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Familial amyloid polyneuropathy , also called hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR), [ 1 ] [ 2 ] or Corino de Andrade's disease , [ 3 ] is an autosomal dominant [ 4 ] neurodegenerative disease. It is a form of amyloidosis , and was first identified and described by Portuguese neurologist Mário Corino da Costa An...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_amyloid_polyneuropathy
Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB) is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that is characterized by a loss of intellectual functioning ( dementia ) and seizures. [ 1 ] At first, affected individuals may have difficulty sustaining attention and concentrating. Their judgment, insigh...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_encephalopathy_with_neuroserpin_inclusion_bodies
Familial hyperaldosteronism is a group of inherited conditions in which the adrenal glands , which are small glands located on top of each kidney , produce too much of the hormone aldosterone . [ 1 ] Excess aldosterone causes the kidneys to retain more salt than normal, which in turn increases the body's fluid levels a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_hyperaldosteronism
Familial isolated vitamin E deficiency or Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Symptoms are similar to those of Friedreich ataxia . Familial isolated vitamin E deficiency is caused by mutations in the gene for a- tocopherol transfer p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_isolated_vitamin_E_deficiency
Family Constellations , also known as Systemic Constellations and Systemic Family Constellations , is a pseudoscientific [ 1 ] therapeutic method which draws on elements of family systems therapy , existential phenomenology and Zulu beliefs and attitudes to family. [ 2 ] Family Constellations diverges significantly fr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_Constellations
In medicine , a family history ( FH or FHx ) consists of information about disorders of direct blood relatives of the patient. [ 1 ] Genealogy typically includes very little of the medical history of the family , but the medical history could be considered a specific subset of the total history of a family. [ citation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_history_(medicine)
The Farmacovigilancia Española, Datos de Reacciones Adversas ( FEDRA ), also known as the Spanish Pharmacovigilance Datatabase or Spanish Pharmacovigilance System , is a pharmacovigilance database in Spain which was developed in 1982. [ 1 ] This medical article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . Thi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmacovigilancia_Española,_Datos_de_Reacciones_Adversas
Farr's law is a law formulated by Dr. William Farr when he made the observation that epidemic events rise and fall in a roughly symmetrical pattern. [ 1 ] The time-evolution behavior could be captured by a single mathematical formula that could be approximated by a bell-shaped curve . [ 2 ] In 1840, Farr submitted a l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farr's_laws
Fasciotomy or fasciectomy is a surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure in order to treat the resulting loss of circulation to an area of tissue or muscle . [ 1 ] Fasciotomy is a limb-saving procedure when used to treat acute compartment syndrome . It is also sometimes used to treat chr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciotomy
Fasting spittle – saliva produced first thing in the morning, before breakfast – was a treatment used in folk medicine in the ancient Mediterranean. Spittle was thought to cure many diseases. Spittle cures were usually considered to be more effective if fasting spittle was used. [ 1 ] An early reference to the alleged...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasting_spittle
Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead is a 2010 American documentary film which follows the 60-day journey of Australian Joe Cross across the United States as he follows a juice fast to regain his health under the care of Joel Fuhrman , Nutrition Research Foundation's Director of Research. [ 1 ] The feature-length film follows Cr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat,_Sick_and_Nearly_Dead
Fat transfer , also known as fat graft , lipomodelling , or fat injections , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is a surgical process in which a person's own fat is transferred from one area of the body to another area. The major aim of this procedure is to improve or augment the area that has irregularities and grooves. [ 3 ] Carried out un...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat_transfer
Various individuals have advanced the surgical art and, as a result, have been called the Father of Surgery by various sources. Sushruta ( IAST : Suśruta), the purported author of the Sanskrit -language Sushruta Samhita (Sushruta's Compendium), has been called the father of surgery [ 1 ] Dating the Sushruta Samhita ha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_of_surgery
Fatima Marouan , also Fatema Marouane , (born 1952) is a Moroccan physician, business executive and politician. From 2002 to 2005, she headed the Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases unit of the Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca . [ 1 ] More recently, under the government of Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatima_Marouan
Fatty-replaced breast tissue is a term used in mammography that refers to the replacement of breast tissue with fatty tissue . This commonly occurs as a person ages . This article incorporates public domain material from Dictionary of Cancer Terms . U.S. National Cancer Institute . This oncology article is a stub . Y...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty-replaced_breast_tissue
Fatty acid oxidation inhibitors are a new potent class of drugs used in treatment of stable angina pectoris and an addition in treatment of chronic heart failure .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_oxidation_inhibitors
The fear-avoidance model (or FA model ) is a psychiatric model that describes how individuals develop and maintain chronic musculoskeletal pain as a result of attentional processes and avoidant behavior based on pain-related fear . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Introduced by Lethem et al. in 1983, this model helped explain how the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear-avoidance_model
In histo pathology , feathery degeneration , formally feathery degeneration of hepatocytes , is a form of liver parenchymal cell (i.e. hepatocyte ) death associated with cholestasis . [ 1 ] Cells undergoing this form of cell death have a flocculant appearing cytoplasm, [ 2 ] and are larger than normal hepatocytes. Fe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feathery_degeneration
Febrile neutropenia is the development of fever , often with other signs of infection , in a patient with neutropenia , an abnormally low number of neutrophil granulocytes (a type of white blood cell ) in the blood. It is an oncologic emergency, and is the most common serious complication in patients with hematopoietic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Febrile_neutropenia
Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) is the most common type of transfusion reaction . It is a benign occurrence with symptoms that include fever but not directly related with hemolysis . [ 1 ] It is caused by cytokine release from leukocytes within the donor product as a consequence of white blood cell b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Febrile_non-hemolytic_transfusion_reaction
The Feighner Criteria are a set of influential psychiatric diagnostic criteria developed at Washington University in St. Louis between the late 1950s to the early 1970s. The criteria are named after a psychiatric paper published in 1972 of which John Feighner was the first listed author. [ 1 ] It became the most cited...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feighner_Criteria
The Feldenkrais Method (FM) is a type of movement therapy devised by Israeli Moshé Feldenkrais (1904–1984) during the mid-20th century. The method is claimed to reorganize connections between the brain and body and so improve body movement and psychological state. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] There is no conclusive evidence for any me...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldenkrais_method
Feline hyperthyroidism is an endocrine disorder in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone . Hyperthyroidism is the most common endocrinopathy of cats. The complete pathogenesis is not fully understood. In 1979 the first clinical report of a cat with hyperthyroidism was reported. [ 1 ] More studies a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_hyperthyroidism
Feline leishmaniosis (FeL) is a parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is transmitted through the bite of a female sand fly. [ 1 ] Although leishmaniosis primarily affects dogs; an increasing number of cases have been reported in cats. Consequently, feline leishmaniosis is now considered an em...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_leishmaniosis
Felix Plaut (1877–1940) was a German psychiatrist who was director of the Department of Serology at the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie in Munich . In 1935 he was removed from this position by the Nazis, and subsequently emigrated to London . [ 1 ] Plaut is remembered for his research on the syphilitic orig...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Plaut
The American College of Surgeons ( ACS ) is a professional medical association for surgeons and surgical team members, founded in 1913. [ 5 ] It claims more than 90,000 members in 144 countries. [ 6 ] The ACS was founded in 1913 as an outgrowth of the Clinical Congress of Surgeons of North America that had existed sin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_American_College_of_Surgeons
The Final FRCA is a postgraduate examination in anaesthesia , more fully called the Final Examination of the Diploma of Fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists . [ 1 ] Trainee anaesthetists in the United Kingdom are required to pass this examination during ST3-5 (6 months through ST5), otherwise training may ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellowship_of_the_Royal_College_of_Anaesthetists
Feminists have long struggled with Sigmund Freud 's classical model of gender and identity development, which centers on the Oedipus complex . Freud's model, which became integral to orthodox psychoanalysis , suggests that because women lack the visible genitals of the male, they feel they are "missing" the most centra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_views_on_the_Oedipus_complex
In biology and medicine , feminization is the development in an organism of physical characteristics that are usually unique to the females of the species . This may represent a normal developmental process, contributing to sexual differentiation . Feminization can also be induced by environmental factors, and this phe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminization_(biology)
Femoral nerve stretch test , also known as Mackiewicz sign, [ 1 ] is a test for spinal nerve root compression, which is associated with disc protrusion and femoral nerve injury . The femoral nerve stretch test can identify spinal nerve root compression, which is associated with disc protrusion and femoral nerve injury...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femoral_nerve_stretch_test
Popliteal bypass surgery , more commonly known as femoropopliteal bypass (FPB, fem-pop, etc.) or more generally as lower extremity bypass surgery , is a surgical procedure used to treat diseased leg arteries above or below the knee. [ 1 ] It is used as a medical intervention to salvage limbs that are at risk of amputat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femoropopliteal_bypass
The Fernström Prize ( Swedish : Fernströmpriset ) is a series of annual awards for prominent Swedish and Nordic scientists in medicine . The prize money is donated by the Eric K. Fernström' Foundation. The prizes are managed by the medical faculty at Lund University . [ 1 ] There are two versions of the prize, both aw...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernström_Prize
The Ferrier Lecture is a Royal Society lectureship given every three years "on a subject related to the advancement of natural knowledge on the structure and function of the nervous system". [ 1 ] It was created in 1928 to honour the memory of Sir David Ferrier , a neurologist who was the first British scientist to ele...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrier_Lecture
A ferruginous body is a histopathologic finding in interstitial lung disease suggestive of significant asbestos exposure ( asbestosis ). Asbestos exposure is associated with occupations such as shipbuilding, roofing, plumbing, and construction . They appear as small brown nodules in the septum of the alveolus . Ferru...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruginous_body
The Fertility Clinic Success Rate and Certification Act ( FCSRCA ) of 1992 are United States regulatory requirements that mandate all assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics report pregnancy success rates data to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in a standardized manner and for the CDC to pub...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_Clinic_Success_Rate_and_Certification_Act
The Fertiprotekt network is a cooperation of university centres, hospitals and practices. It was founded in Germany in 2006. [ 1 ] The network now extends to all German-speaking countries and currently units ca. 100 institutions in Germany, Austria and Switzerland . The aim of the network is to offer men and women the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertiprotekt
Fetal surgery , also known as antenatal surgery or prenatal surgery , [ 1 ] is a growing branch of maternal-fetal medicine that covers any of a broad range of surgical techniques that are used to treat congenital abnormalities in fetuses who are still in the pregnant uterus . There are three main types: [ 2 ] open feta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_surgery
A fiberotomy or pericision is an orthodontic surgical procedure designed to sever the gingival fibers around a tooth. It usually reduces the tendency to relapse of tooth rotations corrected by dental braces or other treatments. [ 1 ] The most frequently encountered post-orthodontic problem is the retention of re-establ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberotomy
Fibrin degradation products ( FDPs ), also known as fibrin split products, are components of the blood produced by clot degeneration. [ 1 ] Clotting, also called coagulation, at the wound site produces a mass of fibrin threads called a net that remains in place until the cut is healed. As a cut heals, the clotting slow...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrin_degradation_product
Fibrin glue (also called fibrin sealant ) is a surgical formulation used to create a fibrin clot for hemostasis , cartilage repair surgeries or wound healing . It contains separately packaged human fibrinogen and human thrombin . [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ] [ 24 ] This glue is used a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrin_glue
A fibrin ring granuloma , also known as doughnut granuloma , is a histopathological finding that is characteristic of Q fever . [ 1 ] On hematoxylin-eosin staining , the fibrin ring granuloma consists of a central lipid vacuole (usually washed-out during fixing and staining, leaving only an empty hole) surrounded by a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrin_ring_granuloma
A fibroepithelial neoplasm (or tumor ) is a biphasic tumor . They consist of epithelial tissue, and stromal or mesenchymal tissue. They may be benign or malignant . [ 1 ] Examples include: Sometimes fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs) of the vulva may be misdiagnosed as cancers. However not much harm is caused because th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroepithelial_neoplasm
Fibrosis , also known as fibrotic scarring , is the development of fibrous connective tissue in response to an injury. Fibrosis can be a normal connective tissue deposition or excessive tissue deposition caused by a disease. [ 2 ] Repeated injuries, chronic inflammation and repair are susceptible to fibrosis, where an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrosis
A fibrous tissue neoplasm is a tumor [ 1 ] derived primarily from Fibrous connective tissue . An example is fibroma . This oncology article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_tissue_neoplasm
Field hygiene and sanitation are two facets of military medicine that seek to ensure reduction of casualties through avoidance of non-combat related health issues among military personnel, particularly in the prevention of disease. As such, it encompasses prevention of communicable diseases ; promotes personal hygiene ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_Hygiene_and_Sanitation
The field of view ( FOV ) is the angular extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment. In the case of optical instruments or sensors, it is a solid angle through which a detector is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation . It is further relevant in photography . In the context of human and primate v...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_of_view
Field stain is a histological method for staining of blood smears . It is used for staining thick blood films in order to discover malarial parasites. Field's stain is a version of a Romanowsky stain , used for rapid processing of the specimens. [ 1 ] Field's stain consists of two parts - Field's stain A is methylene ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_stain
The filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin ( FHA ) is a large, filamentous protein that serves as a dominant attachment factor for adherence to host ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract , called respiratory epithelium . [ 1 ] It is associated with biofilm formation and possesses at least four binding domains ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filamentous_haemagglutinin_adhesin
Appendectomy recorded in Geneva in 1929 and entitled "The Operation" http://imageofsurgery.com/Surgery_history_art.htm Christian Schad No Yes To illustrate article on author Not possible Fair Use Rationale: Please remember that the non-free content criteria require that non-free images on Wikipedia must not "[b...
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Dr.Seyed Hossein Rejali If this is not legally possible: PD Public domain false false Any user may perform this transfer; refer to Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons for details. If this file has problems with attribution , copyright , or is otherwise ineligible for Commons, then remove this tag and DO NOT transfer ...
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Filip Swirski is a Polish-Canadian-American scientist and educator serving as the Arthur and Janet C. Ross Professor of Medicine, Cardiology and Professor of Radiology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and is the Director of the Cardiovascular Research Institute. He is also a member of the Biomedical Engin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_Swirski
A filled pause is a non-silent pause in an otherwise fluent speech, where instead of a silent pause there is a filler . The filler can be non-lexical or semiarticulate utterances such as huh , uh , erm , um , or hmm . Fillers may also include words such as well , so , I mean , and like , when used in ways that don't ch...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filled_pause
Fine-needle aspiration ( FNA ) is a diagnostic procedure used to investigate lumps or masses. In this technique, a thin (23–25 gauge (0.52 to 0.64 mm outer diameter)), hollow needle is inserted into the mass for sampling of cells that, after being stained , are examined under a microscope ( biopsy ). The sampling and b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-needle_aspiration
Joint replacement of the hand is a procedure that was invented by the Scottish scientist, Mitchell McGuire. The procedure was considered a major breakthrough in the medical field at the time. However, it is now considered an almost standard operation. The first successful surgery of this kind was conducted on 21 Decemb...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger_joint_replacement
The Fink effect , also known as "diffusion anoxia ", [ 1 ] "diffusion hypoxia ", [ 2 ] or the "second gas effect", [ 3 ] is a factor that influences the pO 2 (partial pressure of oxygen) within the pulmonary alveoli . When water- soluble gases such as anesthetic agent N 2 O ( nitrous oxide ) are breathed in large quant...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fink_effect
Finney strictureplasty is a procedure in gastroenterology . It is indicated for strictures up to 15 centimetres (5.9 in). The Finney strictureplasty is performed by folding the diseased bowel on itself and creating a large opening between the two loops. This strictureplasty can be used to address longer strictures—gr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finney_strictureplasty
The firm is a medical team, typically seen in apprenticeship style training in hospital settings. After 2005 in the UK, when trainees started rotating more regularly under the Modernising Medical Careers program, the system of firms in the UK declined. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] This medical article is a stub . You can h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firm_(medicine)
First rib resection is a surgical procedure used in humans to treat thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) and Paget–Schroetter disease . It involves the surgical removal of a segment of the first rib, which is the rib closest to the head, under the collar bone . First rib resection is indicated for venous , arterial , and ne...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_rib_resection
In anatomy , a fistula ( pl. : fistulas or fistulae /- l i , - l aɪ / ; from Latin fistula , "tube, pipe") is an abnormal connection (i.e. tube) joining two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces), such as blood vessels , intestines , or other hollow organs to each other, often resulting in an abnormal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fistula
Fistulectomy is a surgical procedure where a surgeon completely removes a fistula , an abnormal tract (i.e. tube) that connects two hollow spaces of the body. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In comparison to other procedural options of treating fistulae such as fistulotomies , where a fistula is cut open (i.e. unroofed) but not completely...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fistulectomy
A fistulotomy is the surgical opening of a fistulous tract. [ 1 ] They can be performed by excision of the tract and surrounding tissue, simple division of the tract, or gradual division and assisted drainage of the tract in a seton ; a cord passed through the tract in a loop that is slowly tightened over a period of d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fistulotomy
The five-year survival rate is a type of survival rate for estimating the prognosis of a particular disease, normally calculated from the point of diagnosis. [ 1 ] Lead time bias from earlier diagnosis can affect interpretation of the five-year survival rate. [ 2 ] There are absolute and relative survival rates, but t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-year_survival_rate
The Five Punishments ( Chinese : 五刑 ; pinyin : wǔ xíng ; Cantonese Yale : ńgh yìhng ) was the collective name for a series of physical penalties meted out by the legal system of pre-modern dynastic China . [ 1 ] Over time, the nature of the Five Punishments varied. Before the Western Han dynasty Emperor Han Wendi ( r. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Punishments
The fixation reflex is that concerned with attracting the eye on a peripheral object. For example, when a light shines in the periphery, the eyes shift gaze on it. It is controlled by the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex, corroborated by three main tests: Older research declares that a motor pathway from the occ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation_reflex
Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience , a book by Stanford anthropologist and bioethicist Katrina Karkazis , was published in 2008. Described as "thoughtful", "meticulous", and an "authoritative treatise on intersex", [ 1 ] the book examines the perspectives of intersex people, their families, a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixing_Sex
Flaccid dysarthria is a motor speech disorder resulting from damage to peripheral nervous system (cranial or spinal nerves) or lower motor neuron system. Depending on which nerves are damaged, flaccid dysarthria affects respiration, phonation, resonance, and articulation. It also causes weakness, hypotonia (low-muscle...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaccid_dysarthria
A flail limb (also flail arm or flail leg ) is a medical term which refers to an extremity in which the primary nerve has been severed or ceased to function, resulting in complete lack of mobility and sensation. Although blood typically continues to flow through the limb, it is completely useless and potential for sur...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flail_limb
Flap surgery is a technique in plastic and reconstructive surgery where tissue with an intact blood supply is lifted from a donor site and moved to a recipient site. Flaps are distinct from grafts , which do not have an intact blood supply and relies on the growth of new blood vessels. Flaps are done to fill a defect s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flap_(surgery)
Flat forehead is a dysmorphic feature in which the surface of the forehead is unusually flat. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Flat forehead is seen in the following conditions and syndromes: [ 1 ]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_forehead
A flatline is an electrical time sequence measurement that shows no activity and therefore, when represented, shows a flat line instead of a moving one. It almost always refers to either a flatlined electrocardiogram , where the heart shows no electrical activity [ 1 ] ( asystole ), or to a flat electroencephalogram , ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatline
A fleam , also flem , flew , flue , fleame , or phleam , was a handheld instrument used for bloodletting . This name for handheld venipuncture devices first appears in Anglo-Saxon manuscripts around 1000. [ 1 ] The name is most likely derived from phlebotome: phlebos , Greek for blood vessel and tome , meaning to cut....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleam
Flicker vertigo , sometimes called the Bucha effect , is "an imbalance in brain-cell activity caused by exposure to low-frequency flickering (or flashing) of a relatively bright light." [ 1 ] It is a disorientation -, vertigo -, and nausea -inducing effect of a strobe light flashing at 1 Hz to 20 Hz, approximately the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flicker_vertigo
Flora Murray CBE (8 May 1869 – 28 July 1923) [ 1 ] was a Scottish medical pioneer, and a member of the Women's Social and Political Union suffragettes . [ 2 ] From 1914 to the end of her life, she lived with her partner and fellow doctor Louisa Garrett Anderson . [ 3 ] Murray was born on 8 May 1869 at Murraythwaite, D...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_Murray
A flow diverter is an endovascular prosthesis used to treat intracranial aneurysms . [ 1 ] It is placed in the aneurysm's parent artery, covering the neck, in order to divert blood flow and determine a progressive thrombosis of the sac. [ 2 ] Flow diverting stents consist of structural Cobalt-chrome or Nitinol alloy wi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_diverter
Fluoride therapy is the use of fluoride for medical purposes. [ 2 ] Fluoride supplements are recommended to prevent tooth decay in children older than six months in areas where the drinking water is low in fluoride. [ 3 ] It is typically used as a liquid, pill, or paste by mouth. [ 4 ] Fluoride has also been used to tr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride_therapy
Fluoro-jade stain is a fluorochrome derived from fluorescein , and is commonly used in neuroscience disciplines to label degenerating neurons in ex vivo tissue of the central nervous system . The first fluoro-jade derivative was reported by Larry Schmued in 1997 as an alternative method from traditional methods for lab...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoro-jade_stain
Fluorosilicate glass ( FSG ) is a glass material composed primarily of fluorine , silicon and oxygen . It has a number of uses in industry and manufacturing, especially in semiconductor fabrication where it forms an insulating dielectric . The related fluorosilicate glass-ceramics have good mechanical and chemical prop...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorosilicate_glass
FlyNap is an anesthetic mixture produced by the Carolina Biological Supply Company . The product anesthetizes the Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) and other small insects for at least 30 minutes and is commonly used in educational institutes and laboratories for reducing the movement of the fruit flies such that the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FlyNap
Flynn–Aird syndrome is a rare, hereditary, neurological disease that is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. The syndrome involves defects in the nervous, auditory, skeletal, visual, and endocrine systems and encompasses numerous symptoms, bearing striking similarity to other known syndromes of neuroectodermal n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn–Aird_syndrome
Focal fatty liver (FFL) is localised or patchy process of lipid accumulation in the liver . [ 1 ] It is likely to have different pathogenesis than non-alcoholic steatohepatitis which is a diffuse process. FFL may result from altered venous flow to liver, tissue hypoxia and malabsorption of lipoproteins . The condition...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_fatty_liver
Focal infection theory is the historical concept that many chronic diseases, including systemic and common ones, are caused by focal infections. In present medical consensus, a focal infection is a localized infection, often asymptomatic, that causes disease elsewhere in the host, but focal infections are fairly infreq...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_infection_theory
Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheter is a device developed in 1961 by Dr. Thomas J. Fogarty to remove fresh emboli in the arterial system . [ 1 ] It consists of a hollow tube with an inflatable balloon attached to its tip. The catheter is inserted into the blood vessel through a clot. The balloon is then inflated to e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fogarty_embolectomy_catheter
Follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH ) is a gonadotropin , a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone . [ 1 ] FSH is synthesized and secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland [ 2 ] and regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation , and reproductive processes of the body. FSH and luteinizing hor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormone
A fomite ( / ˈ f oʊ m aɪ t / ) or fomes ( / ˈ f oʊ m iː z / ) is any inanimate object that, when contaminated with or exposed to infectious agents (such as pathogenic bacteria , viruses or fungi ), can transfer disease to a new host . [ 1 ] A fomite is any inanimate object (also called passive vector) that, when conta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomite
The Food Additives Amendment of 1958 is a 1958 amendment to the United States' Food, Drugs, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 . It was a response to concerns about the safety of new food additives. The amendment established an exemption from the "food additive" definition and requirements for substances " generally recognized a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_Additives_Amendment_of_1958
Food combining is a nutritional pseudoscientific approach that advocates specific combinations (or advises against certain combinations) of foods. These proposed specific combinations are promoted as central to good health as well as improved digestion and weight loss , despite having no sufficient evidence for these c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_combining
Foot and ankle surgery is a sub-specialty of orthopedics and podiatry that deals with the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of disorders of the foot and ankle. Orthopaedic surgeons are medically qualified, having been through four years of college, followed by 4 years of medical school or osteopathic medical school ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot_and_ankle_surgery
Foot drop is a gait abnormality in which the dropping of the forefoot happens out of weakness, irritation or damage to the deep fibular nerve (deep peroneal), including the sciatic nerve , or paralysis of the muscles in the anterior portion of the lower leg. It is usually a symptom of a greater problem, not a disease i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot_drop
In the fetal heart , the foramen ovale ( / f ə ˈ r eɪ m ən oʊ ˈ v æ l i , - m ɛ n -, - ˈ v ɑː -, - ˈ v eɪ -/ [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] ), also foramen Botalli or the ostium secundum of Born , allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. It is one of two fetal cardiac shunts , the other being the ductus arterios...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foramen_ovale_(heart)
Foraminotomy is a medical operation used to relieve pressure on nerves that are being compressed by the intervertebral foramina , the passages through the bones of the vertebrae of the spine that pass nerve bundles to the body from the spinal cord . A foraminotomy is performed to relieve the symptoms of nerve root com...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foraminotomy
Forced Normalization (FN) is a psychiatric phenomenon in which a long term episodic epilepsy or migraine disorder is treated, and, although the electroencephalogram (EEG) appears to have stabilized, acute behavioral, mood, and psychological disturbances begin to manifest. If, or when, treatment for the disorder is halt...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_normalization
Allegations of forced organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners and other political prisoners in China have raised concern within the international community . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] According to a report by former lawmaker David Kilgour , human rights lawyer David Matas , and journalist Ethan Gutmann of the US g...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_organ_harvesting_from_Falun_Gong_practitioners_in_China
Foreign accent syndrome is a rare medical condition in which patients develop speech patterns that are perceived as a foreign accent [ 1 ] that is different from their native accent, without having acquired it in the perceived accent's place of origin. Foreign accent syndrome usually results from a stroke , [ 1 ] but ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_accent_syndrome
Forensic dentistry or forensic odontology involves the handling, examination , and evaluation of dental evidence in a criminal justice context. Forensic dentistry is used in both criminal and civil law. [ 1 ] Forensic dentists assist investigative agencies in identifying human remains , particularly in cases when ident...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_dentistry
Forensic entomological decomposition is how insects decompose dead tissue and what that means for timing and information in criminal investigations. Medicolegal entomology is a branch of forensic entomology that applies the study of insects to criminal investigations, and is commonly used in death investigations for es...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_entomological_decomposition
Forensic pathology is pathology that focuses on determining the cause of death by examining a corpse. A post mortem examination is performed by a medical examiner or forensic pathologist, usually during the investigation of criminal law cases and civil law cases in some jurisdictions . Coroners and medical examiners ar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_pathology
In medicine, a forme fruste ( French , "crude, or unfinished, form"; pl. , formes frustes ) is an atypical or attenuated manifestation of a disease or syndrome, with the implications of incompleteness, partial presence or aborted state. The context is usually one of a well defined clinical or pathological entity, which...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forme_fruste
Formacresol is a mixture consisting of formalin , cresol and glycerine used in dentistry . [ 1 ] It is used for vital pulpotomy of primary teeth and as a temporary intracanal medicament during root canal therapy. Buckley's solution is a 20% form of formocresol, diluted with glycerine and distilled water . [ 2 ] The u...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formocresol
Formula Comitis Archiatrorum is the earliest known code of medical ethics . [ 1 ] It was written in the 5th century, [ 1 ] during the reign of the Ostrogothic king Theodoric , and is preserved in the works of Cassiodorus . It demands from physicians that they widen and deepen their knowledge and enacts the consultation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_Comitis_Archiatrorum
Forrest Yoga is a style of yoga as exercise . It was created by and named for Ana T. Forrest in 1982. [ 2 ] It is known for "its long holding of positions, emphasis on abdominal core work, and standing series that can go on for 20 poses on each side". [ 3 ] Reputed for its intensity, the style emphasizes connecting to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrest_Yoga