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The Vaccine Investigation and OnLine Information Network ( VIOLIN ) is the largest web-based vaccine database and analysis system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] VIOLIN currently contains over 3,000 vaccines or vaccine candidates for over 190 pathogens . The vaccine information in the database is collected by manual curation from over 1,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIOLIN_vaccine_database |
VIPER is a 32-bit microprocessor design created by Royal Signals and Radar Establishment (RSRE) in the 1980s, intended to be used in safety-critical systems such as avionics . [ 1 ] It was the first commercial microprocessor design to be formally proven correct, although there was some controversy surrounding this clai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIPER_microprocessor |
VIP (Visual Information Projection) terminals are a series of computer terminals by Honeywell / Bull , used to connect to their mainframe systems.
This computing article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIP_terminal |
VITAband is a silicone encircling strip worn on the wrist. It can be referred to a bracelet-like band of a wristwatch , to the cuff or other part of a sleeve that covers the wrist. It is a lightweight, waterproof and hypoallergenic [ 1 ] flexible wristband that is used when jogging , running, cycling or hiking , or wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VITAband |
The VLSI Project was a DARPA -program initiated by Robert Kahn in 1978 [ 1 ] that provided research funding to a wide variety of university -based teams in an effort to improve the state of the art in microprocessor design, then known as Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI).
The VLSI Project is one of the most influent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLSI_Project |
VM Software [ 1 ] was a software company whose product line focused on mainframes running IBM 's VM/CMS operating system .
VM Software was formed under that name in 1981. [ 2 ] They had 11 products named VMxxxxx, with features that complemented the systems-oriented capabilities that IBM's software provided. With the 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VM_Software |
vMessage is a file format used for the storage and exchange of short messages, typically SMS messages, between mobile devices and desktop computers . The format is used by multiple vendors, including Nokia , Siemens and Palm , and is similar to the commonly used vCard format. vCard is used within the format to embed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMessage |
V̇O 2 max (also maximal oxygen consumption , maximal oxygen uptake or maximal aerobic capacity ) is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption attainable during physical exertion. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The name is derived from three abbreviations: "V̇" for volume (the dot over the V indicates "per unit of time" in Newton's notation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VO2_max |
VOCs ( volatile organic compounds ) are a dangerous contaminant of groundwater , leading to groundwater pollution . They are generally introduced to the environment through careless industrial practices.
VOCs are responsible for a number of adverse health effects especially for nursing and pregnant mothers. Many of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOC_contamination_of_groundwater |
VOC exempt solvents are organic compounds that are exempt from restrictions placed on most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the United States. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] This class of solvent currently includes acetone , dimethyl carbonate , methyl acetate , parachlorobenzotrifluoride (Oxsol 100), tert-Butyl ace... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOC_exempt_solvent |
Vanadium oxydichloride is the inorganic compound with the formula VOCl 2 . One of several oxychlorides of vanadium, it is a hygroscopic green solid. It is prepared by comproportionation of vanadium trichloride and vanadium(V) oxides: [ 1 ]
As verified by X-ray crystallography , vanadium oxydichloride adopts a layer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOCl2 |
Vanadium oxytrichloride is the inorganic compound with the formula VOCl 3 . This yellow distillable liquid hydrolyzes readily in air. It is an oxidizing agent . It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis . [ 1 ] Samples often appear red or orange owing to an impurity of vanadium tetrachloride . [ 2 ]
VOCl 3 is a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOCl3 |
Vanadium(V) oxytrifluoride is a chemical compound with the formula V O F 3 . It is one of several vanadium(V) oxyhalides. VOF 3 is a yellowish orange powder that is sensitive to moisture. [ 2 ] Characteristic of early metal fluorides, the structure is polymeric in the solid state. The solid adopts a layered structure... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOF3 |
Vanadium phosphates are inorganic compounds with the formula VO x PO 4 as well related hydrates with the formula VO x PO 4 (H 2 O) n . Some of these compounds are used commercially as catalysts for oxidation reactions.
A common vanadium phosphate is VOPO 4 •2H 2 O.
Seven polymorphs are known for anhydrous VOPO 4 , de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOPO4 |
Vanadyl(IV) sulfate describes a collection of inorganic compounds of vanadium with the formula, VOSO 4 (H 2 O) x where 0 ≤ x ≤ 6. The pentahydrate is common. This hygroscopic blue solid is one of the most common sources of vanadium in the laboratory, reflecting its high stability. It features the vanadyl ion, VO 2+ , w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOSO4 |
VP/CSS was a time-sharing operating system developed by National CSS . It began life in 1968 as a copy of IBM's CP/CMS , which at the time was distributed to IBM customers at no charge, in source code form, without support, as part of the IBM Type-III Library . Through extensive in-house development, in what today woul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP/CSS |
VRVis ( V ienna R esearch for Vis ual Computing) is Austria's largest research center in the area of Visual Computing . It is one of currently 24 centrally funded COMET – Competence Centers for Excellent Technologies of Austria. [ 2 ] The VRVis Center is located in Ares Tower in Vienna . [ 3 ] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VRVis |
VR ( Russian VX , VXr , Soviet V-gas , GOSNIIOKhT substance No. 33 , Agent "November" ) is a "V-series" unitary nerve agent closely related (it is an isomer ) to the better-known VX nerve agent . [ 1 ] It became a prototype for the series of Novichok agents . According to chemical weapons expert Jonathan Tucker , the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VR_(nerve_agent) |
A virtual storage area network (virtual SAN, VSAN or vSAN) is a logical representation of a physical storage area network (SAN). A VSAN abstracts the storage-related operations from the physical storage layer , and provides shared storage access to the applications and virtual machines by combining the servers' local s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSAN |
Valence shell electron pair repulsion ( VSEPR ) theory ( / ˈ v ɛ s p ər , v ə ˈ s ɛ p ər / VESP -ər , [ 1 ] : 410 və- SEP -ər [ 2 ] ) is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. [ 3 ] It is also named the Gillespie-Nyhol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSEPR_theory |
VSYS Host (Virtual Systems LLC) is a hosting provider specializing in dedicated servers , virtual private servers (VPS), and web hosting . The company offers its services through data centers located in Ukraine , the Netherlands , the USA , and Singapore , ensuring hosting solutions across multiple regions worldwide. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSYS_Host |
A volume unit ( VU ) meter or standard volume indicator ( SVI ) is a device displaying a representation of the signal level in audio equipment .
The original design was proposed in the 1940 IRE paper, A New Standard Volume Indicator and Reference Level , written by experts from CBS , NBC , and Bell Telephone Laborator... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VU_meter |
vV̇O 2 max ( velocity at maximal oxygen uptake ), also known as maximal aerobic speed ( MAS ), is an intense running or swimming pace. This is the minimum speed for which the organism's maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) is reached, after a few minutes of constantly maintaining this exercise intensity. At higher paces, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VVO2max |
VX is an extremely toxic synthetic chemical compound in the organophosphorus class, specifically, a thiophosphonate . In the class of nerve agents , it was developed for military use in chemical warfare after translation of earlier discoveries of organophosphate toxicity in pesticide research. In its pure form, VX is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VX_(nerve_agent) |
23.5.15 (Java 11 support, commercial release) (February 15, 2025 ; 3 months ago ( 2025-02-15 ) [ 2 ] ) [±]
Vaadin ( Finnish pronunciation: [ˈʋɑːdin] ) is an open-source web application development platform for Java . Vaadin includes a set of Web Components , a Java web framework , and a set of tools that enable develo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaadin |
In crystallography , a vacancy is a type of point defect in a crystal where an atom is missing from one of the lattice sites. [ 2 ] Crystals inherently possess imperfections, sometimes referred to as crystallographic defects .
Vacancies occur naturally in all crystalline materials. At any given temperature, up to the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacancy_defect |
A vacant niche or empty niche is an ecological niche in a particular ecosystem that is not occupied by a particular species. The issue of what exactly defines a vacant niche and whether they exist in ecosystems is controversial. The subject is intimately tied into a much broader debate on whether ecosystems can reach e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacant_niche |
Vaccination Week In The Americas (VWA) is an annual public health campaign by the member states of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) to promote equity and access to immunization . [ 1 ] It is marked each year during the last week of April. [ 2 ]
Since 2012, the campaign has been celebrated globally across al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_Week_In_The_Americas |
The relationship between vaccination and religion is complex and multifaceted. While no major religion explicitly prohibits vaccinations , some individuals cite religious adherence [ 1 ] as a basis for opting not to vaccinate themselves or their children. [ 2 ] Historically, both pro- and anti-vaccination groups have u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_and_religion |
A vaccination policy is a health policy adopted in order to prevent the spread of infectious disease . These policies are generally put into place by state or local governments, but may also be set by private facilities, such as workplaces or schools. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Many policies have been developed and implemented since ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_policy |
A vaccination schedule is a series of vaccinations , including the timing of all doses, which may be either recommended or compulsory, depending on the country of residence.
A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease , in order to prevent or reduce the effects of infection by an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_schedule |
A vaccinator is a person who gives injections of a vaccine to people. Vaccinators require the skills of knowing where to inject the needle into the recipient as well as preparing the substance to be injected. [ 1 ]
Under normal conditions, routine inoculations can be given by one’s healthcare provider, at a pharmacy ,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinator |
Vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD) , or simply enhanced respiratory disease (ERD), is an adverse event where an exacerbated course of respiratory disease occurs with higher incidence in the vaccinated population than in the control group . It is a barrier against vaccine development that can lead t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine-associated_enhanced_respiratory_disease |
A vaccine-associated sarcoma ( VAS ) or feline injection-site sarcoma ( FISS ) is a type of malignant tumor found in cats (and, often, dogs and ferrets ) which has been linked to certain vaccines . VAS has become a concern for veterinarians and cat owners alike and has resulted in changes in recommended vaccine protoc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine-associated_sarcoma |
Vaccine-induced seropositivity ( VISP ) is the phenomenon wherein a person who has received a vaccine against a disease would thereafter give a positive or reactive test result for having that disease when tested for it, despite not actually having the disease. This happens because many vaccines encourage the body to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine-induced_seropositivity |
Vaccine-naive is a lack of immunity, or immunologic memory , to a disease because the person has not been vaccinated . There are a variety of reasons why a person may not have received a vaccination, including contraindications due to preexisting medical conditions, lack of resources, previous vaccination failure, reli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine-naive |
A vaccine-preventable disease is an infectious disease for which an effective preventive vaccine exists. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If a person acquires a vaccine-preventable disease and dies from it, the death is considered a vaccine-preventable death . [ citation needed ]
The most common and serious vaccine-preventable diseases tr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine-preventable_disease |
The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System ( VAERS ) is a United States program for vaccine safety, co-managed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). [ 1 ] VAERS is a postmarketing surveillance program, collecting information about adverse events (possib... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Adverse_Event_Reporting_System |
A Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) is a document designed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to provide information to a patient receiving a vaccine in the United States. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act requires that medical professionals provide a VIS to patients before receiving cert... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Information_Statement |
The Vaccine Safety Datalink Project ( VSD ) was established in 1990 by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to study the adverse effects of vaccines .
Four large health maintenance organizations , including Kaiser Permanente , were initially recruited to provide the CDC with medical data ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Safety_Datalink |
A vaccine adverse event (VAE), sometimes referred to as a vaccine injury , is an adverse event believed to have been caused by vaccination . [ 1 ] The World Health Organization (WHO) refers to Adverse Events Following Immunization ( AEFI ). [ 2 ]
AEFIs can be related to the vaccine itself (product or quality defects),... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_adverse_event |
Vaccine bundling is a contractual agreement offered by some pharmaceutical companies to pediatricians , that gives a discount to doctors purchasing pediatric vaccines, but only if the physicians agree to buy the majority of their vaccines from a single manufacturer. [ 1 ] It is a form of product bundling .
Many pediat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_bundling |
Many vaccines require refrigeration to remain active, and the lack of infrastructure to maintain the cool chain to reliably bring vaccines into more remote areas of developing countries poses a serious challenge to national immunization programs. Portable vaccine cooler units have been proposed by several technologists... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_cooler |
Vaccine efficacy or vaccine effectiveness is the percentage reduction of disease cases in a vaccinated group of people compared to an unvaccinated group . For example, a vaccine efficacy or effectiveness of 80% indicates an 80% decrease in the number of disease cases among a group of vaccinated people compared to a gro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_efficacy |
Vaccine equity means ensuring that everyone in the world has equal access to vaccines . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The importance of vaccine equity has been emphasized by researchers and public health experts during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 3 ] but is relevant to other illnesses and vaccines as well. Historically, world-wide immuniza... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_equity |
A vaccine dose contains many ingredients (such as stabilizers, adjuvants, residual inactivating ingredients, residual cell culture materials, residual antibiotics and preservatives) very little of which is the active ingredient, the immunogen . A single dose may have merely nanograms of virus particles, or micrograms o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_ingredients |
Vaccine line jumping is the act of obtaining a vaccine in which the supply fails to meet the demands of the population ahead of those for whom it has been prioritized, usually via fraudulent means, the exploitation of one's social status, or some other unethical manner. Vaccine line jumping is distinct from vaccine cha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_line_jumping |
Vaccine resistance is the evolutionary adaptation of pathogens to infect and spread through vaccinated individuals, analogous to antimicrobial resistance . It concerns both human and animal vaccines. Although the emergence of a number of vaccine resistant pathogens has been well documented, this phenomenon is neverthel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_resistance |
Vaccine therapy is a type of treatment that uses a substance or group of substances to stimulate the immune system to destroy a tumor or infectious microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses .
Cancer is a group of fatal diseases that involves abnormal cell growth that can invade or spread to other parts of the body. [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_therapy |
A vaccine trial is a clinical trial that aims at establishing the safety and efficacy of a vaccine prior to it being licensed. [ 1 ]
A vaccine candidate drug is first identified through preclinical evaluations that could involve high throughput screening and selecting the proper antigen to invoke an immune response. [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_trial |
A vaccine vial monitor ( VVM ) is a thermochromic label put on vials containing vaccines which gives a visual indication of whether the vaccine has been kept at a temperature which preserves its potency. The labels were designed in response to the problem of delivering vaccines to developing countries where the cold c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_vial_monitor |
Vaccine wastage is the number of vaccines that have not been administered during vaccine deployment in an immunization program. The wastage can occur at multiple stages of the deployment process, and can take place in both unopened and opened vials, or in oral admission. It is an expected part of vaccination deployment... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_wastage |
The vaccinia virus ( VACV or VV ) [ a ] is a large, complex, enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family. [ 3 ] It has a linear , double-stranded DNA genome approximately 190 kbp in length, which encodes approximately 250 genes . The dimensions of the virion are roughly 360 × 270 × 250 nm , with a mass of approxim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinia |
A vactrain (or vacuum tube train ) is a proposed design for very- high-speed rail transportation. It is a maglev (magnetic levitation) line using partly evacuated tubes or tunnels. Reduced air resistance could permit vactrains to travel at very high ( hypersonic ) speeds with relatively little power—up to 6,400–8,000 k... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vactrain |
A vacuum ( pl. : vacuums or vacua ) is space devoid of matter . The word is derived from the Latin adjective vacuus (neuter vacuum ) meaning "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure . [ 1 ] Physicists often discuss ideal test results tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum |
In large scale oceanic civil engineering , vacuum-anchors are used to anchor gravity-based structures [ 1 ] (such as the Troll A Oil Platform ) in the soft bottomed muck found on many oil bearing continental shelves and the world's shallower seas.
This design is modeled on how the webbed feet of aquatic animals increa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum-anchor |
A vacuum Rabi oscillation is a damped oscillation of an initially excited atom coupled to an electromagnetic resonator or cavity in which the atom alternately emits photon (s) into a single-mode electromagnetic cavity and reabsorbs them. The atom interacts with a single-mode field confined to a limited volume V in an o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_Rabi_oscillation |
A vacuum airship , also known as a vacuum balloon , is a hypothetical airship that is evacuated rather than filled with a lighter-than-air gas such as hydrogen or helium . First proposed by Italian Jesuit priest Francesco Lana de Terzi in 1670, [ 1 ] the vacuum balloon would be the ultimate expression of lifting power ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_airship |
Vacuum arc remelting ( VAR ) is a secondary melting process for production of metal ingots with elevated chemical and mechanical homogeneity for highly demanding applications. [ 1 ] The VAR process has revolutionized the specialty traditional metallurgical techniques industry, and has made possible tightly controlled m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_arc_remelting |
A vacuum ceramic filter is designed to separate liquids from solids for dewatering of ore concentrates purposes. The device consists of a rotator, slurry tank, ceramic filter plate, distributor, discharge scraper, cleaning device, frame, agitating device, pipe system, vacuum system, automatic acid dosing system, automa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_ceramic_filter |
A vacuum chamber is a rigid enclosure from which air and other gases are removed by a vacuum pump . This results in a low- pressure environment within the chamber, commonly referred to as a vacuum . A vacuum environment allows researchers to conduct physical experiments or to test mechanical devices which must operate ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_chamber |
A vacuum cleaner , also known simply as a vacuum , is a device that uses suction , and often agitation, in order to remove dirt and other debris from carpets, hard floors, and other surfaces.
The dirt is collected into a dust bag or a plastic bin. Vacuum cleaners, which are used in homes as well as in commercial setti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_cleaner |
A vacuum coffee maker brews coffee using two chambers where vapor pressure and gravity produce coffee . This type of coffee maker is also known as vac pot , siphon or syphon coffee maker, and was invented by Loeff of Berlin in the 1830s.
Since their invention, these devices have since been used in many parts of the wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_coffee_maker |
Vacuum cooling is a rapid cooling technique for any porous product that has free water and uses the principle of evaporative cooling . Vacuum cooling is generally used for cooling food products that have a high water content and large porosities, due to its efficacy in losing water from both within and outside the prod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_cooling |
Vacuum distillation or distillation under reduced pressure is a type of distillation performed under reduced pressure, which allows the purification of compounds not readily distilled at ambient pressures or simply to save time or energy. This technique separates compounds based on differences in their boiling points.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_distillation |
A vacuum engine refers to any kind of engine which derives its force from air pressure against one side of the piston, while also having a partial vacuum on the other side of it. This pressure differential can be the result of heat transfer, or mechanically produced by an external source.
Some early gas engines worked... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_engine |
Vacuum engineering is the field of engineering that deals with the practical use of vacuum in industrial and scientific applications. Vacuum may improve the productivity and performance of processes otherwise carried out at normal air pressure, or may make possible processes that could not be done in the presence of ai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_engineering |
Vacuum evaporation is the process of causing the pressure in a liquid-filled container to be reduced below the vapor pressure of the liquid, causing the liquid to evaporate at a lower temperature than normal. Although the process can be applied to any type of liquid at any vapor pressure, it is generally used to descri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_evaporation |
A vacuum flange is a flange at the end of a tube used to connect vacuum chambers , tubing and vacuum pumps to each other. Vacuum flanges are used for scientific and industrial applications to allow various pieces of equipment to interact via physical connections and for vacuum maintenance, monitoring, and manipulation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_flange |
A vacuum furnace is a type of furnace in which the product in the furnace is surrounded by a vacuum during processing. The absence of air or other gases prevents oxidation , heat loss from the product through convection , and removes a source of contamination. This enables the furnace to heat materials (typically metal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_furnace |
Vacuum fusion is an analytical chemistry technique, used for determining the oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes nitrogen content of metals. While ineffective when used on alkali or earth metals , vacuum fusion remains a viable means when applied to almost all other metals.
[ 1 ]
This article about analytical chemistry i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_fusion |
Pressure measurement is the measurement of an applied force by a fluid ( liquid or gas ) on a surface. Pressure is typically measured in units of force per unit of surface area . Many techniques have been developed for the measurement of pressure and vacuum . Instruments used to measure and display pressure mechanicall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_gauge |
Vacuum grease is a lubricant with low volatility and is used for applications in low pressure environments. Lubricants with higher volatility would evaporate, causing two problems:
As well as a lubricant, vacuum grease is also used as a sealant for joints in vacuum systems . This is usually limited to soft vacuums, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_grease |
Vacuum induction melting ( VIM ) utilizes electric currents to melt metal within a vacuum . The first prototype was developed in 1920. [ 1 ] Induction heating induces eddy currents within conductors. Eddy currents create heating effects to melt the metal. [ 2 ] Vacuum induction melting has been used in both the aerospa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_induction_melting |
A vacuum insulated evaporator (VIE) is a form of pressure vessel that allows the bulk storage of cryogenic liquids including oxygen , nitrogen and argon for industrial processes and medical applications. [ 1 ]
The purpose of the vacuum insulation is to prevent heat transfer between the inner shell, which holds the liq... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_insulated_evaporator |
In physics, the vacuum level refers to the energy of a free stationary electron that is outside of any material (it is in a perfect vacuum ).
It may be taken as infinitely far away from a solid, or, defined to be near a surface. [ 1 ] Its definition and measurement are often discussed in ultraviolet photoelectron spect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_level |
Materials for use in vacuum are materials that show very low rates of outgassing in vacuum and, where applicable, are tolerant to bake-out temperatures. The requirements grow increasingly stringent with the desired degree of vacuum to be achieved in the vacuum chamber .
The materials can produce gas by several mechanis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_lubricant |
Vacuum metallurgy is the field of materials technology that deals with making, shaping, or treating metals in a controlled atmosphere, at pressures significantly less than normal atmospheric pressure. [ 1 ] The purpose of vacuum metallurgy is to prevent contamination of metal by gases in the atmosphere. Alternatively, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_metallurgy |
A vacuum pump is a type of pump device that draws gas particles from a sealed volume in order to leave behind a partial vacuum . The first vacuum pump was invented in 1650 by Otto von Guericke , and was preceded by the suction pump, which dates to antiquity. [ 1 ]
The predecessor to the vacuum pump was the suction pum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump |
In general relativity , a vacuum solution is a Lorentzian manifold whose Einstein tensor vanishes identically. According to the Einstein field equation , this means that the stress–energy tensor also vanishes identically, so that no matter or non-gravitational fields are present. These are distinct from the electrovac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_solution_(general_relativity) |
Pressure swing adsorption ( PSA ) is a technique used to separate some gas species from a mixture of gases (typically air) under pressure according to the species' molecular characteristics and affinity for an adsorbent material. It operates at near-ambient temperature and significantly differs from the cryogenic disti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_swing_adsorption |
A vacuum truck , vacuum tanker , vactor truck , vactor , vac-con truck , vac-con is a tank truck that has a pump and a tank. The pump is designed to pneumatically suck liquids, sludges, slurries , or the like from a location (often underground) into the tank of the truck. The objective is to enable transport of the li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_truck |
Vadastuximab talirine is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) directed to CD33 (siglec-3) which is a transmembrane receptor expressed on cells of myeloid lineage. The experimental drug, being developed by Seattle Genetics , was in clinical trials for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Development o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadastuximab_talirine |
The vadose zone (from the Latin word for "shallow"), also termed the unsaturated zone , is the part of Earth between the land surface and the top of the phreatic zone , the position at which the groundwater (the water in the soil's pores) is at atmospheric pressure. Hence, the vadose zone extends from the top of the gr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadose_zone |
Vagal tone is activity of the vagus nerve (the 10th cranial nerve ) and a fundamental component of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system . This branch of the nervous system is not under conscious control and is largely responsible for the regulation of several body compartments at rest. Vagal activ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagal_tone |
The vaginal epithelium is the inner lining of the vagina consisting of multiple layers of ( squamous ) cells. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The basal membrane provides the support for the first layer of the epithelium-the basal layer. The intermediate layers lie upon the basal layer, and the superficial layer is the outermost lay... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_epithelium |
Vaginal flora , vaginal microbiota or vaginal microbiome are the microorganisms that colonize the vagina . They were discovered by the German gynecologist Albert Döderlein in 1892 [ 1 ] and are part of the overall human flora .
The amount and type of bacteria present have significant implications for an individual's ov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_flora |
The vaginal flora in pregnancy , or vaginal microbiota in pregnancy , is different from the vaginal flora (the population of microorganisms that resides in the vagina) before sexual maturity , during reproductive years, and after menopause . A description of the vaginal flora of pregnant women who are immunocompromised... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_flora_in_pregnancy |
Vaginal rugae are structures of the vagina that are transverse ridges formed out of the supporting tissues and vaginal epithelium in females. [ 1 ] Some conditions can cause the disappearance of vaginal rugae and are usually associated with childbirth and prolapse of pelvic structures. The rugae contribute to the resil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_rugae |
The vaginal support structures are those muscles , bones , ligaments , tendons , membranes and fascia, of the pelvic floor that maintain the position of the vagina within the pelvic cavity and allow the normal functioning of the vagina and other reproductive structures in the female. Defects or injuries to these suppor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_support_structures |
Vaginal transplantation is procedure whereby donated or laboratory-grown vagina tissue is used to create a 'neovagina'. It is most often used in women who have vaginal aplasia (the congenital absence of a vagina).
Vaginal aplasia is a rare medical condition in which the vagina does not form properly before birth. Tho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_transplantation |
The term Vaginitis emphysematosa is related to Women's Reproductive Health and coined by Zweifel in 1877. The cases of Vaginitis emphysematosa are rare. The most important thing is that women never consult with the doctors for particularly Vaginitis emphysematosa but when they visit a doctor for some other reproductiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginitis_emphysematosa |
Vagrancy is a phenomenon in biology whereby an individual animal (usually a bird ) appears well outside its normal range ; [ 1 ] they are known as vagrants . The term accidental is sometimes also used. There are a number of poorly understood factors which might cause an animal to become a vagrant, including internal ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagrancy_(biology) |
A vagrant lichen is a lichen that is either not attached to a substrate, or can become unattached then blow around, yet continue to grow and flourish. [ 1 ] Some authors reserve the expression " vagrant lichen " for those lichens that never attach, that is, those that are obligately vagrant, referring to vagrant forms ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagrant_lichen |
In classical mechanics , a vague torus is a region in phase space that is characterized by approximate constants of motion , as opposed to an actual torus defined by exact constants of motion.
The concept of vague tori is used to describe regular ( quasiperiodic ) segments of otherwise chaotic trajectories. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vague_torus |
Vagusstoff (literally translated from German as "Vagus Substance") refers to the substance released by stimulation of the vagus nerve which causes a reduction in the heart rate . Discovered in 1921 by physiologist Otto Loewi , vagusstoff was the first confirmation of chemical synaptic transmission and the first neurot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagusstoff |
In general relativity , the Vaidya metric describes the non-empty external spacetime of a spherically symmetric and nonrotating star which is either emitting or absorbing null dusts . It is named after the Indian physicist Prahalad Chunnilal Vaidya and constitutes the simplest non-static generalization of the non-radia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaidya_metric |
The Valdemar Poulsen Gold Medal , named after radio pioneer Valdemar Poulsen , was awarded each year for outstanding research in the field of radio techniques and related fields by the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences [ da ] . The award was presented on November 23, the anniversary of Poulsen's birth. The award w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdemar_Poulsen_Gold_Medal |
Valence bond (VB) computer programs for modern valence bond calculations :- [1]
Note that several other programs, as well as some of those above, can do Goddard's Generalized Valence Bond (GVB) methods. GAMESS (US) does this either without the VB2000 interface or with it.
This computational chemistry -related article... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_bond_programs |
In chemistry , valence bond (VB) theory is one of the two basic theories, along with molecular orbital (MO) theory , that were developed to use the methods of quantum mechanics to explain chemical bonding . It focuses on how the atomic orbitals of the dissociated atoms combine to give individual chemical bonds when a m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_bond_theory |
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