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16,392 | # Jurisdiction
## International dimension {#international_dimension}
### International
This concerns the relationships both between courts in different jurisdictions, and between courts within the same jurisdiction. The usual legal doctrine under which questions of jurisdiction are decided is termed *\[\[forum non co... | 544 | Jurisdiction | 2 |
16,392 | # Jurisdiction
## International dimension {#international_dimension}
### Supranational
At a supranational level, countries have adopted a range of treaty and convention obligations to relate the right of individual litigants to invoke the jurisdiction of national courts and to enforce the judgments obtained. For exam... | 440 | Jurisdiction | 3 |
16,392 | # Jurisdiction
## United States {#united_states}
The primary distinctions between areas of jurisdiction are codified at the federal level. In the United States\' common law system, jurisdiction is conceptually divided between jurisdiction over the *subject matter* of a case and personal jurisdiction over the parties ... | 521 | Jurisdiction | 4 |
16,392 | # Jurisdiction
## United States {#united_states}
### Example of jurisdiction {#example_of_jurisdiction}
As a practical example of court jurisdiction, as of 2013 Utah has five types of courts, each for different legal matters and different physical territories. One-hundred-and-eight judges oversee Justice Courts, whic... | 429 | Jurisdiction | 5 |
16,392 | # Jurisdiction
## Australia
In Australia, unless a matter is brought before the courts in a way amounting to an abuse of process, a court recognizing its jurisdiction is obliged to exercise it. But as Australia is a federal country, no court is vested with an unrestricted jurisdiction. Therefore, the rules of jurisdi... | 713 | Jurisdiction | 6 |
16,392 | # Jurisdiction
## Franchise jurisdiction {#franchise_jurisdiction}
In the history of English common law, a jurisdiction could be held as a form of property (or more precisely an incorporeal hereditament) called a franchise. Traditional franchise jurisdictions of various powers were held by municipal corporations, rel... | 161 | Jurisdiction | 7 |
16,393 | # John Abernethy (surgeon)
**John Abernethy** `{{Post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}}`{=mediawiki} (3 April 1764 -- 20 April 1831) was an English surgeon. He is popularly remembered for having given his name to the Abernethy biscuit, a coarse-meal baked good meant to aid digestion.
## Life
John Abernethy was the grandson... | 600 | John Abernethy (surgeon) | 0 |
16,393 | # John Abernethy (surgeon)
## Awards and works {#awards_and_works}
In 1819, Abernethy was awarded the Hunterian Professorship. He contributed articles to *Rees\'s Cyclopædia* on Anatomy and Physiology, but the topics are not known. A collected edition of his works was published in 1830. A biography, [*Memoirs of John... | 89 | John Abernethy (surgeon) | 1 |
16,397 | # Jacques Maroger
**Jacques Maroger** (`{{IPA|fr|maʁɔʒe}}`{=mediawiki}; 1884--1962) was a painter and the technical director of the Louvre Museum\'s laboratory in Paris. He devoted his life to understanding the oil-based media of the Old Masters. He emigrated to the United States in 1939 and became an influential teac... | 895 | Jacques Maroger | 0 |
16,397 | # Jacques Maroger
## Lost old master formulas by Maroger {#lost_old_master_formulas_by_maroger}
### Six formulas of Maroger taken from his book on painting formulas {#six_formulas_of_maroger_taken_from_his_book_on_painting_formulas}
1. Lead Medium -- attributed to Antonello da Messina -- One part litharge (yellow l... | 541 | Jacques Maroger | 1 |
16,399 | # Joseph Greenberg
**Joseph Harold Greenberg** (May 28, 1915 -- May 7, 2001) was an American linguist, known mainly for his work concerning linguistic typology and the genetic classification of languages.
## Life
### Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Joseph Greenberg was born on May 28, 1915, to ... | 420 | Joseph Greenberg | 0 |
16,399 | # Joseph Greenberg
## Contributions to linguistics {#contributions_to_linguistics}
### Linguistic typology {#linguistic_typology}
Greenberg is considered the founder of modern linguistic typology, a field that he has revitalized with his publications in the 1960s and 1970s. Greenberg\'s reputation rests partly on hi... | 707 | Joseph Greenberg | 1 |
16,399 | # Joseph Greenberg
## Contributions to linguistics {#contributions_to_linguistics}
### Genetic classification of languages {#genetic_classification_of_languages}
#### Languages of Africa {#languages_of_africa}
Greenberg is known widely for his development of a classification system for the languages of Africa, which... | 1,240 | Joseph Greenberg | 2 |
16,399 | # Joseph Greenberg
## Contributions to linguistics {#contributions_to_linguistics}
### Books
- (Photo-offset reprint of the *SJA* articles with minor corrections.)
-
- (Heavily revised version of Greenberg 1955. From the same publisher: second, revised edition, 1966; third edition, 1970. All three editions s... | 120 | Joseph Greenberg | 3 |
16,402 | # Jan van Goyen
**Jan Josephszoon van Goyen** (`{{IPA|nl|ˈjɑɱ vɑŋ ˈɣoːi.ə(n)}}`{=mediawiki}; 13 January 1596 -- 27 April 1656) was a Dutch landscape painter. The scope of his landscape subjects was very broad as he painted forest landscapes, marine paintings, river landscapes, beach scenes, winter landscapes, cityscap... | 473 | Jan van Goyen | 0 |
16,402 | # Jan van Goyen
## Van Goyen\'s technique {#van_goyens_technique}
Jan van Goyen would begin a painting using a support primarily of thin oak wood. To this panel, he would scrub on several layers of a thin animal hide glue. With a blade, he would then scrape over the entire surface a thin layer of tinted white lead to... | 520 | Jan van Goyen | 1 |
16,402 | # Jan van Goyen
## Gallery
\> <File:Leipzig>, Museum der bildenden Künste, Jan van Goyen, Bauerngehöft.JPG\|*Farmhouse* (1628), oil on panel, 27.5 x 37.5 cm., Museum der bildenden Künste <File:Goyen> 1633 Peasant Huts with a Sweep Well.jpg\|*Peasant Huts with a Sweep Well* (1633), oil on panel, 55 x 80 cm., Gemäldega... | 413 | Jan van Goyen | 2 |
16,407 | # Johann Tetzel
**Johann Tetzel** `{{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Dominican Order|OP]]}}`{=mediawiki} (c. 1465 -- 11 August 1519) was a German Dominican friar and preacher. He was appointed Inquisitor for Poland and Saxony, later becoming the Grand Commissioner for indulgences in Germany. Tetzel was known for granting in... | 570 | Johann Tetzel | 0 |
16,407 | # Johann Tetzel
## Doctrinal positions {#doctrinal_positions}
thumb\|upright=1.3\|Tetzel\'s coffer, on display at the St. Nikolai church in Jüterbog
Tetzel overstated Catholic doctrine in regard to indulgences for the dead. He became known for a couplet attributed to him:
> As soon as the gold in the casket rings T... | 511 | Johann Tetzel | 1 |
16,407 | # Johann Tetzel
## Luther\'s impression {#luthers_impression}
Luther claimed Tetzel had received a substantial amount of money at Leipzig from a nobleman, who asked him for a letter of indulgence for a future sin he would commit. Supposedly Tetzel answered in the affirmative, insisting that the payment had to be made... | 215 | Johann Tetzel | 2 |
16,412 | # James Tiptree Jr.
**Alice Bradley Sheldon**, better known as **James Tiptree Jr.** (born **Alice Hastings Bradley**; August 24, 1915 -- May 19, 1987), was an American science fiction and fantasy author. It was not publicly known until 1977 that James Tiptree Jr. was a pen name of a woman, which she used from 1967 un... | 395 | James Tiptree Jr. | 0 |
16,412 | # James Tiptree Jr.
## Adulthood and early career: 1934--1967 {#adulthood_and_early_career_19341967}
Bradley was encouraged by her mother to seek a career, but her mother also hoped that she would get married and settle down. In 1934, at age 19, she met William (Bill) Davey and eloped to marry him. She dropped out of... | 729 | James Tiptree Jr. | 1 |
16,412 | # James Tiptree Jr.
## Science fiction career: 1967--1987 {#science_fiction_career_19671987}
Bradley discovered science fiction in 1924, when she read her first issue of *Weird Tales,* but she didn\'t write any herself until years later. Unsure what to do with her new degrees and her new/old careers, she began to wri... | 1,071 | James Tiptree Jr. | 2 |
16,412 | # James Tiptree Jr.
## Death and legacy {#death_and_legacy}
Sheldon continued writing under the Tiptree pen name for another decade. In the last years of her life, she suffered from depression and heart trouble, while her husband began to lose his eyesight, becoming almost completely blind in 1986. In 1976, then 61-y... | 402 | James Tiptree Jr. | 3 |
16,412 | # James Tiptree Jr.
## Works
### Short story collections {#short_story_collections}
- *Ten Thousand Light-Years from Home* (1973)
- *Warm Worlds and Otherwise* (1975)
- *Star Songs of an Old Primate* (1978)
- *Out of the Everywhere and Other Extraordinary Visions* (1981)
- *Byte Beautiful: Eight Science Fi... | 942 | James Tiptree Jr. | 4 |
16,412 | # James Tiptree Jr.
## Works
### Other collections {#other_collections}
- *Neat Sheets: The Poetry of James Tiptree Jr.* (Tachyon Publications, 1996)
- *Meet Me at Infinity* (a collection of previously uncollected and unpublished fiction, essays and other non-fiction, with much biographical information, edited by... | 447 | James Tiptree Jr. | 5 |
16,413 | # Otherwise Award
The **Otherwise Award**, originally known as the **James Tiptree Jr. Award**, is an American annual literary prize for works of science fiction or fantasy that expand or explore one\'s understanding of gender. It was initiated in February 1991 by science fiction authors Pat Murphy and Karen Joy Fowle... | 738 | Otherwise Award | 0 |
16,413 | # Otherwise Award
## Winners
+------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| Year | Author(s) | Work | Publisher | Ref. |... | 562 | Otherwise Award | 1 |
16,417 | # Jan Długosz
**Jan Długosz** (`{{IPA|pl|ˈjan ˈdwuɡɔʂ}}`{=mediawiki}; 1 December 1415 -- 19 May 1480), also known in Latin as **Johannes Longinus**, was a Polish priest, chronicler, diplomat, soldier, and secretary to Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki of Kraków. He is considered Poland\'s first historian.
## Life
Jan Długos... | 645 | Jan Długosz | 0 |
16,425 | # Justus
**Justus** (died on 10 November between 627 and 631) was the fourth archbishop of Canterbury. Pope Gregory the Great sent Justus from Italy to England on a mission to Christianise the Anglo-Saxons from their native paganism; he probably arrived with the second group of missionaries despatched in 601. Justus b... | 369 | Justus | 0 |
16,425 | # Justus
## Bishop of Rochester {#bishop_of_rochester}
Augustine consecrated Justus as a bishop in 604 over a province including the Kentish town of Rochester. The historian Nicholas Brooks argues that the choice of Rochester was probably not because it had been a Roman-era bishopric, but rather because of its import... | 654 | Justus | 1 |
16,425 | # Justus
## Archbishop
Justus became Archbishop of Canterbury in 624, receiving his pallium---the symbol of the jurisdiction entrusted to archbishops---from Pope Boniface V, following which Justus consecrated Romanus as his successor at Rochester. Boniface also gave Justus a letter congratulating him on the conversio... | 311 | Justus | 2 |
16,426 | # John Eccles (neurophysiologist)
**Sir John Carew Eccles** (27 January 1903 -- 2 May 1997) was an Australian neurophysiologist and philosopher who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the synapse. He shared the prize with Andrew Huxley and Alan Lloyd Hodgkin.
## Life and work {#life_and... | 786 | John Eccles (neurophysiologist) | 0 |
16,426 | # John Eccles (neurophysiologist)
## Philosophy
In *The Understanding of the Brain* (1973), Eccles summarises his philosophy: \"Now before discussing brain function in detail I will at the beginning give an account of my philosophical position on the so-called \'brain-mind problem\' so that you will be able to relate... | 1,037 | John Eccles (neurophysiologist) | 1 |
16,426 | # John Eccles (neurophysiologist)
## Personal life and death {#personal_life_and_death}
Eccles had nine children. Eccles married Irene Miller Eccles (1904-2002) in 1928 and divorced in 1968. After his divorce in 1968, Eccles married Helena Táboríková (1925-2017); a fellow neuropsychologist and M.D. of Charles Univers... | 89 | John Eccles (neurophysiologist) | 2 |
16,427 | # James Scarlett, 1st Baron Abinger
**James Scarlett, 1st Baron Abinger**, `{{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|PC}}`{=mediawiki} (13 December 1769 -- 17 April 1844) was a British lawyer, politician and judge.
## Early life {#early_life}
James Scarlett was born in the British colony of Jamaica, where his father, R... | 715 | James Scarlett, 1st Baron Abinger | 0 |
16,427 | # James Scarlett, 1st Baron Abinger
## Cases
- *Fouldes v. Willoughby* (1841)
## Property
In 1836, Scarlett was awarded compensation of £626 2s 2d for 30 slaves on the Spring Grove estate in Manchester, Jamaica | 36 | James Scarlett, 1st Baron Abinger | 1 |
16,429 | # Jewish views on marriage
thumb\|260px \|Jewish marriage certificate, dated 1740 (Brooklyn Museum)
**Marriage in Judaism** is the documentation of a contract between a Jewish man and a Jewish woman. Because marriage under Jewish law is essentially a private contractual agreement between a man and a woman, it does no... | 274 | Jewish views on marriage | 0 |
16,429 | # Jewish views on marriage
## Betrothal and marriage {#betrothal_and_marriage}
In Jewish law, marriage consists of two separate acts, called `{{transliteration|he|[[erusin]]}}`{=mediawiki} or `{{transliteration|he|kiddushin}}`{=mediawiki}, which is the betrothal ceremony, and `{{transliteration|he|nissu'in}}`{=mediaw... | 384 | Jewish views on marriage | 1 |
16,429 | # Jewish views on marriage
## Matrimony
### Marital harmony {#marital_harmony}
Marital harmony, known as `{{transliteration|he|shalom bayis}}`{=mediawiki} (*שלום בית*), is valued in Jewish tradition. The Talmud states that a man should love his wife as much as he loves himself, and honour her more than he honours hi... | 867 | Jewish views on marriage | 2 |
16,429 | # Jewish views on marriage
## Matrimony
### Conjugal rights and obligations {#conjugal_rights_and_obligations}
#### In the Talmud and Rabbinic Judaism {#in_the_talmud_and_rabbinic_judaism}
The Talmud sets a minimum provision which a husband must provide to his wife:
- Enough bread for at least two meals a day
- ... | 1,185 | Jewish views on marriage | 3 |
16,429 | # Jewish views on marriage
## Matrimony
### Conjugal rights and obligations {#conjugal_rights_and_obligations}
#### In the Talmud and Rabbinic Judaism {#in_the_talmud_and_rabbinic_judaism}
##### Fidelity
These rules made it practically impossible to convict any woman of adultery; in nearly every case, women were acqu... | 489 | Jewish views on marriage | 4 |
16,429 | # Jewish views on marriage
## Age of marriage`{{anchor|Child marriage}}`{=mediawiki} {#age_of_marriage}
Citing the primacy of the divine command given in Genesis 1:28, the time between puberty and age twenty has been considered the ideal time for men and women to be wed in traditional Jewish thought. Some rabbis have... | 564 | Jewish views on marriage | 5 |
16,429 | # Jewish views on marriage
## Intermarriage
Rates of marriage between Jews and non-Jews have increased in countries other than Israel (the Jewish diaspora). According to the National Jewish Population Survey 2000-01, 47% of marriages involving Jews in the United States between 1996 and 2001 were with non-Jewish partn... | 668 | Jewish views on marriage | 6 |
16,429 | # Jewish views on marriage
## Divorce
(Jewish Law) allows for divorce. The document of divorce is termed a `{{transliteration|he|[[Get (divorce document)|get]]}}`{=mediawiki}. The final divorce ceremony involves the husband giving the `{{transliteration|he|get}}`{=mediawiki} document into the hand of the wife or her ... | 550 | Jewish views on marriage | 7 |
16,429 | # Jewish views on marriage
## Same-sex marriage {#same_sex_marriage}
### In Orthodox Judaism {#in_orthodox_judaism}
Orthodox Judaism does not have a Jewish legal construct of same-gender marriage. While any two Jewish adults may be joined by a Jewish legal contract, the rites of `{{transliteration|he|kiddushin}}`{=m... | 328 | Jewish views on marriage | 8 |
16,447 | # James Alan McPherson
**James Alan McPherson** (September 16, 1943 -- July 27, 2016) was an American essayist and short-story writer. He was the first African-American writer to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and was included among the first group of artists who received a MacArthur Fellowship. At the time of hi... | 572 | James Alan McPherson | 0 |
16,447 | # James Alan McPherson
## Life and work {#life_and_work}
### Career
McPherson taught English and creative writing at the University of California, Santa Cruz (assistant professor; 1969--1971), the Harvard University summer school (1972), Morgan State University (assistant professor; 1975--1976) and the University of ... | 379 | James Alan McPherson | 1 |
16,447 | # James Alan McPherson
## Death
McPherson died in hospice on July 27, 2016, in Iowa City, Iowa, due to complications of pneumonia. He was 72. He is survived by a daughter, Rachel McPherson (a child from his first marriage to the former Sarah Charlton, which had ended in divorce); a son from another relationship, Benj... | 344 | James Alan McPherson | 2 |
16,450 | # Takamine Jōkichi
was a Japanese chemist. He is known for being the first to isolate epinephrine in 1901.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Takamine was born in Takaoka, Toyama Prefecture, in November 1854. His father was a doctor; his mother a member of a family of *sake* brewers. He spent hi... | 747 | Takamine Jōkichi | 0 |
16,450 | # Takamine Jōkichi
## Awards and honors {#awards_and_honors}
- In 1899, Takamine was awarded an honorary Doctorate in Engineering by what is now the University of Tokyo.
- On April 18, 1985, the Japan Patent Office selected him as one of Ten Japanese Great Inventors.
- In 2024 he was posthumously inducted into ... | 148 | Takamine Jōkichi | 1 |
16,452 | # Jacob Neusner
**Jacob Neusner** (July 28, 1932 -- October 8, 2016) was an American academic scholar of Judaism. He was named as one of the most published authors in history, having written or edited more than 900 books.
Neusner\'s application of form criticism---a methodology derived from scholars of the New Testam... | 616 | Jacob Neusner | 0 |
16,452 | # Jacob Neusner
## Critical assessment of Neusner\'s work {#critical_assessment_of_neusners_work}
Neusner\'s original adoption of form criticism to the rabbinic texts proved highly influential both in North American and European studies of early Jewish and Christian texts. His later detailed studies of Mishnaic law l... | 516 | Jacob Neusner | 1 |
16,453 | # Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg
**Joachim I Nestor** (21 February 1484 -- 11 July 1535) was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1499--1535), the fifth member of the House of Hohenzollern. His nickname was taken from King Nestor of Greek mythology.
## Biography
The eldest son of John Cicero... | 861 | Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg | 0 |
16,460 | # John Rutsey
**John Howard Rutsey** (July 23, 1952 -- May 11, 2008) was a Canadian musician best known as a founding member and original drummer of Rush. He performed on the band\'s 1974 debut album, but left shortly after its release due to health problems which limited his ability to tour with the band. He was subs... | 917 | John Rutsey | 0 |
16,461 | # John von Neumann Theory Prize
The **John von Neumann Theory Prize** of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) is awarded annually to an individual (or sometimes a group) who has made fundamental and sustained contributions to theory in operations research and the management scien... | 673 | John von Neumann Theory Prize | 0 |
16,462 | # Jean Richard (actor)
**Jean Richard** (18 April 1921 -- 12 December 2001) was a French actor, comedian, and circus entrepreneur.`{{Better source needed|reason=Lentz doesn't cite any sources for this entry and uses "several sources on the internet" for the book|date=May 2025}}`{=mediawiki} He is best remembered for h... | 947 | Jean Richard (actor) | 0 |
16,474 | # Joint Interoperability of Tactical Command and Control Systems
**Joint Interoperability of Tactical Command and Control Systems** or **JINTACCS** is a program of the United States Department of Defense for the development and maintenance of tactical information exchange configuration items (CIs) and operational proc... | 161 | Joint Interoperability of Tactical Command and Control Systems | 0 |
16,488 | # Julian Jaynes
**Julian Jaynes** (February 27, 1920 -- November 21, 1997) was an American psychologist who worked at the universities of Yale and Princeton for nearly 25 years and became best known for his 1976 book *The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind*. His work focused on the problem ... | 333 | Julian Jaynes | 0 |
16,488 | # Julian Jaynes
## Academic career {#academic_career}
He returned to Yale in 1954, working as an Instructor and Lecturer until 1960, making significant contributions in the fields of experimental psychology, learning, and ethology, and co-publishing some papers with Frank A. Beach. Jaynes had begun to turn his focus ... | 641 | Julian Jaynes | 1 |
16,488 | # Julian Jaynes
## Academic career {#academic_career}
### Publications and theories {#publications_and_theories}
Jaynes\'s one and only book, published in 1976, is *The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind*. The topic of consciousness -- \"the human ability to introspect\" -- is introduced b... | 408 | Julian Jaynes | 2 |
16,488 | # Julian Jaynes
## Legacy
The **Julian Jaynes Society** was founded by Marcel Kuijsten in 1997, shortly after Jaynes\'s death. The society has published a number of books on Julian Jaynes\'s theory including foreign-language editions of Julian Jaynes\'s theory in French, German, and Spanish. The society also maintain... | 77 | Julian Jaynes | 3 |
16,495 | # Jan Borukowski
**Jan Borukowski** of Bielin (1524--1584) was the Bishop of Przemyśl, and was the royal secretary of Poland from 1553. In 1569, he signed the act of annexation of Podlaskie, Volhynia and Kyiv to the kingdom during Sejm in Lublin | 42 | Jan Borukowski | 0 |
16,498 | # Joel Marangella
**Joel Marangella** is an American oboist who has performed in concert with many of the world\'s leading orchestras. A founding member of the Speculum Musicae, he was the principal oboist for the West Australian Symphony Orchestra, and a founding member of the New Music Ensemble.
## Biography
Maran... | 296 | Joel Marangella | 0 |
16,507 | # Jeroboam II
**Jeroboam II** (*יָרָבְעָם*, *Yāroḇʿām*; *Ἱεροβοάμ*; *Hieroboam/Jeroboam*), also referred to as **Jeroboam son of Jehoash**, was the successor of Jehoash (alternatively spelled Joash) and the thirteenth king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel, over which he ruled for forty-one years in the eighth century ... | 911 | Jeroboam II | 0 |
16,510 | # Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted
**Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted** (`{{IPA|da|joˈhænˀəs ne̝koˈlɛːus ˈpʁɶnsteð|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; 22 February 1879 -- 17 December 1947) was a Danish physical chemist who is best known for developing the Brønsted--Lowry acid--base theory; he developed the theory at the same time as (but indepe... | 430 | Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted | 0 |
16,514 | # Jacob Grimm
**Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm** (4 January 1785 -- 20 September 1863), also known as **Ludwig Karl**, was a German author, linguist, philologist, jurist, and folklorist. He formulated Grimm\'s law of linguistics, and was the co-author of the *Deutsches Wörterbuch*, the author of *Deutsche Mythologie*, and th... | 944 | Jacob Grimm | 0 |
16,514 | # Jacob Grimm
## Linguistic work {#linguistic_work}
### *History of the German Language* {#history_of_the_german_language}
Grimm\'s *Geschichte der deutschen Sprache* (History of the German Language) explores German history hidden in the words of the German language and is the oldest linguistic history of the Teuton... | 1,198 | Jacob Grimm | 1 |
16,514 | # Jacob Grimm
## Literary work {#literary_work}
The first work Jacob Grimm published, *Über den altdeutschen Meistergesang* (1811), was of a purely literary character. Yet even in this essay, Grimm showed that *Minnesang* and *Meistergesang* were really one form of poetry, of which they merely represented different s... | 676 | Jacob Grimm | 2 |
16,514 | # Jacob Grimm
## Works
The following is a complete list of Grimm\'s separately published works. Those he published with his brother are marked with a star (\*). For a list of his essays in periodicals, etc., see vol. V of his *Kleinere Schriften*, from which the present list is taken. His life is best studied in his ... | 415 | Jacob Grimm | 3 |
16,529 | # Java (board game)
***Java*** is a German-style board game designed by Wolfgang Kramer and Michael Kiesling, illustrated by Franz Vohwinkel, and published in 2000 by Ravensburger in German and by Rio Grande Games in English. In the game, players build the island of Java to set up palace festivals and gain victory poi... | 180 | Java (board game) | 0 |
16,533 | # Joual
***Joual*** (`{{IPA|fr|ʒwal}}`{=mediawiki}) is an accepted name for the linguistic features of Quebec French that are associated with the French-speaking working class in Montreal which has become a symbol of national identity for some. *Joual* has historically been stigmatized by some, and celebrated by other... | 527 | Joual | 0 |
16,533 | # Joual
## Most notable or stereotypical linguistic features {#most_notable_or_stereotypical_linguistic_features}
Diphthongs are normally present where long vowels would be present in standard French. There is also the usage of *sontaient, sonté* (*ils étaient, ils ont été*).
Although *moé* and *toé* are today consi... | 851 | Joual | 1 |
16,533 | # Joual
## Most notable or stereotypical linguistic features {#most_notable_or_stereotypical_linguistic_features}
### Glossary
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------... | 1,428 | Joual | 2 |
16,533 | # Joual
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
The two-act play *Les Belles-sœurs* by Canadian writer Michel Tremblay premiered in 1968 at the Théâtre du Rideau Vert in Montreal. Many consider it to have had a profound impact on Canadian culture, as it was one of the first times *Joual* was seen on a national st... | 288 | Joual | 3 |
16,537 | # Johann Homann
**Johann Baptist Homann** (20 March 1664 -- 1 July 1724) was a German geographer and cartographer, who also made maps of the Americas.
## Life
Homann was born in Oberkammlach near Kammlach in the Electorate of Bavaria. Although educated at a Jesuit school, and preparing for an ecclesiastical career, ... | 383 | Johann Homann | 0 |
16,546 | # John Akii-Bua
**John Akii-Bua** (3 December 1949 -- 20 June 1997) was a Ugandan hurdler and the first Olympic champion from his country Uganda. In 1986, he was a recipient of the Silver Olympic Order.
## Biography
Akii-Bua was raised in a family of 43 children from one father and his eight wives. Akii-Bua started ... | 355 | John Akii-Bua | 0 |
16,554 | # John Sealy Hospital
\_\_NOTOC\_\_ **John Sealy Hospital** is a hospital that is a part of the University of Texas Medical Branch complex in Galveston, Texas, United States.
## History
Sealy opened on January 10, 1890. It was founded by the widow and brother of one of the richest citizens of Texas, John Sealy after... | 263 | John Sealy Hospital | 0 |
16,555 | # John the Evangelist
**John the Evangelist** (c. 6 AD -- c. 100 AD) is the name traditionally given to the author of the Gospel of John. Christians have traditionally identified him with John the Apostle, John of Patmos, and John the Presbyter, although there is no consensus on how many of these may actually be the s... | 305 | John the Evangelist | 0 |
16,555 | # John the Evangelist
## Authorship of the Johannine works {#authorship_of_the_johannine_works}
Since at least the 2nd century AD, scholars have debated the authorship of the Johannine works---whether they were written by one author or many, and if any of the authors can be identified with John the Apostle.
The gosp... | 866 | John the Evangelist | 1 |
16,555 | # John the Evangelist
## In art {#in_art}
John is traditionally depicted in one of two distinct ways: either as an aged man with a white or gray beard, or alternatively as a beardless youth like John the Apostle. The first way of depicting him was more common in Byzantine art, where it was possibly influenced by anti... | 636 | John the Evangelist | 2 |
16,568 | # John Stauber
**John Stauber** is an American writer. Stauber has co-authored five books about government propaganda, private interests and the public relations industry. His work includes one book about how industry manipulates science (*Trust Us, We\'re Experts*), one about the history and current scope of the publ... | 285 | John Stauber | 0 |
16,569 | # James P. Hogan (writer)
**James Patrick Hogan** (27 June 1941 -- 12 July 2010) was a British science fiction author. His major works include the *Giants* series of five novels published between 1977 and 2005.
## Biography
Hogan was born in London, England. He was raised in the Portobello Road area on the west side... | 418 | James P. Hogan (writer) | 0 |
16,610 | # Koto (instrument)
The `{{nihongo|'''koto'''|[[wikt:箏|箏]] or [[wikt:琴|琴]]}}`{=mediawiki} is a Japanese plucked half-tube zither instrument, and the national instrument of Japan. It is derived from the Chinese `{{transliteration|zh|[[guzheng|zheng]]}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{transliteration|zh|[[se (instrument)|se]]}}`{=m... | 303 | Koto (instrument) | 0 |
16,610 | # Koto (instrument)
## History
The ancestor of the koto was the Chinese `{{transliteration|zh|[[guzheng]]}}`{=mediawiki}. It was first introduced to Japan from China in the 7th and 8th centuries. The first known version had five strings, which eventually increased to seven strings. The Japanese koto belongs to the As... | 884 | Koto (instrument) | 1 |
16,610 | # Koto (instrument)
## Construction
A koto is typically made of Paulownia wood (known as `{{transliteration|ja|kiri}}`{=mediawiki}), although treatment of the wood varies tremendously between artisans. A koto may or may not be adorned. Adornments include inlays of ivory and ebony, tortoise shell, metal figures, etc. ... | 696 | Koto (instrument) | 2 |
16,610 | # Koto (instrument)
## Koto today {#koto_today}
The influence of Western pop music has made the koto less prominent in Japan, although it is still developing as an instrument. The 17-string bass koto (`{{transliteration|ja|jūshichi-gen}}`{=mediawiki}) has become more prominent over the years since its development by ... | 749 | Koto (instrument) | 3 |
16,629 | # KDE
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 383, column 3):
unexpected '-'
{|- class="wikitable floatright"
^
`` | 18 | KDE | 0 |
16,644 | # Geography of Kazakhstan
thumb\|upright=1.5\|Detailed map of Kazakhstan
**Kazakhstan** is located in Central Asia, with a small portion in Eastern Europe. With an area of about 2724900 km2 Kazakhstan is the ninth largest country in the world, more than twice the combined size of the other four Central Asian states a... | 393 | Geography of Kazakhstan | 0 |
16,644 | # Geography of Kazakhstan
## Topography and drainage {#topography_and_drainage}
There is considerable topographical variation within Kazakhstan. The highest point is the top of the mountain Khan Tengri, on the Kyrgyz and Chinese border in the Tian Shan range, with an elevation of 6995 m (7010 m with ice cap) above se... | 397 | Geography of Kazakhstan | 1 |
16,644 | # Geography of Kazakhstan
## Climate
thumb\|upright=1.3\|Kazakhstan map of Köppen climate classification. The climate of Kazakhstan consists of mostly continental, semi-arid, and cold desert climates. In summer the temperatures average more than 30 °C and in winter average -9 °C.
The climatic charts seen below are s... | 471 | Geography of Kazakhstan | 2 |
16,644 | # Geography of Kazakhstan
## Environmental problems {#environmental_problems}
thumb\|upright=1.25\|Portions of Kazakhstan (top) and Kyrgyzstan at the bottom. The lake at the top of the image is Lake Balkhash. The environment of Kazakhstan has been badly damaged by human activity. Most of the water in Kazakhstan is po... | 887 | Geography of Kazakhstan | 3 |
16,646 | # Politics of Kazakhstan
The **politics of Kazakhstan** takes place in the framework of a semi-presidential republic, whereby the President of Kazakhstan is head of state and nominates the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two... | 851 | Politics of Kazakhstan | 0 |
16,646 | # Politics of Kazakhstan
## International organization participation {#international_organization_participation}
In 1999, Kazakhstan applied for observer status at the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly. The official response of the Assembly was that Kazakhstan could apply for full membership, because it is par... | 112 | Politics of Kazakhstan | 1 |
16,653 | # History of Kenya
A part of Eastern Africa, the territory of what is known as Kenya has seen human habitation since the beginning of the Lower Paleolithic. The Bantu expansion from a West African centre of dispersal reached the area by the 1st millennium AD. With the borders of the modern state at the crossroads of t... | 501 | History of Kenya | 0 |
16,653 | # History of Kenya
## Paleolithic
Fossils found in Kenya have shown that primates inhabited the area for more than 20 million years. In 1929, the first evidence of the presence of ancient early human ancestors in Kenya was discovered when Louis Leakey unearthed one million year old Acheulian handaxes at the Kariandus... | 463 | History of Kenya | 1 |
16,653 | # History of Kenya
## Neolithic
The first inhabitants of present-day Kenya were hunter-gatherer groups, akin to the modern Khoisan speakers. The Kansyore culture, dating from the mid 5th millennium BCE to the 1st millennium BCE was one of East Africa\'s earliest ceramic producing group of hunter-gatherers. This cultu... | 377 | History of Kenya | 2 |
16,653 | # History of Kenya
## Iron Age {#iron_age}
Evidence suggests that autochthonous Iron production developed in West Africa as early as 3000--2500 BCE. The ancestors of Bantu speakers migrated in waves from west/central Africa to populate much of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa from the first millennium BC. They b... | 382 | History of Kenya | 3 |
16,653 | # History of Kenya
## Swahili culture and trade {#swahili_culture_and_trade}
Swahili people inhabit the **Swahili coast** which is the coastal area of the Indian Ocean in Southeast Africa. It includes the coastal areas of Southern Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania and Northern Mozambique with numerous islands, cities and town... | 930 | History of Kenya | 4 |
16,653 | # History of Kenya
## Portuguese and Omani influences {#portuguese_and_omani_influences}
Portuguese explorers appeared on the East African coast at the end of the 15th century. The Portuguese did not intend to found settlements, but to establish naval bases that would give Portugal control over the Indian Ocean. Afte... | 493 | History of Kenya | 5 |
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