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A prosleptic syllogism ( / p r ə ˈ s l ɛ p t ɪ k / ; from Greek πρόσληψις proslepsis "taking in addition") is a class of syllogisms that use a prosleptic proposition as one of the premises.
The term originated with Theophrastus . [ 1 ]
Prosleptic syllogisms are classified in three figures, or potential arrangements o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosleptic_syllogism |
In mathematics , more precisely in algebra , a prosolvable group (less common: prosoluble group ) is a group that is isomorphic to the inverse limit of an inverse system of solvable groups . Equivalently, a group is called prosolvable , if, viewed as a topological group , every open neighborhood of the identity contain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosolvable_group |
Prosoplasia (from Ancient Greek : πρόσω prósō , "forward" + πλάσις plasis , "formation") is the differentiation of cells either to a higher function or to a higher level of organization. [ 1 ]
Assuming an increasing cellular peculiarity from a presupposed stem-cell fate, prosoplasia is therefore a forward differentiat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosoplasia |
Prospect theory is a theory of behavioral economics , judgment and decision making that was developed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in 1979. [ 1 ] The theory was cited in the decision to award Kahneman the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics . [ 2 ]
Based on results from controlled studies , it describes how ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prospect_theory |
Prostaglandin E is a family of naturally occurring prostaglandins that are used as medications.
Types include:
Both types are on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines . [ 1 ]
Prostaglandin E play an important role in thermoregulation of the human brain. Decreased formation of prostaglandin E th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_E |
The prostaglandin E 2 ( PGE 2 ) receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that bind and are activated by prostaglandin E 2 . They are members of the prostaglandin receptors class of receptors and include the following Protein isoforms :
An antagonist of a prostaglandin E 2 receptor has been shown to serve as an affect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2_receptor |
Prostaglandin H 2 ( PGH 2 ), or prostaglandin H2 ( PGH2 ), is a type of prostaglandin and a precursor for many other biologically significant molecules. It is synthesized from arachidonic acid in a reaction catalyzed by a cyclooxygenase enzyme. [ 2 ] The conversion from arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H 2 is a two-st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_H2 |
In molecular biology , prostanoids are active lipid mediators that regulate inflammatory response . Prostanoids are a subclass of eicosanoids consisting of the prostaglandins (mediators of inflammatory and anaphylactic reactions), the thromboxanes (mediators of vasoconstriction ), and the prostacyclins (active in the r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostanoid |
2ZCH , 2ZCK , 2ZCL , 3QUM
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ENSMUSG00000066513
P07288
P00757
NM_145864
NM_010915
NP_001025218 NP_001025219 NP_001639
NP_035045
Prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ), also known as gamma-seminoprotein or kallikrein-3 ( KLK3 ), P-30 antigen, is a glycoprotein enzyme encoded in humans by the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate-specific_antigen |
Prosthecate bacteria are a non- phylogenetically related group of Gram-negative bacteria that possess appendages , termed prosthecae . These cellular appendages, also known as stalks , are neither pili nor flagella , as they are extensions of the cellular membrane and contain cytosol . [ 1 ] One notable group of prost... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthecate_bacteria |
In medicine , a prosthesis ( pl. : prostheses ; from Ancient Greek : πρόσθεσις , romanized : prósthesis , lit. 'addition, application, attachment'), [ 1 ] or a prosthetic implant , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through physical trauma , disease, or a condition ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthesis |
The Protein Common Interface Database ( ProtCID ) is a database of similar protein-protein interfaces in crystal structures of homologous proteins . [ 1 ] [ 5 ]
Its main goal is to identify and cluster homodimeric and heterodimeric interfaces observed in multiple crystal forms of homologous proteins. Such interfaces, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProtCID |
Angiogenesis is the process of forming new blood vessels from existing blood vessels, formed in vasculogenesis . It is a highly complex process involving extensive interplay between cells, soluble factors, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Angiogenesis is critical during normal physiological development, but it also... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteases_in_angiogenesis |
Protechnik was a front company established on 24 June 1987 by the South African Defence Force to perform quality assurance testing of chemical protective materials and equipment within a covert operation known as Project Coast . [ 1 ]
Founded by Dr. Jan Lourens, a bio-engineering consultant at Roodeplaat Research Labo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protechnik |
Protected Streaming [ 1 ] is a DRM technology by Adobe . The aim of the technology is to protect digital content (video or audio) from unauthorized use.
Protected Streaming consists of many different techniques; basically there are two main components: encryption and SWF verification.
This technique is used by the Hu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_Streaming |
The Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards Program Authorization and Accountability Act of 2014 ( H.R. 4007 ) is a bill that proposed making permanent the United States Department of Homeland Security ’s (DHS’s) authority to regulate security at certain chemical facilities in the United States. [ 1 ] Under the Chem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protecting_and_Securing_Chemicals_Facilities_from_Terrorist_Attacks_Act_of_2014 |
A protecting group or protective group is introduced into a molecule by chemical modification of a functional group to obtain chemoselectivity in a subsequent chemical reaction. It plays an important role in multistep organic synthesis . [ 1 ]
In many preparations of delicate organic compounds , specific parts of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protecting_group |
A protective colloid is a lyophilic colloid that when present in small quantities keeps lyophobic colloids from precipitating under the coagulating action of electrolytes .
When a small amount of hydrophilic colloid is added to hydrophobic colloids it may coagulate the latter. This is due to neutralisation of the cha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protective_colloid |
A protective distribution system ( PDS ), also called protected distribution system , is a US government term for wireline or fiber-optic telecommunication system that includes terminals and adequate acoustical , electrical , electromagnetic , and physical safeguards to permit its use for the unencrypted transmission o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protective_distribution_system |
Within the field of molecular biology , a protein-fragment complementation assay , or PCA, is a method for the identification and quantification of protein–protein interactions . In the PCA, the proteins of interest ("bait" and "prey") are each covalently linked to fragments of a third protein (e.g. DHFR, which acts a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein-fragment_complementation_assay |
The Protein Data Bank ( PDB ) [ 1 ] is a database for the three-dimensional structural data of large biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids , which is overseen by the Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB). This structural data is obtained and deposited by biologists and biochemists worldwide through the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank |
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) file format is a textual file format describing the three-dimensional structures of molecules held in the Protein Data Bank , now succeeded by the mmCIF format. The PDB format accordingly provides for description and annotation of protein and nucleic acid structures including atomic coordina... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank_(file_format) |
Protein L was first isolated from the surface of bacterial species Peptostreptococcus magnus and was found to bind immunoglobulins through L chain interaction, from which the name was suggested. [ 2 ] It consists of 719 amino acid residues. [ 3 ] The molecular weight of protein L purified from the cell walls of Peptost... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_L |
Protein Local Optimization Program ( PLOP ) is computer software , [ 3 ] a molecular dynamics simulation package written in the programming language Fortran . It was developed originally by Matthew P. Jacobson and Richard A. Friesner of the Friesner lab at Columbia University , and then moved to the Jacobson lab at Uni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Local_Optimization_Program |
The Protein Society is an international, not-for-profit , scholarly society with the mission to provide forums for the advancement of research into protein structure , function, design and applications.
The Protein Society was founded in 1986, with the leadership of Ralph Bradshaw, Finn Wold, David Eisenberg , Ken Wal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Society |
The Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) was a USA based project that aimed at accelerating discovery in structural genomics and contribute to understanding biological function. [ 1 ] Funded by the U.S. National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) between 2000 and 2015, its aim was to reduce the cost and time r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Structure_Initiative |
Adsorption (not to be mistaken for absorption ) is the accumulation and adhesion of molecules, atoms, ions, or larger particles to a surface, but without surface penetration occurring. The adsorption of larger biomolecules such as proteins is of high physiological relevance , and as such they adsorb with different mech... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_adsorption |
Protein adsorption refers to the adhesion of proteins to solid surfaces. This phenomenon is an important issue in the food processing industry , particularly in milk processing and wine and beer making . Excessive adsorption, or protein fouling, can lead to health and sanitation issues, as the adsorbed protein is ver... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_adsorption_in_the_food_industry |
Protein Arginine Phosphatase (PAPs) , also known as Phosphoarginine Phosphatase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphoarginine residues in proteins. [ 1 ] Protein phosphatases (PPs) are "obligatory heteromers [ 2 ] " made up of two maximum catalytic subunits attached to a non-catalytic subunit. A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_arginine_phosphatase |
Protein biosynthesis , or protein synthesis , is a core biological process, occurring inside cells , balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export ) through the production of new proteins. Proteins perform a number of critical functions as enzymes , structural proteins or hormones . Protein synthes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis |
In molecular biology , protein catabolism is the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides and ultimately into amino acids . Protein catabolism is a key function of digestion process. Protein catabolism often begins with pepsin , which converts proteins into polypeptides. These polypeptides are then further degrad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_catabolism |
Protein chemical shift prediction is a branch of biomolecular nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that aims to accurately calculate protein chemical shifts from protein coordinates. Protein chemical shift prediction was first attempted in the late 1960s using semi-empirical methods applied to protein structures sol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_chemical_shift_prediction |
Protein chemical shift re-referencing is a post-assignment process of adjusting the assigned NMR chemical shifts to match IUPAC and BMRB recommended standards in protein chemical shift referencing . In NMR chemical shifts are normally referenced to an internal standard that is dissolved in the NMR sample. These inter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_chemical_shift_re-referencing |
Protein crystallization is the process of formation of a regular array of individual protein molecules stabilized by crystal contacts. If the crystal is sufficiently ordered, it will diffract . Some proteins naturally form crystalline arrays, like aquaporin in the lens of the eye. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
In the process of protei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_crystallization |
Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins through the design and production of unnatural polypeptides , often by altering amino acid sequences found in nature. [ 1 ] It is a young discipline, with much research taking place into the understanding of protein folding and recognition for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_engineering |
A protein family is a group of evolutionarily related proteins . In many cases, a protein family has a corresponding gene family , in which each gene encodes a corresponding protein with a 1:1 relationship. The term "protein family" should not be confused with family as it is used in taxonomy.
Proteins in a family des... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_family |
In electrochemistry , protein film voltammetry (or protein film electrochemistry , or direct electrochemistry of proteins ) is a technique for examining the behavior of proteins immobilized (either adsorbed or covalently attached) on an electrode . The technique is applicable to proteins and enzymes that engage in elec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_film_voltammetry |
Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein , after synthesis by a ribosome as a linear chain of amino acids , changes from an unstable random coil into a more ordered three-dimensional structure . This structure permits the protein to become biologically functional or active. [ 1 ]
The folding of many ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_folding |
Protein footprinting is a term used to refer to a method of biochemical analysis that investigates protein structure , assembly, and interactions within a larger macromolecular assembly . It was originally coined in reference to the use of limited proteolysis to investigate contact sites within a monoclonal antibody - ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_footprinting |
Protein backbone fragment libraries have been used successfully in a variety of structural biology applications, including homology modeling , [ 1 ] de novo structure prediction , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and structure determination . [ 5 ] By reducing the complexity of the search space, these fragment libraries enable more r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_fragment_library |
Protein function prediction methods are techniques that bioinformatics researchers use to assign biological or biochemical roles to proteins . These proteins are usually ones that are poorly studied or predicted based on genomic sequence data. These predictions are often driven by data-intensive computational procedure... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_function_prediction |
In cell biology , protein kinase A ( PKA ) is a family of serine-threonine kinases [ 1 ] whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA is also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase ( EC 2.7.11.11 ). PKA has several functions in the cell, including regulation of glycogen , sugar , and lipid m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_A |
Protein splicing is an intramolecular reaction of a particular protein in which an internal protein segment (called an intein ) is removed from a precursor protein with a ligation of C-terminal and N-terminal external proteins (called exteins ) on both sides. The splicing junction of the precursor protein is mainly a c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_ligation |
The Lowry protein assay is a biochemical assay for determining the total level of protein in a solution . The total protein concentration is exhibited by a color change of the sample solution in proportion to protein concentration, which can then be measured using colorimetric techniques . It is named for the biochemis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_measurement_with_the_Folin_phenol_reagent |
A protein microarray (or protein chip ) is a high-throughput method used to track the interactions and activities of proteins, and to determine their function, and determining function on a large scale. [ 1 ] Its main advantage lies in the fact that large numbers of proteins can be tracked in parallel. The chip consist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_microarray |
A protein mimetic is a molecule such as a peptide , a modified peptide or any other molecule that biologically mimics the action or activity of some other protein . Protein mimetics are commonly used in drug design and discovery .
There are a number of different distinct classes of protein mimetics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_mimetic |
Protein misfolding cyclic amplification ( PMCA ) is an amplification technique (conceptually like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) but not involving nucleotides ) to multiply misfolded prions originally developed by Soto and colleagues. [ 1 ] It is a test for spongiform encephalopathies like chronic wasting disease (CWD... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_misfolding_cyclic_amplification |
Protein moonlighting is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. [ 2 ] It is an excellent [ according to whom? ] example of gene sharing . [ 3 ]
Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but, through evolution , acquired additional functions. Many proteins that m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_moonlighting |
Protein nanotechnology is a field of research that integrates the diverse physicochemical properties of proteins with nanoscale technology. This field assimilated into pharmaceutical research to give rise to a new classification of nanoparticles termed protein (or protein-based) nanoparticles (PNPs). PNPs garnered sign... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_nanoparticles |
The protein nitrogen unit (PNU) measures the potency of the compounds used in allergy skin tests , and is equivalent to 0.01 microgram (μg) of phosphotungstic acid -precipitable protein nitrogen. [ 1 ] Potency measurements depend on the measurement technique, so that results from different manufacturers cannot be relia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_nitrogen_unit |
In computational biology , protein p K a calculations are used to estimate the p K a values of amino acids as they exist within proteins . These calculations complement the p K a values reported for amino acids in their free state, and are used frequently within the fields of molecular modeling , structural bioinformat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_pKa_calculations |
A protein phosphatase is a phosphatase enzyme that removes a phosphate group from the phosphorylated amino acid residue of its substrate protein. Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common forms of reversible protein posttranslational modification ( PTM ), with up to 30% of all proteins being phosphorylated at a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_phosphatase |
Protein phosphorylation is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_phosphorylation |
Protein precipitation is widely used in downstream processing of biological products in order to concentrate proteins and purify them from various contaminants. For example, in the biotechnology industry protein precipitation is used to eliminate contaminants commonly contained in blood. [ 1 ] The underlying mechanism ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_precipitation |
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein . [ 1 ] By convention, the primary structure of a protein is reported starting from the amino -terminal (N) end to the carboxyl -terminal (C) end. Protein biosynthesis is most commonly performed by ribosomes in cells. Peptides can a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_primary_structure |
Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein . It is typically achieved by the manipulation of gene expression in an organism such that it expresses large amounts of a recombinant gene . This includes the transcription of the recombinant DNA to messenger RNA ( mRNA ), the translat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_production |
Protein purification is a series of processes intended to isolate one or a few proteins from a complex mixture, usually cells , tissues , or whole organisms. Protein purification is vital for the specification of the function, structure, and interactions of the protein of interest. The purification process may separat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_purification |
Protein quaternary structure [ a ] is the fourth (and highest) classification level of protein structure . Protein quaternary structure refers to the structure of proteins which are themselves composed of two or more smaller protein chains (also referred to as subunits). Protein quaternary structure describes the numbe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_quaternary_structure |
Protein quinary structure refers to the features of protein surfaces that are shaped by evolutionary adaptation to the physiological context of living cells . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Quinary structure is thus the fifth level of protein complexity, additional to protein primary , secondary , tertiary and quaternary stru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_quinary_structure |
Protein secondary structure is the local spatial conformation of the polypeptide backbone excluding the side chains. [ 1 ] The two most common secondary structural elements are alpha helices and beta sheets , though beta turns and omega loops occur as well. Secondary structure elements typically spontaneously form as a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_secondary_structure |
Protein sequencing is the practical process of determining the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein or peptide . This may serve to identify the protein or characterize its post-translational modifications . Typically, partial sequencing of a protein provides sufficient information (one or more sequence tags)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_sequencing |
A protein skimmer or foam fractionator is a device used to remove organic compounds such as food and waste particles from water. It is most commonly used in commercial applications like municipal water treatment facilities, public aquariums , and aquaculture facilities. Smaller protein skimmers are also used for filtra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_skimmer |
Protein subcellular localization prediction (or just protein localization prediction) involves the prediction of where a protein resides in a cell , its subcellular localization .
In general, prediction tools take as input information about a protein, such as a protein sequence of amino acids , and produce a predicted... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_subcellular_localization_prediction |
Protein subfamily is a level of protein classification, based on their close evolutionary relationship . It is below the larger levels of protein superfamily and protein family . [ 1 ]
Proteins typically share greater sequence and function similarities with other subfamily members than they do with members of their wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_subfamily |
A protein superfamily is the largest grouping ( clade ) of proteins for which common ancestry can be inferred (see homology ). Usually this common ancestry is inferred from structural alignment [ 1 ] and mechanistic similarity, even if no sequence similarity is evident. [ 2 ] Sequence homology can then be deduced even ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_superfamily |
Protein tags are peptide sequences genetically grafted onto a recombinant protein . Tags are attached to proteins for various purposes. They can be added to either end of the target protein, so they are either C-terminus or N-terminus specific or are both C-terminus and N-terminus specific. Some tags are also inserted... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_tag |
Protein topology is a property of protein molecule that does not change under deformation (without cutting or breaking a bond).
Two main topology frameworks have been developed and applied to protein molecules.
Knot theory which categorises chain entanglements. The usage of knot theory is limited to a small percentag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_topology |
In molecular biology , Proteinase K ( EC 3.4.21.64 , protease K , endopeptidase K , Tritirachium alkaline proteinase , Tritirachium album serine proteinase , Tritirachium album proteinase K ) is a broad-spectrum serine protease . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The enzyme was discovered in 1974 in extracts of the fungus Parengyodon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinase_K |
In plant biology , proteinase inhibitors are a family of small proteins that serve an integral role in the plant’s defense mechanisms against herbivory from insects or microorganisms that may compromise the integrity of the plant.
The proteinase inhibitors work to disrupt the enzymatic ability of the digestive or micr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinase_inhibitors_in_plants |
In medicine , proteinopathy ([ pref . protein]; -pathy [ suff . disease]; proteinopathies pl .; proteinopathic adj ), or proteopathy , protein conformational disorder , or protein misfolding disease , is a class of diseases in which certain proteins become structurally abnormal, and thereby disrupt the function of cell... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinopathy |
Proteinoplasts (sometimes called proteoplasts , aleuroplasts , and aleuronaplasts ) are specialized organelles found only in plant cells . Proteinoplasts belong to a broad category of organelles known as plastids . Plastids are specialized double-membrane organelles found in plant cells. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Plastids perform a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinoplast |
proteins@home [ 1 ] was a volunteer computing project that used the BOINC architecture. The project was run by the Department of Biology at École Polytechnique . The project began on December 28, 2006, and ended in June 2008.
proteins@home was a large-scale non-profit protein structure prediction project utilizing vol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteins@home |
DNA-binding proteins are proteins that have DNA-binding domains and thus have a specific or general affinity for single- or double-stranded DNA . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins generally interact with the major groove of B-DNA , because it exposes more functional groups that identify a base pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein–DNA_interaction |
Carbohydrate–protein interactions are the intermolecular and intramolecular interactions between protein and carbohydrate moieties. These interactions form the basis of specific recognition of carbohydrates by lectins. Carbohydrates are important biopolymers and have a variety of functions. Often carbohydrates serve a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein–carbohydrate_interaction |
Protein–ligand docking is a molecular modelling technique. The goal of protein–ligand docking is to predict the position and orientation of a ligand (a small molecule) when it is bound to a protein receptor or enzyme. [ 1 ] Pharmaceutical research employs docking techniques for a variety of purposes, most notably in th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein–ligand_docking |
Protein–lipid interaction is the influence of membrane proteins on the lipid physical state or vice versa.
The questions which are relevant to understanding of the structure and function of the membrane are: 1) Do intrinsic membrane proteins bind tightly to lipids (see annular lipid shell ), and what is the nature of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein–lipid_interaction |
Protein–protein interactions ( PPIs ) are physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical events steered by interactions that include electrostatic forces , hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic effect . Many are physical contacts with molecular associat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein–protein_interaction |
Protein–protein interaction screening refers to the identification of Protein–protein interaction with high-throughput screening methods such as computer- and/or robot-assisted plate reading, flow cytometry analyzing.
The interactions between proteins are central to virtually every process in a living cell. Informatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein–protein_interaction_screening |
ProteoWizard is a set of open-source, cross-platform tools and libraries for proteomics data analyses. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It provides a framework for unified mass spectrometry data file access and performs standard chemistry and LCMS dataset computations. Specifically, it is able to read many of the vendor-specific, proprieta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProteoWizard |
Proteoforms are the different forms of a protein produced from the genome with a variety of sequence variations , splice isoforms , and post-translational modifications . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Proteoform captures the disparate sources of biological variation which alter primary sequence and composition at the whole-protein level... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteoform |
A proteolipid is a protein covalently linked to lipid molecules, which can be fatty acids , isoprenoids or sterols . The process of such a linkage is known as protein lipidation , and falls into the wider category of acylation and post-translational modification . Proteolipids are abundant in brain tissue, and are also... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolipid |
Proteolix, Inc. , was a private biotechnology company with headquarters in South San Francisco , California . Proteolix was founded in 2003 based on technology developed by co-founders Craig M. Crews (Yale University) and Raymond J. Deshaies (California Institute of Technology). Susan Molineaux and Phil Whitcome [ 1 ] ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolix |
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids . Protein degradation is a major regulatory mechanism of gene expression [ 1 ] and contributes substantially to shaping mammalian proteomes. [ 2 ] Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. P... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolysis |
A proteolysis targeting chimera ( PROTAC ) [ 2 ] is a molecule that can remove specific unwanted proteins. Rather than acting as a conventional enzyme inhibitor , a PROTAC works by inducing selective intracellular proteolysis . A heterobifunctional molecule with two active domains and a linker, PROTACs consist of two c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolysis_targeting_chimera |
Proteomimetics are molecules that mimic certain protein characteristics such as shape, binding properties or enzymatic activity. [ 1 ] While conceptually linked to peptidomimetics which mimic short peptide sequences or secondary structures, proteomimetics recapitulate tertiary structures. This can involve the mimicry o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteomimetic |
Proteorhodopsin ( PR or pRhodopsin ) belongs to the family of bacterial transmembrane rhodopsins ( retinylidene proteins ). [ 1 ] In 1971, the first microbial transmembrane rhodopsin - Bacteriorhodopsin was discovered in archea domain by Dieter Oesterhelt and Walther Stoeckenius. [ 2 ] Later in 2000, the first bacteria... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteorhodopsin |
Proteostasis is the dynamic regulation of a balanced, functional proteome . The proteostasis network includes competing and integrated biological pathways within cells that control the biogenesis , folding, trafficking, and degradation of proteins present within and outside the cell. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Loss of proteostasis is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteostasis |
PROTEUS (acronym for Reconfigurable Platform for Observation, Telecommunications and Scientific Uses) is a 3-axis stabilized platform designed for mini-satellites weighing approximately 500 kg operating in low Earth orbit. The platform is used by six scientific satellites developed as part of the space program of the N... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteus_(satellite) |
Prothrombin fragment 1+2 ( F1+2 ), also written as prothrombin fragment 1.2 ( F1.2 ), is a polypeptide fragment of prothrombin (factor II) generated by the in vivo cleavage of prothrombin into thrombin (factor IIa) by the enzyme prothrombinase (a complex of factor Xa and factor Va ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is released fr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prothrombin_fragment_1+2 |
The ProTide technology is a prodrug approach used in molecular biology and drug design . It is designed to deliver nucleotide analogues (as monophosphate) into the cell (ProTide: PROdrug + nucleoTIDE). This technology was invented by Professor Chris McGuigan from the School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protide |
Protistology is a scientific discipline devoted to the study of protists , a highly diverse group of eukaryotic organisms. All eukaryotes apart from animals, plants and fungi are considered protists. [ 1 ] Its field of study therefore overlaps with the more traditional disciplines of phycology , mycology , and protozoo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protistologist |
Protistology is a scientific discipline devoted to the study of protists , a highly diverse group of eukaryotic organisms. All eukaryotes apart from animals, plants and fungi are considered protists. [ 1 ] Its field of study therefore overlaps with the more traditional disciplines of phycology , mycology , and protozoo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protistology |
The proto-mitochondrion is the hypothetical ancestral bacterial endosymbiont from which all mitochondria in eukaryotes are thought to descend, after an episode of symbiogenesis which created the aerobic eukaryotes.
The phylogenetic analyses of the few genes that are still encoded in the genomes of modern mitochondria ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-mitochondrion |
Proto.io is an application prototyping platform launched in 2011 and developed by PROTOIO Inc. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Originally designed to prototype on mobile devices, Proto.io has expanded to allow users to prototype apps for anything with a screen interface, including Smart TVs , digital camera interfaces, cars , airplanes , ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto.io |
A protocell (or protobiont ) is a self-organized , endogenously ordered, spherical collection of lipids proposed as a rudimentary precursor to cells during the origin of life . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A central question in evolution is how simple protocells first arose and how their progeny could diversify, thus enabling the accum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocell |
Protocol engineering is the application of systematic methods to the development of communication protocols . It uses many of the principles of software engineering , but it is specific to the development of distributed systems.
When the first experimental and commercial computer networks were developed in the 1970s, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_engineering |
Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit. [ 1 ] Mutualism is a common type of ecological interaction. Prominent examples are:
Mutualism can be contrasted with interspecific competition , in which each species experiences reduced fitness, and exploi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocooperation |
A protocrystalline phase is a distinct phase occurring during crystal growth , which evolves into a microcrystalline form. The term is typically associated with silicon films in optical applications such as solar cells . [ 1 ]
Amorphous silicon (a-Si) is a popular solar cell material owing to its low cost and ease of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocrystalline |
Protodeboronation , or protodeborylation is a chemical reaction involving the protonolysis of a boronic acid (or other organoborane compound) in which a carbon-boron bond is broken and replaced with a carbon-hydrogen bond. Protodeboronation is a well-known undesired side reaction , and frequently associated with metal-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protodeboronation |
Protofection is a protein-mediated transfection of foreign mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the mitochondria of cells in a tissue to supplement or replace the native mitochondrial DNA already present. The complete mtDNA genome or just fragments of mtDNA generated by polymerase chain reaction can be transferred into the t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protofection |
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