context stringlengths 158 2.13k | question stringlengths 13 202 | answers.text list | answers.answer_start list | feat_id list | feat_title list | feat_metadata.split list | feat_metadata.model_in_the_loop list | start_logits list | end_logits list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A B cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen. This antigen/antibody complex is taken up by the B cell and processed by proteolysis into peptides. The B cell then displays these antigenic peptides on its surface MHC class II molecules. This combination of MHC and antigen attracts a matching helper T cell, which releases lymphokines and activates the B cell. As the activated B cell then begins to divide, its offspring (plasma cells) secrete millions of copies of the antibody that recognizes this antigen. These antibodies circulate in blood plasma and lymph, bind to pathogens expressing the antigen and mark them for destruction by complement activation or for uptake and destruction by phagocytes. Antibodies can also neutralize challenges directly, by binding to bacterial toxins or by interfering with the receptors that viruses and bacteria use to infect cells. | What activates the matching helper T cells? | [
"combination of MHC and antigen"
] | [
291
] | [
"6ad87376f258fffb4c0bcfccaf171eeddd872491"
] | [
"Immune_system"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In October 1529, Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, convoked an assembly of German and Swiss theologians at the Marburg Colloquy, to establish doctrinal unity in the emerging Protestant states. Agreement was achieved on fourteen points out of fifteen, the exception being the nature of the Eucharist – the sacrament of the Lord's Supper—an issue crucial to Luther. | How did the assembly form? | [
"Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, convoked an assembly"
] | [
17
] | [
"38e23ac2f67a1a8ae878949c27fd21b9d24bb53f"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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The chloroplasts of plant and algal cells can orient themselves to best suit the available light. In low-light conditions, they will spread out in a sheet—maximizing the surface area to absorb light. Under intense light, they will seek shelter by aligning in vertical columns along the plant cell's cell wall or turning sideways so that light strikes them edge-on. This reduces exposure and protects them from photooxidative damage. This ability to distribute chloroplasts so that they can take shelter behind each other or spread out may be the reason why land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones. Chloroplast movement is considered one of the most closely regulated stimulus-response systems that can be found in plants. Mitochondria have also been observed to follow chloroplasts as they move. | What do chloroplasts do in low light conditions? | [
"maximizing the surface area to absorb light"
] | [
155
] | [
"9eea84ea51f7d7b5edbc3df79614247f83105008"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), the teacher is an office in the Aaronic priesthood, generally conferred on young boys or recent converts, and has little in common with the "spiritual teacher" archetype. The role of "spiritual teacher" may be filled by many individuals in the LDS Church, often a trusted friend, who may hold any office, from Elder to Bishop, or no office at all. The emphasis on spiritual mentorship in the LDS Church is similar to that in the more "low-church" traditions of Protestantism, with a stronger emphasis placed on the husband and father of a family to provide spiritual guidance for all of his family, ideally in consultation with his wife, even if the husband is not a member of the LDS Church, based on interpretatios of certain Biblical texts which proclaim the spiritual authority of husbands in marriage. Even Priesthood representatives are expected to defer to the father of the house when in his home. Further, additional spiritual guidance is offered by those holding the office of Patriarch, which is supposed by Latter-day Saints to grant certain gifts of the Spirit, such as the ability to prophesy, to its holders. This guidance is generally offered during a ceremony called the patriarchal blessing. | According to the tradition, who has less say in the spiritual teachings of children? | [
"wife"
] | [
697
] | [
"1324ae9df8879957b9c9e21060b8996f5caa22eb"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Notable faculty in physics have included the speed of light calculator A. A. Michelson, elementary charge calculator Robert A. Millikan, discoverer of the Compton Effect Arthur H. Compton, the creator of the first nuclear reactor Enrico Fermi, "the father of the hydrogen bomb" Edward Teller, "one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century" Luis Walter Alvarez, Murray Gell-Mann who introduced the quark, second female Nobel laureate Maria Goeppert-Mayer, the youngest American winner of the Nobel Prize Tsung-Dao Lee, and astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. | Who has a hyphenated first name? | [
"Tsung-Dao Lee"
] | [
548
] | [
"9cfb1621cdbdd0b336cad571c92ed4315154d3bd"
] | [
"University_of_Chicago"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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Luther's disappearance during his return trip back to Wittenberg was planned. Frederick III had him intercepted on his way home in the forest near Wittenberg by masked horsemen who were made to appear as armed highwaymen. They escorted Luther to the security of the Wartburg Castle at Eisenach. During his stay at Wartburg, which he referred to as "my Patmos", Luther translated the New Testament from Greek into German and poured out doctrinal and polemical writings. These included a renewed attack on Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz, whom he shamed into halting the sale of indulgences in his episcopates, and a "Refutation of the Argument of Latomus," in which he expounded the principle of justification to Jacobus Latomus, an orthodox theologian from Louvain. | in what way was Luther returned? | [
"escorted"
] | [
227
] | [
"734add45059febed39ad1505075576e7bae60574"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The earliest known movie featuring some exterior scenes filmed in the city is On the Night of the Fire (1939), though by and large the action is studio-bound. Later came The Clouded Yellow (1951) and Payroll (1961), both of which feature more extensive scenes filmed in the city. The 1971 film Get Carter was shot on location in and around Newcastle and offers an opportunity to see what Newcastle looked like in the 1960s and early 1970s. The city was also backdrop to another gangster film, the 1988 film noir thriller Stormy Monday, directed by Mike Figgis and starring Tommy Lee Jones, Melanie Griffith, Sting and Sean Bean. | What was so special about Get Carter? | [
"opportunity to see what Newcastle looked like in the 1960s and early 1970s"
] | [
364
] | [
"a842c976d6edb8c9cd3a36d7a392c98d6f7e3888"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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There would be no more scoring in the third quarter, but early in the fourth, the Broncos drove to the Panthers 41-yard line. On the next play, Ealy knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line. A 16-yard reception by Devin Funchess and a 12-yard run by Stewart then set up Gano's 39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16–10. The next three drives of the game would end in punts. | Which player fumbled the ball? | [
"Manning"
] | [
173
] | [
"c40207a0daff162402b43001ccbebe713492d7fe"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Notable faculty in physics have included the speed of light calculator A. A. Michelson, elementary charge calculator Robert A. Millikan, discoverer of the Compton Effect Arthur H. Compton, the creator of the first nuclear reactor Enrico Fermi, "the father of the hydrogen bomb" Edward Teller, "one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century" Luis Walter Alvarez, Murray Gell-Mann who introduced the quark, second female Nobel laureate Maria Goeppert-Mayer, the youngest American winner of the Nobel Prize Tsung-Dao Lee, and astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. | Who was Subrahmanyan chandrasekhar | [
"astrophysicist"
] | [
567
] | [
"2c8d8aa88cf7962266f9d518944c1b0c6e85c358"
] | [
"University_of_Chicago"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-3.150390625,
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Jochi died in 1226, during his father's lifetime. Some scholars, notably Ratchnevsky, have commented on the possibility that Jochi was secretly poisoned by an order from Genghis Khan. Rashid al-Din reports that the great Khan sent for his sons in the spring of 1223, and while his brothers heeded the order, Jochi remained in Khorasan. Juzjani suggests that the disagreement arose from a quarrel between Jochi and his brothers in the siege of Urgench. Jochi had attempted to protect Urgench from destruction, as it belonged to territory allocated to him as a fief. He concludes his story with the clearly apocryphal statement by Jochi: "Genghis Khan is mad to have massacred so many people and laid waste so many lands. I would be doing a service if I killed my father when he is hunting, made an alliance with Sultan Muhammad, brought this land to life and gave assistance and support to the Muslims." Juzjani claims that it was in response to hearing of these plans that Genghis Khan ordered his son secretly poisoned; however, as Sultan Muhammad was already dead in 1223, the accuracy of this story is questionable. | Jochi passed away at least three years after which historical figure? | [
"Sultan Muhammad"
] | [
1033
] | [
"681226315ca094e24a1a8ad26fbe85112d250bb0"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
0.6015625,
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An oscillating cylinder steam engine is a variant of the simple expansion steam engine which does not require valves to direct steam into and out of the cylinder. Instead of valves, the entire cylinder rocks, or oscillates, such that one or more holes in the cylinder line up with holes in a fixed port face or in the pivot mounting (trunnion). These engines are mainly used in toys and models, because of their simplicity, but have also been used in full size working engines, mainly on ships where their compactness is valued.[citation needed] | What powers the device? | [
"steam"
] | [
24
] | [
"7dbee7619bcc92aa4ceeeff45e855f666db703bd"
] | [
"Steam_engine"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-2.8203125,
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-7.1015625,
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Modern Mongolian historians say that towards the end of his life, Genghis Khan attempted to create a civil state under the Great Yassa that would have established the legal equality of all individuals, including women. However, there is no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary peoples such as the Chinese. Women played a relatively important role in Mongol Empire and in family, for example Töregene Khatun was briefly in charge of the Mongol Empire when next male Khagan was being chosen. Modern scholars refer to the alleged policy of encouraging trade and communication as the Pax Mongolica (Mongol Peace). | what gender is mentioned last? | [
"male"
] | [
504
] | [
"8f750f1a7c2fc3e86a7217e7e0257ef9ce46f142"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-2.2578125,
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-7.375,
-5.53125,
-3.65... |
Wiesner kept up the pressure, even making the disagreement public during a two-day September visit by the President to Marshall Space Flight Center. Wiesner blurted out "No, that's no good" in front of the press, during a presentation by von Braun. Webb jumped in and defended von Braun, until Kennedy ended the squabble by stating that the matter was "still subject to final review". Webb held firm, and issued a request for proposal to candidate Lunar Excursion Module (LEM) contractors. Wiesner finally relented, unwilling to settle the dispute once and for all in Kennedy's office, because of the President's involvement with the October Cuban missile crisis, and fear of Kennedy's support for Webb. NASA announced the selection of Grumman as the LEM contractor in November 1962. | Who was John F Kennedy? | [
"the President"
] | [
102
] | [
"65b0feeb730bf09755719a0eca4f9cd0a798aee2"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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According to PolitiFact the top 400 richest Americans "have more wealth than half of all Americans combined." According to the New York Times on July 22, 2014, the "richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent". Inherited wealth may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, "over 60 percent" of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege". | How were 6/10 of the richest 400 Americans financially raised? | [
"in substantial privilege"
] | [
497
] | [
"9bd5f895a14866d00de1356dea6be2ea5d394c9e"
] | [
"Economic_inequality"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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It is conjectured that a progressive decline in hormone levels with age is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals. Conversely, some hormones are regulated by the immune system, notably thyroid hormone activity. The age-related decline in immune function is also related to decreasing vitamin D levels in the elderly. As people age, two things happen that negatively affect their vitamin D levels. First, they stay indoors more due to decreased activity levels. This means that they get less sun and therefore produce less cholecalciferol via UVB radiation. Second, as a person ages the skin becomes less adept at producing vitamin D. | What happens to skin as people age? | [
"becomes less adept at producing vitamin D"
] | [
625
] | [
"c121d5c04f7bc27c7e22dbf8b3b29a5a21e94db8"
] | [
"Immune_system"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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There are 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East. There are two major bus stations in the city: Haymarket bus station and Eldon Square bus station. Arriva mainly operates from Haymarket Bus Station providing the majority of services to the north of Newcastle, Northumberland and North Tyneside. Go-Ahead operates from Eldon Square Bus Station, providing the majority of services south of the river in Gateshead, South Tyneside, Sunderland, and County Durham. Stagecoach is the primary operator in the city proper, with cross-city services mainly between both the West and East ends via the city centre with some services extending out to the MetroCentre, Killingworth, Wallsend and Ponteland. Bus Services in Newcastle upon Tyne and the surrounding boroughs part of the Tyne and Wear area are coordinated by Nexus, the Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive. | Who shares a name with an older type of transportation? | [
"Stagecoach North East"
] | [
100
] | [
"1a748ae613c04fdc71d7d03d6c3dc2683e7bd96a"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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On June 4, 2014, the NFL announced that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals, a practice established at Super Bowl V, would be temporarily suspended, and that the game would be named using Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI. Jaime Weston, the league's vice president of brand and creative, explained that a primary reason for the change was the difficulty of designing an aesthetically pleasing logo with the letter "L" using the standardized logo template introduced at Super Bowl XLV. The logo also deviates from the template by featuring large numerals, colored in gold, behind the Vince Lombardi Trophy, instead of underneath and in silver as in the standard logo. | What numeral standard was used in the Super Bowl 3 logo? | [
"Arabic"
] | [
214
] | [
"b2dbb68709898d49123ea518c7093a580faf0431"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-3.763671875,
-5.3984375,
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-8.109375,
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Without Luther's backing for the uprising, many rebels laid down their weapons; others felt betrayed. Their defeat by the Swabian League at the Battle of Frankenhausen on 15 May 1525, followed by Müntzer's execution, brought the revolutionary stage of the Reformation to a close. Thereafter, radicalism found a refuge in the anabaptist movement and other religious movements, while Luther's Reformation flourished under the wing of the secular powers. | What happened before the execution? | [
"the Battle of Frankenhausen"
] | [
140
] | [
"080197fab51bc7c3de1040c0b413f074d7c0441f"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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At the end of this speech, Luther raised his arm "in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout." Michael Mullett considers this speech as a "world classic of epoch-making oratory." | Who gave the salute | [
"Luther"
] | [
27
] | [
"83c135e57b5edb3a11bf7c879f15e1a7cf9fcb59"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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From Newcastle International Ferry Terminal, at North Shields, Danish DFDS Seaways run a service to IJmuiden (near Amsterdam). The DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden, ceased at the end of October 2006 – the company cited high fuel prices and new competition from low-cost air services as the cause – and their service to Bergen and Stavanger, Norway was terminated late 2008. Since summer 2007, Thomson cruise lines have included Newcastle as a departure port on its Norwegian and Fjords cruise. | What service was ceased about a year after Newcastle was added as a departure port? | [
"Bergen and Stavanger, Norway"
] | [
327
] | [
"4f7bc0513e72fd1520e418dc4b2bddd60d32a332"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-8.625,
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The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades. The area includes many California Bungalow and American Craftsman style homes, Spanish Colonial Revival Style architecture, Mediterranean Revival Style architecture, Mission Revival Style architecture, and many Storybook houses designed by Fresno architects, Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler. The residential architecture of the Tower District contrasts with the newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl in north and east areas of Fresno. | What was the nationality of Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler? | [
"American"
] | [
161
] | [
"84edc03cf74a431356981c2aae376c9a7ba17eaa"
] | [
"Fresno,_California"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam, which he called "Mohammedanism" or "the Turk". Though Luther saw the Muslim faith as a tool of the devil, he was indifferent to its practice: "Let the Turk believe and live as he will, just as one lets the papacy and other false Christians live." He opposed banning the publication of the Qur'an, wanting it exposed to scrutiny. | how did luther describe some people who followed christ? | [
"false"
] | [
338
] | [
"41748ade4926f80d84e29eb7a40378193278e9ec"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The delay in the CSM caused by the fire enabled NASA to catch up on man-rating the LM and Saturn V. Apollo 4 (AS-501) was the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V, carrying a Block I CSM on November 9, 1967. The capability of the Command Module's heat shield to survive a trans-lunar reentry was demonstrated by using the Service Module engine to ram it into the atmosphere at higher than the usual Earth-orbital reentry speed. This was followed on April 4, 1968, by Apollo 6 (AS-502) which carried a CSM and a LM Test Article as ballast. The intent of this mission was to achieve trans-lunar injection, followed closely by a simulated direct-return abort, using the Service Module engine to achieve another high-speed reentry. The Saturn V experienced pogo oscillation, a problem caused by non-steady engine combustion, which damaged fuel lines in the second and third stages. Two S-II engines shut down prematurely, but the remaining engines were able to compensate. The damage to the third stage engine was more severe, preventing it from restarting for trans-lunar injection. Mission controllers were able to use the Service Module engine to essentially repeat the flight profile of Apollo 4. Based on the good performance of Apollo 6 and identification of satisfactory fixes to the Apollo 6 problems, NASA declared the Saturn V ready to fly men, cancelling a third unmanned test. | what was the last vehicle mentioned? | [
"Saturn V"
] | [
1325
] | [
"aa8334721c337f3c4c5fc1391668d037281b3a38"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Luther devised the catechism as a method of imparting the basics of Christianity to the congregations. In 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism, a manual for pastors and teachers, as well as a synopsis, the Small Catechism, to be memorised by the people themselves. The catechisms provided easy-to-understand instructional and devotional material on the Ten Commandments, the Apostles' Creed, the Lord's Prayer, baptism, and the Lord's Supper. Luther incorporated questions and answers in the catechism so that the basics of Christian faith would not just be learned by rote, "the way monkeys do it", but understood. | what did Luther involve in the catechism to provide further understanding? | [
"questions and answers"
] | [
461
] | [
"a21c35799f281d4954bcd9793da607051d675d9f"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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] | [
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The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center. It has a height of 617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors. Other notable structures include the 37-story Wells Fargo Center (with its distinctive flared base making it the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline), originally built in 1972-74 by the Independent Life and Accident Insurance Company, and the 28 floor Riverplace Tower which, when completed in 1967, was the tallest precast, post-tensioned concrete structure in the world. | How tall is the building that defines the Jacksonville skyline? | [
"37-story"
] | [
224
] | [
"9d82546a1773fe016aaccdc247e2c3782e21b2de"
] | [
"Jacksonville,_Florida"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Many counties offer alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching, especially for hard-to-fill positions. Excellent job opportunities are expected as retirements, especially among secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area and subject taught.[citation needed] | What is the adjective for an object that comes after primary? | [
"secondary"
] | [
197
] | [
"9dcceba8dd78f12cbbfba1138ddc7ff125eb550f"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-6.539062... | [
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-9.5703125,
-8.515625,
-6.7... |
Oxygen storage methods include high pressure oxygen tanks, cryogenics and chemical compounds. For reasons of economy, oxygen is often transported in bulk as a liquid in specially insulated tankers, since one liter of liquefied oxygen is equivalent to 840 liters of gaseous oxygen at atmospheric pressure and 20 °C (68 °F). Such tankers are used to refill bulk liquid oxygen storage containers, which stand outside hospitals and other institutions with a need for large volumes of pure oxygen gas. Liquid oxygen is passed through heat exchangers, which convert the cryogenic liquid into gas before it enters the building. Oxygen is also stored and shipped in smaller cylinders containing the compressed gas; a form that is useful in certain portable medical applications and oxy-fuel welding and cutting. | How are gases sometimes transported? | [
"bulk as a liquid"
] | [
149
] | [
"31f6a188ab77343c6d55b4fa56f7a0476d12643e"
] | [
"Oxygen"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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It was not until January 1518 that friends of Luther translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press. Within two weeks, copies of the theses had spread throughout Germany; within two months, they had spread throughout Europe. | What was the controversy of the printing press about? | [
"95 Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied"
] | [
68
] | [
"eb94d7d1e75b53825d616052b6e01ac8e24674bd"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The first four Saturn I test flights were launched from LC-34, with only live first stages, carrying dummy upper stages filled with water. The first flight with a live S-IV was launched from LC-37. This was followed by five launches of boilerplate CSMs (designated AS-101 through AS-105) into orbit in 1964 and 1965. The last three of these further supported the Apollo program by also carrying Pegasus satellites, which verified the safety of the translunar environment by measuring the frequency and severity of micrometeorite impacts. | One type of object that can pass throught the Earth's atmosphere without being significantly heated up is called? | [
"micrometeorite"
] | [
514
] | [
"847f72c0d3fd0d170b602af1d04efe02f41b4eb2"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-8.0703125,
-8.78125,
-8.3984375,
-7.53515625,
-8.35... | [
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The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Costs of the Secretary and of housing the secretariat are provided by the WMO, while UNEP meets the cost of the Depute Secretary. Annual cash contributions to the Trust Fund are made by the WMO, by UNEP, and by IPCC Members; the scale of payments is determined by the IPCC Panel, which is also responsible for considering and adopting by consensus the annual budget. The organisation is required to comply with the Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO. | The UNEP provides what for the Depute Secretary? | [
"funding"
] | [
18
] | [
"130e4f24a6a0951c23c64018011e4ff3b0453198"
] | [
"Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-2.724609375,
-1.5634765625,
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Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program which ran concurrently with it from 1962 to 1966. Gemini missions developed some of the space travel techniques that were necessary for the success of the Apollo missions. Apollo used Saturn family rockets as launch vehicles. Apollo/Saturn vehicles were also used for an Apollo Applications Program, which consisted of Skylab, a space station that supported three manned missions in 1973–74, and the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, a joint Earth orbit mission with the Soviet Union in 1975. | The first United States space station was launched in what year? | [
"1973"
] | [
461
] | [
"9fede6fd073fba9fdf69bfc7b5483b689b5a3d12"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Chloroplasts' main role is to conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight and converts it and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water. They then use the ATP and NADPH to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle. Chloroplasts carry out a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis, much amino acid synthesis, and the immune response in plants. The number of chloroplasts per cell varies from 1 in algae up to 100 in plants like Arabidopsis and wheat. | Which of the following plants has the most chloroplasts per cell: Arabidopsis or algae? | [
"Arabidopsis"
] | [
590
] | [
"739f2c4e38da020e3f5c5c812869f468349b9a98"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-2.294921875,
-6.09765625,
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-8.4140625,
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Luther wrote "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir" ("From depths of woe I cry to you") in 1523 as a hymnic version of Psalm 130 and sent it as a sample to encourage evangelical colleagues to write psalm-hymns for use in German worship. In a collaboration with Paul Speratus, this and seven other hymns were published in the Achtliederbuch, the first Lutheran hymnal. In 1524 Luther developed his original four-stanza psalm paraphrase into a five-stanza Reformation hymn that developed the theme of "grace alone" more fully. Because it expressed essential Reformation doctrine, this expanded version of "Aus tiefer Not" was designated as a regular component of several regional Lutheran liturgies and was widely used at funerals, including Luther's own. Along with Erhart Hegenwalt's hymnic version of Psalm 51, Luther's expanded hymn was also adopted for use with the fifth part of Luther's catechism, concerning confession. | In addition to Psalm 130, what is another chapter that was made into a song? | [
"51"
] | [
804
] | [
"2b403bd66694b0aab86303230c5444ce09217a5a"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-3.419921875,
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The Tyneside flat was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly. They can still be found in areas such as South Heaton in Newcastle but once dominated the streetscape on both sides of the Tyne. Tyneside flats were built as terraces, one of each pair of doors led to an upstairs flat while the other led into the ground-floor flat, each of two or three rooms. A new development in the Ouseburn valley has recreated them; Architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula were attracted by the possibilities of high density without building high and getting rid of common areas. | The upper part of a house, that can be accessed via a stairwell is referred to as? | [
"upstairs"
] | [
343
] | [
"a28766b6fc97ff36d9573ce07edf16fa2e407000"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-2.5546875,
-1.3798828125,
-1.443359375,
-3.94921875,
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The city is served by the Tyne and Wear Metro, a system of suburban and underground railways covering much of Tyne and Wear. It was opened in five phases between 1980 and 1984, and was Britain's first urban light rail transit system; two extensions were opened in 1991 and 2002. It was developed from a combination of existing and newly built tracks and stations, with deep-level tunnels constructed through Newcastle city centre. A bridge was built across the Tyne, between Newcastle and Gateshead, and opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1981. The network is operated by DB Regio on behalf of Nexus and carries over 37 million passengers a year, extending as far as Newcastle Airport, Tynemouth, South Shields and South Hylton in Sunderland. In 2004, the company Marconi designed and constructed the mobile radio system to the underground Metro system. The Metro system was the first in the UK to have mobile phone antennae installed in the tunnels. | What sort of area is covered by the railways besides suburban? | [
"underground"
] | [
72
] | [
"5a0703280c0cfcc228b3126e8f750d7181768386"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-5.609375,
-7.5390625,
-8.1328125,
-8.3359375,
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-1.92578125,
-0.6083984375,
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The Apollo astronauts were chosen from the Project Mercury and Gemini veterans, plus from two later astronaut groups. All missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans. Crews on all development flights (except the Earth orbit CSM development flights) through the first two landings on Apollo 11 and Apollo 12, included at least two (sometimes three) Gemini veterans. Dr. Harrison Schmitt, a geologist, was the first NASA scientist astronaut to fly in space, and landed on the Moon on the last mission, Apollo 17. Schmitt participated in the lunar geology training of all of the Apollo landing crews. | what was the last group mentioned? | [
"Apollo landing crews"
] | [
586
] | [
"f7656eefe29a59b010a05dd58a95328039d09b3e"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-2.845703125,
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-4.83203125,
-0.170654296875,
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Other than the curriculum led learning, there are also National and Public Library Services led by the Kenya National Library Service (KNLS). KNLS is the body mandated to establish, equip, manage and maintain national and public libraries in the country. In addition, some of the counties within the country have either established or taken over libraries within their regions. Nairobi County operates four libraries within their network, which included the McMillan Memorial Library located at the central business district of Nairobi. A public library is seen as a peoples university since it is open to all irrespective of age, literacy level and has materials relevant to people of all walks of life. | Where do you have to go to go to McMillan Memorial Library? | [
"Nairobi"
] | [
378
] | [
"2549e1cb79f1dad7801d9cbc76c0af83b4379337"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-3.56640625,
-3.048828125,
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-5.640625,
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-7.84375,
-7.53515625,
-4.40625,
-6... |
This combination of cancellations and σ and π overlaps results in dioxygen's double bond character and reactivity, and a triplet electronic ground state. An electron configuration with two unpaired electrons as found in dioxygen (see the filled π* orbitals in the diagram), orbitals that are of equal energy—i.e., degenerate—is a configuration termed a spin triplet state. Hence, the ground state of the O2 molecule is referred to as triplet oxygen.[b] The highest energy, partially filled orbitals are antibonding, and so their filling weakens the bond order from three to two. Because of its unpaired electrons, triplet oxygen reacts only slowly with most organic molecules, which have paired electron spins; this prevents spontaneous combustion. | What is an equal energy orbital? | [
"degenerate"
] | [
314
] | [
"7c812ca4184044019e3d43bf3ccf47f9382453b1"
] | [
"Oxygen"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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... |
The normal force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact. When their electron clouds overlap, Pauli repulsion (due to fermionic nature of electrons) follows resulting in the force that acts in a direction normal to the surface interface between two objects.:93 The normal force, for example, is responsible for the structural integrity of tables and floors as well as being the force that responds whenever an external force pushes on a solid object. An example of the normal force in action is the impact force on an object crashing into an immobile surface. | The basic building blocks of matter are called? | [
"atoms"
] | [
67
] | [
"b040ddcf61d1fb1758544ce65cdbdd1d8b692461"
] | [
"Force"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-4.24609375,
-... | [
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-3... |
Genghis Khan realised that he needed people who could govern cities and states conquered by him. He also realised that such administrators could not be found among his Mongol people because they were nomads and thus had no experience governing cities. For this purpose Genghis Khan invited a Khitan prince, Chu'Tsai, who worked for the Jin and had been captured by the Mongol army after the Jin dynasty was defeated. Jin had captured power by displacing Khitan. Genghis told Chu'Tsai, who was a lineal descendant of Khitan rulers, that he had avenged Chu'Tsai's forefathers. Chu'Tsai responded that his father served the Jin dynasty honestly and so did he; also he did not consider his own father his enemy, so the question of revenge did not apply. This reply impressed Genghis Khan. Chu'Tsai administered parts of the Mongol Empire and became a confidant of the successive Mongol Khans. | who avenged Chu'Tsai's forefathers? | [
"Genghis Khan"
] | [
0
] | [
"f098b05fd3a1d81f36db205de06c68990be86cac"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Pattern recognition receptors are proteins used by nearly all organisms to identify molecules associated with pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides called defensins are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response found in all animals and plants, and represent the main form of invertebrate systemic immunity. The complement system and phagocytic cells are also used by most forms of invertebrate life. Ribonucleases and the RNA interference pathway are conserved across all eukaryotes, and are thought to play a role in the immune response to viruses. | Which one is involoved in yeast's immunity, ribonucleases or defensins? | [
"Ribonucleases"
] | [
422
] | [
"2a831f0389e327e2b068f2850102e79cafc38b4b"
] | [
"Immune_system"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The university experienced its share of student unrest during the 1960s, beginning in 1962, when students occupied President George Beadle's office in a protest over the university's off-campus rental policies. After continued turmoil, a university committee in 1967 issued what became known as the Kalven Report. The report, a two-page statement of the university's policy in "social and political action," declared that "To perform its mission in the society, a university must sustain an extraordinary environment of freedom of inquiry and maintain an independence from political fashions, passions, and pressures." The report has since been used to justify decisions such as the university's refusal to divest from South Africa in the 1980s and Darfur in the late 2000s. | The Kalven Report was issued before 1962, or before the 1980s? | [
"the 1980s"
] | [
735
] | [
"a2878c85de955e7c163de51e6fc09cc36a642edb"
] | [
"University_of_Chicago"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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What we now call gravity was not identified as a universal force until the work of Isaac Newton. Before Newton, the tendency for objects to fall towards the Earth was not understood to be related to the motions of celestial objects. Galileo was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects by determining that the acceleration of every object in free-fall was constant and independent of the mass of the object. Today, this acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth is usually designated as and has a magnitude of about 9.81 meters per second squared (this measurement is taken from sea level and may vary depending on location), and points toward the center of the Earth. This observation means that the force of gravity on an object at the Earth's surface is directly proportional to the object's mass. Thus an object that has a mass of will experience a force: | How fast is the speed of an objects fall? | [
"9.81 meters per second squared"
] | [
561
] | [
"785cae32563a0eecd39383303d7334a642d05ca9"
] | [
"Force"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-4.72265625,
-8.421875,
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In the United States especially, several high-profile cases such as Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau have caused increased scrutiny on teacher misconduct. | Which person mentioned has a first name where the third letter is r? | [
"Mary Kay Letourneau"
] | [
101
] | [
"388206c489d219fc3b82a772a12c2a0c20a2776c"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-8.84375,
-8.6... |
During the mass high school education movement from 1910–1940, there was an increase in skilled workers, which led to a decrease in the price of skilled labor. High school education during the period was designed to equip students with necessary skill sets to be able to perform at work. In fact, it differs from the present high school education, which is regarded as a stepping-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. Education is very important for the growth of the economy, however educational inequality in gender also influence towards the economy. Lagerlof and Galor stated that gender inequality in education can result to low economic growth, and continued gender inequality in education, thus creating a poverty trap. It is suggested that a large gap in male and female education may indicate backwardness and so may be associated with lower economic growth, which can explain why there is economic inequality between countries. | What resulted in decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers? | [
"mass high school education movement"
] | [
11
] | [
"747e6d8b5706e570a1a2d1df4f1ccde511377572"
] | [
"Economic_inequality"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-5.3828125,
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By the opening of the 2008 General Conference, total UMC membership was estimated at 11.4 million, with about 7.9 million in the U.S. and 3.5 million overseas. Significantly, about 20% of the conference delegates were from Africa, with Filipinos and Europeans making up another 10%. During the conference, the delegates voted to finalize the induction of the Methodist Church of the Ivory Coast and its 700,000 members into the denomination. Given current trends in the UMC—with overseas churches growing, especially in Africa, and U.S. churches collectively losing about 1,000 members a week—it has been estimated that Africans will make up at least 30% of the delegates at the 2012 General Conference, and it is also possible that 40% of the delegates will be from outside the U.S. One Congolese bishop has estimated that typical Sunday attendance of the UMC is higher in his country than in the entire United States. | What were the statistics for conference attendees in 2008? | [
"about 20% of the conference delegates were from Africa, with Filipinos and Europeans making up another 10%"
] | [
175
] | [
"e76693df5b7582d38dda5ff4ae9a9039fd6a0880"
] | [
"United_Methodist_Church"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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... |
One theory suggests the name stems from a palatalised version of the Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis, meaning "ocean", "oceanic" or "wide-spreading". (Lake Baikal and ocean were called tenggis by the Mongols. However, it seems that if they had meant to call Genghis tenggis they could have said, and written, "Tenggis Khan", which they did not.) Zhèng (Chinese: 正) meaning "right", "just", or "true", would have received the Mongolian adjectival modifier -s, creating "Jenggis", which in medieval romanization would be written "Genghis". It is likely that the 13th century Mongolian pronunciation would have closely matched "Chinggis". | How did the Mongolian pronounce Zheng? | [
"Jenggis"
] | [
471
] | [
"e51f97f1435fa01eefe3dc94968e6ee7c65352f1"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-4.4609375,
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-8.359375,
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-6.21875,
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... |
The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory, allowing for the planning for conquest of Hungary and Europe. Genghis Khan recalled Subutai back to Mongolia soon afterwards, and Jebe died on the road back to Samarkand. The famous cavalry expedition led by Subutai and Jebe, in which they encircled the entire Caspian Sea defeating all armies in their path, remains unparalleled to this day, and word of the Mongol triumphs began to trickle to other nations, particularly Europe. These two campaigns are generally regarded as reconnaissance campaigns that tried to get the feel of the political and cultural elements of the regions. In 1225 both divisions returned to Mongolia. These invasions added Transoxiana and Persia to an already formidable empire while destroying any resistance along the way. Later under Genghis Khan's grandson Batu and the Golden Horde, the Mongols returned to conquer Volga Bulgaria and Kievan Rus' in 1237, concluding the campaign in 1240. | the leader of the Mongols was who | [
"Genghis Khan"
] | [
156
] | [
"d2e8d128f279f2077c2c5858cb8db12272750817"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-6.25390625,
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-... |
In Hinduism the spiritual teacher is known as a guru, and, in many traditions of Hinduism - especially those common in the West - the emphasis on spiritual mentorship is extremely high, with gurus often exercising a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples. | What is important in the traditions of Hinduism? | [
"emphasis on spiritual mentorship"
] | [
134
] | [
"e9b45547a2bcfcd4dc5d3b16bab5971183660e7d"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-4.00390625,
-3.716796875,
-7.765625,
-5.07421875,
-7.59375,
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2.046875,
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On June 4, 2014, the NFL announced that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals, a practice established at Super Bowl V, would be temporarily suspended, and that the game would be named using Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI. Jaime Weston, the league's vice president of brand and creative, explained that a primary reason for the change was the difficulty of designing an aesthetically pleasing logo with the letter "L" using the standardized logo template introduced at Super Bowl XLV. The logo also deviates from the template by featuring large numerals, colored in gold, behind the Vince Lombardi Trophy, instead of underneath and in silver as in the standard logo. | What does the logo do? | [
"deviates"
] | [
615
] | [
"b64b7ad57483fb3be72b1bfe55aec7a001a05644"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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30 US states have banned corporal punishment, the others (mostly in the South) have not. It is still used to a significant (though declining) degree in some public schools in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas. Private schools in these and most other states may also use it. Corporal punishment in American schools is administered to the seat of the student's trousers or skirt with a specially made wooden paddle. This often used to take place in the classroom or hallway, but nowadays the punishment is usually given privately in the principal's office. | What would happen in a hallway? | [
"Corporal punishment"
] | [
322
] | [
"88f4f2bcaa4b760413f353552ede40eb9afb9213"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-8.25,
-5.93359375,
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However, attempting to reconcile electromagnetic theory with two observations, the photoelectric effect, and the nonexistence of the ultraviolet catastrophe, proved troublesome. Through the work of leading theoretical physicists, a new theory of electromagnetism was developed using quantum mechanics. This final modification to electromagnetic theory ultimately led to quantum electrodynamics (or QED), which fully describes all electromagnetic phenomena as being mediated by wave–particles known as photons. In QED, photons are the fundamental exchange particle, which described all interactions relating to electromagnetism including the electromagnetic force.[Note 4] | Photons have features associated with both particles and what else? | [
"wave"
] | [
477
] | [
"26e8159158d23d9f0002805e31a14bd75364387d"
] | [
"Force"
] | [
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... |
The main response of the immune system to tumors is to destroy the abnormal cells using killer T cells, sometimes with the assistance of helper T cells. Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to viral antigens. This allows killer T cells to recognize the tumor cell as abnormal. NK cells also kill tumorous cells in a similar way, especially if the tumor cells have fewer MHC class I molecules on their surface than normal; this is a common phenomenon with tumors. Sometimes antibodies are generated against tumor cells allowing for their destruction by the complement system. | Cells in a tumor have fewer cells where? | [
"their surface"
] | [
429
] | [
"f00857e2ce9c07df8a1594fcc3c237b53e188e77"
] | [
"Immune_system"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. On Black Hammock Island in the national Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, a University of North Florida team discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BC. In the 16th century, the beginning of the historical era, the region was inhabited by the Mocama, a coastal subgroup of the Timucua people. At the time of contact with Europeans, all Mocama villages in present-day Jacksonville were part of the powerful chiefdom known as the Saturiwa, centered around the mouth of the St. Johns River. One early map shows a village called Ossachite at the site of what is now downtown Jacksonville; this may be the earliest recorded name for that area. | What group is not native to the USA? | [
"Europeans"
] | [
464
] | [
"645e2af0adfb36c9eeb383a6cba2a685eb0be081"
] | [
"Jacksonville,_Florida"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Accounts of Genghis Khan's life are marked by claims of a series of betrayals and conspiracies. These include rifts with his early allies such as Jamukha (who also wanted to be a ruler of Mongol tribes) and Wang Khan (his and his father's ally), his son Jochi, and problems with the most important shaman, who was allegedly trying to drive a wedge between him and his loyal brother Khasar. His military strategies showed a deep interest in gathering good intelligence and understanding the motivations of his rivals, exemplified by his extensive spy network and Yam route systems. He seemed to be a quick student, adopting new technologies and ideas that he encountered, such as siege warfare from the Chinese. He was also ruthless, demonstrated by his tactic of measuring against the linchpin, used against the tribes led by Jamukha. | Who is Khasar's brother? | [
"Genghis Khan's"
] | [
12
] | [
"d76cb7c5163544608e72a69384a5fba612fdd22b"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers who are friendly and supportive and will show more interest in courses taught by these teachers. Teachers that spend more time interacting and working directly with students are perceived as supportive and effective teachers. Effective teachers have been shown to invite student participation and decision making, allow humor into their classroom, and demonstrate a willingness to play. | How might students react to supportive and effective teachers? | [
"Students are likely to build stronger relations"
] | [
0
] | [
"c27e2d28233669b79791c0e6d60b081d46507f26"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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Nearby, in Ogród Saski (the Saxon Garden), the Summer Theatre was in operation from 1870 to 1939, and in the inter-war period, the theatre complex also included Momus, Warsaw's first literary cabaret, and Leon Schiller's musical theatre Melodram. The Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre (1922–26), was the best example of "Polish monumental theatre". From the mid-1930s, the Great Theatre building housed the Upati Institute of Dramatic Arts – the first state-run academy of dramatic art, with an acting department and a stage directing department. | What was the first literary cabaret? | [
"Momus"
] | [
161
] | [
"9b2c36e51af1eac01dee9d7faf0fcb800412cf4d"
] | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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East and Central Africa's biggest economy has posted tremendous growth in the service sector, boosted by rapid expansion in telecommunication and financial activity over the last decade, and now[when?] contributes 62% of GDP. 22% of GDP still comes from the unreliable agricultural sector which employs 75% of the labour force (a consistent characteristic of under-developed economies that have not attained food security – an important catalyst of economic growth) A small portion of the population relies on food aid.[citation needed] Industry and manufacturing is the smallest sector, accounting for 16% of GDP. The service, industry and manufacturing sectors only employ 25% of the labour force but contribute 75% of GDP. | what technology related field is mentioned first? | [
"telecommunication"
] | [
124
] | [
"a33cf3cbb9b96566ebe6a8b381a606b3ed557c31"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The chloroplasts of plant and algal cells can orient themselves to best suit the available light. In low-light conditions, they will spread out in a sheet—maximizing the surface area to absorb light. Under intense light, they will seek shelter by aligning in vertical columns along the plant cell's cell wall or turning sideways so that light strikes them edge-on. This reduces exposure and protects them from photooxidative damage. This ability to distribute chloroplasts so that they can take shelter behind each other or spread out may be the reason why land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones. Chloroplast movement is considered one of the most closely regulated stimulus-response systems that can be found in plants. Mitochondria have also been observed to follow chloroplasts as they move. | Which shape indicates the presence of more light? | [
"vertical columns"
] | [
259
] | [
"e9020a0c1066870c7b307e3c1a51c95eaacefe97"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-5.5703125,
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Luther was a prolific hymn-writer, authoring hymns such as "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott" ("A Mighty Fortress Is Our God"), based on Psalm 46, and "Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her" ("From Heaven Above to Earth I Come"), based on Luke 2:11–12. Luther connected high art and folk music, also all classes, clergy and laity, men, women and children. His tool of choice for this connection was the singing of German hymns in connection with worship, school, home, and the public arena. He often accompanied the sung hymns with a lute, later recreated as the waldzither that became a national instrument of Germany in the 20th century. | what was the inspiration for Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her? | [
"Luke 2:11–12"
] | [
231
] | [
"0b8d0896befac0c1387efde990b30de9aebe2d8c"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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CBS set the base rate for a 30-second advertisement at $5,000,000, a record high price for a Super Bowl ad. As of January 26, the advertisements had not yet sold out. CBS mandated that all advertisers purchase a package covering time on both the television and digital broadcasts of the game, meaning that for the first time, digital streams of the game would carry all national advertising in pattern with the television broadcast. This would be the final year in a multi-year contract with Anheuser-Busch InBev that allowed the beer manufacturer to air multiple advertisements during the game at a steep discount. It was also the final year that Doritos, a longtime sponsor of the game, held its "Crash the Super Bowl" contest that allowed viewers to create their own Doritos ads for a chance to have it aired during the game. Nintendo and The Pokémon Company also made their Super Bowl debut, promoting the 20th anniversary of the Pokémon video game and media franchise. | What was Nintendo celebrating? | [
"20th anniversary of the Pokémon video game and media franchise"
] | [
910
] | [
"e29fa8012d00dd63e21c0b4f7b99ba0bc2f46554"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The delay in the CSM caused by the fire enabled NASA to catch up on man-rating the LM and Saturn V. Apollo 4 (AS-501) was the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V, carrying a Block I CSM on November 9, 1967. The capability of the Command Module's heat shield to survive a trans-lunar reentry was demonstrated by using the Service Module engine to ram it into the atmosphere at higher than the usual Earth-orbital reentry speed. This was followed on April 4, 1968, by Apollo 6 (AS-502) which carried a CSM and a LM Test Article as ballast. The intent of this mission was to achieve trans-lunar injection, followed closely by a simulated direct-return abort, using the Service Module engine to achieve another high-speed reentry. The Saturn V experienced pogo oscillation, a problem caused by non-steady engine combustion, which damaged fuel lines in the second and third stages. Two S-II engines shut down prematurely, but the remaining engines were able to compensate. The damage to the third stage engine was more severe, preventing it from restarting for trans-lunar injection. Mission controllers were able to use the Service Module engine to essentially repeat the flight profile of Apollo 4. Based on the good performance of Apollo 6 and identification of satisfactory fixes to the Apollo 6 problems, NASA declared the Saturn V ready to fly men, cancelling a third unmanned test. | Why did NASA cancel a third unmanned test? | [
"Saturn V ready to fly men"
] | [
1325
] | [
"1181ce0f6d5a1e98c7d7804ddb2501e25669ea26"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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In 2014, economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency concluded that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles. To partially remedy the wealth gap and the resulting slow growth, S&P recommended increasing access to education. It estimated that if the average United States worker had completed just one more year of school, it would add an additional $105 billion in growth to the country's economy over five years. | What was the downside to the slow recovery of the recession? | [
"more prone to boom-and-bust cycles"
] | [
230
] | [
"748d48211893efa6d95cdb6a4c32ef16dc9aeed1"
] | [
"Economic_inequality"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In the autumn of 1991, talks were held for the broadcast rights for Premier League for a five-year period, from the 1992 season. ITV were the current rights holders, and fought hard to retain the new rights. ITV had increased its offer from £18m to £34m per year to keep control of the rights. BSkyB joined forces with the BBC to make a counter bid. The BBC was given the highlights of most of the matches, while BSkyB paying £304m for the Premier League rights, would give them a monopoly of all live matches, up to 60 per year from the 1992 season. Murdoch described sport as a "battering ram" for pay-television, providing a strong customer base. A few weeks after the deal, ITV went to the High Court to get an injunction as it believed their bid details had been leaked before the decision was taken. ITV also asked the Office of Fair Trading to investigate since it believed Rupert Murdoch's media empire via its newspapers had influenced the deal. A few days later neither action took effect, ITV believed BSkyB was telephoned and informed of its £262m bid, and Premier League advised BSkyB to increase its counter bid. | How did ITV specifically think bid details had been leaked | [
"ITV believed BSkyB was telephoned and informed of its £262m bid, and Premier League advised BSkyB to increase its counter bid"
] | [
1001
] | [
"4f7422f9e0a5b01a421ba8c098f68dc6daf837c6"
] | [
"Sky_(United_Kingdom)"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In late November 2015, reports surfaced stating that "multiple acts" would perform during the halftime show. On December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press that Beyoncé, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show and collaborated with Coldplay on the single "Hymn for the Weekend", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, and Mark Ronson also performed. | what was the second time period mentioned? | [
"December 3"
] | [
112
] | [
"9fe89d7d699284b2dcbb6a9bb54939dfa95004d9"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Manning finished the year with a career-low 67.9 passer rating, throwing for 2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions. In contrast, Osweiler threw for 1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4. Veteran receiver Demaryius Thomas led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns, while Emmanuel Sanders caught 76 passes for 1,135 yards and six scores, while adding another 106 yards returning punts. Tight end Owen Daniels was also a big element of the passing game with 46 receptions for 517 yards. Running back C. J. Anderson was the team's leading rusher 863 yards and seven touchdowns, while also catching 25 passes for 183 yards. Running back Ronnie Hillman also made a big impact with 720 yards, five touchdowns, 24 receptions, and a 4.7 yards per carry average. Overall, the offense ranked 19th in scoring with 355 points and did not have any Pro Bowl selections. | Who threw for more yards, Manning or Osweiler? | [
"Manning"
] | [
0
] | [
"53d42cf04793e36b6e157f898c942d63e7364c85"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In large parts, Newcastle still retains a medieval street layout. Narrow alleys or 'chares', most of which can only be traversed by foot, still exist in abundance, particularly around the riverside. Stairs from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre and the extant Castle Keep, originally recorded in the 14th century, remain intact in places. Close, Sandhill and Quayside contain modern buildings as well as structures dating from the 15th–18th centuries, including Bessie Surtees House, the Cooperage and Lloyds Quayside Bars, Derwentwater House and "House of Tides", a restaurant situated at a Grade I-listed 16th century merchant's house at 28–30 Close. | What is the condition of the steps? | [
"intact in places"
] | [
336
] | [
"61b6ba4cffb62ff5c4e478de4eb00d10825d9cc1"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference and is the only organization which may speak officially for the church. The General Conference meets every four years (quadrennium). Legislative changes are recorded in The Book of Discipline which is revised after each General Conference. Non-legislative resolutions are recorded in the Book of Resolutions, which is published after each General Conference, and expire after eight years unless passed again by a subsequent session of General Conference. The last General Conference was held in Tampa, Florida, in 2012. The event is currently rotated between the U.S. jurisdictions of the church. The 2016 General Conference will be in Portland, Oregon. Bishops, Councils, Committees, Boards, Elders, etc., are not permitted to speak on behalf of The United Methodist Church as this authority is reserved solely for the General Conference in accordance with the Book of Discipline. | Alternations are made to the? | [
"Book of Discipline"
] | [
283
] | [
"13250efce826b497f1cf8d769736ea6ed47b73cd"
] | [
"United_Methodist_Church"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The "Big Five" game animals of Africa, that is the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant, can be found in Kenya and in the Masai Mara in particular. A significant population of other wild animals, reptiles and birds can be found in the national parks and game reserves in the country. The annual animal migration occurs between June and September with millions of animals taking part, attracting valuable foreign tourism. Two million wildebeest migrate a distance of 2,900 kilometres (1,802 mi) from the Serengeti in neighbouring Tanzania to the Masai Mara in Kenya, in a constant clockwise fashion, searching for food and water supplies. This Serengeti Migration of the wildebeest is a curious spectacle listed among the 10 Natural Wonders of Africa. | Who is included in the "Big Five"? | [
"the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant"
] | [
47
] | [
"0add3816250f324a7ceb3587094499e85c0d4314"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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There were tax exemptions for religious figures and, to some extent, teachers and doctors. The Mongol Empire practiced religious tolerance because Mongol tradition had long held that religion was a personal concept, and not subject to law or interference.[citation needed] Sometime before the rise of Genghis Khan, Ong Khan, his mentor and eventual rival, had converted to Nestorian Christianity. Various Mongol tribes were Shamanist, Buddhist or Christian. Religious tolerance was thus a well established concept on the Asian steppe. | What was the final relationship between Genghis Khan and Ong Khan? | [
"rival"
] | [
349
] | [
"707108a89bc003894cfbeb07510e07e39d6a5cc5"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference and is the only organization which may speak officially for the church. The General Conference meets every four years (quadrennium). Legislative changes are recorded in The Book of Discipline which is revised after each General Conference. Non-legislative resolutions are recorded in the Book of Resolutions, which is published after each General Conference, and expire after eight years unless passed again by a subsequent session of General Conference. The last General Conference was held in Tampa, Florida, in 2012. The event is currently rotated between the U.S. jurisdictions of the church. The 2016 General Conference will be in Portland, Oregon. Bishops, Councils, Committees, Boards, Elders, etc., are not permitted to speak on behalf of The United Methodist Church as this authority is reserved solely for the General Conference in accordance with the Book of Discipline. | Gathers during the same rotation of time as a United States Presidential election and the meeting of the Olympic Summer Games? | [
"General Conference"
] | [
186
] | [
"a5ab9907d9441c313caa53b78a1396d72c28e99b"
] | [
"United_Methodist_Church"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service became available in 10 million homes in 2010, Europe's first pay-TV platform in to achieve that milestone. Confirming it had reached its target, the broadcaster said its reach into 36% of households in the UK represented an audience of more than 25m people. The target was first announced in August 2004, since then an additional 2.4m customers had subscribed to BSkyB's direct-to-home service. Media commentators had debated whether the figure could be reached as the growth in subscriber numbers elsewhere in Europe flattened. | How many people had BskyB in 2010? | [
"25m"
] | [
287
] | [
"11ce7e48f032258a6bb98f8a8c9421e261ff0ebd"
] | [
"Sky_(United_Kingdom)"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The chloroplast double membrane is also often compared to the mitochondrial double membrane. This is not a valid comparison—the inner mitochondria membrane is used to run proton pumps and carry out oxidative phosphorylation across to generate ATP energy. The only chloroplast structure that can considered analogous to it is the internal thylakoid system. Even so, in terms of "in-out", the direction of chloroplast H+ ion flow is in the opposite direction compared to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. In addition, in terms of function, the inner chloroplast membrane, which regulates metabolite passage and synthesizes some materials, has no counterpart in the mitochondrion. | Is it considered reasonable to compare the double membrane found in the chloroplast to the double membrane of the mitochondria? | [
"This is not a valid comparison"
] | [
93
] | [
"9b16c6130953eb111ec0d3c58c4ccf798645ec12"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-8.90625,
-9.6484375,
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-6.10546875,
-9.0859375,
-9.5703125,
-9.39062... |
During the English Civil War, the North declared for the King. In a bid to gain Newcastle and the Tyne, Cromwell's allies, the Scots, captured the town of Newburn. In 1644 the Scots then captured the reinforced fortification on the Lawe in South Shields following a siege. In 1644 the city was then besieged for many months and was eventually stormed ('with roaring drummes') and sacked by Cromwell's allies. The grateful King bestowed the motto "Fortiter Defendit Triumphans" ("Triumphing by a brave defence") upon the town. Charles I was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646–7. | Which was captured second, the town of Newburn or the reinforced fortification on the Lawe? | [
"the reinforced fortification on the Lawe"
] | [
196
] | [
"f8573240f0d4d420adf710bad3d00fc8a235d34d"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-3.88671875,
-7.16015625,
-8.65625,
-6.6015625,
-7.85546875,
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-9.0234375,
-9.1... |
A 2000 study found that 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession. A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers. | What do normal workers not have to deal with as much? | [
"anxiety, depression, and stress"
] | [
185
] | [
"b6a71a728a35506dd4cd2179c9342acf5e1a047a"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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It became clear that managing the Apollo program would exceed the capabilities of Robert R. Gilruth's Space Task Group, which had been directing the nation's manned space program from NASA's Langley Research Center. So Gilruth was given authority to grow his organization into a new NASA center, the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC). A site was chosen in Houston, Texas, on land donated by Rice University, and Administrator Webb announced the conversion on September 19, 1961. It was also clear NASA would soon outgrow its practice of controlling missions from its Cape Canaveral Air Force Station launch facilities in Florida, so a new Mission Control Center would be included in the MSC. | Who was also a god? | [
"Apollo"
] | [
34
] | [
"09cd4f5d31778c1b1f4a10e1d96ce4d09a0d1469"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-4.796875,
-6.015625,
-8.2734375,
-8.3828125,
-7.6875,
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-6.171875,
... | [
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-6.35546875,
-6.476... |
Since the 1980s, Lutheran Church denominations have repudiated Martin Luther's statements against the Jews and have rejected the use of them to incite hatred against Lutherans. Strommen et al.'s 1970 survey of 4,745 North American Lutherans aged 15–65 found that, compared to the other minority groups under consideration, Lutherans were the least prejudiced toward Jews. Nevertheless, Professor Richard (Dick) Geary, former Professor of Modern History at the University of Nottingham, England, and the author of Hitler and Nazism (Routledge 1993), wrote in the journal History Today an article on who voted for the Nazis in elections held from 1928-1933, where he claimed that from his research he found that the Nazis gained disproportionately more votes from Protestant than Catholic areas of Germany. | Which of the following is not a religious tradition: Protestant, Nazi, or Catholic? | [
"Nazis"
] | [
616
] | [
"2348652746f3e1252c324874529c976a2ee3afed"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-2.509765625,
-7.3046875,
-8.875,
-8.4375,
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-... | [
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Today, Warsaw has some of the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe. The city is home to the Children's Memorial Health Institute (CMHI), the highest-reference hospital in all of Poland, as well as an active research and education center. While the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology it is one of the largest and most modern oncological institutions in Europe. The clinical section is located in a 10-floor building with 700 beds, 10 operating theatres, an intensive care unit, several diagnostic departments as well as an outpatient clinic. The infrastructure has developed a lot over the past years. | what is the first country mentioned? | [
"Poland"
] | [
57
] | [
"e20917f93f1416dcdee7e5cffa70ad3d61588af5"
] | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-2.744140625,
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-8.4375,
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1.2216796875,
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-1.9501... | [
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-7.... |
During the English Civil War, the North declared for the King. In a bid to gain Newcastle and the Tyne, Cromwell's allies, the Scots, captured the town of Newburn. In 1644 the Scots then captured the reinforced fortification on the Lawe in South Shields following a siege. In 1644 the city was then besieged for many months and was eventually stormed ('with roaring drummes') and sacked by Cromwell's allies. The grateful King bestowed the motto "Fortiter Defendit Triumphans" ("Triumphing by a brave defence") upon the town. Charles I was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646–7. | Why did the king give the town a motto? | [
"grateful"
] | [
413
] | [
"b54e527e0777dd7831d46998c4730afabf31aaa7"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-3.251953125,
-7.05859375,
-8.5234375,
-5.6875,
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His translation of the Bible into the vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture. It fostered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation, and influenced the writing of an English translation, the Tyndale Bible. His hymns influenced the development of singing in churches. His marriage to Katharina von Bora set a model for the practice of clerical marriage, allowing Protestant clergy to marry. | He translated the Bible into German from what? | [
"Latin"
] | [
61
] | [
"fdee6a372aee89d672f05082392827329c691f59"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-5.79296875,
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... |
Genghis Khan, the title is spelled in variety of ways in different languages such as Mongolian Chinggis Khaan, English Chinghiz, Chinghis, and Chingiz, Chinese: 成吉思汗; pinyin: Chéngjísī Hán, Turkic: Cengiz Han, Çingiz Xan, Çingiz Han, Chingizxon, Çıñğız Xan, Chengez Khan, Chinggis Khan, Chinggis Xaan, Chingis Khan, Jenghis Khan, Chinggis Qan, Djingis Kahn, Russian: Чингисхан (Čingiskhan) or Чингиз-хан (Čingiz-khan), etc. Temüjin is written in Chinese as simplified Chinese: 铁木真; traditional Chinese: 鐵木眞; pinyin: Tiěmùzhēn. | In English, this title is? | [
"Chinghiz, Chinghis, and Chingiz"
] | [
119
] | [
"9572e3464a8af7368b9bb4c8d8ad8ebab9e3858b"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-0.355224609375,
-6.85546875,
-6.55859375,
-9.5078125,
-6.21875,
-5.7265625,
-8.359375,
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-2.11328125,
-4.94140625,
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-3.25976562... |
The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20–18, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds left on the clock. Despite Manning's problems with interceptions during the season, he didn't throw any in their two playoff games. | How many points were the Patriots going for when the turnover happened? | [
"2"
] | [
290
] | [
"7b69651f33a0cefde4e7b009316b7047619b0d53"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-2.048828125,
-6.03125,
-7.84765625,
-6.8515625,
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-3.224609375,
-5.203125,
-6.07421875,
-5.9... | [
-2.216796875,
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-8.73... |
Agriculture is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product (GDP), after the service sector. In 2005 agriculture, including forestry and fishing, accounted for 24% of GDP, as well as for 18% of wage employment and 50% of revenue from exports. The principal cash crops are tea, horticultural produce, and coffee. Horticultural produce and tea are the main growth sectors and the two most valuable of all of Kenya's exports. The production of major food staples such as corn is subject to sharp weather-related fluctuations. Production downturns periodically necessitate food aid—for example, in 2004 aid for 1.8 million people because of one of Kenya's intermittent droughts.[citation needed] | Why did Kenya need help in 2004? | [
"droughts"
] | [
685
] | [
"685ece86eda12d269855db437ad283e7002a80be"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-3.166015625,
-7.55078125,
-8.7421875,
-4.828125,
-7.7421875,
-7.05078125,
-6.8046875,
-6.328125,
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-3.46875,
-8.4375,
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-8.71875,
-4.92578125,
-8.2265625,
-8.3671875,
-6.3671875,
-7.7890625,
-8.453125,
-... | [
-3.796875,
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-9.09375,
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-8.671875,
-8.7890625,
-8.59375,
-5.49609375,
-8... |
Torque is the rotation equivalent of force in the same way that angle is the rotational equivalent for position, angular velocity for velocity, and angular momentum for momentum. As a consequence of Newton's First Law of Motion, there exists rotational inertia that ensures that all bodies maintain their angular momentum unless acted upon by an unbalanced torque. Likewise, Newton's Second Law of Motion can be used to derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration of the rigid body: | What word describes the speed of an object? | [
"momentum"
] | [
156
] | [
"92eb74d054b740c122dbdb98c4a1bf527501aee8"
] | [
"Force"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-1.7333984375,
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-8.09375,
-8.140625,
-4.76171875,
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-6.03515625,
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-6.3828125,
-6.1015625,
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The Daily Mail newspaper reported in 2012 that the UK government's benefits agency was checking claimants' "Sky TV bills to establish if a woman in receipt of benefits as a single mother is wrongly claiming to be living alone" – as, it claimed, subscription to sports channels would betray a man's presence in the household. In December, the UK’s parliament heard a claim that a subscription to BSkyB was ‘often damaging’, along with alcohol, tobacco and gambling. Conservative MP Alec Shelbrooke was proposing the payments of benefits and tax credits on a "Welfare Cash Card", in the style of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, that could be used to buy only "essentials". | Where could people watch sports? | [
"Sky TV"
] | [
108
] | [
"305f594c97092c3590f5d8fd248996869a64bbe1"
] | [
"Sky_(United_Kingdom)"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-3.716796875,
-5.671875,
-8.71875,
-7.63671875,
-7.3984375,
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-4.375,
-5.816... | [
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One theory suggests the name stems from a palatalised version of the Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis, meaning "ocean", "oceanic" or "wide-spreading". (Lake Baikal and ocean were called tenggis by the Mongols. However, it seems that if they had meant to call Genghis tenggis they could have said, and written, "Tenggis Khan", which they did not.) Zhèng (Chinese: 正) meaning "right", "just", or "true", would have received the Mongolian adjectival modifier -s, creating "Jenggis", which in medieval romanization would be written "Genghis". It is likely that the 13th century Mongolian pronunciation would have closely matched "Chinggis". | Based on what Chinese pronunciation was the name Genghis used? | [
"Zhèng"
] | [
348
] | [
"c6b2bb398fc8d5db7c40afdeee6077bd9bdac3ff"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-3.482421875,
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-7.21875,... |
A B cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen. This antigen/antibody complex is taken up by the B cell and processed by proteolysis into peptides. The B cell then displays these antigenic peptides on its surface MHC class II molecules. This combination of MHC and antigen attracts a matching helper T cell, which releases lymphokines and activates the B cell. As the activated B cell then begins to divide, its offspring (plasma cells) secrete millions of copies of the antibody that recognizes this antigen. These antibodies circulate in blood plasma and lymph, bind to pathogens expressing the antigen and mark them for destruction by complement activation or for uptake and destruction by phagocytes. Antibodies can also neutralize challenges directly, by binding to bacterial toxins or by interfering with the receptors that viruses and bacteria use to infect cells. | What happens to all of the copies of the antibody that are produced by a B cell? | [
"circulate in blood plasma and lymph"
] | [
576
] | [
"102553c147c63dcee03f0b29449dde66e15dc4a4"
] | [
"Immune_system"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-2.873046875,
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-8.6171875,
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-7.6640625,
-1.791015625,
-3.03125... | [
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-4.58984375,
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-7.40234375,
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-5... |
On 8 February 2007, BSkyB announced its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels. It was proposed that these channels would offer a range of content from the BSkyB portfolio including sport (including English Premier League Football), films, entertainment and news. The announcement came a day after Setanta Sports confirmed that it would launch in March as a subscription service on the digital terrestrial platform, and on the same day that NTL's services re-branded as Virgin Media. However, industry sources believe BSkyB will be forced to shelve plans to withdraw its channels from Freeview and replace them with subscription channels, due to possible lost advertising revenue. | What happened at the same time NTL's services re-branded as Virgin Media? | [
"BSkyB announced its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels"
] | [
20
] | [
"df21de854159469dc8b173405ed02be7471ae873"
] | [
"Sky_(United_Kingdom)"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-5.41796875,
-6.0625,
-6.578125,
-6.49609375,
-7.53125,
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-7.69921875,
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-8.46875,
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-3.62109375,
-6.76953125,
... | [
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-... |
The negotiations were successfully concluded on 17 February 1546. After 8 a.m., he experienced chest pains. When he went to his bed, he prayed, "Into your hand I commit my spirit; you have redeemed me, O Lord, faithful God" (Ps. 31:5), the common prayer of the dying. At 1 a.m. he awoke with more chest pain and was warmed with hot towels. He thanked God for revealing his Son to him in whom he had believed. His companions, Justus Jonas and Michael Coelius, shouted loudly, "Reverend father, are you ready to die trusting in your Lord Jesus Christ and to confess the doctrine which you have taught in his name?" A distinct "Yes" was Luther's reply. | What did Luther teach? | [
"doctrine"
] | [
568
] | [
"a60097f89bc385a972f71ed6038ab6f113eff02c"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-3.255859375,
-5.95703125,
-8.5,
-6.7265625,
-6.42578125,
-8.6171875,
-8.2890625,
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-5.34375,
-5.09765625,
-7.69140625,
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-8.5234375,
-8.492... | [
-3.48046875,
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-7.13671875... |
Steam engines frequently possess two independent mechanisms for ensuring that the pressure in the boiler does not go too high; one may be adjusted by the user, the second is typically designed as an ultimate fail-safe. Such safety valves traditionally used a simple lever to restrain a plug valve in the top of a boiler. One end of the lever carried a weight or spring that restrained the valve against steam pressure. Early valves could be adjusted by engine drivers, leading to many accidents when a driver fastened the valve down to allow greater steam pressure and more power from the engine. The more recent type of safety valve uses an adjustable spring-loaded valve, which is locked such that operators may not tamper with its adjustment unless a seal illegally is broken. This arrangement is considerably safer.[citation needed] | What part of the boiler can't be adjusted by the user? | [
"safety valves"
] | [
224
] | [
"12ca33b5a12c6b69766be741628971edce2d847d"
] | [
"Steam_engine"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-5.73046875,
-4.109375,
-3.5234375,
-6.140625,
-6.6015625,
-4.7578125,
-7.859375,
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-5.03125,
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-6.65625,
-2.333984375,
-3.82421875,
-5.03515625,
-7.30... | [
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In Germany, teachers are mainly civil servants recruited in special university classes, called Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools (Grundschule), lower secondary schools (Hauptschule), middle level secondary schools (Realschule) and higher level secondary schools (Gymnasium). Salaries for teachers depend on the civil servants' salary index scale (Bundesbesoldungsordnung). | what are salary scale also called | [
"Bundesbesoldungsordnung"
] | [
429
] | [
"d6c80dc356bd5bb0d40fd6a63a2d6b7d309d626c"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-6.06640625,
-7.05859375,
-8.921875,
-4.91796875,
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-5.9375,
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-8.765625,
-6.125,
-3.011718... | [
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-9.421875,
-8.21875,
-7.30078125,
-4.125,
-6.1015625,
-8.71875,
-8.16406... |
It is a logical extension of the compound engine (described above) to split the expansion into yet more stages to increase efficiency. The result is the multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines respectively. These engines use a series of cylinders of progressively increasing diameter. These cylinders are designed to divide the work into equal shares for each expansion stage. As with the double expansion engine, if space is at a premium, then two smaller cylinders may be used for the low-pressure stage. Multiple expansion engines typically had the cylinders arranged inline, but various other formations were used. In the late 19th century, the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing 'system' was used on some marine triple expansion engines. Y-S-T engines divided the low-pressure expansion stages between two cylinders, one at each end of the engine. This allowed the crankshaft to be better balanced, resulting in a smoother, faster-responding engine which ran with less vibration. This made the 4-cylinder triple-expansion engine popular with large passenger liners (such as the Olympic class), but this was ultimately replaced by the virtually vibration-free turbine engine.[citation needed] | What is the logical extension of a compound engine? | [
"split the expansion into yet more stages to increase efficiency"
] | [
70
] | [
"200c2a867681b98bb548b957a44db2df7baecbae"
] | [
"Steam_engine"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-4.328125,
-2.376953125,
-8.8828125,
-7.83203125,
-6.265625,
-7.58984375,
-9.0390625,
-8.265625,
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-9.46875,
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-8.0859375,
-6.87109375,
-5.52734375,
-0.5234375,
-6.69921875,
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... |
According to economists David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms economic growth. High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth. Unemployment can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem promoting social dislocation, unrest and conflict. Policies aiming at controlling unemployment and in particular at reducing its inequality-associated effects support economic growth. | What promotes unrest? | [
"Unemployment"
] | [
241
] | [
"9e95792942f14168e2508d89163d17c7834684de"
] | [
"Economic_inequality"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-5.3984375,
-5.1875,
-7.9296875,
-8.25,
-9.3125,
-8,
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-6.515625,
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-8.2109375,
-8.21875,
-6.6015625,
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-8.46875,
-6.40234375,
-6.6953125,
-7.83203125,
-8.109375,
-7.05078125,
1.0107421875... | [
-5.42578125,
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-8.3125,
-8,
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-7.81640625,
-8.2734375,
-8.8046875,
-4.25390625,
-7.10546875,
-4.1875,
... |
The "West Side" of Fresno, also often called "Southwest Fresno", is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city. The neighborhood lies southwest of the 99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown Fresno), west of the 41 freeway and south of Nielsen Ave (or the newly constructed 180 Freeway), and extends to the city limits to the west and south. The neighborhood is traditionally considered to be the center of Fresno's African-American community. It is culturally diverse and also includes significant Mexican-American and Asian-American (principally Hmong or Laotian) populations. | Why is the west side also called southwest Fresno? | [
"southwest of the 99 freeway"
] | [
135
] | [
"3f2250e06d77aa2e1e31bca81866b6514759bf3d"
] | [
"Fresno,_California"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-6.90234375,
-7.51171875,
-8.3203125,
-6.1328125,
-6.74609375,
-8.921875,
-7.94140625,
-7.66015625,
-5.92578125,
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-6.31640625,
-6.296875,
-4.484375,
-7.1796875,
-4.7578125,
-4.34765625,
... | [
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-9.046875,
-4.078125,
-6.65234375,
-8.9609375,
-7.78125,
-9.078125,
-9.17... |
Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land. Within labor income distribution is due to differences in value added by different classifications of workers. In this perspective, wages and profits are determined by the marginal value added of each economic actor (worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord). Thus, in a market economy, inequality is a reflection of the productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions. | Where does this theory originate from? | [
"Neoclassical economics"
] | [
0
] | [
"90859beb7e7211461504cc04b3869e4b7d4fe8a2"
] | [
"Economic_inequality"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-4.05859375,
-5.53125,
-8.3671875,
-7,
-7.05078125,
-7.35546875,
-7.3515625,
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-4.4140625,
-5.39453125,
-4.63671875,
-2.984375,
-7.38671875,
-2.587890625,
-3.474... | [
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-7.80859375,
-4.6015625,
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0.34228515625,
-5.25,
... |
Deke Slayton, the grounded Mercury astronaut who became Director of Flight Crew Operations for the Gemini and Apollo programs, selected the first Apollo crew in January 1966, with Grissom as Command Pilot, White as Senior Pilot, and rookie Donn F. Eisele as Pilot. But Eisele dislocated his shoulder twice aboard the KC135 weightlessness training aircraft, and had to undergo surgery on January 27. Slayton replaced him with Chaffee. NASA announced the final crew selection for AS-204 on March 21, 1966, with the backup crew consisting of Gemini veterans James McDivitt and David Scott, with rookie Russell L. "Rusty" Schweickart. Mercury/Gemini veteran Wally Schirra, Eisele, and rookie Walter Cunningham were announced on September 29 as the prime crew for AS-205. | Who was initally chosen for both the initial Apollo crew and the prime crew? | [
"Eisele"
] | [
669
] | [
"f71c8837c060629bf80d8a843031c0b98be1f306"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-2.951171875,
-7.26953125,
-8.640625,
-6.9765625,
-8.15625,
-9.046875,
-8.328125,
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-2.90625,
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... | [
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-8.3984375,
-7.546875,
-5.125,
-3.646484375,
-5.671875,
-5.71484375,
2.28... |
Kenya is a presidential representative democratic republic. The President is both the head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly and the Senate. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. There was growing concern especially during former president Daniel arap Moi's tenure that the executive was increasingly meddling with the affairs of the judiciary.[citation needed] | Other than the government and National Assembly who has legislative power? | [
"the Senate"
] | [
282
] | [
"0a9709c86bacdac99a0f2d16876615f4ab538d68"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-4.60546875,
-7.8671875,
-8.3203125,
-2.517578125,
-3.416015625,
-8.4609375,
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-3.451171875,
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-5.95703125,
-5.7734375,
-6.46484375,
... | [
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-5.828125,
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-2.455078125,
-3.572265625,
-... |
Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics. During the Oligocene, for example, the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band. It expanded again during the Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum. However, the rainforest still managed to thrive during these glacial periods, allowing for the survival and evolution of a broad diversity of species. | According to the article, what kind of biome allowed for the growth and diversification of a lot of different types of creatures? | [
"rainforest"
] | [
572
] | [
"380400a8faa119f9cc86d363bbcee5e168e44931"
] | [
"Amazon_rainforest"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-1.7880859375,
-6.078125,
-8.4921875,
-6.70703125,
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In a report, published in early February 2007 by the Ear Institute at the University College London, and Widex, a Danish hearing aid manufacturer, Newcastle was named as the noisiest city in the whole of the UK, with an average level of 80.4 decibels. The report claimed that these noise levels would have a negative long-term impact on the health of the city's residents. The report was criticized, however, for attaching too much weight to readings at arbitrarily selected locations, which in Newcastle's case included a motorway underpass without pedestrian access. | Who were those people working in Widex? | [
"Danish"
] | [
114
] | [
"e5b51125b2117bb50adfd971725d7ec0dcdb5977"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
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There are many forms of spiritual or religious teachers in Christianity, across all three major traditions - (Roman) Catholic, (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant/Non-Denominational, with a stronger tradition of spiritual formation in the more historic and authoritarian/hierarchical Christian traditions with a long tradition of "discernment of spirits", of vocations, and other aspects of spiritual life, especially the Roman and Orthodox Catholic Churches. These positions include: the honoured but informal position of starets or elder - a man (or, less often, woman), often a monastic, considered to be graced by God with certain gifts for the guidance of souls and the detection and correction of prelest (spiritual pride or deception) - who acts as a spiritual guide or father in the Orthodox Catholic tradition, especially Russian Orthodoxy (see Optina Monastery, which had a long line of said starets); the Priest or Confessor in Roman Catholicism, who is often a man in Holy Orders but may be a monastic or other person respected for his spiritual accomplishments or acumen (even the Pope of Rome has a Confessor, who is not always a bishop, and, due to the hierarchical structure of the Roman Church, can not be his equal in authority), which is often a semi-official to official position, as opposed to the unofficial positions of spiritual guides in the Orthodox Catholic and Protestant traditions; and the almost-exclusively informal arrangements (generally formal only in members who are under some form of church discipline) of mentorship (both of adults and children, in the latter case often a youth pastor) in the Protestant and Non-Denominational traditions, which boundaries can be blurred with the more typically Roman "confessor" position in some of the more historic and conservative Reformation Churches, such as some of the Lutheran and Anglican. In keeping with the individualistic nature of most Protestant denominations, the emphasis on being guided in spiritual development is small, with a heavy emphasis placed on heavy reading and personal, Spirit-enlightened interpretation of the Holy Bible. | What's a characteristic of practicing Protestantism? | [
"heavy reading and personal, Spirit-enlightened interpretation of the Holy Bible"
] | [
2054
] | [
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