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Lagrangian analysis is the use of Lagrangian coordinates to analyze various problems in continuum mechanics.
Lagrangian analysis may be used to analyze currents and flows of various materials by analyzing data collected from gauges/sensors embedded in the material which freely move with the motion of the material. [ 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_analysis |
In classical field theories , the Lagrangian specification of the flow field is a way of looking at fluid motion where the observer follows an individual fluid parcel as it moves through space and time. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Plotting the position of an individual parcel through time gives the pathline of the parcel. This can be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_and_Eulerian_specification_of_the_flow_field |
Lagrangian coherent structures ( LCSs ) are distinguished surfaces of trajectories in a dynamical system that exert a major influence on nearby trajectories over a time interval of interest. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The type of this influence may vary, but it invariably creates a coherent trajectory pattern for which th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_coherent_structure |
In experimental fluid mechanics, Lagrangian Particle Tracking refers to the process of determining trajectories of small neutrally buoyant particles (flow tracers) that are freely suspended within a turbulent flow field. These are usually obtained by 3-D Particle Tracking Velocimetry . A collection of such particle tra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_particle_tracking |
In mathematics, a Lagrangian system is a pair ( Y , L ) , consisting of a smooth fiber bundle Y → X and a Lagrangian density L , which yields the Euler–Lagrange differential operator acting on sections of Y → X .
In classical mechanics , many dynamical systems are Lagrangian systems. The configuration space of such a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_system |
In mathematics , the Laguerre form is generally given as a third degree tensor -valued form, that can be written as,
This differential geometry -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguerre_form |
The Laguerre formula (named after Edmond Laguerre ) provides the acute angle ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } between two proper real lines, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] as follows:
where:
The expression between vertical bars is a real number.
Laguerre formula can be useful in computer vision , since the absolute conic has an image on the re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguerre_formula |
In mathematics , a Laguerre plane is one of the three types of Benz plane , which are the Möbius plane , Laguerre plane and Minkowski plane . Laguerre planes are named after the French mathematician Edmond Nicolas Laguerre .
The classical Laguerre plane is an incidence structure that describes the incidence behaviour... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguerre_plane |
In mathematics , the Laguerre polynomials , named after Edmond Laguerre (1834–1886), are nontrivial solutions of Laguerre's differential equation: x y ″ + ( 1 − x ) y ′ + n y = 0 , y = y ( x ) {\displaystyle xy''+(1-x)y'+ny=0,\ y=y(x)} which is a second-order linear differential equation . This equation has nonsingular... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguerre_polynomials |
The Laguerre transformations or axial homographies are an analogue of Möbius transformations over the dual numbers . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] When studying these transformations, the dual numbers are often interpreted as representing oriented lines on the plane. [ 1 ] The Laguerre transformations map lines to lines, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguerre_transformations |
Laicism (also laicity , from the Ancient Greek " λαϊκός" " laïkós" , meaning "layperson" or "non-cleric") refers to a legal and political model based on the strict separation of religion and state. The French term laïcité was coined in 1871 by French educator and future Nobel Peace Prize laureate Ferdinand Buisson , wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laicism |
Lajos Peter Balogh (born January 15, 1950, Hungary), mainly referred to as Lou Balogh , is a Hungarian-American scientist known for his research on polymers , dendrimer nanocomposites , and nanomedicine . Balogh is the editor-in-chief of Precision Nanomedicine (PRNANO). Based on his career-long citation numbers, he bel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajos_Balogh_(scientist) |
In petroleum engineering , Lak wettability index is a quantitative indicator to measure wettability of rocks from relative permeability data. This index is based on a combination of Craig's first rule. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and modified Craig's second rule [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
where
and A {\displaystyle A} and B {\displaystyle B} are t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lak_wettability_index |
The Lake Champlain Seaway was a canal project proposed in the late 19th century and considered as late as the 1960s to connect New York State 's Hudson River and Quebec 's St. Lawrence River with a deep-water canal. The objective was to allow easy ship traffic from New York City to Montreal through Lake Champlain, lowe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Champlain_Seaway |
A lake ball (also known as a surf ball , beach ball or spill ball ) is a ball of debris found on ocean beaches and lakes large enough to have wave action. The rolling motion of the waves gathers debris in the water and eventually will form the materials into a ball. The materials vary from year to year and from locat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_ball |
A lake bifurcation occurs when a lake (a bifurcating lake ) has outflows into two different drainage basins . In this case, the drainage divide cannot be defined exactly, as it is situated in the middle of the lake.
Vesijako (the name Vesijako actually means "drainage divide") and Lummene in the Finnish Lakeland are t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_bifurcation |
A lake ecosystem or lacustrine ecosystem includes biotic (living) plants , animals and micro-organisms , as well as abiotic (non-living) physical and chemical interactions. [ 1 ] Lake ecosystems are a prime example of lentic ecosystems ( lentic refers to stationary or relatively still freshwater , from the Latin lentus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_ecosystem |
Lake metabolism represents a lake 's balance between carbon fixation ( gross primary production ) and biological carbon oxidation ( ecosystem respiration ). [ 1 ] Whole-lake metabolism includes the carbon fixation and oxidation from all organism within the lake , from bacteria to fishes , and is typically estimated by ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_metabolism |
Lakes380 – Our Lakes' Health: past, present, future is a New Zealand limnology research project focussed on determining the health, wellness and history of about 10 per cent of New Zealand's 3800 lakes , by collecting surface water , sediment samples and sediment cores and using many different techniques including envi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakes380 |
In mathematics , the lakes of Wada ( 和田の湖 , Wada no mizuumi ) are three disjoint connected open sets of the plane or open unit square with the counterintuitive property that they all have the same boundary . In other words, for any point selected on the boundary of one of the lakes, the other two lakes' boundaries also... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakes_of_Wada |
The Lalande Prize (French: Prix Lalande also known as Lalande Medal ) was an award for scientific advances in astronomy, given from 1802 until 1970 by the French Academy of Sciences .
The prize was endowed by astronomer Jérôme Lalande in 1801, a few years before his death in 1807, to enable the Academy of Sciences to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalande_Prize |
A Lally column is a round or square thin-walled structural steel column filled with concrete, [ 1 ] and oriented vertically to provide support to beams or timbers stretching over long spans . Historically, Lally columns were made of steel up to 1/4" in thickness; today, that has been reduced in instances to 0.06". [ 2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lally_column |
LamaH ( La rge-Sa m ple D a ta for H ydrology and Environmental Sciences) is a cross-state initiative for unified data preparation and collection in the field of catchment hydrology . Hydrological datasets, for example, are an integral component for creating flood forecasting models.
LamaH datasets always consist of a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LamaH |
In physics , the Lamb shift , named after Willis Lamb , is an anomalous difference in energy between two electron orbitals in a hydrogen atom . The difference was not predicted by theory and it cannot be derived from the Dirac equation , which predicts identical energies. Hence the Lamb shift is a deviation from theory... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb_shift |
In fluid dynamics , Lamb surfaces are smooth, connected orientable two-dimensional surfaces, which are simultaneously stream-surfaces and vortex surfaces, named after the physicist Horace Lamb . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Lamb surfaces are orthogonal to the Lamb vector ω × u {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega }}\times \mathbf ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb_surface |
In fluid dynamics , Lamb vector is the cross product of vorticity vector and velocity vector of the flow field, named after the physicist Horace Lamb . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The Lamb vector is defined as
where u {\displaystyle \mathbf {u} } is the velocity field and ω = ∇ × u {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega }}=\nabla \times... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb_vector |
The Lambda-CDM , Lambda cold dark matter , or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components:
It is the current standard model of Big Bang cosmology, [ 1 ] as it is the simplest model that provides a reasonably good account of:
The model assumes that general relativity is the co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model |
In applied mathematics , lambda-connectedness (or λ-connectedness ) deals with partial connectivity for a discrete space .
Assume that a function on a discrete space (usually a graph ) is given. A degree of connectivity (connectedness) will be defined to measure the connectedness of the space with respect to the funct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-connectedness |
In mathematical logic and computer science , the lambda-mu calculus is an extension of the lambda calculus introduced by Michel Parigot. [ 1 ] It introduces two new operators: the μ operator (which is completely different both from the μ operator found in computability theory and from the μ operator of modal μ-calculus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-mu_calculus |
Lambda architecture is a data-processing architecture designed to handle massive quantities of data by taking advantage of both batch and stream-processing methods. This approach to architecture attempts to balance latency , throughput , and fault-tolerance by using batch processing to provide comprehensive and accurat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_architecture |
Lambda phage ( coliphage λ , scientific name Lambdavirus lambda ) is a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage , that infects the bacterial species Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). It was discovered by Esther Lederberg in 1950. [ 2 ] The wild type of this virus has a temperate life cycle that allows it to either reside within ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_phage |
The λ (lambda) universality class is a group in condensed matter physics . It regroups several systems possessing strong analogies, namely, superfluids , superconductors and smectics ( liquid crystals ). All these systems are expected to belong to the same universality class for the thermodynamic critical properties of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_transition |
In general relativity , a lambdavacuum solution is an exact solution to the Einstein field equation in which the only term in the stress–energy tensor is a cosmological constant term. This can be interpreted physically as a kind of classical approximation to a nonzero vacuum energy . These are discussed here as distin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambdavacuum_solution |
The Lambek–Moser theorem is a mathematical description of partitions of the natural numbers into two complementary sets . For instance, it applies to the partition of numbers into even and odd , or into prime and non-prime (one and the composite numbers ). There are two parts to the Lambek–Moser theorem. One part state... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambek–Moser_theorem |
In optics , Lambert's cosine law says that the observed radiant intensity or luminous intensity from an ideal diffusely reflecting surface or ideal diffuse radiator is directly proportional to the cosine of the angle θ between the observer's line of sight and the surface normal ; I = I 0 cos θ . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The law is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert's_cosine_law |
In mathematics , a Lambert series , named for Johann Heinrich Lambert , is a series taking the form
It can be resummed formally by expanding the denominator:
where the coefficients of the new series are given by the Dirichlet convolution of a n with the constant function 1( n ) = 1:
This series may be inverted by me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_series |
The Lamb–Chaplygin dipole model is a mathematical description for a particular inviscid and steady dipolar vortex flow. It is a non-trivial solution to the two-dimensional Euler equations . The model is named after Horace Lamb and Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin , who independently discovered this flow structure. [ 1 ] Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb–Chaplygin_dipole |
In physics, the Lamb–Mössbauer factor (LMF, after Willis Lamb and Rudolf Mössbauer ) or elastic incoherent structure factor (EISF) is the ratio of elastic to total incoherent neutron scattering , or the ratio of recoil-free to total nuclear resonant absorption in Mössbauer spectroscopy . The corresponding factor for co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb–Mössbauer_factor |
A lamella ( pl. : lamellae ) in biology refers to a thin layer, membrane or plate of tissue . [ 1 ] This is a very broad definition, and can refer to many different structures. Any thin layer of organic tissue can be called a lamella and there is a wide array of functions an individual layer can serve. For example, an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamella_(cell_biology) |
A lamella ( pl. : lamellae ) is a small plate or flake, from the Latin, and may also refer to collections of fine sheets of material held adjacent to one another in a gill -shaped structure, often with fluid in between though sometimes simply a set of "welded" plates. The term is used in biological contexts for thin me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamella_(materials) |
The Lamella roof (also sometimes called the "Zollinger roof" for its inventor Friedrich Zollinger , a municipal building surveyor from Merseburg in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt [ 1 ] ) is a construction type where the roof is supported by an arched network of overlapping lamellae in rhombic form. [ 1 ] As such it ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamella_(structure) |
A lamella clarifier or inclined plate settler (IPS) is a type of clarifier designed to remove particulates from liquids.
Lamella clarifiers can be used in a range of industries, including mining and metal finishing, as well as to treat groundwater , industrial process water and backwash from sand filters . [ 1 ] Lamel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamella_clarifier |
Lamellar phase refers generally to packing of polar -headed, long chain , nonpolar-tailed molecules ( amphiphiles ) in an environment of bulk polar liquid, as sheets of bilayers separated by bulk liquid. In biophysics , polar lipids (mostly, phospholipids , and rarely, glycolipids ) pack as a liquid crystalline bilayer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamellar_phase |
In materials science , lamellar structures or microstructures are composed of fine, alternating layers of different materials in the form of lamellae . They are often observed in cases where a phase transition front moves quickly, leaving behind two solid products, as in rapid cooling of eutectic (such as solder ) or e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamellar_structure |
A lament or lamentation is a passionate expression of grief , often in music , poetry , or song form. The grief is most often born of regret , or mourning . Laments can also be expressed in a verbal manner in which participants lament about something that they regret or someone that they have lost, and they are usually... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lament |
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Lamin B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LMNB2 gene . It is the second of two type B nuclear lamins , and it is associated with laminopathies .
This bioche... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamin_B2 |
Lamina is a general anatomical term meaning "plate" or "layer". [ 1 ] It is used in both gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy to describe structures.
Some examples include: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamina_(anatomy) |
Laminar flame speed is an intrinsic characteristic of premixed combustible mixtures. [ 1 ] It is the speed at which an un-stretched laminar flame will propagate through a quiescent mixture of unburned reactants. Laminar flame speed is given the symbol s L . According to the thermal flame theory of Ernest-François Mal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flame_speed |
The laminar flamelet model is a mathematical method for modelling turbulent combustion . The laminar flamelet model is formulated specifically as a model for non-premixed combustion [ 1 ]
The concept of ensemble of laminar flamelets was first introduced by Forman A. Williams in 1975, [ 2 ] while the theoretical found... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flamelet_model |
Laminar flow ( / ˈ l æ m ɪ n ər / ) is the property of fluid particles in fluid dynamics to follow smooth paths in layers, with each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or no mixing. [ 1 ] At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one anothe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flow |
A laminar flow cabinet or tissue culture hood is a partially enclosed bench work surface designed to prevent contamination of biological samples , semiconductor wafer , or any particle-sensitive materials. Air is drawn through a HEPA filter and blown in a very smooth laminar flow in a narrow vertical curtain, separati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flow_cabinet |
A laminar flow reactor ( LFR ) is a type of chemical reactor that uses laminar flow to control reaction rate , and/or reaction distribution. LFR is generally a long tube with constant diameter that is kept at constant temperature. Reactants are injected at one end and products are collected and monitored at the other. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flow_reactor |
A cleanroom or clean room is an engineered space that maintains a very low concentration of airborne particulates . It is well-isolated, well-controlled from contamination , and actively cleansed. Such rooms are commonly needed for scientific research and in industrial production for all nanoscale processes, such as se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_room |
In fluid dynamics , the process of a laminar flow becoming turbulent is known as laminar–turbulent transition . The main parameter characterizing transition is the Reynolds number .
Transition is often described as a process proceeding through a series of stages. Transitional flow can refer to transition in either dir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar–turbulent_transition |
In topology , a branch of mathematics, a lamination is a :
A lamination of a surface is a partition of a closed subset of the surface into smooth curves.
It may or may not be possible to fill the gaps in a lamination to make a foliation . [ 2 ]
This topology-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamination_(topology) |
Laminin–111 (also "laminin–1") is a protein of the type known as laminin isoforms . It was among the first of the laminin isoforms to be discovered. [ 2 ] The "111" identifies the isoform's chain composition of α1β1γ1. [ 2 ] This protein plays an important role in embryonic development . Injections of this substance ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminin_111 |
The Lamm equation [ 1 ] describes the sedimentation and diffusion of a solute under ultracentrifugation in traditional sector -shaped cells. (Cells of
other shapes require much more complex equations.) It was named after Ole Lamm , later professor of physical chemistry at the Royal Institute of Technology , who derived... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamm_equation |
In topology , a branch of mathematics, and specifically knot theory , the lamp cord trick is an observation that two certain spaces are homeomorphic , even if one of the components is knotted. The spaces are M 3 ∖ T i , i = 1 , 2 {\displaystyle M^{3}\backslash T_{i},i=1,2} , where M 3 {\displaystyle M^{3}} is a hollow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamp_cord_trick |
Lamya Essemlali (born 1979) is a French environmental activist, of Moroccan origin. [ 1 ] She's the co-founder and president of Sea Shepherd France, [ 2 ] the French branch of the anti-poaching organisation Sea Shepherd Conservation Society . She is also co-director of Sea Shepherd Global and co-president of the non-go... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamya_Essemlali |
Lamé's stress ellipsoid is an alternative to Mohr's circle for the graphical representation of the stress state at a point . The surface of the ellipsoid represents the locus of the endpoints of all stress vectors acting on all planes passing through a given point in the continuum body. In other words, the endpoints of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamé's_stress_ellipsoid |
Lamé's Theorem is the result of Gabriel Lamé's analysis of the complexity of the Euclidean algorithm . Using Fibonacci numbers , he proved in 1844 [ 1 ] [ 2 ] that when looking for the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two integers a and b , the algorithm finishes in at most 5 k steps, where k is the number of digits (d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamé's_theorem |
Lana Skirboll is the former director of the National Institutes of Health Office of Science Policy .
Skirboll is an international leader in science policy. [ 1 ]
She graduated from New York University in 1970 with a bachelor's degree in Biology and completed a master's degree in Physiology in 1972 at Miami University... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana_Skirboll |
The Lancashire Loom was a semi-automatic power loom invented by James Bullough and William Kenworthy in 1842. Although it is self-acting, it has to be stopped to recharge empty shuttles. It was the mainstay of the Lancashire cotton industry for a century.
John Bullough (1800–1868) was from Accrington , often describe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancashire_Loom |
The Lancashire hearth was used to fine pig iron , removing carbon to produce wrought iron .
Until the early 19th century, the usual method of producing wrought iron involved a charcoal -fired finery in a finery forge . In the beginning of the 19th century this became an obsolete process and was slowly replaced by the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancashire_hearth |
Lancefield grouping is a system of classification that classifies catalase -negative Gram-positive cocci based on the carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens found on their cell walls . [ 1 ] The system, created by Rebecca Lancefield , was historically used to organize the various members of the family Streptoco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancefield_grouping |
Lanchester's laws are mathematical formulas for calculating the relative strengths of military forces . The Lanchester equations are differential equations describing the time dependence of two armies' strengths A and B as a function of time, with the function depending only on A and B. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
In 1915 and 1916 du... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanchester's_laws |
The Lanczos tensor or Lanczos potential is a rank 3 tensor in general relativity that generates the Weyl tensor . [ 1 ] It was first introduced by Cornelius Lanczos in 1949. [ 2 ] The theoretical importance of the Lanczos tensor is that it serves as the gauge field for the gravitational field in the same way that, by a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanczos_tensor |
Land is a monthly peer-reviewed , open access , scientific journal that is published by MDPI . It was established in 2012. The journal explores land use /land change, land management , land system science, and landscape -related issues. [ 1 ] The editor-in-chief is Andrew Millington ( Flinders University ).
The journa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_(journal) |
Land Art Generator Initiative ( LAGI ), founded by Elizabeth Monoian and Robert Ferry, [ 1 ] is an organization dedicated to devising alternative energy solutions through sustainable design and public art [ 2 ] by providing platforms for scientists and engineers to collaborate with artists, architects and other creativ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Art_Generator_Initiative |
The Land Information and Management System ( LIMS ) is a system introduced in Pakistan to improve contemporary agricultural practices. [ 1 ] The former Prime Minister, Shehbaz Sharif and Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Asim Munir , inaugurated the system. Headed by Maj Gen Muhammad Ayub Ahsan Bhatti, its goal is to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Information_and_Management_System |
LADSS , or land allocation decision support system , is an agricultural land-use planning tool developed at The Macaulay Institute . More recently the term LADSS is used to refer to the research of the team behind the original planning tool. [ 1 ]
The focus of the research of the LADSS team has evolved over time from... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_allocation_decision_support_system |
In biogeography , a land bridge is an isthmus or wider land connection between otherwise separate areas, over which animals and plants are able to cross and colonize new lands. A land bridge can be created by marine regression , in which sea levels fall, exposing shallow, previously submerged sections of continental sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_bridge |
Due to changes in sea level , Japan has at various times been connected to the continent by land bridges ( 陸橋 , rikukyō ) , with continental Russia to the north via the Sōya Strait , Sakhalin , and the Mamiya Strait , and with the Korean Peninsula to the southwest, via the Tsushima Strait and Korea Strait . [ 1 ] : 962... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_bridges_of_Japan |
Land change models (LCMs) describe, project, and explain changes in and the dynamics of land use and land-cover. LCMs are a means of understanding ways that humans change the Earth's surface in the past, present, and future.
Land change models are valuable in development policy, helping guide more appropriate decision... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_change_modeling |
Land consumption as part of human resource consumption is the conversion of land with healthy soil and intact habitats into areas for industrial agriculture , traffic ( road building ) and especially urban human settlements . More formally, the EEA [ 1 ] has identified three land consuming activities:
In all of those ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_consumption |
Land cover is the physical material at the land surface of Earth . Land covers include flora , concrete , built structures, bare ground, and temporary water . Earth cover is the expression used by ecologist Frederick Edward Clements that has as its closest modern equivalent vegetation . [ 1 ] : 52 The expression contin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_cover |
Land development is the alteration of landscape in any number of ways such as:
Land development has a history dating to Neolithic times around 8,000 BC. From the dawn of civilization, the process of land development has elaborated the progress of improvements on a piece of land based on codes and regulations, particul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development |
Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of a surface's water and sub-surface water from an area with excess water. The internal drainage of most agricultural soils can prevent severe waterlogging (anaerobic conditions that harm root growth), but many soils need artificial drainage to improve production or to mana... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_drainage |
The purpose of a land drain is to allow water in wet or swampy ground to rapidly drain away [ 1 ] or to relieve hydrostatic pressure . They are subterranean linear structures which are laid to a fall which should be as steep as practicable. They are used in agriculture and in building construction sites. Modern land dr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_drains |
A land ethic is a philosophy or theoretical framework about how, ethically, humans should regard the land. The term was coined by Aldo Leopold (1887–1948) in his A Sand County Almanac (1949), a classic text of the environmental movement. There he argues that there is a critical need for a "new ethic", an "ethic dealing... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_ethic |
Land navigation is the discipline of following a route through unfamiliar terrain on foot or by vehicle, using maps with reference to terrain, a compass , and other navigational tools. [ 1 ] It is distinguished from travel by traditional groups, such as the Tuareg [ 2 ] across the Sahara and the Inuit [ 3 ] across the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_navigation |
Land reclamation , often known as reclamation , and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill ), is the process of creating new land from oceans , seas , riverbeds or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground , reclaimed land , or land fill .
In ancient Egypt , the rulers of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_reclamation |
Land rehabilitation as a part of environmental remediation is the process of returning the land in a given area to some degree of its former state, after some process ( industry , natural disasters , etc.) has resulted in its damage. Many projects and developments will result in the land becoming degraded , for example... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_rehabilitation |
Land restoration , which may include renaturalisation or rewilding , is the process of restoring land to a different or previous state with an intended purpose. That purpose can be a variety of things such as what follows: being safe for humans, plants, and animals; stabilizing ecological communities; cleaning up poll... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_restoration |
Land stewardship has various connotations across the world but the common underlying theme is caring for a piece of land regardless of its ownership [ 1 ] taking into consideration ecological, economic, social, and cultural dimensions. [ 2 ]
A closely connected term is Land ethic coined by American environmentalist, A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_stewardship |
Land use, land-use change, and forestry ( LULUCF ), also referred to as Forestry and other land use ( FOLU ) or Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use ( AFOLU) , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] : 65 is defined as a " greenhouse gas inventory sector that covers emissions and removals of greenhouse gases resulting from direct human-induce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use,_land-use_change,_and_forestry |
In algebra , a nested radical is a radical expression (one containing a square root sign, cube root sign, etc.) that contains (nests) another radical expression. Examples include
5 − 2 5 , {\displaystyle {\sqrt {5-2{\sqrt {5}}\ }},}
which arises in discussing the regular pentagon , and more complicated ones such as
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau's_algorithm |
In algebra , a Landau-Mignotte bound (sometimes only referred to as Mignotte's bound [ 1 ] ) is one of a family of inequalities concerning a univariate integer polynomial f ( x ) and one of its factors h ( x ). A basic version states that the coefficients of h ( x ) are bounded independently of h ( x ) by an exponentia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau-Mignotte_bound |
In gas dynamics , the Landau derivative or fundamental derivative of gas dynamics , named after Lev Landau who introduced it in 1942, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] refers to a dimensionless physical quantity characterizing the curvature of the isentrope drawn on the specific volume versus pressure plane. Specifically, the Landau derivat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau_derivative |
The Landau kernel is named after the German number theorist Edmund Landau . The kernel is a summability kernel defined as: [ 1 ]
L n ( t ) = { ( 1 − t 2 ) n c n if − 1 ≤ t ≤ 1 0 otherwise {\displaystyle L_{n}(t)={\begin{cases}{\frac {(1-t^{2})^{n}}{c_{n}}}&{\text{if }}{-1}\leq t\leq 1\\0&{\text{otherwise}}\end{cases}}... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau_kernel |
In quantum mechanics , the energies of cyclotron orbits of charged particles in a uniform magnetic field are quantized to discrete values, thus known as Landau levels . These levels are degenerate , with the number of electrons per level directly proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field. It is named a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau_levels |
Landau theory (also known as Ginzburg–Landau theory , despite the confusing name [ 1 ] ) in physics is a theory that Lev Landau introduced in an attempt to formulate a general theory of continuous (i.e., second-order) phase transitions . [ 2 ] It can also be adapted to systems under externally-applied fields, and used ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau_theory |
Landauer's principle is a physical principle pertaining to a lower theoretical limit of energy consumption of computation . It holds that an irreversible change in information stored in a computer, such as merging two computational paths, dissipates a minimum amount of heat to its surroundings. [ 1 ] It is hypothesized... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landauer's_principle |
In mesoscopic physics , the Landauer formula —named after Rolf Landauer , who first suggested its prototype in 1957 [ 1 ] —is a formula relating the electrical resistance of a quantum conductor to the scattering properties of the conductor. [ 2 ] It is the equivalent of Ohm's law for mesoscopic circuits with spatial di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landauer_formula |
In mathematics , the Landau–Kolmogorov inequality , named after Edmund Landau and Andrey Kolmogorov , is the following family of interpolation inequalities between different derivatives of a function f defined on a subset T of the real numbers: [ 1 ]
For k = 1, n = 2 and T = [ c ,∞) or T = R , the inequality was first... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau–Kolmogorov_inequality |
In fluid dynamics , Landau–Levich flow or the Landau–Levich problem describes the flow created by a moving plate which is pulled out of a liquid surface. Landau–Levich flow finds many applications in thin film coating. The solution to the problem was described by Lev Landau and Veniamin Levich in 1942. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau–Levich_problem |
In solid-state physics , the Landau–Lifshitz equation ( LLE ), named for Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz , is a partial differential equation describing time evolution of magnetism in solids, depending on 1 time variable and 1, 2, or 3 space variables.
The LLE describes an anisotropic magnet. The equation is describe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau–Lifshitz_model |
In physics, the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation (usually abbreviated as LLG equation), named for Lev Landau , Evgeny Lifshitz , and T. L. Gilbert , is a name used for a differential equation describing the dynamics (typically the precessional motion ) of magnetization M in a solid . It is a modified version by Gilbert... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert_equation |
Landau–Peierls instability refers to the phenomenon in which the mean square displacements due to thermal fluctuations diverge in the thermodynamic limit and is named after Lev Landau (1937) and Rudolf Peierls (1934). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This instability prevails in one-dimensional ordering of atoms/molecules in 3D space such ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau–Peierls_instability |
Landau–Placzek ratio is a ratio of the integrated intensity of Rayleigh scattering to the combined integrated intensity of Brillouin scattering of a triplet frequency spectrum of light scattered by homogenous liquids or gases. The triplet consists of two frequency shifted Brillouin scattering and a central unshifted Ra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau–Placzek_ratio |
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