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20,734 | # Microlith
## Weapons and tools {#weapons_and_tools}
Not all the different types of laminar microliths had functions that are clearly understood. It is likely that they contributed to the points of spears or light projectiles, and their small size suggests that they were fixed in some way to a shaft or handle.
Back... | 366 | Microlith | 3 |
20,734 | # Microlith
## Discoveries
### Australia
The most common form of microliths found in Australia are backed artefacts. The earliest backed artefacts have been dated to the terminal Pleistocene, however they become increasingly common in Aboriginal Australian societies in the mid-Holocene, before declining in use and d... | 1,085 | Microlith | 4 |
20,736 | # Pointing device gesture
In computing, a **pointing device gesture** or **mouse gesture** (or simply **gesture**) is a way of combining pointing device or finger movements and clicks that the software recognizes as a specific computer event and responds to accordingly. They can be useful for people who have difficult... | 831 | Pointing device gesture | 0 |
20,736 | # Pointing device gesture
## Drawbacks
A major drawback of current gesture interaction solutions is the lack of support for two necessary user interface design principles, feedback and visibility (or affordance). Feedback notification is required to indicate whether the gesture has been entered correctly by indicatin... | 317 | Pointing device gesture | 1 |
20,741 | # Michael Halliday
**Michael Alexander Kirkwood Halliday** (often **M. A. K. Halliday**; 13 April 1925 -- 15 April 2018) was a British linguist who developed the internationally influential systemic functional linguistics (SFL) model of language. His grammatical descriptions go by the name of systemic functional gramm... | 312 | Michael Halliday | 0 |
20,741 | # Michael Halliday
## Biography
Halliday was born and raised in England. His parents nurtured his fascination for language: his mother, Winifred, had studied French, and his father, Wilfred, was a dialectologist, a dialect poet, and an English teacher with a love for grammar and Elizabethan drama. In 1942, Halliday v... | 495 | Michael Halliday | 1 |
20,741 | # Michael Halliday
## Linguistic theory and description {#linguistic_theory_and_description}
Halliday\'s grammatical theory and descriptions gained wide recognition after the publication of the first edition of his book *An Introduction to Functional Grammar* in 1985. A second edition was published in 1994, and then ... | 326 | Michael Halliday | 2 |
20,741 | # Michael Halliday
## Studies of grammar {#studies_of_grammar}
### Fundamental categories {#fundamental_categories}
Halliday\'s first major work on grammar was \"Categories of the Theory of Grammar\", in the journal *Word* in 1961. In this paper, he argued for four \"fundamental categories\" in grammar: *unit*, *str... | 670 | Michael Halliday | 3 |
20,741 | # Michael Halliday
## Studies in child language development {#studies_in_child_language_development}
In enumerating his claims about the trajectory of children\'s language development, Halliday eschews the metaphor of \"acquisition\", in which language is considered a static product that the child takes on when suffi... | 409 | Michael Halliday | 4 |
20,741 | # Michael Halliday
## Ordered typology of systems {#ordered_typology_of_systems}
Halliday proposed an **ordered typology of systems** to account for different types of complex systems operating in different phenomenal realms.
He proposed four types of system, in order of increasing complexity---systems of a higher o... | 342 | Michael Halliday | 5 |
20,751 | # Mustafa Altıoklar
**Mustafa Altıoklar** (born 1958) is a Turkish film director, producer and screenwriter. He is the chairman of the Turkish Film Directors Association and is fluent in English. Although he graduated from the medical faculty of Istanbul University and specialised in physiotherapy, he decided to pursu... | 154 | Mustafa Altıoklar | 0 |
20,757 | # Miguel de Icaza
**Miguel de Icaza** (born November 23, 1972) is a Mexican-American programmer and activist, best known for starting the GNOME, Mono, and Xamarin projects.
## Biography
### Early years {#early_years}
De Icaza was born in Mexico City and studied Mathematics at the National Autonomous University of M... | 793 | Miguel de Icaza | 0 |
20,757 | # Miguel de Icaza
## Personal life {#personal_life}
De Icaza has had cameo appearances in the 2001 motion pictures *Antitrust* and *The Code.*
He married Maria Laura Soares da Silva (now Maria Laura de Icaza) in 2003. They have three children. He has been living in the state of Massachusetts for 20 years.
De Icaza ... | 89 | Miguel de Icaza | 1 |
20,775 | # Midas
**Midas** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|aɪ|d|ə|s}}`{=mediawiki}; *Μίδας*) was a king of Phrygia with whom many myths became associated, as well as two later members of the Phrygian royal house.
His father was Gordias, and his mother was Cybele. The most famous **King Midas** is popularly remembered in Greek mythology for h... | 719 | Midas | 0 |
20,775 | # Midas
## Mythological Midas {#mythological_midas}
### Golden Touch {#golden_touch}
One day, as Ovid relates in *Metamorphoses* XI, Dionysus found that his old schoolmaster and foster father, the satyr Silenus, was missing. The old satyr had been drinking wine and wandered away drunk, to be found by some Phrygian pe... | 473 | Midas | 1 |
20,775 | # Midas
## Mythological Midas {#mythological_midas}
### Ears of a donkey {#ears_of_a_donkey}
Midas, now hating wealth and splendor, moved to the country and became a worshipper of Pan, the god of the fields and satyrs. Roman mythographers asserted that his tutor in music was Orpheus.
Once, Pan had the audacity to co... | 950 | Midas | 2 |
20,775 | # Midas
## Midas (8th century BC) {#midas_8th_century_bc}
Another King Midas ruled Phrygia in the late 8th century BC, up until the sacking of Gordium by the Cimmerians, when he is said to have committed suicide. Most historians believe this Midas is the same person as the *Mita*, called king of the Mushki in Assyria... | 466 | Midas | 3 |
20,775 | # Midas
## Midas (6th century BC) {#midas_6th_century_bc}
A third Midas is said by Herodotus to have been a member of the royal house of Phrygia and the grandfather of Adrastus, son of Gordias who fled Phrygia after accidentally killing his brother and took asylum in Lydia during the reign of Croesus. Phrygia was by ... | 87 | Midas | 4 |
20,781 | # Monoid ring
In abstract algebra, a **monoid ring** is a ring constructed from a ring and a monoid, just as a group ring is constructed from a ring and a group.
## Definition
Let *R* be a ring and let *G* be a monoid. The monoid ring or **monoid algebra** of *G* over *R*, denoted *R*\[*G*\] or *RG*, is the set of f... | 497 | Monoid ring | 0 |
20,790 | # Mary, mother of John Mark
**Mary, mother of John Mark** -- commonly associated with Mark the Evangelist -- is mentioned in the New Testament of the Christian Bible, in Acts 12:12, where it is said that, after his escape from prison, Peter went to her house: \"When he realized this, he went to the house of Mary, the ... | 136 | Mary, mother of John Mark | 0 |
20,799 | # MMIX
**MMIX** (pronounced *em-mix*) is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) architecture designed by Donald Knuth, with significant contributions by John L. Hennessy (who contributed to the design of the MIPS architecture) and Richard L. Sites (who was an architect of the Alpha architecture). Knuth has s... | 434 | MMIX | 0 |
20,799 | # MMIX
## Architecture
### Registers
There are 256 directly addressable general-purpose architectural registers in an MMIX chip, designated by \$0 through \$255, and 32 special-purpose architectural registers. The special-purpose registers can be accessed with the GET and PUT instructions. Two of the special register... | 1,047 | MMIX | 1 |
20,799 | # MMIX
## Software tools {#software_tools}
The MMIX instruction set architecture is supported by a number of software tools for computer architecture research and software development.
### Simulators and assembler {#simulators_and_assembler}
- MMIXware -- Donald Knuth\'s MMIX-SIM simple (behavioral) simulator, MM... | 215 | MMIX | 2 |
20,815 | # Mayerling
**Mayerling** is a small village (pop. 200) in Lower Austria belonging to the municipality of Alland in the district of Baden. It is situated on the Schwechat river, in the Wienerwald (*Vienna woods*), 24 km southwest of Vienna. From 1550, it was in the possession of the abbey of Heiligenkreuz.
## The May... | 333 | Mayerling | 0 |
20,816 | # Musical keyboard
upright=1.35\|thumb\|Layout of a musical keyboard (all octaves shown)
A **musical keyboard** is the set of adjacent depressible levers or keys on a musical instrument. Keyboards typically contain keys for playing the twelve notes of the Western musical scale, with a combination of larger, longer ke... | 478 | Musical keyboard | 0 |
20,816 | # Musical keyboard
## Size and historical variation {#size_and_historical_variation}
The chromatic range (also called *compass*) of keyboard instruments has tended to increase. Harpsichords often extended over five octaves (\>60 keys) in the 18th century, while most pianos manufactured since about 1870 have 88 keys. ... | 1,078 | Musical keyboard | 1 |
20,816 | # Musical keyboard
## Playing techniques {#playing_techniques}
Despite their visual similarity, different keyboard instrument types require different techniques. The piano hammer mechanism produces a louder note the faster the key is pressed, while the harpsichord\'s plectrum mechanism does not perceptibly vary the v... | 398 | Musical keyboard | 2 |
20,816 | # Musical keyboard
## Other uses {#other_uses}
A number of percussion instruments---such as the xylophone, marimba, vibraphone, or glockenspiel--- have pitched elements arranged in the keyboard layout. Rather than pressing a key, the performer typically strikes each element (e.g., a metal or wood bar) with a mallet.
... | 178 | Musical keyboard | 3 |
20,817 | # Musical tuning
In music, there are two common meanings for **tuning**:
- Tuning practice, the act of tuning an instrument or voice.
- Tuning systems, the various systems of pitches used to tune an instrument, and their theoretical bases.
## Tuning practice {#tuning_practice}
**Tuning** is the process of adjus... | 572 | Musical tuning | 0 |
20,817 | # Musical tuning
## Tuning practice {#tuning_practice}
### Open strings {#open_strings}
In music, the term **open string** refers to the fundamental note of the unstopped, full string.
The strings of a guitar are normally tuned to fourths (excepting the G and B strings in standard tuning, which are tuned to a third)... | 866 | Musical tuning | 1 |
20,817 | # Musical tuning
## Tuning systems {#tuning_systems}
A *tuning system* is the system used to define which tones, or pitches, to use when playing music. In other words, it is the choice of number and spacing of frequency values used.
Due to the psychoacoustic interaction of tones and timbres, various tone combination... | 1,247 | Musical tuning | 2 |
20,824 | # Modula
The **Modula** programming language is a descendant of the Pascal language. It was developed in Switzerland, at ETH Zurich, in the mid-1970s by Niklaus Wirth, the same person who designed Pascal. The main innovation of Modula over Pascal is a module system, used for grouping sets of related declarations into ... | 134 | Modula | 0 |
20,825 | # Monolithic kernel
A **monolithic kernel** is an operating system architecture with the entire operating system running in kernel space. The monolithic model differs from other architectures such as the microkernel in that it alone defines a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware. A set of primitives or ... | 319 | Monolithic kernel | 0 |
20,832 | # Manifesto
A **manifesto** is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government. A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent manifestos---such as *The Communist Manifesto* (1848) and th... | 147 | Manifesto | 0 |
20,834 | # Menilite
**Menilite** is a greyish-brown form of the mineraloid opal. It is also known as *liver opal* or *leberopal* (German), due to its color. It is called menilite because it was first described from Ménilmontant (Paris), France, where it occurs as concretions within bituminous Early Oligocene Menilite Shales | 49 | Menilite | 0 |
20,837 | # Ignition magneto
An **ignition magneto** (also called a **high-tension magneto**) is an older type of ignition system used in spark-ignition engines (such as petrol engines). It uses a magneto and a transformer to make pulses of high voltage for the spark plugs. The older term \"high-tension\" means \"high-voltage\"... | 646 | Ignition magneto | 0 |
20,841 | # Music radio
**Music radio** is a radio format in which music is the main broadcast content. After television replaced old time radio\'s dramatic content, music formats became dominant in many countries. Radio drama and comedy continue, often on public radio.
Music drives radio technology, including wide-band FM, mo... | 941 | Music radio | 0 |
20,841 | # Music radio
## Programming by time {#programming_by_time}
Most music stations have DJs who play music from a playlist determined by the program director, arranged by blocks of time. Though practices differ by region and format, what follows is a typical arrangement in a North American urban commercial radio station... | 738 | Music radio | 1 |
20,841 | # Music radio
## Music formats {#music_formats}
Some well-known music-radio formats are *Top 40*, *Freeform Rock* and *AOR (Album Oriented Rock)*. It turns out that most other stations (such as Rhythm & Blues) use a variation of one of these formats with a different playlist. The way stations advertise themselves is ... | 991 | Music radio | 2 |
20,841 | # Music radio
## Music formats {#music_formats}
### Oldies, standards, and classic rock {#oldies_standards_and_classic_rock}
Classic rock or oldies formats have been described as having the weakness of not playing new artists. This is true in a creative sense, but not a commercial one. Conventional wisdom in the radi... | 822 | Music radio | 3 |
20,841 | # Music radio
## Music formats {#music_formats}
### Regional Mexican {#regional_mexican}
Regional Mexican is a Latin music radio format, typically including Banda, Conjunto, Corridos, Duranguense, Grupero, Huapango, Mariachi, New Mexico music, Norteña, Ranchera, and Tejano music. It is the most popular radio format t... | 730 | Music radio | 4 |
20,841 | # Music radio
## Music formats {#music_formats}
### Country
While stereotyped as rural music, the Country music format is common and popular throughout the United States and in some other countries (particularly Canada and Australia, both of which share much of the same Anglo-Saxon and Celtic roots as the United Stat... | 371 | Music radio | 5 |
20,841 | # Music radio
## Music formats {#music_formats}
### Urban (hip-hop/R&B) {#urban_hip_hoprb}
The explosive rise in popularity during the 1980s of rap music has led to a large number of radio stations specializing in rap/hip-hop and R&B music (with the exception of classic R&B such as Motown, which is as often as not th... | 309 | Music radio | 6 |
20,841 | # Music radio
## Public, commercial and community radio {#public_commercial_and_community_radio}
### Public radio formats {#public_radio_formats}
Some music radio is broadcast by public service organizations, such as National Public Radio or the BBC. In the United States, public radio is typically confined to three ... | 732 | Music radio | 7 |
20,841 | # Music radio
## Regional differences {#regional_differences}
Outside of English-speaking world, several radio formats built around local musical genres are popular. Examples include Portuguese Fado, Spanish-speaking Mexican Regional, Reggaeton and tejano, French Cajun (especially in French Louisiana), Russian Shanso... | 282 | Music radio | 8 |
20,841 | # Music radio
## Music radio and culture {#music_radio_and_culture}
Music radio, particularly top 40, has often acted as both a barometer and an arbiter of musical taste, and radio airplay is one of the defining measures of success in the mainstream musical world. In fact, the rise of rock music to popularity is inti... | 311 | Music radio | 9 |
20,857 | # Masonry
**Masonry** is the craft of building a structure with brick, stone, or similar material, including mortar plastering which are often laid in, bound, and pasted together by mortar. The term *masonry* can also refer to the building units (stone, brick, etc.) themselves.
The common materials of masonry constru... | 441 | Masonry | 0 |
20,857 | # Masonry
## Applications
### Structural limitations {#structural_limitations}
One problem with masonry walls is that they rely mainly on their weight to keep them in place; each block or brick is only loosely connected to the next via a thin layer of mortar. This is why they do not perform well in earthquakes, when ... | 361 | Masonry | 1 |
20,857 | # Masonry
## Brick
Solid brickwork is made of two or more wythes of bricks with the units running horizontally (called *stretcher* bricks) bound together with bricks running transverse to the wall (called \"header\" bricks). Each row of bricks is known as a course. The pattern of headers and stretchers employed gives... | 322 | Masonry | 2 |
20,857 | # Masonry
## Concrete block {#concrete_block}
Blocks of cinder concrete (*cinder blocks* or *breezeblocks*), ordinary concrete (*concrete blocks*), or hollow tile are generically known as Concrete Masonry Units (CMUs). They usually are much larger than ordinary bricks and so are much faster to lay for a wall of a giv... | 830 | Masonry | 3 |
20,857 | # Masonry
## Passive fire protection (PFP) {#passive_fire_protection_pfp}
Masonry walls have an endothermic effect of its hydrates, as in chemically bound water, unbound moisture from the concrete block, and the poured concrete if the hollow cores inside the blocks are filled. Masonry can withstand temperatures up to... | 170 | Masonry | 4 |
20,875 | # Melancholia
**Melancholia** or **melancholy** (from *µέλαινα χολή* *`{{Transliteration|el|melaina chole}}`{=mediawiki}*, meaning **black bile**) is a concept found throughout ancient, medieval, and premodern medicine in Europe that describes a condition characterized by markedly depressed mood, bodily complaints, an... | 421 | Melancholia | 0 |
20,875 | # Melancholia
## Early history {#early_history}
The name \"melancholia\" comes from the old medical belief of the four humours: disease or ailment being caused by an imbalance in one or more of the four basic bodily liquids, or humours. Personality types were similarly determined by the dominant humor in a particular... | 950 | Melancholia | 1 |
20,875 | # Melancholia
## English cultural movement {#english_cultural_movement}
During the later 16th and early 17th centuries, a curious cultural and literary cult of melancholia arose in England. In an influential 1964 essay in Apollo, art historian Roy Strong traced the origins of this fashionable melancholy to the though... | 519 | Melancholia | 2 |
20,875 | # Melancholia
## Modern connotations {#modern_connotations}
Until the 18th century, writings on melancholia were mainly concerned with beliefs that were considered abnormal, rather than affective symptoms.
Melancholia was a category that \"the well-to-do, the sedentary, and the studious were even more liable to be p... | 1,173 | Melancholia | 3 |
20,876 | # Mimosa
***Mimosa*** is a genus of about 600 species of herbs and shrubs, in the mimosoid clade of the legume family Fabaceae. Species are native to the Americas, from North Dakota to northern Argentina, and to eastern Africa (Tanzania, Mozambique, and Madagascar) as well as the Indian subcontinent and Indochina. The... | 379 | Mimosa | 0 |
20,876 | # Mimosa
## Species
There are about 590 species including:
- *Mimosa aculeaticarpa* Ortega
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- *Mimosa andina* Benth.
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- *Mimosa arenosa* (Willd.) Poir.
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- *Mimosa asperata* L.
- *Mimosa borealis* Gray
- *Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia* Ben... | 322 | Mimosa | 1 |
20,879 | # Manhattan (cocktail)
*Manhattan Cocktail* (film)}} `{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox cocktail
| iba = yes
| name = Manhattan
| sourcelink = manhattan
| image = Manhattan_Cocktail2.jpg
| caption = A classic 2:1 Manhattan, made with a whisky, sweet vermouth, bitters an... | 658 | Manhattan (cocktail) | 0 |
20,879 | # Manhattan (cocktail)
## Variations
Traditional views insist that a Manhattan be made with American rye whiskey. However it can also be made with bourbon or Canadian whisky. The Manhattan is subject to considerable variation and innovation, and is often a way for the best bartenders to show off their creativity. Som... | 506 | Manhattan (cocktail) | 1 |
20,890 | # Malcolm I of Scotland
**Máel Coluim mac Domnaill** (anglicised **Malcolm I**; 5 October 897 -- 954) was king of Alba (before 943--954), becoming king when his cousin Constantine II abdicated to become a monk. He was the son of Donald II.
## Biography
Malcolm was born in 897, the son of Donald II, who had reigned f... | 653 | Malcolm I of Scotland | 0 |
20,894 | # Maximum transmission unit
In computer networking, the **maximum transmission unit** (**MTU**) is the size of the largest protocol data unit (PDU) that can be communicated in a single network layer transaction.`{{Ref RFC|791|rp=25}}`{=mediawiki} The MTU relates to, but is not identical to the maximum frame size that ... | 458 | Maximum transmission unit | 0 |
20,894 | # Maximum transmission unit
## Internet protocol {#internet_protocol}
The Internet protocol suite was designed to work over many different networking technologies, each of which may use packets of different sizes. While a host will know the MTU of its own interface and possibly that of its peers (from initial handsha... | 867 | Maximum transmission unit | 1 |
20,894 | # Maximum transmission unit
## Internet protocol {#internet_protocol}
### Path MTU Discovery {#path_mtu_discovery}
The Internet Protocol defines the *path MTU* of an Internet transmission path as the smallest MTU supported by any of the hops on the path between a source and destination. Put another way, the path MTU ... | 578 | Maximum transmission unit | 2 |
20,895 | # MV Buffalo Soldier
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 4, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{Infobox ship image
^
`` | 20 | MV Buffalo Soldier | 0 |
20,906 | # Mole Day
**Mole Day** is an unofficial holiday celebrated among chemists, chemistry students, and chemistry enthusiasts on October 23 between 6:02 a.m. and 6:02 p.m., making the date 6:02 10/23 in either MDY or YMD date formats. The time and date are derived from the Avogadro constant, which is approximately `{{val|... | 191 | Mole Day | 0 |
20,932 | # Martin Helwig
**Martin Helwig** (*Martino Heilwig*) (5 November 1516 -- 26 January 1574) was a German cartographer of Silesia and pedagogue. He was born in Neisse and died in Breslau, Holy Roman Empire.
## Life
A former pupil of an eminent German scholar and educationist Valentin Friedland, Helwig went on to study... | 240 | Martin Helwig | 0 |
20,934 | # Macro virus
In computing terminology, a **macro virus** is a virus that is written in a macro language: a programming language which is embedded inside a software application (e.g., word processors and spreadsheet applications). Some applications, such as Microsoft Office, Excel, PowerPoint allow macro programs to b... | 590 | Macro virus | 0 |
20,941 | # Metabolic pathway
In biochemistry, a **metabolic pathway** is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. The reactants, products, and intermediates of an enzymatic reaction are known as metabolites, which are modified by a sequence of chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes. In most cases of a me... | 314 | Metabolic pathway | 0 |
20,941 | # Metabolic pathway
## Overview
Each metabolic pathway consists of a series of biochemical reactions that are connected by their intermediates: the products of one reaction are the substrates for subsequent reactions, and so on. Metabolic pathways are often considered to flow in one direction. Although all chemical r... | 276 | Metabolic pathway | 1 |
20,941 | # Metabolic pathway
## Major metabolic pathways {#major_metabolic_pathways}
### Catabolic pathway (catabolism) {#catabolic_pathway_catabolism}
A **catabolic pathway** is a series of reactions that bring about a net release of energy in the form of a high energy phosphate bond formed with the energy carriers adenosin... | 819 | Metabolic pathway | 2 |
20,941 | # Metabolic pathway
## Clinical applications in targeting metabolic pathways {#clinical_applications_in_targeting_metabolic_pathways}
### Targeting oxidative phosphorylation {#targeting_oxidative_phosphorylation}
Metabolic pathways can be targeted for clinically therapeutic uses. Within the mitochondrial metabolic n... | 704 | Metabolic pathway | 3 |
20,964 | # Martin Lowry
**Thomas Martin Lowry** `{{postnominals|CBE|FRS}}`{=mediawiki} (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|aʊ|r|i}}`{=mediawiki}; 26 October 1874 -- 2 November 1936) was an English physical chemist who developed the Brønsted--Lowry acid--base theory simultaneously with and independently of Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and was a foun... | 423 | Martin Lowry | 0 |
20,995 | # Province of Massa-Carrara
The **province of Massa-Carrara** (*provincia di Massa-Carrara*) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. It is named after the provincial capital Massa, and Carrara, the other main town in the province.
## History
The province of \"Massa e Carrara\" was born in 1859 from the separat... | 608 | Province of Massa-Carrara | 0 |
21,009 | # Marsh gas
**Marsh gas**, also known as **swamp gas** or **bog gas**, is a mixture primarily of methane and smaller amounts of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and trace phosphine that is produced naturally within some geographical marshes, swamps, and bogs.
The surface of marshes, swamps, and bogs is initially por... | 540 | Marsh gas | 0 |
21,012 | # Merseburg
**Merseburg** (`{{IPA|de|ˈmɛʁzəbʊʁk|-|De-Merseburg.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a town in central Germany in southern Saxony-Anhalt, situated on the river Saale, and approximately 14 km south of Halle (Saale) and 30 km west of Leipzig. It is the capital of the Saalekreis district. It had a diocese founded by Arc... | 402 | Merseburg | 0 |
21,012 | # Merseburg
## History
### 17th century to 20th century {#th_century_to_20th_century}
From 1657 to 1738 Merseburg was the residence of the Dukes of Saxe-Merseburg, after which it fell to the Electorate of Saxony. In 1815 following the Napoleonic Wars, the town became part of the Prussian Province of Saxony.
Mersebur... | 435 | Merseburg | 1 |
21,012 | # Merseburg
## Sights
Among the notable buildings of Merseburg are the Merseburg Cathedral of St John the Baptist (founded 1015, rebuilt in the 13th and 16th centuries) and the episcopal palace (15th century). The cathedral-and-palace ensemble also features a palace garden.
Other sights include the Merseburg House o... | 204 | Merseburg | 2 |
21,028 | # Mach (kernel)
**Mach** (`{{IPAc-en|m|ɑː|k}}`{=mediawiki}) is an operating system kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University by Richard Rashid and Avie Tevanian to support operating system research, primarily distributed and parallel computing. Mach is often considered one of the earliest examples of a microkerne... | 645 | Mach (kernel) | 0 |
21,028 | # Mach (kernel)
## History
### New concepts {#new_concepts}
Unix pipes offered a conceptual system that could be used to build arbitrarily complex solutions out of small cooperating programs. These smaller programs were easier to develop and maintain, and had well-defined interfaces that simplified programming and de... | 443 | Mach (kernel) | 1 |
21,028 | # Mach (kernel)
## History
### Mach
The major change between these experimental kernels and Mach was the decision to make a version of the existing 4.2BSD kernel re-implemented on the Accent message-passing concepts. Such a kernel would be binary compatible with existing BSD software, making the system immediately av... | 1,239 | Mach (kernel) | 2 |
21,028 | # Mach (kernel)
## History
### Development
Mach was initially hosted as additional code written directly into the existing 4.2BSD kernel, allowing the team to work on the system long before it was complete. Work started with the already functional Accent IPC/port system, and moved on to the other key portions of the ... | 528 | Mach (kernel) | 3 |
21,028 | # Mach (kernel)
## History
### Performance issues {#performance_issues}
Mach was originally intended to be a replacement for classical monolithic UNIX, and for this reason contained many UNIX-like ideas. For instance, Mach provided a permissions and security system similar to that used by UNIX\'s file system. Since t... | 886 | Mach (kernel) | 4 |
21,028 | # Mach (kernel)
## History
### Potential solutions {#potential_solutions}
IPC overhead is a major issue for Mach 3 systems. However, the concept of a *multi-server operating system* is still promising, though it still requires some research. The developers have to be careful to isolate code into modules that do not c... | 422 | Mach (kernel) | 5 |
21,028 | # Mach (kernel)
## History
### Second-generation microkernels {#second_generation_microkernels}
Further analysis demonstrated that the IPC performance problem was not as obvious as it seemed. Recall that a single-side of a syscall took 20μs under BSD and 114μs on Mach running on the same system. Of the 114, 11 were d... | 401 | Mach (kernel) | 6 |
21,030 | # Musical chairs
**Musical chairs**, also known as **Trip to Jerusalem**, is a game of elimination involving players, chairs, and music. It is a staple of many parties worldwide.
## Gameplay
A set of chairs is arranged in a circle with one fewer chair than the number of players (i.e. nine players would use eight cha... | 435 | Musical chairs | 0 |
21,031 | # Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)
**Michael Kenneth Moore** `{{post-nominals|country=NZL|size=100%|ONZ}}`{=mediawiki} `{{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|AOh}}`{=mediawiki} `{{post-nominals|country=NZL|size=100%|PC}}`{=mediawiki} (28 January 1949 -- 2 February 2020) was a New Zealand politician, union organiser... | 300 | Mike Moore (New Zealand politician) | 0 |
21,031 | # Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)
## Political career {#political_career}
### Member of Parliament {#member_of_parliament}
Moore began his parliamentary career when elected as the MP for Eden in 1972, becoming the youngest MP at 23 years of age, where he served for one term before being defeated in the `{{NZ ele... | 1,013 | Mike Moore (New Zealand politician) | 1 |
21,031 | # Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)
## Political career {#political_career}
### Prime Minister (1990) {#prime_minister_1990}
Moore became Prime Minister for 60 days, having convinced the Labour caucus that, while he could not win the election for Labour, he would help save more seats than had they remained led by P... | 1,058 | Mike Moore (New Zealand politician) | 2 |
21,031 | # Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)
## Later life and death {#later_life_and_death}
Moore became New Zealand Ambassador to the United States in 2010. He had a heart valve operation in 2014 and was admitted to hospital in Washington DC in April 2015 after a mild stroke. In November 2015, he announced that he would l... | 318 | Mike Moore (New Zealand politician) | 3 |
21,032 | # Mohism
`{{Infobox Chinese
|title=Mojia
|c=墨家
|l=School of Mo
|p=Mòjiā
|tp=Mò-jia
|w={{tone superscript|Mo4-chia1}}
|mi={{IPAc-cmn|m|o|4|.|j|ia|1}}
|bpmf=ㄇㄛˋ ㄐㄧㄚ
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Chinese folk religion}}`{=mediawiki} **Mohism** or **Moism** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|oʊ|ɪ|z|əm}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{zh|c=墨家|p=Mòjiā|l=School of Mo}... | 521 | Mohism | 0 |
21,032 | # Mohism
## Overview
Mohism is best known for the concept popularly translated as \"universal love\" (`{{zh|c=兼愛 |p=jiān ài |l=inclusive love/care}}`{=mediawiki}). According to Edward Craig, a more accurate translation for *兼愛* is \"impartial care\" because Mozi was more concerned with ethics than morality, as the la... | 737 | Mohism | 1 |
21,032 | # Mohism
## Overview
### Meritocratic government {#meritocratic_government}
Mozi was opposed to nepotism that was a social norm of that time, this mindset allowed the assignment of important government responsibilities to one\'s relatives, regardless of capabilities, as opposed to those who were best equipped to hand... | 565 | Mohism | 2 |
21,032 | # Mohism
## Overview
### Supernatural forces {#supernatural_forces}
Rulers of the period often ritually assigned punishments and rewards to their subjects in spiritually important places to garner the attention of these spirits and ensure that justice was done. The respect of these spirits was deemed so important tha... | 404 | Mohism | 3 |
21,032 | # Mohism
## Overview
### Against ostentation {#against_ostentation}
By the time of Mozi, Chinese rulers and the wealthier citizens already had the practice of extravagant burial rituals. Much wealth was buried with the dead, and ritualistic mourning could be as extreme as walking on a stick hunchback for three years ... | 361 | Mohism | 4 |
21,032 | # Mohism
## Mathematics
The Mohist canon (*Mo Jing*) described various aspects of many fields associated with physical science, and provided a small wealth of information on mathematics as well. It provided an \'atomic\' definition of the geometric point, stating that a line is separated into parts, and the part whic... | 678 | Mohism | 5 |
21,040 | # Mafic
A **mafic** mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain ca... | 478 | Mafic | 0 |
21,047 | # Military ordinariate
A **military ordinariate** is an ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church, of the Latin or an Eastern church, responsible for the pastoral care of Catholics serving in the armed forces of a nation.
Until 1986, they were called \"military vicariates\" and had a status similar to that o... | 205 | Military ordinariate | 0 |
21,051 | # Aurel Stein
**Sir Marc Aurel Stein**, `{{post-nominals|country=GBR|commas=on|KCIE|FRAS|FBA|size=100%}}`{=mediawiki} (*Stein Márk Aurél*; 26 November 1862 -- 26 October 1943) was a Hungarian-born British archaeologist, primarily known for his explorations and archaeological discoveries in Central Asia. He was also a ... | 273 | Aurel Stein | 0 |
21,051 | # Aurel Stein
## Expeditions
### Genesis
Stein was influenced by Sven Hedin\'s 1898 work *Through Asia*. In June 1898, he sought the help of Hoernle and a collaboration to find and study Central Asian antiquities. Hoernle was enthusiastic as he had already deciphered the Bower Manuscript and Weber Manuscript by then... | 940 | Aurel Stein | 1 |
21,051 | # Aurel Stein
## Great Game {#great_game}
Stein, as well as his rivals Sven Hedin, Sir Francis Younghusband and Nikolai Przhevalsky, were active players in the British-Russian struggle for influence in Central Asia, the so-called Great Game. Their explorations were supported by the British and Russian Empires as they... | 401 | Aurel Stein | 2 |
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