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1. Combined Modality Therapy [methods]; 2. Ginkgo biloba; 3. Lasers, Excimer [therapeutic use]; 4. PUVA Therapy [methods]; 5. Photosensitizing Agents [therapeutic use]; 6. Phototherapy [methods]; 7. Plant Extracts [therapeutic use]; 8. Quality of Life; 9. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 10. Skin Pigmentation; 11. Skin Transplantation [methods]; 12. Steroids [administration & dosage]; 13. Vitiligo [*therapy];
Provide MESH terms for the study Interventions for vitiligo
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Moving and Lifting Patients; 2. *Patient Positioning; 3. *Wound Healing; 4. Pressure Ulcer [*therapy];
Provide MESH terms for the study Repositioning for treating pressure ulcers
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Negative‐Pressure Wound Therapy; 2. *Wound Healing; 3. Burns [pathology, *therapy]; 4. Occlusive Dressings; 5. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 6. Suction [instrumentation, methods];
Provide MESH terms for the study Negative pressure wound therapy for partial‐thickness burns
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Transplant Donor Site; 2. Anabolic Agents [therapeutic use]; 3. Body Surface Area; 4. Burns [*drug therapy, pathology]; 5. Human Growth Hormone [*therapeutic use]; 6. Oxandrolone [therapeutic use]; 7. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 8. Recombinant Proteins [therapeutic use]; 9. Wound Healing [*drug effects];
Provide MESH terms for the study Recombinant human growth hormone for treating burns and donor sites
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Hand Disinfection; 2. Bacteria [isolation & purification]; 3. Colony Count, Microbial; 4. Cosmetics [*adverse effects]; 5. General Surgery; 6. Hand [*microbiology]; 7. Jewelry [*microbiology]; 8. Lacquer [*microbiology]; 9. Nails [*microbiology]; 10. Nursing Staff; 11. Operating Room Technicians; 12. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 13. Surgical Wound Infection [*prevention & control];
Provide MESH terms for the study Removal of nail polish and finger rings to prevent surgical infection
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Anti‐Infective Agents, Local [*administration & dosage]; 2. Antineoplastic Agents [administration & dosage]; 3. Biological Dressings; 4. Disease Progression; 5. Metronidazole [administration & dosage]; 6. Odorants [*prevention & control]; 7. Ointments [administration & dosage]; 8. Phosphorylcholine [administration & dosage, analogs & derivatives]; 9. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 10. Silver Compounds [administration & dosage]; 11. Skin Neoplasms [complications, *drug therapy]; 12. Skin Ulcer [*drug therapy]; 13. Wounds and Injuries [drug therapy];
Provide MESH terms for the study Topical agents and dressings for fungating wounds
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Bedding and Linens; 2. *Heel; 3. Beds; 4. Foot Ulcer [etiology, *therapy]; 5. Orthotic Devices; 6. Patient Dropouts; 7. Pressure Ulcer [*therapy]; 8. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Pressure‐relieving devices for treating heel pressure ulcers
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Photochemotherapy [*methods]; 2. Photosensitizing Agents [*therapeutic use]; 3. Psoriasis [*drug therapy, pathology]; 4. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 5. Treatment Outcome; 6. Ultraviolet Therapy [*methods];
Provide MESH terms for the study Narrow‐band ultraviolet B phototherapy versus broad‐band ultraviolet B or psoralen‐ultraviolet A photochemotherapy for psoriasis
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Anti‐Bacterial Agents [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 2. Antibiotic Prophylaxis [adverse effects, *methods]; 3. Bandages; 4. Burns [*complications]; 5. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 6. Silver Sulfadiazine [adverse effects, therapeutic use]; 7. Skin, Artificial; 8. Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination [adverse effects, therapeutic use]; 9. Wound Infection [chemically induced, *prevention & control];
Provide MESH terms for the study Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing burn wound infection
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Acamprosate; 2. *Alcoholism [prevention & control]; 3. Amitriptyline; 4. Developing Countries; 5. Disulfiram; 6. Mirtazapine; 7. Naltrexone; 8. Ondansetron; 9. Topiramate;
Provide MESH terms for the study Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Acamprosate [adverse effects, therapeutic use]; 2. Alcohol Drinking [drug therapy]; 3. *Alcoholism [drug therapy]; 4. *Baclofen [adverse effects, therapeutic use]; 5. Chronic Disease; 6. Naltrexone [adverse effects, therapeutic use];
Provide MESH terms for the study Baclofen for alcohol use disorder
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Analgesics, Opioid [adverse effects]; 2. *Buprenorphine [adverse effects]; 3. Heroin [adverse effects]; 4. Methadone [adverse effects]; 5. *Opioid-Related Disorders [drug therapy]; 6. Pharmaceutical Preparations;
Provide MESH terms for the study Opioid agonist treatment for people who are dependent on pharmaceutical opioids
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Anxiety [therapy]; 2. Bias; 3. Craving; 4. *Music Therapy; 5. *Substance-Related Disorders [therapy];
Provide MESH terms for the study Music therapy for people with substance use disorders
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Primary Health Care; 2. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 3. Smoking [epidemiology]; 4. *Smoking Cessation [methods]; 5. Smoking Prevention; 6. Tobacco Use Cessation Devices;
Provide MESH terms for the study Strategies to improve smoking cessation rates in primary care
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Bias; 2. Carbon Monoxide [analysis]; 3. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; 4. Cotinine [analysis]; 5. Counseling [methods]; 6. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; 7. *Ill-Housed Persons; 8. Life Style; 9. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 10. Smoking [blood, *therapy]; 11. Smoking Cessation [*methods]; 12. Text Messaging; 13. Tobacco Use Cessation Devices;
Provide MESH terms for the study Interventions to reduce tobacco use in people experiencing homelessness
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Analgesics, Opioid [*therapeutic use]; 2. Codeine [*analogs & derivatives, therapeutic use]; 3. Maintenance Chemotherapy [*methods]; 4. Opiate Substitution Treatment [*methods]; 5. Opioid‐Related Disorders [*drug therapy]; 6. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Arthritis, Infectious [*pathology]; 2. Arthritis, Rheumatoid [*pathology]; 3. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; 4. Joint Diseases [*pathology]; 5. Osteoarthritis [pathology]; 6. Quality of Life; 7. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 8. Smoking [*adverse effects]; 9. Smoking Cessation [*methods]; 10. Spondylarthritis [pathology];
Provide MESH terms for the study Smoking cessation intervention for reducing disease activity in chronic autoimmune inflammatory joint diseases
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Behavior Therapy [methods]; 2. *Smoking Cessation [methods]; 3. *Tobacco Use Disorder [therapy]; 4. Bupropion [therapeutic use]; 5. Combined Modality Therapy; 6. Nicotinic Agonists [therapeutic use]; 7. Nortriptyline [therapeutic use]; 8. Smoking [therapy]; 9. Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; 10. Varenicline [therapeutic use];
Provide MESH terms for the study Additional behavioural support as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Amphetamines [adverse effects]; 2. Amphetamine‐Related Disorders [complications, *therapy]; 3. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy [*methods]; 4. Patient Dropouts [statistics & numerical data]; 5. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 6. Sample Size; 7. Waiting Lists;
Provide MESH terms for the study Cognitive‐behavioural treatment for amphetamine‐type stimulants (ATS)‐use disorders
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Alcohol Abstinence [statistics & numerical data]; 2. Alcohol Drinking [epidemiology]; 3. Alcoholism [complications, *drug therapy]; 4. Antidepressive Agents [*therapeutic use]; 5. Depressive Disorder, Major [complications, *drug therapy]; 6. Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); 7. Placebos [therapeutic use]; 8. Psychotherapy; 9. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Antidepressants for the treatment of people with co‐occurring depression and alcohol dependence
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Age Factors; 2. Alcohol Drinking [*therapy]; 3. Alcoholism [*therapy]; 4. Emergencies [epidemiology]; 5. Family Practice [statistics & numerical data]; 6. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Cell Phone; 2. *Computers, Handheld; 3. *Minicomputers; 4. Alcohol Drinking [epidemiology, therapy]; 5. Alcohol‐Related Disorders [epidemiology, *therapy]; 6. Behavior Therapy [*methods]; 7. Binge Drinking [epidemiology, therapy]; 8. Cost‐Benefit Analysis; 9. Motivational Interviewing; 10. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 11. Therapy, Computer‐Assisted [*methods];
Provide MESH terms for the study Personalised digital interventions for reducing hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption in community‐dwelling populations
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Adrenergic alpha‐Agonists [*therapeutic use]; 2. Clonidine [analogs & derivatives, therapeutic use]; 3. Naloxone [therapeutic use]; 4. Naltrexone [therapeutic use]; 5. Narcotic Antagonists [*therapeutic use]; 6. Non‐Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 7. Opioid‐Related Disorders [*rehabilitation]; 8. Prospective Studies; 9. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 10. Severity of Illness Index; 11. Substance Withdrawal Syndrome [*drug therapy];
Provide MESH terms for the study Opioid antagonists with minimal sedation for opioid withdrawal
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Analgesics, Opioid [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 2. Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 3. Directly Observed Therapy [adverse effects, *methods]; 4. Methadone [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 5. Observational Studies as Topic; 6. Opiate Substitution Treatment [adverse effects, *methods]; 7. Opioid‐Related Disorders [*drug therapy]; 8. Prescription Drug Diversion [statistics & numerical data]; 9. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Supervised dosing with a long‐acting opioid medication in the management of opioid dependence
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Central Nervous System Stimulants [*therapeutic use]; 2. Cocaine‐Related Disorders [*drug therapy]; 3. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Psychostimulant drugs for cocaine dependence
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Ambulatory Care; 2. *Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; 3. Marijuana Abuse [psychology, *therapy]; 4. Motivational Interviewing; 5. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Psychosocial interventions for cannabis use disorder
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Acute Disease; 2. Adrenergic alpha‐2 Receptor Agonists [*therapeutic use]; 3. Clonidine [analogs & derivatives, therapeutic use]; 4. Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; 5. Methadone [administration & dosage, therapeutic use]; 6. Opiate Substitution Treatment [methods]; 7. Opioid‐Related Disorders [*complications]; 8. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 9. Substance Withdrawal Syndrome [*rehabilitation];
Provide MESH terms for the study Alpha2‐adrenergic agonists for the management of opioid withdrawal
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Antipsychotic Agents [*therapeutic use]; 2. Aripiprazole [therapeutic use]; 3. Benzodiazepines [therapeutic use]; 4. Cocaine‐Related Disorders [*drug therapy]; 5. Haloperidol [therapeutic use]; 6. Lamotrigine; 7. Olanzapine; 8. Patient Dropouts [statistics & numerical data]; 9. Quetiapine Fumarate [therapeutic use]; 10. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 11. Reserpine [therapeutic use]; 12. Risperidone [therapeutic use]; 13. Triazines [therapeutic use];
Provide MESH terms for the study Antipsychotic medications for cocaine dependence
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Amantadine [therapeutic use]; 2. Antidepressive Agents [therapeutic use]; 3. Bromocriptine [therapeutic use]; 4. Cocaine‐Related Disorders [*drug therapy]; 5. Depression [drug therapy]; 6. Dopamine Agonists [*therapeutic use]; 7. Levodopa [therapeutic use]; 8. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 9. Selection Bias;
Provide MESH terms for the study Dopamine agonists for the treatment of cocaine dependence
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Anticonvulsants [*therapeutic use]; 2. Cocaine‐Related Disorders [*drug therapy]; 3. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Anticonvulsants for cocaine dependence
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *School Health Services; 2. Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; 3. Marijuana Abuse [prevention & control]; 4. Program Evaluation; 5. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 6. Substance‐Related Disorders [*prevention & control];
Provide MESH terms for the study Universal school‐based prevention for illicit drug use
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Advertising [*methods, statistics & numerical data]; 2. Alcohol Drinking [epidemiology, *prevention & control]; 3. Interrupted Time Series Analysis; 4. Motion Pictures [*statistics & numerical data]; 5. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Restricting or banning alcohol advertising to reduce alcohol consumption in adults and adolescents
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Buprenorphine [therapeutic use]; 2. Maintenance Chemotherapy [*methods]; 3. Methadone [therapeutic use]; 4. Methadyl Acetate [therapeutic use]; 5. Naloxone [therapeutic use]; 6. Narcotics [*therapeutic use]; 7. Opiate Substitution Treatment [*methods]; 8. Opioid‐Related Disorders [*rehabilitation]; 9. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Maintenance treatments for opiate ‐dependent adolescents
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Alcohol Abstinence [statistics & numerical data]; 2. Alcoholism [*drug therapy]; 3. Anticonvulsants [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 4. Naltrexone [therapeutic use]; 5. Patient Dropouts [statistics & numerical data]; 6. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 7. Risk Assessment;
Provide MESH terms for the study Anticonvulsants for alcohol dependence
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Buprenorphine [*therapeutic use]; 2. Maintenance Chemotherapy [methods]; 3. Methadone [*therapeutic use]; 4. Narcotic Antagonists [*therapeutic use]; 5. Narcotics [therapeutic use]; 6. Opioid‐Related Disorders [*rehabilitation]; 7. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Amphetamine‐Related Disorders [*drug therapy]; 2. Benzhydryl Compounds [therapeutic use]; 3. Bupropion [therapeutic use]; 4. Central Nervous System Stimulants [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 5. Dextroamphetamine [therapeutic use]; 6. Methylphenidate [therapeutic use]; 7. Modafinil; 8. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Efficacy of psychostimulant drugs for amphetamine abuse or dependence
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Cholinergic Antagonists [therapeutic use]; 2. *Electric Stimulation Therapy [methods]; 3. Pelvic Floor; 4. Quality of Life; 5. Receptors, Adrenergic; 6. Urinary Bladder; 7. *Urinary Bladder, Overactive [therapy]; 8. *Urinary Incontinence [therapy];
Provide MESH terms for the study Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Estrogens [therapeutic use]; 2. *Pelvis; 3. Pessaries; 4. *Postmenopause; 5. Urinary Bladder;
Provide MESH terms for the study Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Electric Stimulation Therapy [methods]; 2. Exercise Therapy [methods]; 3. Pelvic Floor; 4. Prostate; 5. *Prostatic Neoplasms [surgery]; 6. *Urinary Incontinence [etiology, therapy];
Provide MESH terms for the study Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists [therapeutic use]; 2. Ejaculation; 3. Hyperthermia, Induced [*methods]; 4. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [etiology, *therapy]; 5. Microwaves [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 6. Penile Erection; 7. Prostatic Hyperplasia [*therapy]; 8. Quality of Life; 9. Radiofrequency Therapy [*methods]; 10. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 11. Retreatment; 12. Transurethral Resection of Prostate [adverse effects];
Provide MESH terms for the study Transurethral microwave thermotherapy for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 2. Bias; 3. Cholinergic Antagonists [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 4. Drug Therapy, Combination [adverse effects, methods]; 5. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [*drug therapy, etiology]; 6. Prostatic Hyperplasia [*complications]; 7. Quality of Life; 8. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Anticholinergics combined with alpha‐blockers for treating lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic obstruction
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Hyperthermia, Induced [*methods]; 2. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [etiology]; 3. Prostatic Hyperplasia [complications, *therapy]; 4. Radiofrequency Therapy [*methods]; 5. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 6. Steam; 7. Treatment Outcome;
Provide MESH terms for the study Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [etiology, *surgery]; 2. Prostatic Hyperplasia [*complications]; 3. Quality of Life; 4. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 5. Transurethral Resection of Prostate [*methods]; 6. Treatment Outcome; 7. Urologic Surgical Procedures;
Provide MESH terms for the study Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [*etiology]; 2. Prostatic Hyperplasia [*complications]; 3. Transurethral Resection of Prostate; 4. Urethra [physiopathology, *surgery];
Provide MESH terms for the study Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Exercise [*physiology]; 2. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [*etiology, *therapy]; 3. Prostatic Hyperplasia [*complications, therapy]; 4. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 5. Treatment Outcome;
Provide MESH terms for the study Physical activity for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Antibiotic Prophylaxis [adverse effects]; 2. Anti‐Infective Agents, Urinary [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 3. Cystoscopy [*adverse effects]; 4. Drug Resistance, Bacterial; 5. Placebos [therapeutic use]; 6. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 7. Urinary Tract Infections [etiology, *prevention & control];
Provide MESH terms for the study Antimicrobial agents for preventing urinary tract infections in adults undergoing cystoscopy
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Analgesics, Opioid [administration & dosage]; 2. Emergency Service, Hospital [statistics & numerical data]; 3. Hospitalization [statistics & numerical data]; 4. Kidney Calculi [*surgery]; 5. Pain Measurement; 6. Pain, Postoperative [diagnosis, prevention & control]; 7. Postoperative Complications [diagnosis, *prevention & control]; 8. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 9. *Stents; 10. *Ureter; 11. Ureteral Calculi [*surgery]; 12. Ureteral Obstruction [prevention & control]; 13. Ureteroscopy [adverse effects, *methods]; 14. Urinary Tract Infections [epidemiology, prevention & control];
Provide MESH terms for the study Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Adrenergic alpha‐Antagonists [therapeutic use]; 2. Drug Therapy, Combination; 3. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [*drug therapy, etiology]; 4. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 5. Prostatic Hyperplasia [*complications]; 6. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 2. Benzilates [adverse effects, therapeutic use]; 3. Drug Combinations; 4. Ethamsylate [adverse effects, therapeutic use]; 5. Indoles [adverse effects, therapeutic use]; 6. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [*drug therapy, etiology]; 7. Naphthalenes [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 8. Piperazines [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 9. Plant Extracts [adverse effects, therapeutic use]; 10. Prostatic Hyperplasia [*complications]; 11. Prostatism [*drug therapy, etiology]; 12. Quality of Life; 13. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 14. Sulfonamides [adverse effects, therapeutic use]; 15. Tamsulosin [adverse effects, therapeutic use]; 16. Urological Agents [adverse effects, *therapeutic use];
Provide MESH terms for the study Naftopidil for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with benign prostatic hyperplasia
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Acupuncture Therapy [adverse effects, methods]; 2. Chronic Disease; 3. Chronic Pain [*therapy]; 4. Circumcision, Male [adverse effects]; 5. Electromagnetic Radiation; 6. Exercise; 7. Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy [adverse effects, methods]; 8. Hyperthermia, Induced [adverse effects, methods]; 9. Life Style; 10. Massage [methods]; 11. Pelvic Pain [*therapy]; 12. Prostatitis [*therapy]; 13. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Electric Stimulation Therapy [adverse effects, instrumentation, *methods]; 2. Pelvic Floor; 3. Publication Bias; 4. Quality of Life; 5. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 6. Self Report; 7. Treatment Outcome; 8. Urinary Incontinence, Stress [*therapy];
Provide MESH terms for the study Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Adrenergic alpha‐1 Receptor Antagonists [*therapeutic use]; 2. Indoles [*therapeutic use]; 3. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [*drug therapy, etiology]; 4. Naphthalenes [therapeutic use]; 5. Piperazines [therapeutic use]; 6. Prostatic Hyperplasia [*complications]; 7. Quinazolines [therapeutic use]; 8. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 9. Urological Agents [*therapeutic use];
Provide MESH terms for the study Silodosin for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Adrenergic alpha‐Antagonists [therapeutic use]; 2. Antidiuretic Agents [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 3. Cholinergic Antagonists [therapeutic use]; 4. Deamino Arginine Vasopressin [adverse effects, *therapeutic use]; 5. Drug Therapy, Combination; 6. Nocturia [*drug therapy]; 7. Quality of Life; 8. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 9. Withholding Treatment;
Provide MESH terms for the study Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Kidney Pelvis [surgery]; 2. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 3. Sample Size; 4. Ureteral Obstruction [surgery, *therapy];
Provide MESH terms for the study Surgery versus non‐surgical management for unilateral ureteric‐pelvic junction obstruction in newborns and infants less than two years of age
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Anti‐Bacterial Agents [*therapeutic use]; 2. Bacterial Infections [*drug therapy, microbiology]; 3. Chlamydia Infections [drug therapy]; 4. Chronic Disease; 5. Fluoroquinolones [*therapeutic use]; 6. Macrolides [*therapeutic use]; 7. Prostatitis [*drug therapy, microbiology]; 8. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Debridement; 2. *Plastic Surgery Procedures; 3. *Pressure Ulcer [surgery]; 4. Wound Healing;
Provide MESH terms for the study Reconstructive surgery for treating pressure ulcers
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Anti-Bacterial Agents [therapeutic use]; 2. Debridement; 3. *Fractures, Open [surgery]; 4. Lower Extremity; 5. *Plastic Surgery Procedures;
Provide MESH terms for the study Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Air; 2. *Bedding and Linens; 3. *Beds; 4. Bias; 5. *Elasticity; 6. Pressure Ulcer [*prevention & control]; 7. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 8. Viscoelastic Substances; 9. Water;
Provide MESH terms for the study Reactive air surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Abscess [epidemiology]; 2. Anti‐Bacterial Agents [administration & dosage]; 3. Anti‐Infective Agents, Local [administration & dosage]; 4. Drug Combinations; 5. Hypochlorous Acid [administration & dosage]; 6. Incidence; 7. Povidone‐Iodine [administration & dosage]; 8. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 9. Sodium Hypochlorite [administration & dosage]; 10. Surgical Wound Dehiscence [epidemiology]; 11. Surgical Wound Infection [epidemiology, *prevention & control]; 12. Therapeutic Irrigation [methods];
Provide MESH terms for the study Intracavity lavage and wound irrigation for prevention of surgical site infection
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Bandages; 2. Administration, Topical; 3. Anti‐Bacterial Agents [administration & dosage]; 4. Bandages, Hydrocolloid; 5. Dermatologic Agents [*administration & dosage]; 6. Ointments; 7. Phenytoin [*administration & dosage]; 8. Pressure Ulcer [classification, *drug therapy]; 9. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Topical phenytoin for treating pressure ulcers
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Anti‐Bacterial Agents [*therapeutic use]; 2. Debridement [*methods]; 3. Drugs, Chinese Herbal [*therapeutic use]; 4. Gas Gangrene [microbiology, *therapy]; 5. Hyperbaric Oxygenation [*methods]; 6. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 7. Treatment Outcome;
Provide MESH terms for the study Interventions for treating gas gangrene
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Bandages; 2. *Central Venous Catheters; 3. Catheter‐Related Infections [*prevention & control]; 4. Catheterization, Central Venous [instrumentation, *methods]; 5. Chlorhexidine [administration & dosage, analogs & derivatives]; 6. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Dressings and securement devices for central venous catheters (CVC)
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Bandages; 2. *Calcium Sulfate; 3. *Surgical Tape; 4. Adhesives; 5. Catheter Obstruction; 6. Catheter‐Related Infections [prevention & control]; 7. Catheterization, Peripheral [adverse effects, instrumentation, *methods]; 8. Catheters [*adverse effects]; 9. Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials [prevention & control]; 10. Oligopeptides; 11. Phlebitis [prevention & control]; 12. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;
Provide MESH terms for the study Devices and dressings to secure peripheral venous catheters to prevent complications
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. Anti‐Inflammatory Agents [*administration & dosage]; 2. Dexamethasone [*administration & dosage]; 3. Ecchymosis [*prevention & control]; 4. Edema [*prevention & control]; 5. Glucocorticoids [*administration & dosage]; 6. Methylprednisolone [*administration & dosage]; 7. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 8. Rhinoplasty [*adverse effects]; 9. Rhytidoplasty [*adverse effects];
Provide MESH terms for the study Perioperative corticosteroids for preventing complications following facial plastic surgery
You are a research assistant. Based on the question please provide appropriate answers
1. *Abdominal Wound Closure Techniques [adverse effects]; 2. *Suture Techniques [adverse effects]; 3. Abdominal Wall [*surgery]; 4. Groin [*surgery]; 5. Length of Stay; 6. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 7. Surgical Wound Dehiscence [epidemiology]; 8. Surgical Wound Infection [epidemiology];
Provide MESH terms for the study Continuous versus interrupted skin sutures for non‐obstetric surgery
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1. Bandages; 2. Bone Nails [*adverse effects]; 3. Bone Wires [*adverse effects]; 4. Disinfectants [administration & dosage]; 5. External Fixators [*adverse effects]; 6. Fracture Fixation [*instrumentation]; 7. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 8. Surgical Wound Infection [*prevention & control]; 9. Therapeutic Irrigation [methods]; 10. Traction [instrumentation];
Provide MESH terms for the study Pin site care for preventing infections associated with external bone fixators and pins
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1. *Antibiotic Prophylaxis; 2. Anti‐Infective Agents [*therapeutic use]; 3. Bacterial Infections [*prevention & control]; 4. Gastrostomy [adverse effects, *methods]; 5. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; 6. Risk Factors; 7. Surgical Wound Infection [etiology, *prevention & control];
Provide MESH terms for the study Systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
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Eczema. When multiple measures were reported, the hierarchy of diagnosis was investigator assessment as described by the Hanifin and Rajka criteria in their original form (Hanifin 1980), or by the UK Working Party refinement of them (Williams 1994), other modifications of the Hanifin and Rajka criteria, doctor diagnosis of eczema, then patient or parent report of eczema.Food allergy. When multiple measures of food allergy were reported, the hierarchy of diagnosis was confirmed IgE‐mediated food allergy diagnosed via oral food challenge, with eligibility for oral food challenge decided as per study protocol, although ideally based on current recommendations (Grabenhenrich 2017). If oral food challenge was not available, then food allergy was as diagnosed by investigator assessment using a combination of clinical history and allergy testing: skin prick testing and serum‐specific IgE. We defined IgE sensitisation as skin test to a food of 3 mm or more, or specific IgE of 0.35 kUa/L or higher. The primary foods of interest were milk, egg, and peanut; however, we collected data on any foods that were available from each study.
Provide primary outcome for the study Skin care interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy
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Rate of reduction of steroid dosageClinical improvementImprovement in symptoms, e.g. wheezeImprovement in chest x‐ray (CXR) scoresImprovement in spirometric lung function, e.g. forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC)Nutritional status, e.g. weight gain, body mass index (this outcome measure may be complicated by the confounding influence of steroid reduction on weight)Time to next exacerbation, or acute ABPA episode
Provide primary outcome for the study Antifungal therapies for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with cystic fibrosis
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Number of participants responding to anti‐IgE therapy (as defined by a decrease in oral corticosteroid dose by 50% or more in comparison to baseline)Number of participants requiring rescue therapy with corticosteroids Adverse effectsmild (do not lead to discontinuation of treatment)moderate (lead to a change in treatment)severe (lead to hospitalisation or are life‐threatening)
Provide primary outcome for the study Anti‐IgE therapy for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with cystic fibrosis
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Diagnosis of IgE‐mediated food allergy.Cumulative incidence of atopic diseases. As planned and prespecified in our protocol (Data Synthesis section), we added this outcome as only one study systematically assessed the atopic outcomes of interest, and 'diagnosis of IgE‐mediated food allergy' outcome data were not available by study arm.All‐cause serious adverse events (SAEs) following immunisation with wP or aP (safety). This outcome was defined as any adverse event that resulted in death, was life‐threatening, required hospitalisation or prolongation of existing hospitalisation, or resulted in persistent or significant disability or incapacity (ICH 1997). Because this standard definition has not been universally applied in trials until recently, we also accepted adverse events that met the above‐mentioned criteria, irrespective of whether the report refers to ICH 1997. The following outcome domains were extracted from the definition and included in the review:death (all‐cause mortality);events leading to admission to hospital;events described as 'life‐threatening';events leading to persistent or significant disability or incapacity.
Provide primary outcome for the study Whole‐cell pertussis vaccine in early infancy for the prevention of allergy in children
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Weight gain (g/d, g/kg/d)Head circumference gain (cm/week)Length gain (cm/week)Skinfold thickness gain (mm/week)
Provide primary outcome for the study High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants
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Exacerbation requiring emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalisation (participants with at least one).Quality of life* (measured on a validated scale, e.g. Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire).Serious adverse events (all‐cause).
Provide primary outcome for the study Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma
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Necrotising enterocolitis confirmed by at least two of the following features: abdominal radiograph showing pneumatosis intestinalis or gas in the portal venous system or free air in the abdomen; abdominal distension with abdominal radiograph with gaseous distension or frothy appearance of bowel lumen (or both); gross blood in stool; lethargy, hypotonia or apnoea (or combination of these); or a diagnosis confirmed at surgery or autopsy (Walsh 1986).Feed intolerance, as defined by the included studies.
Provide primary outcome for the study Dilute versus full‐strength formula in exclusively formula‐fed preterm or low birth weight infants
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Changes in participant‐rated, parent‐rated, or principal carer‐rated symptoms of eczema at the end of active treatmentChanges in quality of life at the end of active treatment
Provide primary outcome for the study Probiotics for treating eczema
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All allergic diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and food allergy
Provide primary outcome for the study Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease
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an increase in the amount of egg that can be ingested and tolerated without adverse reaction (i.e. evidence of desensitization);a complete recovery from egg allergy whether or not egg is eaten (i.e. induction of immunologic tolerance);numbers of participants with serious adverse events; andnumbers of participants with mild‐to‐severe adverse events.
Provide primary outcome for the study Oral and sublingual immunotherapy for egg allergy
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All allergic disease including asthma, dermatitis/eczema, rhinitis or food allergy (analysis restricted to studies reporting composite manifestations of all allergic disease).
Provide primary outcome for the study Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infancy for the prevention of allergy
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Participant‐ or parent‐reported global assessment of disease severity at the end of treatment, i.e. the proportion with good or excellent improvement at this time as reported in the trials (whether treatment was given for one, two, or three years, or other duration).Participant‐ or parent‐reported specific symptoms of eczema, by subjective measures such as itch or sleep disturbance (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) part C).Adverse events, such as acute episodes of asthma or anaphylaxis.
Provide primary outcome for the study Specific allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of atopic eczema
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Incidence of TRALI.
Provide primary outcome for the study Leukoreduction for the prevention of adverse reactions from allogeneic blood transfusion
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Evidence of desensitization: an increase in the amount of fruit that can be tolerated while receiving immunotherapy (oral or sublingual)Evidence of immunologic tolerance: a complete recovery from allergy to fruits after completion of immunotherapy (oral or sublingual), or after a period of not having eaten the fruit involved
Provide primary outcome for the study Immunotherapy (oral and sublingual) for food allergy to fruits
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Time to full enteral feeds (days) (tolerating ≥ 120 mL/kg/d of enteral feeds with no additional IV fluids nor TPN).
Provide primary outcome for the study Glycerin laxatives for prevention or treatment of feeding intolerance in very low birth weight infants
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Medically diagnosed any allergy with sensitisation, i.e. IgE‐mediated allergies where both the signs and symptoms of the allergic disease and a positive SPT and/or RAST test are present.Medical diagnosis or parental report (using validated questionnaire) of any allergy, +/‐ IgE sensitisation.
Provide primary outcome for the study Maternal prenatal and/or postnatal n‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) supplementation for preventing allergies in early childhood
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Proportion of participants with complete suppression of urticaria whilst taking H1‐antihistamines.Proportion of participants with 'good' or 'excellent' response to H1‐antihistamines whilst taking H1‐antihistamines.Proportion of participants with 50% or greater improvement in quality of life measurements whilst taking H1‐antihistamines.
Provide primary outcome for the study H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria
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Asthma exacerbations as defined by "events", i.e. hospital admissions, emergency room visits, days lost from work/school, unscheduled doctor visits, increase in medication.Reduction or termination of steroid (inhaled, oral, both) use from baseline or run‐in period.
Provide primary outcome for the study Omalizumab for asthma in adults and children
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All allergic disease including asthma, eczema, rhinitis or food allergy (analysis restricted to studies reporting composite manifestations of all allergic disease)Food allergy
Provide primary outcome for the study Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy
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Primary outcomesSecondary outcomes
Provide primary outcome for the study Lactase treated feeds to promote growth and feeding tolerance in preterm infants
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Reduction of subjectively perceived itch, as determined by validated rating scales (e.g. visual analogue scales).Global improvement in eczema, as measured by reduction in an eczema severity score, such as SCORAD (European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis 1993; Schmitt 2007).
Provide primary outcome for the study Oral H1 antihistamines as monotherapy for eczema
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Cardiac iron assessmentCardiac T2* value estimated by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)Myocardial iron concentration (MIC) estimated by CMRCardiac mortality (measured as time‐to‐event)Cardiac function assessmentN‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levelsLeft ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) estimated by echocardiographyLeft and right ventricular filling pressures estimated by echocardiographyLVEF estimated by CMRLeft and right ventricular volume estimated by CMRLeft and right ventricular strain and strain rate estimated by CMR taggingLeft and right ventricular volume and function estimated by myocardial tissue phase mappingLeft and right ventricular volume and function estimated by radionuclide ventriculography during exerciseExercise stress testing
Provide primary outcome for the study Calcium channel blockers for preventing cardiomyopathy due to iron overload in people with transfusion‐dependent beta thalassaemia
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Malaria case incidence: new cases of clinical malaria (caused by Plasmodium spp.) confirmed through blood smears or rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)Malaria infection incidence: new Plasmodium spp. infections, confirmed through thick or thin blood smears, RDTs, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)Malaria case and infection incidence: new Plasmodium spp infection, or case of clinical malaria, confirmed through blood smears, RDTs, or PCR
Provide primary outcome for the study Topical repellents for malaria prevention
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Reduction or prevention of kidney disease progressionIncidence of ESRD measured as start of renal replacement therapy or death from kidney failureImprovement or slower progression of GFR (including reduced hyperfiltration as evidenced by reduction of GFR to the normal range, measured by gold standard clearance methods, creatinine, or creatinine‐based eGFR using the MDRD equation, Cockcroft‐Gault, CKD‐EPI, or modified versions of these calculations)Reduction or slower progression of proteinuria (measured by random spot ACR, PCR, or 24‐hour urinary collection)New evidence of kidney disease (based on histological examination of kidney tissue)Improvement in ability to concentrate urine (urine osmolality greater than 500 mOsm/kg H2O after water deprivation)Serious adverse events (SAEs)Transfusion complications (severe haemolytic reactions, transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI), transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO))Drug treatments (e.g. neutropenic sepsis, hospital admission secondary to drug complications)SCD complications (e.g. acute chest syndrome, stroke, painful crisis) up to 30 days post‐transfusion or post‐drug treatmentAll‐cause mortality
Provide primary outcome for the study Interventions for chronic kidney disease in people with sickle cell disease
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Tumour size (any unit of analysis found)
Provide primary outcome for the study Rapamycin and rapalogs for tuberous sclerosis complex
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Overall survival of patients who received ATG compared with non‐ATG treated patients
Provide primary outcome for the study Polyclonal anti‐thymocyte globulins for the prophylaxis of graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation in adults
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Absolute or percentage change in a real or volumetric BMD Z score, as measured by dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) or computerized tomography (CT), at the following sitesTotal hip or femoral neckSpineWristIncidence of fracture (clinical or radiographic)
Provide primary outcome for the study Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia
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Resolution or reduction in severity of malocclusion (e.g. as measured by class of malocclusion, cephalometric analysis, malocclusion indices)Resolution or reduction in severity of any other dental complication (e.g. dental caries, periodontal disease, cysts, tumours), assessed by relevant measuresAdverse effects related to treatment (e.g. worsening of systemic condition, impairment or loss of oral function, root resorption, nerve damage, bone loss)
Provide primary outcome for the study Treatment of dental and orthodontic complications in thalassaemia
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Blood transfusionfrequency of transfusion measured by transfused volume per year (if there are insufficient data to calculate this, we planned to report this as units transfused per kg per year or other similar measures)transfusion‐free interval (in months)Haemoglobin level (in grams per decilitre or equivalent at intervals after commencing the intervention, e.g. every three to six months)
Provide primary outcome for the study Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias
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Regression of PSR (change in number and size (in clock hours or in degrees of retinal circumference) of new blood vessels)Development of new PSR (proliferation of blood vessels at a new area after treatment) or progression of existing PSR (defined by increased size of existing lesions associated to leakage) (post hoc)
Provide primary outcome for the study Laser therapy for retinopathy in sickle cell disease
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Mortality.All causes of mortality.Mortality with confirmed ACS.Pulmonary function as measured by peak flow, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory flow in one minute.Adverse events.
Provide primary outcome for the study Inhaled bronchodilators for acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease
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Response to ECP treatment, defined as either classical response rates (i.e. number of children in complete or partial remission) or percentage achieving reduction in either Glucksberg or IBMTR score, or steroid‐tapering under therapy with ECP (defined as number of children with at least 25% reduction in steroid dose).
Provide primary outcome for the study Extracorporeal photopheresis versus standard treatment for acute graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents
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Pain alterationFrequency, duration, severity measured on self‐reported patient scalesHealth service utilisation (e.g. inpatient days, outpatient or accident and emergency department visits)Opioid useLife‐threatening illness (e.g. acute chest syndrome, stroke and acute splenic sequestration)*Death during the study
Provide primary outcome for the study Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease
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