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Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 402.7 | The number of fixture wires permitted in a single conduit or tubing shall not exceed the percentage fill specified in Table 1, Chapter 9. [402.7](https://2023.antflix.net#402.7) | https://2023.antflix.net#402.7 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 402.8 | Fixture wires that are intended to be used as grounded conductors shall be identified by one or more continuous white stripes on other than green insulation or by the means described in 400.22(A) through (E). [402.8](https://2023.antflix.net#402.8) | https://2023.antflix.net#402.8 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 402.9(A) | Thermoplastic insulated fixture wire shall be durably marked on the surface at intervals not exceeding 610 mm (24 in.). All other fixture wire shall be marked by means of a printed tag attached to the coil, reel, or carton. [402.9(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#402.9(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#402.9(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 402.9(B) | Fixture wire types listed in Table 402.3 shall be permitted to be surface marked to indicate special characteristics of the cable materials. These markings include, but are not limited to, markings for limited smoke, sunlight resistance, and so forth. [402.9(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#402.9(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#402.9(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 402.10 | Fixture wires shall be permitted (1) for installation in luminaires and in similar equipment where enclosed or protected and not subject to bending or twisting in use, or (2) for connecting luminaires to the branch-circuit conductors supplying the luminaires. [402.10](https://2023.antflix.net#402.10) | https://2023.antflix.net#402.10 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 402.12 | Fixture wires shall not be used as branch-circuit conductors except as permitted elsewhere in this Code. [402.12](https://2023.antflix.net#402.12) | https://2023.antflix.net#402.12 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 402.14 | Overcurrent protection for fixture wires shall be as specified in 240.5. [402.14](https://2023.antflix.net#402.14) | https://2023.antflix.net#402.14 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.1 | This article covers all switches, switching devices, and circuit breakers used as switches operating at 1000 volts and below, unless specifically referenced elsewhere in this Code for higher voltages. This article does not cover wireless control equipment to which circuit conductors are not connected. Informational Note: See 210.70 for additional information related to branch circuits that include switches or listed wall-mounted control devices. [404.1](https://2023.antflix.net#404.1) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.1 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.2(A) | Three-way and four-way switches shall be wired so that all switching is done only in the ungrounded circuit conductor. Where in metal raceways or metal-armored cables, wiring between switches and outlets shall be in accordance with 300.20(A). Exception: Switch loops shall not require a grounded conductor. [404.2(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.2(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.2(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.2(B) | Switches or circuit breakers shall not disconnect the grounded conductor of a circuit.
Exception: A switch or circuit breaker shall be permitted to disconnect a grounded circuit conductor where all circuit conductors are disconnected simultaneously, or where the device is arranged so that the grounded conductor cannot be disconnected until all the ungrounded conductors of the circuit have been disconnected. [404.2(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.2(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.2(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.2(C) | The grounded circuit conductor for the controlled lighting circuit shall be installed at the location where switches control lighting loads that are supplied by a grounded general-purpose branch circuit serving bathrooms, hallways, stairways, and habitable rooms or occupiable spaces as defined in the applicable building code. Where multiple switch locations control the same lighting load such that the entire floor area of the room or space is visible from the single or combined switch locations, the grounded circuit conductor shall only be required at one location. A grounded conductor shall not be required to be installed at lighting switch locations under any of the following conditions: Where conductors enter the box enclosing the switch through a raceway, provided that the raceway is large enough for all contained conductors, including a grounded conductorWhere snap switches with integral enclosures comply with 300.15(E)Where lighting in the area is controlled by automatic meansWhere a switch controls a receptacle loadThe grounded conductor shall be extended to any switch location as necessary and shall be connected to switching devices that require line-to-neutral voltage to operate the electronics of the switch in the standby mode and shall meet the requirements of 404.22.Exception: The connection requirement shall not apply to replacement or retrofit switches installed in locations prior to local adoption of 404.2(C) and where the grounded conductor cannot be extended without removing finish materials. The number of electronic control switches on a branch circuit shall not exceed five, and the number connected to any feeder on the load side of a system or main bonding jumper shall not exceed 25. For the purpose of this exception, a neutral busbar, in compliance with 200.2(B) and to which a main or system bonding jumper is connected shall not be limited as to the number of electronic lighting control switches connected.Informational Note: The provision for a grounded conductor is to complete a circuit path for electronic lighting control devices. [404.2(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.2(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.2(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.3(A) | Switches and circuit breakers shall be of the externally operable type mounted in an enclosure listed for the intended use. The minimum wire-bending space at terminals and minimum gutter space provided in switch enclosures shall be as required in 312.6. Exception No. 1: Pendant- and surface-type snap switches and knife switches mounted on an open-face switchboard or panelboard shall be permitted without enclosures. Exception No. 2: Switches and circuit breakers installed in accordance with 110.27(A)(1), (A)(2), (A)(3), or (A)(4) shall be permitted without enclosures. [404.3(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.3(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.3(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.3(B) | Enclosures shall not be used as junction boxes, auxiliary gutters, or raceways for conductors feeding through or tapping off to other switches or overcurrent devices, unless the enclosure complies with 312.8. [404.3(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.3(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.3(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.4(A) | A surface-mounted switch or circuit breaker shall be enclosed in a weatherproof enclosure or cabinet that complies with 312.2. [404.4(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.4(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.4(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.4(B) | A flush-mounted switch or circuit breaker shall be equipped with a weatherproof cover. [404.4(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.4(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.4(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.4(C) | Switches shall not be installed within tub or shower spaces unless installed as part of a listed tub or shower assembly. [404.4(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.4(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.4(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.5 | Time switches, flashers, and similar devices shall be of the enclosed type or shall be mounted in cabinets or boxes or equipment enclosures. Energized parts shall be barriered to prevent operator exposure when making manual adjustments or switching. Exception: Devices mounted so they are accessible only to qualified persons shall be permitted, without barriers, provided they are located within an enclosure such that any energized parts within 152 mm (6.0 in.) of the manual adjustment or switch are. covered by suitable barriers. [404.5](https://2023.antflix.net#404.5) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.5 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.6(A) | Single-throw knife switches shall be placed so that gravity will not tend to close them. Single-throw knife switches, approved for use in the inverted position, shall be provided with an integral mechanical means that ensures that the blades remain in the open position when so set. [404.6(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.6(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.6(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.6(B) | Double-throw knife switches shall be permitted to be mounted so that the throw is either vertical or horizontal. Where the throw is vertical, integral mechanical means shall be provided to hold the blades in the open position when so set. [404.6(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.6(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.6(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.6(C) | Single-throw knife switches and switches with butt contacts shall be connected such that their blades are de-energized when the switch is in the open position. Bolted pressure contact switches shall have barriers that prevent inadvertent contact with energized blades. Single-throw knife switches, bolted pressure contact switches, molded case switches, switches with butt contacts, and circuit breakers used as switches shall be connected so that the terminals supplying the load are de-energized when the switch is in the open position. Exception: The blades and terminals supplying the load of a switch shall be permitted to be energized when the switch is in the open position where the switch is connected to circuits or equipment inherently capable of providing a backfeed source of power. For such installations, a permanent sign shall be installed on the switch enclosure or immediately adjacent to open switches with the following words or equivalent: WARNING - LOAD SIDE TERMINALS MAY BE ENERGIZED BY BACKFEED. The warning sign or label shall comply with 110.21(B). [404.6(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.6(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.6(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.7 | General-use and motor-circuit switches, circuit breakers, and molded case switches, where mounted in an enclosure as described in 404.3, shall indicate, in a location that is visible when accessing the external operating means, whether they are in the open (off) or closed (on) position. Where these switch or circuit breaker handles are operated vertically rather than rotationally or horizontally, the up position of the handle shall be the closed (on) position. Exception No. 1: Vertically operated double-throw switches shall be permitted to be in the closed (on) position with the handle in either the up or down position. Exception No. 2: On busway installations, lap switches employing a center-pivoting handle shall be permitted to be open or closed with either end of the handle in the up or down position. The switch position shall be clearly indicating and shall be visible from the floor or from the usual point of operation. [404.7](https://2023.antflix.net#404.7) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.7 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.8(A) | All switches and circuit breakers used as switches shall be located so that they can be operated from a readily accessible place. They shall be installed such that the center of the grip of the operating handle of the switch or circuit breaker, when in its highest position, is not more than 2.0 m (6 ft 7 in.) above the floor or working platform, except as follows: On busway installations, fused switches and circuit breakers shall be permitted to be located at the same level as the busway. Suitable means shall be provided to operate the handle of the device from the floor.Switches and circuit breakers installed adjacent to motors, appliances, or other equipment that they supply shall be permitted to be located higher than 2.0 m (6 ft 7 in.) and to be accessible by portable means.Hookstick operable isolating switches shall be permitted at greater heights. [404.8(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.8(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.8(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.8(B) | A snap switch shall not be grouped or ganged in enclosures with other snap switches, receptacles, or similar devices, unless they are arranged so that the voltage between adjacent devices does not exceed 300 volts, or unless they are installed in enclosures equipped with identified, securely installed barriers between adjacent devices. [404.8(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.8(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.8(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.8(C) | A multipole, general-use snap switch shall not be fed from more than a single circuit unless it is listed and marked as a two-circuit or three-circuit switch. Informational Note: See 210.7 for disconnect requirements where more than one circuit supplies a switch. [404.8(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.8(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.8(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.9(A) | Faceplates provided for snap switches, dimmers, and control switches mounted in boxes and other enclosures shall be installed so as to completely cover the opening and, where the switch is flush mounted, seat against the finished surface. [404.9(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.9(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.9(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.9(B) | Snap switches, dimmers, and control switches shall be connected to an equipment grounding conductor and shall provide a means to connect metal faceplates to the equipment grounding conductor, whether or not a metal faceplate is installed. Metal faceplates shall be bonded to the equipment grounding conductor. Snap switches, dimmers, control switches, and metal faceplates shall be connected to an equipment grounding conductor using either of the following methods: The switch is mounted with metal screws to a metal box or metal cover that is connected to an equipment grounding conductor or to a nonmetallic box with integral means for connecting to an equipment grounding conductor.An equipment grounding conductor or equipment bonding jumper is connected to an equipment grounding termination of the snap switch.Exception No. 1: Where no means exists within the enclosure for bonding to the equipment grounding conductor, or where the wiring method does not include or provide an equipment grounding conductor, a snap switch without a connection to an equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted for replacement purposes only. A snap switch wired under the provisions of this exception and located within 2.5 m (8 ft) vertically, or 1.5 m (5 ft) horizontally, of ground or exposed grounded metal objects shall be provided with a faceplate of nonconducting noncombustible material with nonmetallic attachment screws, unless the switch mounting strap or yoke is nonmetallic or the circuit is protected by a ground-fault circuit interrupter.Exception No. 2: Listed kits or listed assemblies shall not be required to be bonded to an equipment grounding conductor if all of the following conditions are met:The device is provided with a nonmetallic faceplate, and the device is designed such that no metallic faceplate replaces the one provided.The device does not have mounting means to accept other configurations of faceplates.The device is equipped with a nonmetallic yoke.All parts of the device that are accessible after installation of the faceplate are manufactured of nonmetallic materials.Exception No. 3: A snap switch with integral nonmetallic enclosure complying with 300.15(E) shall be permitted without a bonding connection to an equipment grounding conductor. [404.9(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.9(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.9(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.9(C) | Metal faceplates shall be of ferrous metal not less than 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) in thickness or of nonferrous metal not less than 1.02 mm (0.040 in.) in thickness. Faceplates of insulating material shall be noncombustible and not less than 2.54 mm (0.100 in.) in thickness, but they shall be permitted to be less than 2.54 mm (0.100 in.) in thickness if formed or reinforced to provide adequate mechanical strength. [404.9(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.9(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.9(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.10(A) | General-use snap switches, dimmers, and control switches used with open wiring on insulators shall be mounted on insulating material that separates the conductors at least 13 mm (1/2 in.) from the surface wired over. [404.10(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.10(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.10(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.10(B) | Flush-type general-use snap switches, dimmers, and control switches mounted in boxes that are set back of the finished surface as permitted in 314.20 shall be installed so that the extension plaster ears are seated against the surface. Flush-type devices mounted in boxes that are flush with the finished surface or project from it shall be installed so that the mounting yoke or strap of the device is seated against the box. Screws used for the purpose of attaching a device to a box shall be of the type provided with a listed device, or shall be machine screws having 32 threads per inch or part of listed assemblies or systems, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. [404.10(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.10(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.10(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.11 | A hand-operable circuit breaker equipped with a lever or handle, or a power-operated circuit breaker capable of being opened by hand in the event of a power failure, shall be permitted to serve as a switch if it has the required number of poles. Informational Note: See 240.81 and 240.83 for requirements for circuit breakers relative to indication of state and required markings. [404.11](https://2023.antflix.net#404.11) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.11 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.12 | Metal enclosures for switches or circuit breakers shall be connected to an equipment grounding conductor as specified in Part IV of Article 250. Metal enclosures for switches or circuit breakers used as service equipment shall comply with the provisions of Part V of Article 250. Where nonmetallic enclosures are used with metal raceways or metal-armored cables, they shall comply with 314.3, Exception No. 1 or No. 2. Except as covered in 404.9(B), Exception No. 1, nonmetallic boxes for switches shall be installed with a wiring method that provides or includes an equipment grounding conductor. [404.12](https://2023.antflix.net#404.12) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.12 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.13(A) | Knife switches rated at over 1200 amperes at 250 volts or less, and at over 1000 amperes at 251 to 1000 volts, shall be used only as isolating switches and shall not be opened under load. [404.13(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.13(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.13(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.13(B) | To interrupt currents over 1200 amperes at 250 volts, nominal, or less, or over 600 amperes at 251 to 1000 volts, nominal, a circuit breaker or a switch listed for such purpose shall be used. [404.13(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.13(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.13(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.13(C) | Knife switches of ratings less than specified in 404.13(A) and (B) shall be considered general-use switches. Informational Note: See Article 100 for the definition of general-use switch. [404.13(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.13(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.13(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.13(D) | Motor-circuit switches shall be permitted to be of the knife-switch type. Informational Note: See Article 100 for the definition of motor-circuit switch. [404.13(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.13(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.13(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.14 | Switches shall be listed and marked with their ratings. Switches of the types covered in 404.14(A) through (F) shall be limited to the control of loads as specified accordingly. Switches used to control cord-and-plug-connected loads shall be limited as covered in 404.14(G). Informational Note No. 1: See 600.6 for switches for signs and outline lighting. Informational Note No. 2: See 430.83, 430.109, and 430.110 for switches controlling motors. [404.14](https://2023.antflix.net#404.14) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.14 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.14(A) | This form of switch shall only be used on ac circuits and used for controlling the following: Resistive and inductive loads not exceeding the ampere rating of the switch at the voltage appliedTungsten-filament lamp loads not exceeding the ampere rating of the switch at 120 voltsElectric discharge lamp loads not exceeding the marked ampere and voltage rating of the switchMotor loads not exceeding 80 percent of the ampere rating of the switch at its rated voltageElectronic ballasts, self-ballasted lamps, compact fluorescent lamps, and LED lamp loads with their associated drivers, not exceeding 20 amperes and not exceeding the ampere rating of the switch at the voltage applied [404.14(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.14(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.14(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.14(B) | This form of switch shall be permitted on either ac or dc circuits and used only for controlling the following: Resistive loads not exceeding the ampere rating of the switch at the voltage applied.Inductive loads not exceeding 50 percent of the ampere rating of the switch at the applied voltage. Switches rated in horsepower are suitable for controlling motor loads within their rating at the voltage applied.Tungsten-filament lamp loads not exceeding the ampere rating of the switch at the applied voltage if T-rated.Electronic ballasts, self-ballasted lamps, compact fluorescent lamps, and LED lamp loads with their associated drivers, not exceeding the ampere rating of the switch at the voltage applied. [404.14(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.14(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.14(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.14(C) | Snap switches directly connected to aluminum conductors and rated 20 amperes or less shall be marked CO/ALR. [404.14(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.14(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.14(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.14(D) | Snap switch terminations shall be in accordance with the following: Terminals of 15-ampere and 20-ampere snap switches not marked CO/ALR shall be used with copper and copper-clad aluminum conductors only.Terminals marked CO/ALR shall be permitted to be used with copper, aluminum, and copper-clad aluminum conductors.Snap switches connected using screwless terminals of the conductor push-in type construction (also known as conductor push-in terminals) shall be installed on not greater than 15-ampere branch circuits and shall be connected with 14 AWG solid copper wire only unless listed and marked for other types of conductors. [404.14(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.14(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.14(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.14(E) | This form of switch shall not be rated less than 15 amperes at a voltage of 347 volts ac, and they shall not be readily interchangeable in box mounting with switches covered in 404.14(A) and (B). These switches shall be used only for controlling any of the following: Noninductive loads other than tungsten-filament lamps not exceeding the ampere and voltage ratings of the switch.Inductive loads not exceeding the ampere and voltage ratings of the switch. Where particular load characteristics or limitations are specified as a condition of the listing, those restrictions shall be observed regardless of the ampere rating of the load.Electronic ballasts, self-ballasted lamps, compact fluorescent lamps, and LED lamp loads with their associated drivers, not exceeding 20 amperes and not exceeding the ampere rating of the switch at the voltage applied. [404.14(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.14(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.14(E) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.14(F) | General-use dimmer switches and electronic control switches, such as timing switches and occupancy sensors, shall be used only to control permanently connected loads, such as incandescent luminaires, unless listed for the control of other loads and installed accordingly. They shall be marked by their manufacturer with their current and voltage ratings and used for loads that do not exceed their ampere rating at the voltage applied. [404.14(F)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.14(F)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.14(F) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.14(G) | Where a snap switch or control device is used to control cord-and-plug-connected equipment on a general-purpose branch circuit, each snap switch or control device controlling receptacle outlets or cord connectors that are supplied by permanently connected cord pendants shall be rated at not less than the rating of the maximum permitted ampere rating or setting of the overcurrent device protecting the receptacles or cord connectors, as provided in 210.21 (B). Informational Note: See 210.50(A) and 400.10(A)(1) for equivalency to a receptacle outlet of a cord connector that is supplied by a permanently connected cord pendant. Exception: Where a snap switch or control device is used to control not more than one receptacle on a branch circuit, the switch or control device shall be permitted to be rated at not less than the rating of the receptacle. [404.14(G)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.14(G)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.14(G) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.16(A) | Reconditioned lighting, dimmer, and electronic control switches shall not be permitted. [404.16(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.16(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.16(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.16(B) | Reconditioned snap switches of any type shall not be permitted. [404.16(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.16(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.16(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.16(C) | Reconditioned knife switches, switches with butt contacts, and bolted pressure contact switches shall be permitted. If equipment has been damaged by fire, products of combustion, corrosive influences, or water, it shall be specifically evaluated by its manufacturer or a qualified testing laboratory prior to being returned to service. [404.16(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.16(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.16(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.16(D) | Reconditioned molded-case switches shall not be permitted. [404.16(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.16(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.16(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.20(A) | Switches shall be marked with the current, voltage, and, if horsepower rated, the maximum rating for which they are designed. [404.20(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.20(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.20(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.20(B) | Where in the off position, a switching device with a marked OFF position shall completely disconnect all ungrounded conductors to the load it controls. [404.20(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#404.20(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.20(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.22 | Electronic control switches shall be listed. Electronic control switches shall not introduce current on the equipment grounding conductor during normal operation. Exception: Electronic control switches that introduce current on the equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted for applications covered by 404.2(C), Exception. Electronic control switches that introduce current on the equipment grounding conductor shall be listed and marked for use in replacement or retrofit applications only. [404.22](https://2023.antflix.net#404.22) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.22 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.26 | Auxiliary contacts of a renewable or quick-break type or the equivalent shall be provided on all knife switches rated 600 to 1000 volts and designed for use in breaking current over 200 amperes. [404.26](https://2023.antflix.net#404.26) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.26 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.27 | A fused switch shall not have fuses in parallel except as permitted in 240.8. [404.27](https://2023.antflix.net#404.27) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.27 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.28 | The wire-bending space required by 404.3 shall meet Table 312.6(B)(2) spacings to the enclosure wall opposite the line and load terminals. [404.28](https://2023.antflix.net#404.28) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.28 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 404.30 | Switch mechanisms mounted within enclosures with doors that, when opened, expose uninsulated live parts shall be constructed so that when the switch is in the closed position access to the switch interior is restricted. Access to the interior with the switch in the closed position shall require the use of a tool or an approved design that provides equivalent protection from access by unqualified persons. [404.30](https://2023.antflix.net#404.30) | https://2023.antflix.net#404.30 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.1 | This article covers the rating, type, and installation of receptacles, cord connectors, and attachment plugs (cord caps). [406.1](https://2023.antflix.net#406.1) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.1 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.2 | Reconditioned receptacles, attachment plugs, cord connectors, and flanged surface devices shall not be permitted. [406.2](https://2023.antflix.net#406.2) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.2 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.3(A) | Receptacles shall be listed and marked with the manufacturer's name or identification and voltage and ampere ratings. [406.3(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.3(B) | Receptacles and cord connectors shall be rated not less than 15 amperes, 125 volts, or 15 amperes, 250 volts, and shall be of a type not suitable for use as lampholders. Informational Note: See 210.21(B) for receptacle ratings where installed on branch circuits. [406.3(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.3(C) | Receptacles rated 20 amperes or less and designed for the direct connection of aluminum conductors shall be marked CO/ALR. [406.3(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.3(D) | Receptacle terminations shall be in accordance with the following: Terminals of 15-ampere and 20-ampere receptacles not marked CO/ALR shall be used with copper and copper-clad aluminum conductors only.Terminals marked CO/ALR shall be permitted to be used with aluminum, copper, and copper-clad aluminum conductors.Receptacles installed using screwless terminals of the conductor push-in type construction (also known as push-in-terminals) shall be installed on not greater than 15-ampere branch circuits and shall be connected with 14 AWG solid copper wire only unless listed and marked for other types of conductors.Informational Note: Sec UL 498, Attachment Plugs and Receptacles, for information regarding screwless terminals of various type constructions employed on receptacles. Screwless terminals of the separable-terminal assembly, spring-action clamp, and insulation-displacement type constructions are not classified in UL 498 as screwless terminals of the conductor push-in type construction (also known as push-in terminals). [406.3(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.3(E) | Receptacles incorporating an isolated equipment grounding conductor connection intended for the reduction of electromagnetic interference as permitted in 250.146(D) shall be identified by an orange triangle located on the face of the receptacle. [406.3(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(E) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.3(E)(1) | Receptacles so identified shall be used only with equipment grounding conductors that are isolated in accordance with 250.146(D). [406.3(E)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(E)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(E)(1) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.3(E)(2) | Isolated ground receptacles installed in nonmetallic boxes shall be covered with a nonmetallic faceplate. Exception: Where an isolated ground receptacle is installed in a nonmetallic box, a metal faceplate shall be permitted if the box contains a feature or accessory that permits the connection of the faceplate to the equipment grounding conductor. [406.3(E)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(E)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(E)(2) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.3(F) | All nonlocking-type, 125-volt, 15- and 20-ampere receptacles that are controlled by an automatic control device, or that incorporate control features that remove power from the receptacle for the purpose of energy management or building automation, shall be permanently marked with the symbol shown in Figure 406.3(F) and the word "controlled." For receptacles controlled by an automatic control device, the marking shall be located on the receptacle face and visible after installation. In both cases where a multiple receptacle device is used, the required marking of the word "controlled" and symbol shall denote which contact device(s) are controlled. Exception: The marking shall not be required for receptacles controlled by a wall switch that provide the required room lighting outlets as permitted by 210.70.
FIGURE 406.3(F) Controlled Receptacle Marking Symbol. [406.3(F)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(F)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(F) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.3(G) | A 125-volt 15- or 20-ampere receptacle that additionally provides Class 2 power shall be listed and constructed such that the Class 2 circuitry is integral with the receptacle. [406.3(G)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(G)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.3(G) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4 | Receptacle outlets shall be located in branch circuits in accordance with Part III of Article 210. General installation requirements shall be in accordance with 406.4(A) through (G). [406.4](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(A) | Except as provided in 406.4(D), receptacles installed on 15- and 20-ampere branch circuits shall be of the grounding type. Grounding-type receptacles shall be installed only on circuits of the voltage class and current for which they are rated, except as provided in 210.21(B)(1) for single receptacles or Table 210.21(B)(2) and Table 210.21(B)(3) for two or more receptacles. [406.4(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(B) | Receptacles and cord connectors that have equipment grounding conductor contacts shall have those contacts connected to an equipment grounding conductor. Exception No. 1: Receptacles mounted on portable and vehicle-mounted generator sets and generators in accordance with 250.34. Exception No. 2: Replacement receptacles as permitted by 406.4(D). [406.4(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(C) | The equipment grounding conductor contacts of receptacles shall be connected to an equipment grounding conductor of the circuit supplying the receptacle in accordance with 250.146. Cord connectors shall be connected to the equipment grounding conductor of the circuit supplying the cord connector. Informational Note No. 1: See 250.118 for acceptable grounding means. Informational Note No. 2: See 250.130 for extensions of existing branch circuits. [406.4(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(D) | Replacement of receptacles shall comply with 406.4(D)(1) through (D)(8), as applicable. Arc-fault circuit-interrupter type and ground-fault circuit-interrupter type receptacles shall be installed in a readily accessible location. [406.4(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(D)(1) | Where a grounding means exists in the receptacle enclosure or an equipment grounding conductor is installed in accordance with 250.130(C), grounding-type receptacles shall be used and shall be connected to the equipment grounding conductor in accordance with 406.4(C) or 250.130(C). [406.4(D)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(1) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(D)(2) | Where attachment to an equipment grounding conductor does not exist in the receptacle enclosure, the installation shall comply with 406.4(D)(2) (a), (D)(2) (b), or (D)(2) (c). A non-grounding-type receptacle(s) shall be permitted to be replaced with another non-grounding-type receptacle(s).A non-grounding-type receptacle(s) shall be permitted to be replaced with a ground-fault circuit interrupter-type of receptacle(s). These receptacles or their cover plates shall be marked "No Equipment Ground." An equipment grounding conductor shall not be connected from the ground-fault circuit-interrupter-type receptacle to any outlet supplied from the ground-fault circuit-interrupter receptacle.A non-grounding-type receptacle(s) shall be permitted to be replaced with a grounding-type receptacle(s) where supplied through a ground-fault circuit interrupter. Where grounding-type receptacles are supplied through the ground-fault circuit interrupter, grounding-type receptacles or their cover plates shall be marked "GFCI Protected" and "No Equipment Ground," visible after installation. An equipment grounding conductor shall not be connected between the grounding-type receptacles.Informational Note No. 1: Some equipment or appliance manufacturers require that the branch circuit to the equipment or appliance includes an equipment grounding conductor.Informational Note No. 2: See 250.114 for a list of a cord-and-plug-connected equipment or appliances that require an equipment grounding conductor. [406.4(D)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(2) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(D)(3) | Ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for receptacles shall be provided where replacements are made at receptacle outlets that are required to be so protected elsewhere in this Code. Ground-fault circuit interrupters shall be listed. Exception: Where the outlet box size will not permit the installation of the GFCI receptacle, the receptacle shall be permitted to be replaced with a new receptacle of the existing type, where GFCI protection is provided and the receptacle is marked "GFCI Protected" and "No Equipment Ground," in accordance with 406.4(D)(2)(a), (D)(2)(b), or (D)(2)(c), as applicable. [406.4(D)(3)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(3)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(3) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(D)(4) | If a receptacle located in any areas specified in 210.12(A), (B), or (C) is replaced, a replacement receptacle at this outlet shall be one of the following: A listed outlet branch-circuit type AFCI receptacleA receptacle protected by a listed outlet branch-circuit type AFCI type receptacleA receptacle protected by a listed combination type AFCI circuit breakerException: Section 210.12(E), Exception, shall not apply to replacement of receptacles. [406.4(D)(4)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(4)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(4) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(D)(5) | Listed tamper-resistant receptacles shall be provided where replacements are made at receptacle outlets that are required to be tamper-resistant elsewhere in this Code, except in one of the following cases: Where a nongrounding receptacle is replaced with another nongrounding receptacleWhere aluminum branch-circuit conductors are directly terminated on a CO/ALR receptacle, installed as replacement [406.4(D)(5)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(5)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(5) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(D)(6) | Weather-resistant receptacles shall be provided where replacements are made at receptacle outlets that are required to be so protected elsewhere in this Code. [406.4(D)(6)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(6)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(6) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(D)(7) | Automatically controlled receptacles shall be replaced with equivalently controlled receptacles. If automatic control is no longer required, the receptacle and any associated receptacles marked in accordance with 406.3(F) shall be replaced with a receptacle and faceplate not marked in accordance with 406.3(F). [406.4(D)(7)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(7)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(7) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(D)(8) | Receptacles shall be provided with GFPE where replacements are made at receptacle outlets that are required to be so protected elsewhere in this Code. [406.4(D)(8)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(8)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(D)(8) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(E) | The installation of grounding-type receptacles shall not be used as a requirement that all cord-and plug-connected equipment be of the grounded type. Informational Note: See 250.114 for types of cord- and plug-connected equipment to be grounded. [406.4(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(E) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(F) | Receptacles connected to circuits that have different voltages, frequencies, or types of current (ac or dc) on the same premises shall be of such design that the attachment plugs used on these circuits are not interchangeable. [406.4(F)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(F)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(F) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.4(G) | Protection for floor receptacles shall be in accordance with the following: Physical protection of floor receptacles shall allow floor-cleaning equipment to be operated without damage to receptacles.All 125-volt, single-phase, 15- and 20-ampere floor receptacles installed in food courts and waiting spaces of passenger transportation facilities where food or drinks are allowed shall be GFCI protected. [406.4(G)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(G)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.4(G) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.5 | Receptacles shall be mounted in identified boxes or assemblies. The boxes or assemblies shall be securely fastened in place unless otherwise permitted elsewhere in this Code. Screws used for the purpose of attaching receptacles to a box shall be of the type provided with a listed receptacle, or shall be machine screws having 32 threads per inch or part of listed assemblies or systems, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. [406.5](https://2023.antflix.net#406.5) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.5 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.5(A) | Receptacles mounted in boxes that are set back from the finished surface as permitted in 314.20 shall be installed such that the mounting yoke or strap of the receptacle is held rigidly at the finished surface. [406.5(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.5(B) | Receptacles mounted in boxes that are flush with the finished surface or project therefrom shall be installed such that the mounting yoke or strap of the receptacle is held rigidly against the box or box cover. [406.5(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.5(C) | Receptacles mounted to and supported by a cover shall be held rigidly against the cover by more than one screw or shall be a device assembly or box cover listed and identified for securing by a single screw. [406.5(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.5(D) | After installation, receptacle faces shall be flush with or project from faceplates of insulating material and shall project a minimum of 0.4 mm (0.015 in.) from metal faceplates. Exception: Listed kits or assemblies encompassing receptacles and nonmetallic faceplates that cover the receptacle face, where the plate cannot be installed on any other receptacle, shall be permitted. [406.5(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.5(E) | Receptacle assemblies for installation in countertop surfaces shall be listed for countertop applications. Where receptacle assemblies for countertop applications are required to provide ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for personnel in accordance with 210.8, such assemblies shall be permitted to be listed as GFCI receptacle assemblies for countertop applications. [406.5(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(E) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.5(F) | Receptacle assemblies and GFCI receptacle assemblies listed for work surface or countertop applications shall be permitted to be installed in work surfaces. [406.5(F)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(F)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(F) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.5(G)(1) | Receptacles shall not be installed in a face-up position in or on countertop surfaces or work surfaces unless listed for countertop or work surface applications. [406.5(G)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(G)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(G)(1) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.5(G)(2) | Receptacles shall not be installed in a face-up position in the area below a sink. [406.5(G)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(G)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(G)(2) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.5(H) | In seating areas or similar surfaces, receptacles shall not be installed in a face-up position unless the receptacle is any of the following: Part of an assembly listed as a furniture power distribution unitPart of an assembly listed either as household furnishings or as commercial furnishingsListed either as a receptacle assembly for countertop applications or as a GFCI receptacle assembly for countertop applicationsInstalled in a listed floor box [406.5(H)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(H)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(H) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.5(I) | Receptacles shall be enclosed so that live wiring terminals are not exposed to contact. [406.5(I)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(I)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(I) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.5(J) | A receptacle shall not be grouped or ganged in enclosures with other receptacles, snap switches, or similar devices, unless they are arranged so that the voltage between adjacent devices does not exceed 300 volts, or unless they are installed in enclosures equipped with identified, securely installed barriers between adjacent devices. [406.5(J)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(J)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.5(J) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.6 | Receptacle face-plates shall be installed so as to completely cover the opening and seat against the mounting surface. Receptacle faceplates mounted inside a box having a recess-mounted receptacle shall effectively close the opening and seat against the mounting surface. [406.6](https://2023.antflix.net#406.6) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.6 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.6(A) | Metal faceplates shall be of ferrous metal not less than 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) in thickness or of nonferrous metal not less than 1.02 mm (0.040 in.) in thickness. [406.6(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.6(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.6(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.6(B) | Metal faceplates shall be grounded. [406.6(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.6(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.6(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.6(C) | Faceplates of insulating material shall be noncombustible and not less than 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) in thickness but shall be permitted to be less than 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) in thickness if formed or reinforced to provide adequate mechanical strength. [406.6(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.6(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.6(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.6(D) | A flush device cover plate that additionally provides a night light and/or Class 2 output connector(s) shall be listed and constructed such that the night light and/or Class 2 circuitry is integral with the flush device cover plate. Listed receptacle faceplates with integral night light, USB charger, or both, that rely solely on spring-tensioned contacts shall be connected to only brass or copper alloy receptacle terminal screws and shall be rated 1 watt or less. Exception: Effective January 1, 2026, spring-tensioned contact connections to steel receptacle terminal screws shall be permitted if the receptacle faceplate is specifically listed and identified for connection to steel receptacle terminal screws. [406.6(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.6(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.6(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.7 | All attachment plugs, cord connectors, and flanged surface devices (inlets and outlets) shall be listed and marked with the manufacturer's name or identification and voltage and ampere ratings. [406.7](https://2023.antflix.net#406.7) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.7 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.7(A) | Attachment plugs and cord connectors shall be constructed so that there are no exposed current-carrying parts except the prongs, blades, or pins. The cover for wire terminations shall be a part that is essential for the operation of an attachment plug or connector (dead-front construction). [406.7(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.7(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.7(A) |
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