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The Protomap is a primordial molecular map of the functional areas of the mammalian cerebral cortex during early embryonic development , at a stage when neural stem cells are still the dominant cell type. [ 1 ] The protomap is a feature of the ventricular zone , which contains the principal cortical progenitor cells, k... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protomap_(neuroscience) |
In structural biology , a protomer is the structural unit of an oligomeric protein . It is the smallest unit composed of at least one protein chain. The protomers associate to form a larger oligomer of two or more copies of this unit. Protomers usually arrange in cyclic symmetry to form closed point group symmetries .
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protomer |
A Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons and protons from one atom to another. The term was originally coined for single proton, single electron processes that are concerted, [ 1 ] but the definition has relaxed to include many related processes. Reacti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-coupled_electron_transfer |
A proton-exchange membrane , or polymer-electrolyte membrane ( PEM ), is a semipermeable membrane generally made from ionomers and designed to conduct protons while acting as an electronic insulator and reactant barrier, e.g. to oxygen and hydrogen gas. [ 1 ] This is their essential function when incorporated into a me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane |
In physics , the proton-to-electron mass ratio (symbol μ or β ) is the rest mass of the proton (a baryon found in atoms ) divided by that of the electron (a lepton found in atoms), a dimensionless quantity , namely:
The number in parentheses is the measurement uncertainty on the last two digits, corresponding to a rel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-to-electron_mass_ratio |
Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry ( PTR-MS ) is an analytical chemistry technique that uses gas phase hydronium reagent ions which are produced in an ion source . [ 1 ] PTR-MS is used for online monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air and was developed in 1995 by scientists at the Instit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-transfer-reaction_mass_spectrometry |
The proton affinity (PA, E pa ) of an anion or of a neutral atom or molecule is the negative of the enthalpy change in the reaction between the chemical species concerned and a proton in the gas phase: [ 1 ]
These reactions are always exothermic in the gas phase, i.e. energy is released ( enthalpy is negative) when th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_affinity |
Proton capture is a nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus and one or more protons collide and merge to form a heavier nucleus.
Since protons have positive electric charge, they are repelled electrostatically by the positively charged nucleus. Therefore, it is more difficult for protons to enter the nucleus compa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_capture |
A proton conductor is an electrolyte , typically a solid electrolyte , in which H + [ 1 ] are the primary charge carriers.
Acid solutions exhibit proton-conductivity , while pure proton conductors are usually dry solids. Typical materials are polymers or ceramic. Typically, the pores in practical materials are small s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_conductor |
Proton-coupled amino acid transporters belong to the SLC26A5 family; they are protein receptors whose main function is the transmembrane movement of amino acids and their derivatives. This family of receptors is most commonly found within the luminal surface of the small intestine as well as in some lysosomes. The solu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_coupled_amino_acid_transporter |
In particle physics , proton decay is a hypothetical form of particle decay in which the proton decays into lighter subatomic particles , such as a neutral pion and a positron . [ 1 ] The proton decay hypothesis was first formulated by Andrei Sakharov in 1967. Despite significant experimental effort, proton decay has ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_decay |
Proton emission (also known as proton radioactivity ) is a rare type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a nucleus . Proton emission can occur from high-lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay , in which case the process is known as beta-delayed proton emission, or can occur from the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_emission |
The proton radius puzzle is an unanswered problem in physics relating to the size of the proton . [ 1 ] Historically the proton charge radius was measured by two independent methods, which converged to a value of about 0.877 femtometres (1 fm = 10 −15 m). This value was challenged by a 2010 experiment using a third met... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_radius_puzzle |
The proton spin crisis (or proton spin puzzle ) is a theoretical crisis precipitated by a 1987 experiment by the European Muon Collaboration (EMC), [ 1 ] which tried to determine the distribution of spin within the proton . [ 2 ]
Physicists expected that the quarks carry all a proton's spin . However, not only was the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_spin_crisis |
Read the Wiktionary entry "proton transfer"
You can also: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_transfer |
Proton tunneling is a type of quantum tunneling involving the instantaneous disappearance of a proton in one site and the appearance of the same proton at an adjacent site separated by a potential barrier. The two available sites are bounded by a double well potential of which its shape, width and height are determined... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_tunneling |
In chemistry, protonation (or hydronation ) is the adding of a proton (or hydron , or hydrogen cation), usually denoted by H + , to an atom , molecule , or ion , forming a conjugate acid . [ 1 ] (The complementary process, when a proton is removed from a Brønsted–Lowry acid , is deprotonation .) Some examples include
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonation |
Protonolysis is the cleavage of a chemical bond by acids. Many examples are found in organometallic chemistry since the reaction requires polar M δ+ -R δ- bonds, where δ+ and δ- signify partial positive and negative charges associated with the bonding atoms. When compounds containing these bonds are treated with acid (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonolysis |
Protoplasm ( / ˈ p r oʊ t ə ˌ p l æ z əm / ; [ 1 ] [ 2 ] pl. protoplasms ) [ 3 ] is the part of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane . It is a mixture of small molecules such as ions, monosaccharides , amino acids, and macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, etc.
In some definitions, it is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplasm |
Protoplast (from Ancient Greek πρωτόπλαστος ( prōtóplastos ) ' first-formed ' ), is a biological term coined by Hanstein in 1880 to refer to the entire cell, excluding the cell wall. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Protoplasts can be generated by stripping the cell wall from plant , [ 3 ] bacterial , [ 4 ] [ 5 ] or fungal cells [ 5 ] [ 6 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplast |
A protosteroid or primordial fat [ 1 ] is a lipid precursor , which can be transformed during subsequent biochemical reactions and finally become steroid . [ 2 ] The protosteroids are biomarkers that are produced by ancient eukaryotes belonged to the microorganisms in the protosterol biota . The intermediate compounds ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protosteroid |
In pharmacology and pharmaceutics , a prototype drug is an individual drug that represents a drug class – group of medications having similar chemical structures , mechanism of action and mode of action . Prototypes are the most important, and typically the first developed drugs within the class, and are used as a refe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype_drug |
In mathematics , the Prouhet–Tarry–Escott problem asks for two disjoint multisets A and B of n integers each, whose first k power sum symmetric polynomials are all equal.
That is, the two multisets should satisfy the equations
for each integer i from 1 to a given k . It has been shown that n must be strictly greater ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prouhet–Tarry–Escott_problem |
In mathematics , the Prouhet–Thue–Morse constant , named for Eugène Prouhet [ fr ] , Axel Thue , and Marston Morse , is the number—denoted by τ —whose binary expansion 0.01101001100101101001011001101001... is given by the Prouhet–Thue–Morse sequence . That is,
where t n is the n th element of the Prouhet–Thue–Morse s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prouhet–Thue–Morse_constant |
The Prout is an obsolete unit of energy , whose value is:
1 P r o u t = 2.9638 × 10 − 14 J {\displaystyle 1Prout=2.9638\times 10^{-14}J}
This is equal to one twelfth of the binding energy of the deuteron .
The "Prout" is a unit of nuclear binding energy , and is 1/12 the binding energy of the deuteron , or 185.5 keV... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prout_(unit) |
Provability logic is a modal logic , in which the box (or "necessity") operator is interpreted as 'it is provable that'. The point is to capture the notion of a proof predicate of a reasonably rich formal theory , such as Peano arithmetic .
There are a number of provability logics, some of which are covered in the lit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provability_logic |
Provirus silencing, or proviral silencing, is the repression of expression of proviral genes in cells.
A provirus is a viral DNA that has been incorporated into the chromosome of a host cell, often by retroviruses such as HIV. [ 1 ] Endogenous retroviruses are always in the provirus state in the host cell and replicate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provirus_silencing |
A provitamin is a substance that may be converted within the body to a vitamin . [ 1 ] The term previtamin is a synonym. [ 2 ]
The term "provitamin" is used when it is desirable to label a substance with little or no vitamin activity, but which can be converted to an active form by normal metabolic processes. [ citati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provitamin |
A proximate cause is an event which is closest to, or immediately responsible for causing , some observed result. This exists in contrast to a higher-level ultimate cause (or distal cause ) which is usually thought of as the "real" reason something occurred.
The concept is used in many fields of research and analysis,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximate_and_ultimate_causation |
Proximity communication is a Sun microsystems technology of wireless chip -to-chip communications. Partly by Robert Drost and Ivan Sutherland . Research done as part of High Productivity Computing Systems DARPA project.
Proximity communication replaces wires by capacitive coupling, promises significant increase in com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximity_communication |
Proximity effect or Holm–Meissner effect is a term used in the field of superconductivity to describe phenomena that occur when a superconductor (S) is placed in contact with a "normal" (N) non-superconductor. Typically the critical temperature T c {\displaystyle T_{c}} of the superconductor is suppressed and signs of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximity_effect_(superconductivity) |
Enzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling ( PL ), also known as proximity-based labeling , is a laboratory technique that labels biomolecules , usually proteins or RNA , proximal to a protein of interest. [ 1 ] By creating a gene fusion in a living cell between the protein of interest and an engineered labeling enzyme, biomo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximity_labeling |
Proximity ligation assay ( in situ PLA ) is a technology that extends the capabilities of traditional immunoassays to include direct detection of proteins , protein interactions , extracellular vesicles and post translational modifications with high specificity and sensitivity. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Protein targets can be readil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximity_ligation_assay |
Prp24 ( p recursor R NA p rocessing, gene 24 ) is a protein part of the pre-messenger RNA splicing process and aids the binding of U6 snRNA to U4 snRNA during the formation of spliceosomes . Found in eukaryotes from yeast to E. coli , fungi , and humans, Prp24 was initially discovered to be an important element of RNA ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prp24 |
Integration is the basic operation in integral calculus . While differentiation has straightforward rules by which the derivative of a complicated function can be found by differentiating its simpler component functions, integration does not, so tables of known integrals are often useful. This page lists some of the m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudnikov,_Brychkov_and_Marichev |
The Prusa Mini , stylized as the Original Prusa MINI , is an open-source fused deposition modeling 3D printer that is manufactured by the Czech company Prusa Research . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The printer is the lowest cost machine produced by Prusa Research and is designed as a first printer or as part of a 'print farm'. [ 1 ] [ ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prusa_Mini |
The Prusa i3 is a family of fused filament fabrication 3D printers , manufactured by Czech company Prusa Research under the trademarked name Original Prusa i3 . Part of the RepRap project , Prusa i3 printers were called the most used 3D printer in the world in 2016. [ 1 ] The first Prusa i3 was designed by Josef Průša ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prusa_i3 |
The now-defunct Prydniprovsky Chemical Plant ( Ukrainian : Придніпровський хімічний завод, ПХЗ ; Prydniprovsky khimichnyi zavod , PHZ , also PChP ) in the city of Kamianske , Ukraine , processed uranium ore for the Soviet nuclear program from 1948 through 1991, preparing yellowcake .
Its processing wastes are now stor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prydniprovsky_Chemical_Plant_radioactive_dumps |
Przybylski's Star (pronounced / p ʃ ɪ ˈ b ɪ l s k iː z / or / ʃ ɪ ˈ b ɪ l s k iː z / ), or HD 101065 , is a rapidly oscillating Ap star at roughly 356 light-years (109 parsecs ) from the Sun in the southern constellation of Centaurus . It has a unique spectrum showing over-abundances of most rare-earth elements , for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przybylski's_Star |
In mathematics , the Prékopa–Leindler inequality is an integral inequality closely related to the reverse Young's inequality , the Brunn–Minkowski inequality and a number of other important and classical inequalities in analysis . The result is named after the Hungarian mathematicians András Prékopa and László Leindler... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prékopa–Leindler_inequality |
The Prévost reaction is a chemical reaction in which an alkene is converted by iodine and the silver salt of benzoic acid to a vicinal diol with anti stereochemistry. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The reaction was discovered by the French chemist Charles Prévost (1899–1983).
The reaction between silver benzoate ( 1 ) and iodine i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prévost_reaction |
In mathematics, the Prüfer manifold or Prüfer surface is a 2-dimensional Hausdorff real analytic manifold that is not paracompact . It was introduced by Radó (1925) and named after Heinz Prüfer .
The Prüfer manifold can be constructed as follows ( Spivak 1979 , appendix A). Take an uncountable number of copies X a of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prüfer_manifold |
The moss millipede ( Psammodesmus bryophorus ) is a keeled millipede of the family Platyrhacidae native to Colombia . It was described in 2011, and with several species of symbiotic moss found growing on its dorsal surface, it is the first millipede known with epizoic plants . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
At least 10 species of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psammodesmus_bryophorus |
Psammon (from Greek "psammos", "sand" [ 1 ] ) is a group of organisms inhabiting coastal sand moist — biota buried in sediments. Psammon is a part of water fauna, along with periphyton , plankton , nekton , and benthos . [ 2 ] Psammon is also sometimes considered a part of benthos due to its near-bottom distribution. [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psammon |
Psammophory is a method by which certain plants armor themselves with sand on their body parts, lowering the chance of them being eaten by animals. Psammophory occurs in plants of the genus Psammophora , which have a viscous mucus on the surface of their leaves, to which sand particles stick. Over 200 species of plants... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psammophory |
A psammophyte is a plant that grows in sandy and often unstable soils. Psammophytes are commonly found growing on beaches , deserts , and sand dunes . Because they thrive in these challenging or inhospitable habitats , psammophytes are considered extremophiles , and are further classified as a type of psammophile .
Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psammophyte |
The Pschorr cyclization is a name reaction in organic chemistry , which was named after its discoverer, the German chemist Robert Pschorr (1868-1930). It describes the intramolecular substitution of aromatic compounds via aryldiazonium salts as intermediates and is catalyzed by copper . The reaction is a variant of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pschorr_cyclization |
Pseudin is a peptide derived from Pseudis paradoxa . [ 1 ] Pseudins have some antimicrobial function. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
There are several different forms:
Pseudin-2 is the most abundant version of the pseudins found on the skin of the paradoxical frog. [ 8 ] The primary sequence reads as GLNALKKVFQGIHEAIKLINNHVQ. Its secon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudin |
In mathematics , specifically in topology , a pseudo-Anosov map is a type of a diffeomorphism or homeomorphism of a surface . It is a generalization of a linear Anosov diffeomorphism of the torus . Its definition relies on the notion of a measured foliation introduced by William Thurston , who also coined the term "pse... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Anosov_map |
Pseudo-modal energies are used for estimating the energy content of a mechanical system near its resonance frequencies. They are defined as the integral of the frequency response function within a certain bandwidth around a resonance. [ 1 ]
This physics -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-modal_energies |
In constructive mathematics , pseudo-order is a name given to certain binary relations appropriate for modeling continuous orderings.
In classical mathematics, its axioms constitute a formulation of a strict total order (also called linear order), which in that context can also be defined in other, equivalent ways.
T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-order |
Pseudo-panspermia (sometimes called soft panspermia , molecular panspermia or quasi-panspermia ) is a well-supported hypothesis for a stage in the origin of life . The theory first asserts that many of the small organic molecules used for life originated in space (for example, being incorporated in the solar nebula , f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-panspermia |
Pseudo-range multilateration , often simply multilateration ( MLAT ) when in context, is a technique for determining the position of an unknown point, such as a vehicle, based on measurement of biased times of flight (TOFs) of energy waves traveling between the vehicle and multiple stations at known locations.
TOFs ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-range_multilateration |
Pseudo-response regulator ( PRR ) refers to a group of genes that regulate the circadian oscillator in plants. There are four primary PRR proteins (PRR9, PRR7, PRR5 and TOC1 /PRR1) that perform the majority of interactions with other proteins within the circadian oscillator, and another (PRR3) that has limited function... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-response_regulator |
In mathematics , and more specifically in abstract algebra , a pseudo-ring is one of the following variants of a ring :
None of these definitions are equivalent, so it is best [ editorializing ] to avoid the term "pseudo-ring" or to clarify which meaning is intended.
This algebra -related article is a stub . You can ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-ring |
The pseudo Jahn–Teller effect (PJTE), occasionally also known as second-order JTE , is a direct extension of the Jahn–Teller effect (JTE) where spontaneous symmetry breaking in polyatomic systems ( molecules and solids ) occurs even when the relevant electronic states are not degenerate .
The PJTE can occur under the i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo_Jahn–Teller_effect |
Pseudo bit error ratio (PBER) in adaptive high-frequency (HF) radio , is a bit error ratio derived by majority logic decoding to processes redundant transmissions.
Note: In adaptive HF radio automatic link establishment , PBER is determined by the extent of error correction, such as by using the fraction of non-unanim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo_bit_error_ratio |
A pseudoacid in organic chemistry is a cyclic oxocarboxylic acid . Most commonly, these form from aldehyde and keto carboxylic acids , and the cyclic forms are furanoid (5-membered ring with oxygen) or pyranoid (6-membered ring with oxygen). The original pseudoacid to be described as such (using the German Pseudosäur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoacid |
In algebra, given a 2- monad T in a 2-category , a pseudoalgebra for T is a 2-category-version of algebra for T , that satisfies the laws up to coherent isomorphisms . [ 1 ]
This category theory -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoalgebra |
Pseudoallelism is a state in which two genes with similar functions are located so close to one another on a chromosome that they are genetically linked. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This means that the two genes (pseudoalleles) are nearly always inherited together. Since the two genes have related functions, they may appear to act as ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoalleles |
The pseudoautosomal regions or PARs are homologous sequences of nucleotides found within the sex chromosomes of species with an XY [ 1 ] or ZW [ 2 ] mechanism of sex determination .
The pseudoautosomal regions get their name because any genes within them (so far at least 29 have been found for humans) [ 3 ] are inheri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoautosomal_region |
In materials science , pseudoelasticity , sometimes called superelasticity , is an elastic (reversible) response to an applied stress , caused by a phase transformation between the austenitic and martensitic phases of a crystal . It is exhibited in shape-memory alloys .
Pseudoelasticity is from the reversible motion ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoelasticity |
In logic , a pseudoelementary class is a class of structures derived from an elementary class (one definable in first-order logic ) by omitting some of its sorts and relations. It is the mathematical logic counterpart of the notion in category theory of (the codomain of) a forgetful functor , and in physics of (hypoth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoelementary_class |
Pseudoenzymes are variants of enzymes that are catalytically-deficient (usually inactive), meaning that they perform little or no enzyme catalysis . [ 1 ] They are believed to be represented in all major enzyme families in the kingdoms of life , where they have important signaling and metabolic functions, many of which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoenzyme |
Pseudoephedrine , sold under the brand name Sudafed among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which is used as a decongestant to treat nasal congestion . [ 1 ] [ 13 ] [ 2 ] It has also been used off-label for certain other indications, like treatment of low blood pressure . [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] At higher doses, it ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoephedrine |
Pseudoextinction (or phyletic extinction ) of a species occurs when all members of the species are extinct , but members of a daughter species remain alive. The term pseudoextinction refers to the evolution of a species into a new form, with the resultant disappearance of the ancestral form. Pseudoextinction results in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoextinction |
Pseudohypoxia refers to a condition that mimics hypoxia, by having sufficient oxygen yet impaired mitochondrial respiration due to a deficiency of necessary co-enzymes , such as NAD + and TPP . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The increased cytosolic ratio of free NADH/NAD + in cells (more NADH than NAD + ) can be caused by diabetic ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudohypoxia |
In the theory of partially ordered sets , a pseudoideal is a subset characterized by a bounding operator LU.
LU( A ) is the set of all lower bounds of the set of all upper bounds of the subset A of a partially ordered set .
A subset I of a partially ordered set ( P , ≤) is a Doyle pseudoideal , if the following cond... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoideal |
Pseudokinases are catalytically-deficient pseudoenzyme [ 1 ] variants of protein kinases that are represented in all kinomes across the kingdoms of life. Pseudokinases have both physiological ( signal transduction ) and pathophysiological functions. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ]
The phrase pseudokinase was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudokinase |
In genetics , pseudolinkage is a characteristic of a heterozygote for a reciprocal translocation , in which genes located near the translocation breakpoint behave as if they are linked even though they originated on nonhomologous chromosomes .
Linkage is the proximity of two or more markers on a chromosome ; the close... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudolinkage |
Pseudomathematics , or mathematical crankery , is a mathematics -like activity that does not adhere to the framework of rigor of formal mathematical practice. Common areas of pseudomathematics are solutions of problems proved to be unsolvable or recognized as extremely hard by experts, as well as attempts to apply math... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomathematics |
The Pseudomonas Genome Database is a database of genomic annotations for Pseudomonas genomes. [ 1 ]
This Biological database -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_Genome_Database |
Φ6 ( Phi 6) is the best-studied bacteriophage of the virus family Cystoviridae . It infects Pseudomonas bacteria (typically plant-pathogenic P. syringae ). It has a three-part, segmented, double-stranded RNA genome , totalling ~13.5 kb in length. Φ6 and its relatives have a lipid membrane around their nucleo capsid , a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_virus_phi6 |
In mathematics , in the field of topology , a topological space is said to be pseudonormal if given two disjoint closed sets in it, one of which is countable , there are disjoint open sets containing them. [ 1 ] Note the following:
An example of a pseudonormal Moore space that is not metrizable was given by F. B. Jone... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonormal_space |
In physics , a pseudopotential or effective potential is used as an approximation for the simplified description of complex systems. Applications include atomic physics and neutron scattering . The pseudopotential approximation was first introduced by Hans Hellmann in 1934. [ 1 ]
The pseudopotential is an attempt to r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudopotential |
Pseudoproteases are catalytically-deficient pseudoenzyme variants of proteases that are represented across the kingdoms of life. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
This molecular biology article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoprotease |
In cryptography , a pseudorandom ensemble is a family of variables meeting the following criteria:
Let U = { U n } n ∈ N {\displaystyle U=\{U_{n}\}_{n\in \mathbb {N} }} be a uniform ensemble and X = { X n } n ∈ N {\displaystyle X=\{X_{n}\}_{n\in \mathbb {N} }} be an ensemble . The ensemble X {\displaystyle X} is calle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom_ensemble |
In theoretical computer science and cryptography , a pseudorandom generator (PRG) for a class of statistical tests is a deterministic procedure that maps a random seed to a longer pseudorandom string such that no statistical test in the class can distinguish between the output of the generator and the uniform distribut... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom_generator |
In graph theory , a graph is said to be a pseudorandom graph if it obeys certain properties that random graphs obey with high probability . There is no concrete definition of graph pseudorandomness , but there are many reasonable characterizations of pseudorandomness one can consider.
Pseudorandom properties were firs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom_graph |
Pseudorationalism was the label given by economist and philosopher Otto Neurath to a school of thought that he was heavily critical of, which relies on an erroneous vision of the process of thinking and moral action. He made these criticisms throughout many of his writings, but primarily in his 1913 paper "The lost wan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorationalism |
In chemistry , a pseudorotation is a set of intramolecular movements of attached groups (i.e., ligands ) on a highly symmetric molecule , leading to a molecule indistinguishable from the initial one. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) defines a pseudorotation as a " stereoisomerization resu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorotation |
In linear algebra , a pseudoscalar is a quantity that behaves like a scalar , except that it changes sign under a parity inversion [ 1 ] [ 2 ] while a true scalar does not.
A pseudoscalar, when multiplied by an ordinary vector , becomes a pseudovector (or axial vector ); a similar construction creates the pseudotensor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar |
In physics and mathematics , a pseudotensor is usually a quantity that transforms like a tensor under an orientation-preserving coordinate transformation (e.g. a proper rotation ) but additionally changes sign under an orientation-reversing coordinate transformation (e.g., an improper rotation ), which is a transformat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudotensor |
Pseudotropine ( 3β-tropanol , ψ-tropine , 3-pseudotropanol , or PTO ) is a derivative of tropane and an isomer of tropine . Pseudotropine can be found in the Coca plant along with several other alkaloids [ 1 ]
This biochemistry article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudotropine |
In physics and mathematics , a pseudovector (or axial vector ) [ 2 ] is a quantity that transforms like a vector under continuous rigid transformations such as rotations or translations , but which does not transform like a vector under certain discontinuous rigid transformations such as reflections . For example, the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector |
PsiQuantum, Corp. (formerly PsiQ) [ 3 ] is an American quantum computing company based in Palo Alto , California . It is developing a general-purpose silicon photonic quantum computer. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ]
PsiQuantum was co-founded in 2016 by Jeremy O'Brien , Terry Rudolph , Peter Shadbolt, and Mark Thompson. They are or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PsiQuantum |
The Psion Wavefinder was a computer peripheral for receiving digital audio broadcasting radio signals, made by Psion . It attached via USB to a personal computer, and had no loudspeakers or controls of its own, with only a flashing light on the device. Psion hoped it would become a design classic. [ 1 ]
The Wavefinder... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psion_Wavefinder |
In telecommunications , a psophometer is an instrument that measures the perceptible noise of a telephone circuit. [ 1 ]
The core of the meter is based on a true RMS voltmeter , which measures the level of the noise signal. This was used for the first psophometers, in the 1930s. [ 2 ] As the human-perceived level of n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psophometer |
Psophometric voltage is a circuit noise voltage measured with a psophometer that includes a CCIF-1951 [ 1 ] weighting network .
"Psophometric voltage" should not be confused with "psophometric emf," i.e. , the emf in a generator or line with 600 Ω internal resistance. For practical purposes, the psophometric emf is tw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psophometric_voltage |
Researchers have noted the relationship between psychedelics and ecology , particularly in relation to the altered states of consciousness (ASC) produced by psychedelic drugs and the perception of interconnectedness expressed through ecological ideas and themes produced by the psychedelic experience. This is felt thro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelics_and_ecology |
Psychochemical warfare involves the use of psychopharmacological agents ( mind-altering drugs or chemicals ) with the intention of incapacitating an adversary through the temporary induction of hallucinations or delirium . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These agents, often called " drug weapons ", are generally considered chemical weapon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychochemical_warfare |
Various researchers have undertaken efforts to examine the psychological effects of Internet use . Some research employs studying brain functions in Internet users. Some studies assert that these changes are harmful, while others argue that asserted changes are beneficial. [ 1 ]
American writer Nicholas Carr asserts t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_effects_of_Internet_use |
Psychologism is a family of philosophical positions, according to which certain psychological facts, laws, or entities play a central role in grounding or explaining certain non-psychological facts, laws, or entities. The word was coined by Johann Eduard Erdmann as Psychologismus , being translated into English as psyc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologism |
Psychology, philosophy and physiology ( PPP ) was a degree program at the University of Oxford . It was Oxford's
first psychology degree, beginning in 1947, but admitted its last students in October 2010. It has been, in part, replaced by psychology, philosophy, and linguistics (PPL, in which students usually study two... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology,_philosophy_and_physiology |
The psychology of reasoning (also known as the cognitive science of reasoning [ 1 ] ) is the study of how people reason , often broadly defined as the process of drawing conclusions to inform how people solve problems and make decisions . [ 2 ] It overlaps with psychology , philosophy , linguistics , cognitive science ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_reasoning |
Psychoneuroimmunology ( PNI ), also referred to as psychoendoneuroimmunology ( PENI ) or psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology ( PNEI ), is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a subfield of psychosomatic medicine . PNI takes an in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoneuroimmunology |
Psychopathology is the study of mental illness. It includes the signs and symptoms of all mental disorders. The field includes abnormal cognition, maladaptive behavior, and experiences which differ according to social norms. This discipline is an in-depth look into symptoms, behaviors, causes, course, development, cate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopathology |
Psychotoxicity is a pharmacology term that refers to the effect when a drug interferes seriously with normal behaviour. [ 1 ]
This medical symptom article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychotoxicity |
The psychrometric constant γ {\displaystyle \gamma } relates the partial pressure of water in air to the air temperature. This lets one interpolate actual vapor pressure from paired dry and wet thermometer bulb temperature readings. [ 1 ]
Both λ v {\displaystyle \lambda _{v}} and M W r a t i o {\displaystyle MW_{rat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychrometric_constant |
Psychrophiles or cryophiles (adj. psychrophilic or cryophilic ) are extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures, ranging from −20 °C (−4 °F) [ 2 ] to 20 °C (68 °F). [ 3 ] They are found in places that are permanently cold, such as the polar regions and the deep sea. They can ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychrophile |
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