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An orbital pole is either point at the ends of the orbital normal , an imaginary line segment that runs through a focus of an orbit (of a revolving body like a planet , moon or satellite ) and is perpendicular (or normal ) to the orbital plane . Projected onto the celestial sphere , orbital poles are similar in concept... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_normal |
In chemical bonds , an orbital overlap is the concentration of orbitals on adjacent atoms in the same regions of space. Orbital overlap can lead to bond formation. The general principle for orbital overlap is that, the greater the overlap between orbitals, the greater the bond strength. Linus Pauling explained the imp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_overlap |
The orbital period (also revolution period ) is the amount of time a given astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object. In astronomy , it usually applies to planets or asteroids orbiting the Sun , moons orbiting planets, exoplanets orbiting other stars , or binary stars . It may also refer to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_period |
The orbital plane of a revolving body is the geometric plane in which its orbit lies. Three non- collinear points in space suffice to determine an orbital plane. A common example would be the positions of the centers of a massive body (host) and of an orbiting celestial body at two different times/points of its orbit.
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_plane |
In celestial mechanics , the orbital plane of reference (or orbital reference plane ) is the plane used to define orbital elements (positions). The two main orbital elements that are measured with respect to the plane of reference are the inclination and the longitude of the ascending node .
Depending on the type of b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_plane_of_reference |
An orbital pole is either point at the ends of the orbital normal , an imaginary line segment that runs through a focus of an orbit (of a revolving body like a planet , moon or satellite ) and is perpendicular (or normal ) to the orbital plane . Projected onto the celestial sphere , orbital poles are similar in concept... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_pole |
An orbital propellant depot is a cache of propellant that is placed in orbit around Earth or another body to allow spacecraft or the transfer stage of the spacecraft to be fueled in space. It is one of the types of space resource depots that have been proposed for enabling infrastructure-based space exploration . [ 1 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_propellant_depot |
An orbital ring is a concept of an artificial ring placed around a body and set rotating at such a rate that the apparent centrifugal force is large enough to counteract the force of gravity . For the Earth , the required speed is on the order of 10 km/sec, [ citation needed ] compared to a typical low Earth orbit orbi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_ring |
An orbital stretch wrapper is a means of applying stretchable plastic film to a load, consisting of a roll (or rolls) of stretch wrap supported on a vertical rotating ring and a means of passing a load through the ring's eye horizontally. Several designs are available. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The item or load can go through the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_stretch_wrapper |
The Orbiting Carbon Observatory ( OCO ) was a failed NASA satellite mission intended to provide global space-based observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ). The original spacecraft was lost in a launch failure on 24 February 2009, when the payload fairing of the Taurus rocket which was carrying it failed to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiting_Carbon_Observatory |
Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 ( OCO-2 ) is an American environmental science satellite which launched on 2 July 2014. A NASA mission, it is a replacement for the Orbiting Carbon Observatory which was lost in a launch failure in 2009. It is the second successful high-precision (better than 0.3%) CO 2 observing satellite... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiting_Carbon_Observatory_2 |
The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 ( OCO-3 ) is a NASA - JPL instrument designed to measure carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere . The instrument is mounted on the Japanese Experiment Module-Exposed Facility on board the International Space Station (ISS). [ 4 ] OCO-3 was scheduled to be transported to space by a SpaceX ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiting_Carbon_Observatory_3 |
Orcas or killer whales have a cosmopolitan distribution and several distinct populations or types have been documented or suggested. Three to five types of orcas may be distinct enough to be considered different races , [ 1 ] subspecies , or possibly even species [ 2 ] (see species problem ). The IUCN reported in 2008,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orca_types_and_populations |
Orcein , also called archil , orchil , lacmus and C.I. Natural Red 28 , is any dye extracted from several species of lichen , commonly known as "orchella weeds", found in various parts of the world. A major source is the archil lichen, Roccella tinctoria . [ 1 ] Orcinol is extracted from such lichens. It is then conver... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orcein |
In discrete geometry , the original orchard-planting problem (or the tree-planting problem ) asks for the maximum number of 3-point lines attainable by a configuration of a specific number of points in the plane . There are also investigations into how many k -point lines there can be. Hallard T. Croft and Paul Erdős p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchard-planting_problem |
Orchestra Control Engine is a suite of software components (based on Linux / RTAI ) used for the planning, development and deployment of real-time control applications for industrial machines and robots.
Orchestra Control Engine has been developed by Sintesi SpA in partnership with the Italian National Research Counci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra_Control_Engine |
Orchestrated objective reduction ( Orch OR ) is a theory postulating that consciousness originates at the quantum level inside neurons (rather than being a product of neural connections ). The mechanism is held to be a quantum process called objective reduction that is orchestrated by cellular structures called microtu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestrated_objective_reduction |
Orchid mycorrhizae are endomycorrhizal fungi which develop symbiotic relationships with the roots and seeds of plants of the family Orchidaceae . Nearly all orchids are myco-heterotrophic at some point in their life cycle . Orchid mycorrhizae are critically important during orchid germination , as an orchid seed has vi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchid_mycorrhiza |
The Ordem dos Engenheiros ( OE , English: Order of Engineers ) is the regulatory and licensing body for the engineering profession in Portugal . It is headquartered in Lisbon , and has several regional branches in other Portuguese cities.
The OE was established by law in 1936. It succeeded the Portuguese Association o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordem_dos_Engenheiros |
In geometry , an order-2 apeirogonal tiling , apeirogonal dihedron , or infinite dihedron [ 1 ] is a tessellation (gap-free filling with repeated shapes) of the plane consisting of two apeirogons . It may be considered an improper regular tiling of the Euclidean plane, with Schläfli symbol {∞, 2}. Two apeirogons joined... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order-2_apeirogonal_tiling |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 4-space , the order-5 icosahedral 120-cell honeycomb is one of four regular star- honeycombs . With Schläfli symbol {3,5,5/2,5}, it has five icosahedral 120-cells around each face. It is dual to the great 120-cell honeycomb .
It can be constructed by replacing the great dodecahedral cells... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order-5_icosahedral_120-cell_honeycomb |
In order theory , a branch of mathematics , a linear extension of a partial order is a total order (or linear order) that is compatible with the partial order. As a classic example, the lexicographic order of totally ordered sets is a linear extension of their product order .
A partial order is a reflexive , transitiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order-extension_principle |
Order (subtitled A Journal on the Theory of Ordered Sets and its Applications ) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal on order theory and its applications, published by Springer Science+Business Media . It was established in 1984 by Ivan Rival ( University of Calgary ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] From 2010 to 2018, its editor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_(journal) |
Order in mathematics may refer to:
In logic, model theory and type theory: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_(mathematics) |
The OrderOne MANET Routing Protocol is an algorithm for computers communicating by digital radio in a mesh network to find each other, and send messages to each other along a reasonably efficient path. It was designed for, and promoted as working with wireless mesh networks .
OON's designers say it can handle thousand... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_One_Network_Protocol |
In physics , the terms order and disorder designate the presence or absence of some symmetry or correlation in a many-particle system. [ citation needed ]
In condensed matter physics , systems typically are ordered at low temperatures ; upon heating, they undergo one or several phase transitions into less ordered stat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_and_disorder |
In mathematics, specifically in order theory and functional analysis , a filter F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} in an order complete vector lattice X {\displaystyle X} is order convergent if it contains an order bounded subset (that is, a subset contained in an interval of the form [ a , b ] := { x ∈ X : a ≤ x and x ≤... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_convergence |
In mathematics , the dimension of a partially ordered set (poset) is the smallest number of total orders the intersection of which gives rise to the partial order.
This concept is also sometimes called the order dimension or the Dushnik–Miller dimension of the partial order. Dushnik & Miller (1941) first studied order ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_dimension |
In order theory , a branch of mathematics , an order embedding is a special kind of monotone function , which provides a way to include one partially ordered set into another. Like Galois connections , order embeddings constitute a notion which is strictly weaker than the concept of an order isomorphism . Both of these... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_embedding |
In the mathematical field of order theory , an order isomorphism is a special kind of monotone function that constitutes a suitable notion of isomorphism for partially ordered sets (posets). Whenever two posets are order isomorphic, they can be considered to be "essentially the same" in the sense that either of the ord... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_isomorphism |
In calculus , interchange of the order of integration is a methodology that transforms iterated integrals (or multiple integrals through the use of Fubini's theorem ) of functions into other, hopefully simpler, integrals by changing the order in which the integrations are performed. In some cases, the order of integra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_integration_(calculus) |
In quantum field theory , an order operator or an order field is a quantum field version of Landau's order parameter whose expectation value characterizes phase transitions . There exists a dual version of it, the disorder operator or disorder field , whose expectation value characterizes a phase transition by indicati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_operator |
The order polynomial is a polynomial studied in mathematics, in particular in algebraic graph theory and algebraic combinatorics . The order polynomial counts the number of order-preserving maps from a poset to a chain of length n {\displaystyle n} . These order-preserving maps were first introduced by Richard P. Stanl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_polynomial |
In mathematics, the order polytope of a finite partially ordered set is a convex polytope defined from the set. The points of the order polytope are the monotonic functions from the given set to the unit interval , its vertices correspond to the upper sets of the partial order, and its dimension is the number of elemen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_polytope |
In mathematics , an order topology is a specific topology that can be defined on any totally ordered set . It is a natural generalization of the topology of the real numbers to arbitrary totally ordered sets.
If X is a totally ordered set, the order topology on X is generated by the subbase of "open rays"
for all a,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_topology |
In mathematics, specifically in order theory and functional analysis , the order topology of an ordered vector space ( X , ≤ ) {\displaystyle (X,\leq )} is the finest locally convex topological vector space (TVS) topology on X {\displaystyle X} for which every order interval is bounded, where an order interval in X {\d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_topology_(functional_analysis) |
An order unit is an element of an ordered vector space which can be used to bound all elements from above. [ 1 ] In this way (as seen in the first example below) the order unit generalizes the unit element in the reals.
According to H. H. Schaefer , "most of the ordered vector spaces occurring in analysis do not have ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_unit |
The ordered exponential , also called the path-ordered exponential , is a mathematical operation defined in non-commutative algebras , equivalent to the exponential of the integral in the commutative algebras. In practice the ordered exponential is used in matrix and operator algebras. It is a kind of product integra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_exponential |
In mathematics , an ordered exponential field is an ordered field together with a function which generalises the idea of exponential functions on the ordered field of real numbers.
An exponential E {\textstyle E} on an ordered field K {\textstyle K} is a strictly increasing isomorphism of the additive group of K {\tex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_exponential_field |
Ordered geometry is a form of geometry featuring the concept of intermediacy (or "betweenness") but, like projective geometry , omitting the basic notion of measurement . Ordered geometry is a fundamental geometry forming a common framework for affine , Euclidean , absolute , and hyperbolic geometry (but not for proje... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_geometry |
In mathematics , an ordered pair , denoted ( a , b ), is a pair of objects in which their order is significant. The ordered pair ( a , b ) is different from the ordered pair ( b , a ), unless a = b . In contrast, the unordered pair , denoted { a , b }, always equals the unordered pair { b , a }.
Ordered pairs are als... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_pair |
In mathematical notation , ordered set operators indicate whether an object precedes or succeeds another. These relationship operators are denoted by the unicode symbols U+227A-F, along with symbols located unicode blocks U+228x through U+22Ex.
In Political science and Decision theory , order relations are typically u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_set_operators |
In mathematics, specifically in functional analysis and order theory , an ordered topological vector space , also called an ordered TVS , is a topological vector space (TVS) X that has a partial order ≤ making it into an ordered vector space whose positive cone C := { x ∈ X : x ≥ 0 } {\displaystyle C:=\left\{x\in X:x\g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_topological_vector_space |
Ordered Two-Template Relay ( OTTR ) is a library preparation technique used to improve quantitation of highly modified non-coding RNA (ncRNA) species, [ 1 ] which have been difficult to characterize using traditional cDNA sequencing approaches. OTTR leverages a retroelement reverse transcriptase (RT), termed BoMoC, wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_two-template_relay |
This page lists examples of the orders of magnitude of molar concentration . Source values are parenthesized where unit conversions were performed.
M denotes the non-SI unit molar : | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(molar_concentration) |
To help compare different orders of magnitude , the following list describes various speed levels between approximately 2.2 × 10 −18 m/s and 3.0 × 10 8 m/s (the speed of light ). Values in bold are exact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(speed) |
In proof theory , ordinal analysis assigns ordinals (often large countable ordinals ) to mathematical theories as a measure of their strength.
If theories have the same proof-theoretic ordinal they are often equiconsistent , and if one theory has a larger proof-theoretic ordinal than another it can often prove the con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_analysis |
Ordinal data is a categorical, statistical data type where the variables have natural, ordered categories and the distances between the categories are not known. [ 1 ] : 2 These data exist on an ordinal scale , one of four levels of measurement described by S. S. Stevens in 1946. The ordinal scale is distinguished from... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_data |
In mathematics , ordinal logic is a logic associated with an ordinal number by recursively adding elements to a sequence of previous logics. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The concept was introduced in 1938 by Alan Turing in his PhD dissertation at Princeton in view of Gödel's incompleteness theorems . [ 3 ] [ 1 ]
While Gödel showed tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_logic |
In mathematical logic and set theory , an ordinal notation is a partial function mapping the set of all finite sequences of symbols, themselves members of a finite alphabet, to a countable set of ordinals . A Gödel numbering is a function mapping the set of well-formed formulae (a finite sequence of symbols on which th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_notation |
In human developmental psychology or non-human primate experiments , ordinal numerical competence or ordinal numerical knowledge is the ability to count objects in order and to understand the greater than and less than relationships between numbers. It has been shown that children as young as two can make some ordinal ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_numerical_competence |
All definitions tacitly require the homogeneous relation R {\displaystyle R} be transitive : for all a , b , c , {\displaystyle a,b,c,} if a R b {\displaystyle aRb} and b R c {\displaystyle bRc} then a R c . {\displaystyle aRc.} A term's definition may require additional properties that are not listed in this table.
I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_sum |
In mathematics , an ordinary differential equation ( ODE ) is a differential equation (DE) dependent on only a single independent variable . As with any other DE, its unknown(s) consists of one (or more) function (s) and involves the derivatives of those functions. [ 1 ] The term "ordinary" is used in contrast with par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_differential_equation |
Ore's theorem is a result in graph theory proved in 1960 by Norwegian mathematician Øystein Ore . It gives a sufficient condition for a graph to be Hamiltonian , essentially stating that a graph with sufficiently many edges must contain a Hamilton cycle . Specifically, the theorem considers the sum of the degrees of pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore's_theorem |
In computer algebra , an Ore algebra is a special kind of iterated Ore extension that can be used to represent linear functional operators, including linear differential and/or recurrence operators. [ 1 ] The concept is named after Øystein Ore .
Let K {\displaystyle K} be a (commutative) field and A = K [ x 1 , … , x ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore_algebra |
An ore dock is a large structure used for loading ore (typically from railway cars or ore jennies ) onto ships, which then carry the ore to steelworks or to transshipment points. Most known ore docks were constructed near iron mines on the upper Great Lakes and served the lower Great Lakes. Ore docks still in existence... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore_dock |
Various theories of ore genesis explain how the various types of mineral deposits form within Earth's crust . Ore-genesis theories vary depending on the mineral or commodity examined.
Ore-genesis theories generally involve three components: source, transport or conduit, and trap. (This also applies to the petroleum in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore_genesis |
Oregrounds iron was a grade of iron that was regarded as the best grade available in 18th century England . The term was derived from the small Swedish city of Öregrund , the port from which the bar iron was shipped. It was produced using the Walloon process .
Oregrounds iron is the equivalent of the Swedish vallonj... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregrounds_iron |
Orgalim (derived originally from the French Organisme de Liaison des Industries Métalliques Européennes ) is a European trade association represents Europe’s engineering and technology industries. It represent over 35 trade associations from 28 European countries that have over 770,000 member companies between them.
O... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgalim |
An organ-on-a-chip ( OOC ) is a multi-channel 3D microfluidic cell culture , integrated circuit (chip) that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of an entire organ or an organ system . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ-on-a-chip |
In a multicellular organism , an organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function. [ 1 ] In the hierarchy of life , an organ lies between tissue and an organ system . Tissues are formed from same type cells to act together in a function. Tissues of different types combine to form ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_(biology) |
Organ culture is the cultivation of either whole organs or parts of organs in vitro . [ 1 ] It is a development from tissue culture methods of research, as the use of the actual in vitro organ itself allows for more accurate modelling of the functions of an organ in various states and conditions. [ 2 ]
A key objective... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_culture |
Organ futures is the short term used in academic proposals for futures contracts on organs from human cadavers . They are not legal anywhere at this time.
Organ futures would be used as an economic means to encourage organ donation by compensating transplant organ donors . Financial futures contracts are essentially ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_futures |
Organ printing utilizes techniques similar to conventional 3D printing where a computer model is fed into a printer that lays down successive layers of plastics or wax until a 3D object is produced. [ 1 ] In the case of organ printing, the material being used by the printer is a biocompatible plastic. [ 1 ] The biocomp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_printing |
An organ system is a biological system consisting of a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. [ 1 ] Each organ has a specialized role in an organism body, and is made up of distinct tissues .
There are 11 distinct organ systems in human beings, [ 2 ] which form the basis of human anatomy ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_system |
Organelle biogenesis is the biogenesis , or creation, of cellular organelles in cells . Organelle biogenesis includes the process by which cellular organelles are split between daughter cells during mitosis ; this process is called organelle inheritance. [ 1 ]
Following the discovery of cellular organelles in the nine... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organelle_biogenesis |
Organic Geochemistry is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier covering research on all aspects of organic geochemistry . It is an official journal of the European Association of Organic Geochemists . The editors-in-chief are Bart van Dongen ( University of Manchester ), Elizabeth Minor ( Univ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_Geochemistry |
Organic Letters is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in organic chemistry . It was established in 1999 and is published by the American Chemical Society . In 2014, the journal moved to a hybrid open access publishing model. The founding editor-in-chief was Amos Smith . The current editor-in-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_Letters |
Organic Preparations and Procedures International is a bimonthly scientific journal focusing on organic chemists engaged in synthesis. Topics include original preparative chemistry in association with the synthesis of organic and organometallic compounds.
This article about a chemistry journal is a stub . You can help... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_Preparations_and_Procedures_International |
Organic Reactions is a peer-reviewed book series that was established in 1942. It publishes detailed descriptions of useful organic reactions . Each article (called a chapter) is an invited review of the primary source material for the given reaction, and is written under tight editorial control, making it a secondary ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_Reactions |
Organic Syntheses is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1921. It publishes detailed and checked procedures for the synthesis of organic compounds . A unique feature of the review process is that all of the data and experiments reported in an article must be successfully repeated in the laborator... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_Syntheses |
An organic acid anhydride is an acid anhydride that is also an organic compound . An acid anhydride is a compound that has two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom. [ 1 ] A common type of organic acid anhydride is a carboxylic anhydride , where the parent acid is a carboxylic acid , the formula of the anhydride b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_acid_anhydride |
An organic azide is an organic compound that contains an azide (– N 3 ) functional group . [ 1 ] Because of the hazards associated with their use, few azides are used commercially although they exhibit interesting reactivity for researchers. Low molecular weight azides are considered especially hazardous and are avoide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_azide |
Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials , i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms . [ 1 ] Study of structure determines their structural formula . Study of properties i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistry |
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond ; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. For example, carbon-containing compounds such as alkanes (e.g. methane CH 4 ) and its derivatives are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compound |
Organic engineering systems ( OES ) are organic, hydroponic , aeroponic or aquaponic farming technologies that are designed as a building engineering system. The main purpose of these technologies is to grow food in buildings. OES are agricultural technologies and are considered a sub-section of ecological engineerin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_engineering_systems |
The effect of organic farming has been a subject of interest for researchers. Theory suggests that organic farming practices, which exclude the use of most synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, may be beneficial for biodiversity. This is generally shown to be true for soils scaled to the area of cultivated land, where ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_farming_and_biodiversity |
An organic field-effect transistor ( OFET ) is a field-effect transistor using an organic semiconductor in its channel. OFETs can be prepared either by vacuum evaporation of small molecules, by solution-casting of polymers or small molecules, or by mechanical transfer of a peeled single-crystalline organic layer onto a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_field-effect_transistor |
Organic geochemistry is the study of the impacts and processes that organisms have had on the Earth. It is mainly concerned with the composition and mode of origin of organic matter in rocks and in bodies of water. [ 1 ] The study of organic geochemistry is traced to the work of Alfred E. Treibs , "the father of organi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_geochemistry |
An organic light-emitting transistor ( OLET ) is a form of transistor that emits light. These transistors have potential for digital displays and on-chip optical interconnects . [ 1 ] OLET is a new light-emission concept, providing planar light sources that can be easily integrated in substrates like silicon, glass, an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_light-emitting_transistor |
Organic matter , organic material or natural organic matter is the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. It is matter composed of organic compounds that have come from the feces and remains of organisms such as plants and animals . [ 1 ] Organ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_matter |
Organic molecular cages represent a unique class of porous materials characterized by their discrete molecular nature and well-defined internal cavities, formed through covalent bonds between precisely designed organic building blocks. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These molecular structures contain organized frameworks surrounding a ce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_molecular_cages |
The Chinese Chemical Society [ a ] (CCS; simplified Chinese : 中国化学会 ; traditional Chinese : 中國化學會 ) lays out a set of rules based on those given by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) for the purpose of systematic organic nomenclature in Chinese. The chemical names derived from these rules are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_nomenclature_in_Chinese |
In organic chemistry , organic peroxides are organic compounds containing the peroxide functional group ( R−O−O−R′ ). If the R′ is hydrogen , the compounds are called hydroperoxides , which are discussed in that article. The O−O bond of peroxides easily breaks, producing free radicals of the form RO • (the dot represen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_peroxides |
Organic photochemistry encompasses organic reactions that are induced by the action of light. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The absorption of ultraviolet light by organic molecules often leads to reactions. In the earliest days, sunlight was employed, while in more modern times ultraviolet lamps are employed. Organic photochemistry has ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_photochemistry |
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions , elimination reactions , substitution reactions , pericyclic reactions , rearrangement reactions , photochemical reactions and redox reactions . In organic synthesi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_reaction |
Organic reductions or organic oxidations or organic redox reactions are redox reactions that take place with organic compounds . In organic chemistry oxidations and reductions are different from ordinary redox reactions, because many reactions carry the name but do not actually involve electron transfer . [ 1 ] Instead... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_redox_reaction |
Organic selenocyanates are organoselenium compounds with the general formula RSeCN. They are generally colorless, air-stable solids or liquids with repulsive odors. In terms of structure, synthesis, and reactivity, selenocyanates and thiocyanates behave similarly.
Alkyl selenocyanates are generally prepared by treatm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_selenocyanates |
Organic semiconductors are solids whose building blocks are pi-bonded molecules or polymers made up by carbon and hydrogen atoms and – at times – heteroatoms such as nitrogen , sulfur and oxygen . They exist in the form of molecular crystals or amorphous thin films . In general, they are electrical insulators , but bec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_semiconductor |
In organic chemistry , a sulfide ( British English sulphide ) or thioether is an organosulfur functional group with the connectivity R−S−R' as shown on right. Like many other sulfur-containing compounds, volatile sulfides have foul odors. [ 1 ] A sulfide is similar to an ether except that it contains a sulfur atom in p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_sulfide |
An organic superconductor is a synthetic organic compound that exhibits superconductivity at low temperatures.
As of 2007 the highest achieved critical temperature for an organic superconductor at standard pressure is 33 K (−240 °C; −400 °F), observed in the alkali-doped fullerene RbCs 2 C 60 . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
In 1979 Kl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_superconductor |
Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds . Organic compounds are molecules consisting of combinations of covalently-linked hydrogen , carbon , oxygen , and nitrogen atoms. Within the general subject of organic synthesis, there are many different types of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_synthesis |
Organic thiocyanates are organic compounds containing the functional group RSCN. the organic group is attached to sulfur: R−S−C≡N has a S–C single bond and a C≡N triple bond. [ 1 ]
Organic thiocyanates are valued building blocks. They allow to access efficiently various sulfur containing functional groups and scaffold... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_thiocyanates |
A light organ, or photophore , is a specialized anatomical structure found in a variety of organisms that emits light through the process of boluminescence . This light may be produced endogenously by the organism itself (symbiotic) or generated through a mutualistic relationship with bioluminescent bacteria (non-symbi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismal_light_organs |
Organismal performance (or whole-organism performance) refers to the ability of an organism to conduct a task when maximally motivated . [ 1 ] Various aspects of performance are of primary concern in human athletics , horse racing , and dog racing . Performance in swimming tasks has been a subject of fisheries researc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismal_performance |
Organisms can live at high altitude , either on land, in water, or while flying. Decreased oxygen availability and decreased temperature make life at such altitudes challenging, though many species have been successfully adapted via considerable physiological changes. As opposed to short-term acclimatisation (immediat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisms_at_high_altitude |
Most organisms involved in water purification originate from the waste, wastewater or water stream itself or arrive as resting spore of some form from the atmosphere. In a very few cases, mostly associated with constructed wetlands , specific organisms are planted to maximise the efficiency of the process.
Biota are a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisms_involved_in_water_purification |
Organix Inc is a US fine chemicals company specialising in chemical synthesis of analytical standards and custom synthesis of finished compounds and intermediates. [ citation needed ]
Organix carries out research and development of novel molecules used in a variety of pharmaceutical research applications. Some notable... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organix_Inc |
The organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes are fundamental processes that enable the adaptive immune system to produce a vast repertoire of antibodies, essential for recognizing and neutralizing diverse antigens .
Antibody (or immunoglobulin) quaternary structure is made up of two heavy-chains and two lig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_and_expression_of_immunoglobulin_genes |
Organization for Bat Conservation (OBC) was a national environmental education nonprofit based in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan , established to educate and inspire people to save bats. It was the largest grassroots bat conservation organization in the United States. [ 1 ] In February 2018, it was announced that the organ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Bat_Conservation |
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