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On 2 April 1979, spores of Bacillus anthracis (the causative agent of anthrax ) were accidentally released from a Soviet Armed Forces research facility in the city of Sverdlovsk in the Soviet Union . The ensuing outbreak of the disease resulted in the deaths of at least 68 people, although the exact number of victims r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sverdlovsk_anthrax_leak |
Svetozar Lj. Jovanović (1895–1951) was a Serbian chemist [ 1 ] and assistant professor of chemistry from 1925 to 1941. [ 2 ] He specialized in the field of analytical chemistry .
Jovanović developed a new electroanalytical method for the quantitative determination of antimony [ 3 ] and a method for the separation of c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetozar_Lj._Jovanović |
The Swain equation relates the kinetic isotope effect for the protium / tritium combination with that of the protium / deuterium combination according to:
where k H,D,T are the reaction rate constants for the protonated, deuterated and tritiated reactants respectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swain_equation |
In physical organic chemistry , the Swain–Lupton equation is a linear free energy relationship (LFER) that is used in the study of reaction mechanisms and in the development of quantitative structure activity relationships for organic compounds . It was developed by C. Gardner Swain and Elmer C. Lupton Jr. in 1968 as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swain–Lupton_equation |
A swale is a shady spot, or a sunken or marshy place. [ 1 ] In US usage in particular, it is a shallow channel with gently sloping sides. Such a swale may be either natural or human-made. Artificial swales are often infiltration basins , designed to manage water runoff , filter pollutants , and increase rainwater infi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swale_(landform) |
Swallowing , also called deglutition or inglutition [ 1 ] in scientific and medical contexts, is a physical process of an animal 's digestive tract (e.g. that of a human body ) that allows for an ingested substance (typically food ) to pass from the mouth to the pharynx and then into the esophagus . In colloquial Engli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallowing |
Swami Sundaranand (April 1926 – 23 December 2020) [ 1 ] was an Indian Yogi , photographer , author and mountaineer who lectured widely in India on threats to the Ganges River and the loss of Himalayan glaciers due to global warming . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
Swami Sundarananda was a student of the reclusive yoga master Swami... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Sundaranand |
The swamping argument is an objection against Darwinism made by Fleeming Jenkin . He asserted that an accidentally-appearing profitable variety cannot be preserved by natural selection in the population, but should be 'swamped' with ordinary traits. Population genetics helped to overcome this logical difficulty.
Jenki... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamping_argument |
Swan bands are a characteristic of the spectra of carbon stars , comets and of burning hydrocarbon fuels. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They are named for the Scottish physicist William Swan , who first studied the spectral analysis of radical diatomic carbon (C 2 ) in 1856. [ 3 ]
Swan bands consist of several sequences of vibrational ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_band |
Swanson's law is the observation that the price of solar photovoltaic modules tends to drop 20 percent for every doubling of cumulative shipped volume. At present rates, costs go down 75% about every 10 years. [ 3 ]
It is named after Richard Swanson , the founder of SunPower Corporation , a solar panel manufacturer. [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swanson's_law |
Swarachakra (Devanagari: स्वरचक्र) is a free text input application developed by the IDIN group at Industrial Design Center (IDC), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay for Indic scripts . [ 1 ] Swarachakra's alphabetical keyboard layout performed better than the Inscript layout (a QWERTY -based design and government s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarachakra |
Swarm behaviour , or swarming , is a collective behaviour exhibited by entities, particularly animals, of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving en masse or migrating in some direction. It is a highly interdisciplinary topic. [ 1 ]
As a term, swarming is applied pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_behaviour |
Swarts fluorination is a process whereby the chlorine atoms in a compound – generally an organic compound, but experiments have been performed using silanes – are replaced with fluorine , by treatment with antimony trifluoride in the presence of chlorine or of antimony pentachloride . Some metal fluorides are particula... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarts_fluorination |
Swatting is a form of criminal harassment that involves deceiving an emergency service (via such means as hoaxing an emergency services dispatcher ) into sending a police or emergency response team to another person's location. This is achieved by false reporting of a serious law enforcement emergency, such as a bomb t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swatting |
Sway is a tiling window manager and Wayland compositor , inspired by i3 , and written in C . [ 3 ] Sway is designed as a drop-in replacement for i3 using the more modern Wayland display server protocol and wlroots compositor library. [ 4 ] Sway works with existing i3 configuration files and supports most of i3's featur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sway_wm |
A sweat allergy is the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis associated with an elevated body temperature and resulting increases in the production of sweat . It appears as small reddish welts that become visible in response to increased temperature and resulting production of sweat. [ 1 ] It can affect all ages. Sweating ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat_allergy |
Sweat diagnostics is an emerging non-invasive technique used to provide insights to the health of the human body. Common sweat diagnostic tests include testing for cystic fibrosis [ 1 ] and illicit drugs . [ 2 ] Most testing of human sweat is in reference to the eccrine sweat gland which in contrast to the apocrine sw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat_diagnostics |
The Sweden Solar System is the world's largest permanent scale model of the Solar System . The Sun is represented by the Avicii Arena in Stockholm , the second-largest hemispherical building in the world . The inner planets can also be found in Stockholm but the outer planets are situated northward in other cities alon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_Solar_System |
The Swedish Astronomical Society (Svenska astronomiska sällskapet) a national organization in Sweden aimed at people who want to follow the achievements of astronomical research,. [ 1 ] Founded in 1919 on the initiative of astronomer Nils Nordenmark , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] the society has from the outset aimed to be "an intimate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Astronomical_Society |
The Swedish Chemical Society ( Swedish : Svenska kemisamfundet ) was established in 1883 and is a nonprofit organisation to promote the development of chemistry in Sweden. [ 1 ] The society is based on Wallingatan, Stockholm . [ 1 ] Kemivärlden Biotech ( ISSN 1653-5596 ) is the monthly magazine of the Swedish Chemical ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Chemical_Society |
The Swedish ethyl acetate method ( SweEt ) is a method for chemical analysis of pesticide residues in food using ethyl acetate as an extraction medium followed by analysis with liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). It was developed by th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_ethyl_acetate_method |
In physical simulations , sweep and prune is a broad phase algorithm used during collision detection to limit the number of pairs of solids that need to be checked for collision , i.e. intersection. This is achieved by sorting the starts (lower bound) and ends (upper bound) of the bounding volume of each solid along a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweep_and_prune |
Sweep frequency response analysis ( SFRA ) is a method to evaluate the mechanical integrity of core , windings and clamping structures within power transformers by measuring their electrical transfer functions over a wide frequency range .
SFRA is a comparative method , meaning an evaluation of the transformer conditi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweep_frequency_response_analysis |
A swept wing is a wing angled either backward or occasionally forward from its root rather than perpendicular to the fuselage.
Swept wings have been flown since the pioneer days of aviation. Wing sweep at high speeds was first investigated in Germany as early as 1935 by Albert Betz and Adolph Busemann , finding applic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweep_theory |
Sweet crude oil is a type of petroleum . The New York Mercantile Exchange designates petroleum with less than 0.5% sulfur as sweet . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Petroleum containing higher levels of sulfur is called sour crude oil . [ 3 ]
Sweet crude oil contains small amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide . High-quality, l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_crude_oil |
SwellRT was a free and open-source backend-as-a-service and API focused to ease development of apps featuring real-time collaboration . It supported the building of mobile and web apps, and aims to facilitate interoperability and federation .
SwellRT has its origins in the work done within the GRASIA research team at ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SwellRT |
The swelling capacity of a polymer is the amount of a liquid that can be absorbed by it. This test can done by two methods:
In this method
Some polymers exhibit larger experimentally measured swelling capacity when immersed in pure liquid compared to testing with saturated vapor. This phenomenon is known as the Schro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swelling_capacity |
Swelling index may refer to the following material parameters that quantify volume change: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swelling_index |
The Swendsen–Wang algorithm is the first non-local or cluster algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation for large systems near criticality . It has been introduced by Robert Swendsen and Jian-Sheng Wang in 1987 at Carnegie Mellon .
The original algorithm was designed for the Ising and Potts models, and it was later general... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swendsen–Wang_algorithm |
In organic chemistry , the Swern oxidation , named after Daniel Swern , is a chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary alcohol ( −OH ) is oxidized to an aldehyde ( −CH=O ) or ketone ( >C=O ) using oxalyl chloride , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an organic base , such as triethylamine . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swern_oxidation |
Swift heavy ions are the components of a type of particle beam with high enough energy that electronic stopping dominates over nuclear stopping . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They are accelerated in particle accelerators to very high energies, typically in the MeV or GeV range and have sufficient energy and mass to penetrate solids on ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift_heavy_ion |
Swiftships is a shipbuilding and marine engineering company headquartered in South Louisiana, USA . [ 1 ] Company operates globally [ 2 ] and specialized in the construction of small to medium sized vessels made of steel , aluminum or fiberglass . [ 1 ] [ 3 ] Swiftships is involved in ship design, construction, repair ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiftships |
Swimming pool bacteria are the diverse array of bacteria that are present in aquatic environments , primarily swimming pools , which can have effects on human health and water quality . Recreational waters are known to be source of infectious diseases . [ 1 ]
There are different types of bacteria that are found in swi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_pool_bacteria |
Swimming pool sanitation is the process of ensuring healthy conditions in swimming pools . Proper sanitation is needed to maintain the visual clarity of water and to prevent the transmission of infectious waterborne diseases .
Two distinct and separate methods are employed in the sanitation of a swimming pool. The fil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_pool_sanitation |
A power system consists of a number of synchronous machines operating synchronously under all operating conditions. Under normal operating conditions, the relative position of the rotor axis and the resultant magnetic field axis is fixed. The angle between the two is known as the power angle , torque angle , or rotor a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swing_equation |
In algebra , the Swinnerton-Dyer polynomials are a family of polynomials, introduced by Peter Swinnerton-Dyer , that serve as examples where polynomial factorization algorithms have worst-case runtime. They have the property of being reducible modulo every prime, while being irreducible over the rational numbers. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swinnerton-Dyer_polynomial |
Swiss-model (stylized as SWISS-MODEL ) is a structural bioinformatics web-server dedicated to homology modeling of 3D protein structures. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] As of 2024 [update] , homology modeling is the most accurate method to generate reliable three-dimensional protein structure models and is routinely used in many practica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss-model |
The Swiss cheese model of accident causation is a model used in risk analysis and risk management . It likens human systems to multiple slices of Swiss cheese , which have randomly placed and sized holes in each slice, stacked side by side, in which the risk of a threat becoming a reality is mitigated by the different ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_cheese_model |
Swissmem is the association for Switzerland's mechanical and electrical engineering industries (MEM industries) and related technology-oriented sectors. It represents the interests of the MEM industries in the commercial, political and public spheres, and boosts the competitive capacity of its 1,250 or so member compan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swissmem |
In electrical engineering , a switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or connect the conducting path in an electrical circuit , interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The most common type of switch is an electromechanical device consisting of one or mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch |
A switched mesh is a type of wireless mesh network network that uses multiple dedicated radios to communicate between each neighboring node in the mesh via dedicated mesh backhaul links. Nodes in a switched mesh use separate access and backhaul radios. [ 1 ]
Each dedicated mesh link is on a separate channel, ensuring... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switched_mesh |
A switching loop or bridge loop occurs in computer networks when there is more than one layer 2 path between two endpoints (e.g. multiple connections between two network switches or two ports on the same switch connected to each other). The loop creates broadcast storms as broadcasts and multicasts are forwarded by swi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switching_loop |
In an electric power transmission grid system , switchyard reactors are large inductors installed at substations to help stabilize the power system.
For transmission lines, the space between the overhead line and the ground forms a capacitor parallel to transmission line, which causes an increase in voltage as the dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchyard_reactor |
A swivel is a connection that allows the connected object, such as a gun , chair , swivel caster , or an anchor rode to rotate horizontally or vertically.
A common design for a swivel is a cylindrical rod that can turn freely within a support structure. The rod is usually prevented from slipping out by a nut, washer o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swivel |
A Swivel is a mechanical device used on a drilling rig that hangs directly under the traveling block and directly above the kelly drive , that provides the ability for the kelly (and subsequently the drill string ) to rotate while allowing the traveling block to remain in a stationary rotational position (yet allow ver... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swivel_(drill_rig) |
Swype was a virtual keyboard for touchscreen smartphones and tablets originally developed by Swype Inc., [ 2 ] founded in 2002, where the user enters words by sliding a finger or stylus from the first letter of a word to its last letter, lifting only between words. [ 3 ] It uses error-correction algorithms and a langua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swype |
Sycamore is a transmon superconducting quantum processor created by Google's Artificial Intelligence division. [ 1 ] It has 53 qubits . [ 2 ]
In 2019, Sycamore completed a task in 200 seconds that Google claimed, in a Nature paper, would take a state-of-the-art supercomputer 10,000 years to finish. Thus, Google claime... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sycamore_processor |
Syclo, LLC (acquired and currently a part of SAP SE ), was a mobile enterprise application platform (MEAP) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and software provider based in the Chicago suburb of Hoffman Estates, Illinois , offering mobile applications to extend enterprise systems , including packaged software for enterprise resou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syclo |
Sydney Brenner CH FRS FMedSci MAE (13 January 1927 – 5 April 2019) [ 13 ] [ 14 ] was a South African biologist . In 2002, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with H. Robert Horvitz and Sir John E. Sulston . [ 10 ] Brenner made significant contributions to work on the genetic code , and other areas of mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Brenner |
Syledis ( SY stem LE ger pour mesure la DIS tance) was a terrestrial radio navigation and locating system. The system operated in the UHF segment of 420-450 MHz. It was manufactured in France by Sercel S.A., headquarters Carquefou , and was operational during the 1980s and until about 1995, providing positioning and na... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syledis |
In computing, a syllable is a unit of information that describes the size of data for some digital hardware from the 1960s and 1970s. The size of the unit varies by hardware design in much the same way that word does. The term is not used for modern hardware; standardized terms, such as byte , are used instead.
Exampl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllable_(computing) |
A syllogism ( Ancient Greek : συλλογισμός , syllogismos , 'conclusion, inference') is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.
In its earliest form (defined by Aristotle in his 350 BC book Prior Analytics ),... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllogism |
In mathematics, specifically in the field of finite group theory , the Sylow theorems are a collection of theorems named after the Norwegian mathematician Peter Ludwig Sylow [ 1 ] that give detailed information about the number of subgroups of fixed order that a given finite group contains. The Sylow theorems form a fu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylow_theorems |
Sylvatest is an ultrasonic measuring device that provides an overall diagnosis of a wooden component to test its mechanical strength. This is a specific non-destructive testing tool for wooden beams.
Sylvatest is an acousto - ultrasonic measuring device that provides an overall diagnosis of the wood element, based on ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvatest |
In mathematics, Sylvester’s criterion is a necessary and sufficient criterion to determine whether a Hermitian matrix is positive-definite .
Sylvester's criterion states that a n × n Hermitian matrix M is positive-definite if and only if all the following matrices have a positive determinant :
In other words, all of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvester's_criterion |
In mathematics , a Sylvester matrix is a matrix associated to two univariate polynomials with coefficients in a field or a commutative ring . The entries of the Sylvester matrix of two polynomials are coefficients of the polynomials. The determinant of the Sylvester matrix of two polynomials is their resultant , which ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvester_matrix |
Symbian is a discontinued mobile operating system (OS) and computing platform designed for smartphones . [ 6 ] It was originally developed as a proprietary software OS for personal digital assistants in 1998 by the Symbian Ltd. consortium. [ 7 ] Symbian OS is a descendant of Psion 's EPOC , and was released exclusively... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian |
Symbiobacterium thermophilum is a symbiotic thermophile that depends on co-culture with a Bacillus strain for growth. It is Gram-negative and tryptophanase -positive, with type strain T(T) (= IAM 14863 T ). It is the type species of its genus. [ 1 ] Symbiobacterium is related to the Gram-positive Bacillota and Actinomy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiobacterium_thermophilum |
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Symbiodinium is a genus of dinoflagellates that encompasses the largest and most prevalent group of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates known and have photosymbiotic relationships with many species. These unicellular microalgae commonly reside in the endoderm of tropical cnidarians such as corals , sea anemones , a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiodinium |
Symbiosis ( Ancient Greek συμβίωσις symbíōsis : living with, companionship < σύν sýn : together; and βίωσις bíōsis : living) [ 2 ] is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction , between two organisms of different species . The two organisms, termed symbionts , can for example be in mutualistic , commensa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis |
The biological term symbiosis was first used in chemistry by C. K. Jørgensen in 1964, [ 1 ] to refer to the process by which a hard ligand on a metal predisposes the metal to receive another hard ligand rather than a soft one. Two superficially antithetical phenomena occur: symbiosis and antisymbiosis .
This is found ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis_(chemical) |
Amoebozoa of the free living genus Acanthamoeba and the social amoeba genus Dictyostelium are single celled eukaryotic organisms that feed on bacteria, fungi, and algae through phagocytosis, with digestion occurring in phagolysosomes. Amoebozoa are present in most terrestrial ecosystems including soil and freshwater. [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis_in_Amoebozoa |
Symbiosis in lichens is the mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship of green algae and/or blue-green algae ( cyanobacteria ) living among filaments of a fungus , forming lichen . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Living as a symbiont in a lichen appears to be a successful way for a fungus to derive essential nutrients, as about 20... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis_in_lichens |
A symbiosome is a specialised compartment in a host cell that houses an endosymbiont in a symbiotic relationship. [ 1 ]
The term was first used in 1983 to describe the vacuole structure in the symbiosis between the animal host the Hydra , and the endosymbiont Chlorella . Symbiosomes are also seen in other cnidaria - d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosome |
Symbiotic bacteria are bacteria living in symbiosis with another organism or each other. For example, rhizobia living in root nodules of legumes provide nitrogen fixing activity for these plants. [ 1 ]
Types of symbiotic relationships are mutualism , commensalism , parasitism , and amensalism . [ 2 ]
Endosymbionts li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiotic_bacteria |
Symbiotic fermentation is a form of fermentation in which multiple organisms ( yeasts , acetic acid bacteria , lactic acid bacteria and others) interact in symbiosis in order to produce the desired product. For example, a yeast may produce ethanol, which is then consumed by an acetic acid bacterium. [ 1 ] Described ear... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiotic_fermentation |
A symbol is a mark, sign , or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea , object , or relationship . Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise different concepts and experiences. All communication is achieved through the use of symbols:... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol |
A logical symbol is a fundamental concept in logic , tokens of which may be marks or a configuration of marks which form a particular pattern. [ citation needed ] Although the term symbol in common use sometimes refers to the idea being symbolized, and at other times to the marks on a piece of paper or chalkboard which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol_(formal) |
The Symbol Nomenclature For Glycans ( SNFG ) [ 1 ] is a community-curated standard for the depiction of simple monosaccharides and complex carbohydrates ( glycans ) using various colored-coded, geometric shapes, along with defined text additions. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is hosted by the National Center for Biotechnology Informa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol_Nomenclature_For_Glycans |
Chickens have been widely used as national symbols, and as mascots for clubs, businesses, and other associations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_chickens |
In mathematics , symbolic dynamics is the study of dynamical systems defined on a discrete space consisting of infinite sequences of abstract symbols. The evolution of the dynamical system is defined as a simple shift of the sequence.
Because of their explicit, discrete nature, such systems are often relatively easy t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_dynamics |
In engineering , a symbolic language is a language that uses standard symbols , marks , and abbreviations to represent concepts such as entities, aspects, attributes , and relationships. [ 1 ] [ original research? ]
Engineering symbolic language may be used for the specification , design , implementation , management ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_language_(engineering) |
In mathematics , a symbolic language is a language that uses characters or symbols to represent concepts, such as mathematical operations , expressions , and statements , and the entities or operands on which the operations are performed. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
This mathematics -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_language_(mathematics) |
In computer science , a symbolic language , or assembly language, is a language that uses characters or symbols to represent concepts, such as mathematical operations and the entities (or operands ) on which these operations are performed. [ 1 ]
Modern programming languages use symbols to represent concepts and/or dat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_language_(programming) |
In mathematics , the symbolic method in invariant theory is an algorithm developed by Arthur Cayley , [ 1 ] Siegfried Heinrich Aronhold , [ 2 ] Alfred Clebsch , [ 3 ] and Paul Gordan [ 4 ] in the 19th century for computing invariants of algebraic forms . It is based on treating the form as if it were a power of a degre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_method |
In combinatorics , the symbolic method is a technique for counting combinatorial objects . It uses the internal structure of the objects to derive formulas for their generating functions . The method is mostly associated with Philippe Flajolet and is detailed in Part A of his book with Robert Sedgewick , Analytic Com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_method_(combinatorics) |
In algebra and algebraic geometry , given a commutative Noetherian ring R {\displaystyle R} and an ideal I {\displaystyle I} in it, the n -th symbolic power of I {\displaystyle I} is the ideal
where R P {\displaystyle R_{P}} is the localization of R {\displaystyle R} at P {\displaystyle P} , we set φ P : R → R P {\dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_power_of_an_ideal |
Symbolic regression ( SR ) is a type of regression analysis that searches the space of mathematical expressions to find the model that best fits a given dataset, both in terms of accuracy and simplicity.
No particular model is provided as a starting point for symbolic regression. Instead, initial expressions are forme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_regression |
The modern numerical digit 0 is usually written as a circle, an ellipse or a rounded square or rectangle.
In most modern typefaces , the height of the 0 character is the same as the other digits. However, in typefaces with text figures , the character is often shorter ( x-height ).
Traditionally, many print typefaces... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols_for_zero |
Symbols of death are the motifs, images and concepts associated with death throughout different cultures, religions and societies.
Various images are used traditionally to symbolize death; these rank from blunt depictions of cadavers and their parts to more allusive suggestions that time is fleeting and all men are mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols_of_death |
In mathematics and related subjects, understanding a mathematical expression depends on an understanding of symbols of grouping, such as parentheses (), square brackets [], and braces {} [ 1 ] (see note on terminology below). These same symbols are also used in ways where they are not symbols of grouping. For example,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols_of_grouping |
A symlink race is a kind of software security vulnerability that results from a program creating files in an insecure manner. [ 1 ] A malicious user can create a symbolic link to a file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program creates a file of the same name as the symbolic link, it actually create... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symlink_race |
In mathematics , the symmetric algebra S ( V ) (also denoted Sym( V )) on a vector space V over a field K is a commutative algebra over K that contains V , and is, in some sense, minimal for this property. Here, "minimal" means that S ( V ) satisfies the following universal property : for every linear map f from V to a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_algebra |
In mathematics , the symmetric decreasing rearrangement of a function is a function which is symmetric and decreasing, and whose level sets are of the same size as those of the original function. [ 1 ]
Given a measurable set , A , {\displaystyle A,} in R n , {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n},} one defines the symmetric ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_decreasing_rearrangement |
In mathematics , the symmetric derivative is an operation generalizing the ordinary derivative .
It is defined as: [ 1 ] [ 2 ] lim h → 0 f ( x + h ) − f ( x − h ) 2 h . {\displaystyle \lim _{h\to 0}{\frac {f(x+h)-f(x-h)}{2h}}.}
The expression under the limit is sometimes called the symmetric difference quotient . [ 3... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_derivative |
In mathematics , the symmetric difference of two sets , also known as the disjunctive union and set sum , is the set of elements which are in either of the sets, but not in their intersection. For example, the symmetric difference of the sets { 1 , 2 , 3 } {\displaystyle \{1,2,3\}} and { 3 , 4 } {\displaystyle \{3,4\}}... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference |
In mathematics , a function of n {\displaystyle n} variables is symmetric if its value is the same no matter the order of its arguments . For example, a function f ( x 1 , x 2 ) {\displaystyle f\left(x_{1},x_{2}\right)} of two arguments is a symmetric function if and only if f ( x 1 , x 2 ) = f ( x 2 , x 1 ) {\displays... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_function |
In the mathematical field of graph theory , a graph G is symmetric or arc-transitive if, given any two ordered pairs of adjacent vertices ( u 1 , v 1 ) {\displaystyle (u_{1},v_{1})} and ( u 2 , v 2 ) {\displaystyle (u_{2},v_{2})} of G , there is an automorphism
such that
In other words, a graph is symmetric if its au... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_graph |
In abstract algebra , the symmetric group defined over any set is the group whose elements are all the bijections from the set to itself, and whose group operation is the composition of functions . In particular, the finite symmetric group S n {\displaystyle \mathrm {S} _{n}} defined over a finite set of n {\displayst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_group |
A symmetric hydrogen bond is a special type of hydrogen bond in which the proton is spaced exactly halfway between two identical atoms. The strength of the bond to each of those atoms is equal. It is an example of a 3-center 4-electron bond . This type of bond is much stronger than "normal" hydrogen bonds, in fact, its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_hydrogen_bond |
The level-index ( LI ) representation of numbers, and its algorithms for arithmetic operations, were introduced by Charles Clenshaw and Frank Olver in 1984. [ 1 ]
The symmetric form of the LI system and its arithmetic operations were presented by Clenshaw and Peter Turner in 1987. [ 2 ]
Michael Anuta, Daniel Lozier, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_level-index_arithmetic |
In mathematics , a symmetric polynomial is a polynomial P ( X 1 , X 2 , ..., X n ) in n variables, such that if any of the variables are interchanged, one obtains the same polynomial. Formally, P is a symmetric polynomial if for any permutation σ of the subscripts 1, 2, ..., n one has P ( X σ(1) , X σ(2) , ..., X σ( n ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_polynomial |
In mathematics , the n -fold symmetric product of an algebraic curve C is the quotient space of the n -fold cartesian product
or C n by the group action of the symmetric group S n on n letters permuting the factors. It exists as a smooth algebraic variety denoted by Σ n C . If C is a compact Riemann surface , Σ n C is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_product_of_an_algebraic_curve |
In mathematics , a symmetric space is a Riemannian manifold (or more generally, a pseudo-Riemannian manifold ) whose group of isometries contains an inversion symmetry about every point. This can be studied with the tools of Riemannian geometry , leading to consequences in the theory of holonomy ; or algebraically thro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_space |
In algebraic topology, a symmetric spectrum X is a spectrum of pointed simplicial sets that comes with an action of the symmetric group Σ n {\displaystyle \Sigma _{n}} on X n {\displaystyle X_{n}} such that the composition of structure maps
is equivariant with respect to Σ p × Σ n {\displaystyle \Sigma _{p}\times \Sig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_spectrum |
In mathematics , a symmetric tensor is an unmixed tensor that is invariant under a permutation of its vector arguments:
for every permutation σ of the symbols {1, 2, ..., r }. Alternatively, a symmetric tensor of order r represented in coordinates as a quantity with r indices satisfies
The space of symmetric tensors ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_tensor |
In electrical engineering , the method of symmetrical components simplifies analysis of unbalanced three-phase power systems under both normal and abnormal conditions. The basic idea is that an asymmetrical set of N phasors can be expressed as a linear combination of N symmetrical sets of phasors by means of a complex ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetrical_components |
In radio technology , symmetrical double-sided two-way ranging (SDS-TWR) is a ranging method that uses two delays that naturally occur in signal transmission to determine the range between two stations: [ 1 ]
This method is called symmetrical double-sided two-way ranging because:
A special type of packet (test packet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetrical_double-sided_two-way_ranging |
In mathematics , a function f : R → R {\displaystyle f:\mathbb {R} \to \mathbb {R} } is symmetrically continuous at a point x if
The usual definition of continuity implies symmetric continuity, but the converse is not true. For example, the function x − 2 {\displaystyle x^{-2}} is symmetrically continuous at x = 0 {\d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetrically_continuous_function |
Symmetries of Culture: Theory and Practice of Plane Pattern Analysis is a book by anthropologist Dorothy K. Washburn and mathematician Donald W. Crowe published in 1988 by the University of Washington Press . The book is about the identification of patterns on cultural objects.
The book is divided into seven chapters.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetries_of_Culture:_Theory_and_Practice_of_Plane_Pattern_Analysis |
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