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# Aurel Stein ## Publications - 1896\. \"Notes on the Ancient Topography of the Pīr Pantsāl Route.\" *Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal*, Vol. LXIV, Part I, No. 4, 1895. Calcutta 1896. - 1896\. *Notes on Ou-k\'ong\'s account of Kaçmir.* Wien: Gerold, 1896. Published in both English and German in Vienna. - ...
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# Michele Columbu **Michele Columbu** (8 February 1914 -- 10 July 2012) was an Italian politician and writer from Ollolai, Sardinia. For decades, between World War II and the 1970s he was the leader of the Sardinian Action Party (PSd\'Az), a Sardinian nationalist party calling for detachment from Italy and fiercely c...
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# Moral equivalence **Moral equivalence** is a term used in political debate, usually to deny that a moral comparison can be made of two sides in a conflict, or in the actions or tactics of two sides. The term had some currency in polemic debates about the Cold War. \"Moral equivalence\" began to be used as a polemic...
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# Constructivism (philosophy of mathematics) Constructivism}} In the philosophy of mathematics, **constructivism** asserts that it is necessary to find (or \"construct\") a specific example of a mathematical object in order to prove that an example exists. Contrastingly, in classical mathematics, one can prove the ex...
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# Constructivism (philosophy of mathematics) ## Constructive mathematics {#constructive_mathematics} ### Example from real analysis {#example_from_real_analysis} In classical real analysis, one way to define a real number is as an equivalence class of Cauchy sequences of rational numbers. In constructive mathematics...
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# Constructivism (philosophy of mathematics) ## The place of constructivism in mathematics {#the_place_of_constructivism_in_mathematics} Traditionally, some mathematicians have been suspicious, if not antagonistic, towards mathematical constructivism, largely because of limitations they believed it to pose for constr...
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# Constructivism (philosophy of mathematics) ## Mathematicians who have made major contributions to constructivism {#mathematicians_who_have_made_major_contributions_to_constructivism} - Leopold Kronecker (old constructivism, semi-intuitionism) - L. E. J. Brouwer (founder of intuitionism) - A. A
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# Magdalena of Saxony **Magdalena of Saxony** (7 March 1507 -- 25 January 1534) was Margravine of Brandenburg, as well as Electoral Princess of Brandenburg. She was the daughter of George *the Bearded*, Duke of Saxony and his wife Barbara. Magdalena\'s maternal grandparents were Casimir IV of Poland and Elisabeth of ...
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# Angel Moroni `{{Book of Mormon}}`{=mediawiki} The **angel Moroni** (`{{IPAc-en|m|oʊ|ˈ|r|oʊ|n|aɪ}}`{=mediawiki}) is an angel whom Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, reported as having visited him on numerous occasions, beginning on September 21, 1823. According to Smith, the angel Moroni was the ...
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# Angel Moroni ## Appearances to Joseph Smith and others {#appearances_to_joseph_smith_and_others} Smith said that on the night of September 21, 1823, Moroni appeared to him and told him about the golden plates that were buried in a stone box a few miles from Smith\'s home. Smith said that the same angel visited him ...
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# Angel Moroni ## Sculptors The Nauvoo Temple was the first Latter Day Saint temple to be crowned with a figure of an angel. This angel, not officially identified as Moroni, was a metal weathervane with gold leaf on the trumpet. It was designed by William Weeks (architect of the Nauvoo temple) and installed in Januar...
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# Vorkosigan Saga The **Vorkosigan Saga** is a series of science fiction novels and short stories set in a common fictional universe by American author Lois McMaster Bujold. The first of these was published in 1986 and the most recent in May 2018. Works in the series have received numerous awards and nominations, incl...
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# Vorkosigan Saga ## Background ### Military technology {#military_technology} As the series features a military background in several novels, special attention is paid to military technology. Ship-to-ship combat includes plasma rays and attacks based on gravity manipulation, and defensive countermeasures. Personal c...
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# Vorkosigan Saga ## Background ### Society The time required for wormhole jumps between planetary systems means travel and communication require time and effort which isolate each planet and allow it to develop its own culture, most of them derived to some extent from a culture known historically on Earth. For exam...
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# Vorkosigan Saga ## Background ### The Vorkosigans and Barrayar {#the_vorkosigans_and_barrayar} In all the books except *Ethan of Athos* and *Falling Free*, the protagonists are connected to the planet Barrayar, home of the Vorkosigan clan. For this planet Bujold devised a history which allowed for \"swords \'n\' sp...
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# Vorkosigan Saga ## Reception ### Awards and nominations {#awards_and_nominations} - *Falling Free* -- won the Nebula Award for Best Novel of 1988; inducted in 2014 into the Prometheus Hall of Fame for Best Classic Fiction; nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1989 - *The Mountains of Mourning* -- won...
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# Vorkosigan Saga ## Works The Saga\'s internal chronology does not match the order in which the books were written. Bujold has stated that she is generally in favor of reading the books in internal chronological order, with caveats. A more detailed chronology can be found in *The Vorkosigan Companion*. With the pub...
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# Vorkosigan Saga ## Works ### Individual titles {#individual_titles} #### \"Dreamweaver\'s Dilemma\" (short story) {#dreamweavers_dilemma_short_story} \"Dreamweaver\'s Dilemma\" is a short story set at the beginning of Earth\'s age of space colonization and genetic manipulation. It was published in the book of the ...
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# Vorkosigan Saga ## Works ### Individual titles {#individual_titles} #### *Brothers in Arms* {#brothers_in_arms} On the run from Cetagandans furious about his Dagoola IV escapade, Miles and his fleet reach the relative safety of Earth. When he reports to the Barrayaran Embassy there, he is made the Third Military At...
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# Mobilian Jargon **Mobilian Jargon** (also **Mobilian trade language**, **Mobilian Trade Jargon**, **Chickasaw--Choctaw trade language**, **Yamá**) was a pidgin used as a lingua franca among Native American groups living along the north coast of the Gulf of Mexico around the time of European settlement of the region....
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# Mobilian Jargon ## History ### Origins The accepted view of the origin is that it developed from contact with the French in the 18th century. But there is obscurity in that. It seems that there was a pre-European origin that is supported through its well-established use in diverse indigenous contexts, geographic o...
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# Mobilian Jargon ## History ### Revival When it was no longer needed as a spoken trade language, Mobilian was lost and eventually became extinct. It was first written about in the 1700s and was spoken until the 1950s. In the 1980s, elders in the Louisiana region could still recall a few words and phrases. In 2012, t...
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# Mobilian Jargon ## Phonology Bilabial Labio-Dental Dental/Alveolar Palatal Velar ----------- ----------- ---------- -------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- Plosive Voiceless p t c k Voiced ...
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# Telecommunications in the Netherlands This article is intended to give an overview of **telecommunications in the Netherlands**. ## Mail The postal service in the Netherlands is performed by PostNL in most cases---which has, as of 2008, a monopoly on letters lighter than 50 g. The monopoly is planned to expire in ...
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# Transport in the Netherlands The Netherlands is both a very densely populated and a highly developed country in which transport is a key factor of the economy. Correspondingly it has a very dense and modern infrastructure, facilitating transport with road, rail, air and water networks. In its Global Competitiveness ...
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# Transport in the Netherlands ## Road transport {#road_transport} *Main article: Road transport in the Netherlands* With 139,000 km of public roads, the Netherlands has one of the densest road networks in the world - much denser than Germany and France, but still not as dense as Belgium.{{#tag:ref\|Japan has the sam...
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# Transport in the Netherlands ## Cycling *Main article: Cycling in the Netherlands* Cycling is a ubiquitous mode of transport in the Netherlands. 27% of all trips are by bicycle - the highest modal share of any country in the world. Moreover: 36% of the Dutch list the bike as their most frequent mode of transport on...
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# Transport in the Netherlands ## Rail transport {#rail_transport} Most distance travelled on Dutch public transport goes by rail. Like many other European countries, the Netherlands has a dense railway network, totalling between 7,021 km and 7,300 km of track, or 3,013 *route* km, three quarters of which has been el...
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# Transport in the Netherlands ## Public transport {#public_transport} *Main article: Public transport in the Netherlands* For longer distances the main public transport in the Netherlands is the train. Long-distance buses are limited to a few missing railway connections. Regional and rural public transport, serving ...
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# Transport in the Netherlands ## Air travel {#air_travel} Air travel in the Netherlands peaked at a Dutch record number of over 81 million passengers in 2019. Amsterdam Schiphol Airport, located 9 km southwest of Amsterdam, is the main international airport in the Netherlands, and the third busiest airport in Europ...
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# Transport in the Netherlands ## Water transport {#water_transport} ### Ports and harbours {#ports_and_harbours} The Netherlands has thirteen seaports, three of which have international significance. Handling 440 million metric tons of cargo in 2013, the port of Rotterdam is the biggest port of Europe -- as big as ...
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# Transport in the Netherlands ## Economics Although transport economics is much more than just the economy of the transport sector itself, the latter is much easier to quantify. In 2012 the Dutch goods transport and storage sectors by themselves accounted for almost 400,000 full-time jobs, employing some 500,000 peo...
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# Drug policy of the Netherlands While recreational use, possession and trade of non-medicinal drugs described by the Opium Law are all technically illegal under Dutch law, official policy since the late 20th century has been to openly tolerate all recreational use while tolerating possession and trade under certain c...
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# Drug policy of the Netherlands ## Non-enforcement {#non_enforcement} The drug policy of the Netherlands is marked by its distinguishing between so called soft and hard drugs. An often used argument is that alcohol, which is claimed by some scientists as a hard drug, is legal and a soft drug cannot be more dangerous...
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# Drug policy of the Netherlands ## Drug law enforcement {#drug_law_enforcement} Importing and exporting of any classified drug is a serious offence. The penalty can run up to 12 to 16 years if it is hard drug trade, maximum 4 years for import or export of large quantities of cannabis. It is prohibited to operate a m...
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# Drug policy of the Netherlands ## Results of the drug policy {#results_of_the_drug_policy} Criminal investigations into more serious forms of organized crime mainly involve drugs (72%). Most of these are investigations of hard drug crime (specifically cocaine and synthetic drugs) although the number of soft drug ca...
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# Drug policy of the Netherlands ## Implications of international law {#implications_of_international_law} The Netherlands is a party to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Ps...
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# Drug policy of the Netherlands ## Developments from 2003--2015 {#developments_from_20032015} The liberal drug policy of the authorities in the Netherlands especially led to problems in \"border hot spots\" that attracted \"drug tourism\" as well as trafficking and related law enforcement problems in towns like Ensc...
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# Drug policy of the Netherlands ## Developments from 2003--2015 {#developments_from_20032015} ### Supply control {#supply_control} The relatively recent increase in the cocaine trafficking business has been largely focused on the Caribbean area. Since early 2003, a special law court with prison facilities has been o...
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# 2001 in the Netherlands This article lists some of the events that took place in the Netherlands in 2001. ## Incumbents - Monarch: Beatrix - Prime Minister: Wim Kok ## Events - 1 January -- Fire at a New Years party in a bar in Volendam kills 14 young people and injures 200 - 18 January -- Fire at Schiph...
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# Non-cognitivism **Non-cognitivism** is the meta-ethical view that ethical sentences do not express propositions (i.e., statements) and thus cannot be true or false (they are not truth-apt). A noncognitivist denies the cognitivist claim that \"moral judgments are capable of being objectively true, because they descri...
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# Non-cognitivism ## Arguments in favour {#arguments_in_favour} As with other anti-realist meta-ethical theories, non-cognitivism is largely supported by the argument from queerness: ethical properties, if they existed, would be different from any other thing in the universe, since they have no observable effect on t...
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# Non-cognitivism ## Arguments against {#arguments_against} One argument against non-cognitivism is that it ignores the external *causes* of emotional and prescriptive reactions. If someone says, \"John is a good person,\" something about John must have inspired that reaction. If John gives to the poor, takes care of...
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# Nomic **Nomic** is a game created in 1982 by philosopher Peter Suber, the `{{boardgloss|rules}}`{=mediawiki} of which include mechanisms for changing those rules, usually beginning by way of democratic voting. The game demonstrates that in any system where rule changes are possible, a situation may arise in which th...
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# Nomic ## Gameplay ### Online Nomic is particularly suited to being played online, where all proposals and rules can be shared in web pages or email archives for ease of reference. Such games can last for a very long time: Agora has been running since 1993. The longevity of nomic games can pose a serious problem, in...
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# Negligence per se **Negligence *per se*** is a doctrine in US law whereby an act is considered negligent because it violates a statute (or regulation). The doctrine is effectively a form of strict liability. Negligence *per se* means greater liability than contributory negligence. ## Elements In order to prove ne...
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# Neuromyotonia **Neuromyotonia** (**NMT**) is a form of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability that causes spontaneous muscular activity resulting from repetitive motor unit action potentials of peripheral origin. NMT along with Morvan\'s syndrome are the most severe types in the Peripheral Nerve Hyperexciteability spect...
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# Neuromyotonia ## Diagnosis Diagnosis is clinical and initially consists of ruling out more common conditions, disorders, and diseases, and usually begins at the general practitioner level. A doctor may conduct a basic neurological exam, including coordination, strength, reflexes, sensation, etc. A doctor may also r...
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# Nirvana (British band) **Nirvana** are a pop rock band formed in London in 1966. In 1985, the band reformed. Members of the band sued the American band Nirvana over the usage of the name, reaching an out-of-court settlement. ## History ### 1966--1971: Early years {#early_years} Nirvana was created as the performi...
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# Nirvana (British band) ## History ### 1985--present The duo`{{explain|reason=If Sylvia Schuster returned for Songs of Love And Praise (1972), who's in this duo?|date=January 2023}}`{=mediawiki} reunited in 1985, touring Europe and releasing a compilation album, *Black Flower* (Bam-Caruso, 1987). (*Black Flower* had...
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# Nirvana (British band) ## Notable collaborators {#notable_collaborators} Nirvana\'s producers, arrangers, engineers and mixers included: - Chris Blackwell, Island Records\' founder, produced the band before hitting his production stride in the 1970s with Bob Marley - Tony Visconti, arranger and producer, worke...
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# History of North Korea The **history of North Korea** began with the end of World War II in 1945. The surrender of Japan led to the division of Korea at the 38th parallel, with the Soviet Union occupying the north, and the United States occupying the south. The Soviet Union and the United States failed to agree on a...
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# History of North Korea ## Division of Korea (1945--1950) {#division_of_korea_19451950} At the Tehran Conference in November 1943 and the Yalta Conference in February 1945, the Soviet Union promised to join its allies in the Pacific War within three months of victory in Europe. On 8 August 1945, after three months t...
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# History of North Korea ## Korean War (1950--1953) {#korean_war_19501953} The consolidation of Syngman Rhee\'s government in the South with American military support and the suppression of the October 1948 insurrection ended North Korean hopes that a revolution in the South could reunify Korea, and from early 1949 K...
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# History of North Korea ## Post-war redevelopment (1953--1970s) {#post_war_redevelopment_19531970s} ### Internal politics {#internal_politics} Kim began gradually consolidating his power. Up to this time, North Korean politics were represented by four factions: the Yan\'an faction, made up of returnees from China; ...
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# History of North Korea ## Post-war redevelopment (1953--1970s) {#post_war_redevelopment_19531970s} ### International relations {#international_relations} Like Mao in China, Kim Il Sung refused to accept Khrushchev\'s denunciation of Stalin and continued to model his regime on Stalinist norms. At the same time, he i...
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# History of North Korea ## Post-war redevelopment (1953--1970s) {#post_war_redevelopment_19531970s} ### Economic development {#economic_development} Reconstruction of the country after the war proceeded with extensive Chinese and Soviet assistance. Koreans with experience in Japanese industries also played a signifi...
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# History of North Korea ## Later years of Kim Il Sung (1970s--1994) {#later_years_of_kim_il_sung_1970s1994} In the 1970s, expansion of North Korea\'s economy, with the accompanying rise in living standards, came to an end. Compounding this was a decision to borrow foreign capital and invest heavily in military indus...
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# History of North Korea ## Era of Kim Jong Il (1994--2011) {#era_of_kim_jong_il_19942011} Kim Il Sung died from a sudden heart attack on 8 July 1994. The politics in the last years of Kim Il Sung closely resemble those of the beginning of the Kim Jong Il era. Beginning as early as 1990, the economy began a steep de...
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# History of North Korea ## Era of Kim Jong Un (2011--present) {#era_of_kim_jong_un_2011present} Kim Jong Il died on 17 December 2011 and was succeeded by his son, Kim Jong Un. In late 2013, Kim Jong Un\'s uncle Jang Song-thaek was arrested and executed after a trial. According to the South Korean spy agency, Kim may...
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# Geography of North Korea North Korea is located in East Asia in the Northern half of Korea, partially on the Korean Peninsula. It borders three countries: China along the Yalu (Amnok) River, Russia along the Tumen River, and South Korea to the south. ## Topography and drainage {#topography_and_drainage} The terrai...
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# Geography of North Korea ## Boundaries, coastline, and islands {#boundaries_coastline_and_islands} North Korea has an area of 120,538 km^2^, of which 120,408 km^2^ is land and 130 km^2^ is water. It has 1671.5 km of land boundaries; of these, 1416 km are with China, 238 km are with South Korea, and 17.5 km are with...
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# Demographics of North Korea million (`{{UN_Population|Year}}`{=mediawiki}) `| density            = ``{{Rnd|{{#expr:24052231/120538}}`{=mediawiki}`|2}} inhabitants / km`^`2`^`. (2008)`\ `| growth             = ``{{Rnd|{{#expr: (((24052231/21213478)^(1/(2008-1993))) -1)*100}}`{=mediawiki}`|2}}% (1993–2008)`\ `| birth...
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# Demographics of North Korea ## History of reporting demographics {#history_of_reporting_demographics} Until the release of official data in 1989, the 1963 edition of the North Korea Central Yearbook was the last official publication to disclose population figures. After 1963, demographers used varying methods to es...
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# Demographics of North Korea ## Size and growth rate {#size_and_growth_rate} In their 1992 monograph, *The Population of North Korea*, Eberstadt and Banister use the data given to the UNFPA and make their own assessments. They place the total population at 21.4 million persons in mid-1990, consisting of 10.6 million...
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# Demographics of North Korea ## Settlement patterns and urbanization {#settlement_patterns_and_urbanization} North Korea\'s population is concentrated in the plains and lowlands. The least populated regions are the mountainous Chagang and Yanggang provinces adjacent to the Chinese border. The largest concentrations ...
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# Demographics of North Korea ## Vital statistics {#vital_statistics} Source: Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs <table> <thead> <tr class="header"> <th scope="col" style="text-align: center; width: 25pt;"><p>Year</p></th> <th><p>scope="col" style="text-align: center;...
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# Demographics of North Korea ## Total and percent distribution of population by single year of age (census 2008) {#total_and_percent_distribution_of_population_by_single_year_of_age_census_2008} Source: Central Bureau of Statistics Age Population Percent ---------- ------------ --------- All Ages 2...
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# Demographics of North Korea ## Koreans living overseas {#koreans_living_overseas} Large-scale emigration from Korea began around 1904 and continued until the end of World War II. During the Japanese colonial occupation (1910--1945), many Koreans emigrated to: China (particularly Northeast China), the Soviet Union, ...
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# Demographics of North Korea ## CIA World Factbook demographic statistics {#cia_world_factbook_demographic_statistics} The following demographic statistics are from the *CIA World Factbook*, unless otherwise indicated: **Population**: 25,115,311 (July 2016 est.) **Age structure**\ *0--14 years:* 20.97% (male 2,678,...
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# Transport in North Korea **Transport in North Korea** is constrained by economic problems and government restrictions. Public transport predominates, and most of it is electrified. ## Restrictions on freedom of movement {#restrictions_on_freedom_of_movement} Travel to North Korea is tightly controlled. The standar...
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# Transport in North Korea ## Public transport {#public_transport} There is a mix of locally built and imported trolleybuses and trams in the major urban centres of North Korea. Earlier fleets were obtained from Europe and China. For the list of trolleybus systems in North Korea, see this list. Other forms of publi...
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# Transport in North Korea ## Railways The Korean State Railway is the only rail operator in North Korea. It has a network of over 6000 km of standard gauge and 400 km of narrow gauge (762 mm) lines; as of 2007, over 5400 km of the standard gauge (well over 80%), along with 295.5 km of the narrow gauge lines are elec...
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# Transport in North Korea ## Air transport {#air_transport} North Korea\'s international air connections are limited in frequency and numbers. As of 2011, scheduled flights operate only from Pyongyang\'s Pyongyang Sunan International Airport to Beijing, Shenyang, Macau and Vladivostok. Charters to other destinations...
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# Nuclear physics **Nuclear physics** is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter. Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons. Discover...
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# Nuclear physics ## History ### Rutherford discovers the nucleus {#rutherford_discovers_the_nucleus} In 1906, Ernest Rutherford published \"Retardation of the a Particle from Radium in passing through matter.\" Hans Geiger expanded on this work in a communication to the Royal Society with experiments he and Rutherfo...
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# Nuclear physics ## History ### Yukawa\'s meson postulated to bind nuclei {#yukawas_meson_postulated_to_bind_nuclei} In 1935 Hideki Yukawa proposed the first significant theory of the strong force to explain how the nucleus holds together. In the Yukawa interaction a virtual particle, later called a meson, mediated ...
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# Nuclear physics ## Modern nuclear physics {#modern_nuclear_physics} A heavy nucleus can contain hundreds of nucleons. This means that with some approximation it can be treated as a classical system, rather than a quantum-mechanical one. In the resulting liquid-drop model, the nucleus has an energy that arises partl...
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# Nuclear physics ## Modern nuclear physics {#modern_nuclear_physics} ### Production of \"heavy\" elements {#production_of_heavy_elements} According to the theory, as the Universe cooled after the Big Bang it eventually became possible for common subatomic particles as we know them (neutrons, protons and electrons) t...
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# Nicholas Lemann **Nicholas Berthelot Lemann** is an American writer and academic, and is the Joseph Pulitzer II and Edith Pulitzer Moore Professor of Journalism and Dean Emeritus of the Faculty of Journalism at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. He has been a staff writer at *The New Yorker* sinc...
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# N **N**, or **n**, is the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages, and others worldwide. Its name in English is *en* (pronounced `{{IPAc-en|'|ɛ|n}}`{=mediawiki}), plural *ens*. ## History +----------------------+-------------+-...
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# N ## Related characters {#related_characters} ### Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet {#descendants_and_related_characters_in_the_latin_alphabet} - N with diacritics: Ń ń Ñ ñ Ň ň Ǹ ǹ Ṅ ṅ Ṇ ṇ Ņ ņ Ṉ ṉ Ṋ ṋ Ꞥ ꞥ ᵰ ᶇ - Phonetic alphabet symbols related to N (the International Phonetic Alphabet o...
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# Geography of Namibia At 824292 km2, Namibia is the world\'s thirty-fourth largest country. After Mongolia, Namibia is the second least densely populated country in the world (2.7 PD/sqkm). Namibia got its name from the Namib desert that stretches along the coast of the Atlantic. It is also known for its wildlife. #...
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# Geography of Namibia ## Geographical areas {#geographical_areas} ### Coastal Desert {#coastal_desert} Namibia\'s Coastal Desert is one of the oldest deserts in the world. Its sand dunes, created by the strong onshore winds, are the highest in the world. The Namib Desert and the Namib-Naukluft National Park are loc...
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# Geography of Namibia ## Weather and climate {#weather_and_climate} Namibia has more than 300 days of sunshine per year. It is situated at the southern edge of the tropics; the Tropic of Capricorn cuts the country about in half. The winter (June--August) is generally dry, both rainy seasons occur in summer, the smal...
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# Geography of Namibia ## Urbanization The capital and largest city, Windhoek, is in the centre of the country. It is home to the country\'s Central Administrative Region, Windhoek Hosea Kutako International Airport, and the country\'s railhead. Other important towns are: - Arandis, uranium mine - Walvis Bay, se...
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# Politics of Namibia **Politics of Namibia** takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Namibia is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by both the president and the government...
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# Politics of Namibia ## Separation of powers {#separation_of_powers} While the separation of powers is enshrined in the country\'s constitution, Namibia\'s civil society and the opposition repeatedly have criticised the overlap between executive and legislature. All cabinet members also sit in the National Assembly ...
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# Politics of Namibia ## Political parties and elections {#political_parties_and_elections} Elections were held in 1992, to elect members of 13 newly established Regional Councils, as well as new municipal officials. Two members from each Regional Council serve simultaneously as members of the National Council, the c...
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# Politics of Namibia ## Administrative divisions {#administrative_divisions} Namibia is divided into 14 regions: Zambezi, Erongo, Hardap, ǁKaras, Kavango East, Kavango West, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, and Otjozondjupa
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# Telecommunications in Namibia **Telecommunications in Namibia** include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. ## Radio and television {#radio_and_television} Per 1,000 inhabitants, there were 50 TV sets and 137 radio sets in Namibia in 2008. - Radio stations: - State-run radio ...
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# Transport in Namibia This article deals with the system of **transport in Namibia**, both public and private. ## General ### History The beginnings of organised travel and transport routes in the territory of South West Africa, today Namibia, have not yet been established. This is due to the lack of any written r...
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# Transport in Namibia ## Railway ### Railway links to adjacent countries {#railway_links_to_adjacent_countries} - Angola - There is currently no rail connection to Angola, although an agreement has been signed for a link. Angola uses the same gauge,`{{RailGauge|1067mm}}`{=mediawiki}, as Namibia. (Rail transport in...
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# Transport in Namibia ## Ports and harbours {#ports_and_harbours} ### Atlantic Ocean {#atlantic_ocean} - Walvis Bay - railhead - Lüderitz - railhead ## Merchant marine {#merchant_marine} none (2002, 1999 est.) ## Airports Windhoek Hosea Kutako International Airport is the main international airport in the c...
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# Namibian Defence Force The **Namibian Defence Force** (**NDF**) comprises the national military forces of Namibia. It was created when the country, then known as South West Africa, gained independence from apartheid South Africa in 1990. Chapter 15 of the Constitution of Namibia establishes the NDF and defines its r...
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# Namibian Defence Force ## History Major General A W Dennis, CB, OBE (rtd), British Army, previously Director of Military Assistance Overseas, made the following comments on the initial phase in Namibia at a conference in Pretoria, South Africa on 6 August 1992: > You will no doubt recall that the Angola Accords we...
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# Namibian Defence Force ## Organization and structure {#organization_and_structure} The Chief Of Defence Force is the highest-ranking officer and exercises overall executive command of the force. Service chiefs are two-star general officers, air officers and flag officers in command of their respective arms of servi...
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# Namibian Defence Force ## Organization and structure {#organization_and_structure} ### Namibian Defence Force ranks {#namibian_defence_force_ranks} NDF ranks are based on the Commonwealth rank structure. There is no approved four-star general rank in the NDF. The Chief of Defence Force is a singular appointment tha...
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# Namibian Defence Force ## Air Force {#air_force} The **Aerial Warfare** branch is small but was bolstered with deliveries of some fighter jets in 2006 and 2008. ## Navy Development of the **Maritime Warfare Branch** has been slow, and the force was only formally established in 2004, 14 years after independence. T...
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# Foreign relations of Namibia Namibia follows a largely independent foreign policy, with strong affiliations with states that aided the independence struggle, including Nigeria, Libya, and Cuba. In Africa, Namibia has been involved in conflicts in neighbouring Angola as well as Democratic Republic of the Congo. ## ...
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