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1,587 | # Alexander of Pherae
**Alexander** (*Ἀλέξανδρος*) was Tyrant or Despot of Pherae in Thessaly, ruling from 369 to c. 356 BC. Following the assassination of Jason, the tyrant of Pherae and Tagus of Thessaly, in 370 BC, his brother Polyphron ruled for a year, but he was then poisoned by Alexander who assumed power hims... | 1,055 | Alexander of Pherae | 0 |
1,587 | # Alexander of Pherae
## Other
It is written in Plutarch\'s Second Oration On the Fortune or the Virtue of Alexander the Great (see *Moralia*), and in Claudius Aelianus\' *Varia Historia* that Alexander left a tragedy in a theatre because he did not wish to weep at fiction when unmoved by his own cruelty. This sugges... | 82 | Alexander of Pherae | 1 |
1,588 | # Alexander II of Epirus
**Alexander II** (Greek: Άλέξανδρος) was a king of Epirus, and the son of Pyrrhus and Lanassa, the daughter of the Sicilian tyrant Agathocles.
## Reign
He succeeded his father as king in 272 BC, and continued the war which his father had begun with Antigonus II Gonatas, whom he succeeded in ... | 226 | Alexander II of Epirus | 0 |
1,589 | # Alexander Jagiellon
**Alexander Jagiellon** (*Aleksander Jagiellończyk*; *Aleksandras Jogailaitis*; 5 August 1461 -- 19 August 1506) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1492 and King of Poland from 1501 until his death in 1506. He was the fourth son of Casimir IV and a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty. Alexander was ... | 495 | Alexander Jagiellon | 0 |
1,589 | # Alexander Jagiellon
## Grand Duke of Lithuania (1492--1506) {#grand_duke_of_lithuania_14921506}
### Also King of Poland (1501--1506) {#also_king_of_poland_15011506}
On 17 June 1501, Alexander\'s older brother John I Albert died suddenly, and Alexander was crowned king of Poland on 12 December of that year. Alexande... | 504 | Alexander Jagiellon | 1 |
1,593 | # Alexander I of Scotland
**Alexander I** (medieval Gaelic: *Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim*; modern Gaelic: *Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim*; c. 1078 -- 23 April 1124), posthumously nicknamed **The Fierce**, was the King of Alba (Scotland) from 1107 to his death. He was the fifth son of Malcolm III and his second wife, Marga... | 1,023 | Alexander I of Scotland | 0 |
1,599 | # Alexander of Aphrodisias
**Alexander of Aphrodisias** (*translit=Alexandros ho Aphrodisieus*; `{{floruit|200}}`{=mediawiki} AD) was a Peripatetic philosopher and the most celebrated of the Ancient Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle. He was a native of Aphrodisias in Caria and lived and taught in Athens ... | 447 | Alexander of Aphrodisias | 0 |
1,599 | # Alexander of Aphrodisias
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
### Original treatises {#original_treatises}
There are also several extant original writings by Alexander. These include: *On the Soul*, *Problems and Solutions*, *Ethical Problems*, *On Fate*, and *On Mixture and Growth*. Three works attributed to him ... | 796 | Alexander of Aphrodisias | 1 |
1,599 | # Alexander of Aphrodisias
## Modern editions {#modern_editions}
Several of Alexander\'s works were published in the Aldine edition of Aristotle, Venice, 1495--1498; his *De Fato* and *De Anima* were printed along with the works of Themistius at Venice (1534); the former work, which has been translated into Latin by ... | 106 | Alexander of Aphrodisias | 2 |
1,605 | # Alexander Aetolus
**Alexander Aetolus** (*Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Αἰτωλός*, *Alexandros ho Aitōlos*) or **Alexander the Aetolian** was a Hellenistic Greek poet and grammarian, who worked at the Library of Alexandria and composed poetry in a variety of genres, now almost entirely lost. He is the only known Aetolian poet of anti... | 412 | Alexander Aetolus | 0 |
1,612 | # Alexandrists
The **Alexandrists** were a school of Renaissance philosophers who, in the great controversy on the subject of personal immortality, adopted the explanation of the *De Anima* given by Alexander of Aphrodisias.
According to the orthodox Thomism of the Catholic Church, Aristotle rightly regarded reason a... | 191 | Alexandrists | 0 |
1,614 | # Alexis (poet)
**Alexis** (*Ἄλεξις*; `{{floruit}}`{=mediawiki} 350s`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}288 BC) was a Greek comic poet of the Middle Comedy period. He was born in Thurii (in present-day Calabria, Italy) in Magna Graecia and taken early to Athens, where he became a citizen, being enrolled in the deme *Oion* (*Οἶον*) a... | 410 | Alexis (poet) | 0 |
1,614 | # Alexis (poet)
## Surviving titles and fragments {#surviving_titles_and_fragments}
Only fragments have survived from any of Alexis\'s plays -- about 340 in all, totaling about 1,000 lines. They attest to the author\'s wit and refinement, which Athenaeus praises. The surviving fragments also show that Alexis invented... | 699 | Alexis (poet) | 1 |
1,615 | # Alexios II Komnenos
**Alexios II Komnenos** (*Aléxios Komnēnós*; 14 September 1169`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}September 1183), Latinized **Alexius II Comnenus**, was Byzantine emperor from 1180 to 1183. He ascended to the throne as a minor. For the duration of his short reign, the imperial power was *de facto* held by rege... | 598 | Alexios II Komnenos | 0 |
1,637 | # Hymn to Proserpine
\"**Hymn to Proserpine**\" is a poem by Algernon Charles Swinburne, published in *Poems and Ballads* in 1866. The poem is addressed to the goddess Proserpina, the Roman equivalent of Persephone, but laments the rise of Christianity for displacing the pagan goddess and her pantheon.
The epigraph a... | 167 | Hymn to Proserpine | 0 |
1,638 | # The Triumph of Time
\"**The Triumph of Time**\" is a poem by Algernon Charles Swinburne, published in *Poems and Ballads* in 1866. It is in adapted ottava rima and is full of elaborate use of literary devices, particularly alliteration. The theme, which purports to be autobiographical, is that of rejected love. The ... | 79 | The Triumph of Time | 0 |
1,639 | # April 28
| 3 | April 28 | 0 |
1,643 | # Alger of Liège
**Alger of Liège** (1055--1131), known also as Alger of Cluny and Algerus Magister, was a learned clergyman and canonist from Liège, author of several notable works.
Alger was first deacon and scholaster of church of St Bartholomew in his native Liège and was then appointed (c. 1100) as a canon in St... | 325 | Alger of Liège | 0 |
1,652 | # Alyattes
**Alyattes** (Lydian language: *𐤥𐤠𐤩𐤥𐤤𐤯𐤤𐤮\]\]* `{{Transliteration|xld|Walweteś}}`{=mediawiki}; *Ἀλυάττης\]\]* `{{Transliteration|grc|Aluáttēs}}`{=mediawiki}; reigned c. 635 -- c. 585 BC), sometimes described as **Alyattes I**, was the fourth king of the Mermnad dynasty in Lydia, the son of Sadyattes,... | 332 | Alyattes | 0 |
1,652 | # Alyattes
## Life and reign {#life_and_reign}
Alyattes was the son of the king Sadyattes of Lydia and his sister and queen, Lyde of Lydia, both the children of the king Ardys of Lydia. Alyattes ascended to the kingship of Lydia during period of severe crisis: during the 7th century BCE, the Cimmerians, a nomadic peo... | 892 | Alyattes | 1 |
1,652 | # Alyattes
## Life and reign {#life_and_reign}
### Lyde of Lydia story {#lyde_of_lydia_story}
According to *Tractatus de mulieribus* (citing Xenophilos of Sardeis, who wrote the history of Lydia), Lyde was the wife and sister of Sadyattes, the ancestor of Croesus. Lyde\'s son, Alyattes, when he inherited the kingdom ... | 585 | Alyattes | 2 |
1,652 | # Alyattes
## Life and reign {#life_and_reign}
### Eastern conquests {#eastern_conquests}
Alyattes turned towards Phrygia in the east. The kings of Lydia and of the former Phrygian kingdom had already entertained friendly relations before the destruction of the latter by the Cimmerians. After defeating the Cimmerians... | 655 | Alyattes | 3 |
1,652 | # Alyattes
## Life and reign {#life_and_reign}
### Later wars against the Ionians {#later_wars_against_the_ionians}
In 600 BCE, Alyattes resumed his military activities in the west, and the second Ionian city he attacked was Smyrna despite the Lydian kings having previously established good relations with the Smyrnio... | 893 | Alyattes | 4 |
1,652 | # Alyattes
## Life and reign {#life_and_reign}
### Death
Alyattes died shortly after the Battle of the Eclipse, in 585 BCE itself, following which Lydia faced a power struggle between his son Pantaleon, born from a Greek woman, and his other son Croesus, born from a Carian noblewoman, out of which the latter emerged ... | 602 | Alyattes | 5 |
1,654 | # Alypius of Antioch
**Alypius of Antioch** was a geographer and a vicarius of Roman Britain, probably in the late 350s AD. He replaced Flavius Martinus after that vicarius\' suicide. His rule is recorded is Ammianus XXIII 1, 3.
## Life
He came from Antioch and served under Constantius II and was probably appointed ... | 162 | Alypius of Antioch | 0 |
1,658 | # Afonso II of Portugal
**Afonso II** (*italic = no*; 23 April 1185`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}25 March 1223), also called **Afonso the Fat** (*Afonso o Gordo*) and **Afonso the Leper** (*Afonso o Gafo*), was King of Portugal from 1211 until 1223. Afonso was the third monarch of Portugal.
Afonso was the second but eldest su... | 630 | Afonso II of Portugal | 0 |
1,659 | # Afonso III of Portugal
**Afonso III** (*italic = no*; 5 May 1210`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}16 February 1279), called **the Boulonnais** (Port. *o Bolonhês*), was King of Portugal and the first to use the title *King of Portugal and the Algarve*, from 1249. He was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and his wife, ... | 616 | Afonso III of Portugal | 0 |
1,659 | # Afonso III of Portugal
## Marriages and descendants {#marriages_and_descendants}
Afonso\'s first wife was Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne, daughter of Renaud, Count of Dammartin, and Ida, Countess of Boulogne. They had no surviving children. He divorced Matilda in 1253 and, in the same year, married Beatrice of Ca... | 322 | Afonso III of Portugal | 1 |
1,660 | # Afonso IV of Portugal
**Afonso IV** (*italic = no*; 8 February 1291`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}28 May 1357), called **the Brave** (*links=no*), was King of Portugal from 1325 until his death in 1357. He was the only legitimate son of King Denis of Portugal and Elizabeth of Aragon.
## Early life {#early_life}
Afonso, born... | 376 | Afonso IV of Portugal | 0 |
1,660 | # Afonso IV of Portugal
## Later life {#later_life}
Political intrigue marked the last part of Afonso IV\'s reign, although Castille was torn by civil war after Alfonso XI died. Henry of Trastámara challenged the new King Peter of Castile, who sent many Castilian nobles into exile in Portugal. Afonso\'s son Peter fel... | 511 | Afonso IV of Portugal | 1 |
1,660 | # Afonso IV of Portugal
## Marriage and descendants {#marriage_and_descendants}
On 12 September 1309, Afonso married Beatrice of Castile, daughter of Sancho IV of Castile, and María de Molina, and had four sons and three daughters. Afonso broke the tradition of previous kings and did not have any children out of wedl... | 269 | Afonso IV of Portugal | 2 |
1,662 | # Afonso VI of Portugal
*Dom* **Afonso VI** (`{{IPA|pt|ɐˈfõsu}}`{=mediawiki}; 21 August 1643`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}12 September 1683), known as \"**the Victorious**\" (*o Vitorioso*), was the second king of Portugal of the House of Braganza from 1656 until his death. He was initially under the regency of his mother, Lui... | 663 | Afonso VI of Portugal | 0 |
1,664 | # Alfonso II of Asturias
**Alfonso II** of Asturias (c. 760`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}842), nicknamed **the Chaste** (*el Casto*), was the king of Asturias during two different periods: first in the year 783 and later from 791 until his death in 842. Upon his death, Nepotian, a family member of undetermined relation, attemp... | 713 | Alfonso II of Asturias | 0 |
1,669 | # Amarasimha
**Amarasimha** (IAST: **`{{IAST|Amara-siṃha}}`{=mediawiki}**, c. CE 375) was a Sanskrit grammarian and poet from ancient India, of whose personal history hardly anything is known. He is said to have been \"one of the nine gems that adorned the throne of Vikramaditya,\" and according to the evidence of Xua... | 235 | Amarasimha | 0 |
1,697 | # Ambergris
thumb\|upright=1.3\|Ambergris in dried form
**Ambergris** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|m|b|ər|g|r|iː|s|}}`{=mediawiki} or `{{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|m|b|ər|g|r|ɪ|s|}}`{=mediawiki}; *ambra grisea*; *ambre gris*), ***ambergrease***, or **grey amber** is a solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish colour produced i... | 722 | Ambergris | 0 |
1,697 | # Ambergris
## Chemical properties {#chemical_properties}
Ambergris is relatively nonreactive to acid. White crystals of a terpenoid known as ambrein, discovered by Leopold Ružička and Fernand Lardon in 1946, can be separated from ambergris by heating raw ambergris in alcohol, then allowing the resulting solution to ... | 501 | Ambergris | 1 |
1,698 | # Ambiorix
**Ambiorix** (Gaulish \"king of the surroundings\", or \"king-protector\") (`{{floruit}}`{=mediawiki} 54--53 BC) was, together with Cativolcus, prince of the Eburones, leader of a Belgic tribe of north-eastern Gaul (Gallia Belgica), where modern Belgium is located. In the 19th century, Ambiorix became a Bel... | 893 | Ambiorix | 0 |
1,702 | # Alfred of Beverley
**Alfred of Beverley** was an English chronicler, and sacrist of the collegiate church of St John the Evangelist and St John of Beverley wrote a history of Britain and England in nine chapters (c. 1148- c.1151) from its supposed foundation by the Trojan Brutus, down to the death of Henry I in 1135... | 407 | Alfred of Beverley | 0 |
1,711 | # August 31
| 3 | August 31 | 0 |
1,714 | # Autpert Ambrose
**Autpert Ambrose (Ambroise)** (*\'\'\'Ambrosius Autpertus\'\'\'*) (ca. 730 -- 784) was a Frankish Benedictine monk. An abbot of San Vincenzo al Volturno in South Italy in the time of Desiderius, king of the Lombards, Autpert wrote a considerable number of works on the Bible and religious subjects ge... | 597 | Autpert Ambrose | 0 |
1,714 | # Autpert Ambrose
## *Expositio in Apocalypsin* {#expositio_in_apocalypsin}
Autpert\'s masterpiece is considered his *Expositio in Apocalypsin*, a lengthy commentary on the Book of Revelation. Autpert refers to various early Christian writers in order to give his commentary authority. In addition, he uses the writers... | 315 | Autpert Ambrose | 1 |
1,716 | # Ambrose Traversari
**Ambrogio Traversari**, also referred to as **Ambrose of Camaldoli** (1386`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}20 October 1439), was an Italian monk and theologian who was a prime supporter of the papal cause in the 15th century. He is honored as a saint by the Camaldolese Order.
## Biography
Traversari was bo... | 638 | Ambrose Traversari | 0 |
1,717 | # Ambrosians
**Ambrosians** are members of one of the religious brotherhoods which at various times since the 14th century have sprung up in and around Milan, Italy. In the 16th century, a sect of Anabaptist Ambrosians was founded.
## Orders
Only the oldest of the Catholic Ambrosians, the *Fratres S. Ambrosii ad Nem... | 917 | Ambrosians | 0 |
1,717 | # Ambrosians
## Orders
### Oblates of St. Ambrose and of St. Charles {#oblates_of_st._ambrose_and_of_st._charles}
In some sense also \"Ambrosians\" are the members of a diocesan religious society founded by St Charles Borromeo, Archbishop of Milan. All priests or destined to become priests, they took a simple vow of ... | 184 | Ambrosians | 1 |
1,718 | # Ambrosiaster
**Ambrosiaster** or **Pseudo-Ambrose** is the name given to the unknown author of a commentary on the epistles of Saint Paul, written some time between 366 and 384 AD. The name \"Ambrosiaster\" in Latin means \"would-be Ambrose\". Various conjectures have been made as to Ambrosiaster\'s true identity, a... | 584 | Ambrosiaster | 0 |
1,723 | # Ammonius Hermiae
**Ammonius Hermiae** (`{{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|m|oʊ|n|i|ə|s}}`{=mediawiki}; *Ammonius, son of Hermias*; c. 440 -- between 517 and 526) was a Greek philosopher from Alexandria in the eastern Roman empire during Late Antiquity. A Neoplatonist, he was the son of the philosophers Hermias and Aedesia, the brother ... | 805 | Ammonius Hermiae | 0 |
1,726 | # Book of Amos
The **Book of Amos**is the third of the Twelve Minor Prophets in the Christian Old Testament and Jewish Tanakh and the second in the Greek Septuagint. The Book of Amos has nine chapters. According to the Bible, Amos was an older contemporary of Hosea and Isaiah, and was active c. 750 BC during the reign... | 571 | Book of Amos | 0 |
1,726 | # Book of Amos
## Themes
The central idea of the book of Amos is that God puts his people on the same level as the surrounding nations -- God expects the same purity of them all. As it is with all nations that rise up against the kingdom of God, even Israel and Judah will not be exempt from the judgment of God becaus... | 294 | Book of Amos | 1 |
1,727 | # Amphipolis
**Amphipolis** (*translit=Amfipoli*; *translit=Amphipolis*) was an important ancient Greek polis (city), and later a Roman city, whose large remains can still be seen. It gave its name to the modern municipality of Amphipoli, in the Serres regional unit of northern Greece.
Amphipolis was originally a col... | 610 | Amphipolis | 0 |
1,727 | # Amphipolis
## History
### Macedonian rule {#macedonian_rule}
The city itself kept its independence until the reign of king Philip II (`{{reign|359|336 BC}}`{=mediawiki}) despite several Athenian attacks, notably because of the government of Callistratus of Aphidnae. In 357 BC, Philip succeeded where the Athenians h... | 1,109 | Amphipolis | 1 |
1,727 | # Amphipolis
## Archaeology
The site was discovered and described by many travellers and archaeologists during the 19th century, including E. Cousinéry (1831) (engraver), Leon Heuzey (1861), and P. Perdrizet (1894--1899). However, excavations did not truly begin until after the Second World War. The Greek Archaeologi... | 831 | Amphipolis | 2 |
1,727 | # Amphipolis
## Amphipolitans
- Demetrius of Amphipolis, student of Plato
- Zoilus (400--320 BC), grammarian, cynic philosopher
- Pamphilus (painter), head of Sicyonian school and teacher of Apelles
- Aetion, sculptor
- Philippus of Amphipolis, historian
- Nearchus, admiral
- Erigyius, general
- Damas... | 102 | Amphipolis | 3 |
1,728 | # Amram
In the Book of Exodus, **Amram** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|m|r|æ|m}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{Hebrew Name|עַמְרָם|‘Amram|ʻAmrām|"Exalted people"{{\}}`{=mediawiki}\"The people are exalted\"}}) is the husband of Jochebed and father of Aaron, Moses and Miriam.
## In the Holy Scriptures {#in_the_holy_scriptures}
In addition to be... | 716 | Amram | 0 |
1,729 | # Amyntas I of Macedon
**Amyntas I** (*Ἀμύντας*) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia from at least 512/511 until his death in 498/497 BC. Although there were a number of rulers before him, Amyntas is the first king of Macedonia for which we have any reliable historical information. During Amyntas\' reig... | 832 | Amyntas I of Macedon | 0 |
1,730 | # Amyntas III of Macedon
**Amyntas III** (*Ἀμύντας*) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia from 393/2 to 388/7 BC and again from 387/6 to 370 BC. He was a member of the Argead dynasty through his father Arrhidaeus, a son of Amyntas, one of the sons of Alexander I. His most famous son is Philip II, father ... | 611 | Amyntas III of Macedon | 0 |
1,730 | # Amyntas III of Macedon
## King of Macedon {#king_of_macedon}
Shortly after he became king in 393 or 392, he was driven out by the Illyrians, but in the following year, with the aid of the Thessalians, he recovered his kingdom. Medius, head of the house of the Aleuadae of Larissa, is believed to have provided aid to... | 395 | Amyntas III of Macedon | 1 |
1,734 | # Anah
**Anah** or **Ana** (*ʿĀna*, *ܐܢܐ*), formerly also known as **Anna**, is an Iraqi town on the Euphrates approximately midway between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Persian Gulf. Anah lies from west to east on the right bank along a bend of the river just before it turns south towards Hīt.
## Name
The town w... | 450 | Anah | 0 |
1,734 | # Anah
## History
### Ottoman rule {#ottoman_rule}
Starting around 1535, the town served as the de facto capital of the Abu Rish bedouin emirs, whom the Ottomans appointed as governors of several **sancak**s (provinces) as well as *çöl beyis* or \"desert emirs\". In 1574, Leonhart Rauwolff found the town divided into... | 441 | Anah | 1 |
1,734 | # Anah
## History
### Kingdom of Iraq {#kingdom_of_iraq}
In 1918, the town was captured by British forces and by 1921, became incorporated into the Kingdom of Iraq. It remained an administrative center of a qadaa, part of the larger Ramadi-based liwa of Dulaym. Anah\'s *qadaa* also included the subdistricts of Hīt, a... | 395 | Anah | 2 |
1,735 | # Ānanda
**Ānanda** (Pali and Sanskrit: आनंद; 5th`{{en dash}}`{=mediawiki}4th century BCE) was the primary attendant of the Buddha and one of his ten principal disciples. Among the Buddha\'s many disciples, Ānanda stood out for having the best memory. Most of the texts of the early Buddhist *Sutta-Piṭaka* (*सुत्त पिटक... | 687 | Ānanda | 0 |
1,735 | # Ānanda
## Accounts
### Previous lives {#previous_lives}
According to the texts, in a previous life, Ānanda made an aspiration to become a Buddha\'s attendant. He made this aspiration in the time of a previous Buddha called Padumuttara, many eons (*link=no*, Sanskrit: `{{Transliteration|sa|kalpa}}`{=mediawiki}) bef... | 841 | Ānanda | 1 |
1,735 | # Ānanda
## Accounts
### Attending to the Buddha {#attending_to_the_buddha}
left\|thumb \|18th-century Burmese sculpture of Ānanda \|alt=Wooden sculpture of monk sitting in a mermaid pose, reclining \|upright
In the first twenty years of the Buddha\'s ministry, the Buddha had several personal attendants. However, af... | 1,056 | Ānanda | 2 |
1,735 | # Ānanda
## Accounts
### Establishing the nun\'s order {#establishing_the_nuns_order}
`{{See also|Bhikkhuni#History}}`{=mediawiki} In the role of mediator between the Buddha and the lay communities, Ānanda sometimes made suggestions to the Buddha for amendments in the monastic discipline. Most importantly, the early ... | 945 | Ānanda | 3 |
1,735 | # Ānanda
## Accounts
### The Buddha\'s death {#the_buddhas_death}
thumb \|upright \|Sculpture at Vulture Peak, Rajgir, India, depicting the Buddha consoling Ānanda \|alt=Sculpture of the Buddha holding hand on head monk at the right side of the Buddha, the latter monk smiling Despite his long association with and clo... | 1,188 | Ānanda | 4 |
1,735 | # Ānanda
## Accounts
### The First Council {#the_first_council}
thumb \|upright=1 \|According to Buddhist texts, the First Buddhist Council was held in Rājagaha. \|alt=Stupa, located at present-day Rajgir, at that time called Rajagaha *Main article: First Buddhist Council*
#### Ban
According to the texts, the First... | 685 | Ānanda | 5 |
1,735 | # Ānanda
## Accounts
### The First Council {#the_first_council}
#### Charges
During the same council, Ānanda was charged for an offense by members of the *saṅgha* for having enabled women to join the monastic order. Besides this, he was charged for having forgotten to request the Buddha to specify which offenses of m... | 944 | Ānanda | 6 |
1,735 | # Ānanda
## Accounts
### Role and character {#role_and_character}
Ānanda was recognized as one of the most important disciples of the Buddha. In the lists of the disciples given in the *Aṅguttara Nikāya*`{{refn |group=note |Page i. xiv.}}`{=mediawiki} and *Saṃyutta Nikāya*, each of the disciples is declared to be for... | 922 | Ānanda | 7 |
1,735 | # Ānanda
## Accounts
### Passing on the teaching {#passing_on_the_teaching}
After the Buddha\'s death, some sources say Ānanda stayed mostly in the West of India, in the area of Kosambī (*link=no*), where he taught most of his pupils. Other sources say he stayed in the monastery at Veḷuvana (*link=no*). Several pupil... | 1,015 | Ānanda | 8 |
1,735 | # Ānanda
## Legacy
Ānanda is depicted as an eloquent speaker, who often taught about the self and about meditation. There are numerous Buddhist texts attributed to Ānanda, including the *Atthakanāgara Sutta*, about meditation methods to attain Nirvana; a version of the *Bhaddekaratta Sutta* (*link=no*, `{{zh |p=shany... | 921 | Ānanda | 9 |
1,735 | # Ānanda
## In art {#in_art}
Between 1856 and 1858 Richard Wagner wrote a draft for an opera libretto based on the legend about Ānanda and the low-caste girl Prakṛti. He left only a fragmentary prose sketch of a work to be called *Die Sieger*, but the topic inspired his later opera *Parsifal*. Furthermore, the draft ... | 414 | Ānanda | 10 |
1,738 | # Anaxarchus
**Anaxarchus** (`{{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|n|ə|ɡ|ˈ|z|ɑr|k|ə|s}}`{=mediawiki}; *Ἀνάξαρχος*; c. 380 -- c. 320 BC) was a Greek philosopher of the school of Democritus. Together with Pyrrho, he accompanied Alexander the Great into Asia. The reports of his philosophical views suggest that he was a forerunner of the Greek ... | 298 | Anaxarchus | 0 |
1,738 | # Anaxarchus
## Philosophy
Very little is known about his philosophical views. It is thought that he represents a link between the atomism of Democritus, and the skepticism of his own apprentice Pyrrho. He also shares ethical traits with the Cynic and Cyrenaic schools.
Anaxarchus is said to have studied under Diogen... | 274 | Anaxarchus | 1 |
1,740 | # Ancyra (planthopper)
***Ancyra*** is a small genus of planthoppers of the family Eurybrachidae and the only genus in the tribe **Ancyrini**. Species in this genus occur in southeast Asia.`{{r|flow}}`{=mediawiki}
## Description
Members of the genus are well known for having a pair of prolonged filaments at the tips... | 153 | Ancyra (planthopper) | 0 |
1,746 | # Anaximenes of Lampsacus
**Anaximenes of Lampsacus** (`{{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|n|æ|k|ˈ|s|ɪ|m|ə|ˌ|n|iː|z}}`{=mediawiki}; *Ἀναξιμένης ὁ Λαμψακηνός*; c. 380`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}320 BC) was a Greek rhetorician and historian. He was one of the teachers of Alexander the Great and accompanied him on his campaigns.
## Family
His fat... | 288 | Anaximenes of Lampsacus | 0 |
1,746 | # Anaximenes of Lampsacus
## Historical works {#historical_works}
Anaximenes wrote a history of Greece in twelve books, stretching from the gods\' origins to the death of Epaminondas at the Battle of Mantinea (*Hellenica*, *Πρῶται ἱστορίαι*), and a history of Philip of Macedon (*Philippica*). He was a favorite of Ale... | 550 | Anaximenes of Lampsacus | 1 |
1,752 | # Andocides
**Andocides** (`{{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|n|ˈ|d|ɒ|s|ɪ|d|iː|z}}`{=mediawiki}; *Ἀνδοκίδης*, *Andokides*; `{{citation needed span |text={{Circa|440|370 BC}} |date=February 2024}}`{=mediawiki}) was a logographer (speech writer) in Ancient Greece. He was one of the ten Attic orators included in the \"Alexandrian Canon... | 1,339 | Andocides | 0 |
1,752 | # Andocides
## List of extant speeches {#list_of_extant_speeches}
### [On the Mysteries](https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Andoc.+1+1) (*Περὶ τῶν μυστηρίων* \"*De Mysteriis*\"). {#on_the_mysteries_de_mysteriis.}
Andocides made the speech \"On the Mysteries\" as a defense against the accusations made... | 541 | Andocides | 1 |
1,752 | # Andocides
## List of extant speeches {#list_of_extant_speeches}
### [On the Peace with Sparta](https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Andoc.+3+1) (*Περὶ τῆς πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους εἰρήνης* \"*De Pace*\"). {#on_the_peace_with_sparta_de_pace.}
"On the Peace with Sparta" was given for advocating the acceptanc... | 697 | Andocides | 2 |
1,756 | # An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
***An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding*** is a book by the Scottish empiricist philosopher David Hume, published in English in 1748 under the title *Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding* until a 1757 edition came up with the now-familiar name. It was a r... | 1,030 | An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding | 0 |
1,756 | # An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
## Content
### 5. Sceptical solution of these doubts (in two parts) {#sceptical_solution_of_these_doubts_in_two_parts}
According to Hume, we assume that experience tells us something about the world because of *habit or custom*, which human nature forces us to take seriousl... | 996 | An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding | 1 |
1,756 | # An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
## Content
### 10. Of miracles (in two parts) {#of_miracles_in_two_parts}
The next topic which Hume strives to give treatment is that of the reliability of human testimony, and of the role that testimony plays a part in epistemology. This was not an idle concern for Hume. D... | 773 | An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding | 2 |
1,756 | # An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
## Content
### 12. Of the academical or skeptical philosophy (in three parts) {#of_the_academical_or_skeptical_philosophy_in_three_parts}
The first section of the last chapter is well organized as an outline of various skeptical arguments. The treatment includes the argumen... | 497 | An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding | 3 |
1,756 | # An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
## Legacy
Albert Einstein was a great admirer of Hume and remarked in a letter to Moritz Schlick that he had read Hume\'s book and the works of Ernst Mach \"with eagerness and admiration shortly before finding relativity theory\" and that \"very possibly, I wouldn\'t have c... | 60 | An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding | 4 |
1,758 | # André de Longjumeau
**André de Longjumeau** (also known as **Andrew of Longjumeau** in English) was a French diplomat and Dominican missionary and one of the most active Occidental diplomats in the East in the 13th century. He led two embassies to the Mongols: the first carried letters from Pope Innocent IV and the ... | 848 | André de Longjumeau | 0 |
1,759 | # Andriscus
**Andriscus** (*Ἀνδρίσκος*, *Andrískos*; `{{fl.}}`{=mediawiki} 154/153 BC -- 146 BC), also often referenced as **Pseudo-Philip**, was a Greek pretender who became the last independent king of Macedon in 149 BC as **Philip VI** (*Φίλιππος*, *Philipos*), based on his claim of being Philip, a now-obscure son ... | 479 | Andriscus | 0 |
1,759 | # Andriscus
## Claiming the throne {#claiming_the_throne}
### In Syria {#in_syria}
He first staked his claim in Syria. Livy and Cassius Dio write that he simply went from Pergamon to Syria and directly staked his claim before the Seleucid monarch, Demetrius I Soter. Diodorus Siculus offers a different account. Accor... | 697 | Andriscus | 1 |
1,759 | # Andriscus
## Conquest of Macedon {#conquest_of_macedon}
His first attempt to invade was unsuccessful, and he initially did not inspire much enthusiasm among the Macedonians; this made the Romans complacent about the pretender. However, he soon managed to encounter a force of Rome\'s Macedonian client republics, def... | 318 | Andriscus | 2 |
1,759 | # Andriscus
## Reign
### Military campaigns {#military_campaigns}
Andriscus\' reign was defined to a significant degree by his military campaigns, due to his being in a constant state of war with Rome. After his conquest of the Kingdom, he enlarged the army and began campaigns to conquer Thessaly, a key part of the ... | 668 | Andriscus | 3 |
1,759 | # Andriscus
## Downfall and death {#downfall_and_death}
Thalna\'s defeat shook Roman prestige in the East, and made the Senate realize the full significance of the revolt. They organized a full consular army of two legions under praetor Quintus Caecilius Metellus, to defeat Andriscus and check, if not quell, his upri... | 276 | Andriscus | 4 |
1,759 | # Andriscus
## Assessment and legacy {#assessment_and_legacy}
Ancient sources are extremely hostile, not only to the origins and claims, but also of the character of Andriscus --- Diodorus calls him \"shot through with cruelty, greed and every base quality\"; Dio and Livy call him \"a man of the lowest kind\". They a... | 184 | Andriscus | 5 |
1,762 | # Andronikos I Komnenos
**Andronikos I Komnenos** (*Andrónikos Komnēnós*; `{{c.|1118/1120|lk=no}}`{=mediawiki} -- 12 September 1185), Latinized as **Andronicus I Comnenus**, was Byzantine emperor from 1183 to 1185. A nephew of John II Komnenos (`{{Reign}}`{=mediawiki}1118--1143), Andronikos rose to fame in the reign o... | 495 | Andronikos I Komnenos | 0 |
1,762 | # Andronikos I Komnenos
## Reign of Manuel I (1143--1180) {#reign_of_manuel_i_11431180}
### Imperial career {#imperial_career}
Manuel I Komnenos began his reign as emperor on good terms with Andronikos. Andronikos showed no signs of treachery towards his cousin and Manuel was fond of his company since the two were o... | 449 | Andronikos I Komnenos | 1 |
1,762 | # Andronikos I Komnenos
## Reign of Manuel I (1143--1180) {#reign_of_manuel_i_11431180}
### Escapes from prison {#escapes_from_prison}
Andronikos escaped from prison in 1159, while Manuel was away on campaign in Cilicia and Syria. Having discovered an ancient underground passage beneath his cell, he dug his way down ... | 487 | Andronikos I Komnenos | 2 |
1,762 | # Andronikos I Komnenos
## Reign of Manuel I (1143--1180) {#reign_of_manuel_i_11431180}
### Exile
In 1167, Andronikos deserted his post in Cilicia and traveled to Antioch, where he seduced Philippa of Antioch. Philippa was the sister of both Manuel\'s second wife Maria and Bohemond III, the reigning prince of Antioch... | 495 | Andronikos I Komnenos | 3 |
1,762 | # Andronikos I Komnenos
## Reign of Alexios II (1180--1183) {#reign_of_alexios_ii_11801183}
### Power struggle {#power_struggle}
Manuel died on 24 September 1180 and the throne was inherited by his eleven-year-old son, Alexios II Komnenos. A regency was set up for the young emperor, led by Manuel\'s widow, Maria of ... | 647 | Andronikos I Komnenos | 4 |
1,762 | # Andronikos I Komnenos
## Reign of Alexios II (1180--1183) {#reign_of_alexios_ii_11801183}
### Regent in Constantinople {#regent_in_constantinople}
With no military forces left to oppose Andronikos, the *prōtosebastos* was taken captive and taken across the Bosporus to Andronikos\'s camp, where he was blinded. Andro... | 512 | Andronikos I Komnenos | 5 |
1,762 | # Andronikos I Komnenos
## Reign (1183--1185) {#reign_11831185}
Andronikos\'s assumption of sole power rapidly plunged the empire into further instability. The elimination of Alexios II made Andronikos dependent on a power base bound only to him through self-interest. In Alexios\'s place, Andronikos in November 1183 ... | 619 | Andronikos I Komnenos | 6 |
1,762 | # Andronikos I Komnenos
## Downfall and death {#downfall_and_death}
In 1185, the *pinkernēs* Alexios Komnenos, a great-nephew of Manuel, approached William II of Sicily with a request for aid against Andronikos. William invaded the Byzantine Empire and successfully captured both Dyrrhachium and Thessaloniki in the na... | 383 | Andronikos I Komnenos | 7 |
1,762 | # Andronikos I Komnenos
## Family
Andronikos was married twice and had numerous mistresses. He had three children with his first wife, whose name is not recorded:
- Manuel Komnenos (1145--after 1185), an ambassador under Manuel I and opposed to many of the policies of his father. Manuel was blinded by the new regi... | 283 | Andronikos I Komnenos | 8 |
1,762 | # Andronikos I Komnenos
## Legacy
Andronikos\'s fall from power ended the rule of the Komnenos dynasty, which had governed the Byzantine Empire since 1081. He was vilified as a tyrant in Byzantine writings after his death. The later Angeloi emperors made it official imperial policy that Andronikos had been a tyrant, ... | 444 | Andronikos I Komnenos | 9 |
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