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Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.7(B) | Attachment plugs shall be installed so that their prongs, blades, or pins are not energized unless inserted into an energized receptacle or cord connectors. No receptacle shall be installed so as to require the insertion of an energized attachment plug as its source of supply. [406.7(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.7(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.7(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.7(C) | Attachment plug ejector mechanisms shall not adversely affect engagement of the blades of the attachment plug with the contacts of the receptacle. [406.7(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.7(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.7(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.7(D) | A flanged surface inlet shall be installed such that the prongs, blades, or pins are not energized unless an energized cord connector is inserted into it. [406.7(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.7(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.7(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.8 | Receptacles, cord connectors, and attachment plugs shall be constructed such that receptacle or cord connectors do not accept an attachment plug with a different voltage or current rating from that for which the device is intended. However, a 20-ampere T-slot receptacle or cord connector shall be permitted to accept a 15-ampere attachment plug of the same voltage rating. Non-grounding-type receptacles and connectors shall not accept grounding-type attachment plugs. [406.8](https://2023.antflix.net#406.8) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.8 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.9(A) | A receptacle installed outdoors in a location protected from the weather or in other damp locations shall have an enclosure for the receptacle that is weatherproof when the receptacle is covered (attachment plug cap not inserted and receptacle covers closed). An installation suitable for wet locations shall also be considered suitable for damp locations. A receptacle shall be considered to be in a location protected from the weather where located under roofed open porches, canopies, marquees, and the like, and will not be subjected to a beating rain or water runoff. All 125- and 250-volt nonlocking receptacles shall be a listed weather-resistant type. Hinged covers of outlet box hoods shall be able to open at least 90 degrees, or fully open if the cover is not designed to open 90 degrees from the closed to open position, after installation. Informational Note: See ANSI/NEMA WD 6-2016, Wiring Devices - Dimensional Specifications, for the types of receptacles covered by this requirement. [406.9(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.9(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.9(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.9(B)(1) | Receptacles of 15 amperes and 20 amperes, 125 volts and 250 volts installed in a wet location shall have an enclosure that is weatherproof whether or not the attachment plug cap is inserted. An outlet box hood installed for this purpose shall be listed and shall be identified as extra-duty. Other listed products, enclosures, or assemblies providing weatherproof protection that do not utilize an outlet box hood need not be identified extra duty. Hinged covers of outlet box hoods shall be able to open at least 90 degrees, or fully open if the cover is not designed to open 90 degrees from the closed to open position, after installation. Informational Note No. 1: See ANSI/UL 514D-2016, Cover Plates for Flush-Mounted Wiring Devices, for extra-duty outlet box hoods. Extra duty identification and requirements are not applicable to listed receptacles, faceplates, outlet boxes, enclosures, or assemblies that are identified as either being suitable for wet locations or rated as one of the outdoor enclosure-type numbers of Table 110.28 that does not utilize an outlet box hood. Exception: 15- and 20-ampere, 125-through 250-volt receptacles installed in a wet location and subject to routine high-pressure spray washing shall be, permitted to have an enclosure that is weatherproof when the attachment plug is removed. All 15- and 20-ampere, 125- and 250-volt nonlocking-type receptacles shall be listed and so identified as the weather-resistant type. Informational Note No. 2: See ANSI/NEMA WD 6-2016, Wiring Devices - Dimensional Specifications, for receptacle configurations. The configuration of weather-resistant receptacles covered by this requirement are identified as 5-15, 5-20, 6-15, and 6-20. [406.9(B)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.9(B)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.9(B)(1) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.9(B)(2) | All other receptacles installed in a wet location shall be listed weather-resistant type, and installation shall comply with 406.9(B)(2)(a) or (B)(2)(b). A receptacle installed in a wet location where the product intended to be plugged into it is not attended while in use shall have an enclosure that is weatherproof with the attachment plug cap inserted or removed.A receptacle installed in a wet location where the product intended to be plugged into it will be attended while in use (e.g., portable tools) shall have an enclosure that is weatherproof when the attachment plug is removed. [406.9(B)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.9(B)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.9(B)(2) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.9(C) | Receptacles shall not be installed inside of the tub or shower or within a zone measured 900 mm (3 ft) horizontally from any outside edge of the bathtub or shower stall, including the space outside the bathtub or shower stall space below the zone. The zone also includes the space measured vertically from the floor to 2.5 m (8 ft) above the top of the bathtub rim or shower stall threshold. The identified zone is all-encompassing and shall include the space directly over the bathtub or shower stall and the space below this zone, but not the space separated by a floor, wall, ceiling, room door, window, or fixed barrier. Exception No. 1: Receptacles installed in accordance with 680.73 shall be permitted. Exception No. 2: In bathrooms with less than the required zone, the receptacle(s) required by 210.52(D) shall be permitted to be installed opposite the bathtub rim or shower stall threshold on the farthest wall within the room. Exception No. 3: Weight supporting ceiling receptacles (WSCR) shall be permitted to be installed for listed luminaires that employ a weight supporting attachment fitting (WSAF) in damp locations complying with 410.10(D). Exception No. 4: In a dwelling unit, a single receptacle shall be permitted for an electronic toilet or personal hygiene device such as an electronic bidet seat. The receptacle shall be readily accessible and not located in the space between the toilet and the bathtub or shower. Informational Note No. 1: See 210.8(A)(1) for GFCI requirements in a bathroom. Informational Note No. 2: See 210.11(C) for bathroom branch circuits. Informational Note No. 3: See 210.21(B)(1) for single receptacle on an individual branch. [406.9(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.9(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.9(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.9(D) | The enclosure for a receptacle installed in an outlet box flush-mounted in a finished surface shall be made weatherproof by means of a weatherproof faceplate assembly that provides a watertight connection between the plate and the finished surface. [406.9(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.9(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.9(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.10(A) | Grounding-type receptacles, cord connectors, and attachment plugs shall be provided with one fixed grounding pole in addition to the circuit poles. The grounding contacting pole of grounding-type plug-in ground-fault circuit interrupters shall be permitted to be of the movable, self-restoring type on circuits operating at not over 150 volts between any two conductors or any conductor and ground. [406.10(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.10(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.10(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.10(B) | Grounding-type receptacles, adapters, cord connections, and attachment plugs shall have a means for connection of an equipment grounding conductor to the grounding pole. A terminal for connection to the grounding pole shall be designated by one of the following:A green-colored hexagonal-headed or -shaped terminal screw or nut, not readily removable.A green-colored pressure wire connector body (a wire barrel).A similar green-colored connection device, in the case of adapters. The grounding terminal of a grounding adapter shall be a green-colored rigid ear, lug, or similar device. The equipment grounding connection shall be so designed that it cannot make contact with current-carrying parts of the receptacle, adapter, or attachment plug. The adapter shall be polarized.If the terminal for the equipment grounding conductor is not visible, the conductor entrance hole shall be marked with the word green or ground, the letters G or GR, a grounding symbol, or otherwise identified by a distinctive green color. If the terminal for the equipment grounding conductor is readily removable, the area adjacent to the terminal shall be similarly marked.
Informational Note: See Informational Note Figure 406.10(B).
Informational Note Figure 406.10(B) One Example of a Symbol Used to Identify the Termination Point for an Equipment Grounding Conductor. [406.10(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.10(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.10(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.10(C) | A grounding terminal shall not be used for purposes other than connection to the equipment grounding conductor. [406.10(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.10(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.10(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.10(D) | Grounding-type attachment plugs and mating cord connectors and receptacles shall be designed such that the equipment grounding connection is made before the current-carrying connections. Grounding-type devices shall be so designed that grounding poles of attachment plugs cannot be brought into contact with current-carrying parts of receptacles or cord connectors. [406.10(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.10(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.10(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.10(E) | Grounding-type attachment plugs shall be used only with a cord having an equipment grounding conductor. Informational Note: See 250.126 for identification of equipment grounding conductor terminals. [406.10(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.10(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.10(E) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.11 | The connection of the receptacle grounding terminal shall comply with 250.146. [406.11](https://2023.antflix.net#406.11) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.11 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.12 | All 15- and 20-ampere, 125- and 250-volt nonlocking-type receptacles in the following locations shall be listed tamper-resistant receptacles: All dwelling units, boathouses, mobile homes and manufactured homes, including their attached and detached garages, accessory buildings, and common areasGuest rooms and guest suites of hotels, motels, and their common areasChild care facilitiesPreschools and education facilitiesWithin clinics, medical and dental offices, and outpatient facilities, the following spaces:Business offices accessible to the general publicLobbies, and waiting spacesSpaces of nursing homes and limited care facilities covered in 517.10(B)(2)Places of awaiting transportation, gymnasiums, skating rinks, fitness centers, and auditoriumsDormitory unitsResidential care/assisted living facilities, social and substance abuse rehabilitation facilities, and group homesFoster care facilities, nursing homes, and psychiatric hospitalsAreas of agricultural buildings accessible to the general public and any common areasInformational Note No. 1: See ANSI/NEMA WD 6-2016, Wiring Devices - Dimensional Specifications. This requirement would include receptacles identified as 5-15, 5-20, 6-15, and 6-20.Informational Note No. 2: See NFPA 5000-2021, Building Construction and Safety Code, and the International Building Code (IBC)-2021 for more information on occupancy classifications for the types of facilities covered by this requirement.Informational Note No. 3: Areas of agricultural building are frequently converted to hospitality areas. These areas can include petting zoos, stables, and buildings used for recreation or educational purposes where receptacles are installed.Exception to (1) through (10): Receptacles in the following locations shall not be required to be tamper resistant:Receptacles located more than 1.7 m (51/2 ft) above the floorReceptacles that are part of a luminaire or applianceWhere the receptacle outlet is installed within the space occupied by or designated for each appliance that, in normal use, is not easily moved from one place to another and is cord-and-plug-connected in accordance with 400.10(A)(6), (A)(7), or (A)(8) the following are permitted:A single receptacle that is not readily accessible and supplies one applianceA duplex receptacle that is not readily accessible and supplies two appliancesNongrounding receptacles used for replacements as permitted in 406.4(D)(2)(a) [406.12](https://2023.antflix.net#406.12) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.12 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.13 | Single-pole separable connectors shall be listed and labeled and shall comply with 406.13(A) through (D). [406.13](https://2023.antflix.net#406.13) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.13 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.13(A) | Single-pole separable connectors shall be of either the locking or latching type and marked with the manufacturer's name or identification and voltage and ampere ratings. [406.13(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.13(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.13(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.13(B) | Connectors designated for connection to the grounded circuit conductor shall be identified by a white-colored housing; connectors designated for connection to the grounding circuit conductor shall be identified by a green-colored housing. [406.13(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.13(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.13(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.13(C) | Single-pole separable connectors shall be permitted to be interchangeable for ac or dc use or for different current ratings or voltages on the same premises, provided they are listed for ac/dc use and marked in a suitable manner to identify the system to which they are intended to be connected. [406.13(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.13(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.13(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 406.13(D) | The use of single-pole separable connectors shall be performed by a qualified person and shall comply with at least one of the following conditions: Connection and disconnection of connectors are only possible where the supply connectors are interlocked to the source, and it is not possible to connect or disconnect connectors when the supply is energized.Line connectors are of the listed sequential-interlocking type so that load connectors are connected in the following sequence and that disconnection is in the reverse sequence:Equipment grounding conductor connectionGrounded circuit conductor connection, if providedUngrounded conductor connectionA caution notice that complies with 110.21 (B) is provided on the equipment employing single-pole separable connectors, adjacent to the line connectors, indicating that connections are to be performed in the following sequence and that disconnection is in the reverse sequence:Equipment grounding conductor connectorsGrounded circuit-conductor connectors, if providedUngrounded conductor connectorsInformational Note: See ANSI-UL 1691-2014, Single Pole Locking-Type Separable Connectors, for more information on single-pole locking-type separable connectors. [406.13(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#406.13(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#406.13(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.1 | This article covers switchboards, switchgear, and panelboards. It does not apply to equipment operating at over 1000 volts, except as specifically referenced elsewhere in the Code. [408.1](https://2023.antflix.net#408.1) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.1 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.2 | The use of reconditioned equipment within the scope of this article shall be limited as described in 408.2(A) and (B). If equipment has been damaged by fire, products of combustion, corrosive influences, or water, it shall be specifically evaluated by its manufacturer or a qualified testing laboratory prior to being returned to service. [408.2](https://2023.antflix.net#408.2) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.2 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.2(A) | Reconditioned panelboards shall not be permitted. [408.2(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.2(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.2(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.2(B) | Reconditioned switchboards and switchgear, or sections of switchboards or switchgear, shall be permitted. [408.2(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.2(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.2(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(A) | Conductors and busbars on a switchboard, switchgear, or panelboard shall comply with 408.3(A)(1) and (A)(2) as applicable. [408.3(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(A)(1) | Conductors and busbars shall be located so as to be free from physical damage and shall be held firmly in place. [408.3(A)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(A)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(A)(1) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(A)(2) | Other than the required interconnections and control wiring, only those conductors that are intended for termination in a vertical section of a switchboard or switchgear shall be located in that section. Exception: Conductors shall be permitted to travel horizontally through vertical sections of switchboards and switchgear where such conductors are isolated from busbars by a barrier. [408.3(A)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(A)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(A)(2) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(B) | The arrangement of busbars and conductors shall be such as to avoid overheating due to inductive effects. [408.3(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(C) | Each switchboard, switchgear, or panelboard, if used as service equipment, shall be provided with a main bonding jumper sized in accordance with 250.28(D) or the equivalent placed within the panelboard or one of the sections of the switchboard or switchgear for connecting the grounded service conductor on its supply side to the switchboard, switchgear, or panelboard frame. All sections of a switchboard or switchgear shall be bonded together using an equipment-bonding jumper or a supply-side bonding jumper sized in accordance with 250.122 or 250.102(C)(1) as applicable. Exception: Switchboards, switchgear, and panelboards used as service equipment on high-impedance grounded neutral systems in accordance with 250.36 shall not be required to be provided with a main bonding jumper. [408.3(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(D) | In switchboards and switchgear, load terminals for field wiring shall comply with 408.18(C). [408.3(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(E)(1) | Alternating-current phase arrangement on 3-phase buses shall be A, B, C from front to back, top to bottom, or left to right, as viewed from the front of the switchboard, switchgear, or panelboard. The B phase shall be that phase having the higher voltage to ground on 3-phase, 4-wire, delta-connected systems. Other busbar arrangements shall be permitted for additions to existing installations and shall be marked. Exception: Equipment within the same single section or multisection switchboard, switchgear, or panelboard as the meter on 3-phase, 4-wire, delta-connected systems shall be permitted to have the same phase configuration as the metering equipment. Informational Note: See 110.15 for requirements on marking the busbar or phase conductor having the higher voltage to ground where supplied from a 4-wire, delta-connected system. [408.3(E)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(E)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(E)(1) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(E)(2) | Direct-current ungrounded buses shall be permitted to be in any order. Arrangement of dc buses shall be field marked as to polarity, grounding system, and nominal voltage. [408.3(E)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(E)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(E)(2) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(F) | A caution sign(s) or a label(s) provided in accordance with 408.3(F)(1) through (F)(5) shall comply with 110.21(B). [408.3(F)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(F)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(F) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(F)(1) | A switchboard, switchgear, or panelboard containing a 4-wire, delta-connected system where the midpoint of one phase winding is grounded shall be legibly and permanently field marked as follows: CAUTION _____ PHASE HAS _____ VOLTS TO GROUND [408.3(F)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(F)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(F)(1) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(F)(2) | A switchboard, switchgear, or panelboard containing an ungrounded ac electrical system as permitted in 250.21 shall be legibly and permanently field marked as follows: CAUTION UNGROUNDED SYSTEM OPERATING - _____ VOLTS BETWEEN CONDUCTORS [408.3(F)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(F)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(F)(2) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(F)(3) | A switchboard, switchgear, or panelboard containing a high-impedance grounded neutral ac system in accordance with 250.36 shall be legibly and permanently field marked as follows: CAUTION: HIGH-IMPEDANCE GROUNDED NEUTRAL AC SYSTEM OPERATING - _____ VOLTS BETWEEN CONDUCTORS AND MAY OPERATE - _____ VOLTS TO GROUND FOR INDEFINITE PERIODS UNDER FAULT CONDITIONS [408.3(F)(3)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(F)(3)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(F)(3) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(F)(4) | A switchboard, switchgear, or panelboard containing an ungrounded dc electrical system in accordance with 250.169 shall be legibly and permanently field marked as follows: CAUTION: UNGROUNDED DC SYSTEM OPERATING - _____ VOLTS BETWEEN CONDUCTORS [408.3(F)(4)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(F)(4)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(F)(4) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(F)(5) | A switchboard, switchgear, or panelboard containing a resistive connection between current-carrying conductors and the grounding system to stabilize voltage to ground shall be legibly and permanently field marked as follows: CAUTION: DC SYSTEM OPERATING - _____ VOLTS BETWEEN CONDUCTORS AND MAY OPERATE - _____ VOLTS TO GROUND FOR INDEFINITE PERIODS UNDER FAULT CONDITIONS [408.3(F)(5)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(F)(5)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(F)(5) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.3(G) | The minimum wire-bending space at terminals and minimum gutter space provided in switchboards, switchgear, and panelboards shall be as required in 312.6. [408.3(G)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(G)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.3(G) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.4(A) | Every circuit and circuit modification shall be provided with a legible and permanent description that complies with all of the following conditions as applicable: Located at each switch or circuit breaker in a switchboard or switchgearIncluded in a circuit directory that is located on the face of, inside of, or in an approved location adjacent to the panel door in the case of a panelboardClear, evident, and specific to the purpose or use of each circuit including spare positions with an unused overcurrent deviceDescribed with a degree of detail and clarity that is unlikely to result in confusion between circuitsNot dependent on transient conditions of occupancyClear in explaining abbreviations and symbols when used [408.4(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.4(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.4(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.4(B) | All switchboards, switchgear, and panelboards supplied by a feeder(s) in other than one- or two-family dwellings shall be permanently marked in accordance with the following: With the identification and physical location of where the power originatesWith a label that is permanently affixed and of sufficient durability to withstand the environment involvedUsing a method that is not handwritten [408.4(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.4(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.4(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.5 | Where conduits or other raceways enter a switchboard, switchgear, floor-standing panelboard, or similar enclosure at the bottom, approved space shall be provided to permit installation of conductors in the enclosure. The wiring space shall not be less than shown in Table 408.5 where the conduit or raceways enter or leave the enclosure below the busbars, their supports, or other obstructions. The conduit or raceways, including their end fittings, shall not rise more than 75 mm (3 in.) above the bottom of the enclosure.
Table 408.5 Clearance for Conductors Entering Bus Enclosures
Conductor
Minimum Spacing Between Bottom of Enclosure and Busbars, Their Supports, or Other Obstructions
mm
in.
Insulated busbars, their supports, or other obstructions
200
8
Noninsulated busbars
250
10
[408.5](https://2023.antflix.net#408.5) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.5 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.6 | Switchboards, switchgear, and panelboards shall have a short-circuit current rating not less than the available fault current. In other than one- and two-family dwelling units, the available fault current and the date the calculation was performed shall be field marked on the enclosure at the point of supply. The marking shall comply with 110.21(B)(3). [408.6](https://2023.antflix.net#408.6) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.6 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.7 | Unused openings for circuit breakers and switches shall be closed using identified closures, or other approved means that provide protection substantially equivalent to the wall of the enclosure. [408.7](https://2023.antflix.net#408.7) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.7 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.9 | Replacement panelboards shall be permitted to be installed in existing enclosures in accordance with 408.9(A) or (B). [408.9](https://2023.antflix.net#408.9) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.9 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.9(A) | If the replacement panelboard is listed for the specific enclosure identified by either catalog number or dimensional information, the panelboard shall be permitted to maintain its short-circuit current rating. [408.9(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.9(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.9(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.9(B) | If the available fault current is greater than 10,000 amperes, the completed work shall be field labeled. If the available fault current is 10,000 amperes or less, the replacement panelboard shall be identified for the application. Any previously applied listing marks on the cabinet that pertain to the panelboard shall be removed. [408.9(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.9(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.9(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.16 | Switchboards and switchgear in damp or wet locations shall be installed in accordance with 312.2. [408.16](https://2023.antflix.net#408.16) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.16 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.17 | Switchboards and switchgear shall be placed so as to reduce to a minimum the probability of communicating fire to adjacent combustible materials. Where installed over a combustible floor, suitable protection thereto shall be provided. [408.17](https://2023.antflix.net#408.17) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.17 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.18(A) | For other than a totally enclosed switchboard or switchgear, a space not less than 900 mm (3 ft) shall be provided between the top of the switchboard or switchgear and any combustible ceiling, unless a noncombustible shield is provided between the switchboard or switchgear and the ceiling. [408.18(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.18(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.18(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.18(B) | Clearances around switchboards and switchgear shall comply with the provisions of 110.26. [408.18(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.18(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.18(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.18(C) | Each section of equipment that requires rear or side access to make field connections shall be so marked by the manufacturer on the front. Section openings requiring rear or side access shall comply with 110.26. Load terminals for field wiring shall comply with 408.18(C)(1), (C)(2), or (C)(3) as applicable. [408.18(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.18(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.18(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.18(C)(1) | Load terminals for field wiring shall be so located that it is not necessary to reach across uninsulated ungrounded bus in order to make connections. [408.18(C)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.18(C)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.18(C)(1) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.18(C)(2) | Where multiple branch or feeder grounded circuit conductor load terminals for field wiring are grouped together in one location, they shall be so located that it is not necessary to reach across uninsulated ungrounded bus, whether or not energized, in order to make connections. Where only one branch or feeder set of load terminals for field wiring are grouped with its associated ungrounded load terminals, they shall be so located that it is not necessary to reach across energized uninsulated bus including other branch or feeder bus in order to make connections. Bus on the line side of service, branch, or feeder disconnects is considered energized with respect to its associated load side circuits. [408.18(C)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.18(C)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.18(C)(2) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.18(C)(3) | Load terminals for ungrounded conductors shall be so located that it is not necessary to reach across energized uninsulated bus in order to make connections. Bus on the line side of service, branch, or feeder disconnects is considered energized with respect to its associated load side circuits. [408.18(C)(3)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.18(C)(3)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.18(C)(3) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.19 | An insulated conductor used within a switchboard or switchgear shall be listed, shall be flame retardant, and shall be rated not less than the voltage applied to it and not less than the voltage applied to other conductors or busbars with which it may come into contact. [408.19](https://2023.antflix.net#408.19) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.19 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.20 | Switchboards and switchgear that have any exposed live parts shall be located in permanently dry locations and then only where under competent supervision and accessible only to qualified persons. Switchboards and switchgear shall be located such that the probability of damage from equipment or processes is reduced to a minimum. [408.20](https://2023.antflix.net#408.20) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.20 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.22 | Instruments, relays, meters, and instrument transformers located on switchboards and switchgear shall be grounded as specified in 250.170 through 250.178. [408.22](https://2023.antflix.net#408.22) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.22 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.23 | The requirements of 312.8(B) shall apply. [408.23](https://2023.antflix.net#408.23) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.23 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.30 | All panelboards shall have a rating not less than the minimum feeder capacity required for the load calculated in accordance with Part III, IV, or V of Article 220, as applicable. [408.30](https://2023.antflix.net#408.30) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.30 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.36 | In addition to the requirement of 408.30, a panelboard shall be protected by an overcurrent protective device having a rating not greater than that of the panelboard. This overcurrent protective device shall be located within or at any point on the supply side of the panelboard. Exception No. 1: Individual protection shall not be required for a panelboard protected by two main circuit breakers or two sets of fuses in other than service equipment, having a combined rating not greater than that of the panelboard. A panelboard constructed or wired under this exception shall not contain more than 42 overcurrent devices. For the purposes of determining the maximum of 42 overcurrent devices, a 2-pole or a 3-pole circuit breaker shall be considered as two or three overcurrent devices, respectively. Exception No. 2: For existing panelboards, individual protection shall not be required for a panelboard used as service equipment for an individual residential occupancy. [408.36](https://2023.antflix.net#408.36) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.36 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.36(A) | Panelboards equipped with snap switches rated at 30 amperes or less shall have overcurrent protection of 200 amperes or less. [408.36(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.36(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.36(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.36(B) | Where a panelboard is supplied through a transformer, the overcurrent protection required by 408.36 shall be located on the secondary side of the transformer. Exception: A panelboard supplied by the secondary side of a transformer shall be considered as protected by the overcurrent protection provided on the primary side of the transformer where that protection is in accordance with 240.21(C)(1). [408.36(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.36(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.36(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.36(C) | A 3-phase disconnect or overcurrent device shall not be connected to the bus of any panelboard that has less than 3-phase buses. Delta breakers shall not be installed in panelboards. [408.36(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.36(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.36(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.36(D) | Plug-in-type overcurrent protection devices or plug-in type main lug assemblies that are backfed and used to terminate field-installed ungrounded supply conductors shall be secured in place by an additional fastener that requires other than a pull to release the device from the mounting means on the panelboard. [408.36(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.36(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.36(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.37 | Panelboards in damp or wet locations shall be installed to comply with 312.2. [408.37](https://2023.antflix.net#408.37) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.37 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.38 | Panelboards shall be mounted in cabinets, cutout boxes, or identified enclosures and shall be dead-front. Where the available fault current is greater than 10,000 amperes, the panelboard and enclosure combination shall be evaluated for the application. Exception: Panelboards other than of the dead-front, externally operable type shall be permitted where accessible only to qualified persons. [408.38](https://2023.antflix.net#408.38) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.38 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.39 | In panelboards, fuses of any type shall be installed on the load side of any switches. Exception: Fuses installed as part of service equipment in accordance with the provisions of 230.94 shall be permitted on the line side of the service switch. [408.39](https://2023.antflix.net#408.39) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.39 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.40 | Panelboard cabinets and panelboard frames, if of metal, shall be in physical contact with each other and shall be connected to an equipment grounding conductor. Where the panelboard is used with nonmetallic raceway or cable or where separate equipment grounding conductors are provided, a terminal bar for the equipment grounding conductors shall be secured inside the cabinet. The terminal bar shall be bonded to the cabinet and panelboard frame, if of metal; otherwise it shall be connected to the equipment grounding conductor that is run with the conductors feeding the panelboard. Exception: Where an isolated equipment grounding conductor for a branch circuit or a feeder is provided as permitted by 250.146(D), the insulated equipment grounding conductor that is run with the circuit conductors shall be permitted to pass through the panelboard without being connected to the panelboard's equipment grounding terminal bar. Equipment grounding conductors shall not be connected to a terminal bar provided for grounded conductors or neutral conductors unless the bar is identified for the purpose and is located where interconnection between equipment grounding conductors and grounded circuit conductors is permitted or required by Part II and Part VII of Article 250. [408.40](https://2023.antflix.net#408.40) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.40 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.41 | Each grounded conductor shall terminate within the panelboard in an individual terminal that is not also used for another conductor. Exception: Grounded conductors of circuits with parallel conductors shall be permitted to terminate in a single terminal if the terminal is identified for connection of more than one conductor. [408.41](https://2023.antflix.net#408.41) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.41 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.43 | Panelboards shall not be installed in the face-up or face-down position. [408.43](https://2023.antflix.net#408.43) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.43 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.50 | The panels of switchboards and switchgear shall be made of moisture-resistant, noncombustible material. [408.50](https://2023.antflix.net#408.50) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.50 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.51 | Insulated or bare busbars shall be rigidly mounted. [408.51](https://2023.antflix.net#408.51) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.51 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.52 | Instruments, pilot lights, voltage (potential) transformers, and other switchboard or switchgear devices with potential coils shall be supplied by a circuit that is protected by standard overcurrent devices rated 15 amperes or less. Exception No. 1: Overcurrent devices rated more than 15 amperes shall be permitted where the interruption of the circuit could create a hazard. Short-circuit protection shall be provided. Exception No. 2: For ratings of 2 amperes or less, special types of enclosed fuses shall be permitted. [408.52](https://2023.antflix.net#408.52) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.52 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.54 | A panelboard shall be provided with physical means to prevent the installation of more overcurrent devices than that number for which the panelboard was designed, rated, and listed. For the purposes of this section, a 2-pole circuit breaker or fusible switch shall be considered two overcurrent devices; a 3-pole circuit breaker or fusible switch shall be considered three overcurrent devices. [408.54](https://2023.antflix.net#408.54) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.54 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.55(A) | The enclosure for a panelboard shall have the top and bottom wire-bending space sized in accordance with Table 312.6(B)(2) for the largest conductor entering or leaving the enclosure. Exception No. 1: Either the top or bottom wire-bending space shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with Table 312.6(A) for a panelboard rated 225 amperes or less and designed to contain not over 42 overcurrent devices. For the purposes of this exception, a 2-pole or a 3-pole circuit breaker shall be considered as two or three overcurrent devices, respectively. Exception No. 2: Either the top or bottom wire-bending space for any panelboard shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with Table 312.6(A) where at least one side wire-bending space is sized in accordance with Table 312.6(B)(2) for the largest conductor to be terminated in any side wire-bending Space. Exception No. 3: The top and bottom wire-bending space shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with Table 312.6(A) spacings if the panelboard is designed and constructed for wiring using only a single 90-degree bend for each conductor, including the grounded circuit conductor, and the wiring diagram shows and specifies the method of wiring that shall be used. Exception No. 4: Either the lop or the bottom wire-bending space, but not both, shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with Table 312.6(A) where there are no conductors terminated in that space. [408.55(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.55(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.55(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.55(B) | Side wire-bending space shall be in accordance with Table 312.6(A) for the largest conductor to be terminated in that space. [408.55(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.55(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.55(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.55(C) | Where a raceway or cable entry is in the wall of the enclosure opposite a removable cover, the distance from that wall to the cover shall be permitted to comply with (he distance required for one wire per terminal in Table 312.6(A). The distance between the center of the rear entry and the nearest termination for the entering conductors shall not be less than the distance given in Table 312.6(B)(2). [408.55(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#408.55(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.55(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.56 | The distance between uninsulated metal parts, busbars, and other uninsulated live parts shall not be less than specified in Table 408.56.
Where close proximity does not cause excessive heating, parts of the same polarity at switches, enclosed fuses, and so forth shall be permitted to be placed as close together as convenience in handling will allow.
Exception: The distance shall be permitted to be less than that specified in Table. 408.56 at circuit breakers and switches and in listed components installed in switchboards, switchgear, and panelboards.
Table 408.56 Minimum Spacings Between Bare Metal Parts
AC or DC Voltage
Opposite Polarity Where Mounted on the Same Surface
Opposite Polarity Where Held Free in Air
Live Parts to Ground*
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
Not over 125 volts, nominal
19.1
3/4
12.7
1/2
12.7
1/2
Not over 250 volts, nominal
31.8
11/4
19.1
3/4
12.7
1/2
Not over 1000 volts, nominal
50.8
2
25.4
1
25.4
1
*For spacing between live parts and doors of cabinets, the dimensions in 312.101(A) shall apply. [408.56](https://2023.antflix.net#408.56) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.56 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 408.58 | Panelboards shall be durably marked by the manufacturer with the voltage and the current rating and the number of ac phases or dc buses for which they are designed and with the manufacturer's name or trademark in such a manner so as to be visible after installation, without disturbing the interior parts or wiring. [408.58](https://2023.antflix.net#408.58) | https://2023.antflix.net#408.58 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.1 | This article covers industrial control panels intended for general use and operating at 1000 volts or less. Informational Note: See ANSI/UI. 508A, Standard for Industrial Control Panels, a safety standard for industrial control panels. [409.1](https://2023.antflix.net#409.1) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.1 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.3 | In addition to the requirements of this article, industrial control panels that contain branch circuits for specific loads or components, or are for control of specific types of equipment addressed in other articles of this Code, shall be constructed and installed in accordance with the applicable requirements from those articles. [409.3](https://2023.antflix.net#409.3) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.3 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.20 | The size of the industrial control panel supply conductor shall have an ampacity not less than 125 percent of the full-load current rating of all heating loads plus 125 percent of the full-load current rating of the highest rated motor plus the sum of the full-load current ratings of all other connected motors and apparatus based on their duty cycle that may be in operation at the same time. [409.20](https://2023.antflix.net#409.20) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.20 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.21(A) | Industrial control panels shall be provided with overcurrent protection in accordance with Parts I and II of Article 240. [409.21(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#409.21(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.21(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.21(B) | This protection shall be provided for each incoming supply circuit by either of the following: An overcurrent protective device located ahead of the industrial control panel.A single main overcurrent protective device located within the industrial control panel. Where overcurrent protection is provided as part of the industrial control panel, the supply conductors shall be considered as either feeders or taps as covered by 240.21. [409.21(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#409.21(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.21(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.21(C) | The rating or setting of the overcurrent protective device for the circuit supplying the industrial control panel shall not be greater than the sum of the largest rating or setting of the branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protective device provided with the industrial control panel, plus 125 percent of the full-load current rating of all resistance heating loads, plus the sum of the full-load currents of all other motors and apparatus that could be in operation at the same time. Exception: Where one or more instantaneous trip circuit breakers or motor short-circuit protectors are used for motor branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protection as permitted by 430.52(C), the procedure specified above for determining the maximum rating of the protective device for the circuit supplying the industrial control panel shall apply with the following provision: For the purpose of the calculation, each instantaneous trip circuit breaker or motor short-circuit protector shall be assumed to have a rating not exceeding the maximum percentage of motor full-load current permitted by Table 430.52(C)(1) for the type of control panel supply circuit protective device employed. Where no branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protective device is provided with the industrial control panel for motor or combination of motor and non-motor loads, the rating or setting of the overcurrent protective device shall be based on 430.52 and 430.53, as applicable. [409.21(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#409.21(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.21(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.22(A) | An industrial control panel shall not be installed where the available fault current exceeds its short-circuit current rating as marked in accordance with 409.110(4). [409.22(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#409.22(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.22(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.22(B) | If an industrial control panel is required to be marked with a short-circuit current rating in accordance with 409.110(4), the available fault current at the industrial control panel and the date the available fault current calculation was performed shall be documented and made available to those authorized to inspect, install, or maintain the installation. [409.22(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#409.22(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.22(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.30 | Disconnecting means that supply motor loads shall comply with Part IX of Article 430. [409.30](https://2023.antflix.net#409.30) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.30 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.60 | Industrial control panels shall be grounded and bonded in accordance with 409.60(A) and (B). [409.60](https://2023.antflix.net#409.60) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.60 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.60(A) | An equipment grounding conductor sized in accordance with 250.122 shall be connected to an equipment grounding bus or to an equipment grounding termination point provided in a single-section industrial control panel. [409.60(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#409.60(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.60(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.60(B) | Multisection industrial control panels shall be bonded together using an equipment bonding jumper sized in accordance with 250.102(D). [409.60(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#409.60(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.60(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.70 | Safety circuits for personnel protection that are subject to damage from surge events shall have surge protection installed within or immediately adjacent to the control panel. [409.70](https://2023.antflix.net#409.70) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.70 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.100 | Table 110.28 shall be used as the basis for selecting industrial control panel enclosures for use in specific locations other than hazardous (classified) locations. The enclosures are not intended to protect against conditions such as condensation, icing, corrosion, or contamination that may occur within the enclosure or enter via the conduit or unsealed openings. [409.100](https://2023.antflix.net#409.100) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.100 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.102 | Industrial control panels utilizing busbars shall comply with 409.102(A) and (B). [409.102](https://2023.antflix.net#409.102) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.102 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.102(A) | Busbars shall be protected from physical damage and be held firmly in place. [409.102(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#409.102(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.102(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.102(B) | The phase arrangement on 3-phase horizontal common power and vertical buses shall be A, B, C from front to back, top to bottom, or left to right, as viewed from the front of the industrial control panel. The B phase shall be that phase having the higher voltage to ground on 3-phase, 4-wire, delta-connected systems. Other busbar arrangements shall be permitted for additions to existing installations, and the phases shall be permanently marked. [409.102(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#409.102(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.102(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.104(A) | Industrial control panel enclosures shall not be used as junction boxes, auxiliary gutters, or raceways for conductors feeding through or tapping off to other switches or overcurrent devices or other equipment, unless the conductors fill less than 40 percent of the cross-sectional area of the wiring space. In addition, the conductors, splices, and taps shall not fill the wiring space at any cross section to more than 75 percent of the cross-sectional area of that space. [409.104(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#409.104(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.104(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 409.104(B) | Wire bending space within industrial control panels for field wiring terminals shall be in accordance with the requirements in 430.10(B). [409.104(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#409.104(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#409.104(B) |
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