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In mathematics , the least-upper-bound property (sometimes called completeness , supremum property or l.u.b. property ) [ 1 ] is a fundamental property of the real numbers . More generally, a partially ordered set X has the least-upper-bound property if every non-empty subset of X with an upper bound has a least upper ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_upper_bound_axiom |
Leave No Trace , sometimes written as LNT , is a set of ethics promoting conservation of the outdoors . Originating in the mid-20th century, the concept started as a movement in the United States in response to ecological damage caused by wilderness recreation. [ 1 ] In 1994, the non-profit Leave No Trace Center for Ou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leave_No_Trace |
Leave the gate as you found it (or leave all gates as found ) is an important rule of courtesy in rural areas throughout the world. If a gate is found open, it should be left open, and if it is closed, it should be left closed. If a closed gate absolutely must be traversed, it should be closed again afterwards. It appl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leave_the_gate_as_you_found_it |
In chemistry , a leaving group is defined by the IUPAC as an atom or group of atoms that detaches from the main or residual part of a substrate during a reaction or elementary step of a reaction. [ 1 ] However, in common usage, the term is often limited to a fragment that departs with a pair of electrons in heterolytic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaving_group |
Leaving the world a better place , often called the campsite rule , campground rule , or just leaving things better than you found them , is an ethical proposition that individuals should go beyond trying not to do harm in the world, and should try to remediate harms done by others.
This ethic was articulated by Bessi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaving_the_world_a_better_place |
In mathematics, the Lebedev–Milin inequality is any of several inequalities for the coefficients of the exponential of a power series , found by Lebedev and Milin ( 1965 ) and Isaak Moiseevich Milin ( 1977 ). It was used in the proof of the Bieberbach conjecture , as it shows that the Milin conjecture implies the Rober... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebedev–Milin_inequality |
In mathematics , more precisely in measure theory , the Lebesgue decomposition theorem [ 1 ] provides a way to decompose a measure into two distinct parts based on their relationship with another measure.
The theorem states that if ( Ω , Σ ) {\displaystyle (\Omega ,\Sigma )} is a measurable space and μ {\displaystyle ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebesgue's_decomposition_theorem |
In mathematics , Lebesgue's density theorem states that for any Lebesgue measurable set A ⊂ R n {\displaystyle A\subset \mathbb {R} ^{n}} , the "density" of A is 0 or 1 at almost every point in R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} . Additionally, the "density" of A is 1 at almost every point in A . Intuitively, this ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebesgue's_density_theorem |
In topology , the Lebesgue covering lemma is a useful tool in the study of compact metric spaces .
Given an open cover of a compact metric space, a Lebesgue's number of the cover is a number δ > 0 {\displaystyle \delta >0} such that every subset of X {\displaystyle X} having diameter less than δ {\displaystyle \delta ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebesgue's_number_lemma |
In mathematics , the Lebesgue constants (depending on a set of nodes and of its size) give an idea of how good the interpolant of a function (at the given nodes) is in comparison with the best polynomial approximation of the function (the degree of the polynomials are fixed). The Lebesgue constant for polynomials of d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebesgue_constant |
In the branch of mathematics known as real analysis , the Riemann integral , created by Bernhard Riemann , was the first rigorous definition of the integral of a function on an interval . It was presented to the faculty at the University of Göttingen in 1854, but not published in a journal until 1868. [ 1 ] For many f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebesgue_integrability_condition |
In mathematics , given a locally Lebesgue integrable function f {\displaystyle f} on R k {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{k}} , a point x {\displaystyle x} in the domain of f {\displaystyle f} is a Lebesgue point if [ 1 ]
Here, B ( x , r ) {\displaystyle B(x,r)} is a ball centered at x {\displaystyle x} with radius r > 0 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebesgue_point |
The Leblanc process was an early industrial process for making soda ash ( sodium carbonate ) used throughout the 19th century, named after its inventor, Nicolas Leblanc . It involved two stages: making sodium sulfate from sodium chloride , followed by reacting the sodium sulfate with coal and calcium carbonate to make... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leblanc_process |
The Lebombo bone is a bone tool made of a baboon fibula with incised markings discovered in Border Cave in the Lebombo Mountains located between South Africa and Eswatini . [ 1 ] Changes in the section of the notches indicate the use of different cutting edges, which the bone's discoverer, Peter Beaumont, views as evid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebombo_bone |
See text .
Lecanopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae , subfamily Microsoroideae , according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). [ 1 ] They have swollen hollow rhizomes that provide homes for symbiotic ants. All are epiphytic plants that naturally occur from Southeast ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecanopteris |
A lichen has lecanorine fruiting body parts if they are shaped like a plate with a ring around them, and that ring is made of tissue similar to the main non-fruiting body part of the lichen. [ 1 ] The name comes from the name of the lichen genus Lecanora , whose members have such apothecia. [ 1 ] If a lichen has lecano... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecanorine_lichen |
In electronics , a Lecher line or Lecher wires is a pair of parallel wires or rods that were used to measure the wavelength of radio waves , mainly at VHF , UHF and microwave frequencies . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They form a short length of balanced transmission line (a resonant stub ). When attached to a source of radio-frequenc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecher_line |
Lecithinase is a type of phospholipase that acts upon lecithin . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
It can be produced by Clostridium perfringens , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Listeria monocytogenes . C. perfringens alpha toxin (lecithinase) causes myonecrosis and hemolysis . The lecithinase of S. aureus is used in det... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecithinase |
Lectins are carbohydrate -binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar groups that are part of other molecules, so cause agglutination of particular cells or precipitation of glycoconjugates and polysaccharides . Lectins have a role in recognition at the cellular and molecular level and play numerous roles in bi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectin |
Lectio difficilior potior ( Latin for "the more difficult reading is the stronger") is a main principle of textual criticism . Where different manuscripts conflict on a particular reading, the principle suggests that the more unusual one is more likely the original. The presupposition is that scribes would more often r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectio_difficilior_potior |
LEDDAR ( Light-Emitting Diode Detection And Ranging) is a proprietary technology owned by LeddarTech . It uses the time of flight of light signals and signal processing algorithms to detect, locate, and measure objects in its field of view.
The Leddar technology is like a light-based radar that sends very short light ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leddar |
In iron and steel metallurgy , ledeburite is a mixture of 4.3% carbon in iron and is a eutectic mixture of austenite and cementite . Ledeburite is not a type of steel as the carbon level is too high although it may occur as a separate constituent in some high carbon steels. It is mostly found with cementite or pearlite... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledeburite |
In fluid dynamics , the Ledinegg instability occurs in two-phase flow , especially in a boiler tube , when the boiling boundary is within the tube. For a given mass flux J through the tube, the pressure drop per unit length (which typically varies as the square of the mass flux and inversely as the density, i.e., as J ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledinegg_instability |
The Lee algorithm is one possible solution for maze routing problems based on breadth-first search .
It always gives an optimal solution, if one exists, but is slow and requires considerable memory.
1) Initialization
2) Wave expansion
3) Backtrace
4) Clearance
Of course the wave expansion marks only points in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_algorithm |
The Leeuwenhoek Lecture is a prize lecture of the Royal Society to recognize achievement in microbiology . [ 1 ] The prize was originally given in 1950 and awarded annually, but from 2006 to 2018 was given triennially. From 2018 it will be awarded biennially.
The prize is named after the Dutch microscopist Antonie van... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeuwenhoek_Lecture |
The Leeuwenhoek Medal , established in 1875 by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), in honor of the 17th- and 18th-century microscopist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek , is granted every ten years to the scientist judged to have made the most significant contribution to microbiology during the preceding de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeuwenhoek_Medal |
In statistical mechanics , Lee–Yang theory , sometimes also known as Yang–Lee theory , is a scientific theory which seeks to describe phase transitions in large physical systems in the thermodynamic limit based on the properties of small, finite-size systems. The theory revolves around the complex zeros of partition fu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee–Yang_theory |
Lefavirales is an order of viruses of the class Naldaviricetes . [ 1 ] Viruses of this order have Hexapoda and Crustacea as their hosts, including Adoxophyes and Carcinus . [ 2 ]
Lefavirales is part of the incertae sedis class Naldaviricetes . It contains the following families: [ 1 ]
This virus -related article is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefavirales |
In mathematics , Lefschetz duality is a version of Poincaré duality in geometric topology , applying to a manifold with boundary . Such a formulation was introduced by Solomon Lefschetz ( 1926 ), at the same time introducing relative homology , for application to the Lefschetz fixed-point theorem . [ 1 ] There are now ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefschetz_duality |
In mathematics , the Lefschetz zeta-function is a tool used in topological periodic and fixed point theory, and dynamical systems . Given a continuous map f : X → X {\displaystyle f\colon X\to X} , the zeta-function is defined as the formal series
where L ( f n ) {\displaystyle L(f^{n})} is the Lefschetz number of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefschetz_zeta_function |
Left-hand–right-hand activity chart is an illustration that shows the contributions of the right and left hands of a worker and the balance of the workload between the right and left hands. [ 1 ]
This article about a mechanical engineering topic is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-hand–right-hand_activity_chart |
In algebra , the terms left and right denote the order of a binary operation (usually, but not always, called " multiplication ") in non- commutative algebraic structures .
A binary operation ∗ is usually written in the infix form :
The argument s is placed on the left side, and the argument t is on the right side. Ev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_and_right_(algebra) |
Left shift or blood shift is an increase in the number of immature cell types among the blood cells in a sample of blood. Many (perhaps most) clinical mentions of left shift refer to the white blood cell lineage, particularly neutrophil -precursor band cells , [ 1 ] : 84–84 thus signifying bandemia . Less commonly, lef... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_shift_(medicine) |
Left–right confusion ( LRC ) is the inability to accurately differentiate between left and right directions . Conversely, Left–right discrimination ( LRD ) refers to a person's ability to differentiate between left and right. LRC is reported by approximately 15% of the population according to the 2020 research by Van d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left–right_confusion |
In computing , legacy mode is a state in which a computer system , component, or application software behaves in a way that is different from its standard operation in order to support older software , data , or expected behavior. It differs from backward compatibility in that an item in legacy mode will often sacrific... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy_mode |
A legal expert system is a domain-specific expert system that uses artificial intelligence to emulate the decision-making abilities of a human expert in the field of law. [ 1 ] : 172 Legal expert systems employ a rule base or knowledge base and an inference engine to accumulate, reference and produce expert knowledge o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_expert_system |
A legal singularity is a hypothetical future point in time beyond which the law is much more completely specified, [ 1 ] with human lawmakers and other legal actors being supported by rapid technological advancements and artificial intelligence (AI), leading to a vast reduction in legal uncertainty. [ 2 ]
The legal si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_singularity |
Legal syllogism is a legal concept concerning the law and its application, specifically a form of argument based on deductive reasoning and seeking to establish whether a specified act is lawful. [ 1 ]
A syllogism is a form of logical reasoning that hinges on a question , a major premise , a minor premise and a conclu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_syllogism |
Legalism , in the Western sense, is the ethical attitude that holds moral conduct as a matter of rule following. [ 1 ] It is an approach to the analysis of legal questions characterized by abstract logical reasoning focusing on the applicable legal text, such as a constitution , legislation , or case law , rather than ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalism_(Western_philosophy) |
The Legend of the Octopus is a sports tradition during Detroit Red Wings home playoff games involving dead octopuses thrown onto the ice rink . The origins of the activity dates back to the 1952 playoffs when a National Hockey League team played two best-of-seven series to capture the Stanley Cup .
The tradition start... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legend_of_the_Octopus |
Legendre's constant is a mathematical constant occurring in a formula constructed by Adrien-Marie Legendre to approximate the behavior of the prime-counting function π ( x ) {\displaystyle \pi (x)} . The value that corresponds precisely to its asymptotic behavior is now known to be 1 .
Examination of available numeric... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre's_constant |
In mathematics , Legendre's equation is a Diophantine equation of the form:
a x 2 + b y 2 + c z 2 = 0. {\displaystyle ax^{2}+by^{2}+cz^{2}=0.}
The equation is named for Adrien-Marie Legendre who proved it in 1785 that it is solvable in integers x , y , z , not all zero, if and only if
− bc , − ca and − ab are quadrat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre's_equation |
In geometry , Legendre's theorem on spherical triangles , named after Adrien-Marie Legendre , is stated as follows:
The theorem was very important in simplifying the heavy numerical work in calculating the results of traditional (pre-GPS and pre-computer) geodetic surveys from about 1800 until the middle of the twenti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre's_theorem_on_spherical_triangles |
In mathematics , Legendre's three-square theorem states that a natural number can be represented as the sum of three squares of integers
if and only if n is not of the form n = 4 a ( 8 b + 7 ) {\displaystyle n=4^{a}(8b+7)} for nonnegative integers a and b .
The first numbers that cannot be expressed as the sum of thr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre's_three-square_theorem |
In mathematics, Legendre moments are a type of image moment and are achieved by using the Legendre polynomial . Legendre moments are used in areas of image processing including: pattern and object recognition, image indexing, line fitting, feature extraction, edge detection, and texture analysis. [ 1 ] Legendre moment... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre_moment |
In mathematics , Legendre polynomials , named after Adrien-Marie Legendre (1782), are a system of complete and orthogonal polynomials with a wide number of mathematical properties and numerous applications. They can be defined in many ways, and the various definitions highlight different aspects as well as suggest gene... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre_polynomials |
In physics , the Leggett inequalities , [ 1 ] named for Anthony James Leggett , who derived them, are a related pair of mathematical expressions concerning the correlations of properties of entangled particles. (As published by Leggett, the inequalities were exemplified in terms of relative angles of elliptical and lin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leggett_inequality |
The Leggett–Garg inequality , [ 1 ] named for Anthony James Leggett and Anupam Garg , is a mathematical inequality fulfilled by all macrorealistic physical theories. Here, macrorealism (macroscopic realism) is a classical worldview defined by the conjunction of two postulates, of which the second has actually nothing t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leggett–Garg_inequality |
Terminator: Dark Fate is a 2019 American science fiction action film directed by Tim Miller and written by David S. Goyer , Justin Rhodes , and Billy Ray , based on a story by James Cameron , Charles H. Eglee , Josh Friedman , Goyer, and Rhodes. It is the sixth installment in the Terminator franchise and a direct seque... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_(Terminator) |
In the New Testament , Legion ( Ancient Greek : λεγιών ) is a group of demons , particularly those in two of three versions of the exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac , an account in the synoptic Gospels of an incident in which Jesus of Nazareth performs an exorcism . Legion is a large collection of demons that share a s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_(demons) |
The legion , in biological classification , is a non-obligatory taxonomic rank within the Linnaean hierarchy sometimes used in zoology .
In zoological taxonomy , the legion is:
Legions may be grouped into superlegions or subdivided into sublegions , and these again into infralegions .
Legions and their super/sub/inf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_(taxonomy) |
In statistics , the Lehmann–Scheffé theorem is a prominent statement, tying together the ideas of completeness, sufficiency, uniqueness, and best unbiased estimation. [ 1 ] The theorem states that any estimator that is unbiased for a given unknown quantity and that depends on the data only through a complete , sufficie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehmann–Scheffé_theorem |
Lehmer's conjecture , also known as the Lehmer's Mahler measure problem, is a problem in number theory raised by Derrick Henry Lehmer . [ 1 ] The conjecture asserts that there is an absolute constant μ > 1 {\displaystyle \mu >1} such that every polynomial with integer coefficients P ( x ) ∈ Z [ x ] {\displaystyle P(x)\... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehmer's_conjecture |
In mathematics and in particular in combinatorics , the Lehmer code is a particular way to encode each possible permutation of a sequence of n numbers. It is an instance of a scheme for numbering permutations and is an example of an inversion table.
The Lehmer code is named in reference to D. H. Lehmer , [ 1 ] but the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehmer_code |
The Lehmer random number generator [ 1 ] (named after D. H. Lehmer ), sometimes also referred to as the Park–Miller random number generator (after Stephen K. Park and Keith W. Miller ), is a type of linear congruential generator (LCG) that operates in multiplicative group of integers modulo n . The general formula is
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehmer_random_number_generator |
The Lehmstedt–Tanasescu reaction is a method in organic chemistry for the organic synthesis of acridone derivatives ( 3 ) from a 2-nitro benzaldehyde ( 1 ) and an arene compound ( 2 ): [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
The reaction is named after two chemists who devoted part of their careers to research into this synthet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehmstedt–Tanasescu_reaction |
In the manufacture of float glass , a lehr oven is a long kiln with an end-to-end temperature gradient , which is used for annealing newly made glass objects that are transported through the temperature gradient either on rollers or on a conveyor belt . The annealing renders glass into a stronger material with fewer in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehr_(glassmaking) |
In calculus , Leibniz's notation , named in honor of the 17th-century German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , uses the symbols dx and dy to represent infinitely small (or infinitesimal ) increments of x and y , respectively, just as Δ x and Δ y represent finite increments of x and y , respectiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz's_notation |
The Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize ( German : Förderpreis für deutsche Wissenschaftler im Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz-Programm der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft ), or Leibniz Prize , is awarded by the German Research Foundation to "exceptional scientists and academics for their outstanding achievements in the field o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz_Prize |
In algebra , the Leibniz formula , named in honor of Gottfried Leibniz , expresses the determinant of a square matrix in terms of permutations of the matrix elements. If A {\displaystyle A} is an n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} matrix, where a i j {\displaystyle a_{ij}} is the entry in the i {\displaystyle i} -th row a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz_formula_for_determinants |
In mathematics , the Leibniz formula for π , named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , states that π 4 = 1 − 1 3 + 1 5 − 1 7 + 1 9 − ⋯ = ∑ k = 0 ∞ ( − 1 ) k 2 k + 1 , {\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{4}}=1-{\frac {1}{3}}+{\frac {1}{5}}-{\frac {1}{7}}+{\frac {1}{9}}-\cdots =\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k}}{2k+1}},}
an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz_formula_for_π |
In calculus , the Leibniz integral rule for differentiation under the integral sign, named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , states that for an integral of the form ∫ a ( x ) b ( x ) f ( x , t ) d t , {\displaystyle \int _{a(x)}^{b(x)}f(x,t)\,dt,} where − ∞ < a ( x ) , b ( x ) < ∞ {\displaystyle -\infty <a(x),b(x)<\inf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz_integral_rule |
The Leibniz–Clarke correspondence was a scientific , theological and philosophical debate conducted in an exchange of letters between the German thinker Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Samuel Clarke , an English supporter of Isaac Newton during the years 1715 and 1716. The exchange began because of a letter Leibniz wrot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz–Clarke_correspondence |
In the history of calculus , the calculus controversy ( German : Prioritätsstreit , lit. 'priority dispute') was an argument between mathematicians Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz over who had first discovered calculus . The question was a major intellectual controversy, beginning in 1699 and reaching its pe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz–Newton_calculus_controversy |
The Leiden Bio Science Park (LBSP) is the largest life sciences cluster in the Netherlands [ 1 ] and ranks in the top five of the most successful science parks in Europe. [ 2 ] It is part of Leiden and Oegstgeest and focuses on companies and universities in the Biotechnology sector.
The park comprises 110 hectares (27... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden_Bio_Science_Park |
Leiden Classical [ 1 ] was a volunteer computing project run by the Theoretical Chemistry Department of the Leiden Institute of Chemistry at Leiden University . Leiden Classical used the BOINC system, and enabled scientists or science students to submit their own test simulations of various molecules and atoms in a cl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden_Classical |
The Leidenfrost effect or film boiling is a physical phenomenon in which a liquid, close to a solid surface of another body that is significantly hotter than the liquid's boiling point , produces an insulating vapor layer that keeps the liquid from boiling rapidly. Because of this repulsive force, a droplet hovers over... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leidenfrost_effect |
In atmospheric chemistry , the Leighton relationship is an equation that determines the concentration of tropospheric ozone in areas polluted by the presence of nitrogen oxides . Ozone in the troposphere is primarily produced through the photolysis of nitrogen dioxide by photons with wavelengths (λ) less than 420 nanom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leighton_relationship |
The Leimgruber–Batcho indole synthesis is a series of organic reactions that produce indoles from o-nitro toluenes 1 . [1] [2] [3] The first step is the formation of an enamine 2 using N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal and pyrrolidine . [4] The desired indole 3 is then formed in a second step by reductive cyclisati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leimgruber–Batcho_indole_synthesis |
Leiv Kristen Sydnes (born 9 July 1948) is a Norwegian chemist, specializing in organic chemistry .
He was born in Haugesund , and took his education at the University of Oslo . He has the dr.philos. degree from 1978. He was hired as an associate professor at the University of Tromsø in 1978, and was later promoted to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiv_Kristen_Sydnes |
The lek paradox is a conundrum in evolutionary biology that addresses the persistence of genetic variation in male traits within lek mating systems, despite strong sexual selection through female choice . This paradox arises from the expectation that consistent female preference for particular male traits should erode ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lek_paradox |
Leland C. Clark Jr. (December 4, 1918 – September 25, 2005) was an American biochemist born in Rochester, New York. [ 1 ] He is most well known as the inventor of the Clark electrode , a device used for measuring oxygen in blood, water and other liquids. [ 2 ] Clark is considered the "father of biosensors ", and the mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leland_Clark |
The Lely method , also known as the Lely process or Lely technique , is a crystal growth technology used for producing silicon carbide crystals for the semiconductor industry . The patent for this method was filed in the Netherlands in 1954 and in the United States in 1955 by Jan Anthony Lely of Philips Electronics . [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lely_method |
Lem (also called BRITE-PL ) is the first Polish governmental artificial satellite . [ a ] It was launched in November 2013 as part of the Bright-star Target Explorer (BRITE) programme. The spacecraft was launched aboard a Dnepr rocket . Named after the Polish science fiction writer Stanisław Lem , it is an optical astr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lem_(satellite) |
Lemaître coordinates are a particular set of coordinates for the Schwarzschild metric —a spherically symmetric solution to the Einstein field equations in vacuum—introduced by Georges Lemaître in 1932. [ 1 ] Changing from Schwarzschild to Lemaître coordinates removes the coordinate singularity at the Schwarzschild radi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemaître_coordinates |
In physics, the Lemaître–Tolman metric , also known as the Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi metric or the Tolman metric , is a Lorentzian metric based on an exact solution of Einstein's field equations ; it describes an isotropic and expanding (or contracting) universe which is not homogeneous , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and is thus used in co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemaître–Tolman_metric |
The Lemberg Medal , named after Max Rudolf Lemberg , the first president of the Australian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB), is awarded annually to a scientist who has been a member for five or more years and who has "demonstrated excellence in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and who has made s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemberg_Medal |
The Lemieux–Johnson or Malaprade–Lemieux–Johnson oxidation is a chemical reaction in which an olefin undergoes oxidative cleavage to form two aldehyde or ketone units. The reaction is named after its inventors, Raymond Urgel Lemieux and William Summer Johnson , who published it in 1956. [ 1 ] The reaction proceeds in a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemieux–Johnson_oxidation |
The Lemke–Howson algorithm is an algorithm that computes a Nash equilibrium of a bimatrix game , named after its inventors, Carlton E. Lemke and J. T. Howson . [ 1 ] It is said to be "the best known among the combinatorial algorithms for finding a Nash equilibrium", [ 2 ] although more recently the Porter-Nudelman-Shoh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemke–Howson_algorithm |
In mathematics and other fields, [ a ] a lemma ( pl. : lemmas or lemmata ) is a generally minor, proven proposition which is used to prove a larger statement. For that reason, it is also known as a "helping theorem " or an "auxiliary theorem". [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In many cases, a lemma derives its importance from the theorem i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemma_(mathematics) |
In algebraic geometry , a lemniscate ( / l ɛ m ˈ n ɪ s k ɪ t / or / ˈ l ɛ m n ɪ s ˌ k eɪ t , - k ɪ t / ) [ 1 ] is any of several figure-eight or ∞ -shaped curves . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The word comes from the Latin lēmniscātus , meaning "decorated with ribbons", [ 4 ] from the Greek λημνίσκος ( lēmnískos ), meaning "ribbon", [ ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemniscate |
The Lempel–Ziv complexity is a measure that was first presented in the article On the Complexity of Finite Sequences (IEEE Trans. On IT-22,1 1976), by two Israeli computer scientists, Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv . This complexity measure is related to Kolmogorov complexity , but the only function it uses is the recurs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel–Ziv_complexity |
Lempel–Ziv–Oberhumer ( LZO ) is a lossless data compression algorithm that is focused on decompression speed. [ 1 ]
The original "lzop" implementation, released in 1996, was developed by Markus Franz Xaver Johannes Oberhumer, based on earlier algorithms by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv . The LZO library implements a nu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel–Ziv–Oberhumer |
Lempel–Ziv–Stac ( LZS , or Stac compression or Stacker compression [ 1 ] ) is a lossless data compression algorithm that uses a combination of the LZ77 sliding-window compression algorithm and fixed Huffman coding . It was originally developed by Stac Electronics for tape compression, and subsequently adapted for hard ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel–Ziv–Stac |
Lempel–Ziv–Storer–Szymanski ( LZSS ) is a lossless data compression algorithm , a derivative of LZ77 , that was created in 1982 by James A. Storer and Thomas Szymanski . LZSS was described in article "Data compression via textual substitution" published in Journal of the ACM (1982, pp. 928–951). [ 1 ]
LZSS is a dictio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel–Ziv–Storer–Szymanski |
Lempel–Ziv–Welch ( LZW ) is a universal lossless data compression algorithm created by Abraham Lempel , Jacob Ziv , and Terry Welch . It was published by Welch in 1984 as an improved implementation of the LZ78 algorithm published by Lempel and Ziv in 1978. The algorithm is simple to implement and has the potential for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel–Ziv–Welch |
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Lenarviricota is a phylum of RNA viruses that includes all positive-strand RNA viruses that infect prokaryotes . Some members also infect eukaryotes . Most of these viruses do not have capsids , except for the genus Ourmiavirus . [ 1 ] The name of the group is a syllabic abbreviation of the names of founding ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenarviricota |
In the mathematical theory of probability, Lenglart's inequality was proved by Èrik Lenglart in 1977. [ 1 ] Later slight modifications are also called Lenglart's inequality.
Let X be a non-negative right-continuous F t {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{t}} - adapted process and let G be a non-negative right-continuous n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenglart's_inequality |
Length is a measure of distance . In the International System of Quantities , length is a quantity with dimension distance. In most systems of measurement a base unit for length is chosen, from which all other units are derived. In the International System of Units (SI) system, the base unit for length is the metre . [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length |
In computational chemistry , molecular physics , and physical chemistry , the Lennard-Jones potential (also termed the LJ potential or 12-6 potential ; named for John Lennard-Jones ) is an intermolecular pair potential . Out of all the intermolecular potentials , the Lennard-Jones potential is probably the one that has... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennard-Jones_potential |
The Lenovo ThinkPad X220 is a laptop computer from the ThinkPad series that was manufactured by Lenovo . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It uses a 12.5 inch IPS or TN display. [ 8 ] [ 9 ]
A tablet version was also released. [ 10 ]
The keyboard from the X220 has been retrofitted in a X230. [ 11 ]
This compu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X220 |
A lensmeter or lensometer (sometimes even known as focimeter or vertometer) , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is an optical instrument used in ophthalmology . It is mainly used by optometrists and opticians to measure the back or front vertex power of a spectacle lens and verify the correct prescription in a pair of eyeglasses , to proper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lensmeter |
Lentisphera araneosa is a marine bacteria strain in the bacterial phylum Lentisphaerota . They are able to produce viscous transparent exopolymers and grow attached to each other by the polymer in a three-dimensional configuration. They are part of the natural surface bacterial population in the Atlantic and Pacific o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentisphaera_araneosa |
Lentisphaerota is a phylum of bacteria closely related to Chlamydiota and Verrucomicrobiota . [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
It includes two monotypic orders Lentisphaerales and Victivallales . Phylum members can be aerobic or anaerobic and fall under two distinct phenotypes. These phenotypes live within bodies of sea water and were par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentisphaerota |
A lentoid is a geometric shape of a three-dimensional body, best described as a circle viewed from one direction and a convex lens viewed from every orthogonal direction. It has no strict mathematical definition, but may be described as the volume enclosed within overlapping paraboloids .
The term is most often used i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentoid |
Lentztrehaloses A, B, and C are trehalose analogues found in an actinomycete Lentzea sp. ML457-mF8. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Lentztrehaloses A and B can be synthesized chemically. [ 3 ] The non-reducing disaccharide trehalose is commonly used in foods and various products as stabilizer and humectant, respectively. Trehalose has bee... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentztrehalose |
Leo Morandi (14 September 1923 – 2 May 2009) was a promoter of the new post- World War II commercial ceramics industry of Sassuolo , Italy. At first he collaborated with local ceramic producers ( Marazzi Group ) and with Industries D'Agostino in Salerno , Italy . In 1954, after selling an innovative patent to Ceramiche... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Morandi |
Leo Palatinus ( Latin for Palatine Lion ) was a constellation created by the astronomer Karl-Joseph König in 1785. He created the constellation to honor the patrons, Count Palatine Charles Theodore and Countess Palatine Elizabeth Auguste , of the observatory in Mannheim, Germany, where he worked. However, the constella... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Palatinus |
Leo Yaffe , OC FRSC (July 6, 1916 – May 14, 1997) was a Canadian nuclear chemistry scientist and a proponent of the peaceful uses of nuclear power .
Born in Devils Lake , North Dakota , his family moved to Winnipeg in 1920. He studied at the University of Manitoba receiving a B.Sc.(Hons) in 1940, a M.Sc. in 1941, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Yaffe |
Leon N. Cooper ( né Kupchik ; February 28, 1930 – October 23, 2024) was an American theoretical physicist and neuroscientist . He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on superconductivity . Cooper developed the concept of Cooper pairs and collaborated with John Bardeen and John Robert Schrieffer to develop the B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Cooper |
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