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Ernst Siemerling (September 9, 1857 – January 6, 1931) was a German neurologist and psychiatrist born in Müssow near Greifswald . In 1882 he obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Marburg . In 1883-84 he was an assistant at the psychiatric clinic at Halle , and afterwards an assistant to Karl Westphal (...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Siemerling
Eryptosis ( Erythrocyte apoptosis or Red blood cell programmed death ) is a type of apoptosis that occurs in injured erythrocytes (RBCs) because of various factors including hyperosmolarity , oxidative stress , energy depletion, heavy metals exposure or xenobiotics . Like apoptosis, eryptosis is characterized by cell s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eryptosis
Erythema gyratum repens is a skin condition that has a strong association with internal cancers . [ 1 ] It characteristically presents with red wavy lines , generally in older adults. [ 1 ] These regular whirly rings rapidly and repetitively appear within existing ones, giving the impression that the rash is moving. [ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema_gyratum_repens
Erythrodontia is the red discoloration of teeth . [ 1 ] It can be seen in congenital erythropoietic porphyria . This dentistry article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythrodontia
Erythroid dysplasia is a condition in which immature red blood cells ( erythroid cells ) in the bone marrow are abnormal [ 1 ] in size and/or number. Erythroid dysplasia may be caused by vitamin deficiency or chemotherapy , or it may be a sign of refractory anemia , which is a myelodysplastic syndrome . Also called ery...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythroid_dysplasia
Erythropoietin in neuroprotection is the use of the glycoprotein erythropoietin (Epo) for neuroprotection . Epo controls erythropoiesis , or red blood cell production. Erythropoietin and its receptor were thought to be present in the central nervous system according to experiments with antibodies that were subsequentl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythropoietin_in_neuroprotection
Esafoxolaner/eprinomectin/praziquantel , sold under the brand name Nexgard Combo , is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment and control of flea infestations, ticks, ear mites, and infections caused by tapeworms and Toxocara cati in cats. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is also used for the prevention of heartworm d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esafoxolaner/eprinomectin/praziquantel
An esophageal stent is a stent (tube) placed in the esophagus to keep a blocked area open so the patient can swallow soft food and liquids. They are effective in the treatment of conditions causing intrinsic esophageal obstruction or external esophageal compression. For the palliative treatment of esophageal cancer m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_stent
Esther Bernabela is a doctor and politician from Bonaire . She is an independent member of the Island Council of Bonaire . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In the 2017 election, Bernabela joined a coalition of elected members of the Bonaire Patriotic Union (UPB) and the Bonaire Democratic Party . [ 3 ] This replaced the previous 2016 coali...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Bernabela
Esther Mae Wilkins (December 9, 1916 – December 12, 2016) was an American dental hygienist , dentist and author of the first comprehensive book on dental hygiene , Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist (first edition published in 1959). [ 1 ] The dental instrument known as the Wilkins/Tufts Explorer was named after...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Wilkins
Estrogen deprivation therapy , also known as endocrine therapy , is a form of hormone therapy that is used in the treatment of breast cancer . Modalities include antiestrogens or estrogen blockers such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen , selective estrogen receptor degraders such as fu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_deprivation_therapy
Estrogen dominance (ED) is a theory about a metabolic state where the level of estrogen outweighs the level of progesterone in the body. This is said to be caused by a decrease in progesterone without a subsequent decrease in estrogen. The theory was proposed first by Dr Raymond Peat. [ 1 ] John R. Lee learned about p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_dominance
The Estrogen in Venous Thromboembolism Trial ( EVTET ) was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of menopausal hormone therapy in 140 postmenopausal women with previous history of venous thromboembolism (VTE). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was a double-blind RCT of the estrogen , oral estradiol 2 mg/day, plus the progestogen , norethis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_in_Venous_Thromboembolism_Trial
The estrogen receptor test (ERT) is a laboratory test to determine whether cancer cells have estrogen receptors . This information can guide treatment of the cancer. [ 1 ] The test uses immunohistochemical techniques on the estrogen receptor (ER). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods involve selective identification of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_test
Estrogenic fat likely refers to adipose tissue that develops under the direct influence of estrogens , particularly estradiol . The term, albeit not very common, specifically pertains to subcutaneous adipose tissue (also known as subcutaneous fat) Estrogenic fat mainly refers to the feminine secondary sex characterist...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenic_fat
Etelcalcetide , sold under the brand name Parsabiv , is a calcimimetic medication for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in people undergoing hemodialysis . It is administered intravenously at the end of each dialysis session. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Etelcalcetide functions by binding to and activating the calcium-sens...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etelcalcetide
Ethel Florence Annie Godfrey (1871 Melbourne, Australia – 17 September 1956) was one of the first female dentists in Victoria, Australia . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Godfrey is a graduate of Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne , [ 3 ] where she is remembered as a notable graduate. [ 4 ] She was one of four female students at Mr....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Godfrey
Ethel May Vaughan-Sawyer (6 July 1868 – 9 March 1949) was a British gynaecological surgeon. [ 1 ] She was described by pioneering physician and feminist Louisa Garrett Anderson as "100 times better at her work than I am". [ 1 ] A champion of women's rights to work and take part in political life, Vaughan-Sawyer describ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Vaughan-Sawyer
Ethical guidelines for treating trauma survivors can provide professionals direction to enhance their efforts. Trauma survivors have unique needs and vary in their resilience , post-traumatic growth , and negative and positive outcomes from their experiences. Numerous ethical guidelines can inform a trauma-informed car...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethical_guidelines_for_treating_trauma_survivors
Ethilon is a synthetic nonabsorbable nylon suture manufactured by Ethicon in Cornelia, Georgia. Black in color, it is a monofilament suture that is used frequently for soft-tissue approximation and ligation. Even though it is nonabsorbable, the knot security decreases over time (in vivo) and should not be used where p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethilon
Ethmoidectomy is the medical name for a procedure that involves removing the partitions between the ethmoid sinuses in order to create larger sinus cavities . This procedure treats sinus infections and sinus obstructions that have been the cause of chronic sinus problems. The procedure may also involve the removal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethmoidectomy
Etiology ( / ˌ iː t i ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i / ; alternatively spelled aetiology or ætiology ) is the study of causation or origination. The word is derived from the Greek word αἰτιολογία ( aitiología ) , meaning "giving a reason for" (from αἰτία ( aitía ) ' cause ' and -λογία ( -logía ) ' study of ' ). [ 1 ] More completely, et...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiology
Etonogestrel is a medication which is used as a means of birth control for women. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] It is available as an implant placed under the skin of the upper arm under the brand names Nexplanon and Implanon. It is a progestin that is also used in combination with ethinylestradiol , an estrogen , as a vag...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etonogestrel_birth_control_implant
Eubacterium nodatum is a Gram positive member of the oral flora of some patients with chronic periodontitis . [ 1 ] It has been recently added to the red complex bacteria, that are most associated with disease. This Clostridiales -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . This dentistry art...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eubacterium_nodatum
The European Academy of Neurology (EAN) is a non-profit organisation that unites and supports neurologists across Europe . Currently, 47 European national neurological societies as well as 4000 individuals are registered members of EAN. Thus, EAN represents more than 45,000 European neurologists. The EAN was founded d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Academy_of_Neurology
The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery ( EACTS ) is a membership organisation devoted to the practice of cardiothoracic surgery . The mission statement of the association is to advance education in the field of cardiac, thoracic and vascular interventions; and promote research into cardiovascular and thor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Association_for_Cardio-Thoracic_Surgery
The European Association of Oral Medicine (EAOM) is a dental organization established in 1998 with mainly European representatives, but some non-European. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was founded by Miguel Lucas Tomás (Spain), Crispian Scully (United Kingdom), Isaac van der Waal (Netherlands), Sir David Mason, Tony Axéll (Scandinavi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Association_of_Oral_Medicine
The European Brain Council ( EBC ) is a coordinating international health organization founded in 2002. It comprises major organisations in the field of brain research and brain disorders in Europe, and thus its structure involves a network of patients, scientists and doctors, working in partnership with the pharmaceut...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Brain_Council
The European Cancer Prevention Organization ( ECP ) is a scientific organization representing physicians of all oncology sub-specialties with focus on cancer prevention . ECP was founded in 1981 with the support of several European scientists. The elected president of ECP is Professor Giovanni Corso . The Cancer Plan w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Cancer_Prevention_Organization
The European Federation of Neurological Societies was an organisation that united and supported neurologists across the whole of Europe. As of 2013, 45 European national neurological societies were registered members of the EFNS, and the federation represented more than 19,000 European neurologists. It was founded in 1...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Federation_of_Neurological_Societies
The European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) is a global non-profit organisation with a European core, which promotes periodontal science and practice, as well as awareness of gum health and gum disease to oral-health professionals, other medical professionals, policymakers, and the public. The EFP’s vision is “Peri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Federation_of_Periodontology
The European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees ( EFPT ) is a non-profit organization for European national psychiatric trainees. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a federation of the national trainees associations (NTA) of psychiatric trainees of about 38 European nations. The EFPT is a non-profit organization registered under Belgi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Federation_of_Psychiatric_Trainees
The European Journal of Cancer (abbreviated as EJC or Eur. J. Cancer ) is a peer-reviewed medical journal devoted to cancer research on experimental oncology , clinical oncology (medical, paediatric, radiation, surgical), and on cancer epidemiology and prevention. It is the official journal of the European Organisation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Journal_of_Cancer
The European Journal of Cancer Care is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on cancer care. The editor-in-chief is David Weller ( University of Edinburgh ). The journal was established in 1992 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell . The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the Journ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Journal_of_Cancer_Care
The European Journal of Cancer Prevention (print: ISSN 0959-8278 , online: ISSN 1473-5709 ) is the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organization . It was established in 1991 and is published bimonthly by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins . The journal focuses on raising awareness of the various forms of c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Journal_of_Cancer_Prevention
The European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery , abbreviated Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , is an academic journal, principally covering topics pertaining to cardiac surgery and thoracic surgery . The journal has an editorial board of 28, with 13 associate editors, 8 assistant editors, a managing editor, an editorial mana...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Journal_of_Cardio-Thoracic_Surgery
The European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence ( ENIGI ) is a collaborative multicenter prospective cohort study on gender incongruence which started in 2010 and is being conducted by several transgender clinics in Europe . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The clinics that have been involved in the initiative include the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Network_for_the_Investigation_of_Gender_Incongruence
The European Ophthalmic Pathology Society is a learned society for advancing ophthalmic pathology , the study of the pathological basis of the diseases of the eye and its adnexa: the orbit , eyelids , conjunctiva and the lacrimal apparatus . [ 1 ] Founded in April 1962 at the premises of the Royal College of Surgeons ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Ophthalmic_Pathology_Society
The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study is a Europe -wide prospective cohort study of the relationships between diet and cancer , as well as other chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease . With over half a million participants, it is the largest study of diet and disease t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Prospective_Investigation_into_Cancer_and_Nutrition
The European Society of CardioVascular Surgery (ESCVS) is a medical society founded in 1951 in Turin, Italy. Its first president was René Leriche , first Congress held in Strasbourg in 1952 and its initial members were made up of 40 physicians representing 11 countries in Europe. It is a chapter of the International So...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Society_of_CardioVascular_Surgery
The European Society of Cardiology ( ESC ) is an independent non-profit , non-governmental professional association that works to advance the prevention, diagnosis and management of diseases of the heart and blood vessels, and improve scientific understanding of the heart and vascular system. [ 2 ] This is done by: Mo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Society_of_Cardiology
The European Society of Endocrinology ( ESE ) is a scientific society to promote for the public benefit research , education and clinical practice in endocrinology by the organisation of conferences , training courses and publications , by raising public awareness, liaison with national and international legislators . ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Society_of_Endocrinology
Eva Wangechi Mubia Njenga is a Kenyan consultant physician and endocrinologist , who serves as the Chairperson of the Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Board , the professional body that regulates medical doctors and dentists practicing in the country. She was appointed to that position on 10 April 2019, being t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Njenga
Evaluation and management coding (commonly known as E/M coding or E&M coding ) is a medical coding process in support of medical billing . Practicing health care providers in the United States must use E/M coding to be reimbursed by Medicare , Medicaid programs, or private insurance for patient encounters. [ 1 ] E/M s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaluation_and_Management_Coding
Everett Shapiro (December 5, 1917 – January 1, 2002) was an American orthodontist who was a past president of the American Board of Orthodontics and the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics . [ 1 ] He was born in Dorchester, Massachusetts on December 5, 1917. [ 2 ] He attended the University of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everett_Shapiro
EveryDoctor is a British grassroots advocacy group made up of doctors. [ 1 ] The group was established in 2019, and grew during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom . [ 2 ] In May 2021, EveryDoctor and the Good Law Project brought legal action against the British government in relation to COVID-19 PPE contracts ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EveryDoctor
Evidence-based dentistry ( EBD ) is the dental part of the more general movement toward evidence-based medicine and other evidence-based practices. The pervasive access to information on the internet includes different aspects of dentistry for both the dentists and patients. This has created a need to ensure that evide...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_dentistry
Evocative/suppression testing refers to a class of tests performed where one substance is measured both before and after the administration of another substance to determine if the levels are stimulated ("evocative") or suppressed. [ 1 ] They are most commonly performed in the evaluation of possible endocrine disorder...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evocative/suppression_testing
The evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles was an evolutionary process that resulted in the formation of the mammalian middle ear , where the three middle ear bones or ossicles , namely the incus , malleus and stapes (a.k.a. "the anvil, hammer, and stirrup"), are a defining characteristic of mammals. The event is wel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles
Cochlea / ˈ k oʊ k l i ə / is Latin for “snail, shell or screw” and originates from the Greek word κοχλίας kokhlias . The modern definition, the auditory portion of the inner ear , originated in the late 17th century. Within the mammalian cochlea exists the organ of Corti , which contains hair cells that are responsibl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_the_cochlea
The evolution of the human oral microbiome is the study of microorganisms in the oral cavity and how they have adapted over time. There are recent advancements in ancient dental research that have given insight to the evolution of the human oral microbiome. [ 1 ] Using these techniques it is now known what metabolite c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_the_human_oral_microbiome
Evolutionary psychiatry , also known as Darwinian Psychiatry , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is a theoretical approach to psychiatry that aims to explain psychiatric disorders in evolutionary terms. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] As a branch of the field of evolutionary medicine , it is distinct from the medical practice of psychiatry in its emphasis on p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_psychiatry
Ewald Hecker (20 October 1843, Halle – 11 January 1909, Wiesbaden ) was a German psychiatrist who was an important figure in the early days of modern psychiatry . [ 1 ] He is known for research done with his mentor, psychiatrist Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum (1828-1899). In the early 1870s Kahlbaum and Hecker did a series of s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewald_Hecker
Ex vivo reconstruction , short for ex vivo renal artery reconstruction and autotransplantation, is a technique mainly used for complex disease involving multiple segmental branches in patients with fibromuscular dysplasia . In ex vivo reconstruction, temporary nephrectomy and ex vivo repair with microvascular technique...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex_vivo_reconstruction
In medicine , an exacerbation is the worsening of a disease or an increase in its symptoms . [ 1 ] Examples includes an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute exacerbation of congestive heart failure . [ citation needed ] This medical symptom article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exacerbation
In medicine , excavation has two meanings: Examples of naturally hollow spaces that are considered excavations include: The tool used to create an excavation (e.g., to remove damaged areas before filling dental caries ) is an excavator. [ 1 ] Excavation is also the technique used to remove granulation tissue when nec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excavation_(medicine)
Excimer laser trabeculostomy (ELT) is a procedure to create holes in the trabecular meshwork to reduce intraocular pressure . It uses a XeCl 308 nm excimer laser . [ 1 ] It is considered a minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries , and was first described in 1987 by Michael Berlin. [ 2 ] Alternative treatments for glauco...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excimer_laser_trabeculostomy
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis ( EIA , EIAn, EIAs) is a rare condition in which anaphylaxis , a serious or life-threatening allergic response, is brought on by physical activity. [ 1 ] Approximately 5–15% of all reported cases of anaphylaxis are thought to be exercise-induced. [ 2 ] The exact proportion of the populatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise-induced_anaphylaxis
Exercise capacity is defined as "the maximum amount of physical exertion that a patient can sustain". [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This medical article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise_capacity
Exeresis may refer to the surgical removal of any part or organ, roughly synonymous to excision . [ 1 ] However, it may specifically refer to clearing the uterus of its contents after a miscarriage , such as vacuum aspiration . [ citation needed ] This surgery article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exeresis
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all clinical aspects of cancer therapy . It was established in 2001 and is published by Taylor & Francis under the academic publishing division of Informa . The current Editor-in-Chief is Gertjan J L Kaspers who is Head of Pediatric...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expert_Review_of_Anticancer_Therapy
Exploding head syndrome ( EHS ) is an abnormal sensory perception during sleep in which a person experiences auditory hallucinations that are loud and of short duration when falling asleep or waking up . [ 2 ] [ 4 ] The noise may be frightening, typically occurs only occasionally, and is not a serious health concern. [...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploding_head_syndrome
Exploratory surgery is surgery whose purpose is to look inside the body to help diagnose an ailment. Because surgery is an invasive and often risky intervention, it is typically only used when other methods such as external observation and testing body fluids have failed. Modern imaging techniques, starting with the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploratory_surgery
External counterpulsation therapy ( ECP ) is a procedure that may be performed on individuals with angina , heart failure , or cardiomyopathy . The FDA approved the CardiAssist ECP system for the treatment of angina, acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock under a 510(k) submission in 1980 [ 1 ] [ failed ve...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_counterpulsation
In cardiac surgery and vascular surgery , external support (or external stent ) is a type of scaffold made of metal or plastic material that is inserted over the outside of the vein graft in order to decrease the intermediate and late vein graft failure after bypass surgery (e.g. CABG ). An external support (external ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_support
Extinction is a neurological disorder that impairs the ability to simultaneously perceive multiple stimuli of the same type. Extinction is usually caused by damage resulting in lesions on one side of the brain . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In addition to revealing the critical lesion sites associated with the various cl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_(neurology)
An extracorporeal procedure is a medical procedure which is performed outside the body. Extracorporeal devices are the artificial organs that remain outside the body while treating a patient. Extracorporeal devices are useful in hemodialysis and cardiac surgery . [ 1 ] A procedure in which blood is taken from a patien...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracorporeal_procedure
Extracutaneous mastocytoma presents with benign appearing mast cells occurring in sites other than the skin or bone marrow. [ 1 ] : 617 This oncology article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracutaneous_mastocytoma
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare low-grade malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of the soft tissues, that differs from other sarcomas by unique histology and characteristic chromosomal translocations. There is an uncertain differentiation (there is no evidence yet showing that EMC exhibits the feature of c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraskeletal_myxoid_chondrosarcoma
Extravasation is the leakage of a fluid out of its contained space into the surrounding area, especially blood or blood cells from vessels . In the case of inflammation , it refers to the movement of white blood cells through the capillary wall , into the surrounding tissues. This is known as leukocyte extravasation , ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extravasation
Extravasation is the leakage of intravenously (IV) infused, and potentially damaging, medications into the extravascular tissue around the site of infusion. The leakage can occur through brittle veins in the elderly, through previous venipuncture access, or through direct leakage from wrongly positioned venous access d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extravasation_(intravenous)
Eye injuries during general anaesthesia are reasonably common if care is not taken to prevent them. The incidence of eye injuries during general anaesthesia has been studied, and different methods of eye protection have been compared. [ citation needed ] When eyes are untaped during general anaesthesia , the incidenc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_injuries_during_general_anaesthesia
Eye shaving (Chinese 刀锋洗眼; lit: 'blade wash eyes') is a rare traditional practice primarily observed in Chengdu , China . It involves the use of a metal blade to scrape the eyeball and eyelids , aimed at refreshing the eyes and promoting visual clarity. Eye shaving typically begins with the practitioner holding the ey...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_shaving
Eye surgery , also known as ophthalmic surgery or ocular surgery , is surgery performed on the eye or its adnexa . [ 1 ] Eye surgery is part of ophthalmology and is performed by an ophthalmologist or eye surgeon. The eye is a fragile organ, and requires due care before, during, and after a surgical procedure to minimiz...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_surgery
Eye transplantation is the transplantation of the globe of the human eye from a donor to a recipient. Research efforts in whole eye transplantation (WET) are focused on its application in living human recipients, still some obstacles need to be addressed. Apart from the surgical and neurological considerations, there ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_transplantation
Hand–eye coordination (also known as eye–hand coordination ) is the coordinated motor control of eye movement with hand movement and the processing of visual input to guide reaching and grasping along with the use of proprioception of the hands to guide the eyes, a modality of multisensory integration . Eye–hand coordi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye–hand_coordination
The FACE risk profile is a commercial mental health assessment tool that is part of a collection of tools produced by Imosphere. FACE stands for " Functional Analysis of Care Environments ". Imosphere produces several toolkits to assess risk and needs in health and social care , mental health , people with learning d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FACE_risk_profile
The FDI World Dental Federation ( French : Fédération dentaire internationale ) is an international organization representing the dental profession to oral health by developing health policies, education programs, and advocating for dentistry internationally. [ 1 ] FDI was established in Paris in 1900. In 2005 Michel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDI_World_Dental_Federation
FDI World Dental Federation notation (also "FDI notation" or "ISO 3950 notation") is the world's most commonly used dental notation (tooth numbering system). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is designated by the International Organization for Standardization as standard ISO 3950 "Dentistry — Designation system for teeth and areas of the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDI_World_Dental_Federation_notation
Fellowship in Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (FDSRCS) [ 1 ] is a Dental postgraduate professional qualification . It is bestowed by the Faculty of Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Surgeons of England . The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinbu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDSRCS_England
The FOUR Score is a clinical grading scale designed for use by medical professionals in the assessment of patients with impaired level of consciousness . It was developed by Dr. Eelco F.M. Wijdicks and colleagues in Neurocritical care at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota . "FOUR" in this context is an acronym for...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOUR_score
FRAX (fracture risk assessment tool) is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate the 10-year probability of bone fracture risk. It was developed by the University of Sheffield . [ 1 ] FRAX integrates clinical risk factors and bone mineral density at the femoral neck to calculate the 10-year probability of hip fracture and th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRAX
Fabrice André is a French medical oncologist specializing in breast cancer . He is the Director of Research at Gustave Roussy in Villejuif , France , and a Professor of Medicine at the University of Paris-Saclay . André also serves as the President of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) for the 2025-2026 t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrice_André
A face-bow is a dental instrument used in the field of prosthodontics . Its purpose is to transfer functional and aesthetic components from patient's mouth to the dental articulator . Specifically, it transfers the relationship of maxillary arch and temporomandibular joint to the casts. It records the upper model's (ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face-bow
FaceBase is an NIH -supported initiative that began in September 2009. Funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research , the FaceBase Consortium is a five-year initiative that systematically compiles the biological instructions to construct the middle region of the human face and precisely define ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FaceBase
A face transplant is a medical procedure to replace all or part of a person's face using tissue from a donor. Part of a field called "Vascularized Composite Tissue Allotransplantation" (VCA) it involves the transplantation of facial skin , the nasal structure, the nose , the lips , the muscles of facial movement used f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_transplant
A facemask (also referred to as a protraction facemask , orthopedic facemask , or reverse-pull headgear ) is a type of an orthodontic headgear used to treat underbite and other malocclusions where the upper jaw is too far backwards. [ 1 ] A metal bar sits in front of the patients face with support from the forehead and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facemask_(orthodontics)
Facet joint injections are used to alleviate symptoms of Facet syndrome . [ 1 ] The procedure is an outpatient surgery, so that the patient can go home on the same day. It usually takes 10–20 minutes, but may take up to 30 minutes if the patient needs an IV for relaxation. [ 2 ] Facet joint injections came into use fro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facet_joint_injection
Facetectomy is a surgical procedure which involves decompression of a spinal nerve root . For example, it can be performed in severely resistant cases of cervical rhizalgia , where the cervical nerve roots within the intervertebral foramina are decompressed. [ 1 ] This surgery article is a stub . You can help Wikipedi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facetectomy
Facial feminization surgery ( FFS ) is a set of reconstructive [ 1 ] surgical procedures that alter typically male facial features to bring them closer in shape and size to typical female facial features. FFS can include various bony and soft tissue procedures such as brow lift , rhinoplasty , cheek implantation , and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_feminization_surgery
Facial implants are used to enhance certain features of the face. The surgery may be elective , or needed as the result of prior surgery on the face. Each involves placing synthetic materials deep under the subcutaneous tissue and onto the underlying bone . A maxillofacial or plastic surgeon uses them to aesthetically ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_implant
Facial masculinization surgery ( FMS ) is a set of plastic surgery procedures that can transform the patient's face to exhibit typical masculine morphology . Cisgender men may elect to undergo these procedures, and in the context of transgender people, FMS is a type of facial gender confirmation surgery (FGCS), which a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_masculinization_surgery
The facial nerve , also known as the seventh cranial nerve , cranial nerve VII , or simply CN VII , is a cranial nerve that emerges from the pons of the brainstem , controls the muscles of facial expression , and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_nerve
Facial nerve decompression is a type of nerve decompression surgery where abnormal compression on the facial nerve is relieved. Pressure and compression of any cause on a peripheral nerve can cause nerve impulse block. That is, the nerve is no longer able to send electrochemical impulses, and hence does not send signa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_nerve_decompression
Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy , often abbreviated FOSMN , is a rare disorder of the nervous system in which sensory and motor nerves of the face and limbs progressively degenerate over a period of months to years. This degenerative process, the cause of which is unknown, eventually results in sensory and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_onset_sensory_and_motor_neuronopathy
Reconstructive surgery is surgery performed to restore normal appearance and function to body parts malformed by a disease or medical condition. Reconstructive surgery is a term with training, clinical, and reimbursement implications. It has historically been referred to as synonymous with plastic surgery . [ 1 ] In r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_plastic_and_reconstructive_surgery
The Fairweather Lodge Program is a psychosocial rehabilitation model in which residents live together and run or participate in a business that provides them with employment. As of 2006, there were over 90 Fairweather Lodges in 16 US states. The Fairweather Lodge Program was developed by psychologist George Fairweathe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairweather_Lodge
Fairy riding ( Scottish Gaelic : marcachd shìth / a' mharcachd-shìth / na marcachd-shìth ) was a term used for a kind of paralysis found in livestock in Scotland . It occurred in the spine of sheep , cows and horses , and was attributed to fairies riding on them. It was also attributed in some places where perspiratio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairy_riding
Faith healing is the practice of prayer and gestures (such as laying on of hands ) that are believed by some to elicit divine intervention in spiritual and physical healing, especially the Christian practice. [ 1 ] Believers assert that the healing of disease and disability can be brought about by religious faith throu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_healing
The familial amyloid neuropathies (or familial amyloidotic neuropathies , neuropathic heredofamilial amyloidosis , familial amyloid polyneuropathy ) are a rare group of autosomal dominant diseases wherein the autonomic nervous system and/or other nerves are compromised by protein aggregation and/or amyloid fibril forma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_amyloid_neuropathy