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A solar telescope or a solar observatory is a special-purpose telescope used to observe the Sun . Solar telescopes usually detect light with wavelengths in, or not far outside, the visible spectrum . Obsolete names for Sun telescopes include heliograph and photoheliograph .
Solar telescopes need optics large enough to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_telescope |
Solar water disinfection , in short SODIS , is a type of portable water purification that uses solar energy to make biologically-contaminated (e.g. bacteria, viruses, protozoa and worms) water safe to drink. Water contaminated with non-biological agents such as toxic chemicals or heavy metals require additional steps t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_water_disinfection |
Solarization refers to a phenomenon in physics where a material undergoes a temporary change in color after being subjected to high-energy electromagnetic radiation , such as ultraviolet light or X-rays . Clear glass and many plastics will turn amber, green or other colors when subjected to X-radiation, and glass may t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarization_(physics) |
Solarroller is a BEAM dragster photovore robot run by solar panel that utilizes sunlight . In competitions between solarrollers, each one must run one meter in the shortest time possible. Components include pager motors , capacitors , resistors , transistors , and solar panels.
There are several different kinds of con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarroller |
Solder ( UK : / ˈ s ɒ l d ə , ˈ s ə ʊ l d ə / ; [ 1 ] NA : / ˈ s ɒ d ər / ) [ 2 ] is a fusible metal alloy used to create a permanent bond between metal workpieces. Solder is melted in order to wet the parts of the joint, where it adheres to and connects the pieces after cooling. Metals or alloys suitable for use as so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder |
Solder is a metallic material that is used to connect metal workpieces. The choice of specific solder alloys depends on their melting point , chemical reactivity, mechanical properties, toxicity, and other properties. Hence a wide range of solder alloys exist, and only major ones are listed below. Since early 2000s the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder_alloys |
Solder fatigue is the mechanical degradation of solder due to deformation under cyclic loading. This can often occur at stress levels below the yield stress of solder as a result of repeated temperature fluctuations, mechanical vibrations , or mechanical loads . Techniques to evaluate solder fatigue behavior include fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder_fatigue |
The Soldier Creek Kilns near Stockton, Utah date from about 1873, the time of their construction, and were in use up until about 1899. Also known as the Waterman Coking Ovens , they were listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1980. The listing included 14 contributing structures over 30 acres (1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldier_Creek_Kilns |
Solemya is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the family Solemyidae , the awning clams. Solemya is the type genus of the family Solemyidae.
The shell valves of species in this genus are fragile and subcylindrical in shape; there are no hinge teeth . The shell has a persistent thin periostracum whic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solemya |
Solemya velum , the Atlantic awning clam , is a species of marine bivalve mollusc in the family Solemyidae , the awning clams. This species is found along the eastern coast of North America, from Nova Scotia to Florida [ 1 ] and inhabits subtidal sediments with high organic matter (OM) content and low Oxygen, such as ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solemya_velum |
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Solemyidae is a family of saltwater clams, marine protobranch bivalve mollusks in the order Solemyida . [ 2 ]
Solemyids are remarkable in that their digestive tract is either extremely small or non-existent, and their feeding appendages are too short to reach outside the shell. [ 3 ]
It has been shown that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solemyidae |
In biology, solenocytes are elongated, flagellated cells commonly found in lower invertebrates, such as flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes ), chordates (sub-phylum Cephalochordata ) and several other animal species. [ citation needed ] In terms of function, solenocytes play a significant role in the excretory systems of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenocyte |
The solenoid structure of chromatin is a model for the structure of the 30 nm fibre. It is a secondary chromatin structure which helps to package eukaryotic DNA into the nucleus . However, current research casts doubt on its presence in vivo , and tends to show that it is an observational artifact. [ 1 ]
Chromatin was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_(DNA) |
In mathematics , a solenoid is a compact connected topological space (i.e. a continuum ) that may be obtained as the inverse limit of an inverse system of topological groups and continuous homomorphisms
where each S i {\displaystyle S_{i}} is a circle and f i is the map that uniformly wraps the circle S i + 1 {\displa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_(mathematics) |
In vector calculus a solenoidal vector field (also known as an incompressible vector field , a divergence-free vector field , or a transverse vector field ) is a vector field v with divergence zero at all points in the field: ∇ ⋅ v = 0. {\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {v} =0.} A common way of expressing this proper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoidal_vector_field |
Solenopsin is a lipophilic alkaloid with the molecular formula C 17 H 35 N found in the venom of fire ants ( Solenopsis ). It is considered the primary toxin in the venom [ 2 ] and may be the component responsible for the cardiorespiratory failure in people who experience excessive fire ant stings. [ 3 ]
Structurally... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenopsin |
Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter (along with liquid , gas , and plasma ), [ 1 ] and is a way in which all matter can be arranged on a microscopic scale under certain conditions. [ 2 ] Molecules in a solid are closely packed and do not slide past each other as is the case for fluids . Solids resist ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid |
Solid-phase extraction ( SPE ) [ 1 ] is a solid-liquid extractive technique, by which compounds that are dissolved or suspended in a liquid mixture are separated, isolated or purified, from other compounds in this mixture, according to their physical and chemical properties. Analytical laboratories use solid phase extr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-phase_extraction |
Solid phase microextraction , or SPME , is a solid phase extraction sampling technique that involves the use of a fiber coated with an extracting phase, that can be a liquid ( polymer ) or a solid ( sorbent ), [ 1 ] which extracts different kinds of analytes (including both volatile and non-volatile) from different kin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-phase_microextraction |
In chemistry , solid-phase synthesis is a method in which molecules are covalently bound on a solid support material and synthesised step-by-step in a single reaction vessel utilising selective protecting group chemistry. Benefits compared with normal synthesis in a liquid state include:
The reaction can be driven to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-phase_synthesis |
Solid-state chemistry , also sometimes referred as materials chemistry , is the study of the synthesis , structure, and properties of solid phase materials. It therefore has a strong overlap with solid-state physics , mineralogy , crystallography , ceramics , metallurgy , thermodynamics , materials science and electron... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_chemistry |
Solid-state electronics are semiconductor electronics: electronic equipment that use semiconductor devices such as transistors , diodes and integrated circuits (ICs). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The term is also used as an adjective for devices in which semiconductor electronics that have no moving parts replace devi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_electronics |
Solid state fermentation (SSF) is a biomolecule manufacturing process used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, fuel and textile industries. These biomolecules are mostly metabolites generated by microorganisms grown on a solid support selected for this purpose. This technology for the culture of microorganisms is an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_fermentation |
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is a spectroscopy technique used to characterize atomic-level structure and dynamics in solid materials. ssNMR spectra are broader due to nuclear spin interactions which can be categorized as dipolar coupling , chemical shielding, quadrupolar interactions , and j-coupling ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_nuclear_magnetic_resonance |
A solid-state nuclear track detector or SSNTD (also known as an etched track detector or a dielectric track detector , DTD ) is a sample of a solid material (photographic emulsion , crystal, glass or plastic) exposed to nuclear radiation ( neutrons or charged particles , occasionally also gamma rays ), etched in a corr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_nuclear_track_detector |
Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter , or solids , through methods such as solid-state chemistry , quantum mechanics , crystallography , electromagnetism , and metallurgy . It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics . Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid materials re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_physics |
The solid-state reaction route is the most widely used method for the preparation of polycrystalline solids from a mixture of solid starting materials. Solids do not react together at room temperature over normal time scales and it is necessary to heat them to much higher temperatures, often to 1000 to 1500 °C, in orde... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_reaction_route |
Solid State Ionics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier . Established in 1980, it covers all aspects of diffusion and mass transport in solids, with a particular focus on defects in solids, intercalation , corrosion , oxidation , sintering , and ion transport . The journal has an irregula... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_State_Ionics |
A solid bowl centrifuge is a type of centrifuge that uses the principle of sedimentation . A centrifuge is used to separate a mixture that consists of two substances with different densities by using the centrifugal force resulting from continuous rotation. It is normally used to separate solid-liquid, liquid-liquid, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_bowl_centrifuge |
Solid cell nests , often abbreviated as SCN , also known as solid cell rests , are specific groups of cells found in the thyroid gland of babies. [ 1 ] Typically they are a fraction of a millimeter in size but can rarely become larger. [ 1 ] They are considered to be the remains of the ultimobranchial body that exists ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_cell_nests |
In computing , solid compression is a method for data compression of multiple files, wherein all the uncompressed files are concatenated and treated as a single data block. Such an archive is called a solid archive. It is used natively in the 7z [ 1 ] and RAR [ 2 ] formats, as well as indirectly in tar -based formats s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_compression |
Solid fat index (SFI) is a measure of the percentage of fat in crystalline (solid) phase to total fat (the remainder being in liquid phase) across a temperature gradient. The SFI of a fat is measured using a dilatometer that measures the expansion of a fat as it is heated; density measurements are taken at a series of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_fat_index |
A solid ground floor consists of a layer of concrete , which in the case of a domestic building will be the surface layer brought up to ground floor level with hardcore filling under it.
The advantage of a solid ground floor is the elimination of dry rot and other problems normally associated with hollow joisted floor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_ground_floor |
Solid hydrogen is the solid state of the element hydrogen . At standard pressure , this is achieved by decreasing the temperature below hydrogen's melting point of 14.01 K (−259.14 °C; −434.45 °F). It was collected for the first time by James Dewar in 1899 and published with the title "Sur la solidification de l'hydrog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_hydrogen |
Solid light , or hard light , is a hypothetical material consisting of light in a solidified state . It primarily appears in science fiction .
It has been theorized that solid light could exist. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Some experiments claim to have created solid photonic matter or molecules by inducing strong interaction between... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_light |
Solid mechanics (also known as mechanics of solids ) is the branch of continuum mechanics that studies the behavior of solid materials, especially their motion and deformation under the action of forces , temperature changes, phase changes, and other external or internal agents.
Solid mechanics is fundamental for civi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_mechanics |
In geometry , a solid of revolution is a solid figure obtained by rotating a plane figure around some straight line (the axis of revolution ), which may not intersect the generatrix (except at its boundary). The surface created by this revolution and which bounds the solid is the surface of revolution .
Assuming that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_of_revolution |
The principle of solid phase DNA sequencing was described in 1989 based on binding of biotinylated DNA to streptavidin -coated magnetic beads and elution of single DNA strands selectively using alkali . [ 1 ] The method allowed robotic applications suitable for clinical sequencing, but the magnetic handling has also fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_phase_sequencing |
In mathematics, specifically in order theory and functional analysis , a subset S {\displaystyle S} of a vector lattice X {\displaystyle X} is said to be solid and is called an ideal if for all s ∈ S {\displaystyle s\in S} and x ∈ X , {\displaystyle x\in X,} if | x | ≤ | s | {\displaystyle |x|\leq |s|} then x ∈ S . {\d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_set |
A solid solution, a term popularly used for metals, is a homogeneous mixture of two compounds in solid state and having a single crystal structure . [ 1 ] Many examples can be found in metallurgy , geology , and solid-state chemistry . The word "solution" is used to describe the intimate mixing of components at the ato... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_solution |
In metallurgy , solid solution strengthening is a type of alloying that can be used to improve the strength of a pure metal . [ 1 ] The technique works by adding atoms of one element (the alloying element) to the crystalline lattice of another element (the base metal), forming a solid solution . The local nonuniformity... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_solution_strengthening |
Solid-state ionics is the study of ionic-electronic mixed conductor and fully ionic conductors ( solid electrolytes ) and their uses. Some materials that fall into this category include inorganic crystalline and polycrystalline solids, ceramics, glasses, polymers, and composites. Solid-state ionic devices, such as soli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_state_ionics |
The sweep S w of a solid S is defined as the solid created when a motion M is applied to a given solid. The solid S should be considered to be a set of points in the Euclidean space R3. Then the solid S w which is generated by sweeping S over M will contain all the points over which the points of S have moved during th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_sweep |
In mathematics and physics , a soliton is a nonlinear, self-reinforcing, localized wave packet that is strongly stable , in that it preserves its shape while propagating freely, at constant velocity, and recovers it even after collisions with other such localized wave packets. Its remarkable stability can be traced to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton |
A soliton distribution is a type of discrete probability distribution that arises in the theory of erasure correcting codes , which use information redundancy to compensate for transmission errors manifesting as missing (erased) data. A paper by Luby [ 1 ] introduced two forms of such distributions, the ideal soliton d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton_distribution |
The soliton hypothesis in neuroscience is a model that claims to explain how action potentials are initiated and conducted along axons based on a thermodynamic theory of nerve pulse propagation. [ 1 ] It proposes that the signals travel along the cell's membrane in the form of certain kinds of solitary sound (or densit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton_model_in_neuroscience |
Solitude , also known as social withdrawal , is a state of seclusion or isolation, meaning lack of socialisation . Effects can be either positive or negative, depending on the situation. Short-term solitude is often valued as a time when one may work, think, or rest without disturbance. It may be desired for the sake o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitude |
In the Gemara , the shamir ( Biblical Hebrew : שָׁמִיר , romanized: šāmir ) is a worm or a substance that had the power to cut through or disintegrate stone, iron and diamond. Solomon is said to have used it in the building of the first Temple in Jerusalem in place of cutting tools. For the construction of Solomon's Te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon's_shamir |
Solomonoff's theory of inductive inference proves that, under its common sense assumptions (axioms), the best possible scientific model is the shortest algorithm that generates the empirical data under consideration. In addition to the choice of data, other assumptions are that, to avoid the post-hoc fallacy, the prog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomonoff's_theory_of_inductive_inference |
In quantum information and computation, the Solovay–Kitaev theorem says that if a set of single- qubit quantum gates generates a dense subgroup of SU(2) , then that set can be used to approximate any desired quantum gate with a short sequence of gates that can also be found efficiently. This theorem is considered one o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solovay–Kitaev_theorem |
The Solovay–Strassen primality test , developed by Robert M. Solovay and Volker Strassen in 1977, is a probabilistic primality test to determine if a number is composite or probably prime . The idea behind the test was discovered by M. M. Artjuhov in 1967 [ 1 ] (see Theorem E in the paper). This test has been largely s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solovay–Strassen_primality_test |
Solstar Space Co. , also known as Solstar , is an American company that provides commercial wireless internet services to space travelers and Internet of Things in space. It also provides a two-way internet link connecting people on earth to technology in space. [ 2 ] Based out of Santa Fe , New Mexico , the company wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solstar |
A solstice is the time when the Sun reaches its most northerly or southerly excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere . Two solstices occur annually, around 20–22 June and 20–22 December. In many countries, the seasons of the year are defined by reference to the solstices and the equinoxes .
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solstice |
Solubility equilibrium is a type of dynamic equilibrium that exists when a chemical compound in the solid state is in chemical equilibrium with a solution of that compound. The solid may dissolve unchanged, with dissociation, or with chemical reaction with another constituent of the solution, such as acid or alkali. Ea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility_equilibrium |
In oceanic biogeochemistry , the solubility pump is a physico-chemical process that transports carbon as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the ocean's surface to its interior.
The solubility pump is driven by the coincidence of two processes in the ocean :
Since deep water (that is, seawater in the ocean's interi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility_pump |
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds ) in water with temperature , at one atmosphere pressure . Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/100 ml), unless shown otherwise. The substances are list... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility_table |
Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a regulatory cytosolic enzyme present in almost every cell. sAC is a source of cyclic adenosine 3’,5’ monophosphate (cAMP) – a second messenger that mediates cell growth and differentiation in organisms from bacteria to higher eukaryotes. sAC differentiates from the transmembrane adeny... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluble_adenylyl_cyclase |
Soluble cell adhesion molecules ( sCAM s) are a class of cell adhesion molecule (CAMs - cell surface binding proteins ) that may represent important biomarkers for inflammatory processes involving activation or damage to cells such as platelets and the endothelium .
They include soluble isoforms of the cell adhesion m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluble_cell_adhesion_molecules |
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor ( suPAR ) ( NCBI Accession no. AAK31795) is a protein and the soluble form of uPAR . uPAR is expressed mainly on immune cells, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. uPAR is a membrane-bound receptor for uPA, also known as urokinase and Vitronectin. The soluble vers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluble_urokinase_plasminogen_activator_receptor |
SoluForce is a type of Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe (RTP, also known as flexible composite pipe or FCP) .
SoluForce is a brand name of Pipelife Nederland B.V. (part of Wienerberger AG ), with its main offices and production facilities located in Enkhuizen , The Netherlands . It develops, manufactures and markets RTP ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluforce |
The solution-friction model (SF model) is a mechanistic transport model developed to describe the transport processes across porous membranes , such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Unlike traditional models, such as those based on Darcy’s law , which primarily describes pressure-drive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution-friction_model |
Solution 16 was the first Brazilian all-in-one PC , introduced by Prológica in 1986. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
Based on the Intel 8088 was launched in the national market as the first 16-bit 4.77MHz microprocessor integrated computer in the market, it had 254 KB RAM configuration expandable up to 512 KB, and two 5... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_16 |
In game theory , a solution concept is a formal rule for predicting how a game will be played. These predictions are called "solutions", and describe which strategies will be adopted by players and, therefore, the result of the game. The most commonly used solution concepts are equilibrium concepts , most famously Nash... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_concept |
A solution in radicals or algebraic solution is an expression of a solution of a polynomial equation that is algebraic , that is, relies only on addition , subtraction , multiplication , division , raising to integer powers , and extraction of n th roots ( square roots , cube roots , etc.).
A well-known example is the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_in_radicals |
Solution precursor plasma spray ( SPPS ) is a thermal spray process where a feedstock solution is heated and then deposited onto a substrate. Basic properties of the process are fundamentally similar to other plasma spraying processes. However, instead of injecting a powder into the plasma plume, a liquid precursor is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_precursor_plasma_spray |
In mathematics , the solution set of a system of equations or inequality is the set of all its solutions, that is the values that satisfy all equations and inequalities. [ 1 ] Also, the solution set or the truth set of a statement or a predicate is the set of all values that satisfy it.
If there is no solution, the so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_set |
Since the introduction of the marine propeller in the early 19th century, cavitation during operation has been a limiting factor in the efficiency of ships. Cavitation in marine propellers develops when the propeller operates at a high speed and reduces the efficiency of the propeller. Ever since the introduction of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutions_for_cavitation_in_marine_propellers |
A solvated electron is a free electron in a solution , in which it behaves like an anion . [ 1 ] An electron's being solvated in a solution means it is bound by the solution. [ 2 ] The notation for a solvated electron in formulas of chemical reactions is "e − ". Often, discussions of solvated electrons focus on their s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvated_electron |
Solvated Metal Atom Dispersion is a method of producing highly reactive [ 1 ] solvated nanoparticles . Samples of a metal (or ceramic ) [ 1 ] are heated to evaporate free atoms (or species ), as in PVD evaporation . This vapor is then co-deposited with a suitable organic solvent (e.g. toluene ) [ 2 ] at very low temper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvated_metal_atom_dispersion |
Solvations describes the interaction of a solvent with dissolved molecules. Both ionized and uncharged molecules interact strongly with a solvent, and the strength and nature of this interaction influence many properties of the solute, including solubility, reactivity, and color, as well as influencing the properties o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvation |
A solvation shell or solvation sheath is the solvent interface of any chemical compound or biomolecule that constitutes the solute in a solution . When the solvent is water it is called a hydration shell or hydration sphere . The number of solvent molecules surrounding each unit of solute is called the hydration number... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvation_shell |
In chemistry , solvatochromism is the phenomenon observed when the colour of a solution is different when the solute is dissolved in different solvents . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The solvatochromic effect is the way the spectrum of a substance (the solute) varies when the substance is dissolved in a variety of solvents. In this co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvatochromism |
Solvatten is a simple portable device which uses sunlight to purify water for drinking. It was invented by Petra Wadström and was intended mainly for domestic use in the developing world. Provided the sun is strong enough, it takes two to six hours to produce ten litres of drinking water. [ 1 ] It works through a combi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvatten |
The Solvay process or ammonia–soda process is the major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash, Na 2 CO 3 ). The ammonia–soda process was developed into its modern form by the Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay during the 1860s. [ 1 ] The ingredients for this are readily available and inexpensi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvay_process |
A solvent (from the Latin solvō , "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution . A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid . Water is a solvent for polar molecules , and the most common solvent used by living things; all the ions an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent |
In solvent casting and particulate leaching ( SCPL ), a polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent . Particles, mainly salts, with specific dimensions are then added to the solution. The mixture is shaped into its final geometry. For example, it can be cast onto a glass plate to produce a membrane or in a three-dimensi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_casting_and_particulate_leaching |
In chemistry , solvent effects are the influence of a solvent on chemical reactivity or molecular associations. Solvents can have an effect on solubility , stability and reaction rates and choosing the appropriate solvent allows for thermodynamic and kinetic control over a chemical reaction.
A solute dissolves in a so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_effects |
Solvent extraction and electrowinning ( SX/EW ) is a two-stage hydrometallurgical process that first extracts and upgrades copper ions from low-grade leach solutions into a solvent containing a chemical that selectively reacts with and binds the copper in the solvent. The copper is extracted from the solvent with stron... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_extraction_and_electrowinning |
Solvent impregnated resins ( SIRs ) are commercially available (macro)porous resins impregnated with a solvent /an extractant . In this approach, a liquid extractant is contained within the pores of (adsorption) particles. Usually, the extractant is an organic liquid. Its purpose is to extract one or more dissolved com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_impregnated_resin |
In computational chemistry , a solvent model is a computational method that accounts for the behavior of solvated condensed phases. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Solvent models enable simulations and thermodynamic calculations applicable to reactions and processes which take place in solution. These include biological, chemical an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_model |
Solvent suppression is any technique in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to decrease undesired signal from a sample's solvent . [ 1 ]
In liquid-state NMR spectroscopy, the sample to be studied is dissolved in a solvent. Typically, the concentration of the solvent is much higher than the concentration of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_suppression |
Solvent vapor annealing ( SVA ) is a widely used technique for controlling the morphology and ordering of block copolymer (BCP) films. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] By controlling the block ratio ( f = N A / N ), spheres , cylinders , gyroids , and lamellae structures can be generated by forming a swollen and mobile layer of thin-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_vapour_annealing |
Solventogenesis is the biochemical production of solvents (usually acetone and butanol ) by Clostridium species. [ 1 ] It is the second phase of ABE fermentation . [ 2 ]
Solventogenic Clostridium species have a biphasic metabolism composed of an acidogenic phase and a solventogenic phase. During acidogenesis , these ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solventogenesis |
Solvophobic theory attempts to explain interactions between polar solvents and non-polar solutes . In the pure solvent, there are relatively strong cohesive forces between the solvent molecules due to hydrogen bonding or other polar interactions. Hence, non-polar solutes tend not to be soluble in polar solvents because... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvophobic |
Solvophoresis is a spontaneous motion of dispersed particles in a mixed solvent induced by a gradient of solvent concentration. Solvophoresis was experimentally established by Marek Kosmulski and Egon Matijevic . [ 1 ] Solvophoresis is similar to diffusiophoresis .
This physical chemistry -related article is a stub . ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvophoresis |
Solvothermal synthesis is a method of producing chemical compounds , in which a solvent containing reagents is put under high pressure and temperature in an autoclave . Many substances dissolve better in the same solvent in such conditions than at standard conditions , enabling reactions that would not otherwise occur ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvothermal_synthesis |
In mathematics , Solèr's theorem is a result concerning certain infinite-dimensional vector spaces . It states that any orthomodular form that has an infinite orthonormal set is a Hilbert space over the real numbers , complex numbers or quaternions . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Originally proved by Maria Pia Solèr , the result is sign... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solèr's_theorem |
In materials science , the sol–gel process is a method for producing solid materials from small molecules. The method is used for the fabrication of metal oxides , especially the oxides of silicon (Si) and titanium (Ti). The process involves conversion of monomers in solution into a colloidal solution ( sol ) that acts... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol–gel_process |
In cellular biology , the term somatic is derived from the French somatique which comes from Ancient Greek σωματικός (sōmatikós, “bodily”), and σῶμα (sôma, “body”.) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is often used to refer to the cells of the body, in contrast to the reproductive ( germline ) cells, which usually give rise to the egg or sper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_(biology) |
In cellular biology , a somatic cell (from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma) ' body ' ), or vegetal cell , is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete , germ cell , gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell . [ 1 ] Somatic cells compose the body of an organism and divide through mitos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_cell |
A somatic cell count ( SCC ) is a cell count of somatic cells in a fluid specimen , usually milk . In dairying , the SCC is an indicator of the quality of milk—specifically, its low likeliness to contain harmful bacteria , and thus its high food safety . White blood cells (leukocytes) constitute the majority of somatic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_cell_count |
In genetics and developmental biology , somatic cell nuclear transfer ( SCNT ) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell . The technique consists of taking a denucleated oocyte (egg cell) and implanting a donor nucleus from a somatic (body) cell. It is used in both therapeut... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_cell_nuclear_transfer |
Somatic effort refers to the total investments of an organism in its own development , differentiation , and maintenance which consequently increases its reproductive potential. [ 1 ]
This ethology article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_effort |
Somatic embryogenesis is an artificial process in which a plant or embryo is derived from a single somatic cell . [ 1 ] Somatic embryos are formed from plant cells that are not normally involved in the development of embryos, i.e. ordinary plant tissue. No endosperm or seed coat is formed around a somatic embryo.
Cell... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_embryogenesis |
Somatic evolution is the accumulation of mutations and epimutations in somatic cells (the cells of a body, as opposed to germ plasm and stem cells ) during a lifetime, and the effects of those mutations and epimutations on the fitness of those cells. This evolutionary process has first been shown by the studies of Bert... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_evolution_in_cancer |
Somatic fusion , also called protoplast fusion , is a type of genetic modification in plants by which two distinct species of plants are fused together to form a new hybrid plant with the characteristics of both, a somatic hybrid . [ 1 ] Hybrids have been produced either between different varieties of the same species ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_fusion |
The somatic marker hypothesis , formulated by Antonio Damasio and associated researchers, proposes that emotional processes guide (or bias) behavior , particularly decision-making. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
"Somatic markers" are feelings in the body that are associated with emotions, such as the association of rapid heartbeat with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_marker_hypothesis |
A somatic mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of a somatic cell of a multicellular organism with dedicated reproductive cells ; that is, any mutation that occurs in a cell other than a gamete , germ cell , or gametocyte . Unlike germline mutations , which can be passed on to the descendants of an organism, somatic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_mutation |
Somatic recombination , as opposed to the genetic recombination that occurs in meiosis , is an alteration of the DNA of a somatic cell that is inherited by its daughter cells. The term is usually reserved for large-scale alterations of DNA such as chromosomal translocations and deletions and not applied to point mutati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_recombination |
Somatic theory is a theory of human social behavior based on the somatic marker hypothesis of António Damásio . The theory proposes a mechanism by which emotional processes can guide (or bias) behavior: in particular, decision-making, the attachment theory of John Bowlby , and the self-psychology of Heinz Kohut (especi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_theory |
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