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Biotheology is the synthetic application of understanding of biology to the understanding of God, synthesizing modern biology and traditional religious doctrines . [ 1 ]
Scripturally, Biotheology is motivated by, amongst other things, Saint Paul 's exposition of the Church as the Body of Christ , likening its form and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotheology |
Biothesiometry is a noninvasive medical test used to quantify the perception of vibration by measuring its threshold . [ 1 ] It is used in neurology and electrophysiology to diagnose a number of conditions, like diabetic neuropathy and erectile dysfunction , where the vibration perception threshold (VPT) would be highe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biothesiometry |
Although the term has occasionally been used in other ways, in medical literature biotrauma is usually defined as a severe inflammatory response produced in the lungs of patients who breathe by means of a mechanical ventilator for a long period of time. [ 1 ] The term was coined in a 1998 paper by L. N. Tremblay and A.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotrauma |
Biotronik (BIOTRONIK SE & Co. KG ; [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Biotronik Worldwide) is a limited partnership [ 1 ] multi-national cardiovascular biomedical research and technology company, headquartered in Berlin , Germany.
The company offers equipment for diagnosis, treatment, and therapy support in the areas of cardiac rhythm manag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotronik |
Biphenotypic acute leukaemia ( BAL ) is an uncommon type of leukemia which arises in multipotent progenitor cells which have the ability to differentiate into both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a subtype of "leukemia of ambiguous lineage". [ 4 ]
The direct reasons leading to BAL are still not ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biphenotypic_acute_leukaemia |
Bipolar I disorder (BD-I; pronounced "type one bipolar disorder") is a type of bipolar spectrum disorder characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode , with or without mixed or psychotic features. [ 1 ] Most people also, at other times, have one or more depressive episodes. [ 2 ] Typically, these manic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_I_disorder |
Bipolar disorder in children , or pediatric bipolar disorder ( PBD ), is a rare mental disorder in children and adolescents . The diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children has been heavily debated for many reasons including the potential harmful effects of adult bipolar medication use for children. PBD is similar to bi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder_in_children |
Birte Melsen (born 9 June 1939) is an orthodontist from Denmark. She was the past President of European Orthodontic Society in 2004 and has made significant contributions in the field of orthodontics with her research, publishing about 350 papers in scientific journals on topics related to Anchorage (orthodontics) and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birte_Melsen |
Bispectral index ( BIS ) is one of several technologies used to monitor depth of anesthesia . BIS monitors are used to supplement Guedel's classification system for determining depth of anesthesia. Titrating anesthetic agents to a specific bispectral index during general anesthesia in adults (and children over 1 year o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bispectral_index |
The Bisset Hawkins Medal is a triennial award made by the Royal College of Physicians of London to acknowledge work done in the preceding ten years in advancing sanitary science or promoting public health. It is named after Francis Bisset Hawkins (1796–1884), a distinguished London physician and is presented after the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisset_Hawkins_Medal |
" Biting the bullet " is a metaphor which is used to describe a situation, often a debate , where one accepts an inevitable impending hardship or hard-to-refute point, and then endures the resulting pain with fortitude.
It has been suggested that it is derived historically from the practice of having a patient clench ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bite_the_bullet |
The Björk–Shiley valve is a mechanical artificial heart valve . The valve was co-invented by American engineer Donald Shiley and Swedish heart surgeon Viking Björk .
Beginning in 1971, it has been used to replace aortic valves and mitral valves . It was the first successful tilting-disc valve. It was manufactured firs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Björk–Shiley_valve |
The Black Report was a 1980 document published by the Department of Health and Social Security (now the Department of Health and Social Care ) in the United Kingdom , which was the report of the expert committee into health inequality chaired by Sir Douglas Black . It was demonstrated that although, in general, health ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Report |
Black salve , also known by the brand name Cansema , is an ineffective and unsafe alternative cancer treatment . The product is commonly classified as an escharotic—a topical paste which destroys skin tissue and leaves behind a scar called an eschar . [ 1 ] Escharotics were widely used to treat skin lesions in the earl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_salve |
Bladder augmentation is a surgical alteration of the urinary bladder . It involves removing strips of tissue from the intestinal tract and adding this to the tissue of the bladder. This has two intended results: increased bladder volume; and a reduced percentage of the bladder involved in contraction, that in turn r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_augmentation |
Blastic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia is a phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia in which more than 30% of the cells in the blood or bone marrow are blast cells (immature blood cells ). When tiredness , fever , and an enlarged spleen occur during the blastic phase, it is called blast crisis .
This article incorpo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastic_phase_chronic_myelogenous_leukemia |
In medicine , a bleb is a blister -like protrusion (often hemispherical) or vesicle filled with serous fluid . Blebs can form in a number of tissues by different pathologies, including frostbite and can "appear and disappear within a short time interval".
In pathology, pulmonary blebs are small subpleural thin-walled ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleb_(medicine) |
Blebbishield emergency program is a process which acts as a last line of defense for cancer stem cells after induction of apoptosis where the apoptotic blebs fuse to shield the cells/nucleus from the destructive force of apoptosis by forming blebbishields. Blebbishields in turn fuse to each other and generate cancer st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blebbishield_emergency_program |
Blendax GmbH , founded in 1932 in Mainz , was a German manufacturer of personal hygiene products and toothpaste between 1936 and 2002. With an annual production of 43 million tubes of toothpaste, it was at one time Europe's largest toothpaste producer.
The company's best known brand, introduced in 1951, [ 1 ] was call... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blendax |
Abdominal bloating (or simply bloating ) is a short-term disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Bloating is generally characterized by an excess buildup of gas, air or fluids in the stomach . A person may have feelings of tightness, pressure or fullness in the stomach; it may or may not be accomp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloating |
The Blob Tree is a visual tool designed to allow individuals to express themselves and their emotions in a non-verbal way through the use of human figures known as Blobs who are genderless, ageless, and culture-less. [ 1 ]
The original Blob Tree was created in the early 1980s [ 2 ] by Pip Wilson and Ian Long as a way ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blob_Tree |
Blocq's disease was first considered by Paul Blocq (1860–1896), [ 1 ] who described this phenomenon as the loss of memory of specialized movements causing the inability to maintain an upright posture, despite normal function of the legs in the bed. The patient is able to stand up, but as soon as the feet are on the gro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blocq's_disease |
The Blood Pressure Association (or BPA) is a British charitable organisation , established in October 2000, that seeks to provide information and support to people with high blood pressure (also known as hypertension ) and to educate the general public about the importance of blood pressure to health.
It is based at S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_Pressure_Association |
Blood sugar regulation is the process by which the levels of blood sugar , the common name for glucose dissolved in blood plasma , are maintained by the body within a narrow range.
This tight regulation is referred to as glucose homeostasis . Insulin , which lowers blood sugar, and glucagon , which raises it, are the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_sugar_regulation |
Bloodless surgery is a non-invasive surgical method developed by orthopedic surgeon Adolf Lorenz , who was known as "the bloodless surgeon of Vienna ". [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] His medical practice was a consequence of his severe allergy to carbolic acid routinely used in operating rooms of the era. His condition forced... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodless_surgery |
Bloodstopping refers to an American folk practice once common in the Ozarks and the Appalachians , Canadian lumbercamps and the northern woods of the United States. It was believed (and still is) that certain persons, known as bloodstoppers , could halt bleeding in humans and animals by supernatural means. The most com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodstopping |
The blood–brain barrier ( BBB ) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that regulates the transfer of solutes and chemicals between the circulatory system and the central nervous system , thus protecting the brain from harmful or unwanted substances in the blood . [ 1 ] The blood–brain barrier ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood–brain_barrier |
Blood–gas partition coefficient , also known as Ostwald coefficient for blood–gas , [ 1 ] is a term used in pharmacology to describe the solubility of inhaled general anesthetics in blood. [ 2 ] According to Henry's law , the ratio of the concentration in blood to the concentration in gas that is in contact with that b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood–gas_partition_coefficient |
Bloomage , also known as Bloomage Biotech , is a biomaterial company based in China. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Bloomage primarily specializes in hyaluronic acid and other bioactive substances products. It is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange . [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ]
In 2000, Bloomage was established and began to mass... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomage |
Blue stain fungi (also known as sap stain fungi ) is a vague term including various fungi that cause dark staining in sapwood. [ 1 ] The staining is most often blue, but could also be grey or black. Because the grouping is based solely on symptomatics, it is not a monophyletic grouping.
Depending on the author, the gr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_stain_fungi |
Blumer's shelf , or the rectal shelf , is a finding palpable (felt) in rectal or vaginal examination that indicates that a tumor has metastasized to the pouch of Douglas .
It is usually a site of metastasis of cancers of the lung , pancreas and stomach , [ 1 ] due to metastatic tumor cells gravitating from an abdomina... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blumer's_shelf |
Blunt dissection describes the careful separation of tissues along tissue planes by either fingers or convenient blunt instruments during many diverse surgical procedures . Blunt dissection consumes a large proportion of time in most surgeries and has not changed significantly in centuries. Blunt dissection is contra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blunt_dissection |
A body broker (also non-transplant tissue banks ) is a firm or an individual that buys and sells cadavers or human body parts.
Whereas the market for organ transplantation is heavily regulated in the United States, the use of cadaver parts for research, training, and other uses is not. Trade in these body parts is per... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_broker |
Body donation , anatomical donation, or body bequest is the donation of a whole body after death for research and education. There is usually no cost to donate a body to science; donation programs will often provide a stipend and/or cover the cost of cremation or burial once a donated cadaver has served its purpose and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_donation |
Body fluids , bodily fluids , or biofluids , sometimes body liquids , are liquids within the body of an organism. [ 1 ] In lean healthy adult men, the total body water is about 60% (60–67%) of the total body weight ; it is usually slightly lower in women (52–55%). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The exact percentage of fluid relative to b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluid |
Body integrity dysphoria ( BID ), also referred to as body integrity identity disorder ( BIID ), amputee identity disorder or xenomelia , and formerly called apotemnophilia , is a rare mental disorder characterized by a desire to have a sensory or physical disability or feeling discomfort with being able-bodied , begin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_integrity_dysphoria |
The ongoing Bogalusa Heart Study is one of the first longitudinal studies to track individual's health outcomes from childhood to adulthood. [ 1 ] The study began in 1973, with the objective of investigating the early natural history of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of children and young adults from a biracial, se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogalusa_Heart_Study |
Bogart–Bacall syndrome ( BBS ) is a voice disorder that is caused by abuse or overuse of the vocal cords. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
People who speak or sing outside their normal vocal range can develop BBS; symptoms are chiefly an unusually deep or rough voice, or dysphonia , and vocal fatigue. [ 3 ] The people most commonly affect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogart–Bacall_syndrome |
A Bogota bag is a sterile plastic bag used for closure of abdominal wounds. [ 2 ] It is generally a sterilized 3-liter (0.66 imp gal; 0.79 U.S. gal) genitourinary irrigation bag that is sewn to the skin or fascia of the anterior abdominal wall. Its use was first described by Oswaldo Borraez while he was a resident in B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogota_bag |
Bolton Analysis is a tooth analysis developed by Wayne A. Bolton to determine the discrepancy between size of maxillary and mandibular teeth. This analysis helps to determine the optimum interarch relationship. This analysis measures the Mesio-distal width of each tooth and is divided into two analyses. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolton_analysis |
In radiation therapy , bolus is a material which has properties equivalent to tissue when irradiated. It is widely used in practice to reduce or alter dosing for targeted radiation therapy.
It must be possible to mould the bolus to fill the tissue space. Lincolnshire and Spier's bolus, which is loosely packed in polye... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolus_(radiation_therapy) |
A bone-seeking radioisotope is a radioactive substance that is given through a vein , and collects in bone cells and in tumor cells that have spread to the bone . It kills cancer cells by giving off low-level radiation .
This article incorporates public domain material from Dictionary of Cancer Terms . U.S. National C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone-seeking_radioisotope |
Bone Marrow Transplantation is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering transplantation of bone marrow in humans. It is published monthly by Nature Research . The scope of the journal includes stem cell biology , transplantation immunology , translational research , and clinical results of specific transplant protocols... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_Marrow_Transplantation_(journal) |
A bone biopsy is a procedure in which a small bone sample is removed from the outer layers of bone for examination, unlike a bone marrow biopsy , which involves the innermost part of the bone. The bone biopsy sample retains the architecture of bone when seen using histopathological examination slide.
The technique of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_biopsy |
Bone cements have been used very successfully to anchor artificial joints ( hip joints , knee joints , shoulder and elbow joints ) for more than half a century. Artificial joints (referred to as prostheses) are anchored with bone cement. The bone cement fills the free space between the prosthesis and the bone and plays... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_cement |
Bone decalcification is the softening of bones due to the removal of calcium ions, and can be performed as a histological technique to study bones and extract DNA. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This process also occurs naturally during bone development and growth, and when uninhibited, can cause diseases such as osteomalacia . [ 3 ]
Si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_decalcification |
In periodontal disease , not only does the bone that supports the teeth, known as alveolar bone , reduce in height in relation to the teeth , but the morphology of the remaining alveolar bone is altered. [ 1 ] The bone destruction patterns that occur as a result of periodontal disease generally take on characteristic f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_destruction_patterns_in_periodontal_disease |
Bone health refers to the overall condition and strength of the human skeletal system , which is crucial for maintaining mobility, preventing fractures, and supporting overall well-being throughout life. It is influenced by various factors, including genetics, nutrition, physical activity, and hormonal balance. [ 1 ] O... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_health |
Bone malrotation refers to the situation that results when a bone heals out of rotational alignment from another bone, or part of bone. It often occurs as the result of a surgical complication after a fracture where intramedullary nailing (IMN) occurs, [ 1 ] especially in the femur and tibial bones, but can also occur ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_malrotation |
Bone marrow examination refers to the pathologic analysis of samples of bone marrow obtained by bone marrow biopsy (often called trephine biopsy) and bone marrow aspiration . Bone marrow examination is used in the diagnosis of a number of conditions, including leukemia , multiple myeloma , lymphoma , anemia , and pancy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrow_examination |
Bone marrow suppression also known as myelotoxicity or myelosuppression , is the decrease in production of cells responsible for providing immunity ( leukocytes ), carrying oxygen ( erythrocytes ), and/or those responsible for normal blood clotting ( thrombocytes ). [ 1 ] Bone marrow suppression is a serious side effec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrow_suppression |
1ES7 , 1REU , 1REW , 2GOO , 2H62 , 2H64 , 2QJ9 , 2QJA , 2QJB , 3BK3 , 3BMP , 4MID , 4N1D , 4UHY , 4UHZ , 4UI0 , 4UI1 , 4UI2
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Bone morphogenetic protein 2 or BMP-2 belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins . [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_2 |
A bone sarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumour , a type of sarcoma that starts in the bones . [ 1 ] This is in contrast to most bone cancers that are secondary having developed as a metastasis from another cancer. Bone sarcomas are rare, and mostly affect the legs . The other type of sarcoma is a soft-tissue sarcom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_sarcoma |
Bone segment navigation is a surgical method used to find the anatomical position of displaced bone fragments in fractures , or to position surgically created fragments in craniofacial surgery . Such fragments are later fixed in position by osteosynthesis . It has been developed for use in craniofacial and oral and ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_segment_navigation |
Bone wax is a waxy substance used to help mechanically control bleeding from bone surfaces during surgical procedures.
It is generally made of beeswax [ 1 ] with a softening agent such as paraffin or petroleum jelly and is smeared across the bleeding edge of the bone, blocking the holes and causing immediate bone hemo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_wax |
Bonnet–Dechaume–Blanc syndrome , also known as Wyburn-Mason syndrome , is a rare congenital disorder characterized by arteriovenous malformations of the brain , retina or facial nevi . [ 1 ] The syndrome has a number of possible symptoms and can, more rarely, affect the skin , bones , kidneys , muscles , and gastrointe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnet–Dechaume–Blanc_syndrome |
Bonney's round ligament forceps , sometimes known as Berkely-Bonny's round ligament forceps , is a surgical instrument used in gynaecological surgery named after Victor Bonney . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
This article related to medical equipment is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonney's_round_ligament_forceps |
The Bonney myomectomy clamp is a surgical clamp developed in the interwar years by gynaecologist Victor Bonney to provide a blood free environment when performing a myomectomy to remove uterine fibroids . It allowed the conservation of the uterus and the resulting preservation of fertility in women of reproductive age ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonney_myomectomy_clamp |
The Bonwill Triangle is a triangle formed by the contact point of the mandibular central incisors and the right and left mandibular condyles . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The distance between those points is equal in most humans and amounts on average to about 10 cm. [ 2 ] The triangle is therefore an equilateral triangle in those ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonwill_Triangle |
The Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI - originally named the Global Rust Initiative) was founded in response to recommendations of a committee of international experts who met to consider a response to the threat the global food supply posed by the Ug99 strain of wheat rust . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The BGRI was renamed the Bor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borlaug_Global_Rust_Initiative |
Borna disease , also known as sad horse disease , [ 1 ] is an infectious neurological syndrome [ 2 ] of warm-blooded animals, caused by Borna disease viruses 1 and 2 (BoDV-1/2). BoDV-1/2 are neurotropic viruses of the species Orthobornavirus bornaense , and members of the Bornaviridae family within the Mononegavirales ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borna_disease |
The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination is a neuropsychological battery used to evaluate adults suspected of having aphasia , and is currently in its third edition. [ 1 ] It was created by Harold Goodglass and Edith Kaplan . The exam evaluates language skills based on perceptual modalities (auditory, visual, and gest... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Diagnostic_Aphasia_Examination |
Bouffée délirante (BD) is an acute and transient psychotic disorder . [ 1 ] It is a uniquely French psychiatric diagnostic term with a long history in France [ 2 ] and various French speaking nations in the Caribbean (e.g., Haiti, Guadeloupe, Antilles) and Francophone Africa. [ 3 ] The term BD was originally coined and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouffée_délirante |
Bovine Meat and Milk Factors ( BMMFs ) are circular, single-stranded DNA molecules (cssDNAs) originally found in beef and cow's milk which have been linked to the development of cancer—particularly colorectal and breast cancer . [ 1 ] They are formerly known as Slow Progressive Hidden INfections of variable X ( SPHINX ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_Meat_and_Milk_Factors |
The Bowen technique (or Bowen therapy) is an alternative type of physical manipulation named after Australian Thomas Ambrose Bowen (Tom Bowen) (1916–1982).
There is no clear evidence that the technique is a useful medical intervention. [ 1 ]
Bowen had no formal medical training [ 2 ] and described his approach as a "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowen_technique |
The Bower Manuscript is a collection of seven fragmentary Sanskrit treatises found buried in a Buddhist memorial stupa near Kucha , northwestern China . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Written in early Gupta script [ 4 ] (late Brahmi ) on birch bark , it is variously dated in 5th to early 6th century. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The Bower manuscrip... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bower_Manuscript |
The Bowl of Hygeia , ⟨🕏⟩ , is one of the symbols of pharmacology , and along with the Rod of Asclepius , it is one of the most ancient and important symbols related to medicine in western countries. Hygeia was the Greek goddess of health, hygiene , cleanliness, and sanitation , and the daughter of Asclepius , whom she... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowl_of_Hygeia |
Brachial amyotrophic diplegia , also called Vulpian-Bernhardt Syndrome (VBS), flail arm syndrome, or man-in-barrel syndrome, is a rare motor neuron disease , often considered to be a phenotype or regional variant of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . [ 1 ] In the first twelve to eighteen months, only a progressive weakne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachial_amyotrophic_diplegia |
Brachial plexus block is a regional anesthesia technique that is sometimes employed as an alternative or as an adjunct to general anesthesia for surgery of the upper extremity . This technique involves the injection of local anesthetic agents in close proximity to the brachial plexus , temporarily blocking the sensatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachial_plexus_block |
Bracht–Wachter bodies are a finding in infective endocarditis [ 1 ] consisting of yellow-white miliary spots in the myocardium .
Histologically , these are collections of chronic inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes [ 2 ] and histiocytes .
They were described by two Germans, Erich Franz Eugen Bracht , a pathologist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracht–Wachter_bodies |
Brachyturricephaly is a form of complex craniosynostosis (a combination of brachycephaly and turricephaly ) in which the head has both an abnormally high vertical height and a shortened length from anterior to posterior. Malformations of the occipital region are also often present. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Brachyturricephaly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyturricephaly |
Bradyphrenia is the slowness of thought common to many disorders of the brain. [ 1 ] Disorders characterized by bradyphrenia include Parkinson's disease and forms of schizophrenia consequently causing a delayed response and fatigue . [ 2 ] Patients with bradyphrenia may describe or may manifest slowed thought processes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradyphrenia |
Brain Research UK , formerly known as the Brain Research Trust , is a United Kingdom medical research charity dedicated to the research of neurological diseases and conditions.
Registered charity no. 1137560
This article about a charitable organisation in the United Kingdom is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_Research_UK |
Brain injury ( BI ) is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells . Brain injuries occur due to a wide range of internal and external factors. In general, brain damage refers to significant, undiscriminating trauma-induced damage.
A common category with the greatest number of injuries is traumatic brain injury (TB... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_damage |
Brain death is the permanent, irreversible, and complete loss of brain function , which may include cessation of involuntary activity (e.g., breathing ) necessary to sustain life. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It differs from persistent vegetative state , in which the person is alive and some autonomic functions remain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_death |
Brain healing is the process that occurs after the brain has been damaged. If an individual survives brain damage, the brain has a remarkable ability to adapt. When cells in the brain are damaged and die, for instance by stroke , there will be no repair or scar formation for those cells. The brain tissue will undergo l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_healing |
Research indicates that living in areas of high pollution has serious long term health effects. Living in these areas during childhood and adolescence can lead to diminished mental capacity and an increased risk of brain damage . People of all ages who live in high pollution areas for extended periods place themselves ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_health_and_pollution |
Brain implants , often referred to as neural implants , are technological devices that connect directly to a biological subject's brain – usually placed on the surface of the brain, or attached to the brain 's cortex . A common purpose of modern brain implants and the focus of much current research is establishing a bi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_implant |
Brain injury ( BI ) is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells . Brain injuries occur due to a wide range of internal and external factors. In general, brain damage refers to significant, undiscriminating trauma-induced damage.
A common category with the greatest number of injuries is traumatic brain injury (TB... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_injury |
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Brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ), also known as B-type natriuretic peptide , is a hormone secreted by cardiomyocytes in the heart ventricles in response to stre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_natriuretic_peptide_32 |
The anatomical study of Vladimir Lenin 's brain by the German neurologist and psychiatrist Oskar Vogt in 1924 was a significant event in the history of neuroscience . The study aimed to understand the neural basis of Lenin's political and intellectual abilities. The research was conducted at the request of the Soviet g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_of_Vladimir_Lenin |
A brain stem tumor is a tumor in the part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord (the brain stem ).
The symptoms of brain stem tumors vary greatly and can include ataxia , cranial nerve palsy, headaches , problems with speech and swallowing, hearing loss, weakness, hemiparesis , vision abnormalities, ptosis , a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_stem_tumor |
A brain transplant or whole-body transplant is a procedure in which the brain of one organism is transplanted into the body of another organism. It is a procedure distinct from head transplantation , which involves transferring the entire head to a new body, as opposed to the brain only. Theoretically, a person with co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_transplant |
In human neuroanatomy , brainstem auditory evoked potentials ( BAEPs ), also called brainstem auditory evoked responses ( BAERs ), are very small auditory evoked potentials in response to an auditory stimulus, which are recorded by electrodes placed on the scalp. They reflect neuronal activity in the auditory nerve , c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstem_auditory_evoked_potential |
Brainstem death is a clinical syndrome defined by the absence of reflexes with pathways through the brainstem – the "stalk" of the brain, which connects the spinal cord to the mid-brain , cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres – in a deeply comatose , ventilator -dependent patient.
Identification of this state carries a v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstem_death |
A brain–computer interface ( BCI ), sometimes called a brain–machine interface ( BMI ), is a direct communication link between the brain 's electrical activity and an external device, most commonly a computer or robotic limb. BCIs are often directed at researching, mapping , assisting, augmenting , or repairing human c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain–computer_interface |
Branchial hearts are accessory pumps that supplement the action of the systemic heart in a cephalopod 's body. They are myogenic in nature. [ 1 ] Branchial hearts are always in pairs located at the base of the gills . Each branchial heart consists of a single chamber. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They pump blood through the gills via t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branchial_heart |
The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences is a scientific award, funded by internet entrepreneurs Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan of Facebook; Sergey Brin of Google; entrepreneur and venture capitalist Yuri Milner ; and Anne Wojcicki , one of the founders of the genetics company 23andMe . [ 1 ]
The award of $3 millio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_Prize_in_Life_Sciences |
Breast Cancer Research is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research into breast cancer . The journal was established in 1999 and is published by BioMed Central . The editor-in-chief is Lewis Chodosh ( University of Pennsylvania ).
The journal is abstracted and indexed in: [ 1 ]
According to the Jour... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_Cancer_Research |
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment is a scientific journal focused on the treatment of and investigations in breast cancer . It is targeted towards a wide audience of clinical researchers , epidemiologists , immunologists , or cell biologists interested in breast cancer.
The types of articles in this journal include... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_Cancer_Research_and_Treatment |
Breast atrophy is the normal or spontaneous atrophy or shrinkage of the breasts . [ 1 ]
Breast atrophy commonly occurs in women during menopause when estrogen levels decrease. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It can also be caused by hypoestrogenism and/or hyperandrogenism in women in general, [ 1 ] such as in antiestrogen treatment... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_atrophy |
A breast biopsy is a medical procedure used to remove a small sample of breast tissue to examine it more closely under a microscope. It is usually done after a suspicious lesion is discovered on either mammography or ultrasound to get tissue for pathological diagnosis. [ 1 ] Several methods for a breast biopsy now exis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_biopsy |
Breast development , also known as mammogenesis , is a complex biological process in primates that takes place throughout a female 's life.
It occurs across several phases, including prenatal development , puberty , and pregnancy . At menopause , breast development ceases and the breasts atrophy . Breast development r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_development |
Breast duct endoscopy is a method used to examine the lining of the lactiferous ducts to look for abnormal tissue . A very thin, flexible , lighted tube attached to a camera is inserted through the nipple , and threaded into the breast ducts deep in the breast. Tissue and fluid samples may be removed during the procedu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_duct_endoscopy |
A breast implant is a prosthesis used to change the size, shape, and contour of a person's breast . In reconstructive plastic surgery , breast implants can be placed to restore a natural looking breast following a mastectomy , to correct congenital defects and deformities of the chest wall or, cosmetically, to enlarge ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_implant |
Breast implant illness ( BII ), also known as autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants ( ASIA ), along with other terms, is a purported condition that is said to affect certain women with breast implants . Its acceptance as a legitimate disease is controversial, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] but some evidence exists sup... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_implant_illness |
Breathwork is a term [ 1 ] [ 2 ] for various breathing practices in which the conscious control of breathing is said to influence a person's mental, emotional, or physical state, with a therapeutic effect. [ 3 ]
Edzard Ernst writes that breathwork (or 'rebirthing') is a form of alternative medicine first devised by Le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathwork_(New_Age) |
Brenda Banwell is Chief of the Division of Neurology and Co-Director of the Neuroscience Center, and Professor of Neurology at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and holder of the Grace R. Loeb Endowed Chair in Neurosciences. She also holds the title of Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology at the Perelman School of M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenda_Banwell |
The Brighton trunk murders were two murders linked to Brighton , England, in 1934. In each, the body of a murdered woman was placed in a trunk . The murders are not believed to have any connection with each other aside from how they were carried out, and the first of the two victims remains unidentified; a suspect was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_trunk_murders |
Between 1977 and 2006, the Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation presented annual award s of US$50,000 to scientists for distinguished achievements in fields such as cancer , infectious disease , neuroscience , nutrition , and cardiovascular disease . [ 1 ] The recipients of these awards were selected by pre-eminent members ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol-Myers_Squibb_Awards |
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