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Submerging a mobile device into rice is a common repair advice for devices that suffered from water damage . This technique has not been shown to be effective in repairing them. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Submerging these devices into a desiccant may or may not be more effective than leaving them to dry in open air. Uncooked ri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_repair_with_rice |
Phonetotopy is the concept that articulatory features as well as perceptual features of speech sounds are ordered in the brain in a similar way as tone ( tonotopy ), articulation and its somatosensory feedback ( somatotopy ), or visual location of an object ( retinotopy ). It is assumed that a phonetotopic ordering of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetotopy |
A phoniton is a theoretical quasiparticle that emerges from the hybridization of a localized, long-lived phonon (a quantum of sound) with a matter excitation. It serves as a sound-based analogue of cavity quantum electrodynamics , where the phonon plays a role similar to that of a photon in coupling with a matter excit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoniton |
Phono input is a set of input jacks, usually mini jacks or RCA connectors , located on the rear panel of a preamp, mixer or amplifier, especially on early radio sets , to which a phonograph or turntable is attached. [ 1 ]
Modern phono cartridges give a very low level output signal of the order of a few millivolts whic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phono_input |
A phono stage , also known as a phono amplifier or phono preamplifier , is an electronic audio component that amplifies the signal from a turntable to a level that will allow it to be heard when connected to a sound system. [ 1 ] A phono stage is needed to listen to any turntable otherwise the sound will be too low whe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phono_stage |
Phonon drag is an increase in the effective mass of conduction electrons or valence holes due to interactions with the crystal lattice in which the electron moves. As an electron moves past atoms in the lattice its charge distorts or polarizes the nearby lattice. This effect leads to a decrease in the electron (or hole... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon_drag |
Phonon noise , also known as thermal fluctuation noise , arises from the random exchange of energy between a thermal mass and its surrounding environment. This energy is quantized in the form of phonons . Each phonon has an energy of order k B T {\displaystyle k_{\text{B}}T} , where k B {\displaystyle k_{\text{B}}} is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon_noise |
Phonons can scatter through several mechanisms as they travel through the material. These scattering mechanisms are: Umklapp phonon-phonon scattering , phonon-impurity scattering, phonon-electron scattering , and phonon-boundary scattering. Each scattering mechanism can be characterised by a relaxation rate 1/ τ {\disp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon_scattering |
A phonovoltaic ( pV ) cell converts vibrational ( phonons ) energy into a direct current much like the photovoltaic effect in a photovoltaic (PV) cell converts light ( photon ) into power. That is, it uses a p-n junction to separate the electrons and holes generated as valence electrons absorb optical phonons more ene... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonovoltaic |
Phorbol is a natural, plant-derived organic compound . It is a member of the tigliane family of diterpenes . Phorbol was first isolated in 1934 via the hydrolysis of croton oil , which is derived from the seeds of the purging croton, Croton tiglium . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The structure of phorbol was determined... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phorbol |
Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate ( PDBu ) is a phorbol ester which is one of the constituents of croton oil . As an activator of protein kinase C , it is a weak tumor promoter compared to 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate . [ 1 ]
PDBu is widely used as a chemical reagent because of its solubility in water and other orga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phorbol_12,13-dibutyrate |
Phoresis or phoresy is a temporary commensalistic relationship when an organism (a phoront or phoretic) attaches itself to a host organism solely for travel. [ 2 ] It has been seen in ticks and mites since the 18th century, [ 3 ] and in fossils 320 million years old. [ 2 ] It is not restricted to arthropods or animals ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoresis |
In botany , phorophytes are plants on which epiphytes grow. The term is composed of phoro , meaning bearer or carrier [ 1 ] and phyte , meaning plant. [ 2 ]
The epiphytes benefit from the habitats provided, but the phorophyte is unaffected. In other words, the obligate epiphytes utilize phorophytes as habitats, withou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phorophyte |
A phoropter or refractor is an ophthalmic testing device. It is commonly used by eye care professionals during an eye examination , and contains different lenses used for refraction of the eye during sight testing, to measure an individual's refractive error and determine their eyeglass prescription . [ 1 ] It also is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoropter |
Phosgene is an organic chemical compound with the formula COCl 2 . It is a toxic, colorless gas; in low concentrations, its musty odor resembles that of freshly cut hay or grass. [ 7 ] It can be thought of chemically as the double acyl chloride analog of carbonic acid , or structurally as formaldehyde with the hydrogen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosgene |
Phosgene oxime , or CX , is an organic compound with the formula Cl 2 C = N − O H . It is a potent chemical weapon , specifically a nettle agent . The compound itself is a colorless solid, but impure samples are often yellowish liquids. It has a strong, disagreeable and irritating odor. It is used as a reagent in organ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosgene_oxime |
Phoslactomycin ( PLM ) is a natural product from the isolation of Streptomyces species. This is an inhibitor of the protein serine/threonine phosphatase which is the protein phosphate 2A (PP2A). The PP2A involves the growth factor of the cell such as to induce the formation of mitogen-activated protein interaction [ 1 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoslactomycin_B |
Phoslock is the commercial name for a bentonite clay in which the sodium and/or calcium ions are exchanged for lanthanum . The lanthanum contained within Phoslock reacts with phosphate to form an inert mineral known as rhabdophane ( LaPO 4 ⋅ n H 2 O {\displaystyle {\ce {LaPO4.{\mathit {n}}H2O}}} ). Phoslock is used in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoslock |
Phosphaalkenes ( IUPAC name: alkylidenephosphanes ) are organophosphorus compounds with double bonds between carbon and phosphorus(III) with the formula R 2 C=PR. In the compound phosphorine one carbon atom in benzene is replaced by phosphorus. The reactivity of phosphaalkenes is often compared to that of alkenes and n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphaalkene |
In chemistry , a phosphaalkyne ( IUPAC name: alkylidynephosphane ) is an organophosphorus compound containing a triple bond between phosphorus and carbon with the general chemical formula R−C≡P . [ 2 ] Phosphaalkynes are the heavier congeners of nitriles , though, due to the similar electronegativities of phosphorus an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphaalkyne |
The phosphaethynolate anion , also referred to as PCO , is the phosphorus-containing analogue of the cyanate anion with the chemical formula [PCO] − or [OCP] − . [ 1 ] The anion has a linear geometry and is commonly isolated as a salt. When used as a ligand, the phosphaethynolate anion is ambidentate in nature meaning ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphaethynolate |
Phosphagens , also known as macroergic compounds, are high energy storage compounds, also known as high-energy phosphate compounds, chiefly found in muscular tissue in animals . They allow a high-energy phosphate pool to be maintained in a concentration range, which, if it all were adenosine triphosphate (ATP), would c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphagen |
Phosphates are the naturally occurring form of the element phosphorus . [ 2 ]
In chemistry , a phosphate is an anion , salt , functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid . It most commonly means orthophosphate , a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 .
The phosphate or ort... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate |
Phosphate-buffered saline ( PBS ) is a buffer solution (pH ~ 7.4) commonly used in biological research . It is a water-based salt solution containing disodium hydrogen phosphate , sodium chloride and, in some formulations, potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate . The buffer helps to maintain a constant p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate-buffered_saline |
Phosphate conversion coating is a chemical treatment applied to steel parts that creates a thin adhering layer of iron , zinc , or manganese phosphates to improve corrosion resistance or lubrication or as a foundation for subsequent coatings or painting. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is one of the most common types of conversio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate_conversion_coating |
Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are beneficial bacteria capable of solubilizing inorganic phosphorus from insoluble compounds. [ 1 ] P-solubilization ability of rhizosphere microorganisms is considered to be one of the most important traits associated with plant phosphate nutrition. It is generally accepted that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate_solubilizing_bacteria |
A range of qualitative and quantitative tests have been developed to detect phosphate ions ( PO 3− 4 ) in solution. Such tests find use in industrial processes, scientific research, and environmental water monitoring .
A quantitative method to determine the amount of phosphate present in samples, such as boiler feedwa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate_test |
Phosphatidic acids are anionic phospholipids important to cell signaling and direct activation of lipid-gated ion channels . Hydrolysis of phosphatidic acid gives rise to one molecule each of glycerol and phosphoric acid and two molecules of fatty acids. They constitute about 0.25% of phospholipids in the bilayer. [ 1 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidic_acid |
Phosphatidylethanols ( PEth ) are a group of phospholipids formed only in the presence of ethanol via the action of phospholipase D (PLD). [ 1 ] It accumulates in blood and is removed slowly, making it a useful biomarker for alcohol consumption. [ 2 ] PEth is also thought to contribute to the symptoms of alcohol intoxi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylethanol |
Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate ( PtdIns4 P , PI-4-P , PI4P , or PIP ) is a precursor of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate . PtdIns4 P is prevalent in the membrane of the Golgi apparatus .
In the Golgi apparatus , PtdIns4 P binds to the GTP-binding protein ARF and to effector proteins , including four-phosphat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4-phosphate |
The phosphatome of an organism is the set of phosphatase genes in its genome . Phosphatases are enzymes that catalyze the removal of phosphate from biomolecules . Over half of all cellular proteins are modified by phosphorylation which typically controls their functions. Protein phosphorylation is controlled by the opp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatome |
Phosphinates or hypophosphites are a class of phosphorus compounds conceptually based on the structure of hypophosphorous acid . IUPAC prefers the term phosphinate in all cases, however in practice hypophosphite is usually used to describe inorganic species (e.g. sodium hypophosphite ), while phosphinate typically refe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphinate |
Phosphine ( IUPAC name: phosphane ) is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic compound with the chemical formula P H 3 , classed as a pnictogen hydride . Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane ( ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphine |
In chemistry a phosphine imide (sometimes abbreviated to phosphinimide ) also known as a iminophosphorane is a functional group with the formula R 3 P=NR. While structurally related to phosphine oxide its chemistry has more in common with phosphonium ylides .
Anions of this group, with the structure R 3 P=N − , are ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphine_imide |
Phosphine oxides are phosphorus compounds with the formula OPX 3 . When X = alkyl or aryl , these are organophosphine oxides. Triphenylphosphine oxide is an example. An inorganic phosphine oxide is phosphoryl chloride (POCl 3 ). [ 1 ] The parent phosphine oxide (H 3 PO) remains rare and obscure.
Tertiary phosphine oxi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphine_oxides |
In organic chemistry , phosphinites are organophosphorus compounds with the formula P(OR)R 2 . They are used as ligands in homogeneous catalysis and coordination chemistry . [ 1 ]
Phosphinites are prepared by alcoholysis of organophosphinous chlorides. For example, treatment of chlorodiphenylphosphine with methanol an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphinite |
Phosphinooxazolines (often abbreviated PHOX ) are a class of chiral ligands used in asymmetric catalysis . Colorless solids, PHOX ligands feature a tertiary phosphine group, often diphenyl, and an oxazoline ligand in the ortho position. The oxazoline, which carries the stereogenic center, coordinates through nitrogen,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphinooxazolines |
Phosphinous acid is the inorganic compound with the formula H 2 POH. It exists, fleetingly, as a mixture with its less stable tautomer H 3 PO ( phosphine oxide ). This mixture has been generated by low temperature oxidation of phosphine with ozone . [ 1 ] H 2 POH is mainly of pedagogical interest. Organophosphinous a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphinous_acid |
Phosphinous acids are usually organophosphorus compounds with the formula R 2 POH. They are pyramidal in structure. Phosphorus is in the oxidation state III. Most phosphinous acids rapidly convert to the corresponding phosphine oxide, which is tetrahedral and is assigned oxidation state V.
Only one example is known,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphinous_acids |
Phosphirene is the hypothetical organophosphorus compound with the formula C 2 H 2 PH. As the simplest cyclic, unsaturated organophosphorus compound, phosphirene is the prototype of a family of related compounds that have attracted attention from researchers. [ 1 ]
Phosphirenes , that is substituted phosphirene compou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphirene |
Phosphonite
A phosphite ion in inorganic chemistry usually refers to [HPO 3 ] 2− but includes [H 2 PO 3 ] − ([HPO 2 (OH)] − ). These anions are the conjugate bases of phosphorous acid (H 3 PO 3 ). The corresponding salts, e.g. sodium phosphite (Na 2 HPO 3 ) are reducing in character.
The IUPAC recommended name for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphite_(ion) |
In organic chemistry , a phosphite ester or organophosphite usually refers to an organophosphorous compound with the formula P(OR) 3 . They can be considered as esters of an unobserved tautomer phosphorous acid , H 3 PO 3 , with the simplest example being trimethylphosphite , P(OCH 3 ) 3 . Some phosphites can be consi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphite_ester |
In chemistry , a phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups ( −OH ) in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds. The "bond" involves this linkage C−O−PO − 2 O−C . [ 1 ] Discussion of phosphodiesters is dominated by their prevalence in DNA and RNA , bu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiester_bond |
A phosphodiesterase ( PDE ) is an enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond . Usually, phosphodiesterase refers to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which have great clinical significance and are described below. However, there are many other families of phosphodiesterases, including phospholipases C and D , autot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase |
PDE3 is a phosphodiesterase . The PDEs belong to at least eleven related gene families , which are different in their primary structure , substrate affinity , responses to effectors , and regulation mechanism .
Most of the PDE families are composed of more than one gene. PDE3 is clinically significant because of its ro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase_3 |
At least four types of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4 ( PDE4 ) are known: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase_4 |
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (also known as PEP carboxylase , PEPCase , or PEPC ; EC 4.1.1.31 , PDB ID: 3ZGE) is an enzyme in the family of carboxy-lyases found in plants and some bacteria that catalyzes the addition of bicarbonate (HCO 3 − ) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form the four-carbon compound oxaloacetate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoenolpyruvate_carboxylase |
Phosphohydroxypyruvic acid is an organic acid most widely known as an intermediate in the synthesis of serine . [ 1 ]
Phosphohydroxypyruvic acid is a moderately weak acid .
This biochemistry article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphohydroxypyruvic_acid |
Phosphoinositide phospholipase C ( PLC , EC 3.1.4.11, triphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase, phosphoinositidase C, 1-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase, monophosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase, phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, PI-PLC, 1-phosphatidyl- D - myo -inositol-4,5-bisphosphate inosi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoinositide_phospholipase_C |
Phospholipid-derived fatty acids ( PLFAs ) are widely used in microbial ecology as chemotaxonomic markers of bacteria and other organisms. Phospholipids are the primary lipids composing cellular membranes . Phospholipids can be saponified , which releases the fatty acids contained in their diglyceride tail. Once the ph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipid-derived_fatty_acids |
3CH4
10654
68603
ENSG00000163344
ENSMUSG00000027952
Q15126
Q9D1G2
NM_006556 NM_001323011 NM_001323012 NM_001348696
NM_026784 NM_027348 NM_001310640
NP_001309940 NP_001309941 NP_006547 NP_001335625
NP_001297569 NP_081060 NP_081624
Phosphomevalonate kinase is an enzyme ( EC 2.7.4.2 ) in the mevalonate pathway ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphomevalonate_kinase |
Phosphomevalonic acid is an intermediate in the Mevalonate pathway . [ 1 ]
This biochemistry article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphomevalonic_acid |
Phosphomimetics are amino acid substitutions that mimic a phosphorylated protein , thereby activating (or deactivating) the protein. Within cells, proteins are commonly modified at serine , tyrosine and threonine amino acids by adding a phosphate group. Phosphorylation is a common mode of activating or deactivating a p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphomimetics |
In organic chemistry , phosphonates or phosphonic acids are organophosphorus compounds containing C−PO(OR) 2 groups , where R is an organic group ( alkyl , aryl ). If R is hydrogen then the compound is a dialkyl phosphite , which is a different functional group. Phosphonic acids, typically handled as salts, are general... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphonate |
In organic chemistry , phosphonites are organophosphorus compounds with the formula P(OR) 2 R. They are found in some pesticides and are used as ligands . [ 1 ]
Although they are derivatives of phosphonous acid (RP(OH) 2 ), [ 2 ] they are not prepared from such precursors. Phosphonites are prepared by alcoholysis of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphonite |
In chemistry , the term phosphonium (more obscurely: phosphinium ) describes polyatomic cations with the chemical formula P R + 4 (where R is a hydrogen or an alkyl , aryl , organyl or halogen group). These cations have tetrahedral structures . The salts are generally colorless or take the color of the anions. [ 1 ]
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphonium |
In organic chemistry , phosphonium coupling is a cross-coupling reaction for organic synthesis . It is a mild, efficient, chemoselective and versatile methodology for the formation of C–C, C–N, C–O, and C–S bond of unactivated and unprotected tautomerizable heterocycles . The method was originally reported in 2004. [ 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphonium_coupling |
Phosphonium iodide is a chemical compound with the formula PH 4 I . It is an example of a salt containing an unsubstituted phosphonium cation ( PH + 4 ). Phosphonium iodide is commonly used as storage for phosphine [ 2 ] and as a reagent for substituting phosphorus into organic molecules. [ 3 ]
Phosphonium iodide is p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphonium_iodide |
Phosphopantetheine , also known as 4'-phosphopantetheine , is a prosthetic group of several acyl carrier proteins including the acyl carrier proteins (ACP) of fatty acid synthases , ACPs of polyketide synthases , the peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP), as well as aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) of nonribosomal peptide synthe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphopantetheine |
Phosphoproteomics is a branch of proteomics that identifies, catalogs, and characterizes proteins containing a phosphate group as a posttranslational modification . Phosphorylation is a key reversible modification that regulates protein function, subcellular localization, complex formation, degradation of proteins and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoproteomics |
A phosphor is a substance that exhibits the phenomenon of luminescence ; it emits light when exposed to some type of radiant energy . The term is used both for fluorescent or phosphorescent substances which glow on exposure to ultraviolet or visible light, and cathodoluminescent substances which glow when struck by an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphor |
In organophosphorus chemistry , phosphoramidates (sometimes also called amidophosphates ) are a class of phosphorus compounds structurally related to phosphates (or organophosphates ) via the substitution of an −O − group for an amine group ( −N− ). They are derivatives of phosphoramidic acids , which possess the struc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoramidate |
Phosphoramide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula O=P(NH 2 ) 3 . It is a derivative of phosphoric acid in which each of the hydroxyl groups have been replaced with an amino group . In bulk, the compound is a white solid which is soluble in polar solvents .
Phosphoramide arises from the reaction of phosph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoramide |
Phosphoramides are a class of phosphorus compounds with the formula O=P(NR 2 ) 3-n (OH) n . They can be considered derivatives of phosphoric acid where OH groups have been replaced with an amino or R-substituted amino group. In practise the term is commonly confined to the phosphoric triamides (P(=O)(NR 2 ) 3 ), essent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoramides |
A phosphoramidite (RO) 2 PNR 2 is a monoamide of a phosphite diester. The key feature of phosphoramidites is their markedly high reactivity towards nucleophiles catalyzed by weak acids e.c ., triethylammonium chloride or 1 H - tetrazole . In these reactions, the incoming nucleophile replaces the NR 2 moiety.
Phosphora... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoramidite |
A phosphorane ( IUPAC name: λ 5 -phosphane ) is a functional group in organophosphorus chemistry with pentavalent phosphorus . Phosphoranes have the general formula PR 5 .
Phosphoranes of the type PX 5 adopt a trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry with the two apical bonds longer than the three equatorial bonds. Hyp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoranes |
Phosphorene is a two-dimensional material consisting of phosphorus . It consists of a single layer of black phosphorus , the most stable allotrope of phosphorus . [ 1 ] Phosphorene is analogous [ 2 ] to graphene (single layer graphite ). Among two-dimensional materials , phosphorene is a competitor to graphene because ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorene |
Phosphorescence is a type of photoluminescence related to fluorescence . When exposed to light (radiation) of a shorter wavelength, a phosphorescent substance will glow, absorbing the light and reemitting it at a longer wavelength. Unlike fluorescence, a phosphorescent material does not immediately reemit the radiation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorescence |
Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes ( PHOLED ) are a type of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) that use the principle of phosphorescence to obtain higher internal efficiencies than fluorescent OLEDs. This technology is currently under development by many industrial and academic research groups.
Like all typ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorescent_organic_light-emitting_diode |
The enzyme Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase , or AIR carboxylase ( EC 4.1.1.21 ) is involved in nucleotide biosynthesis and in particular in purine biosynthesis . It catalyzes the conversion of 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole ("AIR") into 5'-phosphoribosyl-4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ("CAIR") as described in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole_carboxylase |
In chemistry , a phosphoric acid , in the general sense, is a phosphorus oxoacid in which each phosphorus (P) atom is in the oxidation state +5, and is bonded to four oxygen (O) atoms, one of them through a double bond , arranged as the corners of a tetrahedron . Two or more of these PO 4 tetrahedra may be connected by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoric_acids_and_phosphates |
Phosphoric monoester hydrolases (or phosphomonoesterases ) are enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of O-P bonds by nucleophilic attack of phosphorus by cysteine residues or coordinated metal ions.
They are categorized with the EC number 3.1.3.
Examples include:
This enzyme -related article is a stub . You can help ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoric_monoester_hydrolases |
In chemistry , a phosphorochloridate is a class of organophosphorus compounds with the formula (RO) 2 P(O)Cl (R = organic substituent). They are tetrahedral in shape, akin to regular phosphates (OP(OR) 3 ). They are usually colorless and sensitive toward hydrolysis. They are oxidized derivatives of phosphorochloridit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorochloridate |
In chemistry , phosphorochloridites are a class of organophosphorus compound with the formula (RO) 2 PCl (R = organic substituent). They are pyramidal in shape, akin to regular phosphites (P(OR) 3 ). They are usually colorless and sensitive toward hydrolysis and, to some extent, oxidation to the corresponding phospho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorochloridite |
Phosphorolysis is the cleavage of a compound in which inorganic phosphate is the attacking group. It is analogous to hydrolysis . [ 1 ]
An example of this is glycogen breakdown by glycogen phosphorylase, which catalyzes attack by inorganic phosphate on the terminal glycosyl residue at the nonreducing end of a glycogen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorolysis |
A phosphoroscope is piece of experimental equipment devised in 1857 by physicist A. E. Becquerel to measure how long it takes a phosphorescent material to stop glowing after it has been excited . [ 1 ]
It consists of two rotating disks with holes in them. The holes are arranged on each disk at equal angular intervals ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoroscope |
Phosphotothioate-based ligase-independent cloning [ 1 ] is a cloning method that uses the Phosphotothioate chemistry as a new universal cloning starting with the target's gene and vector's amplification with PCR. It is also commonly known as the PLICing method and it consists of three main steps: amplification, cleavag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorothioate-based_ligase-independent_cloning |
Phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy is an analytical chemistry technique that uses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study chemical compounds that contain phosphorus . Phosphorus is commonly found in organic compounds and coordination complexes (as phosphines ), making it useful to measure 31 - NMR spectra routinely. Solu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus-31_nuclear_magnetic_resonance |
The phosphorus cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that involves the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere , hydrosphere , and biosphere . Unlike many other biogeochemical cycles, the atmosphere does not play a significant role in the movement of phosphorus, because phosphorus and phosphorus-based materials do n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_cycle |
Phosphorus dioxide ( PO 2 ) is a gaseous oxide of phosphorus . It is a free radical that plays a role in the chemiluminescence of phosphorus and phosphine . [ 1 ] It is produced when phosphates are heated to high temperatures. [ 2 ]
In the ground state the molecule is bent, like nitrogen dioxide , but there is an exci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_dioxide |
Phosphorus monoxide is an unstable radical inorganic compound with molecular formula P O . [ 2 ]
Phosphorus monoxide is notable as one of the few molecular compounds containing phosphorus that has been detected outside of Earth. Other phosphorus containing molecules found in space include PN , PC , PC 2 , HCP and PH 3... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_monoxide |
In chemistry , phosphorus oxoacid (or phosphorus acid ) is a generic name for any acid whose molecule consists of atoms of phosphorus , oxygen , and hydrogen . [ 1 ] There is a potentially infinite number of such compounds. Some of them are unstable and have not been isolated, but the derived anions and organic groups... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_oxoacids |
Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula PCl 5 . It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides/oxychlorides, others being PCl 3 and POCl 3 . PCl 5 finds use as a chlorinating reagent. It is a colourless, water-sensitive solid , although commercial samples can be yellowish and contaminat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_pentachloride |
Phosphorus pentaiodide is a hypothetical inorganic compound with formula P I 5 . The existence of this compound has been claimed intermittently since the early 1900s. [ 2 ] The claim is disputed: "The pentaiodide does not exist (except perhaps as PI 3 · I 2 , but certainly not as [PI 4 ] + I − ...)". [ 3 ]
Phosphorus ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_pentaiodide |
Phosphorus pentoxide is a chemical compound with molecular formula P 4 O 10 (with its common name derived from its empirical formula , P 2 O 5 ). This white crystalline solid is the anhydride of phosphoric acid . It is a powerful desiccant and dehydrating agent .
Phosphorus pentoxide crystallizes in at least four form... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_pentoxide |
Phosphorus tribromide is a colourless liquid with the formula P Br 3 . The liquid fumes in moist air due to hydrolysis and has a penetrating odour. It is used in the laboratory for the conversion of alcohols to alkyl bromides .
PBr 3 is prepared by treating red phosphorus with bromine . An excess of phosphorus is u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_tribromide |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on phosphorus tribromide .
External MSDS sheets: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_tribromide_(data_page) |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on phosphorus trichloride .
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet ( MSDS ) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI , and follow its directions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_trichloride_(data_page) |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on phosphorus trifluoride . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_trifluoride_(data_page) |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on phosphoryl chloride . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoryl_chloride_(data_page) |
A phosphoryl group is a trivalent >P(=O)− group, consisting of a phosphorus atom (symbol P) and an oxygen atom (symbol O), where the three free valencies are on the phosphorus atom. While commonly depicted as possessing a double bond (P=O) the bonding is in fact non-classical. [ 1 ]
Despite that, the meaning of the te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoryl_group |
In biochemistry , phosphorylation is described as the "transfer of a phosphate group" from a donor to an acceptor. [ 1 ] A common phosphorylating agent (phosphate donor) is ATP and a common family of acceptor are alcohols :
This equation can be written in several ways that are nearly equivalent that describe the behav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylation |
A phosphorylation cascade is a sequence of signaling pathway events where one enzyme phosphorylates another, causing a chain reaction leading to the phosphorylation of thousands of proteins. This can be seen in signal transduction of hormone messages. A signaling pathway begins at the cell surface where a hormone or pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylation_cascade |
Photo-Induced Cross-Linking of Unmodified Proteins (PICUP) is a protein cross-linking method by visible light irradiation of a photocatalyst in the presence of an electron acceptor and the protein of interest. [ 1 ] Irradiation results in a highly reactive protein radical that forms a covalent bond between the amino ac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo-induced_cross-linking_of_unmodified_proteins |
In high-energy astrophysics , a photo-meson is a meson (most often a pion ) produced in the interaction of a photon with a nucleon within an astrophysical object. This interaction is commonly referred to as photo-hadronic process. The decay of charged mesons ultimately results in the production of neutrinos and electro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo-meson |
In polymer chemistry , photo-oxidation (sometimes: oxidative photodegradation ) is the degradation of a polymer surface due to the combined action of light and oxygen. [ 1 ] It is the most significant factor in the weathering of plastics. [ 2 ] Photo-oxidation causes the polymer chains to break ( chain scission ), resu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo-oxidation_of_polymers |
Photo-reactive amino acid analogs are artificial analogs of natural amino acids that can be used for crosslinking of protein complexes. [ 1 ] Photo-reactive amino acid analogs may be incorporated into proteins and peptides in vivo or in vitro . [ 2 ] Photo-reactive amino acid analogs in common use are photoreactive dia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo-reactive_amino_acid_analog |
Photo-reflectance is an optical technique for investigating the material and electronic properties of thin films . Photo-reflectance measures the change in reflectivity of a sample in response to the application of an amplitude modulated light beam. In general, a photo-reflectometer consists of an intensity modulated "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo-reflectance |
PhotoStage Slideshow Producer is a video slideshow creator using photos , videos , and music . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It can also be used as an organizational and basic editing tool. [ 7 ] [ 8 ]
A slideshow can be made by importing the desired photos. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] The software includes a timeline thumbnail with durat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhotoStage |
Photoacids are molecules that become more acidic upon absorption of light. Either the light causes a photodissociation to produce a strong acid , or the light causes photoassociation (such as a ring forming reaction ) that leads to an increased acidity and dissociation of a proton.
There are two main types of molecule... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoacid |
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