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The polarizable continuum model ( PCM ) is a commonly used method in computational chemistry to model solvation effects. When it is necessary to consider each solvent molecule as a separate molecule, the computational cost of modeling a solvent-mediated chemical reaction becomes prohibitively high. Modeling the solve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizable_continuum_model |
In classical electromagnetism , polarization density (or electric polarization , or simply polarization ) is the vector field that expresses the volumetric density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material. When a dielectric is placed in an external electric field , its molecules gain ele... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_density |
Polarization gradient cooling (PG cooling), or Sisyphus cooling, is a technique in laser cooling of atoms by dampening the motion of the trapped particles via photon momentum. It was proposed to explain the experimental observation of cooling below the Doppler limit [ 1 ] observed in cesium atom-related laser cooling e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_gradient_cooling |
In linear algebra , a branch of mathematics , the polarization identity is any one of a family of formulas that express the inner product of two vectors in terms of the norm of a normed vector space .
If a norm arises from an inner product then the polarization identity can be used to express this inner product entire... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_identity |
Polarization of electromagnetic radiation is a useful tool for detecting various astronomical phenomenon. For example, energy can become polarized by passing through interstellar dust or by magnetic fields . Microwave energy from the primordial universe can be used to study the physics of that environment.
The polariz... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_in_astronomy |
In mathematics , in particular in algebra , polarization is a technique for expressing a homogeneous polynomial in a simpler fashion by adjoining more variables. Specifically, given a homogeneous polynomial, polarization produces a unique symmetric multilinear form from which the original polynomial can be recovered b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_of_an_algebraic_form |
Polarization spectroscopy comprises a set of spectroscopic techniques based on polarization properties of light (not necessarily visible one; UV , X-ray , infrared , or in any other frequency range of the electromagnetic radiation ). By analyzing the polarization properties of light, decisions can be made about the med... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_spectroscopy |
The polarized targets are used as fixed targets in scattering experiments. In high energy physics they are used to study the nucleon spin structure of simple nucleons like protons , neutrons or deuterons . In deep inelastic scattering the hadron structure is probed with electrons , muons or neutrinos .
Using a polariz... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarized_target |
A polaron is a quasiparticle used in condensed matter physics to understand the interactions between electrons and atoms in a solid material. The polaron concept was proposed by Lev Landau in 1933 [ 1 ] and Solomon Pekar in 1946 [ 2 ] to describe an electron moving in a dielectric crystal where the atoms displace from ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaron |
Polatuzumab vedotin , sold under the brand name Polivy , is a CD79b -directed antibody-drug conjugate medication used for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ( cancer ). [ 6 ] It was developed by the Genentech subsidiary of Roche . [ 8 ]
The most common side effects include low levels of white blood cells (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polatuzumab_vedotin |
A polder ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈpɔldər] ⓘ ) is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes . The three types of polder are:
The ground level in drained marshes subsides over time. All polders will eventually be below the surrounding water level some... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polder |
The Polder tensor is a tensor introduced by Dirk Polder [ 1 ] for the description of magnetic permeability of ferrites . [ 2 ] The tensor notation needs to be used because ferrimagnetic material becomes anisotropic in the presence of a magnetizing field.
The tensor is described mathematically as: [ 3 ]
Neglecting the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polder_tensor |
Pole framing or post-frame construction [ 1 ] ( pole building framing , pole building , pole barn ) is a simplified building technique that is an alternative to the labor-intensive traditional timber framing technique. It uses large poles or posts buried in the ground or on a foundation to provide the vertical structur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_building_framing |
A pole figure is a graphical representation of the orientation of objects in space. For example, pole figures in the form of stereographic projections are used to represent the orientation distribution of crystallographic lattice planes in crystallography and texture analysis in materials science .
Consider an object ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_figure |
The Polenske value (also known as the Polenske number ) is a value determined when examining fat . It is an indicator of how much volatile fatty acid can be extracted from fat through saponification . It is equal to the number of milliliters of 0.1 normal alkali solution necessary for the neutralization of the water-in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenske_value |
The poles of astronomical bodies are determined based on their axis of rotation in relation to the celestial poles of the celestial sphere . Astronomical bodies include stars , planets , dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies such as comets and minor planets (e.g., asteroids ), as well as natural satellites and mi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles_of_astronomical_bodies |
The Polevskoy Copper Smelting Plant ( Russian : Полевской медеплавильный завод , romanized : Polevskoj medeplavilnyj zavod ), also known as Polevaya or Poleva , [ 1 ] was one of the major metallurgical facilities located in Polevskoy , in Sverdlovsk Oblast of Russia .
It was established by the decree of Peter the Grea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polevskoy_Copper_Smelting_Plant |
The details of a spinning body may impose restrictions on the motion of its angular velocity vector, ω . The curve produced by the angular velocity vector on the inertia ellipsoid , is known as the polhode , coined from Greek meaning "path of the pole". The surface created by the angular velocity vector is termed the b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polhode |
A policeman is a hand-held flexible natural-rubber or plastic scraper. The common type of it is attached to a glass rod and used in chemical laboratories to transfer residues of precipitate or solid on glass surfaces when performing gravimetric analysis . This equipment works well under gentle, delicate and precise req... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policeman_(laboratory) |
Policies promoting wireless broadband are policies, rules, and regulations supporting the "National Wireless Initiative", a plan to bring wireless broadband Internet access to 98% of Americans. [ 1 ]
Spectrum is limited and much of it already in use. This raises the issue of space and strength of supporting the networ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policies_promoting_wireless_broadband_in_the_United_States |
Policresulen is the polycondensation product of meta -cresolsulfonic acid and phenol . [ 1 ] It is used as a topical hemostatic and antiseptic [ 2 ] in infectious and other lesions of the mucous membranes , like gynecological infections, anal hemorrhoids as well as ulcers of the oral cavity including canker sores . In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policresulen |
Policy and Charging Rules Function ( PCRF ) is the software node designated in real-time to determine policy rules in a multimedia network. [ 1 ] As a policy tool, the PCRF plays a central role in next-generation networks. [ 2 ] Unlike earlier policy engines that were added onto an existing network to enforce policy, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy_and_charging_rules_function |
Polidocanol is a local anaesthetic and antipruritic component of ointments and bath additives. It relieves itching caused by eczema and dry skin. [ 2 ] It has also been used to treat varicose veins , [ 3 ] hemangiomas , and vascular malformations . [ 4 ] It is formed by the ethoxylation of dodecanol .
Polidocanol is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polidocanol |
A metallurgical method employed in the purification of copper which contains copper oxide as an impurity and also in the purification of tin which contains tin oxide (stannic oxide or "SnO 2 ") as an impurity. The impure metal, usually in the form of molten blister copper, is placed in an anode furnace for two stages o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poling_(metallurgy) |
Polio eradication , the goal of permanent global cessation of circulation of the poliovirus and hence elimination of the poliomyelitis (polio) it causes, is the aim of a multinational public health effort begun in 1988, led by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the Rota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_eradication |
The Polish Chemical Society ( Polish : Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne, PTCHem ) is a professional learned society of Polish chemists founded in 1919 to represent the interests of Polish chemists on the local, national and international levels.
The society was founded of 118 Charter Members on 29 June 1919 [ 1 ] on the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Chemical_Society |
The Political Economy of Research and Innovation (PERI) (or sometimes political economy of technoscience ) is an emerging academic field at the interface of science and technology studies and political economy. It focuses on the production, distribution, and consumption of knowledge , and how these shape and are shaped... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Economy_of_Research_and_Innovation |
Political ecology is the study of the relationships between political, economic and social factors with environmental issues and changes. Political ecology differs from apolitical ecological studies by politicizing environmental issues and phenomena.
The academic discipline offers wide-ranging studies integrating ecol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_ecology |
Political representation of nature refers to the concept and practice of granting political or institutional standing to nonhuman entities —such as animals, plants, and ecosystems—within governance systems. [ 3 ] This concept has developed to incorporate natural entities in political decision-making, reflecting debates... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_representation_of_nature |
The politics of outer space includes space treaties, law in space , international cooperation and conflict in space exploration , international economics , and the hypothetical political impact of any contact with extraterrestrial intelligence .
Astropolitics has its foundations in geopolitics and is a theory that is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_outer_space |
poll is a POSIX system call to wait for one or more file descriptors to become ready for use. [ 1 ]
On * BSD and macOS , it has been largely superseded by kqueue in high performance applications. [ 2 ] On Linux , it has been superseded by ppoll and epoll . [ 2 ]
This computer-programming -related article is a stub . ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poll_(Unix) |
Poll Everywhere is a privately held company headquartered in San Francisco , California. The company, founded in April 2007 [ 1 ] is an online service for classroom response and audience response systems . Poll Everywhere's product allows audiences and classrooms in over 100 countries [ 2 ] to use mobile phones, ther... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poll_Everywhere |
In computational number theory and computational algebra , Pollard's kangaroo algorithm (also Pollard's lambda algorithm , see Naming below) is an algorithm for solving the discrete logarithm problem. The algorithm was introduced in 1978 by the number theorist John M. Pollard , in the same paper as his better-known Po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollard's_kangaroo_algorithm |
Pollen DNA barcoding is the process of identifying pollen donor plant species through the amplification and sequencing of specific, conserved regions of plant DNA . Being able to accurately identify pollen has a wide range of applications though it has been difficult in the past due to the limitations of microscopic id... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen_DNA_barcoding |
A pollen calendar is used to show the peak pollen times for different types of plant pollen, which causes allergic reactions in certain people. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
A pollen calendar can be a very useful tool in forensic science , because it can be used to place the month, or week, or date of death . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The use ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen_calendar |
A pollen tube is a tubular structure produced by the male gametophyte of seed plants when it germinates. Pollen tube elongation is an integral stage in the plant life cycle. The pollen tube acts as a conduit to transport the male gamete cells from the pollen grain —either from the stigma (in flowering plants ) to the o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen_tube |
A pollination network is a bipartite mutualistic network in which plants and pollinators are the nodes , and the pollination interactions form the links between these nodes. [ 1 ] The pollination network is bipartite as interactions only exist between two distinct, non-overlapping sets of species , but not within the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollination_network |
The pollination of orchids represents a complex aspect of the biology of this plant family , characterized by intricate flower structures and diverse ecological interactions with pollinator . Notably, the topic has garnered significant scientific interest over time, including the attention of Charles Darwin , who is re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollination_of_orchids |
Pollination syndromes are suites of flower traits that have evolved in response to natural selection imposed by different pollen vectors , which can be abiotic (wind and water) or biotic, such as birds, bees, flies, and so forth through a process called pollinator-mediated selection . [ 1 ] [ page needed ] [ 2 ] [ page... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollination_syndrome |
A pollinator is an animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower. [ 1 ] This helps to bring about fertilization of the ovules in the flower by the male gametes from the pollen grains.
Insects are the major pollinators of most plants, and insect pollinators include all famil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollinator |
Pollinator-mediated selection is an evolutionary process occurring in flowering plants , in which the foraging behavior of pollinators differentially selects for certain floral traits. [ 1 ] Flowering plant are a diverse group of plants that produce seeds. Their seeds differ from those of gymnosperms in that they are e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollinator-mediated_selection |
A pollutant or novel entity [ 1 ] is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effect, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource. These can be both naturally forming (i.e. minerals or extracted compounds like oil ) or anthropogenic in origin (i.e. manufactured materials or byprod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutant |
Pollutant-induced abnormal behaviour refers to the abnormal behaviour induced by pollutants . Chemicals released into the natural environment by humans impact the behaviour of a wide variety of animals. The main culprits are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which mimic, block, or interfere with animal hormones. A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutant-induced_abnormal_behaviour |
Polly and Molly (born 1997), two ewes , were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell and to be transgenic animals at the same time. [ 1 ] This is not to be confused with Dolly the Sheep , the first animal to be successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell where there wasn’t modif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polly_and_Molly |
Polonium-210 ( 210 Po, Po-210, historically radium F ) is an isotope of polonium . It undergoes alpha decay to stable 206 Pb with a half-life of 138.376 days (about 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 months), the longest half-life of all naturally occurring polonium isotopes ( 210–218 Po). [ 1 ] First identified in 1898, and also marking the d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium-210 |
Polonium hydride (also known as polonium dihydride , hydrogen polonide , or polane ) is a chemical compound with the formula Po H 2 . It is a liquid at room temperature, the second hydrogen chalcogenide with this property after water . It is very unstable chemically and tends to decompose into elemental polonium and hy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium_hydride |
Polony is a contraction of "polymerase colony," a small colony of DNA .
Polonies are discrete clonal amplifications of a single DNA molecule, grown in a gel matrix. This approach greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio. Polonies can be generated using several techniques that include solid-phase polymerase chain rea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polony_(biology) |
Polony sequencing is an inexpensive but highly accurate multiplex sequencing technique that can be used to “read” millions of immobilized DNA sequences in parallel. This technique was first developed by Dr. George Church 's group at Harvard Medical School . Unlike other sequencing techniques, Polony sequencing technolo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polony_sequencing |
Polophylax ( Greek : guardian of the pole ) was a southern constellation that lay where Tucana and Grus now are.
During the Renaissance several new constellations were created for recorded stars that were outside the boundaries of the existing Ptolemaic constellations. [ 1 ] Polophylax was introduced (along with the c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polophylax |
Poloxamers are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word poloxamer was coined by BASF inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 197... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloxamer |
In computer programming , a poltergeist (or gypsy wagon ) is a short-lived, typically stateless object used to perform initialization or to invoke methods in another, more permanent class. It is considered an anti-pattern . The original definition is by Michael Akroyd at the 1996 Object World West Conference: [ citatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltergeist_(computer_programming) |
Polux is a measuring device for checking the condition of wooden electricity and telephone poles. This is a specific non-destructive testing tool for wooden poles.
Polux technology is used for safety and maintenance diagnostics. The measurements enable operators to climb poles safely and check the condition of the woo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polux |
3GOY , 3Q6Z , 3Q71 , 3SE2 , 3SMI , 3SMJ , 3VFQ , 4ABK , 4ABL , 4D86 , 4F1L , 4F1Q , 4PY4
54625
547253
ENSG00000173193
ENSMUSG00000034422
Q460N5 Q8N546
Q2EMV9
NM_017554
NM_001039530
NP_060024 NP_060024.2
NP_001034619
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 14 is a protein that, in humans , is encoded by the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(adp-ribose)_polymerase_family_member_14 |
Poly(amidoamine) , or PAMAM , is a class of dendrimer which is made of repetitively branched subunits of amide and amine functionality . PAMAM dendrimers, sometimes referred to by the trade name Starburst, have been extensively studied since their synthesis in 1985, [ 1 ] and represent the most well-characterized dendr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(amidoamine) |
Poly(ethylene adipate) or PEA is an aliphatic polyester . [ 3 ] It is most commonly synthesized from a polycondensation reaction between ethylene glycol and adipic acid . [ 4 ] PEA has been studied as it is biodegradable through a variety of mechanisms and also fairly inexpensive compared to other polymers. [ 5 ] Its l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(ethylene_adipate) |
Poly( p -phenylene) ( PPP ) is made of repeating p - phenylene units, which act as the precursor to a conducting polymer of the rigid-rod polymer family. The synthesis of PPP has proven challenging, but has been accomplished through excess polycondensation with the Suzuki coupling method. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Early efforts typ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(p-phenylene) |
Poly( p -phenylene oxide) ( PPO ), poly( p -phenylene ether) ( PPE ), poly(oxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene) , often referred to simply as polyphenylene oxide , is a high-temperature thermoplastic with the general formula (C 8 H 8 O) n . It is rarely used in its pure form due to difficulties in processing. It is mainly u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(p-phenylene_oxide) |
Poly( p -phenylene vinylene) ( PPV , or polyphenylene vinylene ) is a conducting polymer of the rigid-rod polymer family. PPV is the only polymer of this type that can be processed into a highly ordered crystalline thin film. PPV and its derivatives are electrically conducting upon doping. Although insoluble in water... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(p-phenylene_vinylene) |
Poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) (variously abbreviated PPFPA , PolyPFPA , PPfpA , or PolyPfpA ) is a highly fluorinated polymer . It features the pentafluorophenyl ester functionality, from which its properties and applications result. It is most commonly used in post- polymerization modification to synthesize functio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(pentafluorophenyl_acrylate) |
Poly(phthalaldehyde) , abbreviated as PPA, is a metastable stimuli-responsive polymer first synthesized in 1967. [ 1 ] It has garnered significant attention during the past couple of years due to its ease of synthesis and outstanding transient and mechanical properties. [ 2 ] For this reason, it has been exploited for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(phthalaldehyde) |
PolyAnalyst is a data science software platform developed by Megaputer Intelligence that provides an environment for text mining , data mining , machine learning , and predictive analytics . It is used by Megaputer to build tools with applications to health care , business management , insurance , and other industries.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolyAnalyst |
Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (shortened polyDADMAC or polyDDA ), also commonly polyquaternium -6, is a homopolymer of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC). The molecular weight of polyDADMAC is typically in the range of hundreds of thousands of grams per mole, and even up to a million for some products. Po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolyDADMAC |
Poly Implant Prothèse ( PIP ) was a French company founded in 1991 that produced silicone gel breast implants . The company was preemptively liquidated in 2010 following the revelation that they had been illegally manufacturing and selling breast implants made from cheaper industrial-grade silicone since 2001 (instead ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly_Implant_Prothèse |
Polyacetylene ( IUPAC name: polyethyne ) usually refers to an organic polymer with the repeating unit [C 2 H 2 ] n . The name refers to its conceptual construction from polymerization of acetylene to give a chain with repeating olefin groups. This compound is conceptually important, as the discovery of polyacetylene an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacetylene |
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( PAGE ) is a technique widely used in biochemistry , forensic chemistry , genetics , molecular biology and biotechnology to separate biological macromolecules , usually proteins or nucleic acids , according to their electrophoretic mobility . Electrophoretic mobility is a function of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacrylamide_gel_electrophoresis |
Poly(acrylic acid) ( PAA ; trade name Carbomer ) is a polymer with the formula (CH 2 −CHCO 2 H) n . It is a derivative of acrylic acid (CH 2 =CHCO 2 H). In addition to the homopolymers , a variety of copolymers and crosslinked polymers, and partially deprotonated derivatives thereof, are known and of commercial value. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacrylic_acid |
Polyaddition A polymerization in which the growth of polymer chains proceeds by addition reactions between molecules of all degrees of polymerization.
Notes:
1. The growth steps are expressed by:
P x +P y → P x+y {x}∈{1,2,…∞};{y}∈{1,2,…∞}
where P x and P y denote chains of degrees of polymerization x and y, res... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyaddition |
In differential geometry and mathematical physics (especially string theory ), the Polyakov formula expresses the conformal variation of the zeta functional determinant of a Riemannian manifold . Proposed by Alexander Markovich Polyakov this formula arose in the study of the quantum theory of strings. The corresponding... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyakov_formula |
In quantum field theory , the Polyakov loop is the thermal analogue of the Wilson loop , acting as an order parameter for confinement in pure gauge theories at nonzero temperatures . In particular, it is a Wilson loop that winds around the compactified Euclidean temporal direction of a thermal quantum field theory . It... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyakov_loop |
Polyalkylimide is a polymer whose structure contains no free monomers . It is used in permanent dermal fillers to treat soft tissue deficits such as facial lipoatrophy , [ 1 ] gluteal atrophy, acne , and scars . [ 2 ]
In plastic and reconstructive surgery it is used for building facial volume in the cheeks , chin , ja... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyalkylimide |
Polyaminopropyl biguanide ( PAPB ) is a polymer containing biguanide group connected with a three methylene (propyl) linker. The polymer is a propyl analogue of polyhexamethylene biguanide . The polymer display some antibacterial activity however much lower than PHMB. [ 1 ] As of May 2024, PAPB is not approved as a bio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyaminopropyl_biguanide |
Polyamorphism is the ability of a substance to exist in several different amorphous modifications. It is analogous to the polymorphism of crystalline materials. Many amorphous substances can exist with different amorphous characteristics (e.g. polymers). However, polyamorphism requires two distinct amorphous states wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamorphism |
Polyampholytes are polymers that contain both positively charged (cationic) and negatively charged (anionic) functional groups within the same molecule. Their unique structure allows them to exhibit amphoteric behavior, meaning they can interact with a range of substances depending on the surrounding pH, making them us... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyampholytes |
Polyane is a French trademark for insulating and waterproof plastic films used in construction, registered in 1965.
Henri Piat , [ 1 ] a mechanical enthusiast, collaborated with the owner of Société Plastique Soudé , J.-E. Mazuyer and started a new company, Company of Transformation of Synthesis Products, later known ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyane |
Polyanhydrides are a class of biodegradable polymers characterized by anhydride bonds that connect repeat units of the polymer backbone chain . Their main application is in the medical device and pharmaceutical industry. In vivo , polyanhydrides degrade into non-toxic diacid monomers that can be metabolized and elimina... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyanhydride |
Polyaniline ( PANI ) is a conducting polymer and organic semiconductor of the semi-flexible rod polymer family. The compound has been of interest since the 1980s because of its electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. Polyaniline is one of the most studied conducting polymers. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Polyaniline was dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyaniline |
Polyaspartic ester chemistry was first introduced in the early 1990s making it a relatively new technology. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The patents were issued to Bayer in Germany and Miles Corporation in the United States . It utilizes the aza- Michael addition reaction. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] These products are then used in coatings , ad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyaspartic_esters |
A polyatomic ion (also known as a molecular ion ) is a covalent bonded set of two or more atoms , or of a metal complex , that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that usually has a net charge that is not zero, [ 1 ] or in special case of zwitterion wear spatially separated charges where the net charge may... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyatomic_ion |
Polybasic may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybasic |
Polybius is an urban legend about a lost video game. According to the legend, a new game appeared in arcades around Portland, Oregon , in 1981. The gameplay was supposedly psychoactive , abstract, and dangerous. Children who played the arcade game were said to suffer from amnesia, seizures, night terrors , and hallucin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybius_(urban_legend) |
Polybrominated biphenyls ( PBBs ), also called brominated biphenyls or polybromobiphenyls , are a group of manufactured chemicals that consist of polyhalogenated derivatives of a biphenyl core. Their chlorine analogs are the PCBs . While once widely used commercially, PBBs are now controlled substances under the Restri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybrominated_biphenyl |
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers or PBDEs , are a class of organobromine compounds that are used as flame retardants . Like other brominated flame retardants , PBDEs have been used in a wide array of products, including building materials, electronics, furnishings, motor vehicles, airplanes, plastics, polyurethane foams,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybrominated_diphenyl_ethers |
Polybutadiene [butadiene rubber, BR] is a synthetic rubber . It offers high elasticity, high resistance to wear, good strength even without fillers , and excellent abrasion resistance when filled and vulcanized. "Polybutadiene" is a collective name for homopolymers formed from the polymerization of the monomer 1,3-buta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybutadiene |
Polybutene is an organic polymer made from a mixture of 1-butene , 2-butene , and isobutylene . Ethylene steam cracker C4s are also used as supplemental feed for polybutene. It is similar to polyisobutylene (PIB), which is produced from essentially pure isobutylene made in a C4 complex of a major refinery. The presen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybutene |
Polycaprolactone ( PCL ) is a synthetic, semi-crystalline, biodegradable polyester with a melting point of about 60 °C and a glass transition temperature of about −60 °C. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The most common use of polycaprolactone is in the production of speciality polyurethanes . Polycaprolactones impart good resistance to wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycaprolactone |
Polycarbonyl , (also known as polymeric-CO , p-CO or poly-CO ) is a solid, metastable , and explosive polymer of carbon monoxide . [ 1 ] The polymer is produced by exposing carbon monoxide to high pressures. The structure of the solid appears amorphous , but may include a zigzag of equally-spaced CO groups . [ 2 ]
Po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarbonyl |
Polycarboxylates are organic compounds with several carboxylic acid groups. Butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate is one example. Often, polycarboxylate refers to linear polymers with a high molecular mass (M r ≤ 100 000) and with many carboxylate groups. They are polymers of acrylic acid or copolymers of acrylic acid and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarboxylates |
A polycatenane is a chemical substance that, like polymers , is chemically constituted by a large number of units. [ 2 ] These units are made up of concatenated rings into a chain-like structure.
It consists of mechanically linked catenane [ 3 ] structures, via topological Hopf links , resulting in a higher dimensiona... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycatenane |
Polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) are organochlorine compounds with the formula C 12 H 10− x Cl x ; they were once widely used in the manufacture of carbonless copy paper, as heat transfer fluids , and as dielectric and coolant fluids for electrical equipment. [ 2 ] They are highly toxic and carcinogenic chemical comp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl |
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins ( PCDDs ), or simply dioxins , are a group of long-lived polyhalogenated organic compounds that are primarily anthropogenic, and contribute toxic, persistent organic pollution in the environment. [ 1 ]
They are commonly but inaccurately referred to as dioxins for simplicity, because ever... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_dibenzodioxins |
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans ( PCDFs ) are a family of organic compounds with one or several of the hydrogens in the dibenzofuran structure replaced by chlorines. For example, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) has chlorine atoms substituted for each of the hydrogens on the number 2, 3, 7, and 8 carbons (see struc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_dibenzofurans |
Polychlorinated naphthalene ( PCN ) are the products obtained upon treatment of naphthalene with chlorine . The generic chemical formula is C 10 H 8−(m+n) Cl (m+n) . Commercial PCNs are mixtures of up to 75 components and byproducts. [ 1 ] The material is an oil or a waxy solid, depending on the degree of chlorination... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_naphthalene |
Polychloro phenoxy phenols (polychlorinated phenoxy phenols, PCPPs) are a group of organic polyhalogenated compounds . Among them include triclosan and predioxin which can degrade to produce certains types of dioxins and furans . [ 1 ] Notably, however, the particular dioxin formed by degradation of triclosan, 2,8-DCD... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychloro_phenoxy_phenol |
Polychotomous key refers to the number of alternatives which a decision point may have in a non-temporal hierarchy of independent variables. The number of alternatives are equivalent to the root or nth root of a mathematical or logical variable. [ citation needed ] Decision points or independent variables with two stat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychotomous_key |
Polychromatic symmetry is a colour symmetry which interchanges three or more colours in a symmetrical pattern. It is a natural extension of dichromatic symmetry . The coloured symmetry groups are derived by adding to the position coordinates ( x and y in two dimensions, x , y and z in three dimensions) an extra coordin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychromatic_symmetry |
Polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) are antibodies that are secreted by different B cell lineages within the body (whereas monoclonal antibodies come from a single cell lineage). They are a collection of immunoglobulin molecules that react against a specific antigen , each identifying a different epitope .
The general proced... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyclonal_antibodies |
X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is the phenomenon that has been selected during the evolution to balance X-linked gene dosage between XX females and XY males. [ 1 ]
XCI is usually divided in two phases, the establishment phase when gene silencing is reversible, and maintenance phase when gene silencing becomes irrever... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycomb_recruitment_in_X_chromosome_inactivation |
A Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( PAH ) is any member of a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple fused aromatic rings . Most are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter — by engine exhaust fumes, tobacco, incinerators, in roasted meats and cereals, [ 1 ] or when biomass burns at lowe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon |
Polydactyly-myopia syndrome , also known as Czeizel-Brooser syndrome , is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by post-axial polydactyly on all 4 limbs and progressive myopia . [ 1 ] Additional symptoms include bilateral congenital inguinal hernia and undescended testes. [ 2 ] It has only been described ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polydactyly-myopia_syndrome |
Polydicyclopentadiene ( PDCPD ) is a polymer material which is formed through ring-opening metathesis polymerization [ 2 ] (ROMP) of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD). PDCPD exhibits high crosslinking , which grants its properties, such as high impact resistance , good chemical corrosion resistance, and high heat deflection tem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polydicyclopentadiene |
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