text stringlengths 11 320k | source stringlengths 26 161 |
|---|---|
In mathematics, the supergolden ratio is a geometrical proportion equal to 1.465 571 231 876 768 026 65 ... ; [ 2 ] it is the unique real solution of the equation x 3 = x 2 + 1 .
The name supergolden ratio results from analogy with the golden ratio , the positive solution of the equation x 2 = x + 1.
Two quantities ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergolden_ratio |
A superhabitable world is a hypothetical type of planet or moon that is better suited than Earth for the emergence and evolution of life . The concept was introduced in a 2014 paper by René Heller and John Armstrong, in which they criticized the language used in the search for habitable exoplanets and proposed clarific... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhabitable_world |
In thermodynamics , superheating (sometimes referred to as boiling retardation , or boiling delay ) is the phenomenon in which a liquid is heated to a temperature higher than its boiling point , without boiling . This is a so-called metastable state or metastate , where boiling might occur at any time, induced by exter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheating |
Superheavy elements , also known as transactinide elements , transactinides , or super-heavy elements , or superheavies for short, are the chemical elements with atomic number greater than 104. [ 1 ] The superheavy elements are those beyond the actinides in the periodic table; the last actinide is lawrencium (atomic nu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheavy_element |
A superhelix is a molecular structure in which a helix is itself coiled into a helix. This is significant to both proteins and genetic material, such as overwound circular DNA .
The earliest significant reference in molecular biology is from 1971, by F. B. Fuller:
A geometric invariant of a space curve , the writhing... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhelix |
A superheterodyne receiver , often shortened to superhet , is a type of radio receiver that uses frequency mixing to convert a received signal to a fixed intermediate frequency (IF) which can be more conveniently processed than the original carrier frequency . It was invented by French radio engineer and radio manufact... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheterodyne_receiver |
Superhydrophilicity refers to the phenomenon of excess hydrophilicity , or attraction to water; in superhydrophilic materials, the contact angle of water is equal to zero degrees. This effect was discovered in 1995 by the Research Institute of Toto Ltd. for titanium dioxide irradiated by sunlight . Under light irradiat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhydrophilicity |
A superhydrophobic coating is a thin surface layer that repels water. It is made from superhydrophobic (also known as ultrahydrophobic ) materials, and typically cause an almost imperceptibly thin layer of air to form on top of a surface. Droplets hitting this kind of coating can fully rebound. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Generally sp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhydrophobic_coating |
Superinsulation is an approach to building design, construction, and retrofitting that dramatically reduces heat loss (and gain) by using much higher insulation levels and airtightness than average. Superinsulation is one of the ancestors of the passive house approach.
There is no universally agreed definition of supe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superinsulation |
A superinsulator is a material that at low but finite temperatures does not conduct electricity, i.e. has an infinite resistance so that no electric current passes through it. [ 1 ] The phenomenon of superinsulation can be regarded as an exact dual to superconductivity .
The superinsulating state can be destroyed by i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superinsulator |
In mathematics, a superintegrable Hamiltonian system is a Hamiltonian system on a 2 n {\displaystyle 2n} -dimensional symplectic manifold for which the following conditions hold:
(i) There exist k > n {\displaystyle k>n} independent integrals F i {\displaystyle F_{i}} of motion. Their level surfaces (invariant submani... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superintegrable_Hamiltonian_system |
A superintelligence is a hypothetical agent that possesses intelligence surpassing that of the brightest and most gifted human minds. [ 1 ] "Superintelligence" may also refer to a property of problem-solving systems (e.g., superintelligent language translators or engineering assistants) whether or not these high-level ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superintelligence |
Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies is a 2014 book by the philosopher Nick Bostrom . It explores how superintelligence could be created and what its features and motivations might be. [ 2 ] It argues that superintelligence, if created, would be difficult to control, and that it could take over the world in or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superintelligence:_Paths,_Dangers,_Strategies |
The Superior multimineral process (also known as the McDowell–Wellman process or circular grate process ) is an above ground shale oil extraction technology designed for production of shale oil , a type of synthetic crude oil. The process heats oil shale in a sealed horizontal segmented vessel ( retort ) causing its de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_multimineral_process |
A superlattice is a periodic structure of layers of two (or more) materials. Typically, the thickness of one layer is several nanometers . It can also refer to a lower-dimensional structure such as an array of quantum dots or quantum wells .
Superlattices were discovered early in 1925 by Johansson and Linde [ 1 ] afte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superlattice |
A superlens , or super lens , is a lens which uses metamaterials to go beyond the diffraction limit . The diffraction limit is a feature of conventional lenses and microscopes that limits the fineness of their resolution depending on the illumination wavelength and the numerical aperture (NA) of the objective lens. Man... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superlens |
Superlubricity is a regime of relative motion in which friction vanishes or very nearly vanishes. However, the definition of "vanishing" friction level is not clear, which makes the term vague. As an ad hoc definition, a kinetic coefficient of friction less than 0.01 can be adopted. [ 1 ] This definition also requires ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superlubricity |
In astronomy , superluminal motion is the apparently faster-than-light motion seen in some radio galaxies , BL Lac objects , quasars , blazars and recently also in some galactic sources called microquasars . Bursts of energy moving out along the relativistic jets emitted from these objects can have a proper motion that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superluminal_motion |
A superluminous supernova ( SLSN , plural superluminous supernovae or SLSNe ) is a type of stellar explosion with a luminosity 10 or more times higher than that of standard supernovae . [ 1 ] Like supernovae , SLSNe seem to be produced by several mechanisms, which is readily revealed by their light-curves and spectra .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superluminous_supernova |
Supermalloy is an alloy composed of nickel (75%), iron (20%), and molybdenum (5%). It is a high permeability ferromagnetic alloy used in magnetic cores and magnetic shielding in electrical components, such as pulse transformers and ultra-sensitive magnetic amplifiers. It has a resistivity of 0.6 Ω ·mm 2 /m (or 6.0 x 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermalloy |
Supermicelle is a hierarchical micelle structure ( supramolecular assembly ) where individual components are also micelles. Supermicelles are formed via bottom-up chemical approaches, such as self-assembly of long cylindrical micelles into radial cross-, star- or dandelion -like patterns in a specially selected solvent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermicelle |
In mathematics, a supermodular function is a function on a lattice that, informally, has the property of being characterized by "increasing differences." Seen from the point of set functions , this can also be viewed as a relationship of "increasing returns", where adding more elements to a subset increases its valuati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermodular_function |
Supramolecular chemistry refers to the branch of chemistry concerning chemical systems composed of a discrete number of molecules . The strength of the forces responsible for spatial organization of the system range from weak intermolecular forces , electrostatic charge , or hydrogen bonding to strong covalent bonding ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermolecule |
A supermoon is a full moon or a new moon that nearly coincides with perigee —the closest that the Moon comes to the Earth in its orbit —resulting in a slightly larger-than-usual apparent size of the lunar disk as viewed from Earth. [ 1 ] The technical name is a perigee syzygy (of the Earth–Moon–Sun system) or a full (o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermoon |
In mathematics , the supernatural numbers , sometimes called generalized natural numbers or Steinitz numbers , are a generalization of the natural numbers . They were used by Ernst Steinitz [ 1 ] : 249–251 in 1910 as a part of his work on field theory .
A supernatural number ω {\displaystyle \omega } is a formal produ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernatural_number |
A supernetwork , or supernet , is an Internet Protocol (IP) network that is formed by aggregation of multiple networks (or subnets ) into a larger network. The new routing prefix for the aggregate network represents the constituent networks in a single routing table entry. The process of forming a supernet is called su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernetwork |
The Supernova Legacy Survey Program [ 1 ] is a project designed to investigate dark energy , by detecting and monitoring approximately 2000 high- redshift supernovae between 2003 and 2008, using MegaPrime , a large CCD mosaic at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope . It also carries out detailed spectroscopy of a subsamp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova_Legacy_Survey |
Supernova impostors are stellar explosions that appear at first to be a supernova but do not destroy their progenitor stars. As such, they are a class of extra-powerful novae . They are also known as Type V supernovae , Eta Carinae analogs, and giant eruptions of luminous blue variables (LBV). [ 2 ]
Supernova impostor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova_impostor |
Supernova nucleosynthesis is the nucleosynthesis of chemical elements in supernova explosions.
In sufficiently massive stars, the nucleosynthesis by fusion of lighter elements into heavier ones occurs during sequential hydrostatic burning processes called helium burning , carbon burning , oxygen burning , and silicon ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova_nucleosynthesis |
In physics , a superoperator is a linear operator acting on a vector space of linear operators . [ 1 ]
Sometimes the term refers more specially to a completely positive map which also preserves or does not increase the trace of its argument . This specialized meaning is used extensively in the field of quantum computi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoperator |
Superose is a trade name for a collection of FPLC columns which are used in the automated separation of biological molecules. The different columns provided can separate a variety of macromolecules , ranging from small peptides and polysaccharides to DNA strands and entire viruses. The material inside the column is aga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superose |
In chemistry , a superoxide is a compound that contains the superoxide ion , which has the chemical formula O − 2 . [ 1 ] The systematic name of the anion is dioxide(1−) . The reactive oxygen ion superoxide is particularly important as the product of the one-electron reduction of dioxygen O 2 , which occurs widely in n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoxide |
Superparamagnetic relaxometry ( SPMR ) is a technology combining the use of sensitive magnetic sensors and the superparamagnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles (NP). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For NP of a sufficiently small size, on the order of tens of nanometers (nm), the NP exhibit paramagnetic properties, i.e., they have l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superparamagnetic_relaxometry |
Superparamagnetism is a form of magnetism which appears in small ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles . In sufficiently small nanoparticles, magnetization can randomly flip direction under the influence of temperature. The typical time between two flips is called the Néel relaxation time . In the absence of an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superparamagnetism |
Superparasitism is a form of parasitism in which the host (typically an insect larva such as a caterpillar ) is attacked more than once by a single species of parasitoid . Multiparasitism or coinfection , on the other hand, occurs when the host has been parasitized by more than one species. [ 1 ] Host discrimination, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superparasitism |
In particle physics , a superpartner (also sparticle ) is a class of hypothetical elementary particles predicted by supersymmetry , which, among other applications, is one of the well-studied ways to extend the Standard Model of high-energy physics . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
When considering extensions of the Standard Model , the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superpartner |
In materials science , superplasticity is a state in which solid crystalline material is deformed well beyond its usual breaking point, usually over about 400% during tensile deformation. [ 1 ] Such a state is usually achieved at high homologous temperature . Examples of superplastic materials are some fine-grained met... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superplasticity |
Superplasticizers ( SPs ), also known as high range water reducers , are additives used for making high strength concrete or to place self-compacting concrete . Plasticizers are chemical compounds enabling the production of concrete with approximately 15% less water content . Superplasticizers allow reduction in water ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superplasticizer |
The superposition calculus is a calculus for reasoning in equational logic . It was developed in the early 1990s and combines concepts from first-order resolution with ordering-based equality handling as developed in the context of (unfailing) Knuth–Bendix completion . It can be seen as a generalization of either reso... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition_calculus |
In mathematics , the superquadrics or super-quadrics (also superquadratics ) are a family of geometric shapes defined by formulas that resemble those of ellipsoids and other quadrics , except that the squaring operations are replaced by arbitrary powers. They can be seen as the three-dimensional relatives of the supere... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superquadrics |
In quantum optics , a superradiant phase transition is a phase transition that occurs in a collection of fluorescent emitters (such as atoms), between a state containing few electromagnetic excitations (as in the electromagnetic vacuum ) and a superradiant state with many electromagnetic excitations trapped inside the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superradiant_phase_transition |
In economics and game theory , a participant is considered to have superrationality (or renormalized rationality ) if they have perfect rationality (and thus maximize their utility ) but assume that all other players are superrational too and that a superrational individual will always come up with the same strategy as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superrationality |
In physical chemistry , supersaturation occurs with a solution when the concentration of a solute exceeds the concentration specified by the value of solubility at equilibrium . Most commonly the term is applied to a solution of a solid in a liquid , but it can also be applied to liquids and gases dissolved in a liquid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersaturation |
In mathematics, the supersilver ratio is a geometrical proportion equal to the unique real solution of the equation x 3 = 2 x 2 + 1 . The decimal expansion of the root begins as 2.205 569 430 400 590 ... (sequence A356035 in the OEIS ).
The name supersilver ratio results from analogy with the silver ratio , the posit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersilver_ratio |
Superslow processes are processes in which values change so little that their capture is very difficult because of their smallness in comparison with the measurement error. [ 1 ]
Most of the time, the superslow processes lie beyond the scope of investigation due to the reason of their superslowness. Multiple gaps can... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superslow_process |
In condensed matter physics , a supersolid is a spatially ordered (i.e. solid ) material with superfluid properties. In the case of helium-4 , it has been conjectured since the 1960s that it might be possible to create a supersolid. [ 1 ] Starting from 2017, a definitive proof for the existence of this state was provid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersolid |
A supersonic airfoil is a cross-section geometry designed to generate lift efficiently at supersonic speeds. The need for such a design arises when an aircraft is required to operate consistently in the supersonic flight regime.
Supersonic airfoils generally have a thin section formed of either angled planes or oppose... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic_airfoils |
Supersonic flow over a flat plate is a classical fluid dynamics problem. There is no exact solution to it.
When a fluid flow at the speed of sound over a thin sharp flat plate over the leading edge at low incident angle at low Reynolds Number . Then a laminar boundary layer will be developed at the leading edge of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic_flow_over_a_flat_plate |
Supersonic fractures are fractures where the fracture propagation velocity is higher than the speed of sound in the material. This phenomenon was first discovered by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research in Stuttgart ( Markus J. Buehler and Huajian Gao ) and IBM Almaden Research Center in San Jos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic_fracture |
Supersonic gas separation is a technology to remove one or several gaseous components out of a mixed gas (typically raw natural gas ). The process condensates the target components by cooling the gas through expansion in a Laval nozzle and then separates the condensates from the dried gas through an integrated cyclonic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic_gas_separation |
Supersonic speed is the speed of an object that exceeds the speed of sound ( Mach 1). For objects traveling in dry air of a temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) at sea level , this speed is approximately 343.2 m/s (1,126 ft/s; 768 mph; 667.1 kn; 1,236 km/h). Speeds greater than five times the speed of sound (Mach 5) are often ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic_speed |
A supersonic wind tunnel is a wind tunnel that produces supersonic speeds (1.2< M <5)
The Mach number and flow are determined by the nozzle geometry. The Reynolds number is varied by changing the density level (pressure in the settling chamber). Therefore, a high pressure ratio is required (for a supersonic regime at M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic_wind_tunnel |
Superspace is the coordinate space of a theory exhibiting supersymmetry . In such a formulation, along with ordinary space dimensions x , y , z , ..., there are also "anticommuting" dimensions whose coordinates are labeled in Grassmann numbers rather than real numbers. The ordinary space dimensions correspond to bosoni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superspace |
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synony... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superspecies |
Superstatistics [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is a branch of statistical mechanics or statistical physics devoted to the study of non-linear and non- equilibrium systems . It is characterized by using the superposition of multiple differing statistical models to achieve the desired non-linearity. In terms of ordinary statistical ideas, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstatistics |
A superstructure is an upward extension of an existing structure above a baseline. This term is applied to various kinds of physical structures such as buildings , bridges , or ships . [ 1 ]
On water craft, the superstructure consists of the parts of the ship or a boat , including sailboats , fishing boats , passenger... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstructure |
In solid state physics , a superstructure is some additional structure that is superimposed on a higher symmetry crystalline structure. [ 1 ] A typical and important example is ferromagnetic ordering.
In a wider sense, the term "superstructure" is applied to polymers and proteins to describe ordering on a length scale... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstructure_(condensed_matter) |
In physics, the supersymmetric WKB (SWKB) approximation [ 1 ] is an extension of the WKB approximation that uses principles from supersymmetric quantum mechanics to provide estimations on energy eigenvalues in quantum-mechanical systems. Using the supersymmetric method, there are potentials V ( x ) {\displaystyle V(x)}... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetric_WKB_approximation |
In theoretical physics , supersymmetric quantum mechanics is an area of research where supersymmetry are applied to the simpler setting of plain quantum mechanics , rather than quantum field theory . Supersymmetric quantum mechanics has found applications outside of high-energy physics , such as providing new methods t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetric_quantum_mechanics |
Supersymmetric theory of stochastic dynamics ( STS ) is a multidisciplinary approach to stochastic dynamics on the intersection of dynamical systems theory , statistical physics , stochastic differential equations (SDE), topological field theories ,
and the theory of pseudo-Hermitian operators. It can be seen as an alg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetric_theory_of_stochastic_dynamics |
Supersymmetry is a theoretical framework in physics that suggests the existence of a symmetry between particles with integer spin ( bosons ) and particles with half-integer spin ( fermions ). It proposes that for every known particle, there exists a partner particle with different spin properties. [ 1 ] There have been... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry |
In particle physics , supersymmetry breaking or SUSY breaking is a process via which a seemingly non- supersymmetric physics emerges from a supersymmetric theory. Assuming a breaking of supersymmetry is a necessary step to reconcile supersymmetry with experimental observations. [ 1 ]
Superpartner particles, whose mass... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry_breaking |
" Supertoys Last All Summer Long " is a science fiction short story by Brian Aldiss , first published in the UK edition of Harper's Bazaar , in its December 1969 issue. [ 1 ] The story deals with humanity in an age of intelligent machines and of the aching loneliness endemic in an overpopulated future where child creat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supertoys_Last_All_Summer_Long |
In ecology , a supertramp species is any type of animal which follows the "supertramp" strategy of high dispersion among many different habitats, towards none of which it is particularly specialized. Supertramp species are typically the first to arrive in newly available habitats, such as volcanic islands and freshly d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supertramp_(ecology) |
A supertree is a single phylogenetic tree assembled from a combination of smaller phylogenetic trees, which may have been assembled using different datasets (e.g. morphological and molecular) or a different selection of taxa. [ 1 ] Supertree algorithms can highlight areas where additional data would most usefully resol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supertree |
In philosophical logic , supervaluationism is a semantics for dealing with irreferential singular terms and vagueness . [ 1 ] It allows one to apply the tautologies of propositional logic in cases where truth values are undefined.
According to supervaluationism, a proposition can have a definite truth value even when ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervaluationism |
The Supervising Scientist is a statutory office under Australian law, originally created to assist in the monitoring of what was then one of the world's largest uranium mines, the Ranger Uranium Mine . It now provides advice more generally on a 'wide range of scientific matters and mining-related environmental issues o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervising_Scientist |
A supervisory program or supervisor is a computer program that is usually referred as an operating system . It controls the execution of other routines such as regulating work schedules , input/output operations, and error actions .
Historically, this term was essentially associated with IBM 's line of mainframe opera... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervisory_program |
The supine position ( / ˈ s uː p aɪ n / ) means lying horizontally, with the face and torso facing up, as opposed to the prone position , which is face down. When used in surgical procedures, it grants access to the peritoneal , thoracic , and pericardial regions; as well as the head, neck, and extremities. [ 1 ]
Usin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supine_position |
In relativistic physics , Supplee's paradox (also called the submarine paradox ) is a physical paradox that arises when considering the buoyant force exerted on a relativistic bullet (or in a submarine) immersed in a fluid subject to an ambient gravitational field . If a bullet has neutral buoyancy when it is at rest i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supplee's_paradox |
Supply chain engineering is the engineering discipline that concerns the planning, design, and operation of supply chains . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Some of its main areas include logistics , production , and pricing . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It involves various areas in mathematical modelling such as operations research , machine learning , a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain_engineering |
A supply chain responsiveness matrix is a tool that is used to analyze inventory and lead time within an organization. The matrix is one of a number of value stream mapping tools. [ 1 ] The matrix is represented by showing lead time along the x-axis and inventory along the y-axis. The result shows where slow moving sto... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain_responsiveness_matrix |
David Bierens de Haan (3 May 1822, in Amsterdam – 12 August 1895, in Leiden ) was a Dutch mathematician and historian of science .
Bierens de Haan was a son of the rich merchant Abraham Pieterszoon de Haan (1795–1880) and Catharina Jacoba Bierens (1797–1835). In 1843 he completed a study in the exact sciences and rece... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supplément_aux_tables_d'intégrales_définies |
In mathematics , the support of a real-valued function f {\displaystyle f} is the subset of the function domain of elements that are not mapped to zero. If the domain of f {\displaystyle f} is a topological space , then the support of f {\displaystyle f} is instead defined as the smallest closed set containing all poin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_(mathematics) |
For a rigid object in contact with a fixed environment and acted upon by gravity in the vertical direction, its support polygon is a horizontal region over which the center of mass must lie to achieve static stability. [ 1 ] For example, for an object resting on a horizontal surface (e.g. a table), the support polygon ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_polygon |
In convex analysis and mathematical optimization , the supporting functional is a generalization of the supporting hyperplane of a set.
Let X be a locally convex topological space , and C ⊂ X {\displaystyle C\subset X} be a convex set , then the continuous linear functional ϕ : X → R {\displaystyle \phi :X\to \mathbb ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supporting_functional |
In geometry , a supporting hyperplane of a set S {\displaystyle S} in Euclidean space R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} is a hyperplane that has both of the following two properties: [ 1 ]
Here, a closed half-space is the half-space that includes the points within the hyperplane.
This theorem states that if S {\di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supporting_hyperplane |
In geometry , a supporting line L of a curve C in the plane is a line that contains a point of C , but does not separate any two points of C . [ 1 ] In other words, C lies completely in one of the two closed half-planes defined by L and has at least one point on L .
There can be many supporting lines for a curve at a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supporting_line |
Subtractive hybridization is a technology that allows for PCR-based amplification of only cDNA fragments that differ between a control (driver) and experimental transcriptome . cDNA is produced from mRNA . Differences in relative abundance of transcripts are highlighted, as are genetic differences between species. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppression_subtractive_hybridization |
A suppressor mutation is a second mutation that alleviates or reverts the phenotypic effects of an already existing mutation in a process defined synthetic rescue . Genetic suppression therefore restores the phenotype seen prior to the original background mutation. [ 1 ] Suppressor mutations are useful for identifying... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppressor_mutation |
8651
12703
ENSG00000185338
ENSMUSG00000038037
O15524
O35716
NM_003745
NM_001271603 NM_009896
NP_003736
NP_001258532 NP_034026
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOCS1 gene . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] SOCS1 orthologs [ 7 ] have been identified in several mammals for which comple... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppressor_of_cytokine_signaling_1 |
SOCS ( suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins ) refers to a family of genes involved in inhibiting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway .
All SOCS have certain structures in common. This includes a varying N-terminal domain involved in protein-protein interactions, a central SH2 domain, which can bind to molecules that h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppressor_of_cytokine_signalling |
Supra-arcade downflows ( SADs ) are sunward-traveling plasma voids that are sometimes observed in the Sun 's outer atmosphere , or corona , during solar flares . In solar physics , arcade refers to a bundle of coronal loops , and the prefix supra indicates that the downflows appear above flare arcades. They were first ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supra-arcade_downflows |
Supramolecular chemistry refers to the branch of chemistry concerning chemical systems composed of a discrete number of molecules . The strength of the forces responsible for spatial organization of the system range from weak intermolecular forces , electrostatic charge , or hydrogen bonding to strong covalent bonding ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supramolecular_assembly |
Supramolecular catalysis refers to an application of supramolecular chemistry , especially molecular recognition and guest binding, toward catalysis. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This field was originally inspired by enzymatic system which, unlike classical organic chemistry reactions, utilizes non-covalent interactions such as hydroge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supramolecular_catalysis |
Supramolecular chemistry refers to the branch of chemistry concerning chemical systems composed of a discrete number of molecules . The strength of the forces responsible for spatial organization of the system range from weak intermolecular forces , electrostatic charge , or hydrogen bonding to strong covalent bonding ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supramolecular_chemistry |
In chemistry , the term supramolecular chirality is used to describe supramolecular assemblies that are non-superposable on their mirror images.
Chirality in supramolecular chemistry implies the non-symmetric arrangement of molecular components in a non-covalent assembly. Chirality may arise in a supramolecular system... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supramolecular_chirality |
Supramolecular electronics is the experimental field of supramolecular chemistry that bridges the gap between molecular electronics and bulk plastics in the construction of electronic circuitry at the nanoscale . [ 1 ] In supramolecular electronics, assemblies of pi-conjugated systems on the 5 to 100 nanometer scale ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supramolecular_electronics |
Supramolecular polymers are a subset of polymers where the monomeric units are connected by reversible and highly directional secondary interactions–that is, non-covalent bonds . These non-covalent interactions include van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonding , Coulomb or ionic interactions , π-π stacking , metal ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supramolecular_polymer |
Supriatna (born 14 March 1967) is an Indonesian professor of geography and academic administrator at the University of Indonesia. He is currently the Director of the University of Indonesia School of Environmental Science since 26 February 2025, and the acting director of the University of Indonesia School of Strategic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supriatna |
In decision theory , the sure-thing principle states that a decision maker who decided they would take a certain action in the case that event E has occurred, as well as in the case that the negation of E has occurred, should also take that same action if they know nothing about E .
The principle was coined by L.J. Sa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sure-thing_principle |
Suresh Venepally ( Telugu : సురేశ్ వేనెపల్లి ; born 1966) is an Indian mathematician known for his research work in algebra . He is a professor at Emory University .
Suresh was born in Vangoor, Telangana, India and studied in ZPHS at Vangoor up to 9th standard. He did his M.Sc at University of Hyderabad .
He joined Ta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suresh_Venapally |
The surface-area-to-volume ratio or surface-to-volume ratio (denoted as SA:V , SA/V , or sa/vol ) is the ratio between surface area and volume of an object or collection of objects.
SA:V is an important concept in science and engineering. It is used to explain the relation between structure and function in processes o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-area-to-volume_ratio |
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy or surface-enhanced Raman scattering ( SERS ) is a surface-sensitive technique that enhances Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on rough metal surfaces or by nanostructures such as plasmonic-magnetic silica nanotubes. [ 1 ] The enhancement factor can be as much as 10 10 to 10 11 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-enhanced_Raman_spectroscopy |
Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization ( SELDI ) is a soft ionization method in mass spectrometry (MS) used for the analysis of protein mixtures . It is a variation of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In MALDI, the sample is mixed with a matrix material and applied to a metal plate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-enhanced_laser_desorption/ionization |
Surface-extended X-ray absorption fine structure ( SEXAFS ) is the surface-sensitive equivalent of the EXAFS technique. This technique involves the illumination of the sample by high-intensity X-ray beams from a synchrotron and monitoring their photoabsorption by detecting in the intensity of Auger electrons as a funct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-extended_X-ray_absorption_fine_structure |
Surface-water hydrology is the sub-field of hydrology concerned with above-earth water ( surface water ), in contrast to groundwater hydrology that deals with water below the surface of the Earth. Its applications include rainfall and runoff , the routes that surface water takes (for example through rivers or reservoir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-water_hydrology |
In mathematics , a surface is a mathematical model of the common concept of a surface . It is a generalization of a plane , but, unlike a plane, it may be curved ; this is analogous to a curve generalizing a straight line .
There are several more precise definitions, depending on the context and the mathematical tools... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_(mathematics) |
Surface Evolver is an interactive program for the study of surfaces shaped by surface tension and other energies, and subject to various constraints. A surface is implemented as a simplicial complex . The user defines an initial surface in a datafile. The Evolver evolves the surface toward minimal energy by a gradient ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_Evolver |
Surface Science is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier that covers the physics and chemistry of surfaces and interfaces . It was established in 1964. The journal encompasses Surface Science Letters , which was published separately until 1993.
The scope of the journal includes nanotechnolog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_Science_(journal) |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.