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In Bayesian inference , plate notation is a method of representing variables that repeat in a graphical model . Instead of drawing each repeated variable individually, a plate or rectangle is used to group variables into a subgraph that repeat together, and a number is drawn on the plate to represent the number of rep... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_notation |
A plate rolling machine is a machine that will roll different kinds of sheet metal into a round or conical shape.
It can be also called a “roll bending machine”, “ plate bending machine ” or “rolling machine”.
There are different kinds of technology to roll the metal plate:
The flat metal plate is placed in the machi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_rolling_machine |
In mathematics , Plateau's problem is to show the existence of a minimal surface with a given boundary, a problem raised by Joseph-Louis Lagrange in 1760. However, it is named after Joseph Plateau who experimented with soap films . The problem is considered part of the calculus of variations . The existence and regul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau's_problem |
A plateau of a function is a part of its domain where the function has constant value.
More formally, let U , V be topological spaces . A plateau for a function f : U → V is a path-connected set of points P of U such that for some y we have
for all p in P .
Plateaus can be observed in mathematical models as well as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau_(mathematics) |
In fluid dynamics , the Plateau–Rayleigh instability , often just called the Rayleigh instability , explains why and how a falling stream of fluid breaks up into smaller packets with the same total volume but less surface area per droplet. It is related to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability and is part of a greater branch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau–Rayleigh_instability |
Platelets or thrombocytes (from Ancient Greek θρόμβος ( thrómbos ) ' clot ' and κύτος ( kútos ) ' cell ' ) are a part of blood whose function (along with the coagulation factors ) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping to form a blood clot . [ 1 ] Platelets have no cell nucleus ; they are fragment... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet |
Platelet-derived growth factor receptors ( PDGF-R ) are cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors for members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family. PDGF subunits -A and -B are important factors regulating cell proliferation , cellular differentiation , cell growth , development and many diseases including c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor_receptor |
A platform-specific model is a model of a software or business system that is linked to a specific technological platform (e.g. a specific programming language , operating system , document file format or database ). Platform-specific models are indispensable for the actual implementation of a system.
For example, if ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform-specific_model |
Platform capitalism refers to the activities of companies such as Google , Facebook , Apple , Microsoft , Uber , Airbnb , Amazon and others to operate as platforms. In this business model both hardware and software are used as a foundation (platform) for other actors to conduct their own business. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Platform... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_capitalism |
Platform engineering is a software engineering discipline focused on the development of self-service toolchains , services, and processes to create an internal developer platform (IDP). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The shared IDP can be utilized by software development teams, enabling them to innovate. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
Platform engin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_engineering |
A platform gap (also known technically as the platform train interface or PTI in some countries) is the space between a train car (or other mass transit vehicle ) and the edge of the station platform , often created by geometric constraints, historic legacies, or use of partially compatible equipment. [ 1 ]
Many high-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_gap |
Platform screen doors ( PSDs ), also known as platform edge doors ( PEDs ), are used at some train , rapid transit and people mover stations to separate the platform from train tracks, as well as on some bus rapid transit , tram and light rail systems. Primarily used for passenger safety, [ 1 ] they are a relatively ne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_screen_doors |
A platform supply vessel ( PSV ) is a ship specially designed to supply offshore oil and gas platforms and other offshore installations. [ 1 ] They typically range from 50 to 100 metres (160 to 330 ft) in length and are distinguished by the large open deck area used to store supplies and house equipment and to allow fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_supply_vessel |
Plating is a finishing process in which a metal is deposited on a surface. Plating has been done for hundreds of years; it is also critical for modern technology. Plating is used to decorate objects, for corrosion inhibition, to improve solderability, to harden, to improve wearability, to reduce friction, to improve pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plating |
Platinum-195 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( platinum NMR or 195 Pt NMR ) is a spectroscopic technique which is used for the detection and characterisation of platinum compounds . The sensitivity of the technique and therefore its diagnostic utility have increased significantly starting from the 1970s, with 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum-195_nuclear_magnetic_resonance |
Platinum-based antineoplastic drugs (informally called platins ) are chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer . Their active moieties are coordination complexes of platinum . These drugs are used to treat almost half of people receiving chemotherapy for cancer. In this form of chemotherapy , commonly used drugs in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum-based_antineoplastic |
Platinum silicide , also known as platinum monosilicide, is the inorganic compound with the formula PtSi. It is a semiconductor that turns into a superconductor when cooled to 0.8 K. [ 3 ]
The crystal structure of PtSi is orthorhombic, with each silicon atom having six neighboring platinum atoms. The distances between... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum_silicide |
Platinum-samarium is a binary inorganic compound of platinum and samarium with the chemical formula PtSm. [ 1 ] This intermetallic compound forms crystals.
Fusion of stoichiometric amounts of pure substances:
Platinum-samarium forms crystals of rhombic crystal system , space group P nma , cell parameters a = 0.7148 n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum–samarium |
In organic chemistry , a Platonic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon whose structure matches one of the five Platonic solids , with carbon atoms replacing its vertices, carbon–carbon bonds replacing its edges, and hydrogen atoms as needed. [ 1 ] [ page needed ]
Not all Platonic solids have molecular hydrocarbon counterparts... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_hydrocarbon |
Platynereis dumerilii is a species of annelid polychaete worm. [ 3 ] It was originally placed into the genus Nereis [ 1 ] and later reassigned to the genus Platynereis . [ 4 ] Platynereis dumerilii lives in coastal marine waters from temperate to tropical zones. It can be found in a wide range from the Azores , the Med... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platynereis_dumerilii |
Plausible reasoning is a method of deriving new conclusions from given known premises , a method different from the classical syllogistic argumentation methods of Aristotelian two-valued logic . The syllogistic style of argumentation is illustrated by the oft-quoted argument "All men are mortal, Socrates is a man, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plausible_reasoning |
PlayCanvas is an open-source [ 1 ] 3D game engine/interactive 3D application engine alongside a proprietary cloud-hosted creation platform that allows for simultaneous editing from multiple computers via a browser-based interface. [ 2 ] It runs in modern browsers that support WebGL , including Mozilla Firefox and Googl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayCanvas |
Play is a range of intrinsically motivated activities done for recreation . [ 1 ] Play is commonly associated with children and juvenile-level activities, but may be engaged in at any life stage, and among other higher-functioning animals as well, most notably mammals and birds .
Play is often interpreted as frivolous... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Play_(activity) |
Play is a range of intrinsically motivated activities done for recreation . [ 1 ] Play is commonly associated with children and juvenile-level activities, but may be engaged in at any life stage, and among other higher-functioning animals as well, most notably mammals and birds .
Play is often interpreted as frivolous... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playful |
Play is a range of intrinsically motivated activities done for recreation . [ 1 ] Play is commonly associated with children and juvenile-level activities, but may be engaged in at any life stage, and among other higher-functioning animals as well, most notably mammals and birds .
Play is often interpreted as frivolous... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playfulness |
Playing God was a 2012 BBC documentary in the Horizon series, hosted by Adam Rutherford . The documentary discusses synthetic biology , the potential of science "breaking down nature into spare parts" and then rebuilding it back up as we wish. [ 1 ]
Adam Rutherford has been studying the emerging field of synthetic bio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playing_God_(2012_film) |
Playing with Infinity: Mathematical Explorations and Excursions ( German : Das Spiel mit dem Unendlichen ) is a popular mathematics book by Hungarian mathematician Rózsa Péter , published in German in 1955 and in English in 1961.
Playing with Infinity was originally written in 1943 by mathematician Rózsa Péter , [ 1 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playing_with_Infinity |
Plazes AG was a Berlin, Germany-based geosocial networking site. Plazes allowed users to post their location and current activities and share this information with other Plazes users via computers or mobile telephones. On 23 June 2008, Nokia Corporation announced plans to acquire Plazes. [ 1 ] Plazes was subsequently... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plazes |
The Plebanski tensor is an order 4 tensor in general relativity constructed from the trace-free Ricci tensor . It was first defined by Jerzy Plebański in 1964. [ 1 ]
Let S a b {\displaystyle S_{ab}} be the trace-free Ricci tensor:
Then the Plebanski tensor is defined as
The advantage of the Plebanski tensor is that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plebanski_tensor |
A Plectron is a specialized VHF / UHF single-channel, emergency alerting radio receiver , used to activate emergency response personnel, and disaster warning systems. Manufactured from the late 1950s, through the late 1990s, by the now defunct Plectron Corporation in Overton, Nebraska , hundreds of thousands of these r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectron |
Pledge and review is a method for facilitating international action against climate change . It involves nations each making a self-determined pledge relating to actions they expect to take in response to global warming, which they submit to the United Nations . Some time after the pledges have been submitted, there is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pledge_and_review |
The Pleiades ( / ˈ p l iː ə d iː z , ˈ p l eɪ -, ˈ p l aɪ -/ ; [ 1 ] Ancient Greek : Πλειάδες , Ancient Greek pronunciation: [pleːádes] ), were the seven sister- nymphs , companions of Artemis , the goddess of the hunt. [ 2 ] Together with their sisters, the Hyades , they were sometimes called the Atlantides, Dodonides... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology) |
The Pleiades Phenomenon refers to the chance encounter between a star and an interstellar cloud of dust that leads to the appearance of a reflection nebulosity with characteristics similar to those observed in the Pleiades open star cluster. [ 1 ] This contrasts against reflection nebulae surrounding young stars where ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades_Phenomenon |
The high visibility of the star cluster Pleiades in the night sky and its position along the ecliptic (which approximates to the Solar System 's common planetary plane) has given it importance in many cultures, ancient and modern. Its heliacal rising , which moves through the seasons over millennia (see precession ) wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades_in_folklore_and_literature |
Pleiotropy (from Ancient Greek πλείων ( pleíōn ) ' more ' and τρόπος ( trópos ) ' turn, way, manner, style ' ) is a condition in which a single gene or genetic variant influences multiple phenotypic traits . A gene that has such multiple effects is referred to as a pleiotropic gene . Mutations in pleiotropic genes can ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotropy |
In pharmacology , pleiotropy includes all of a drug's actions other than those for which the agent was specifically developed. [ 1 ] It may include adverse effects which are detrimental ones, [ 1 ] but is often used to denote additional beneficial effects. [ 2 ]
For example, statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotropy_(drugs) |
Pleochroism is an optical phenomenon in which a substance has different colors when observed at different angles, especially with polarized light. [ 1 ]
The roots of the word are from Greek (from Ancient Greek πλέων ( pléōn ) ' more ' and and χρῶμα ( khrôma ) ' color ' ). It was first made compound in the German term ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleochroism |
In medicine , pleocytosis (or pleiocytosis ) is an increased cell count (from Greek pleion , "more"), particularly an increase in white blood cell count, in a bodily fluid, such as cerebrospinal fluid . [ 1 ] It is often defined specifically as an increased white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid. [ 2 ]
Increase... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocytosis |
Pleometrosis is a behavior observed in social insects where colony formation is initiated by multiple queens primarily by the same species of insect. This type of behavior has been mainly studied in ants but also occurs in wasps , bees , and termites . This behavior is of significant interest to scientists particularly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleometrosis |
Pleomorphism is a term used in histology and cytopathology to describe variability in the size, shape and staining of cells and/or their nuclei . Several key determinants of cell and nuclear size, like ploidy and the regulation of cellular metabolism , are commonly disrupted in tumors . [ 1 ] Therefore, cellular and n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleomorphism_(cytology) |
In phylogenetics , a plesiomorphy ("near form") and symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade , which does not distinguish the clade from other clades.
Plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, apomorphy, and synapomorphy all mean a trait shared between species because they share an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesiomorphy_and_symplesiomorphy |
In algebra, plethysm is an operation on symmetric functions introduced by Dudley E. Littlewood , [ 1 ] who denoted it by { λ } ⊗ { μ }. The word "plethysm" for this operation (after the Greek word πληθυσμός meaning "multiplication") was introduced later by Littlewood ( 1950 , p. 289, 1950b , p.274), who said that the n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plethysm |
A plethysmograph is an instrument for measuring changes in volume within an organ or whole body (usually resulting from fluctuations in the amount of blood or air it contains). The word is derived from the Greek "plethysmos" (increasing, enlarging, becoming full), and "graphein" (to write). [ 1 ]
Pulmonary plethysmogr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plethysmograph |
In mathematics , the plethystic exponential is a certain operator defined on (formal) power series which, like the usual exponential function , translates addition into multiplication. This exponential operator appears naturally in the theory of symmetric functions , as a concise relation between the generating series ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plethystic_exponential |
Plethystic substitution is a shorthand notation for a common kind of substitution in the algebra of symmetric functions and that of symmetric polynomials . It is essentially basic substitution of variables, but allows for a change in the number of variables used.
The formal definition of plethystic substitution relie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plethystic_substitution |
The Pleuger rudder (also known as a Dutch rudder ) is a power assisted ship's rudder . It creates a flow of water in the direction the rudder points powered by an auxiliary electric motor. This aids maneuverability at low speeds greatly, since it operates on a similar principle to a thruster .
A ducted propeller is m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleuger_rudder |
Pleuran is an insoluble polysaccharide ( β-(1,3/1,6)-D-glucan ), isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus . [ 1 ]
Pleuran belongs to a group of glucose polymers commonly called beta-glucans demonstrating biological response modifier properties. These immunomodulating properties render the host more resistant to infections an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleuran |
In cellular biology , plithotaxis (from Greek πλήΘος (plíthos) ' crowd, swarm ' ) is the tendency for each individual cell within a monolayer to migrate along the local orientation of the maximal principal stress , or equivalently, minimal intercellular shear stress . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Plithotaxis requires force transm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plithotaxis |
Ploidy ( / ˈ p l ɔɪ d i / ) is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell , and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes . Here sets of chromosomes refers to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respectively, in each homologous chromosome pair—the form in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidy |
The Plop Boot Manager is a proprietary bootloader written by Elmar Hanlhofer. Plop Boot Manager can make computers boot from media that the original BIOS has no support for, such as USB or IDE CD/DVDs. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Optionally, Plop can be installed directly onto the hard disk of a computer. [ 3 ]
This software article ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plop_Boot_Manager |
In ecology , plot sampling is a widely used method of abundance estimation in which specific areas, or plots, are selected from within a survey region and sampled. This approach allows scientists to make population estimates using statistical techniques such as the Horvitz–Thompson estimator . Plot sampling is general... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_sampling |
In the mathematics of coding theory , the Plotkin bound , named after Morris Plotkin, is a limit (or bound) on the maximum possible number of codewords in binary codes of given length n and given minimum distance d .
A code is considered "binary" if the codewords use symbols from the binary alphabet { 0 , 1 } {\displa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plotkin_bound |
The backstaff is a navigational instrument that was used to measure the altitude of a celestial body , in particular the Sun or Moon . When observing the Sun, users kept the Sun to their back (hence the name) and observed the shadow cast by the upper vane on a horizon vane. It was invented by the English navigator John... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plough_(instrument) |
plug.dj was an interactive online social music streaming website based in Los Angeles , owned by Rowl, Inc. [ 1 ] The site was "dedicated to growing positive international communities for sharing and discovering music". It was a free service with microtransactions , and had over 3 million registered accounts. The websi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug.dj |
A plug in sanitation is an object that is used to close a drainage outlet firmly.
The insertion of a plug into a drainage outlet allows the container to be filled with water or other fluids. In contrast to screw on caps, plugs are pushed into the hole and are not put over the hole.
Plugs are most commonly encountered... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_(sanitation) |
A plug door is a door designed to seal itself by taking advantage of pressure difference on its two sides and is typically used on aircraft with cabin pressurization . The higher pressure on one side forces the usually wedge -shaped door into its socket to create a seal, which prevents it from being opened until the pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_door |
In fluid mechanics , plug flow is a simple model of the velocity profile of a fluid flowing in a pipe . In plug flow, the velocity of the fluid is assumed to be constant across any cross-section of the pipe perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. The plug flow model assumes there is no boundary layer adjacent to the i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_flow |
The plug flow reactor model ( PFR , sometimes called continuous tubular reactor , CTR , or piston flow reactors ) is a model used to describe chemical reactions in continuous, flowing systems of cylindrical geometry. The PFR model is used to predict the behavior of chemical reactors of such design, so that key reactor ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_flow_reactor_model |
The plum pudding model is an obsolete scientific model of the atom . It was first proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 following his discovery of the electron in 1897, and was rendered obsolete by Ernest Rutherford 's discovery of the atomic nucleus in 1911. The model tried to account for two properties of atoms then know... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_pudding_model |
A plumb bob , plumb bob level , or plummet , is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on the bottom, suspended from a string and used as a vertical direction as a reference line, or plumb-line . It is a precursor to the spirit level and used to establish a vertical datum . It is typically made of stone, wood, or lead, b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumb_bob |
In chemistry , a plumbate often refers to compounds that can be viewed as derivatives of the hypothetical PbO 2− 3 anion.
Salts of ([PbI 3 ] − ) n , [Pb 6 I 16 ] 4− , [Pb 18 I 44 ] 8− , etc. are labeled as iodoplumbates. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Lead perovskite semiconductors are often described as plumbates. [ 3 ]
Plumbates are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbate |
Plumbide is an anion of lead atoms. There are three plumbide anions, written as Pb − , Pb 2− and Pb 4− with 3 oxidation states , −1, −2 and −4, respectively.
A plumbide can refer to one of two things: an intermetallic compound that contains lead , or a Zintl phase compound with lead as the anion.
Plumbides can be form... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbide |
Plumbosolvency is the ability of a solvent , notably water , to dissolve lead . In the public supply of water this is an undesirable property. In (usually older) consumers' premises plumbosolvent water can attack lead pipes, lead service lines , and any lead in solder used to join copper.
Plumbosolvency of water can b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbosolvency |
In hydrodynamics , a plume or a column is a vertical body of one fluid moving through another. Several effects control the motion of the fluid, including momentum (inertia), diffusion and buoyancy (density differences). Pure jets and pure plumes define flows that are driven entirely by momentum and buoyancy effects, re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plume_(fluid_dynamics) |
In hydrodynamics , a plume or a column is a vertical body of one fluid moving through another. Several effects control the motion of the fluid, including momentum (inertia), diffusion and buoyancy (density differences). Pure jets and pure plumes define flows that are driven entirely by momentum and buoyancy effects, re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plume_impingement |
The Plummer model or Plummer sphere is a density law that was first used by H. C. Plummer to fit observations of globular clusters . [ 1 ] It is now often used as toy model in N-body simulations of stellar systems.
The Plummer 3-dimensional density profile is given by ρ P ( r ) = 3 M 0 4 π a 3 ( 1 + r 2 a 2 ) − 5 / 2 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plummer_model |
A plunge pool (or plunge basin or waterfall lake ) is a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall or shut-in . It is created by the erosional forces of cascading water on the rocks at the formation's base where the water impacts. [ 1 ] The term may refer to the water occupying the depression, or the de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plunge_pool |
A plunger is a cylindrical rod used to transmit hydraulic compression force . It is characterized by its length being much greater than its diameter , and it is thus distinguished from a regular piston (where the working surface is larger than the thickness of the rod, i.e. more like a disk ). [ 1 ]
They are mainly us... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plunger_(hydraulics) |
A plunger lift is an artificial lift method of deliquifying a natural gas well . A plunger is used to remove contaminants from productive natural gas wells, such as water (in liquid, mist, or ice forms), sand, oil and wax.
The basics of the plunger is to open and close the well shutoff valve at the optimum times, to b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plunger_lift |
The Circle of Reason ( TCOR ) is a Twin Cities , Minnesota -based international society of theists , atheists , conservatives , and liberals who espouse the social philosophy of pluralistic rationalism (also plurationalism or methodological rationalism ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ]
Pluralistic rationali... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluralistic_Rationalism |
The pluriblast is a pluripotent population of cells in the embryogenesis of marsupials , called the inner cell mass in eutherians . [ 1 ] The pluriblast is distinct from the trophoblast , and gives rise to the germ layers of the embryo , as well as extra embryonic endoderm and extra embryonic mesoderm . Both the pluri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluriblast |
A plurimeter is a hand-held measuring instrument for determining surface area or relative angles between surfaces. The device uses mechanical action for calculating the result, analogous to a slide rule . In modern technology, these results are computed by calculator or computer rather than by mechanical instrument.
T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurimeter |
The pluripotency of biological compounds describes the ability of certain substances to produce several distinct biological responses. Pluripotent is also described as something that has no fixed developmental potential, as in being able to differentiate into different cell types in the case of pluripotent stem cells. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluripotency_(biological_compounds) |
The plus–minus sign or plus-or-minus sign ( ± ) and the complementary minus-or-plus sign ( ∓ ) are symbols with broadly similar multiple meanings.
Other meanings occur in other fields, including medicine, engineering , chemistry , electronics , linguistics , and philosophy.
A version of the sign, including also the F... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus–minus_sign |
In astronomy , the plutinos are a dynamical group of trans-Neptunian objects that orbit in 2:3 mean-motion resonance with Neptune . This means that for every two orbits a plutino makes, Neptune orbits three times. The dwarf planet Pluto is the largest member as well as the namesake of this group. The next largest membe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutino |
Plutonium-239 ( 239 Pu or Pu-239 ) is an isotope of plutonium . Plutonium-239 is the primary fissile isotope used for the production of nuclear weapons , although uranium-235 is also used for that purpose. Plutonium-239 is also one of the three main isotopes demonstrated usable as fuel in thermal spectrum nuclear reac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium-239 |
Plutonium(II) hydride
Plutonium hydride is a non-stoichiometric chemical compound with the formula PuH 2+x . It is one of two characterized hydrides of plutonium; the other is PuH 3 . [ 1 ] PuH 2+x is non-stoichiometric with a composition range of PuH 2 – PuH 2.7 . Metastable stoichiometries with an excess of hydrogen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium_hydride |
Since the mid-20th century, plutonium in the environment has been primarily produced by human activity. The first plants to produce plutonium for use in Cold War atomic bombs were the Hanford nuclear site in Washington, and the Mayak nuclear plant , in Chelyabinsk Oblast , Russia . Over a period of four decades, [ 1 ] ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium_in_the_environment |
Plutonium selenide is a binary inorganic compound of plutonium and selenium with the chemical formula PuSe. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The compound forms black crystals and does not dissolve in water.
Reaction of diplutonium triselenide and plutonium trihydride:
Fusion of stoichiometric amounts of pure substances:
Plutonium seleni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium_selenide |
Plutonium silicide is a binary inorganic compound of plutonium and silicon with the chemical formula PuSi. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The compound forms gray crystals.
Reaction of plutonium dioxide and silicon carbide :
Reaction of plutonium trifluoride with silicon:
Plutonium silicide forms gray crystals of orthorhombic cry... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium_silicide |
In two-or-more-player sequential games , a ply is one turn taken by one of the players. The word is used to clarify what is meant when one might otherwise say "turn".
The word "turn" can be a problem since it means different things in different traditions. For example, in standard chess terminology, one move consist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ply_(game_theory) |
A ply is a layer of material which has been combined with other layers in order to provide strength. The number of layers is indicated by prefixing a number, for example 4-ply, indicating material composed of 4 layers.
The word "ply" derives from the French verb plier , [ 1 ] "to fold", from the Latin verb plico , fro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ply_(layer) |
In geometry , Plücker's conoid is a ruled surface named after the German mathematician Julius Plücker . It is also called a conical wedge or cylindroid ; however, the latter name is ambiguous, as "cylindroid" may also refer to an elliptic cylinder .
Plücker's conoid is the surface defined by the function of two variab... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plücker's_conoid |
In geometry , Plücker coordinates , introduced by Julius Plücker in the 19th century, are a way to assign six homogeneous coordinates to each line in projective 3-space , P 3 {\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{3}} . Because they satisfy a quadratic constraint, they establish a one-to-one correspondence between the 4-dime... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plücker_coordinates |
Promethium(III) oxide is a compound with the formula Pm 2 O 3 . It is the most common form of promethium .
Promethium oxide exists in three major crystalline forms: [ 1 ]
*a, b and c are lattice parameters, Z is the number of formula units per unit cell, density is calculated from X-ray data.
The low-temperature cub... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pm2O3 |
Promethium(III) chloride is a chemical compound of promethium and chlorine with the formula PmCl 3 . It is an ionic, water soluble, crystalline salt that glows in the dark with a pale blue or green light due to promethium's intense radioactivity.
Promethium(III) chloride is obtained from promethium(III) oxide by heati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PmCl3 |
Promethium(III) fluoride or promethium trifluoride is a salt of promethium and fluorine with the formula PmF 3 .
Promethium(III) fluoride is sparingly soluble in water. It reacts with metallic lithium to yield lithium fluoride and metallic promethium: [ 3 ]
This inorganic compound –related article is a stub . You can... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PmF3 |
A pneumatic barrier is a method to contain oil spills . It is also called a bubble curtain . Air bubbling through a perforated pipe causes an upward water flow that slows the spread of oil. It can also be used to stop fish from entering polluted water . A further application of the pneumatic barrier is to decrease the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_barrier |
A pneumatic bladder is an inflatable ( pneumatic ) bag technology with many applications.
Pneumatic bladders are used to seal drains and ducts to contain chemical spills or gases. Pneumatic bladders are often used for the containment of chemical spills, oil spills or fire water on water to prevent them from entering t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_bladder |
In the history of science , pneumatic chemistry is an area of scientific research of the seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth centuries. Important goals of this work were the understanding of the physical properties of gases and how they relate to chemical reactions and, ultimately, the composition of matter .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_chemistry |
Pneumatic cylinder , also known as air cylinder , is a mechanical device which uses the power of compressed gas to produce a force in a reciprocating linear motion. [ 1 ] : 85
Like in a hydraulic cylinder , something forces a piston to move in the desired direction. The piston is a disc or cylinder, and the piston rod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_cylinder |
Pneumatic fracturing is a method that has become very popular in the last ten years used to remediate contaminated sites . The method consists of injecting gas into a contaminated subsurface at a pressure higher than that of the gases that are present. By doing this fractures "spider-web" throughout the subsurface so t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_fracturing |
A pneumatic gripper is a specific type of pneumatic actuator that typically involves either parallel or angular motion of surfaces, A.K.A. “tooling jaws or fingers” that will grip an object. The gripper makes use of compressed air which powers a piston rod inside the tool.Grippers exist both internal with and external... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_gripper |
A pneumatic motor ( air motor ), or compressed-air engine , is a type of motor which does mechanical work by expanding compressed air . Pneumatic motors generally convert the compressed-air energy to mechanical work through either linear or rotary motion. Linear motion can come from either a diaphragm or piston actuat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_motor |
A Pneumatic stabilized platform (PSP) is a technology used to float a very large floating structure (VLFS).
PSP utilizes indirect displacement, in which a platform rests on trapped air that displaces the water. The primary buoyancy force is provided by air pressure acting on the underside of the deck. The PSP is a dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_stabilized_platform |
Legend
The pnictogens [ 1 ] ( / ˈ p n ɪ k t ə dʒ ə n / or / ˈ n ɪ k t ə dʒ ə n / ; from Ancient Greek πνῑ́γω (pnígo) ' to choke ' and -gen ' generator ' ) are the chemical elements in group 15 of the periodic table . This group is also known as the nitrogen group or nitrogen family . Group 15 consists of the elements ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pnictogen |
In chemistry , a pnictogen bond ( PnB ) is a non-covalent interaction , occurring where there is a net attractive force between an electrophilic region on a 'donor' pnictogen atom (Pn) in a molecule, and a nucleophilic region on an 'acceptor' atom, which may be in the same or another molecule. [ 1 ] Closely related to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pnictogen_bond |
Phosphates are the naturally occurring form of the element phosphorus . [ 2 ]
In chemistry , a phosphate is an anion , salt , functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid . It most commonly means orthophosphate , a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 .
The phosphate or ort... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po4 |
Polonium dichloride is a chemical compound of the radioactive metalloid , polonium and chlorine . Its chemical formula is PoCl 2 . It is an ionic salt.
Polonium dichloride appears to crystallise with an orthorhombic unit cell in either the P 222, P mm2 or Pmmm space group , although this is likely a pseudo-cell. Alter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PoCl2 |
Polonium hexafluoride ( PoF 6 ) is a possible chemical compound of polonium and fluorine and one of the seventeen known binary hexafluorides . [ 1 ]
The synthesis of PoF 6 via the reaction
was attempted in 1945, but the attempt was unsuccessful. The boiling point was predicted to be about −40 °C. [ 2 ]
208 PoF 6 was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PoF6 |
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