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A scalar is an element of a field which is used to define a vector space .
In linear algebra , real numbers or generally elements of a field are called scalars and relate to vectors in an associated vector space through the operation of scalar multiplication (defined in the vector space), in which a vector can be multi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_(mathematics) |
In mathematics and physics , a scalar field is a function associating a single [ dubious – discuss ] number to each point in a region of space – possibly physical space . The scalar may either be a pure mathematical number ( dimensionless ) or a scalar physical quantity (with units ).
In a physical context, scalar fie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_field |
In astrophysics and cosmology scalar field dark matter is a classical, minimally coupled, scalar field postulated to account for the inferred dark matter . [ 2 ]
The universe may be accelerating, fueled perhaps by a cosmological constant or some
other field possessing long range 'repulsive' effects. A model must predi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_field_dark_matter |
In general relativity , a scalar field solution is an exact solution of the Einstein field equation in which the gravitational field is due entirely to the field energy and momentum of a scalar field . Such a field may or may not be massless , and it may be taken to have minimal curvature coupling , or some other choi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_field_solution |
In linear algebra , a diagonal matrix is a matrix in which the entries outside the main diagonal are all zero; the term usually refers to square matrices . Elements of the main diagonal can either be zero or nonzero. An example of a 2×2 diagonal matrix is [ 3 0 0 2 ] {\displaystyle \left[{\begin{smallmatrix}3&0\\0&2\en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_transformation |
In theoretical physics , a scalar–tensor theory is a field theory that includes both a scalar field and a tensor field to represent a certain interaction. For example, the Brans–Dicke theory of gravitation uses both a scalar field and a tensor field to mediate the gravitational interaction .
Modern physics tries to d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar–tensor_theory |
Scalar–tensor–vector gravity ( STVG ) [ 1 ] is a modified theory of gravity developed by John Moffat , a researcher at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario . The theory is also often referred to by the acronym MOG ( MO dified G ravity ).
Scalar–tensor–vector gravity theory, [ 2 ] also k... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar–tensor–vector_gravity |
A scale-down bioreactor is a miniature model designed to mimic or reproduce large-scale bio-processes or specific process steps on a smaller scale. These models play an important role during process development stage by fine-tuning the minute parameters and steps without the need for substantial investments in both mat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale-down_bioreactor |
The scale of a chemical process refers to the rough ranges in mass or volume of a chemical reaction or process that define the appropriate category of chemical apparatus and equipment required to accomplish it, and the concepts, priorities, and economies that operate at each. While the specific terms used—and limits of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(chemistry) |
In zoology , a scale ( Ancient Greek : λεπίς , romanized : lepís ; Latin : squāma ) is a small rigid plate made out of keratin that grows out of Vertebrate animals ' skin to provide protection. In lepidopterans ( butterflies and moths ), scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing , made out of chitin instead o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(zoology) |
Scale analysis (or order-of-magnitude analysis ) is a powerful tool used in the mathematical sciences for the simplification of equations with many terms. First the approximate magnitude of individual terms in the equations is determined. Then some negligibly small terms may be ignored.
Consider for example the moment... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_analysis_(mathematics) |
The scale cube is a technology model that indicates three methods (or approaches) by which technology platforms may be scaled to meet increasing levels of demand upon the system in question. The three approaches defined by the model include scaling through replication or cloning (the “X axis”), scaling through segmenta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_cube |
A scale model is a physical model that is geometrically similar to an object (known as the prototype ). Scale models are generally smaller than large prototypes such as vehicles, buildings, or people; but may be larger than small prototypes such as anatomical structures or subatomic particles. Models built to the same ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_model |
Scale models of the Bastille were produced between 1789 and 1790 by the businessman Pierre-François Palloy using stones from the demolition of the Bastille , the building they portray.
Following the fall of the Bastille on 14 July 1789 Palloy decided to take charge of its demolition, gaining official authorisation to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_models_of_the_Bastille |
A scale of chords may be used to set or read an angle in the absence of a protractor . To draw an angle, compasses describe an arc from origin with a radius taken from the 60 mark. The required angle is copied from the scale by the compasses, and an arc of this radius drawn from the sixty mark so it intersects the firs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_of_chords |
Scale of temperature is a methodology of calibrating the physical quantity temperature in metrology . Empirical scales measure temperature in relation to convenient and stable parameters or reference points , such as the freezing and boiling point of water . Absolute temperature is based on thermodynamic principles: us... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_of_temperature |
A scale test car is a type of railroad car in maintenance of way service. Its purpose is to calibrate the weighing scales used to weigh loaded railroad cars. Scale test cars are of a precisely known weight so that the track scale can be calibrated against them. [ 1 ]
Cars are weighed for various purposes. These incl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_test_car |
The Scaled Particle Theory (SPT) is an equilibrium theory of hard-sphere fluids which gives an approximate expression for the equation of state of hard-sphere mixtures and for their thermodynamic properties such as the surface tension . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Consider the one-component homogeneous hard-sphere fluid with molecule... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaled_particle_theory |
" Candidatus Scalindua brodae " is a bacterial member of the order Planctomycetales [ 1 ] and therefore lacks peptidoglycan in its cell wall , has a compartmentalized cytoplasm . It is an ammonium oxidising bacteria.
This bacteria -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalindua_brodae |
Candidatus Scalindua wagneri is a Gram-negative coccoid-shaped bacterium that was first isolated from a wastewater treatment plant. [ 1 ] This bacterium is an obligate anaerobic chemolithotroph that undergoes anaerobic ammonium oxidation ( anammox ). [ 1 ] It can be used in the wastewater treatment industry in nitrogen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalindua_wagneri |
In affine geometry , uniform scaling (or isotropic scaling [ 1 ] ) is a linear transformation that enlarges (increases) or shrinks (diminishes) objects by a scale factor that is the same in all directions ( isotropically ). The result of uniform scaling is similar (in the geometric sense) to the original. A scale fact... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaling_(geometry) |
In mathematics , a change of variables is a basic technique used to simplify problems in which the original variables are replaced with functions of other variables. The intent is that when expressed in new variables, the problem may become simpler, or equivalent to a better understood problem.
Change of variables is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaling_and_shifting |
In spatial ecology and macroecology , scaling pattern of occupancy ( SPO ), also known as the area-of-occupancy ( AOO ) is the way in which species distribution changes across spatial scales. In physical geography and image analysis , it is similar to the modifiable areal unit problem . Simon A. Levin (1992) [ 1 ] sta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaling_pattern_of_occupancy |
In physics, the scallop theorem states that a swimmer that performs a reciprocal motion cannot achieve net displacement in a low- Reynolds number Newtonian fluid environment, i.e. a fluid that is highly viscous . Such a swimmer deforms its body into a particular shape through a sequence of motions and then reverts to t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scallop_theorem |
Scam call centers operate in Ukraine , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] including major cities such as Kyiv and Dnipro . Under Article 190 of The Criminal Code of Ukraine, the activities of these call centers are considered illegal. [ 3 ] According to Sberbank , the "capital" of phone fraud is Dnipro, [ 4 ] and up to 95% of calls to Russia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scam_call_centers_in_Ukraine |
The ScanPyramids [ 1 ] mission is an Egyptian-International project designed and led by Cairo University and the French HIP Institute (Heritage Innovation Preservation). [ 2 ] This project aims at scanning Old Kingdom Egyptian Pyramids ( Khufu , Khafre , the Bent and the Red ) to detect the presence of unknown internal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScanPyramids |
The Scandinavian Logic Society , abbreviated as SLS , is a not-for-profit organization with objective to organize, promote, and support logic-related events and other activities of relevance for the development of logic-related research and education in the Nordic Region of Europe. [ 1 ]
The society is a member of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_Logic_Society |
Scandium(III) sulfide is a chemical compound of scandium and sulfur with the chemical formula Sc 2 S 3 . It is a yellow solid.
The crystal structure of Sc 2 S 3 is closely related to that of sodium chloride , in that it is based on a cubic close packed array of anions. Whereas NaCl has all the octahedral interstices ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandium(III)_sulfide |
Scandium sulfate is the scandium salt of sulfuric acid and has the formula Sc 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .
This inorganic compound –related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandium_sulfate |
In condensed matter physics , scanning SQUID microscopy is a technique where a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is used to image surface magnetic field strength with micrometre -scale resolution . A tiny SQUID is mounted onto a tip which is then rastered near the surface of the sample to be measured.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_SQUID_microscope |
In condensed matter physics , scanning SQUID microscopy is a technique where a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is used to image surface magnetic field strength with micrometre -scale resolution . A tiny SQUID is mounted onto a tip which is then rastered near the surface of the sample to be measured.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_SQUID_microscopy |
Scanning electrochemical microscopy ( SECM ) is a technique within the broader class of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) that is used to measure the local electrochemical behavior of liquid/solid, liquid/gas and liquid/liquid interfaces. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Initial characterization of the technique was credite... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_electrochemical_microscopy |
Scanning Flow Cell (SFC) is an electrochemical technique , based on the principle of channel electrode. The electrolyte is continuously flowing over a substrate that is introduced externally on translation stage. In contrast to the reference and counter electrode that are integrated in the main channel or placed in sid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_flow_cell |
The scanning helium microscope (SHeM) is a form of microscopy that uses low-energy (5–100 meV) neutral helium atoms to image the surface of a sample without any damage to the sample caused by the imaging process. Since helium is inert and neutral, it can be used to study delicate and insulating surfaces. Images are for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_helium_microscopy |
A scanning mobility particle sizer ( SMPS ) is an analytical instrument that measures the size and number concentration of aerosol particles with diameters from 2.5 nm to 1000 nm. [ 1 ] They employ a continuous, fast-scanning technique to provide high-resolution measurements.
The particles that are investigated can be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_mobility_particle_sizer |
Scanning probe lithography [ 1 ] ( SPL ) describes a set of nanolithographic methods to pattern material on the nanoscale using scanning probes. It is a direct-write, mask-less approach which bypasses the diffraction limit and can reach resolutions below 10 nm. [ 2 ] It is considered an alternative lithographic technol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_probe_lithography |
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) , an extension of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), is used to provide information about the density of electrons in a sample as a function of their energy.
In scanning tunneling microscopy, a metal tip is moved over a conducting sample without making physical contact. A bias ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_tunneling_spectroscopy |
Scanning vibrating electrode technique ( SVET ), also known as vibrating probe within the field of biology , is a scanning probe microscopy (SPM) technique which visualizes electrochemical processes at a sample. It was originally introduced in 1974 by Jaffe and Nuccitelli to investigate the electrical current densities... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_vibrating_electrode_technique |
The scapular line , also known as the linea scapularis, is a vertical line passing through the inferior angle of the scapula . [ 1 ]
It has been used in the evaluation of brachial plexus birth palsy. [ 2 ]
This anatomy article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapular_line |
Scarab was a professional fraternity in the field of architecture . It was founded in 1909 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as the first group of its type for architecture. [ 1 ]
Scarab was founded on February 25, 1909, at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . [ 1 ] Its members were student... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarab_(fraternity) |
The Scarborough criterion is used for satisfying convergence of a solution while solving linear equations using an iterative method .
Analytical solutions for certain systems of equations can be difficult or impossible to obtain. A well known example are the Navier-Stokes equations describing the flow of Newtonian flu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarborough_criterion |
The Scatchard equation is an equation used in molecular biology to calculate the affinity and number of binding sites of a receptor for a ligand . [ 1 ] It is named after the American chemist George Scatchard. [ 2 ]
Throughout this article, [ RL ] denotes the concentration of a receptor-ligand complex, [ R ] the conce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatchard_equation |
In mathematical order theory , a scattered order is a linear order that contains no densely ordered subset with more than one element. [ 1 ]
A characterization due to Hausdorff states that the class of all scattered orders is the smallest class of linear orders that contains the singleton orders and is closed under we... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattered_order |
In physics, scattering is a wide range of physical processes where moving particles or radiation of some form, such as light or sound , are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities (including particles and radiation) in the medium through which they pass. In conventional use, this also... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering |
In quantum physics , the scattering amplitude is the probability amplitude of the outgoing spherical wave relative to the incoming plane wave in a stationary-state scattering process . [ 1 ]
Scattering in quantum mechanics begins with a physical model based on the Schrodinger wave equation for probability amplitude ψ ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering_amplitude |
In scattering theory , a scattering channel is a quantum state of the colliding system before or after the collision ( t → ± ∞ {\displaystyle t\to \pm \infty } ). The Hilbert space spanned by the states before collision (in states) is equal to the space spanned by the states after collision (out states) which are both... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering_channel |
Surface roughness scattering or interface roughness scattering is the elastic scattering of particles against a rough solid surface or imperfect interface between two different materials. This effect has been observed in classical systems, such as microparticle scattering, [ 1 ] as well as quantum systems , where it a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering_from_rough_surfaces |
The scattering length in quantum mechanics describes low-energy scattering . For potentials that decay faster than 1 / r 3 {\displaystyle 1/r^{3}} as r → ∞ {\displaystyle r\to \infty } , it is defined as the following low-energy limit :
where a {\displaystyle a} is the scattering length, k {\displaystyle k} is the wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering_length |
In physics, scattering is a wide range of physical processes where moving particles or radiation of some form, such as light or sound , are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities (including particles and radiation) in the medium through which they pass. In conventional use, this also... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering_theory |
Scavengers are animals that consume dead organisms that have died from causes other than predation or have been killed by other predators. [ 1 ] While scavenging generally refers to carnivores feeding on carrion , it is also a herbivorous feeding behavior . [ 2 ] Scavengers play an important role in the ecosystem by co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavenger |
A scavenger in chemistry is a chemical substance added to a mixture in order to remove or de-activate impurities and unwanted reaction products, for example oxygen, to make sure that they will not cause any unfavorable reactions. Their use is wide-ranged: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavenger_(chemistry) |
Scavenger resins are polymers (resins) with bound functional groups that react with specific by-products, impurities, or excess reagents produced in a reaction. Polymer-bound functional groups permit the use of many different scavengers, as the functional groups are confined within a resin or are simply bound to the so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavenger_resin |
In the field of vehicular automation a scenario denotes a sequence of snapshots of the environment and the actions of a vehicle. Scenarios are created to represent real-world situations and are used for development, testing, and validation purposes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
According to ASAM 's OpenODD concept paper, scenarios are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scenario_(vehicular_automation) |
Scenario planning , scenario thinking , scenario analysis , [ 1 ] scenario prediction [ 2 ] and the scenario method [ 3 ] all describe a strategic planning method that some organizations use to make flexible long-term plans. It is in large part an adaptation and generalization of classic methods used by military intell... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scenario_planning |
SceneKit , sometimes rendered Scene Kit , is a 3D graphics application programming interface (API) for Apple Inc. platforms written in Objective-C . It is a high-level framework designed to provide an easy-to-use layer over the lower level APIs like OpenGL and Metal . [ 1 ] SceneKit maintains an object based scene grap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SceneKit |
Scene statistics is a discipline within the field of perception . It is concerned with the statistical regularities related to scenes . It is based on the premise that a perceptual system is designed to interpret scenes .
Biological perceptual systems have evolved in response to physical properties of natural enviro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scene_statistics |
Scenechronize (stylized as scenechronize) is a computer software platform , developed by Clever Machine Inc., for television and movie production companies. Its purpose is to reduce the need for paper materials used during the production process, in order to reduce waste.
Clever Machine was founded in December 2003 an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scenechronize |
The Scenedesmus obliquus mitochondrial code (translation table 22) is a genetic code found in the mitochondria of Scenedesmus obliquus , a species of green algae . [ 1 ]
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scenedesmus_obliquus_mitochondrial_code |
Scenic design , also known as stage design or set design , is the creation of scenery for theatrical productions including plays and musicals . The term can also be applied to film and television [ 1 ] productions, where it may be referred to as production design . [ 2 ] Scenic designers create sets and scenery to supp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scenic_design |
Sceptrum Brandenburgicum (or Sceptrum Brandenburgium – Latin for scepter of Brandenburg ) was a constellation created in 1688 by Gottfried Kirch , astronomer of the Prussian Royal Society of Sciences. It represented the scepter used by the royal family of the Brandenburgs . It was west from the constellation of Lepus .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sceptrum_Brandenburgicum |
Sceptrum et Manus Iustitiae ( Latin for scepter and hand of justice ) was a constellation created by Augustin Royer in 1679 to honor king Louis XIV of France . It was formed from stars of what is today the constellations Lacerta and western Andromeda .
Due to the awkward name the constellation was modified and name cha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sceptrum_et_Manus_Iustitiae |
ScerTF is a comprehensive database of position weight matrices for the transcription factors of Saccharomyces . [ 1 ]
This Biological database -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScerTF |
The Schaeffer–Fulton stain is a technique designed to isolate endospores by staining any present endospores green, and any other bacterial bodies red. [ 1 ] The primary stain is malachite green , and the counterstain is safranin , which dyes any other bacterial bodies red.
Endospores cannot be stained by normal staini... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaeffer–Fulton_stain |
In mathematics , the Schauenbug–Ng theorem is a theorem about the modular group representations of modular tensor categories proved by Siu-Hung Ng and Peter Schauenburg in 2010. It asserts that that the kernels of the modular representations of all modular tensor categories are congruence subgroups of SL 2 ( Z ) {\disp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schauenburg–Ng_theorem |
A scheduled-task pattern is a type of software design pattern used with real-time systems. [ 1 ] It is not to be confused with the " scheduler pattern ".
While the scheduler pattern delays access to a resource (be it a function, variable, or otherwise) only as long as absolutely needed, the scheduled-task pattern dela... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduled-task_pattern |
The schedules of substances annexed to the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) list toxic substances and their precursors which can be used for the production of chemical weapons , the use of which is permitted by State Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention only to a limited extent under the supervision of the Organ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schedules_of_substances_annexed_to_the_Chemical_Weapons_Convention |
In metallurgy , the Scheil-Gulliver equation (or Scheil equation ) describes solute redistribution during solidification of an alloy .
Four key assumptions in Scheil analysis enable determination of phases present in a cast part. These assumptions are:
The fourth condition (straight solidus/liquidus segments) may be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheil_equation |
In mathematics , Scheinerman's conjecture , now a theorem, states that every planar graph is the intersection graph of a set of line segments in the plane. This conjecture was formulated by E. R. Scheinerman in his Ph.D. thesis (1984) , following earlier results that every planar graph could be represented as the inter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheinerman's_conjecture |
Schellman loops (also called Schellman motifs or paperclips ) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] are commonly occurring structural features of proteins and polypeptides . [ 11 ] Each has six amino acid residues (labelled residues i to i +5) with two specific inter-mainchain hydrogen bonds (as ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schellman_loop |
A schema for horizontal dials is a set of instructions used to construct horizontal sundials using compass and straightedge construction techniques, which were widely used in Europe from the late fifteenth century to the late nineteenth century. The common horizontal sundial is a geometric projection of an equatorial s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema_for_horizontal_dials |
The Schenck ene reaction or the Schenk reaction is the reaction of singlet oxygen with alkenes to yield hydroperoxides . The hydroperoxides can be reduced to allylic alcohols or eliminate to form unsaturated carbonyl compounds. It is a type II photooxygenation reaction , and is discovered in 1944 by Günther Otto Schenc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schenck_ene_reaction |
In theoretical physics , the Scherk–Schwarz mechanism (named after Joël Scherk and John Henry Schwarz ) for a field φ basically means that φ is a section of a non- trivializable fiber bundle (not necessarily a vector bundle since φ needn't be linear) which is fixed by the model. This is called a twist by physicists.
N... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scherk–Schwarz_mechanism |
Scheutjens–Fleer theory is a lattice-based self-consistent field theory that is the basis for many computational analyses of polymer adsorption .
This article about polymer science is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .
This article about statistical mechanics is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheutjens–Fleer_theory |
The Schick test , developed in 1913, [ 1 ] is a skin test used to determine whether or not a person is susceptible to diphtheria . [ 2 ] It was named after its inventor, Béla Schick (1877–1967), a Hungarian-born American pediatrician. [ citation needed ]
The test is a simple procedure. A small amount (0.1 ml) of dilu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schick_test |
In organic chemistry , a Schiff base (named after Hugo Schiff ) is a compound with the general structure R 1 R 2 C=NR 3 ( R 3 = alkyl or aryl , but not hydrogen ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They can be considered a sub-class of imines , being either secondary ketimines or secondary aldimines depending on their structure. Anil refers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiff_base |
The Schiff test is an early organic chemistry named reaction developed by Hugo Schiff , [ 1 ] and is a relatively general chemical test for detection of many organic aldehydes that has also found use in the staining of biological tissues. [ 2 ] The Schiff reagent is the reaction product of a dye formulation such as fuc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiff_test |
The Schikorr reaction formally describes the conversion of the iron(II) hydroxide (Fe(OH) 2 ) into iron(II,III) oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ). This transformation reaction was first studied by Gerhard Schikorr . The global reaction follows:
It is of special interest in the context of the serpentinization , the formation of hydrog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schikorr_reaction |
In pharmacology , Schild regression analysis , based upon the Schild equation , both named for Heinz Otto Schild , are tools for studying the effects of agonists and antagonists on the response caused by the receptor or on ligand-receptor binding.
Dose-response curves can be constructed to describe response or ligand-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schild_equation |
Schill+Seilacher , also known by its brand name Struktol , is a German chemical company. It was founded in 1877, and produces chemicals for the textile and paper industry.
On November 1, 1877, the brothers-in-law Christoph Seilacher and Karl Schill founded the company in Heilbronn as a chemical factory for the manufac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schill+Seilacher |
The Schilling test was a medical investigation used for patients with vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) deficiency. [ 1 ] The purpose of the test was to determine how well a patient is able to absorb B 12 from their intestinal tract. The test is now considered obsolete and is rarely performed, and is no longer available at man... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schilling_test |
Schisandrins [ 1 ] ( schizandrins ) are a group of bioactive chemical compounds found in Schisandra rubriflora , Schisandra sphenanthera , and Schisandra chinensis . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Schizandrin is a tannin . [ 4 ]
3,4,5,14,15,16-hexamethoxy-9,10-dimethyltricyclo[10.4.0.02,7]hexadeca-1(16),2,4,6,12,14-hexaen-9-ol
* Compute... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schisandrin |
Schizocoely (adjective forms: schizocoelous or schizocoelic ) is a process by which some animal embryos develop . The schizocoely mechanism occurs when secondary body cavities ( coeloms ) are formed by splitting a solid mass of mesodermal embryonic tissue. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] All schizocoelomates are protostomians [ contradict... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizocoely |
The Schlenk equilibrium, named after its discoverer Wilhelm Schlenk , is a chemical equilibrium taking place in solutions of Grignard reagents [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and Hauser bases [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
The process described is an equilibrium between two equivalents of an alkyl or aryl magnesium halide on the left of the equation and on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlenk_equilibrium |
A Schlenk flask , or Schlenk tube , is a reaction vessel typically used in air-sensitive chemistry, invented by Wilhelm Schlenk . It has a side arm fitted with a PTFE or ground glass stopcock , which allows the vessel to be evacuated or filled with gases (usually inert gases like nitrogen or argon ). These flasks are o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlenk_flask |
The Schlenk line (also vacuum gas manifold ) is a commonly used chemistry apparatus developed by Wilhelm Schlenk . [ 1 ] It consists of a dual manifold with several ports. [ 2 ] One manifold is connected to a source of purified inert gas , while the other is connected to a vacuum pump . The inert-gas line is vented thr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlenk_line |
Schlichting jet is a steady, laminar, round jet, emerging into a stationary fluid of the same kind with very high Reynolds number . The problem was formulated and solved by Hermann Schlichting in 1933, [ 1 ] who also formulated the corresponding planar Bickley jet problem in the same paper. [ 2 ] The Landau-Squire jet ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlichting_jet |
In geometry , the Schläfli symbol is a notation of the form { p , q , r , . . . } {\displaystyle \{p,q,r,...\}} that defines regular polytopes and tessellations .
The Schläfli symbol is named after the 19th-century Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli , [ 1 ] : 143 who generalized Euclidean geometry to more than three ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schläfli_symbol |
Schlömilch's series is a Fourier series type expansion of twice continuously differentiable function in the interval ( 0 , π ) {\displaystyle (0,\pi )} in terms of the Bessel function of the first kind , named after the German mathematician Oskar Schlömilch , who derived the series in 1857. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlömilch's_series |
In materials science , Schmid's law (also Schmid factor [ a ] ) states that slip begins in a crystalline material when the resolved shear stress on a slip system reaches a critical value, known as the critical resolved shear stress . [ 2 ]
A slip system can be described by two vectors: a vector normal to the slip plan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmid's_law |
The double bond rule , postulated by Otto Schmidt in 1932, relates to the enhanced reactivity of sigma bonds attached to an atom adjacent to a double bond. [ 1 ] Examples of this phenomenon include the difference in reactivity of allyl bromides as compared to bromo alkenes and benzyl bromides are compared to bromobenze... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt_double_bond_rule |
In fluid dynamics , the Schmidt number (denoted Sc ) of a fluid is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of momentum diffusivity ( kinematic viscosity ) and mass diffusivity , and it is used to characterize fluid flows in which there are simultaneous momentum and mass diffusion convection processes. It was named ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt_number |
In organic chemistry , the Schmidt reaction is an organic reaction in which an azide reacts with a carbonyl derivative, usually an aldehyde , ketone , or carboxylic acid , under acidic conditions to give an amine or amide , with expulsion of nitrogen . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is named after Karl Friedrich Schmidt (1887–19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt_reaction |
In electronics , a Schmitt trigger is a comparator circuit with hysteresis implemented by applying positive feedback to the noninverting input of a comparator or differential amplifier. It is an active circuit which converts an analog input signal to a digital output signal. The circuit is named a trigger because the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmitt_trigger |
Schmutzdecke [ 1 ] ( German , "dirt cover" or dirty skin, sometimes wrongly spelled schmutzedecke ) is a hypogeal biological layer formed on the surface of a slow sand filter and a form of periphyton . [ 2 ] The schmutzdecke is the layer that provides the effective purification in potable water treatment, the underlyin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmutzdecke |
Schneider flow describes the axisymmetric outer flow induced by a laminar or turbulent jet having a large jet Reynolds number or by a laminar plume with a large Grashof number , in the case where the fluid domain is bounded by a wall. When the jet Reynolds number or the plume Grashof number is large, the full flow fiel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schneider_flow |
In mathematics , the Schneider–Lang theorem is a refinement by Lang (1966) of a theorem of Schneider (1949) about the transcendence of values of meromorphic functions . The theorem implies both the Hermite–Lindemann and Gelfond–Schneider theorems , and implies the transcendence of some values of elliptic functions and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schneider–Lang_theorem |
In additive number theory , the Schnirelmann density of a sequence of numbers is a way to measure how "dense" the sequence is. It is named after Russian mathematician Lev Schnirelmann , who was the first to study it. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The Schnirelmann density of a set of natural numbers A is defined as
where A ( n ) denote... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnirelmann-Landau_conjecture |
In additive number theory , the Schnirelmann density of a sequence of numbers is a way to measure how "dense" the sequence is. It is named after Russian mathematician Lev Schnirelmann , who was the first to study it. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The Schnirelmann density of a set of natural numbers A is defined as
where A ( n ) denote... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnirelmann_density |
A Schnorr group , proposed by Claus P. Schnorr , is a large prime-order subgroup of Z p × {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{p}^{\times }} , the multiplicative group of integers modulo p {\displaystyle p} for some prime p {\displaystyle p} . To generate such a group, generate p {\displaystyle p} , q {\displaystyle q} , r {\d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnorr_group |
In graph theory , Schnyder's theorem is a characterization of planar graphs in terms
of the order dimension of their incidence posets . It is named after Walter Schnyder, who published its proof in 1989 .
The incidence poset P ( G ) of an undirected graph G with vertex set V and edge set E is the partially ordered set... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnyder's_theorem |
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