text stringlengths 11 320k | source stringlengths 26 161 |
|---|---|
Lewis Norman Mander , AC , FAA , FRS (8 September 1939 – 8 February 2020) was a New Zealand -born Australian organic chemist . He has widely explored the synthesis and chemistry of the gibberellin class of diterpenes over a 20-year period at the Australian National University (ANU). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In particular, he studie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lew_Mander |
Lewis' law gives a relationship between the size and the shape of epithelial cells . It states that the average apical area A ¯ n {\displaystyle {\bar {A}}_{n}} of an epithelial cell is linearly related to its neighbor number n {\displaystyle n} . It is a phenomenological law that was first described in the cucumber ep... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis'_law |
Lewis Paul (died 1759) was the original inventor of roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinning cotton in a cotton mill .
Lewis Paul was of Huguenot descent. His father was physician to Lord Shaftesbury . He may have begun work on designing a spinning machine for cotton as early as 1729, but probably d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Paul |
In organic chemistry , Lewis acid catalysis is the use of metal-based Lewis acids as catalysts for organic reactions . The acids act as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate . Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum , boron , silicon , and tin , as well ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_acid_catalysis |
In fluid dynamics and thermodynamics , the Lewis number (denoted Le ) is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of thermal diffusivity to mass diffusivity . It is used to characterize fluid flows where there is simultaneous heat and mass transfer . The Lewis number puts the thickness of the thermal boundary layer ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_number |
Lewis structures – also called Lewis dot formulas , Lewis dot structures , electron dot structures , or Lewis electron dot structures ( LEDs ) – are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule , as well as the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Introduced by Gilbert... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_structure |
Lex petrolea is a proposed sub branch of lex mercatoria that would be based on the body of international arbitral awards related to the petroleum industry. The first use of the term was in the landmark arbitration case Government of the State of Kuwait v. American Independent Oil Co. (AMINOIL) where the argument was ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_petrolea |
In spherical geometry , Lexell's theorem holds that every spherical triangle with the same surface area on a fixed base has its apex on a small circle , called Lexell's circle or Lexell's locus , [ 1 ] passing through each of the two points antipodal to the two base vertices .
A spherical triangle is a shape on a sphe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexell's_theorem |
Lexicographic codes or lexicodes are greedily generated error-correcting codes with remarkably good properties. They were produced independently by Vladimir Levenshtein [ 1 ] and by John Horton Conway and Neil Sloane . [ 2 ] The binary lexicographic codes are linear codes , and include the Hamming codes and the binary... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicographic_code |
In mathematics , the lexicographic or lexicographical order (also known as lexical order , or dictionary order ) is a generalization of the alphabetical order of the dictionaries to sequences of ordered symbols or, more generally, of elements of a totally ordered set .
There are several variants and generalizations of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicographic_order |
Lexitropsins are members of a family of semi-synthetic DNA -binding ligands . [ 1 ] They are structural analogs of the natural antibiotics netropsin and distamycin . Antibiotics of this group can bind in the minor groove of DNA with different sequence-selectivity. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Lexitropsins form a complexes with DNA with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexitropsin |
Lexus Link , launched in October 2000, is a subscription-based safety and security service from Lexus. It has been offered as a factory-installed option, available on certain Lexus models (LX, GX, LS, and GS), offering call-center-based telematics services to owners with equipped vehicles in the United States and Canad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexus_Link |
Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate ( TPAP or TPAPR ) is the chemical compound described by the formula N(C 3 H 7 ) 4 RuO 4 . Sometimes known as the Ley –Griffith reagent, this ruthenium compound is used as a reagent in organic synthesis . This salt consists of the tetrapropylammonium cation and the perruthenate anion, Ru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_Oxidation |
The Leyland L60 was a British 19-litre (1,200 cu in) vertical six-cylinder opposed-piston two-stroke multi-fuel diesel engine designed by Leyland Motors in the late 1950s/early 1960s for the Chieftain main battle tank (MBT). The engine was also used in the Vickers MBT and its Indian-built derivative, the Vijayanta .
T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyland_L60 |
Lhasa ( Japanese pronunciation: [ɾasa] ) is a Japanese computer program used for unpacking or decompressing files in various compressed formats, including LHA (LZH) and ZIP . Lhasa is an open-source utility specifically designed for handling LHA compression, which was a common format for archiving files in early comput... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhasa_(computing) |
Lithium borate , [ 1 ] also known as lithium tetraborate , [ 2 ] dilithium tetraborate [ 3 ] or boron lithium oxide [ 2 ] is an inorganic compound with the formula Li 2 B 4 O 7 . A colorless solid, lithium borate is used in making glasses and ceramics . It is not to be confused with B 8 Li 2 O 13 , also called lithium ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2B4O7 |
Dilithium acetylide is an organometallic compound with the formula Li 2 C 2 . It is typically derived by double deprotonation of acetylene. X-ray crystallography confirms the presence of C≡C subunits attached to lithium, resulting in a polymeric structure. [ 3 ] Li 2 C 2 is one of an extensive range of lithium-carbon c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2C2 |
Lithium carbonate is an inorganic compound , the lithium salt of carbonic acid with the formula Li 2 CO 3 . This white salt is widely used in processing metal oxides. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines [ 7 ] for its efficacy in the treatment of mood disorders such as bipolar disorder .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2CO3 |
Lithium hexafluorogermanate is the inorganic compound with the formula Li 2 GeF 6 . It forms a solid off-white deliquescent powder. When exposed to moisture, it easily hydrolyses to release hydrogen fluoride and germanium tetrafluoride gases. [ 1 ]
Lithium hexafluorogermanate can be dissolved in a solution of hydroge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2GeF6 |
Lithium iridate , Li 2 IrO 3 , is a chemical compound of lithium , iridium and oxygen. It forms black crystals with three slightly different layered atomic structures, α, β, and sometimes γ. Lithium iridate exhibits metal-like, temperature-independent electrical conductivity , and changes its magnetic ordering from par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2IrO3 |
Lithium molybdate ( Li 2 Mo O 4 ) is a chemical compound . It is mainly used as an inhibitor in some types of industrial air conditioning.
Lithium molybdate is used as corrosion inhibitor in LiBr ( Lithium bromide ) absorption chiller for industrial central air conditioning . It is manufactured and shipped as either... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2MoO4 |
Lithium imide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Li 2 N H . This white solid can be formed by a reaction between lithium amide and lithium hydride . [ 1 ]
The product is light-sensitive and can undergo disproportionation to lithium amide and characteristically red lithium nitride .
Lithium imide is th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2NH |
Lithium oxide ( Li 2 O ) or lithia is an inorganic chemical compound . It is a white solid. Although not specifically important, many materials are assessed on the basis of their Li 2 O content. For example, the Li 2 O content of the principal lithium mineral spodumene (LiAlSi 2 O 6 ) is 8.03%. [ 2 ]
Lithium oxide for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2O |
Lithium peroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Li 2 O 2 . Lithium peroxide is a white solid, and unlike most other alkali metal peroxides, it is nonhygroscopic . Because of its high oxygen:mass and oxygen:volume ratios, the solid has been used to remove CO 2 from and release O 2 to the atmosphere in spacec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2O2 |
Potassium sulfate Rubidium sulfate Caesium sulfate
Lithium sulfate is a white inorganic salt with the formula Li 2 S O 4 . It is the lithium salt of sulfuric acid .
Lithium sulfate is soluble in water, though it does not follow the usual trend of increasing solubility of most salts with temperature. To the contrary, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2O4S |
Lithium polonide is a chemical compound with the formula Li 2 Po . It is a polonide , a set of very chemically stable compounds of polonium. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Lithium polonide may be produced from a redox reaction between aqueous polonium hydride and lithium metal [ 2 ] [ 3 ] or from an acid-base reaction of H 2 Po with str... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2Po |
Lithium platinate , Li 2 PtO 3 , is a chemical compound of lithium , platinum and oxygen. It is a semiconductor with a layered honeycomb crystal structure and a band gap of 2.3 eV, and can be prepared by direct calcination of Pt metal and lithium carbonate at ca. 600 °C. [ 3 ] Lithium platinate is a potential lithium-i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2PtO3 |
Lithium ruthenate , Li 2 RuO 3 , is a chemical compound of lithium , ruthenium and oxygen. It has a layered honeycomb crystal structure, and can be prepared by direct calcination of Ru metal and lithium carbonate at ca. 700 °C. [ 2 ] It is a potential lithium-ion battery electrode material, [ 2 ] though this applicatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2RuO3 |
Lithium sulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula Li 2 S . It crystallizes in the antifluorite motif, described as the salt (Li + ) 2 S 2− . It forms a solid yellow-white deliquescent powder. In air, it easily hydrolyses to release foul smelling hydrogen sulfide gas. [ 2 ]
Lithium sulfide is prepared by tr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2S |
Lithium sulfite , or lithium sulphite , is an ionic compound with the formula Li 2 SO 3 . [ 1 ]
This inorganic compound –related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2SO3 |
Potassium sulfate Rubidium sulfate Caesium sulfate
Lithium sulfate is a white inorganic salt with the formula Li 2 S O 4 . It is the lithium salt of sulfuric acid .
Lithium sulfate is soluble in water, though it does not follow the usual trend of increasing solubility of most salts with temperature. To the contrary, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2SO4 |
Lithium metasilicate is an ionic compound with the formula Li 2 SiO 3
Lithium metasilicate is prepared by the reaction of lithium carbonate and silicon dioxide at temperatures between 515 and 565 °C. [ 1 ]
The melting of lithium metasilicate is used for the calibration of thermocouples . [ 2 ] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2SiO3 |
Lithium telluride (Li 2 Te) is an inorganic compound of lithium and tellurium . Along with LiTe 3 , it is one of the two intermediate solid phases in the lithium-tellurium system. [ 3 ] It can be prepared by directly reacting lithium and tellurium in a beryllium oxide crucible at 950°C. [ 4 ]
This inorganic compound –... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li2Te |
Lithium nitride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Li 3 N . It is the only stable alkali metal nitride . It is a reddish-pink solid with a high melting point. [ 1 ]
Lithium nitride is prepared by direct reaction of elemental lithium with nitrogen gas: [ 2 ]
Instead of burning lithium metal in an atmos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li3N |
Lithium orthosilicate is a compound with the chemical formula Li 4 SiO 4 . It is a white ceramic compound, which melts congruently at a temperature of 1,258 °C (2,296 °F). [ 1 ]
Lithium orthosilicate is of primary interest towards carbon dioxide capture , as this compound reacts with CO 2 at elevated temperatures to f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li4SiO4 |
Lithium titanates are chemical compounds of lithium , titanium and oxygen . They are mixed oxides and belong to the titanates . The most important lithium titanates are:
Other lithium titanates, i.e. mixed oxides of the system Li 2 O–TiO 2 , are:
Lithium metatitanate is a compound with the chemical formula Li 2 TiO 3... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li4Ti5O12 |
Lithium aluminium hydride , commonly abbreviated to LAH , is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Li [ Al H 4 ] or LiAlH 4 . It is a white solid, discovered by Finholt, Bond and Schlesinger in 1947. [ 4 ] This compound is used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis , especially for the reduction of esters ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiAlH4 |
Lithium aluminum oxide
Lithium aluminate ( LiAlO 2 ), also called lithium aluminium oxide , is an inorganic chemical compound , an aluminate of lithium . In microelectronics , lithium aluminate is considered as a lattice matching substrate for gallium nitride . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In nuclear technology , lithium aluminate is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiAlO2 |
Lithium borohydride (LiBH 4 ) is a borohydride and known in organic synthesis as a reducing agent for esters . Although less common than the related sodium borohydride , the lithium salt offers some advantages, being a stronger reducing agent and highly soluble in ethers, whilst remaining safer to handle than lithium ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiBH4 |
Lithium bromide ( LiBr ) is a chemical compound of lithium and bromine . Its extreme hygroscopic character makes LiBr useful as a desiccant in certain air conditioning systems. [ 9 ]
LiBr is prepared by treating an aqueous suspension of lithium carbonate with hydrobromic acid or by reacting lithium hydroxide with brom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiBr |
Lithium acetate (CH 3 COOLi) is a salt of lithium and acetic acid . It is often abbreviated as LiOAc.
Lithium acetate is used in the laboratory as buffer for gel electrophoresis of DNA and RNA . It has a lower electrical conductivity and can be run at higher speeds than can gels made from TAE buffer (5-30V/cm as compa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiCH3COO |
Lithium chloride is a chemical compound with the formula Li Cl . The salt is a typical ionic compound (with certain covalent characteristics), although the small size of the Li + ion gives rise to properties not seen for other alkali metal chlorides, such as extraordinary solubility in polar solvents (83.05 g/100 mL of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiCl |
Lithium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of Li O Cl . It is the lithium salt of hypochlorous acid . It consists of lithium cations ( Li + ) and hypochlorite anions ( − OCl ). It is a colorless, crystalline compound. It has been used as a disinfectant for pools, and is also used as a reagent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiClO |
Lithium perchlorate is the inorganic compound with the formula LiClO 4 . This white or colourless crystalline salt is noteworthy for its high solubility in many solvents. It exists both in anhydrous form and as a trihydrate .
Lithium perchlorate is used as a source of oxygen in some chemical oxygen generators . It de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiClO4 |
Lithium cobalt oxide , sometimes called lithium cobaltate [ 2 ] or lithium cobaltite , [ 3 ] is a chemical compound with formula LiCoO 2 . The cobalt atoms are formally in the +3 oxidation state, hence the IUPAC name lithium cobalt(III) oxide .
Lithium cobalt oxide is a dark blue or bluish-gray crystalline solid, [ 4 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiCoO2 |
Lithium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiF. It is a colorless solid that transitions to white with decreasing crystal size.
Its structure is analogous to that of sodium chloride , but it is much less soluble in water. It is mainly used as a component of molten salts . [ 4 ] Partly because ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiF |
Lithium iron phosphate or lithium ferro-phosphate ( LFP ) is an inorganic compound with the formula LiFePO 4 . It is a gray, red-grey, brown or black solid that is insoluble in water. The material has attracted attention as a component of lithium iron phosphate batteries , [ 1 ] a type of Li-ion battery . [ 2 ] This ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiFePO4 |
Lithium hydride is an inorganic compound with the formula Li H . This alkali metal hydride is a colorless solid, although commercial samples are grey. Characteristic of a salt-like (ionic) hydride , it has a high melting point, and it is not soluble but reactive with all protic organic solvents . It is soluble and nonr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiH |
Lithium iodide , or LiI, is a compound of lithium and iodine . When exposed to air , it becomes yellow in color, due to the oxidation of iodide to iodine. [ 2 ] It crystallizes in the NaCl motif . [ 3 ] It can participate in various hydrates . [ 4 ]
Lithium iodide is used as a solid-state electrolyte for high-temperat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiI |
LiMETER stands for l ight- i nducible me mbrane- t ethered peripheral e ndoplasmic r eticulum (ER). LiMETER is an optogenetics tool designed to reversibly label cortical ER [ 1 ] or the apposition between plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (termed as ER-PM junctions ).
The ER luminal domain ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiMETER |
Lithiophilite is a mineral containing the element lithium . It is lithium manganese (II) phosphate with chemical formula LiMnPO 4 . It occurs in pegmatites often associated with triphylite, the iron end member in a solid solution series. The mineral with intermediate composition is known as sicklerite and has the chemi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiMnPO4 |
Lithium azide is the lithium salt of hydrazoic acid . It is an unstable and toxic compound that decomposes into lithium and nitrogen when heated.
It can be prepared by metathesis reaction between sodium azide and lithium nitrate or lithium sulfate solutions:
It can also be prepared by reacting lithium sulfate with ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiN3 |
Lithium nitrite is the lithium salt of nitrous acid, with formula LiNO 2 . This compound is hygroscopic and very soluble in water. It is used as a corrosion inhibitor in mortar . [ 4 ] It is also used in the production of explosives , due to its ability to nitrosate ketones under certain conditions. [ 5 ]
Lithium nitr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiNO2 |
Lithium nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula LiNO 3 . It is the lithium salt of nitric acid (an alkali metal nitrate ). The salt is deliquescent , absorbing water to form the hydrated form, lithium nitrate trihydrate. Its eutectics are of interest for heat transfer fluids. [ 2 ]
It is made by treating li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiNO3 |
Lithium niobate ( Li Nb O 3 ) is a synthetic salt consisting of niobium , lithium , and oxygen . Its single crystals are an important material for optical waveguides, mobile phones, piezoelectric sensors, optical modulators and various other linear and non-linear optical applications. [ 6 ] Lithium niobate is sometimes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiNbO3 |
Lithium superoxide is an unstable inorganic salt with formula Li O 2 . A radical compound, it can be produced at low temperature in matrix isolation experiments, or in certain nonpolar , non-protic solvents . Lithium superoxide is also a transient species during the reduction of oxygen in a lithium–air galvanic cell , ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiO2 |
Lithium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula LiOH. It can exist as anhydrous or hydrated, and both forms are white hygroscopic solids. They are soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol . Both are available commercially. While classified as a strong base , lithium hydroxide is the weakest known al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiOH |
Lithium hexafluorophosphate is an inorganic compound with the formula Li PF 6 . It is a white crystalline powder.
LiPF 6 is manufactured by reacting phosphorus pentachloride with hydrogen fluoride and lithium fluoride [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Suppliers include Targray and Morita Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.
The salt is relative... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiPF6 |
LiSiCA ( Li gand Si milarity using C lique A lgorithm) is a ligand-based virtual screening software that searches for 2D and 3D similarities between a reference compound and a database of target compounds which should be represented in a Mol2 format. The similarities are expressed using the Tanimoto coefficients and th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiSiCA |
Lithium tantalate is the inorganic compound with the formula Li Ta O 3 . It is a white, diamagnetic , water-insoluble solid. The compound has the perovskite structure . It has optical , piezoelectric , and pyroelectric properties. Considerable information is available from commercial sources about this material. [ 3 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiTaO3 |
In mathematics , in combinatorics , the Li Shanlan identity (also called Li Shanlan's summation formula ) is a certain combinatorial identity attributed to the nineteenth century Chinese mathematician Li Shanlan . [ 1 ] Since Li Shanlan is also known as Li Renshu (his courtesy name ), this identity is also referred to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Shanlan_identity |
A liana is a long- stemmed woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. [ 1 ] The word liana does not refer to a taxonomic grouping, but rather a habit of plant growth – much like tree or shrub .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liana |
The liberal paradox , also Sen paradox or Sen's paradox , is a logical paradox proposed by Amartya Sen which shows that no means of aggregating individual preferences into a single, social choice, can simultaneously fulfill the following, seemingly mild conditions:
Sen's result shows that this is impossible. The three... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_paradox |
Liberman's lemma is a theorem used in studying intrinsic geometry of convex surface .
It is named after Joseph Liberman .
If γ {\displaystyle \gamma } is a unit-speed minimizing geodesic on the surface of a convex body K in Euclidean space then for any point p ∈ K , the function
is concave.
This differential geometr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberman's_lemma |
libevent is a software library that provides asynchronous event notification. The libevent API provides a mechanism to execute a callback function when a specific event occurs on a file descriptor or after a timeout has been reached. libevent also supports callbacks triggered by signals and regular timeouts.
libevent ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libevent |
liblzg is a compression library for performing lossless data compression . It implements an algorithm that is a variation of the LZ77 algorithm, called the LZG algorithm, with the primary focus of providing a very simple and fast decoding method. One of the key features of the algorithm is that it requires no memory du... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liblzg |
In molecular biology , a library is a collection of genetic material fragments that are stored and propagated in a population of microbes through the process of molecular cloning . There are different types of DNA libraries, including cDNA libraries (formed from reverse-transcribed RNA ), genomic libraries (formed from... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(biology) |
A library and information scientist , also known as a library scholar , is a researcher or academic who specializes in the field of library and information science and often participates in scholarly writing about and related to library and information science. A library and information scientist is neither limited to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_and_information_scientist |
The Library of Latin Texts ( LLT ) is a subscription-based database of Latin texts, from antiquity up to the present day. Started in 1991 as the Cetedoc Library of Christian Latin Texts (CLCLT), it continues to be developed by the Centre ‘Traditio Litterarum Occidentalium’ and is hosted by Brepols Publishers .
In 1991... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Latin_Texts |
Libration (from the Latin verb librare "to balance, to sway"; cf. libra "scales") is a type of reciprocating motion in which an object with a nearly fixed orientation repeatedly rotates slightly back and forth. In physics and chemistry , a molecule (or other group of atoms ) can undergo libration if it is subject to ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libration_(molecule) |
Other:
The Librem 5 is a smartphone manufactured by Purism that is part of their Librem line of products. The phone is designed with the goal of using free software whenever possible and includes PureOS , a Linux operating system, by default. [ 3 ] Like other Librem products, the Librem 5 focuses on privacy and freedo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librem_5 |
Librestream Technologies Inc. is a privately owned, venture capital–backed company based in Winnipeg, Canada. Librestream provides technologies that enable mobile and remote enterprise collaboration.
Librestream is known for its unique hand-held mobile devices and accompanying software which help extend traditional vi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librestream |
libRoadRunner is a C / C++ software library that supports simulation of SBML based models.. [ 1 ] It uses LLVM to generate extremely high-performance code and is the fastest SBML-based simulator currently available. [ 2 ] Its main purpose is for use as a reusable library that can be hosted by other applications, partic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libroadrunner |
libuv is a multi-platform C library that provides support for asynchronous I/O based on event loops . It supports epoll(4) , kqueue(2) , Windows IOCP , Solaris event ports and Linux io_uring . It is primarily designed for use in Node.js but it is also used by other software projects. [ 3 ] It was originally an abstract... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libuv |
License borrowing is a feature that allows a user to run software on a computer that is not continuously connected to the license server on the network .
When making a borrow request, the user is either connected to the server over the network, or with some systems the license can be borrowed via secure file exchange ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/License_borrowing |
A lichen ( / ˈ l aɪ k ən / LIE -kən , UK also / ˈ l ɪ tʃ ən / LI -chən ) is a hybrid colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria [ 1 ] [ 2 ] embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualistic relationship. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen |
Lichen anatomy and physiology is very different from the anatomy and physiology of the fungus and/or algae and/or cyanobacteria that make up the lichen when growing apart from the lichen, either naturally, or in culture. The fungal partner is called the mycobiont . The photosynthetic partner, algae or cyanobacteria, is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen_anatomy_and_physiology |
Lichen morphology describes the external appearance and structures of a lichen . These can vary considerably from species to species. Lichen growth forms are used to group lichens by "vegetative" thallus types, and forms of "non-vegetative" reproductive parts. Some lichen thalli have the aspect of leaves (foliose liche... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen_morphology |
Lichen products , also known as lichen substances , are organic compounds produced by a lichen . Specifically, they are secondary metabolites . Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoids , orcinol derivatives, chromones , xanthones , depsides , and depsidones . Over 800 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen_product |
Lichen stromatolites are laminar calcretes that are proposed as being formed by a sequence of repetitions of induration followed by lichen colonization. Endolithic lichens inhabit areas between grains of rock, chemically and physically weathering that rock, leaving a rind, which is then indurated (hardened), then recol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen_stromatolite |
A lichenicolous fungus is a member of a specialised group of fungi that live exclusively on lichens as their host organisms. These fungi, comprising over 2,000 known species across 280 genera , exhibit a wide range of ecological strategies, including parasitism , commensalism , and mutualism . They can be found in dive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichenicolous_fungus |
Lichenin , also known as lichenan or moss starch , is a complex glucan occurring in certain species of lichens . It can be extracted from Cetraria islandica ( Iceland moss ). [ 1 ] It has been studied since about 1957. [ 2 ]
Chemically, lichenin is a mixed-linkage glucan , consisting of repeating glucose units linked ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichenin |
Lichenology is the branch of mycology that studies the lichens , symbiotic organisms made up of an intimate symbiotic association of a microscopic alga (or a cyanobacterium ) with a filamentous fungus . Lichens are chiefly characterized by this symbiosis.
Study of lichens draws knowledge from several disciplines: myco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichenologist |
Lichenology is the branch of mycology that studies the lichens , symbiotic organisms made up of an intimate symbiotic association of a microscopic alga (or a cyanobacterium ) with a filamentous fungus . Lichens are chiefly characterized by this symbiosis.
Study of lichens draws knowledge from several disciplines: myco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichenology |
In archaeology , palaeontology , and geomorphology , lichenometry is a geomorphic method of geochronologic dating that uses lichen growth to determine the age of exposed rock , based on a presumed specific rate of increase in radial size over time. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] : 9 Measuring the diameter of the largest lichen of a speci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichenometry |
Some types of lichen are able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. This process relies on the presence of cyanobacteria as a partner species within the lichen. The ability to fix nitrogen enables lichen to live in nutrient-poor environments. Lichen can also extract nitrogen from the rocks on which they grow.
Nitrogen ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichens_and_nitrogen_cycling |
Lichens are a composite organism consisting of fungi and algae living in symbiotic relationship . They are well adapted to survive in harsh conditions. One of the many places they can be found is the Namib , the desert that gave Namibia its name. Fog in the coastal parts of the desert provides the necessary moisture fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichens_of_Namibia |
Lichtheimia is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Lichtheimiaceae . [ 1 ]
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution . [ 1 ]
Species: [ 1 ] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichtheimia |
Licking is the action of passing the tongue over a surface, typically either to deposit saliva onto the surface, or to collect liquid, food or minerals onto the tongue for ingestion , or to communicate with other animals . Many animals both groom themselves , eat or drink by licking.
Grooming: Animals commonly clean t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licking |
In mathematics , the Lickorish–Wallace theorem in the theory of 3-manifolds states that any closed , orientable , connected 3-manifold may be obtained by performing Dehn surgery on a framed link in the 3-sphere with ±1 surgery coefficients. Furthermore, each component of the link can be assumed to be unknotted.
The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lickorish–Wallace_theorem |
Lidia Angeleri Hügel (born 1960) is an Italian mathematician whose research in abstract algebra and representation theory focuses on tilting theory and its offshoot, silting theory . She is a professor of algebra at the University of Verona . [ 1 ]
Angeleri Hügel was born in Milan , [ 2 ] in 1960. [ 3 ] She studied ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidia_Angeleri_Hügel |
Lidia Vallarino (1930–2017) was an inorganic chemist who was chemistry lecturer at the University of Milan. In the 1950s and 19960s, she was a rare example of a well-published female active in coordination chemistry and organometallic chemistry . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Vallarino received her PhD in 1954 from the University of Mi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidia_Vallarino |
In mathematics , a Lidstone series , named after George James Lidstone , is a kind of polynomial expansion that can express certain types of entire functions .
Let ƒ ( z ) be an entire function of exponential type less than ( N + 1) π , as defined below. Then ƒ ( z ) can be expanded in terms of polynomials A n as fol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidstone_series |
In mathematics, a Lie-* algebra is a D-module with a Lie* bracket. They were introduced by Alexander Beilinson and Vladimir Drinfeld ( Beilinson & Drinfeld (2004 , section 2.5.3)), and are similar to the conformal algebras discussed by Kac (1998) and to vertex Lie algebras .
This algebra -related article is a stub . Y... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie-*_algebra |
In mathematics , a Lie group (pronounced / l iː / LEE ) is a group that is also a differentiable manifold , such that group multiplication and taking inverses are both differentiable.
A manifold is a space that locally resembles Euclidean space , whereas groups define the abstract concept of a binary operation along w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_group |
In mathematics , a Lie groupoid is a groupoid where the set Ob {\displaystyle \operatorname {Ob} } of objects and the set Mor {\displaystyle \operatorname {Mor} } of morphisms are both manifolds , all the category operations (source and target, composition, identity-assigning map and inversion) are smooth, and the sour... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_groupoid |
In mathematics, the Lie operad is an operad whose algebras are Lie algebras . The notion (at least one version) was introduced by Ginzburg & Kapranov (1994) in their formulation of Koszul duality .
Fix a base field k and let L i e ( x 1 , … , x n ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Lie}}(x_{1},\dots ,x_{n})} denote the free L... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_operad |
Lie point symmetry is a concept in advanced mathematics . Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Sophus Lie introduced the notion of Lie group in order to study the solutions of ordinary differential equations [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] (ODEs). He showed the following main property: the order of an ordinary differential equ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_point_symmetry |
In mathematics , the mathematician Sophus Lie ( / l iː / LEE ) initiated lines of study involving integration of differential equations , transformation groups , and contact of spheres that have come to be called Lie theory . [ 1 ] For instance, the latter subject is Lie sphere geometry . This article addresses his app... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_theory |
Lieb's square ice constant is a mathematical constant used in the field of combinatorics to approximately count Eulerian orientations of grid graphs . It was introduced by Elliott H. Lieb in 1967. [ 1 ] It is called the square ice constant because the orientations that it counts arise in statistical mechanics of crysta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieb's_square_ice_constant |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.