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The Poynting–Robertson effect , also known as Poynting–Robertson drag , named after John Henry Poynting and Howard P. Robertson , is a process by which solar radiation causes a dust grain orbiting a star to lose angular momentum relative to its orbit around the star. This is related to radiation pressure tangential to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poynting–Robertson_effect |
The pozzolanic activity is a measure for the degree of reaction over time or the reaction rate between a pozzolan and Ca 2+ or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) in the presence of water. The rate of the pozzolanic reaction is dependent on the intrinsic characteristics of the pozzolan such as the specific surface area , the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozzolanic_reaction |
In general relativity , the pp-wave spacetimes , or pp-waves for short, are an important family of exact solutions of Einstein's field equation . The term pp stands for plane-fronted waves with parallel propagation , and was introduced in 1962 by Jürgen Ehlers and Wolfgang Kundt .
The pp-waves solutions model radiatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pp-wave_spacetime |
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NP_001389920
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha ( PGC-1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pparg_coactivator_1_alpha |
Praseodymium(III) oxide , praseodymium oxide or praseodymia is the chemical compound composed of praseodymium and oxygen with the formula Pr 2 O 3 . It forms light green hexagonal crystals. [ 1 ] Praseodymium(III) oxide crystallizes in the manganese(III) oxide or bixbyite structure. [ 2 ]
Praseodymium(III) oxide can b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr2O3 |
Praseodymium tetraboride is a binary inorganic compound of praseodymium and boron with the chemical formula PrB 4 .
Praseodymium tetraboride can be prepared by directly reacting the elements at 2350 °C:
Praseodymium tetraboride forms crystals of tetragonal system, space group P4/mbm , cell parameters a = 0.7242 nm, c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrB4 |
Praseodymium hexaboride is a binary inorganic compound of praseodymium and boron with the formula PrB 6 . It forms black crystals that are insoluble in water.
Praseodymium hexaboride can be prepared from the reaction of stoichiometric quantities of praseodymium and boron:
Praseodymium hexaboride forms black crystals ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrB6 |
Praseodymium(III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula Pr Cl 3 . Like other lanthanide trichlorides , it exists both in the anhydrous and hydrated forms. It is a blue-green solid that rapidly absorbs water on exposure to moist air to form a light green hepta hydrate .
Praseodymium(III) chloride is prepa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrCl3 |
Praseodymium(III) fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula PrF 3 , being the most stable fluoride of praseodymium .
The reaction between praseodymium(III) nitrate and sodium fluoride will obtain praseodymium(III) fluoride as a green crystalline solid: [ 3 ]
There are also literature reports on the reaction ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrF3 |
Praseodymium diiodide is a chemical compound with the empirical formula of PrI 2 , consisting of praseodymium and iodine . It is an electride , with the ionic formula of Pr 3+ (I − ) 2 e − , [ 2 ] and therefore not a true praseodymium(II) compound.
Praseodymium diiodide can be obtained by reacting praseodymium(III) io... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrI2 |
Praseodymium(III) phosphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PrPO 4 .
Praseodymium(III) phosphate hemihydrate can be obtained by reacting praseodymium chloride and phosphoric acid : [ 2 ]
It can also be produced by reacting silicon pyrophosphate (SiP 2 O 7 ) and praseodymium(III,IV) oxide (Pr 6 O 11... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrPO4 |
pr is a command on various operating systems that is used to paginate or columnate computer files for printing. It can also be used to compare two files side by side, as an alternative to diff .
It is a required program in a POSIX -compliant environment and has been implemented by GNU as part of the GNU Core Utilities... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr_(Unix) |
Prabhakar function is a certain special function in mathematics introduced by the Indian mathematician Tilak Raj Prabhakar in a paper published in 1971. [ 1 ] The function is a three-parameter generalization of the well known two-parameter Mittag-Leffler function in mathematics. The function was originally introduced t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabhakar_function |
Practical Action (previously known as the Intermediate Technology Development Group , ITDG ) is a development charity registered in the United Kingdom [ 1 ] which works directly in four regions of the developing world – Latin America , East Africa , Southern Africa and South Asia , with particular concentration on Peru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Practical_Action |
In philosophy , practical reason is the use of reason to decide how to act . It contrasts with theoretical reason, often called speculative reason , the use of reason to decide what to believe . For example, agents use practical reason to decide whether to build a telescope , but theoretical reason to decide which of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Practical_reason |
The practical syllogism is an instance of practical reasoning which takes the form of a syllogism , where the conclusion of the syllogism is an action. [ 1 ]
Aristotle discusses the notion of the practical syllogism within his treatise on ethics, his Nicomachean Ethics . A syllogism is a three-proposition argument con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Practical_syllogism |
Pradeep Mathur (born 1955) is an Indian organometallic and cluster chemist and the founder director of the Indian Institute of Technology, Indore . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] He is a former professor of the Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai [ 3 ] and is known for his studies on mixed metal cluster compounds. [ 4 ] He is an elect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pradeep_Mathur_(scientist) |
The pragmatic theory of information is derived from Charles Sanders Peirce 's general theory of signs and inquiry . Peirce explored a number of ideas about information throughout his career. One set of ideas is about the "laws of information" having to do with the logical properties of information . Another set of i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatic_theory_of_information |
A prairie remnant commonly refers to grassland areas in the Western and Midwestern United States and Canada that remain to some extent undisturbed by European settlement . Prairie remnants range in levels of degradation, but nearly all contain at least some semblance of the pre-Columbian local plant assemblage of a par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie_remnant |
Prairie restoration is a conservation effort to restore prairie lands that were destroyed due to industrial, agricultural , commercial, or residential development. [ 1 ] The primary aim is to return areas and ecosystems to their previous state before their depletion. [ 2 ]
In the United States , after the Black Hawk W... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie_restoration |
Pranav Sharma (प्रणव शर्मा) is an astronomer and science historian known for his work on the history of the Indian Space Program. He has curated Space Museum at the B. M. Birla Science Centre (Hyderabad, India). [ 1 ] Sharma was in charge of the history of the Indo-French scientific partnership project supported by th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranav_Sharma |
In fluid mechanics the Prandtl condition was suggested by the German physicist Ludwig Prandtl to identify possible boundary layer separation points of incompressible fluid flows. [ 1 ]
In the case of normal shock , flow is assumed to be in a steady state and thickness of shock is very small. It is further assumed that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prandtl_condition |
The Prandtl number ( Pr ) or Prandtl group is a dimensionless number , named after the German physicist Ludwig Prandtl , defined as the ratio of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity . [ 1 ] The Prandtl number is given as:
P r = ν α = momentum diffusivity thermal diffusivity = μ / ρ k / ( c p ρ ) = c p μ k {\dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prandtl_number |
In fluid dynamics , Prandtl–Batchelor theorem states that if in a two-dimensional laminar flow at high Reynolds number closed streamlines occur, then the vorticity in the closed streamline region must be a constant . A similar statement holds true for axisymmetric flows. The theorem is named after Ludwig Prandtl and Ge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prandtl–Batchelor_theorem |
The Prandtl–Glauert singularity is a theoretical construct in flow physics, often incorrectly used to explain vapor cones in transonic flows.
It is the prediction by the Prandtl–Glauert transformation that infinite pressures would be experienced by an aircraft as it approaches the speed of sound . Because it is invalid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prandtl–Glauert_singularity |
A supersonic expansion fan, technically known as Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan , a two-dimensional simple wave , is a centered expansion process that occurs when a supersonic flow turns around a convex corner. The fan consists of an infinite number of Mach waves , diverging from a sharp corner. When a flow turns around a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prandtl–Meyer_expansion_fan |
In aerodynamics , the Prandtl–Meyer function describes the angle through which a flow turns isentropically from sonic velocity (M=1) to a Mach (M) number greater than 1 . The maximum angle through which a sonic ( M = 1) flow can be turned around a convex corner is calculated for M = ∞ {\displaystyle \infty } . For an i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prandtl–Meyer_function |
Praseodymium(III) fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula PrF 3 , being the most stable fluoride of praseodymium .
The reaction between praseodymium(III) nitrate and sodium fluoride will obtain praseodymium(III) fluoride as a green crystalline solid: [ 3 ]
There are also literature reports on the reaction ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_fluoride |
Praseodymium(III) nitride is a binary inorganic compound of praseodymium and nitrogen . [ 2 ] Its chemical formula is PrN . [ 3 ] The compound forms black crystals, and reacts with water.
Praseodymium(III) nitride can be prepared by the reaction of nitrogen and metallic praseodymium on heating:
It can also be prepare... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_nitride |
Praseodymium(III) oxalate is an inorganic compound , a salt of praseodymium metal and oxalic acid , with the chemical formula C 6 O 12 Pr 2 . [ 1 ] The compound forms light green crystals that are insoluble in water. It also forms crystalline hydrates.
Praseodymium(III) oxalate can be prepared from the reaction of sol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_oxalate |
Praseodymium(IV) fluoride (also praseodymium tetrafluoride ) is a binary inorganic compound , a highly oxidised metal salt of praseodymium and fluoride [ 1 ] with the chemical formula PrF 4 .
Praseodymium(IV) fluoride can be prepared by the effect of krypton difluoride on praseodymium(IV) oxide : [ 2 ]
Praseodymium(I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium(IV)_fluoride |
The Prato reaction is a particular example of the well-known 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides to olefins . [ 1 ] In fullerene chemistry this reaction refers to the functionalization of fullerenes and nanotubes . The amino acid sarcosine reacts with paraformaldehyde when heated at reflux in toluene to an y... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prato_reaction |
Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox (PBX) refers to a family of transcription factors. [ 1 ]
Types include:
This biochemistry article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-B-cell_leukemia_homeobox |
Pre-algebra is a common name for a course taught in middle school mathematics in the United States, usually taught in the 6th, 7th, 8th, or 9th grade. [ 1 ] The main objective of it is to prepare students for the study of algebra . Usually, Algebra I is taught in the 8th or 9th grade . [ 2 ]
As an intermediate stage a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-algebra |
Pre-charge of the powerline voltages in a high voltage DC application is a preliminary mode which limits the inrush current during the power up procedure.
A high-voltage system with a large capacitive load can be exposed to high electric current during initial turn-on. This current, if not limited, can cause considera... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-charge |
Pre-construction services are services that are offered to support owners, architects, and engineers in making decisions. [ 1 ] They are used in planning a construction project before the actual construction begins. The stage where these services are offered is called pre-construction or "pre-con".
In the long-establi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-construction_services |
In chemical kinetics , the pre-exponential factor or A factor is the pre-exponential constant in the Arrhenius equation (equation shown below), an empirical relationship between temperature and rate coefficient . It is usually designated by A when determined from experiment, while Z is usually left for collision freque... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-exponential_factor |
In the philosophy of mathematics , the pre-intuitionists is the name given by L. E. J. Brouwer to several influential mathematicians who shared similar opinions on the nature of mathematics. The term was introduced by Brouwer in his 1951 lectures at Cambridge where he described the differences between his philosophy of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-intuitionism |
A preamplifier , also known as a preamp , is an electronic amplifier that converts a weak electrical signal into an output signal strong enough to be noise-tolerant and strong enough for further processing, or for sending to a power amplifier and a loudspeaker . [ 1 ] Without this, the final signal would be noisy or d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preamplifier |
Until the late 1950s, the Precambrian was not believed to have hosted multicellular organisms. However, with radiometric dating techniques, it has been found that fossils initially found in the Ediacara Hills in Southern Australia date back to the late Precambrian. These fossils are body impressions of organisms shaped... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian_body_plans |
" Precambrian rabbits " or " fossil rabbits in the Precambrian " are reported to have been among responses given by the biologist J. B. S. Haldane when asked what evidence could destroy his confidence in the theory of evolution and the field of study. The answers became popular imagery in debates about evolution and th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian_rabbit |
Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and maneuvered into place; examples include precast beams , and wall panels, floors, roofs, and piles. In contrast, cast-in-place con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precast_concrete |
In United States safety standards , precautionary statements are sentences providing information on potential hazards and proper procedures. They are used in situations from consumer product on labels and manuals to descriptions of physical activities. Various methods are used to bring focus to them, such as setting ap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precautionary_statement |
The precedence effect or law of the first wavefront is a binaural psychoacoustical effect concerning sound reflection and the perception of echoes . When two versions of the same sound presented are separated by a sufficiently short time delay (below the listener's echo threshold), listeners perceive a single auditory ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precedence_effect |
Precedent is a judicial decision that serves as an authority for courts when deciding subsequent identical or similar cases. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Fundamental to common law legal systems, precedent operates under the principle of stare decisis ("to stand by things decided"), where past judicial decisions serve as case law ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precedent |
The term preceramic polymer refers to one of various polymeric compounds , which through pyrolysis under appropriate conditions (generally in the absence of oxygen) are converted to ceramic compounds, having high thermal and chemical stability. Ceramics resulting from the pyrolysis of preceramic polymers are known as p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preceramic_polymer |
Precession is the process of a round part in a round hole, rotating with respect to each other, wherein the inner part begins rolling around the circumference of the outer bore, in a direction opposite of rotation. This is caused by too much clearance between them and a radial force on the part that constantly changes ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precession_(mechanical) |
Precession electron diffraction ( PED ) is a specialized method to collect electron diffraction patterns in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). By rotating (precessing) a tilted incident electron beam around the central axis of the microscope, a PED pattern is formed by integration over a collection of diffracti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precession_electron_diffraction |
Precious Plastic is an open hardware plastic recycling project and is a type of open source digital commons project. The project was started in 2013 by Dave Hakkens and is now in its fourth iteration. It relies on a series of machines and tools which grind, melt, and inject recycled plastic, allowing for the creation o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precious_Plastic |
In materials science , a precipitate-free zone ( PFZ ) refers to microscopic localized regions around grain boundaries that are free of precipitates (solid impurities forced outwards from the grain during crystallization ). It is a common phenomenon that arises in polycrystalline materials ( crystalline materials with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitate-free_zone |
Precipitation hardening , also called age hardening or particle hardening , is a heat treatment technique used to increase the yield strength of malleable materials, including most structural alloys of aluminium , magnesium , nickel , titanium , and some steels , stainless steels , and duplex stainless steel . In super... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_hardening |
In meteorology , the different types of precipitation often include the character, formation, or phase of the precipitation which is falling to ground level. There are three distinct ways that precipitation can occur. Convective precipitation is generally more intense, and of shorter duration, than stratiform precipita... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_types |
In meteorology , a precipitationshed is the upwind ocean and land surface that contributes evaporation to a given, downwind location's precipitation . The concept has been described as an "atmospheric watershed ". [ 1 ] The concept itself rests on a broad foundation of scholarly work examining the evaporative sources o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitationshed |
Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning method that calculates very precise positions, with errors as small as a few centimeters under good conditions. PPP is a combination of several relatively sophisticated GNSS position refinement techniques that can be used with ne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precise_Point_Positioning |
PrecisionFDA (stylized precisionFDA ) [ 2 ] [ 3 ] is a secure, collaborative, high-performance computing platform that has established a growing community of experts around the analysis of biological datasets in order to advance precision medicine , inform regulatory science , and enable improvements in health outcomes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrecisionFDA |
Precision BioSciences, Inc. is a publicly traded American clinical stage gene editing company headquartered in Durham, North Carolina . [ 3 ] Founded in 2006, Precision is focused on developing both in vivo and ex vivo gene editing therapies using its proprietary "ARCUS" genome editing platform. [ 4 ]
Derek Jantz and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_BioSciences |
The AN/PSN-11 Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver ( PLGR , colloquially " plugger ") is a ruggedized , hand-held, single-frequency GPS receiver fielded by the United States Armed Forces . It incorporates the Precise Positioning Service — Security Module (PPS-SM) to access the encrypted P(Y)-code GPS signal .
Introduced... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_Lightweight_GPS_Receiver |
Precision agriculture ( PA ) is a management strategy that gathers, processes and analyzes temporal, spatial and individual plant and animal data and combines it with other information to support management decisions according to estimated variability for improved resource use efficiency, productivity, quality, profita... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_agriculture |
Personalized medicine , also referred to as precision medicine , is a medical model that separates people into different groups —with medical decisions , practices , interventions and/or products being tailored to the individual patient based on their predicted response or risk of disease .The terms personalized medici... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_medicine |
Preclinical or small-animal Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography ( SPECT ) is a radionuclide based molecular imaging modality for small laboratory animals [ 1 ] (e.g. mice and rats). Although SPECT is a well-established imaging technique that is already for decades in use for clinical application, the limited res... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preclinical_SPECT |
In drug development , preclinical development (also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies ) is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.
The main g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preclinical_development |
Precocial species in birds and mammals are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching. They are normally nidifugous , meaning that they leave the nest shortly after birth or hatching. Altricial species are those in which the young are underdeveloped at the time of bir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precociality_and_altriciality |
Precordial concordance , also known as QRS concordance is when all precordial leads on an electrocardiogram are either positive (positive concordance) or negative (negative concordance). [ 1 ] When there is a negative concordance, it almost always represents a life-threatening condition called ventricular tachycardia b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precordial_concordance |
In anatomy , the precordium or praecordium is the portion of the body over the heart and lower chest . [ 1 ]
Defined anatomically, it is the area of the anterior chest wall over the heart . It is therefore usually on the left side, except in conditions like dextrocardia , where the individual's heart is on the right s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precordium |
In chemistry , a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.
In biochemistry , the term "precursor" often refers more specifically to a chemical compound preceding another in a metabolic pathway , such as a protein precursor .
In 1988, the United Nations Convention... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry) |
In cell biology , precursor cells —also called blast cells —are partially differentiated, or intermediate, and are sometimes referred to as progenitor cells . A precursor cell is a stem cell with the capacity to differentiate into only one cell type, meaning they are unipotent stem cells . In embryology , precursor cel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precursor_cell |
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid ( RNA ) product synthesized by transcription of DNA , and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs , tRNAs , and rRNAs . The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation . For example, a precursor ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precursor_mRNA |
The term predation rate refers to the frequency with which an organism captures and consumes its prey in an ecosystem. Coupled with the kill rate , the predation rate drives the population dynamics of predation. [ 1 ] This statistic is related to Predator–prey dynamics and may be influenced by several factors.
In orde... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predation_rates |
Predatory dinoflagellates are predatory heterotrophic or mixotrophic alveolates that derive some or most of their nutrients from digesting other organisms. About one half of dinoflagellates lack photosynthetic pigments and specialize in consuming other eukaryotic cells, and even photosynthetic forms are often predatory... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predatory_dinoflagellate |
Predicable (Lat. praedicabilis, that which may be stated or affirmed, sometimes called quinque voces or five words ) is, in scholastic logic , a term applied to a classification of the possible relations in which a predicate may stand to its subject . It is not to be confused with ' praedicamenta ', the scholastics' t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicable |
In logic , a predicate is a symbol that represents a property or a relation. For instance, in the first-order formula P ( a ) {\displaystyle P(a)} , the symbol P {\displaystyle P} is a predicate that applies to the individual constant a {\displaystyle a} . Similarly, in the formula R ( a , b ) {\displaystyle R(a,b)} , ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_(logic) |
In logic , predicate abstraction is the result of creating a predicate from a formula . If Q is any formula then the predicate abstract formed from that sentence is (λx.Q), where λ is an abstraction operator and in which every occurrence of x that is free in Q is bound by λ in (λx.Q). The resultant predicate (λx.Q(x)) ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_abstraction |
First-order logic , also called predicate logic , predicate calculus , or quantificational logic , is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics , philosophy , linguistics , and computer science . First-order logic uses quantified variables over non-logical objects, and allows the use of sentences that contain ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_calculus |
Predictability is the degree to which a correct prediction or forecast of a system 's state can be made, either qualitatively or quantitatively.
Causal determinism has a strong relationship with predictability. Perfect predictability implies strict determinism, but lack of predictability does not necessarily imply lac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictability |
A predictable serial number attack is a form of security exploit in which the algorithm for generating serial numbers for a particular purpose is guessed, discovered, or reverse engineered , a new serial number is predicted using the algorithm, and the newly generated serial number is then used for a fraudulent purpose... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictable_serial_number_attack |
The Predicted Aligned Error ( PAE ) is a quantitative output produced by AlphaFold , a protein structure prediction system developed by DeepMind . [ 1 ] PAE estimates the expected positional error for each residue in a predicted protein structure if it were aligned to a corresponding residue in the true protein structu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicted_Aligned_Error |
Calculated value of a chemical in the environment on the basis of exposure models such as the European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES). Used in the context of Chemical Safety Assessments (CSA) and referenced in Chemical Safety Reports (CSR).
PECs may be compared with Measured Environmental Concen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicted_environmental_concentration |
The predicted no-effect concentration ( PNEC ) is the concentration of a chemical which marks the limit at which below no adverse effects of exposure in an ecosystem are measured. PNEC values are intended to be conservative and predict the concentration at which a chemical will likely have no toxic effect. They are not... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicted_no-effect_concentration |
The prediction of crystal properties by numerical simulation has become commonplace in the last 20 years as computers have grown more powerful and theoretical techniques more sophisticated. High accuracy prediction of elastic, electronic, transport and phase properties is possible with modern methods.
Ab initio or fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prediction_of_crystal_properties_by_numerical_simulation |
A predictive adaptive response (PAR) is a developmental trajectory taken by an organism during a period of developmental plasticity in response to perceived environment al cues. [ 1 ] This PAR does not confer an immediate advantage to the developing organism; however, if the PAR correctly anticipates the postnatal envi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_adaptive_response |
Predictive engineering analytics ( PEA ) is a development approach for the manufacturing industry that helps with the design of complex products (for example, products that include smart systems ). It concerns the introduction of new software tools, the integration between those, and a refinement of simulation and test... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_engineering_analytics |
Predictive maintenance techniques are designed to help determine the condition of in-service equipment in order to estimate when maintenance should be performed. This approach claims more cost savings over routine or time-based preventive maintenance , because tasks are performed only when warranted. Thus, it is regard... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_maintenance |
Predictive Microbiology is the area of food microbiology where controlling factors in foods and responses of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms are quantified and modelled by mathematical equations [ 1 ]
It is based on the thesis that microorganisms' growth and environment are reproducible, and can be modeled. [ 2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_microbiology |
In computer science , a predictive state representation ( PSR ) is a way to model a state of controlled dynamical system from a history of actions taken and resulting observations. PSR captures the state of a system as a vector of predictions for future tests (experiments) that can be done on the system. [ 1 ] A test i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_state_representation |
Predictive text is an input technology used where one key or button represents many letters, such as on the physical numeric keypads of mobile phones and in accessibility technologies. Each key press results in a prediction rather than repeatedly sequencing through the same group of "letters" it represents, in the same... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_text |
Predispositioning theory , in the field of decision theory and systems theory , is a theory focusing on the stages between a complete order and a complete disorder.
Predispositioning theory was founded by Aron Katsenelinboigen (1927–2005), a professor in the Wharton School who dealt with indeterministic systems such a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predispositioning_theory |
Predistortion is a technique used to improve the linearity of radio transmitter amplifiers .
Radio transmitter amplifiers in most telecommunications systems are required to be "linear", in that they must accurately reproduce the signal present at their input. An amplifier that compresses its input or has a non-linear ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predistortion |
Predix , known as Predix Platform is an industrial IoT software platform from GE Digital . It provides edge-to-cloud data connectivity, processing, analytics, and services to support industrial applications. The Platform has both edge and cloud components. Predix Cloud is hosted on AWS .
Predix Platform collects and t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predix_(software) |
A predominance diagram purports to show the conditions of concentration and pH where a chemical species has the highest concentration in solutions in which there are multiple acid-base equilibria . [ 1 ] The lines on a predominance diagram indicate where adjacent species have the same concentration. Either side of such... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predominance_diagram |
In mathematics , the predual of an object D is an object P whose dual space is D .
For example, the predual of the space of bounded operators is the space of trace class operators, and the predual of the space L ∞ ( R ) of essentially bounded functions on R is the Banach space L 1 ( R ) of integrable functions.
This ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predual |
A prefabricated building , informally a prefab , is a building that is manufactured and constructed using prefabrication . It consists of factory-made components or units that are transported and assembled on-site to form the complete building. Various materials were combined to create a part of the installation proces... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefabricated_building |
The Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations and its descriptive complement geometrical analysis for interactive aid are better known as the Promethee and Gaia [ 1 ] methods.
Based on mathematics and sociology, the Promethee and Gaia method was developed at the beginning of the 1980s and ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preference_ranking_organization_method_for_enrichment_evaluation |
A preference test is an experiment in which animals are allowed free access to multiple environments which differ in one or more ways. Various aspects of the animal's behaviour can be measured with respect to the alternative environments, such as latency and frequency of entry, duration of time spent, range of activit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preference_test |
The preferential alignment is a criterion of an orientation of a molecule or atom. The preferential alignment can be related to the formation of the crystal structure of an amorphous structure. [ citation needed ]
Polymeric masses with high atomic distances can either be in an oriented or non oriented state. These hig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preferential_alignment |
Preferential entailment is a non-monotonic logic based on selecting only models that are considered the most plausible. The plausibility of models is expressed by an ordering among models called a preference relation, hence the name preference entailment.
Formally, given a propositional formula F {\displaystyle F} and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preferential_entailment |
In chemical nomenclature , a preferred IUPAC name ( PIN ) is a unique name, assigned to a chemical substance and preferred among all possible names generated by IUPAC nomenclature . The "preferred IUPAC nomenclature" provides a set of rules for choosing between multiple possibilities in situations where it is important... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preferred_IUPAC_name |
In industrial design , preferred numbers (also called preferred values or preferred series ) are standard guidelines for choosing exact product dimensions within a given set of constraints.
Product developers must choose numerous lengths, distances, diameters, volumes, and other characteristic quantities . While all o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preferred_number |
Prefetching is a technique used in computing to improve performance by retrieving data or instructions before they are needed. By predicting what a program will request in the future, the system can load information in advance to reduced wait times . [ 1 ]
Prefetching is used in various areas of computing, including C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefetching |
IP networks are divided logically into subnetworks . Computers in the same subnetwork have the same address prefix. For example, in a typical home network with legacy Internet Protocol version 4 , the network prefix would be something like 192.168.1.0/24, as expressed in CIDR notation .
With IPv4, commonly home networ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix_delegation |
In mathematics , especially order theory , a prefix ordered set generalizes the intuitive concept of a tree by introducing the possibility of continuous progress and continuous branching. Natural prefix orders often occur when considering dynamical systems as a set of functions from time (a totally-ordered set ) to som... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix_order |
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