text
stringlengths
11
320k
source
stringlengths
26
161
Modelling of a transmission line is done to analyse its performance and characteristics. The gathered information vis simulating the model can be used to reduce losses or to compensate these losses. Moreover, it gives more insight into the working of transmission lines and helps to find a way to improve the overall tra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_and_modelling_of_AC_transmission
A performance gap is a disparity that is found between the energy use predicted and carbon emissions in the design stage of buildings and the energy use of those buildings in operation. Research in the UK suggests that actual carbon emissions from new homes can be 2.5 times the design estimates, on average. [ 1 ] For n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_gap
Performance rating is the step in the work measurement in which the analyst observes the worker's performance and records a value representing that performance relative to the analyst's concept of standard performance. [ 1 ] Performance rating helps people do their jobs better, identifies training and education needs,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_rating_(work_measurement)
Performativity is the concept that language can function as a form of social action and have the effect of change. [ 1 ] The concept has multiple applications in diverse fields such as anthropology , social and cultural geography , economics , gender studies ( social construction of gender ), law , linguistics , perfor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performativity
Pericentriolar material (PCM, sometimes also called pericent matrix) is a highly structured, [ 1 ] dense mass of protein which makes up the part of the animal centrosome that surrounds the two centrioles . The PCM contains proteins responsible for microtubule nucleation and anchoring [ 2 ] including γ-tubulin , pericen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericentriolar_material
Pericline is a form of albite exhibiting elongate prismatic crystals. [ 1 ] Pericline twinning is a type of crystal twinning which show fine parallel twin laminae typically found in the alkali feldspars microcline . [ 2 ] The twinning results from a structural transformation between high temperature and low temperatur...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericline
In organic chemistry , a pericyclic reaction is the type of organic reaction wherein the transition state of the molecule has a cyclic geometry, the reaction progresses in a concerted fashion, and the bond orbitals involved in the reaction overlap in a continuous cycle at the transition state. Pericyclic reactions stan...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericyclic_reaction
The peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex ( PCP or PerCP ) is a soluble molecular complex consisting of the peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein bound to peridinin , chlorophyll , and lipids . The peridinin molecules absorb light in the blue-green wavelengths (470 to 550 nm) and transfer energy to the chlorophyll molecules ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peridinin-chlorophyll-protein_complex
Peridynamics is a non-local formulation of continuum mechanics that is oriented toward deformations with discontinuities, especially fractures . Originally, bond-based peridynamic was introduced, [ 1 ] wherein, internal interaction forces between a material point and all the other ones with which it can interact, are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peridynamics
The perifocal coordinate ( PQW ) system is a frame of reference for an orbit . The frame is centered at the focus of the orbit, i.e. the celestial body about which the orbit is centered. The unit vectors p ^ {\displaystyle \mathbf {\hat {p}} } and q ^ {\displaystyle \mathbf {\hat {q}} } lie in the plane of the orbit. p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perifocal_coordinate_system
5346 103968 ENSG00000166819 ENSMUSG00000030546 O60240 Q8CGN5 NM_001145311 NM_002666 NM_001113471 NM_175640 NP_001138783 NP_002657 NP_001106942 NP_783571 Perilipin , also known as lipid droplet-associated protein , perilipin 1 , or PLIN , is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PLIN gene . [ 5 ] The pe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perilipin-1
Perindopril is a medication used to treat high blood pressure , heart failure , or stable coronary artery disease . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] As a long-acting ACE inhibitor , perindopril works by inhibiting production of the vasoconstriction hormone , angiotensin , thereby relaxing blood vessels , increasing urine output, and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perindopril
In pathology , perineural invasion , abbreviated PNI , refers to the invasion of cancer to the space surrounding a nerve . It is common in head and neck cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer. Unlike perineural spread (PNS), which is defined as gross tumor spread along a larger, typically named nerve that is at...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perineural_invasion
In mathematics, specifically algebraic geometry , a period or algebraic period [ 1 ] is a complex number that can be expressed as an integral of an algebraic function over an algebraic domain . The periods are a class of numbers which includes, alongside the algebraic numbers, many well known mathematical constants suc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(algebraic_geometry)
A period on the periodic table is a row of chemical elements . All elements in a row have the same number of electron shells . Each next element in a period has one more proton and is less metallic than its predecessor. Arranged this way, elements in the same group (column) have similar chemical and physical properties...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)
The per­iodato­nickelates are a series of anions and salts of nickel complexed to the periodate anion. The most important of these salts are the di­periodato­nickelates , in which nickel exhibits the +4 oxidation state : these are powerful oxidising agents , capable of oxidising bromate to perbromate . The first per­i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodatonickelates
Periodic acid–Schiff ( PAS ) is a staining method used to detect polysaccharides (such as glycogen ) and mucosubstances (such as glycoproteins , glycolipids and mucins) in tissues. The reaction of periodic acid oxidizes vicinal diols in these sugars , usually breaking up the bond between two adjacent carbons not involv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_acid–Schiff_stain
Periodic boundary conditions ( PBCs ) are a set of boundary conditions which are often chosen for approximating a large (infinite) system by using a small part called a unit cell . PBCs are often used in computer simulations and mathematical models . The topology of two-dimensional PBC is equal to that of a world map o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_boundary_conditions
In mathematics , an infinite periodic continued fraction is a simple continued fraction that can be placed in the form where the initial block [ a 0 ; a 1 , … , a k ] {\displaystyle [a_{0};a_{1},\dots ,a_{k}]} of k +1 partial denominators is followed by a block [ a k + 1 , a k + 2 , … , a k + m ] {\displaystyle [a_{k+...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_continued_fraction
Periodic counter-current chromatography ( PCC ) is a method for running affinity chromatography in a quasi-continuous manner. Today, the process is mainly employed for the purification of antibodies in the biopharmaceutical industry [ 1 ] as well as in research and development. When purifying antibodies, protein A is u...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_counter-current_chromatography
A periodic function , also called a periodic waveform (or simply periodic wave ), is a function that repeats its values at regular intervals or periods . The repeatable part of the function or waveform is called a cycle . [ 1 ] For example, the trigonometric functions , which repeat at intervals of 2 π {\displaystyle 2...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_function
In crystallography , a periodic graph or crystal net is a three-dimensional periodic graph , i.e., a three-dimensional Euclidean graph whose vertices or nodes are points in three-dimensional Euclidean space , and whose edges (or bonds or spacers) are line segments connecting pairs of vertices, periodic in three linearl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_graph_(crystallography)
Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges are a type of EEG abnormality. They are one of the most frequent paroxystic complexes. [ 1 ] They are basically triphasic with sharply contoured wave followed by a slow wave mostly occurring unilaterally with duration 100-300 msec and amplitude 100-300 often present with fas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_lateralized_epileptiform_discharges
Periodic short-interval diffuse discharges are a type of EEG abnormality with periodicity less than 4.0 seconds. [ 1 ] They can consist of sharp waves or spikes, spike and wave, polyspikes or triphasics with background attenuation in between transients. [ 1 ] This article about a medical condition affecting the nervou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_short-interval_diffuse_discharges
Periodic systems of molecules are charts of molecules similar to the periodic table of the elements. Construction of such charts was initiated in the early 20th century and is still ongoing. It is commonly believed that the periodic law , represented by the periodic chart, is echoed in the behavior of molecules , at l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_systems_of_small_molecules
This articles gives the crystalline structures of the elements of the periodic table which have been produced in bulk at STP and at their melting point (while still solid ) and predictions of the crystalline structures of the rest of the elements. The following table gives the crystalline structure of the most thermod...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_(crystal_structure)
See list of sources at Electron configurations of the elements (data page) .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_(electron_configurations)
The periodic table of topological insulators and topological superconductors , also called tenfold classification of topological insulators and superconductors , is an application of topology to condensed matter physics . It indicates the mathematical group for the topological invariant of the topological insulators an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_of_topological_insulators_and_topological_superconductors
In chemistry , periodic trends are specific patterns present in the periodic table that illustrate different aspects of certain elements when grouped by period and/or group . They were discovered by the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1863. Major periodic trends include atomic radius , ionization energy , electron ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_trends
Eclipses may occur repeatedly, separated by certain intervals of time: these intervals are called eclipse cycles . [ 1 ] The series of eclipses separated by a repeat of one of these intervals is called an eclipse series . Eclipses may occur when Earth and the Moon are aligned with the Sun , and the shadow of one body ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodicity_of_solar_eclipses
Periodinanes also known as λ 5 - iodanes are organoiodine compounds with iodine in the +5 oxidation state. These compounds are described as hypervalent because the iodine center has more than 8 valence electrons . The λ 5 -iodanes such as the Dess-Martin periodinane have square pyramidal geometry with 4 heteroatoms in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodinane
A Peripheral Interface Adapter (PIA) is a peripheral integrated circuit providing parallel I/O interfacing for microprocessor systems. Common PIAs include the Motorola MC6820 and MC6821, and the MOS Technology MCS6520, all of which are functionally identical but have slightly different electrical characteristics. The...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_Interface_Adapter
In computing, a peripheral bus is a computer bus designed to support computer peripherals like printers and hard drives . The term is generally used to refer to systems that offer support for a wide variety of devices, like Universal Serial Bus , as opposed to those that are dedicated to specific types of hardware. Ser...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_bus
The peripheral nervous system ( PNS ) is one of two components that make up the nervous system of bilateral animals , with the other part being the central nervous system (CNS). The PNS consists of nerves and ganglia , which lie outside the brain and the spinal cord . [ 1 ] The main function of the PNS is to connect th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system
Peripheral node addressin , often referred to as PNAd , are glycoprotein ligands . [ 1 ] More formally, the term includes "lymph" to specify the node: peripheral lymph node addressin. [ 2 ] PNAd is a critical component of the immune system, enabling the targeted migration of lymphocytes to the lymph nodes and facilita...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_node_addressin
In immunology , peripheral tolerance is the second branch of immunological tolerance , after central tolerance . It takes place in the immune periphery (after T and B cells egress from primary lymphoid organs ). Its main purpose is to ensure that self-reactive T and B cells which escaped central tolerance do not cause...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_tolerance
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis (PUK) is a group of destructive inflammatory diseases involving the peripheral cornea in human eyes. [ 1 ] The symptoms of PUK include pain , redness of the eyeball, photophobia , and decreased vision accompanied by distinctive signs of crescent-shaped damage of the cornea. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_ulcerative_keratitis
The peripheral vision horizon display, also called PVHD or the Malcolm Horizon (after inventor Dr. Richard Malcolm), is an aircraft cockpit instrument which assists pilots in maintaining proper attitude . The PVHD was developed in the mid-1970s and manufactured in the early 1980s as a cockpit instrument to assist the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_vision_horizon_display
Peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonists ( PAMORAs ) are a class of chemical compounds that are used to reverse adverse effects caused by opioids interacting with receptors outside the central nervous system (CNS), mainly those located in the gastrointestinal tract . PAMORAs are designed to specifically inhibi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripherally_acting_μ-opioid_receptor_antagonist
Periphyton is a complex mixture of algae , cyanobacteria , heterotrophic microbes , and detritus that is attached to submerged surfaces in most aquatic ecosystems . The related term Aufwuchs ( German "surface growth" or "overgrowth", pronounced [ˈaʊ̯fˌvuːks] ⓘ ) refers to the collection of small animals and plants that...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periphyton
Peripolar cells are specialized epithelial cells . Peripolar cells are located within Bowman's capsule at its vascular pole . These cells were discovered at the vascular pole of the sheep glomerulus . The cells contain numerous cytoplasmic granules . The granules in peripolar cells are secretory, and the cells show fea...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripolar_cell
Peripolesis is the process in which a cell attaches itself to another cell. This is differentiated from emperipolesis , which is when one cell is engulfed by another. Peripolesis is thought to be a physiological mechanism involved in regulating some processes of immune response . It was observed between lymphocytes an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripolesis
Peritoneal washing is a procedure used to look for malignant cells , i.e. cancer , in the peritoneum . Peritoneal washes are routinely done to stage abdominal and pelvic tumours, [ 1 ] e.g. ovarian cancer .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneal_washing
The peritrich nuclear code (translation table 30) is a genetic code used by the nuclear genome of the peritrich ciliates Vorticella and Opisthonecta . [ 1 ] Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U). Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritrich_nuclear_code
The perivitelline space is the space between the zona pellucida and the cell membrane of an oocyte or fertilized ovum . [ 1 ] In the slow block to polyspermy , the cortical granules released from the ovum are deposited in the perivitelline space. Polysaccharides released in the granules cause the space to swell, pushin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perivitelline_space
The Perkin Medal is an award given annually by the Society of Chemical Industry (American Section) to a scientist residing in America for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development." It is considered the highest honor given in the US chemical industry. The Perkin Medal was firs...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkin_Medal
The Perkin reaction is an organic reaction developed by English chemist William Henry Perkin in 1868 that is used to make cinnamic acids . It gives an α,β-unsaturated aromatic acid or α-substituted β-aryl acrylic acid by the aldol condensation of an aromatic aldehyde and an acid anhydride , in the presence of an alkal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkin_reaction
The Perkin rearrangement ( coumarin–benzofuran ring contraction ) is a rearrangement reaction in which a 2-halo coumarin in the presence of hydroxide undergoes a ring contraction to form a benzofuran . The name reaction recognizes William Henry Perkin , who first reported it in 1870. Several proposals have been made fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkin_rearrangement
A Perkin triangle is a specialized apparatus for the distillation of air-sensitive materials. Some compounds have high boiling points and are sensitive to air. A simple vacuum distillation system can be used, whereby the vacuum is replaced with an inert gas after the distillation is complete. However, this is a less s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkin_triangle
The Perkow reaction is an organic reaction in which a trialkyl phosphite ester reacts with a haloketone to form a dialkyl vinyl phosphate and an alkyl halide . [1] In the related Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction the same reactants are known to form a beta-keto phosphonate which is an important reagent in the Horner–Wadswort...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkow_reaction
PerlMonks is a community website covering all aspects of Perl programming and other related topics such as web applications and system administration . It is often referred to by users as 'The Monastery '. [ 1 ] The name PerlMonks, and the general style of the website, is designed to both humorously reflect the almost ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PerlMonks
Permalloy ( / p ɜːr m . ʌ . l ɔɪ / [ 1 ] ) is a nickel – iron magnetic alloy , with about 80% nickel and 20% iron content. Invented in 1914 by physicist Gustav Elmen at Bell Telephone Laboratories , [ 2 ] it is notable for its very high magnetic permeability , which makes it useful as a magnetic core material in elec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalloy
In linear algebra , the permanent of a square matrix is a function of the matrix similar to the determinant . The permanent, as well as the determinant, is a polynomial in the entries of the matrix. [ 1 ] Both are special cases of a more general function of a matrix called the immanant . The permanent of an n × n matr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_(mathematics)
The permanent adjustments of theodolites are made to establish fixed relationship between the instrument's fundamental lines. The fundamental lines or axis of a transit theodolite include the following:- These adjustments once made last for a long time. These are important for accuracy of observations taken from the i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_adjustments_of_theodolites
A permanent downhole gauge ( PDG ) is a pressure and/or temperature gauge permanently installed in an oil or gas well . [ 1 ] These gauges are typically installed in the tubing in the well and can measure the tubing pressure, annulus pressure, or both. Systems installed in well casing to read formation pressure directl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_downhole_gauge
Permanent vegetative cover refers to trees, perennial bunchgrasses and grasslands , legumes , and shrubs with an expected life span of at least 5 years. In the United States, permanent cover is required on cropland entered into the Conservation Reserve Program . This article about environmental habitats is a stub . Y...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_vegetative_cover
Permanent wilting point ( PWP ) or wilting point ( WP ) is defined as the minimum amount of water in the soil that the plant requires not to wilt . If the soil water content decreases to this or any lower point a plant wilts and can no longer recover its turgidity when placed in a saturated atmosphere for 12 hours. The...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_wilting_point
The permanganate index is an assessment of water quality . It involves the detection of oxidation by potassium permanganate in an acid medium under hot conditions. The method is to heat a sample in a boiling water-bath with a known amount of potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid for a fixed period time (10 min). Pa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganate_index
Permanganometry is one of the techniques used in chemical quantitative analysis. It is a redox titration that involves the use of permanganates to measure the amount of analyte present in unknown chemical samples. [ 1 ] It involves two steps, namely the titration of the analyte with potassium permanganate solution and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganometry
In electromagnetism , permeability is the measure of magnetization produced in a material in response to an applied magnetic field . Permeability is typically represented by the (italicized) Greek letter μ . It is the ratio of the magnetic induction B {\displaystyle B} to the magnetizing field H {\displaystyle H} in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeability_(electromagnetism)
Permeability is a property of foundry sand with respect to how well the sand can vent, i.e. how well gases pass through the sand. And in other words, permeability is the property by which we can know the ability of material to transmit fluid/gases. The permeability is commonly tested to see if it is correct for the cas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeability_(foundry_sand)
In fluid mechanics , materials science and Earth sciences , the permeability of porous media (often, a rock or soil ) is a measure of the ability for fluids (gas or liquid) to flow through the media; it is commonly symbolized as k . Fluids can more easily flow through a material with high permeability than one with low...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeability_(porous_media)
Permeable paving surfaces are made of either a porous material that enables stormwater to flow through it or nonporous blocks spaced so that water can flow between the gaps. Permeable paving can also include a variety of surfacing techniques for roads, parking lots, and pedestrian walkways. Permeable pavement surfaces ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeable_paving
The permeameter is an instrument for rapidly measuring the electromagnetic permeability of samples of iron or steel with sufficient accuracy for many commercial purposes. The name was first applied by Silvanus P. Thompson to an apparatus devised by himself in 1890, which indicates the mechanical force required to detac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeameter
Permeance , in general, is the degree to which a material admits a flow of matter or energy . Permeance is usually represented by a curly capital P: P . In electromagnetism , permeance is the inverse of reluctance . In a magnetic circuit, permeance is a measure of the quantity of magnetic flux for a number of current-...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeance
In physics and engineering , permeation (also called imbuing ) is the penetration of a permeate (a fluid such as a liquid , gas , or vapor ) through a solid. It is directly related to the concentration gradient of the permeate, a material's intrinsic permeability , and the materials' mass diffusivity . [ 1 ] Permeation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeation
Permethrin is a medication and an insecticide . [ 6 ] [ 7 ] As a medication, it is used to treat scabies and lice . [ 8 ] It is applied to the skin as a cream or lotion. [ 6 ] As an insecticide, it can be sprayed onto outer clothing or mosquito nets to kill the insects that touch them. [ 7 ] [ 9 ] Side effects include...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permethrin
The permissible exposure limit ( PEL or OSHA PEL ) is a legal limit in the United States for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agents such as high level noise. Permissible exposure limits were established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Most of OSHA's PELs were is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permissible_exposure_limit
Permissible stress design is a design philosophy used by mechanical engineers and civil engineers . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The civil designer ensures that the stresses developed in a structure due to service loads do not exceed the elastic limit . This limit is usually determined by ensuring that stresses remain within the limit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permissible_stress_design
In endocrinology , permissiveness is a biochemical phenomenon in which the presence of one hormone is required in order for another hormone to exert its full effects on a target cell. Hormones can interact in permissive, synergistic, or antagonistic ways. The chemical classes of hormones include amines , polypeptides ,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permissiveness_(endocrinology)
In electromagnetism , the absolute permittivity , often simply called permittivity and denoted by the Greek letter ε ( epsilon ), is a measure of the electric polarizability of a dielectric material. A material with high permittivity polarizes more in response to an applied electric field than a material with low permi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permittivity
Permutation codes are a family of error correction codes that were introduced first by Slepian in 1965. [ 1 ] and have been widely studied both in Combinatorics [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and Information theory due to their applications related to Flash memory [ 4 ] and Power-line communication . [ 5 ] A permutation code C {\display...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation_code
In mathematics , a permutation polynomial (for a given ring ) is a polynomial that acts as a permutation of the elements of the ring, i.e. the map x ↦ g ( x ) {\displaystyle x\mapsto g(x)} is a bijection . In case the ring is a finite field , the Dickson polynomials , which are closely related to the Chebyshev polynom...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation_polynomial
Permutational multivariate analysis of variance ( PERMANOVA ), [ 1 ] is a non-parametric multivariate statistical permutation test . PERMANOVA is used to compare groups of objects and test the null hypothesis that the centroids and dispersion of the groups as defined by measure space are equivalent for all groups. A re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutational_analysis_of_variance
Permutationally invariant quantum state tomography (PI quantum state tomography) is a method for the partial determination of the state of a quantum system consisting of many subsystems. In general, the number of parameters needed to describe the quantum mechanical state of a system consisting of N {\displaystyle N} s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutationally_invariant_quantum_state_tomography
Permute (and Shuffle) instructions, part of bit manipulation as well as vector processing , copy unaltered contents from a source array to a destination array, where the indices are specified by a second source array. [ 1 ] The size (bitwidth) of the source elements is not restricted but remains the same as the destina...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permute_instruction
A permuted congruential generator ( PCG ) is a pseudorandom number generation algorithm developed in 2014 by Dr. M.E. O'Neill which applies an output permutation function to improve the statistical properties of a modulo-2 n linear congruential generator (LCG). It achieves excellent statistical performance [ 1 ] [ 2 ]...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permuted_congruential_generator
A perovskite is a crystalline material of formula ABX 3 with a crystal structure similar to that of the mineral perovskite , this latter consisting of calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO 3 ). [ 2 ] The mineral was first discovered in the Ural mountains of Russia by Gustav Rose in 1839 and named after Russian mineralogist L. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_(structure)
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are candidates for display and lighting technologies. Researchers have shown interest in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) owing to their capacity for emitting light with narrow bandwidth , adjustable spectrum , ability to deliver high color purity, and solution fabrica...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_light-emitting_diode
Perovskite nanocrystals are a class of semiconductor nanocrystals, which exhibit unique characteristics that separate them from traditional quantum dots . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Perovskite nanocrystals have an ABX 3 composition where A = cesium , methylammonium (MA), or formamidinium (FA); B = lead or tin ; and X = ch...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_nanocrystal
Peroxide fusion is used to prepare samples for inductively coupled plasma (ICP), atomic absorption (AA) analysis and wet chemistry . Sodium peroxide (Na 2 O 2 ) is used to oxidize the sample that becomes soluble in a diluted acid solution. This method allows complete dissolution of numerous refractory compounds like ch...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxide_fusion
The peroxide process is a method for the industrial production of hydrazine . In this process hydrogen peroxide is used as an oxidant instead of sodium hypochlorite , which is traditionally used to generate hydrazine. The main advantage of the peroxide process to hydrazine relative to the traditional Olin Raschig proc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxide_process
Detection of peroxide gives the initial evidence of rancidity in unsaturated fats and oils. Other methods are available, but peroxide value is the most widely used. It gives a measure of the extent to which an oil sample has undergone primary oxidation; extent of secondary oxidation may be determined from p-anisidine t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxide_value
Peroxins (or peroxisomal/peroxisome biogenesis factors ) represent several protein families found in peroxisomes . [ 1 ] Deficiencies are associated with several peroxisomal disorders . Peroxins serve several functions including the recognition of cytoplasmic proteins that contain peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS) th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxin
Peroxin-7 is a receptor associated with Refsum's disease and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 1. This biochemistry article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxin-7
In biochemical protein targeting , a peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) is a region of the peroxisomal protein that receptors recognize and bind to. It is responsible for specifying that proteins containing this motif are localised to the peroxisome. [ 1 ] All peroxisomal proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisomal_targeting_signal
A peroxisome ( / p ə ˈ r ɒ k s ɪ ˌ s oʊ m / ) is a membrane-bound organelle , a type of microbody , found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Peroxisomes are oxidative organelles. Frequently, molecular oxygen serves as a co-substrate, from which hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is then formed. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome
Peroxyacetyl nitrate is a peroxyacyl nitrate . It is a secondary pollutant present in photochemical smog . [ 1 ] It is thermally unstable and decomposes into peroxyethanoyl radicals and nitrogen dioxide gas. [ 2 ] It is a lachrymatory substance, meaning that it irritates the lungs and eyes. [ 3 ] Peroxyacetyl nitrate...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxyacetyl_nitrate
In chemistry , peroxycarbonate (sometimes peroxocarbonate , IUPAC name: oxocarbonate or oxidocarbonate ) or percarbonate is a divalent anion with formula CO 2− 4 . It is an oxocarbon anion that consists solely of carbon and oxygen . It is the anion of peroxycarbonic acid [ 1 ] [ 2 ] also called hydroperoxyformic acid ,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxycarbonate
In chemistry , peroxydicarbonate (sometimes peroxodicarbonate ) is a divalent anion with the chemical formula C 2 O 2− 6 . It is one of the oxocarbon anions , which consist solely of carbon and oxygen . Its molecular structure can be viewed as two carbonate anions joined so as to form a peroxide bridge –O–O–. The anio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxydicarbonate
Peroxymonosulfuric acid , also known as persulfuric acid , peroxysulfuric acid is the inorganic compound with the formula H 2 SO 5 . It is a white solid. It is a component of Caro's acid , which is a solution of peroxymonosulfuric acid in sulfuric acid containing small amounts of water. [ 4 ] Peroxymonosulfuric acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxymonosulfuric_acid
Peroxynitrite (sometimes called peroxonitrite ) is an ion with the formula ONOO − . It is a structural isomer of nitrate , NO − 3 Peroxynitrite can be prepared by the reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide : [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is prepared by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with nitrite : [ 4 ] Its presence is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxynitrite
Peroxyoxalates are esters initially formed by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with oxalate diesters or oxalyl chloride , with or without base, although the reaction is faster with base: Peroxyoxalates are intermediates that will rapidly transform into 1,2-dioxetanedione , another high-energy intermediate. The likely...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxyoxalate
The perpendicular axis theorem (or plane figure theorem ) states that for a planar lamina the moment of inertia about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia about two mutually perpendicular axes in the plane of the lamina, which intersect at the point where the pe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpendicular_axis_theorem
A perpendicular paramagnetic bond is a type of chemical bond that does not exist under normal, atmospheric conditions. [ 1 ] Such a phenomenon was first hypothesized through simulation to exist in the atmospheres of white dwarf stars [ 2 ] whose magnetic fields, on the order of 10 5 teslas , [ 1 ] could allow such inte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpendicular_paramagnetic_bond
In hydrodynamics , the Perrin friction factors are multiplicative adjustments to the translational and rotational friction of a rigid spheroid, relative to the corresponding frictions in spheres of the same volume. These friction factors were first calculated by Jean-Baptiste Perrin . These factors pertain to spheroi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perrin_friction_factors
In mathematics , and more particularly in analytic number theory , Perron's formula is a formula due to Oskar Perron to calculate the sum of an arithmetic function , by means of an inverse Mellin transform . Let { a ( n ) } {\displaystyle \{a(n)\}} be an arithmetic function , and let be the corresponding Dirichlet se...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perron's_formula
Perron's irreducibility criterion is a sufficient condition for a polynomial to be irreducible in Z [ x ] {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} [x]} —that is, for it to be unfactorable into the product of lower- degree polynomials with integer coefficients . This criterion is applicable only to monic polynomials . However, unlik...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perron's_irreducibility_criterion
Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook (also known as Perry's Handbook , Perry's , or The Chemical Engineer's Bible ) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] was first published in 1934 and the most current ninth edition was published in July 2018. [ citation needed ] It has been a source of chemical engineering knowledge for chemical engineers , a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry's_Chemical_Engineers'_Handbook
Perry Rhodan is a German space opera franchise, named after its hero. It commenced in 1961 and has been ongoing for decades, written by an ever-changing team of authors. Having sold approximately two billion copies (in novella format) worldwide (including over one billion in Germany alone), it is the most successful sc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_Rhodan