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Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.45(C) | Heating cables shall be connected to branch-circuit and supply wiring by wiring methods described in the installation instructions. [424.45(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.45(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.45(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.45(D) | Heating cables shall be positioned and secured in place under the floor covering, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. [424.45(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.45(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.45(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.45(E) | In addition to the requirements in 210.8, ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for personnel shall be provided. [424.45(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.45(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.45(E) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.45(F) | Grounding means, such as copper braid, metal sheath, or other approved means, shall be provided as part of the heated length. [424.45(F)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.45(F)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.45(F) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.46 | Cable installations shall be made with due care to prevent damage to the cable assembly and shall be inspected and approved before cables are covered or concealed. [424.46](https://2023.antflix.net#424.46) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.46 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.47 | The manufacturers of electric space-heating cables shall provide marking labels that indicate that the space-heating installation incorporates electric space-heating cables and instructions that the labels shall be affixed to the panelboards to identify which branch circuits supply the circuits to those space-heating installations. If the electric space-heating cable installations are visible and distinguishable after installation, the labels shall not be required to be provided and affixed to the panelboards. [424.47](https://2023.antflix.net#424.47) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.47 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.48 | Unless prohibited by 424.38(B), heating cables and cable sets shall be permitted to be installed in, on, or behind walls provided all of the following are met: Heating cables and cable sets shall be identified as suitable for installation in, on, or behind walls.Heating cables and cable sets shall be GFCI protected.Grounding means, such as copper braid, metal sheath, or other approved means, shall be provided.Heating cables and cable sets shall be AFCI protected.Heating cables and cable sets shall be permitted to be installed no more than 1.2 m (4 ft) above the floor.This requirement shall become effective January 1, 2026. [424.48](https://2023.antflix.net#424.48) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.48 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.57 | Part VI shall apply to any heater mounted in the airstream of a forced-air system where the air-moving unit is not provided as an integral part of the equipment. [424.57](https://2023.antflix.net#424.57) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.57 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.58 | Heaters installed in an air duct shall be identified as suitable for the installation. [424.58](https://2023.antflix.net#424.58) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.58 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.59 | Means shall be provided to ensure uniform airflow over the face of the heater in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Informational Note: Heaters installed within 1.2 m (4 ft) of the outlet of an air-moving device, heat pump, air conditioner, elbows, baffle plates, or other obstructions in ductwork may require turning vanes, pressure plates, or other devices on the inlet side of the duct heater to ensure an even distribution of air over the face of the heater. [424.59](https://2023.antflix.net#424.59) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.59 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.60 | Duct heaters intended for use with elevated inlet air temperature shall be identified as suitable for use at the elevated temperatures. [424.60](https://2023.antflix.net#424.60) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.60 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.61 | Heat pumps and air conditioners having duct heaters closer than 1.2 m (4 ft) to the heat pump or air conditioner shall have both the duct heater and heat pump or air conditioner identified as suitable for such installation and so marked. [424.61](https://2023.antflix.net#424.61) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.61 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.62 | Duct heaters used with air conditioners or other air-cooling equipment that could result in condensation of moisture shall be identified as suitable for use with air conditioners. [424.62](https://2023.antflix.net#424.62) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.62 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.63 | Means shall be provided to ensure that the fan circuit is energized when any heater circuit is energized. However, time- or temperature-controlled delay in energizing the fan motor shall be permitted. [424.63](https://2023.antflix.net#424.63) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.63 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.64 | Each duct heater shall be provided with an approved, integral, automatic-reset temperature-limiting control or controllers to de-energize the circuit or circuits. In addition, an integral independent supplementary control or controllers shall be provided in each duct heater that disconnects a sufficient number of conductors to interrupt current flow. This device shall be manually resettable or replaceable. [424.64](https://2023.antflix.net#424.64) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.64 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.65 | Duct heater controller equipment shall be accessible with the disconnecting means installed within sight from the controller or as permitted by 424.19(A). [424.65](https://2023.antflix.net#424.65) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.65 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.66 | Duct heaters shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions in such a manner that the operation of the duct heater does not create a hazard to persons or property. Furthermore, duct heaters shall be located with respect to building construction and other equipment so as to permit access to the heater and the heater control. Working space shall be maintained in accordance with 110.26(A)(4) and shall permit replacement of controls and heating elements and for adjusting and cleaning of controls and other parts requiring such attention. Informational Note: See NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, and NFPA 90B, Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems, for additional installation information. [424.66](https://2023.antflix.net#424.66) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.66 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.70 | The provisions in Part VII of this article shall apply to boilers employing resistance-type heating elements. See Part VIII of this article for electrode-type boilers. [424.70](https://2023.antflix.net#424.70) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.70 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.71 | Resistance-type boilers shall be identified as suitable for the installation. [424.71](https://2023.antflix.net#424.71) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.71 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.72(A) | A boiler employing resistance-type immersion heating elements contained in an ASME-rated and stamped vessel shall have the heating elements protected at not more than 150 amperes. Such a boiler rated more than 120 amperes shall have the heating elements subdivided into loads not exceeding 120 amperes. Where a subdivided load is less than 120 amperes, the rating of the overcurrent protective device shall comply with 424.4(B). [424.72(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.72(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.72(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.72(B) | A boiler employing resistance-type heating elements not contained in an ASME-rated and stamped vessel shall have the heating elements protected at not more than 60 amperes. Such a boiler rated more than 48 amperes shall have the heating elements subdivided into loads not exceeding 48 amperes. Where a subdivided load is less than 48 amperes, the rating of the overcurrent protective device shall comply with 424.4(B). [424.72(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.72(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.72(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.72(C) | The supplementary overcurrent protective devices for the subdivided loads as required by 424.72(A) and (B) shall be as follows: Factory-installed within or on the boiler enclosure or provided as a separate assembly by the boiler manufacturerAccessible, but need not be readily accessibleSuitable for branch-circuit protectionWhere cartridge fuses are used to provide this overcurrent protection, a single disconnecting means shall be permitted for the several subdivided circuits. See 240.40. [424.72(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.72(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.72(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.72(D) | The conductors supplying these supplementary overcurrent protective devices shall be considered branch-circuit conductors. Where the heaters are rated 50 kW or more, the conductors supplying the overcurrent protective device specified in 424.72(C) shall be permitted to be sized at not less than 100 percent of the nameplate rating of the heater, provided all of the following conditions are met:The heater is marked with a minimum conductor size and conductor insulation temperature rating.The conductors are not smaller than the marked minimum size.A temperature- or pressure-actuated device controls the cyclic operation of the equipment. [424.72(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.72(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.72(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.72(E) | Field-wired conductors between the heater and the supplementary overcurrent protective devices shall be sized at not less than 125 percent of the load served. The supplementary overcurrent protective devices specified in 424.72(C) shall protect these conductors in accordance with 240.4. Where the heaters are rated 50 kW or more, the ampacity of field-wired conductors between the heater and the supplementary overcurrent protective devices shall be permitted to be not less than 100 percent of the load of their respective subdivided circuits, provided all of the following conditions are met:The heater is marked with a minimum conductor size.The conductors are not smaller than the marked minimum size.A temperature-activated device controls the cyclic operation of the equipment. [424.72(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.72(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.72(E) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.73 | Each boiler designed so that in normal operation there is no change in state of the heat transfer medium shall be equipped with a temperature-sensitive limiting means. It shall be installed to limit maximum liquid temperature and shall directly or indirectly disconnect all ungrounded conductors to the heating elements. Such means shall be in addition to a temperature-regulating system and other devices protecting the tank against excessive pressure. [424.73](https://2023.antflix.net#424.73) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.73 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.74 | Each boiler designed so that in normal operation there is a change in state of the heat transfer medium from liquid to vapor shall be equipped with a pressure-sensitive limiting means. It shall be installed to limit maximum pressure and shall directly or indirectly disconnect all ungrounded conductors to the heating elements. Such means shall be in addition to a pressure-regulating system and other devices protecting the tank against excessive pressure. [424.74](https://2023.antflix.net#424.74) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.74 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.80 | The provisions in Part VIII of this article shall apply to boilers for operation at 600 volts, nominal, or less, in which heat is generated by the passage of current between electrodes through the liquid being heated. Informational Note: See Part V of Article 495 for over 1000 volts. [424.80](https://2023.antflix.net#424.80) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.80 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.81 | Electrode-type boilers shall be identified as suitable for the installation. [424.81](https://2023.antflix.net#424.81) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.81 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.82 | The size of branch-circuit conductors and overcurrent protective devices shall be calculated on the basis of 125 percent of the total load (motors not included). A contactor, relay, or other device, approved for continuous operation at 100 percent of its rating, shall be permitted to supply its full-rated load. See 210.19(A), Exception to (1). The provisions of this section shall not apply to conductors that form an integral part of an approved boiler. Where an electrode boiler is rated 50 kW or more, the conductors supplying the boiler electrode(s) shall be permitted to be sized at not less than 100 percent of the nameplate rating of the electrode boiler, provided all the following conditions are met:The electrode boiler is marked with a minimum conductor size.The conductors are not smaller than the marked minimum size.A temperature- or pressure-actuated device controls the cyclic operation of the equipment. [424.82](https://2023.antflix.net#424.82) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.82 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.83 | Each boiler, designed so that in normal operation there is no change in state of the heat transfer medium, shall be equipped with a temperature-sensitive limiting means. It shall be installed to limit maximum liquid temperature and shall directly or indirectly interrupt all current flow through the electrodes. Such means shall be in addition to the temperature-regulating system and other devices protecting the tank against excessive pressure. [424.83](https://2023.antflix.net#424.83) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.83 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.84 | Each boiler, designed so that in normal operation there is a change in state of the heat transfer medium from liquid to vapor, shall be equipped with a pressure-sensitive limiting means. It shall be installed to limit maximum pressure and shall directly or indirectly interrupt all current flow through the electrodes. Such means shall be in addition to a pressure-regulating system and other devices protecting the tank against excessive pressure. [424.84](https://2023.antflix.net#424.84) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.84 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.85 | Boilers designed such that fault currents do not pass through the pressure vessel, and the pressure vessel is electrically isolated from the electrodes, all exposed noncurrent-carrying metal parts, including the pressure vessel, supply, and return connecting piping, shall be connected to an equipment grounding conductor. For all other designs, the pressure vessel containing the electrodes shall be isolated and electrically insulated from ground. [424.85](https://2023.antflix.net#424.85) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.85 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.86 | All electrode-type boilers shall be marked to show the following: The manufacturer's name.The rating in volts, amperes, and kilowatts.The electrical supply required specifying frequency, number of phases, and number of wires.The marking "Electrode-Type Boiler."A warning marking, "All Power Supplies Shall Be Disconnected Before Servicing, Including Servicing the Pressure Vessel."A field-applied warning marking or label shall comply with 110.21(B). The nameplate shall be located so as to be visible after installation. [424.86](https://2023.antflix.net#424.86) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.86 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.90 | The provisions of Part IX of this article shall apply to radiant heating panels and heating panel sets. [424.90](https://2023.antflix.net#424.90) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.90 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.92(A) | Markings shall be permanent and in a location that is visible prior to application of panel trim cover. [424.92(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.92(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.92(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.92(B) | Each unit shall be identified as suitable for the installation. [424.92(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.92(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.92(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.92(C) | Each unit shall be marked with the identifying name or identification symbol, catalog number, and rating in volts and watts or in volts and amperes. [424.92(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.92(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.92(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.93(A)(1) | Heating panels and heating panel sets shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. [424.93(A)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(A)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(A)(1) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.93(A)(2) | The heating portion shall not be installed as follows: In or behind surfaces where subject to physical damageRun through or above walls, partitions, cupboards, or similar portions of structures that extend to the ceilingRun in or through thermal insulation, but shall be permitted to be in contact with the surface of thermal insulationIn walls, except as permitted by 424.93(C) [424.93(A)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(A)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(A)(2) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.93(A)(3) | Edges of panels and panel sets shall be separated by not less than 200 mm (8 in.) from the edges of any outlet boxes and junction boxes that are to be used for mounting surface luminaires. A clearance of not less than 50 mm (2 in.) shall be provided from recessed luminaires and their trims, ventilating openings, and other such openings in room surfaces, unless the heating panels and panel sets are listed and marked for lesser clearances, in which case they shall be permitted to be installed at the marked clearances. Sufficient area shall be provided to ensure that no heating panel or heating panel set is to be covered by any surface-mounted equipment. [424.93(A)(3)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(A)(3)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(A)(3) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.93(A)(4) | After the heating panels or heating panel sets are installed and inspected, it shall be permitted to install a surface that has been identified by the manufacturer's instructions as being suitable for the installation. The surface shall be secured so that the nails or other fastenings do not pierce the heating panels or heating panel sets. [424.93(A)(4)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(A)(4)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(A)(4) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.93(A)(5) | Surfaces permitted by 424.93(A)(4) shall be permitted to be covered with paint, wallpaper, or other approved surfaces identified in the manufacturer's instructions as being suitable. [424.93(A)(5)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(A)(5)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(A)(5) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.93(B)(1) | Heating panel sets shall be permitted to be secured to the lower face of joists or mounted in between joists, headers, or nailing strips. [424.93(B)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(B)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(B)(1) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.93(B)(2) | Heating panel sets shall be installed parallel to joists or nailing strips. [424.93(B)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(B)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(B)(2) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.93(B)(3) | Nailing or stapling of heating panel sets shall be done only through the unheated portions provided for this purpose. Heating panel sets shall not be cut through or nailed through any point closer than 6 mm (1/4 in.) to the element. Nails, staples, or other fasteners shall not be used where they penetrate current-carrying parts. [424.93(B)(3)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(B)(3)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(B)(3) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.93(B)(4) | Heating panel sets shall be installed as complete units unless identified as suitable for field cutting in an approved manner. [424.93(B)(4)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(B)(4)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(B)(4) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.93(C) | Unless prohibited by 424.93(A)(2), heating panels shall be permitted to be installed in, on, or behind walls provided all of the following are met: Heating panels shall be identified as suitable for installation in, on, or behind walls.Heating panels shall be installed per the manufacturer's instructions and in accordance with the product listing.Heating panels shall be GFCI protected.Grounding means, such as copper braid, metal sheath, or other approved means, shall be provided.Heating panels shall be AFCI protected.Heating panels shall be permitted to be installed no more than 1.2 m (4 ft) above the floor.Exception: Low-voltage heating panels shall not be required to be GFCI protected.This requirement shall become effective January 1, 2026. [424.93(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.93(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.94 | Wiring located above heated ceilings shall be spaced not less than 50 mm (2 in.) above the heated ceiling. The ampacity shall be calculated on the basis of an assumed ambient temperature of not less than 50°C (122°F), applying the correction factors in accordance with 310.15(B)(1). If this wiring is located above thermal insulation having a minimum thickness of 50 mm (2 in.), it shall be subject to the ambient correction in accordance with 310.15(B)(1). [424.94](https://2023.antflix.net#424.94) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.94 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.95(A) | Wiring methods shall comply with 310.14(A)(3). [424.95(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.95(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.95(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.95(B) | The ampacity of any wiring behind heating panels or heating panel sets located in interior walls or partitions shall be calculated on the basis of an assumed ambient temperature of 40°C (104°F), applying the correction factors in accordance with 310.15(B)(1). [424.95(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.95(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.95(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.96(A) | Heating panels or heating panel sets assembled together in the field to form a heating installation in one room or area shall be connected in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. [424.96(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.96(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.96(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.96(B) | Heating panels shall be connected to branch-circuit wiring by an approved wiring method. [424.96(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.96(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.96(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.96(C)(1) | Heating panel sets shall be connected to branch-circuit wiring by a method identified as being suitable for the purpose. [424.96(C)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.96(C)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.96(C)(1) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.96(C)(2) | A heating panel set provided with terminal junction assembly shall be permitted to have the nonheating leads attached at the time of installation in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. [424.96(C)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.96(C)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.96(C)(2) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.97 | Excess nonheating leads of heating panels or heating panel sets shall be permitted to be cut to the required length as indicated in the manufacturer's installation instructions. Nonheating leads that are an integral part of a heating panel or heating panel set, either attached or provided by the manufacturer as part of a terminal junction assembly, shall not be subjected to the ampacity requirements of 424.4(B) for branch circuits. [424.97](https://2023.antflix.net#424.97) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.97 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.98(A) | Heating panels or heating panel sets shall be secured in place by means specified in the manufacturer's instructions and identified as suitable for the installation. [424.98(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.98(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.98(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.98(B) | Heating panels or heating panel sets shall not be installed where they bridge expansion joints unless provision is made for expansion and contraction. [424.98(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.98(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.98(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.98(C) | Spacings shall be maintained between heating panels or heating panel sets and metal embedded in the floor. Grounded metal-clad heating panels shall be permitted to be in contact with metal embedded in the floor. [424.98(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.98(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.98(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.98(D) | Leads shall be protected where they leave the floor by rigid metal conduit, intermediate metal conduit, rigid polyvinyl chloride conduit, or electrical metallic tubing, or by other approved means. [424.98(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.98(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.98(D) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.98(E) | Bushings or approved fittings shall be used where the leads emerge within the floor slabs. [424.98(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.98(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.98(E) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.99(A) | Heating panels or heating panel sets for installation under floor covering shall be identified as suitable for installation under floor covering. [424.99(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.99(B) | Listed heating panels or panel sets, if installed under floor covering, shall be installed on surfaces that are smooth and flat in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and shall also comply with 424.99(B)(1) through (B)(6). [424.99(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.99(B)(1) | Heating panels or heating panel sets shall not be installed where they bridge expansion joints unless protected from expansion and contraction. [424.99(B)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(B)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(B)(1) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.99(B)(2) | Heating panels and heating panel sets shall be connected to branch-circuit and supply wiring by wiring methods recognized in Chapter 3. [424.99(B)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(B)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(B)(2) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.99(B)(3) | Heating panels and heating panel sets shall be firmly anchored to the floor using an adhesive or anchoring system identified for this use. [424.99(B)(3)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(B)(3)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(B)(3) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.99(B)(4) | After heating panels or heating panel sets are installed and inspected, they shall be permitted to be covered by a floor covering that has been identified by the heater manufacturer as being suitable for the installation. [424.99(B)(4)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(B)(4)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(B)(4) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.99(B)(5) | In addition to the requirements in 210.8, branch circuits supplying the heating panel or heating panel sets shall have ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for personnel. [424.99(B)(5)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(B)(5)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(B)(5) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.99(B)(6) | Excluding nonheating leads, grounding means, such as copper braid, metal sheath, or other approved means, shall be provided with or as an integral part of the heating panel or heating panel set. [424.99(B)(6)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(B)(6)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.99(B)(6) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.100 | Low-voltage fixed electric space-heating equipment shall consist of an isolating power supply, low-voltage heaters, and associated equipment that are all identified for use in dry locations. [424.100](https://2023.antflix.net#424.100) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.100 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.101(A) | The power unit shall be an isolating type with a rated output not exceeding 25 amperes, 30 volts (42.4 volts peak) ac, or 60 volts dc under all load conditions. [424.101(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.101(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.101(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.101(B) | Listed low-voltage fixed electric space-heating equipment shall be permitted to be supplied directly from an alternate energy source such as solar photovoltaic (PV) or wind power. When supplied from such a source, the source and any power conversion equipment between the source and the heating equipment and its supply shall be listed and comply with the applicable section of the NEC for the source used. The output of the source shall meet the limits of 424.101(A). [424.101(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.101(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.101(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.102 | Low-voltage fixed electric space-heating equipment shall be listed as a complete system. [424.102](https://2023.antflix.net#424.102) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.102 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.103(A) | Equipment shall be installed per the manufacturer's installation instructions. [424.103(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.103(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.103(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.103(B) | Secondary circuits shall not be grounded. [424.103(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.103(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.103(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.103(C) | Ground-fault protection shall not be required. [424.103(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.103(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.103(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.104(A) | Equipment shall be permitted to be supplied from branch circuits rated not over 30 amperes. [424.104(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.104(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.104(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 424.104(B) | The equipment shall be considered a continuous duty load. [424.104(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#424.104(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#424.104(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.1 | This article covers fixed industrial process heating employing electric resistance or electrode heating technology. For the purpose of this article, heating equipment includes boilers, electrode boilers, duct heaters, strip heaters, immersion heaters, process air heaters, or other fixed electric equipment used for industrial process heating. [425.1](https://2023.antflix.net#425.1) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.1 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.3 | Fixed industrial process heating equipment incorporating a hermetic refrigerant motor-compressor shall additionally comply with Table 425.3.
Table 425.3 Other Articles
Equipment
Article
Motors, motor circuits, and controllers
430
Air-conditioning and refrigerating equipment
440 (Parts I through IV)
[425.3](https://2023.antflix.net#425.3) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.3 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.4(A) | An individual branch circuit shall be permitted to supply any volt-ampere or wattage rating of fixed industrial process heating equipment for which the branch circuit is rated. [425.4(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.4(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.4(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.4(B) | Fixed industrial process heating equipment and motors shall be considered continuous loads. [425.4(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.4(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.4(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.6 | Fixed industrial process heating equipment shall be listed. [425.6](https://2023.antflix.net#425.6) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.6 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.10(A) | Fixed industrial process heating equipment shall be accessible. [425.10(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.10(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.10(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.10(B) | Working space about electrical enclosures for fixed industrial process heating equipment that require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized shall be accessible, and the work space for personnel shall comply with 110.26 and 110.34, based upon the utilization voltage to ground. Exception: With special permission, in industrial establishments only, where conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons will service the installation, working space less than that required in 110.26 or 110.34 shall be permitted, [425.10(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.10(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.10(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.10(C) | Where the enclosure is located above grade, the floor, or a work platform, all of the following shall apply: The enclosure shall be accessible.The width of the working space shall be the width of the enclosure or a minimum of 762 mm (30 in.), whichever is greater.The depth of the workspace shall comply with 110.26(A) or 110.34 based upon the voltage to ground.All doors or hinged panels shall open to at least 90 degrees. [425.10(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.10(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.10(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.11 | Fixed industrial process heating equipment requiring supply conductors with over 60°C insulation shall be clearly and permanently marked. This marking shall be plainly visible after installation and shall be permitted to be adjacent to the field connection box. [425.11](https://2023.antflix.net#425.11) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.11 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.12(A) | Where subject to physical damage, fixed industrial process heating equipment shall be protected in an approved manner. [425.12(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.12(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.12(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.12(B) | Fixed industrial process heating equipment installed in damp or wet locations shall be listed for such locations and shall be constructed and installed so that water or other liquids cannot enter or accumulate in or on wired sections, electrical components, or ductwork. Informational Note: See 110.11 for equipment exposed to deteriorating agents. [425.12(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.12(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.12(B) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.13 | Fixed industrial process heating equipment shall be installed to provide the required spacing between the equipment and adjacent combustible material, unless it is listed to be installed in direct contact with combustible material. [425.13](https://2023.antflix.net#425.13) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.13 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.14 | In industrial occupancies, infrared industrial process heating equipment lampholders shall be permitted to be operated in series on circuits of over 150 volts to ground, provided the voltage rating of the lampholders is not less than the circuit voltage. Each section, panel, or strip carrying a number of infrared lampholders, including the terminal wiring of such section, panel, or strip, shall be considered as infrared industrial heating equipment. The terminal connection block of each assembly shall be considered an individual outlet. [425.14](https://2023.antflix.net#425.14) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.14 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.19 | Means shall be provided to simultaneously disconnect the heater, motor controller(s), and supplementary overcurrent protective device(s) of all fixed industrial process heating equipment from all ungrounded conductors. Where heating equipment is supplied by more than one source, feeder, or branch circuit, the disconnecting means shall be grouped and identified as having multiple disconnecting means. Each disconnecting means shall simultaneously disconnect all ungrounded conductors that it controls. The disconnecting means specified in 425.19(A) and (B) shall have an ampere rating not less than 125 percent of the total load of the motors and the heaters and shall be capable of being locked in the open position in compliance with 110.25. [425.19](https://2023.antflix.net#425.19) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.19 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.19(A) | The disconnecting means for fixed industrial process heating equipment with supplementary overcurrent protection shall be within sight from the supplementary overcurrent protective device(s), on the supply side of these devices, if fuses, and, in addition, shall comply with either 425.19(A)(1) or (A)(2). [425.19(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.19(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.19(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.19(A)(1) | The disconnecting means specified in 425.19 or unit switches complying with 425.19(C) shall be permitted to serve as the required disconnecting means for both the motor controller(s) and heater under either of the following conditions: The disconnecting means provided is also within sight from the motor controller(s) and the heater.The disconnecting means is capable of being locked in the open position in compliance with 110.25. [425.19(A)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.19(A)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.19(A)(1) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.19(A)(2) | The disconnecting means required by 425.19(A)(1) shall be permitted to serve as the required disconnecting means for both the motor controller(s) and heater under either of the following conditions: The disconnecting means is in sight from the motor controller(s) and the heater and complies with Part IX of Article 430.Motor(s) of more than 1/8 hp and the heater are provided with disconnecting means. The disconnecting means shall be permitted to be out of sight from the motor controller and shall be capable of being locked in the open position in compliance with 110.25. [425.19(A)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.19(A)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.19(A)(2) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.19(B)(1) | For fixed industrial process heating equipment without a motor rated over 1/8 hp, the branch-circuit switch or circuit breaker shall be permitted to serve as the disconnecting means where the switch or circuit breaker is within sight from the heater, shall be permitted to be out of sight from the motor controller, and shall be capable of being locked in the open position in compliance with 110.25. [425.19(B)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.19(B)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.19(B)(1) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.19(B)(2) | For motor-driven fixed industrial process heating equipment with a motor rated over 1/8 hp, a disconnecting means shall be located within sight from the motor controller or shall be permitted to be out of sight from the motor controller and shall be capable of being locked in the open position in compliance with 110.25. [425.19(B)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.19(B)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.19(B)(2) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.19(C) | A unit switch(es) with a marked "off" position that is part of a fixed heater and disconnects all ungrounded conductors shall be permitted as the disconnecting means required by this article. The branch circuit switch or circuit breaker, where readily accessible for servicing of the fixed heater, shall be permitted as the other disconnecting means. [425.19(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.19(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.19(C) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.21 | Switches and circuit breakers used as disconnecting means shall be of the indicating type. [425.21](https://2023.antflix.net#425.21) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.21 |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.22(A) | Fixed industrial process heating equipment, other than motor-operated equipment required to have additional overcurrent protection by Parts III and IV of Article 430 or Part III of Article 440, shall be permitted to be protected against overcurrent where supplied by one of the branch circuits in Part II of Article 210. [425.22(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.22(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.22(A) |
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use | 425.22(B) | Resistance-type heating elements in fixed industrial process heating equipment shall be protected at not more than 60 amperes. Equipment rated more than 48 amperes and employing such elements shall have the heating elements subdivided, and each subdivided load shall not exceed 48 amperes. Resistance-type heating elements in fixed industrial process heating equipment shall be permitted to be subdivided into circuits not exceeding 120 amperes and protected at not more than 150 amperes where one of the following is met:Elements are integral with and enclosed within a process heating surface.Elements are completely contained within an enclosure identified as suitable for this use.Elements are contained within an ASME-rated and stamped vessel.Where a subdivided load is less than 48 amperes, the rating of the supplementary overcurrent protective device shall comply with 425.4(B). A boiler employing resistance-type immersion heating elements contained in an ASME-rated and stamped vessel shall be permitted to comply with 425.72(A). [425.22(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#425.22(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#425.22(B) |
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