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Prefoldin (GimC) is a superfamily of proteins used in protein folding complexes. It is classified as a heterohexameric molecular chaperone in both archaea and eukarya , including humans . A prefoldin molecule works as a transfer protein in conjunction with a molecule of chaperonin to form a chaperone complex and corre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefoldin |
Prefrontal synthesis (PFS, also known as mental synthesis ) is the conscious purposeful process of synthesizing novel mental images . PFS is neurologically different from the other types of imagination, such as simple memory recall and dreaming. Unlike dreaming , which is spontaneous and not controlled by the prefronta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefrontal_synthesis |
The pregap on a Red Book audio CD is the portion of the audio track that precedes " index 01" for a given track in the table of contents (TOC). The pregap ("index 00") is typically two seconds long and usually, but not always, contains silence. Popular uses for having the pregap contain audio are live CDs, track interl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregap |
In physics , a pregeometry is a hypothetical structure from which the geometry of the universe develops. Some cosmological models feature a pregeometric universe before the Big Bang. The term was championed by John Archibald Wheeler in the 1960s and 1970s as a possible route to a theory of quantum gravity . Since quant... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregeometry_(physics) |
Pregnancy over the age of 50 has become possible for more women because of advances in assisted reproductive technology , in particular egg donation . Typically, a woman's fecundity ends with menopause , which, by definition, is 12 consecutive months without any menstrual flow at all. During perimenopause , the menstru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_over_age_50 |
Pregnancy-specific biological substances , which include the placenta , umbilical cord , amniotic fluid , and amniotic membrane are being studied for a number of health uses. [ 1 ] For example, Placental-derived stem cells are being studied so they can serve as a potential treatment method for cell therapy . [ 2 ] Hepa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_specific_biological_substances |
Pregnanediol , or 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol , is an inactive metabolic product of progesterone . A test can be done to measure the amount of pregnanediol in urine, which offers an indirect way to measure progesterone levels in the body. [ 1 ]
From the urine of pregnant women from London clinics, Guy Frederic Marrian iso... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnanediol |
Pregnanediol glucuronide , or 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol 3α-glucuronide , is the major metabolite of progesterone and the C3α glucuronide conjugate of pregnanediol (5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Approximately 15 to 30% of a parenteral dose of progesterone is metabolized into pregnanediol glucuronide. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] W... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnanediol_glucuronide |
Pregnanetriol , or 5β-pregnane-3α,17α,20α-triol , is a steroid and inactive metabolite of progesterone .
Urine excretion of pregnanetriol can be measured over a period of 24 hours. Elevated urine pregnanetriol levels suggest adrenogenital syndrome . In monitoring treatment with cortisol replacement , elevated urine pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnanetriol |
Pregnant leach solution or pregnant liquor solution ( PLS ) is acidic metal-laden water generated from stockpile leaching and heap leaching . Pregnant leach solution is used in the solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX/EW) process. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The portion of an original liquid that remains after other components h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnant_leach_solution |
Prehensility is the quality of an appendage or organ that has adapted for grasping or holding. The word is derived from the Latin term prehendere , meaning "to grasp". The ability to grasp is likely derived from a number of different origins. The most common are tree-climbing and the need to manipulate food. [ 1 ]
App... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehensility |
A prehormone is a biochemical substance secreted by glandular tissue and has minimal or no significant biological activity , but it is converted in peripheral tissues into an active hormone . Calcifediol is an example of a prehormone which is produced by hydroxylation of vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) in the liver. [ 1 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehormone |
Prehydrated electrons are free electrons that occur in water under irradiation. [ which? ] Usually they form complexes with water molecules and become hydrated electrons . They can also react with the bases of the nucleotides dGMP and dTMP in aqueous solution. This suggests they may also react with the bases of the DNA... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehydrated_electrons |
Preimplantation factor (PIF) is a peptide secreted by trophoblast cells prior to placenta formation in early embryonic development . [ 1 ] Human embryos begin to express PIF at the 4-cell stage , with expression increasing by the morula stage and continuing to do so throughout the first trimester. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] [ 3 ] Exp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preimplantation_factor |
In electromagnetism , the Preisach model of hysteresis is a model of magnetic hysteresis . Originally, it generalized hysteresis as the relationship between the magnetic field and magnetization of a magnetic material as the parallel connection of independent relay hysterons . It was first suggested in 1935 by Ferenc (F... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preisach_model_of_hysteresis |
Preload is an engineering term with several meanings. In the general sense, it refers to the internal application of stress to certain mechanical systems.
The most common usage is to describe the load applied to a fastener as a result of its being installed, i.e., before any external loads are applied (e.g., tightenin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preload_(engineering) |
In organic chemistry , transannular strain (also called Prelog strain after chemist Vladimir Prelog ) is the unfavorable interactions of ring substituents on non-adjacent carbons. These interactions, called transannular interactions, arise from a lack of space in the interior of the ring , which forces substituents int... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelog_strain |
Premature convergence is an unwanted effect in evolutionary algorithms (EA), a metaheuristic that mimics the basic principles of biological evolution as a computer algorithm for solving an optimization problem . The effect means that the population of an EA has converged too early, resulting in being suboptimal. In thi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature_convergence |
Premature thelarche (PT) is a medical condition , characterised by isolated breast development in female infants. It occurs in females younger than 8 years, with the highest occurrence before the age of 2. PT is rare, occurring in 2.2-4.7% of females aged 0 to 2 years old. [ 1 ] The exact cause of the condition is stil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature_thelarche |
Premelting (also surface melting ) refers to a quasi-liquid film that can occur on the surface of a solid even below melting point ( T m {\displaystyle T_{m}} ). The thickness of the film is temperature ( T {\displaystyle T} ) dependent. This effect is common for all crystalline materials.
Premelting shows its effect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premelting |
The Premio Presidente della Repubblica is an Italian award introduced by the former president and academic Luigi Einaudi . Since 1949 it has been awarded on a regular basis by the Accademia dei Lincei , the Accademia di San Luca , and the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia . It is among the most distinguished awards ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Presidente_della_Repubblica_(prize) |
A premise or premiss [ a ] is a proposition —a true or false declarative statement—used in an argument to prove the truth of another proposition called the conclusion . [ 1 ] Arguments consist of a set of premises and a conclusion.
An argument is meaningful for its conclusion only when all of its premises are true . I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premise |
A premixed flame is a flame formed under certain conditions during the combustion of a premixed charge (also called pre-mixture) of fuel and oxidiser . Since the fuel and oxidiser—the key chemical reactants of combustion—are available throughout a homogeneous stoichiometric premixed charge, the combustion process once ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premixed_flame |
In a premixed turbulent flame , fuel and oxidizer are being mixed by turbulence during a sufficiently long time before combustion is initiated. The deposition of energy from the spark generates a flame kernel that grows at first by laminar, then by turbulent flame propagation. And in which the oxidizer has been mixed w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premixed_turbulent_flames |
Premunition , also known as infection-immunity, [ 1 ] is a host response that protects against high numbers of parasite and illness without eliminating the infection. [ 2 ] This type of immunity is relatively rapid, progressively acquired, short-lived, and partially effective. [ 3 ] For malaria , premunition is maintai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premunition |
PreonVM is an implementation of the Java virtual machine developed by Virtenio. The PreonVM was initially developed to run on the Atmel AVR ATmega256, but has been ported to ARM Cortex-M 3 systems. Therefore the VM can run on a microcontroller with 8 kB RAM and 256 kB ROM at a minimum. The PreonVM requires no additiona... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PreonVM |
Preoperational anxiety , or preoperative anxiety , is a common reaction experienced by patients who are admitted to a hospital for surgery . [ 1 ] It can be described as an unpleasant state of tension or uneasiness that results from a patient's doubts or fears before an operation. [ 1 ]
The State-Trait Anxiety Invento... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preoperational_anxiety |
The preorbital gland is a paired exocrine gland found in many species of artiodactyls , which is homologous to the lacrimal gland found in humans. These glands are trenchlike slits of dark blue to black, nearly bare skin extending from the medial canthus of each eye. They are lined by a combination of sebaceous and sud... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preorbital_gland |
All definitions tacitly require the homogeneous relation R {\displaystyle R} be transitive : for all a , b , c , {\displaystyle a,b,c,} if a R b {\displaystyle aRb} and b R c {\displaystyle bRc} then a R c . {\displaystyle aRc.} A term's definition may require additional properties that are not listed in this table.
I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preorder |
In mathematics , a preordered class is a class equipped with a preorder .
When dealing with a class C , it is possible to define a class relation on C as a subclass of the power class C × {\displaystyle \times } C . Then, it is convenient to use the language of relations on a set.
A preordered class is a class with a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preordered_class |
According to EN 13523-0, a prepainted metal (or coil coated metal ) is a ‘ metal on which a coating material (e.g. paint, film…) has been applied by coil coating ’. When applied onto the metallic substrate, the coating material (in liquid, in paste or powder form) forms a film possessing protective, decorative and/or o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepainted_metal |
In coding theory , the Preparata codes form a class of non-linear double- error-correcting codes . They are named after Franco P. Preparata who first described them in 1968.
Although non-linear over GF(2) the Preparata codes are linear over Z 4 with the Lee distance .
Let m be an odd number, and n = 2 m − 1 {\displ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preparata_code |
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Preplasmiviricota is a phylum of viruses . [ 1 ] Its name means "precursor of certain plasmids". [ 2 ]
The phylum contains two subphyla that contain five classes. Subphyla are suffixed with - viricotina , and classes are suffixed with - viricetes . This taxonomy is shown hereafter. [ 1 ]
This virus -related... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preplasmiviricota |
In polymer chemistry , the term prepolymer or pre-polymer , refers to a monomer or system of monomers that have been reacted to an intermediate- molecular mass state. This material is capable of further polymerization by reactive groups to a fully cured , high-molecular-mass state. As such, mixtures of reactive polymer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepolymer |
A preprohormone is the precursor protein to one or more prohormones , which are in turn precursors to peptide hormones . [ 1 ] In general, the protein consists of the amino acid chain that is created by the hormone -secreting cell , before any changes have been made to it. It contains a signal peptide , the hormone (s)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preprohormone |
Presburger arithmetic is the first-order theory of the natural numbers with addition , named in honor of Mojżesz Presburger , who introduced it in 1929. The signature of Presburger arithmetic contains only the addition operation and equality , omitting the multiplication operation entirely. The theory is computably axi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presburger_arithmetic |
Presbyosmia is the gradual degeneration of sense of smell due to ageing process, which occurs especially in those who are 70 years old or more. It is possibly due to loss of nerve endings in the nose, as well as reduced mucus production . Presbyosmia is less prevalent among elderly who are healthy, and who lack the ris... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyosmia |
In Riemannian geometry , a branch of mathematics , the prescribed Ricci curvature problem is as follows: given a smooth manifold M and a symmetric 2-tensor h , construct a metric on M whose Ricci curvature tensor equals h .
This Riemannian geometry -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescribed_Ricci_curvature_problem |
In Riemannian geometry , a branch of mathematics , the prescribed scalar curvature problem is as follows: given a closed , smooth manifold M and a smooth, real-valued function ƒ on M , construct a Riemannian metric on M whose scalar curvature equals ƒ . Due primarily to the work of Jerry Kazdan and Frank Wilson Warner... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescribed_scalar_curvature_problem |
Prescription cascade is the process whereby the side effects of drugs are misdiagnosed as symptoms of another problem, resulting in further prescriptions and further side effects and unanticipated drug interactions , which itself may lead to further symptoms and further misdiagnoses. This is a pharmacological example o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescription_cascade |
A preselector is a name for an electronic device that connects between a radio antenna and a radio receiver . The preselector is a band-pass filter that blocks troublesome out-of-tune frequencies from passing through from the antenna into the radio receiver (or preamplifier ) that otherwise would be directly connected ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preselector |
In computer and telecommunications networks , presence information is a status indicator that conveys ability and willingness of a potential communication partner—for example a user —to communicate . A user's client provides presence information (presence state) via a network connection to a presence service , which is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presence_information |
A presence sensing device (PSD) is a safety device for press brakes and similar metal-bending machines. The device operator often holds the sheet metal work-piece in one place while another portion of the piece is being formed in the die . If a foreign object is detected, the PSD immediately retracts the die or stops t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presence_sensing_device |
The term presentity is a combination of two words - " presence " and " entity ". [ 1 ] It basically refers to an entity that has presence information associated with it; information such as status, reachability, and willingness to communicate. [ citation needed ]
The term presentity is often used to refer to users who... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentity |
Presepsin (soluble CD14 subtype, sCD14-ST ) is a 13-kDa-cleavage product of CD14 receptor. [ 1 ]
Presepsin is a soluble PRR . Presepsin in the circulation is an indicator of monocyte-macrophage activation in response to pathogens. [ 1 ]
Several clinical studies have demonstrated that presepsin is a specific and sensi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presepsin |
Preservation breeding is an attempt by many plant and animal breeders to preserve bloodlines of species, either of a rare breed , or of rare pedigrees within a breed. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Preservation breeding can have several purposes:
Preservation breeding can take the following forms:
The term preservation breeding ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preservation_breeding |
A preservative is a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food products, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs , paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes . In general, preservation is implemented in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preservative |
The Presidential Young Investigator Award (PYI) was awarded by the National Science Foundation of the United States Federal Government . The program operated from 1984 to 1991, and was replaced by the NSF Young Investigator (NYI) Awards and Presidential Faculty Fellows (PFF) program. [ 1 ] In 1995, the NSF Young Invest... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Young_Investigator_Award |
Presidents of the American Chemical Society : [ 1 ] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidents_of_the_American_Chemical_Society |
Oshibana ( 押し花 ) is the art of using pressed flowers and other botanical materials to create an entire picture from these natural elements. [ 1 ] Such pressed flower art consists of drying flower petals and leaves in a flower press to flatten them, exclude light and press out moisture. These elements are then used to "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressed_flower_craft |
Pressure (symbol: p or P ) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. [ 1 ] : 445 Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) [ a ] is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.
Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure |
Pressure-correction method is a class of methods used in computational fluid dynamics for numerically solving the Navier-Stokes equations normally for incompressible flows .
The equations solved in this approach arise from the implicit time integration of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations .
Due to the non-li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure-correction_method |
Pressure-driven flow is a method to displace liquids in a capillary or microfluidic channel with pressure . The pressure is typically generated pneumatically by compressed air or other gases ( nitrogen , carbon dioxide , etc) or by electrical and magnetical fields or gravitation .
It is known from thermodynamics that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure-driven_flow |
The pressure-fed engine is a class of rocket engine designs. A separate gas supply, usually helium , pressurizes the propellant tanks to force fuel and oxidizer to the combustion chamber. To maintain adequate flow, the tank pressures must exceed the combustion chamber pressure.
Pressure fed engines have simple plumbin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure-fed_engine |
In fluid mechanics , the pressure-gradient force is the force that results when there is a difference in pressure across a surface. In general, a pressure is a force per unit area across a surface. A difference in pressure across a surface then implies a difference in force, which can result in an acceleration accord... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure-gradient_force |
Pressure-induced hydration ( PIH ), also known as “super- hydration ”, is a special case of pressure -induced insertion whereby water molecules are injected into the pores of microporous materials. In PIH, a microporous material is placed under pressure in the presence of water in the pressure-transmitting fluid of a d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure-induced_hydration |
Pressure retarded osmosis ( PRO ) is a technique to separate a solvent (for example, fresh water ) from a solution that is more concentrated (e.g. sea water ) and also pressurized. A semipermeable membrane allows the solvent to pass to the concentrated solution side by osmosis . [ 1 ] The technique can be used to gener... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure-retarded_osmosis |
There are several different methods to derive pressure from wind speed and vice versa in tropical cyclones . Both information minimum pressure and wind speed have their utilities. Wind speed can describe the destructive potential of a tropical cyclone. [ 1 ]
A tropical cyclone 's maximum sustained wind and minimum cen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure-wind_relationship_calculations_for_tropical_cyclones |
The Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU (formerly 97/23/EC) [ 1 ] of the EU sets out the standards for the design and fabrication of pressure equipment ("pressure equipment" means steam boilers , pressure vessels , piping , safety valves and other components and assemblies subject to pressure loading) general... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_Equipment_Directive_(EU) |
In fluid dynamics , the pressure coefficient is a dimensionless number which describes the relative pressures throughout a flow field . The pressure coefficient is used in aerodynamics and hydrodynamics . Every point in a fluid flow field has its own unique pressure coefficient, C p .
In many situations in aerodynam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_coefficient |
Pressure drop (often abbreviated as "dP" or "ΔP") [ 1 ] is defined as the difference in total pressure between two points of a fluid carrying network. A pressure drop occurs when frictional forces, caused by the resistance to flow, act on a fluid as it flows through a conduit (such as a channel, pipe , or tube ). This ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_drop |
A pressure exchanger transfers pressure energy from a high pressure fluid stream to a low pressure fluid stream. Many industrial processes operate at elevated pressures and have high pressure waste streams. One way of providing a high pressure fluid to such a process is to transfer the waste pressure to a low pressure ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_exchanger |
Pressure gain combustion (PGC) is the unsteady state process used in gas turbines in which gas expansion caused by heat release is constrained. First developed in the early 20th century as one of the earliest gas turbine designs, the concept was mostly abandoned following the advent of isobaric jet engines in WWII . [ ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_gain_combustion |
In fluid mechanics , pressure head is the height of a liquid column that corresponds to a particular pressure exerted by the liquid column on the base of its container. It may also be called static pressure head or simply static head (but not static head pressure ).
Mathematically this is expressed as:
where
Note th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_head |
Pressure Injection Cells , sometimes referred to as "bomb-loading devices" are used in proteomic research to enable controlled dispensing of small-volume liquid samples.
Using high pressure, pressure injection cells are used for two applications: densely packing nanobore capillary columns (micro-columns) with solid-ph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_injection_cell |
Pressure jump is a technique used in the study of chemical kinetics . It involves making rapid changes to the pressure of an experimental system and observing the return to equilibrium or steady state . This allows the study of the shift in equilibrium of reactions that equilibrate in periods between milliseconds to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_jump |
Pressure oxidation is a process for extracting gold from refractory ore .
The most common refractory ores are pyrite and arsenopyrite , which are sulfide ores that trap the gold within them. Refractory ores require pre-treatment before the gold can be adequately extracted. [ 1 ] The pressure oxidation process is used ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_oxidation |
Pressure piling is a phenomenon related to combustion of gases in a tube or long vessel. When a flame front propagates along a tube, the unburned gases ahead of the front are compressed, and hence heated. The amount of compression varies depending on the geometry and can range from twice to eight times the initial pre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_piling |
A pressure reactor , sometimes referred to as a pressure tube, or a sealed tube, is a chemical reaction vessel which can conduct a reaction under pressure. A pressure reactor is a special application of a pressure vessel . The pressure can be caused by the reaction itself or created by an external source, like hydroge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_reactor |
A pressure regulator is a valve that controls the pressure of a fluid to a desired value, using negative feedback from the controlled pressure. Regulators are used for gases and liquids, and can be an integral device with a pressure setting, a restrictor and a sensor all in the one body, or consist of a separate pressu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_reduction_regulator |
Pressure reference system (PRS) is an enhancement of the inertial reference system and attitude and heading reference system designed to provide position angles measurements which are stable in time and do not suffer from long term drift caused by the sensor imperfections. [ 1 ] The measurement system uses behavior of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_reference_system |
A pressure regulator is a valve that controls the pressure of a fluid to a desired value, using negative feedback from the controlled pressure. Regulators are used for gases and liquids, and can be an integral device with a pressure setting, a restrictor and a sensor all in the one body, or consist of a separate pressu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_regulator |
Pressure swing adsorption ( PSA ) is a technique used to separate some gas species from a mixture of gases (typically air) under pressure according to the species' molecular characteristics and affinity for an adsorbent material. It operates at near-ambient temperature and significantly differs from the cryogenic disti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_swing_adsorption |
A pressure tank or pressurizer is a type of hydraulic accumulator used in a piping system to maintain a desired pressure . Applications include buffering water pressure in homes. [ 1 ]
Referring to the figure on the left, a submersible water pump is installed in a well . The pressure switch turns the water pump on whe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_tank |
A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure . [ 1 ]
Construction methods and materials may be chosen to suit the pressure application, and will depend on the size of the vessel, the contents, working pressure, mass constraints, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_vessel |
A pressure–volume diagram (or PV diagram , or volume–pressure loop ) [ 1 ] is used to describe corresponding changes in volume and pressure in a system. It is commonly used in thermodynamics , cardiovascular physiology , and respiratory physiology .
PV diagrams, originally called indicator diagrams , were developed in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure–volume_diagram |
A pressurizer is a component of a pressurized water reactor . The basic design of the pressurized water reactor includes a requirement that the coolant (water) in the reactor coolant system must not boil. Put another way, the coolant must remain in the liquid state at all times, especially in the reactor vessel. To a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurizer_(nuclear_power) |
The Press–Schechter formalism is a mathematical model for predicting the number of objects (such as galaxies , galaxy clusters or dark matter halos [ 1 ] ) of a certain mass within a given volume of the Universe. It was described in an academic paper by William H. Press and Paul Schechter in 1974. [ 2 ]
In the context... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press–Schechter_formalism |
Prestressed concrete is a form of concrete used in construction. It is substantially prestressed ( compressed ) during production, in a manner that strengthens it against tensile forces which will exist when in service. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] : 3–5 [ 3 ] It was patented by Eugène Freyssinet in 1928. [ 4 ]
This compression is pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prestressed_concrete |
In structural engineering , a prestressed structure is a load-bearing structure whose overall integrity , stability and security depend, primarily, on prestressing : the intentional creation of permanent stresses in the structure for the purpose of improving its performance under various service conditions. [ 1 ]
The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prestressed_structure |
Presumptive tests , in medical and forensic science , analyze a sample and establish one of the following:
For example, the Kastle–Meyer test will show either that a sample is not blood or that the sample is probably blood, but may be a less common substance. Further chemical tests are needed to prove that the substan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presumptive_and_confirmatory_tests |
In geometric mechanics a presymplectic form is a closed differential 2-form of constant rank on a manifold . [ 1 ] However, some authors use different definitions . Recently, Hajduk and Walczak defined a presymplectic form as a closed differential 2-form of maximal rank on a manifold of odd dimension. [ 2 ] A symplecti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presymplectic_form |
Prevention through design (PtD), also called safety by design in Europe, is the concept of applying methods to minimize occupational hazards early in the design process, with an emphasis on optimizing employee health and safety throughout the life cycle of materials and processes. [ 1 ] It is a concept and movement tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_through_design |
A preventive action is a change implemented to address a weakness in a management system that is not yet responsible for causing nonconforming product or service.
Candidates for preventive action generally result from suggestions from customers or participants in the process but preventive action is a proactive proces... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preventive_action |
Previtamin D 3 is an intermediate in the production of cholecalciferol ( vitamin D 3 ).
It is formed by the action of UV light , most specifically UVB light of wavelengths between 295 and 300 nm, acting on 7-dehydrocholesterol in the epidermal layers of the skin. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
The B ring of the steroid nucleus st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Previtamin_D3 |
All definitions tacitly require the homogeneous relation R {\displaystyle R} be transitive : for all a , b , c , {\displaystyle a,b,c,} if a R b {\displaystyle aRb} and b R c {\displaystyle bRc} then a R c . {\displaystyle aRc.} A term's definition may require additional properties that are not listed in this table.
I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prewellordering |
Prey naïveté hypothesis is a theory that suggests that native prey often struggle to recognize or avoid an introduced predator because they lack a coevolutionary history with it. Prey naïveté is believed to intensify the effects of non-native predators, which can contribute significantly to the risks of extinction and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prey_naiveté |
In the theory of evolution and natural selection , the Price equation (also known as Price's equation or Price's theorem ) describes how a trait or allele changes in frequency over time. The equation uses a covariance between a trait and fitness, to give a mathematical description of evolution and natural selection. It... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_equation |
This is a list of prices of chemical elements . Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crust is added for comparison.
As of 2020 [update] , the most expensive non- synthetic element by both mass and volume is rhodium . It is followed by caesiu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prices_of_chemical_elements |
In economics , engineering , business management and marketing the price–performance ratio is often written as cost–performance , cost–benefit or capability/price ( C/P ), refers to a product's ability to deliver performance, of any sort, for its price. Generally speaking, products with a lower price/performance ratio ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price–performance_ratio |
Prickle is also known as REST/NRSF-interacting LIM domain protein, which is a putative nuclear translocation receptor. [ 1 ] Prickle is part of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway that establishes planar cell polarity. [ 2 ] A gain or loss of function of Prickle1 causes defects in the convergent extension movements... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prickle_(protein) |
In mathematics , a Priestley space is an ordered topological space with special properties. Priestley spaces are named after Hilary Priestley who introduced and investigated them. [ 1 ] Priestley spaces play a fundamental role in the study of distributive lattices . In particular, there is a duality (" Priestley dualit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priestley_space |
Prigogine's theorem is a theorem of non-equilibrium thermodynamics , originally formulated by Ilya Prigogine .
The formulation of Prigogine's theorem is:
In a stationary state, the production of entropy inside a thermodynamic system with constant external parameters is minimal and constant. If the system is not in a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prigogine's_theorem |
The Prilezhaev reaction , also known as the Prileschajew reaction or Prilezhaev epoxidation , is the chemical reaction of an alkene with a peroxy acid to form epoxides . [ 1 ] It is named after Nikolai Prilezhaev , who first reported this reaction in 1909. [ 2 ] A widely used peroxy acid for this reaction is meta -chlo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prilezhaev_reaction |
A prill is a small aggregate or globule of a material, most often a dry sphere, formed from a melted liquid through spray crystallization. [ 1 ]
Prilled is a term used in mining and manufacturing to refer to a product that has been pelletized . ANFO explosive typically comprises ammonium nitrate prills mixed with #2 f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prill |
In computer science , Prim's algorithm is a greedy algorithm that finds a minimum spanning tree for a weighted undirected graph . This means it finds a subset of the edges that forms a tree that includes every vertex , where the total weight of all the edges in the tree is minimized. The algorithm operates by building ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prim's_algorithm |
Prima facie ( / ˌ p r aɪ m ə ˈ f eɪ ʃ i , - ʃ ə , - ʃ i iː / ; from Latin prīmā faciē ) is a Latin expression meaning "at first sight", [ 1 ] or "based on first impression". [ 2 ] The literal translation would be "at first face" or "at first appearance", from the feminine forms of primus ("first") and facies ("face"), ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_facie |
In alchemy and philosophy, prima materia , materia prima or first matter (for a philosophical exposition refer to: Prime Matter ), is the ubiquitous starting material required for the alchemical magnum opus and the creation of the philosopher's stone . It is the primitive formless base of all matter similar to chaos , ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_materia |
In particle physics , the Primakoff effect , named after Henry Primakoff , is the resonant production of neutral pseudoscalar mesons by high-energy photons interacting with an atomic nucleus . It can be viewed as the reverse process of the decay of the meson into two photons and has been used for the measurement of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primakoff_effect |
Primal Pictures is a business that provides 3D graphic renderings of human anatomy .
The company was founded in 1991. [ 1 ]
In 2012, Informa acquired all of the company, previously owning 10 percent. [ 2 ] In 2022, as part of Informa's sale of its Pharma Intelligence business, Primal Pictures became part of private e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primal_Pictures |
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