context stringlengths 157 4.06k | question stringlengths 12 197 | answers.text list | answers.answer_start list | feat_id list | feat_title list | start_logits list | end_logits list |
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The original logo used for the First Doctor (and briefly for the Second Doctor) was reused in a slightly modified format for the 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor" during the Eleventh Doctor's run. The logo used in the television movie featuring the Eighth Doctor was an updated version of the logo used fo... | What logo is used for all merchandise that features past Doctors? | [
"the Third and Eighth Doctors",
"the logo used for the Third and Eighth Doctors",
"the logo used for the Third and Eighth Doctors"
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A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fußach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta. The Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake. Its wat... | What was diverted and now flows parallel to the Rhine? | [
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The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr. on the Denver 35-yard line on their second offensive play. But the Broncos defense halted the drive on the 26-yard line, and it ended with no points when Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 4... | What kicker was successful on a 33-yard field goal? | [
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The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols, and had nothing to do with their ethnicity. The earlier they surrendered to the Mongols, the higher they were placed, the more the held out, the lower they were ranked. The Nort... | Why were Northern Chinese ranked higher? | [
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CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S., and charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halfti... | What was the cost for a half minute ad? | [
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Oxygen gas can also be produced through electrolysis of water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen. DC electricity must be used: if AC is used, the gases in each limb consist of hydrogen and oxygen in the explosive ratio 2:1. Contrary to popular belief, the 2:1 ratio observed in the DC electrolysis of acidified water doe... | What other catalysts can be used to produce oxygen? | [
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Free oxygen gas was almost nonexistent in Earth's atmosphere before photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolved, probably about 3.5 billion years ago. Free oxygen first appeared in significant quantities during the Paleoproterozoic eon (between 3.0 and 2.3 billion years ago). For the first billion years, any free oxyge... | During which eon did free oxygen begin appearing in quantity? | [
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In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies: the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America (RCA), which owned two radio networks that each ran d... | What kind of markets did NBC Red serve? | [
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The Apollo program succeeded in achieving its goal of manned lunar landing, despite the major setback of a 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew during a prelaunch test. After the first landing, sufficient flight hardware remained for nine follow-on landings with a plan for extended lunar geological and ... | What forced the cancellations of three future landings? | [
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Tesla worked every day from 9:00 a.m. until 6:00 p.m. or later, with dinner from exactly 8:10 p.m., at Delmonico's restaurant and later the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. Tesla would telephone his dinner order to the headwaiter, who also could be the only one to serve him. "The meal was required to be ready at eight o'clock ..... | At what time did Tesla get dinner? | [
"8:10 p.m",
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These kinds of programs presented ABC with an image of the "philosophy of counterprogramming against its competitors", offering a strong lineup of programs that contrasted with those seen on its rival networks, which helped Goldenson give the network a continuum between film and television. ABC's western series (as wel... | What magazine criticized ABC's programming strategy in May 1961? | [
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On June 4, 2014, the NFL announced that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals, a practice established at Super Bowl V, would be temporarily suspended, and that the game would be named using Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated ... | What is the Roman numeral for 50? | [
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Many locals and tourists frequent the southern California coast for its popular beaches, and the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces. | What is the name of the desert city? | [
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112
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In July 1973, as part of its outreach programme to young people, the V&A became the first museum in Britain to present a rock concert. The V&A presented a combined concert/lecture by British progressive folk-rock band Gryphon, who explored the lineage of mediaeval music and instrumentation and related how those contrib... | Which musical genre did the progressive folk-rock band Gryphon presented at a concert/lecture at the V&A? | [
"mediaeval",
"mediaeval music",
"explored the lineage of mediaeval music and instrumentation and related how those contributed to contemporary music 500 years later"
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Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume (see World's busiest airports by passenger traffic) and the third by international passenger volume (see Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic); San Di... | What is the second busiest airport in the United States? | [
"Los Angeles International Airport",
"Los Angeles International Airport",
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Alternatively, glucose monomers in the chloroplast can be linked together to make starch, which accumulates into the starch grains found in the chloroplast. Under conditions such as high atmospheric CO2 concentrations, these starch grains may grow very large, distorting the grana and thylakoids. The starch granules dis... | What happens when starch grains become overly large? | [
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The original logo used for the First Doctor (and briefly for the Second Doctor) was reused in a slightly modified format for the 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor" during the Eleventh Doctor's run. The logo used in the television movie featuring the Eighth Doctor was an updated version of the logo used fo... | What logo was modified and reused for the 50th Anniversary special? | [
"The original logo",
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0,
0
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Harvard operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums. The Harvard Art Museums comprises three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum includes collections of ancient, Asian, Islamic and later Indian art, the Busch-Reisinger Museum, formerly the Germanic Museum, covers central and northern European art, and the... | How many museums comprise Harvard Art Museums? | [
"three",
"three",
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The term "imperialism" is often conflated with "colonialism", however many scholars have argued that each have their own distinct definition. Imperialism and colonialism have been used in order to describe one's superiority, domination and influence upon a person or group of people. Robert Young writes that while imper... | Imperialism is confused with what other term? | [
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48
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As opposed to broadcasts of primetime series, CBS broadcast special episodes of its late night talk shows as its lead-out programs for Super Bowl 50, beginning with a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert following the game. Following a break for late local programming, CBS also aired a special episode ... | What CBS show followed the Super Bowl? | [
"Late Show with Stephen Colbert",
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"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert"
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Development of the fertilized eggs is direct, in other words there is no distinctive larval form, and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults. In the genus Beroe the juveniles, like the adults, lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths. In most species the juveniles gradually develop the body for... | When do juvenile develop into adults? | [
"after dropping to the sea-floor",
"after dropping to the sea-floor",
"after dropping to the sea-floor"
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NASA awarded all 32 of these astronauts its highest honor, the Distinguished Service Medal, given for "distinguished service, ability, or courage", and personal "contribution representing substantial progress to the NASA mission". The medals were awarded posthumously to Grissom, White, and Chaffee in 1969, then to the ... | How many astronauts visited space on missions and were rewarded for their efforts? | [
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The judicial branch of the EU has played an important role in the development of EU law, by assuming the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration. Today the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is the main judicial body, within which there is a higher European Cour... | What is the main judicial body of the EU? | [
"the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)",
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The first historical reference to Warsaw dates back to the year 1313, at a time when Kraków served as the Polish capital city. Due to its central location between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's capitals of Kraków and Vilnius, Warsaw became the capital of the Commonwealth and of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ... | Why did Warsaw gain the title of the "Phoenix City"? | [
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To remedy the causes of the fire, changes were made in the Block II spacecraft and operational procedures, the most important of which were use of a nitrogen/oxygen mixture instead of pure oxygen before and during launch, and removal of flammable cabin and space suit materials. The Block II design already called for re... | What type of mixture was created to replace the pure oxygen atmosphere inside the cabin? | [
"nitrogen/oxygen mixture",
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Well represented in the collection is Meissen porcelain, from the first factory in Europe to discover the Chinese method of making porcelain. Among the finest examples are the Meissen Vulture from 1731 and the Möllendorff Dinner Service, designed in 1762 by Frederick II the Great. Ceramics from the Manufacture national... | In which year was Möllendorff Dinner Service designed? | [
"1762",
"1762",
"1762"
] | [
250,
250,
250
] | [
"5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6",
"5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6",
"5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6"
] | [
"Victoria_and_Albert_Museum",
"Victoria_and_Albert_Museum",
"Victoria_and_Albert_Museum"
] | [
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At present, the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam. The river IJssel branch flows to the north and enters the IJsselmeer, formerly the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon; however, since 1932, a freshwater lake. The discharge of the Rhine is divided among... | Where do the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to? | [
"North Sea",
"North Sea",
"North Sea",
"North Sea"
] | [
65,
65,
65,
65
] | [
"5730069004bcaa1900d7702d",
"5730069004bcaa1900d7702d",
"5730069004bcaa1900d7702d",
"5730069004bcaa1900d7702d"
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"Rhine",
"Rhine",
"Rhine",
"Rhine"
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Courts have distinguished between two types of civil disobedience: "Indirect civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law by breaking that law." During the Vietnam War, courts typically re... | What type of defense is sometimes used in court by protestors? | [
"competing harms defense",
"necessity",
"necessity defense",
"necessity defense"
] | [
1035,
506,
506,
506
] | [
"5728fc9e1d04691400778f14",
"5728fc9e1d04691400778f14",
"5728fc9e1d04691400778f14",
"5728fc9e1d04691400778f14"
] | [
"Civil_disobedience",
"Civil_disobedience",
"Civil_disobedience",
"Civil_disobedience"
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Plastoglobuli were once thought to be free-floating in the stroma, but it is now thought that they are permanently attached either to a thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus attached to a thylakoid, a configuration that allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with the thylakoid network. In normal green chloro... | What are Plastoglobuli attached to? | [
"a thylakoid",
"either to a thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus attached to a thylakoid",
"thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus attached to a thylakoid"
] | [
134,
124,
136
] | [
"57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb",
"57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb",
"57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb"
] | [
"Chloroplast",
"Chloroplast",
"Chloroplast"
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Since September 2004, the official home of the Scottish Parliament has been a new Scottish Parliament Building, in the Holyrood area of Edinburgh. The Scottish Parliament building was designed by Spanish architect Enric Miralles in partnership with local Edinburgh Architecture firm RMJM which was led by Design Principa... | What nationality is the architect Enric Miralles? | [
"Spanish",
"Spanish",
"Spanish"
] | [
196,
196,
196
] | [
"572faec7b2c2fd1400568335",
"572faec7b2c2fd1400568335",
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] | [
"Scottish_Parliament",
"Scottish_Parliament",
"Scottish_Parliament"
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In the United States, the game was televised by CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the sidelines. CBS introduced new features during the telecas... | Who were the Super Bowl 50 sideline announcers? | [
"Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn",
"Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn",
"Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn"
] | [
224,
224,
224
] | [
"56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742",
"56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742",
"56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50",
"Super_Bowl_50",
"Super_Bowl_50"
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According to the same statistics, the average age of people living in Newcastle is 37.8 (the national average being 38.6). Many people in the city have Scottish or Irish ancestors. There is a strong presence of Border Reiver surnames, such as Armstrong, Charlton, Elliot, Johnstone, Kerr, Hall, Nixon, Little and Robson.... | What is the average age of people who live in Newcastle? | [
"37.8",
"37.8",
"37.8"
] | [
83,
83,
83
] | [
"57267a94f1498d1400e8e122",
"57267a94f1498d1400e8e122",
"57267a94f1498d1400e8e122"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne",
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne",
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
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Sizeable minorities of other faiths do exist (Muslim 11.2%, indigenous beliefs 1.7%), and nonreligious 2.4%. Sixty percent of the Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region, comprising 50% of the total population there. Roughly 4% of Muslims are Ahmadiyya, 8% Shia and another 8% are non-denominational Muslims, w... | What religion is the western region mostly? | [
"Christian",
"mostly Christian",
"mostly Christian"
] | [
385,
378,
378
] | [
"57292449af94a219006aa0df",
"57292449af94a219006aa0df",
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"Kenya",
"Kenya",
"Kenya"
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Ctenophores may be abundant during the summer months in some coastal locations, but in other places they are uncommon and difficult to find. In bays where they occur in very high numbers, predation by ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic organisms such as copepods, which might otherwise wipe o... | What was done to counteract the overpopulation of mnemiopsis in The Black Sea? | [
"accidental introduction of Beroe",
"introduction of Beroe"
] | [
794,
805
] | [
"5726431d271a42140099d7f9",
"5726431d271a42140099d7f9"
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"Ctenophora"
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BSkyB's digital service was officially launched on 1 October 1998 under the name Sky Digital, although small-scale tests were carried out before then. At this time the use of the Sky Digital brand made an important distinction between the new service and Sky's analogue services. Key selling points were the improvement ... | Within the 30 days how many digiboxes had been sold? | [
"over 100,000",
"100,000",
"100,000"
] | [
557,
562,
562
] | [
"57097051ed30961900e84136",
"57097051ed30961900e84136",
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"Sky_(United_Kingdom)"
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On the other hand, higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-employment). However, most of it is often based on necessity rather than opportunity. Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs such as income for food and shelter ("push" motivatio... | What is the increased rates of self-employment based on? | [
"necessity rather than opportunity",
"necessity"
] | [
168,
168
] | [
"5729de24af94a219006aa68a",
"5729de24af94a219006aa68a"
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"Economic_inequality",
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In 1893, George Westinghouse won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars. This World's Fair devoted a building to electrical exhibits. It was a key event in the history of AC power, as Westinghouse demonstrated... | In 1893, who won the bid to light the World's Columbian Exposition? | [
"George Westinghouse",
"George Westinghouse",
"George Westinghouse"
] | [
9,
9,
9
] | [
"56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd",
"56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd",
"56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd"
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"Nikola_Tesla",
"Nikola_Tesla",
"Nikola_Tesla"
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On the other hand, in the late 1980s the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov via the ballast tanks of ships, and has been blamed for causing sharp drops in fish catches by eating both fish larvae and small crustaceans that would otherwise feed the... | How does cooling of the local environment affect the mnemiopsis? | [
"slowed the animal's metabolism",
"significantly slowed the animal's metabolism",
"significantly slowed the animal's metabolism"
] | [
1097,
1083,
1083
] | [
"57268c01dd62a815002e8916",
"57268c01dd62a815002e8916",
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"Ctenophora",
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"Ctenophora"
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In the 1960s, a series of discoveries, the most important of which was seafloor spreading, showed that the Earth's lithosphere, which includes the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle, is separated into a number of tectonic plates that move across the plastically deforming, solid, upper mantle, which i... | What was the most important discovery that led to the understanding that Earth's lithosphere is separated into tectonic plates? | [
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All of ABC's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates have had their own facilities and studios, but transverse entities have been created to produce national programming. As a result, television series were produced by ABC Circle Films beginning in 1962 and by Touchstone Television beginning in 1985, before Touchsto... | What entity was Touchstone Television reorganized into in 2007? | [
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Tesla claimed to have developed his own physical principle regarding matter and energy that he started working on in 1892, and in 1937, at age 81, claimed in a letter to have completed a "dynamic theory of gravity" that "[would] put an end to idle speculations and false conceptions, as that of curved space." He stated ... | What shape of space did Tesla consider a "false conception"? | [
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Education in Australia is primarily the responsibility of the individual states and territories. Generally, education in Australia follows the three-tier model which includes primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (secondary schools/high schools) and tertiary education (universities and/or... | What is tertiary education? | [
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Other evidence of the Walloons and Huguenots in Canterbury includes a block of houses in Turnagain Lane, where weavers' windows survive on the top floor, as many Huguenots worked as weavers. The Weavers, a half-timbered house by the river, was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830. (It h... | What other English towns were sites of Huguenot settlement? | [
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The rocks collected from the Moon are extremely old compared to rocks found on Earth, as measured by radiometric dating techniques. They range in age from about 3.2 billion years for the basaltic samples derived from the lunar maria, to about 4.6 billion years for samples derived from the highlands crust. As such, they... | How old were some of the oldest rock samples found on the moon? | [
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Well represented in the collection is Meissen porcelain, from the first factory in Europe to discover the Chinese method of making porcelain. Among the finest examples are the Meissen Vulture from 1731 and the Möllendorff Dinner Service, designed in 1762 by Frederick II the Great. Ceramics from the Manufacture national... | In which year was the Salting Bequest made? | [
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But even after NASA reached internal agreement, it was far from smooth sailing. Kennedy's science advisor Jerome Wiesner, who had expressed his opposition to manned spaceflight to Kennedy before the President took office, and had opposed the decision to land men on the Moon, hired Golovin, who had left NASA, to chair h... | When was the announcement for the LOR made after being delayed? | [
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In the laboratory, biostratigraphers analyze rock samples from outcrop and drill cores for the fossils found in them. These fossils help scientists to date the core and to understand the depositional environment in which the rock units formed. Geochronologists precisely date rocks within the stratigraphic section in or... | What types of scientists looks for signs of magnetic reversals in igneous rocks within the drill cores? | [
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In 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan by running away to Tomingaj, near Gračac. There, he explored the mountains in hunter's garb. Tesla said that this contact with nature made him stronger, both physically and mentally. He read many books while in Tomingaj, and later said that M... | Why did Tesla avoid by fleeing Smiljan? | [
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A consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has had some success in helping farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties, instead of maize, in particularly dry areas. Pigeon peas are very drought resistant, so can be grown in areas with less than 650 mm annual rainfall. S... | What has the increase of prices caused? | [
"enabling some farmers to buy assets",
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When Yesün Temür died in Shangdu in 1328, Tugh Temür was recalled to Khanbaliq by the Qipchaq commander El Temür. He was installed as the emperor (Emperor Wenzong) in Khanbaliq, while Yesün Temür's son Ragibagh succeeded to the throne in Shangdu with the support of Yesün Temür's favorite retainer Dawlat Shah. Gaining s... | Who was thought to have killed Tugh Temur? | [
"El Temür",
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In 1939, c. 1,300,000 people lived in Warsaw, but in 1945 – only 420,000. During the first years after the war, the population growth was c. 6%, so shortly the city started to suffer from the lack of flats and of areas for new houses. The first remedial measure was the Warsaw area enlargement (1951) – but the city auth... | What conviction did many Poles have regarding how the Varsovians thought of themselves? | [
"as better",
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715,
693,
718
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The crisis had a major impact on international relations and created a rift within NATO. Some European nations and Japan sought to disassociate themselves from United States foreign policy in the Middle East to avoid being targeted by the boycott. Arab oil producers linked any future policy changes to peace between the... | How did the Nixon administration negotiate with the uncooperative countries? | [
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Subordinate to the General Conference are the jurisdictional and central conferences which also meet every four years. The United States is divided into five jurisdictions: Northeastern, Southeastern, North Central, South Central and Western. Outside the United States the church is divided into seven central conference... | How many central conferences are outside of the United States? | [
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Inflammation is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection. The symptoms of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are caused by increased blood flow into tissue. Inflammation is produced by eicosanoids and cytokines, which are released by injured or infected cells. Eicosanoids incl... | What compounds are released by injured or infected cells, triggering inflammation? | [
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Like sponges and cnidarians, ctenophores have two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea in cnidarians and ctenophores; more complex animals have three main cell layers and no intermediate jelly-like layer. Hence ctenophores and cnidarians have traditional... | What is the jelly-like susbtance called? | [
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Various gold-themed promotions and initiatives were held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the "Golden Super Bowl"; gold-tinted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties and painted on fields, the numbering of the 50-yard line on fields was colored gold, and beginning on week 7, all sideline jackets a... | What color was featured in promotions related to Super Bowl 50? | [
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Pope Leo X was used to reformers and heretics, and he responded slowly, "with great care as is proper." Over the next three years he deployed a series of papal theologians and envoys against Luther, which served only to harden the reformer's anti-papal theology. First, the Dominican theologian Sylvester Mazzolini draft... | What were the papal legate's orders from the Pope? | [
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Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] s... | After the Peterloo massacre what poet wrote The Massacre of Anarchy? | [
"Percy Shelley",
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Microorganisms or toxins that successfully enter an organism encounter the cells and mechanisms of the innate immune system. The innate response is usually triggered when microbes are identified by pattern recognition receptors, which recognize components that are conserved among broad groups of microorganisms, or when... | Pattern recognition receptors recognize components present in broad groups of what? | [
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The central garden was redesigned by Kim Wilkie and opened as the John Madejski Garden, on 5 July 2005. The design is a subtle blend of the traditional and modern, the layout is formal; there is an elliptical water feature lined in stone with steps around the edge which may be drained to use the area for receptions, ga... | Who redesigned the central garden? | [
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Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms compounds (notably oxides) with most elements. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hy... | The atomic number of the periodic table for oxygen? | [
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European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of membe... | Which two courts apply European Union law? | [
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In 1973, Nixon named William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office, a short-term organization created to coordinate the response to the embargo. Simon allocated states the same amount of domestic oil for 1974 that each had consumed in 1972, which worked for states whose populations were not i... | Why was this short termed organization created? | [
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The interiors of the three refreshment rooms were assigned to different designers. The Green Dining Room 1866–68 was the work of Philip Webb and William Morris, and displays Elizabethan influences. The lower part of the walls are panelled in wood with a band of paintings depicting fruit and the occasional figure, with ... | Who was responsible for the decorations of the Grill Room? | [
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The Victorian Alps in the northeast are the coldest part of Victoria. The Alps are part of the Great Dividing Range mountain system extending east-west through the centre of Victoria. Average temperatures are less than 9 °C (48 °F) in winter and below 0 °C (32 °F) in the highest parts of the ranges. The state's lowest ... | Of what mountain system are the Victorian Alps a part? | [
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Ranging from about 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) in size, ctenophores are the largest non-colonial animals that use cilia ("hairs") as their main method of locomotion. Most species have eight strips, called comb rows, that run the length of their bodies and bear comb-like bands of cilia, called "ctenes... | What are cilia used for? | [
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Uniflow engines attempt to remedy the difficulties arising from the usual counterflow cycle where, during each stroke, the port and the cylinder walls will be cooled by the passing exhaust steam, whilst the hotter incoming admission steam will waste some of its energy in restoring working temperature. The aim of the un... | What part is added to the uniflow engine to resolve the issue in the counterflow cycle? | [
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The 2007 Lisbon Treaty explicitly recognised fundamental rights by providing in Article 6(1) that "The Union recognises the rights, freedoms and principles set out in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union of 7 December 2000, as adopted at Strasbourg on 12 December 2007, which shall have the same legal... | When was the Lisbon Treaty established? | [
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Stage 1 is the first, or introductory stage of the bill, where the minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament together with its accompanying documents – Explanatory Notes, a Policy Memorandum setting out the policy underlying the bill, and a Financial Memorandum setting out the co... | What is stage 1 in the life of a bill? | [
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The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism ... | Who called for an agency to be created to be solely focused at undermining the Islamism ideology? | [
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The simplest valve gears give events of fixed length during the engine cycle and often make the engine rotate in only one direction. Most however have a reversing mechanism which additionally can provide means for saving steam as speed and momentum are gained by gradually "shortening the cutoff" or rather, shortening t... | What is another term for shortening the admission event? | [
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Tesla went on to pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution in his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs, and made early (1893) pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices. He tried to put these ideas to practical use in ... | When did he first mention wireless communication? | [
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The Romans kept eight legions in five bases along the Rhine. The actual number of legions present at any base or in all, depended on whether a state or threat of war existed. Between about AD 14 and 180, the assignment of legions was as follows: for the army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germa... | How many legions in five bases were along the Rhine by the Romans? | [
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A method to lessen the magnitude of this heating and cooling was invented in 1804 by British engineer Arthur Woolf, who patented his Woolf high-pressure compound engine in 1805. In the compound engine, high-pressure steam from the boiler expands in a high-pressure (HP) cylinder and then enters one or more subsequent lo... | Who patented a high-pressure compound engine in 1805? | [
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Politically, the system of government created by Kublai Khan was the product of a compromise between Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system. Nevertheless, socially the educated Chinese elite were in general not given the degree of esteem that they had been accorded pr... | Who were the Semuren? | [
"allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire",
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The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20–18, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt wit... | Who won Super Bowl XLIX? | [
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In early 2012, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl "spectacular" and that it would be "an important game for us as a league". | When did he make the quoted remarks about Super Bowl 50? | [
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Ergänzungsschulen are secondary or post-secondary (non-tertiary) schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or rarely, religious groups and offer a type of education which is not available at public schools. Most of these schools are vocational schools. However, these vocational schools are no... | What are private secondary schools in Germany called? | [
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Since the creation of the Doctor Who character by BBC Television in the early 1960s, a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who, in different media: apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced by the BBC, there have also been novels, comics, short stories, audio books, radio pla... | Who does not take a position on the canonicity of Doctor Who stories by other media? | [
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Following the utilitarian principle of seeking the greatest good for the greatest number – economic inequality is problematic. A house that provides less utility to a millionaire as a summer home than it would to a homeless family of five, is an example of reduced "distributive efficiency" within society, that decrease... | What the marginal utility of wealth per income per person do as that person becomes richer? | [
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Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament. The Scottish Parliament is unable to legislate on such issues that are reserved to, and dealt with at, Westminster (and where Ministerial functions usually lie with UK Government ministers). These include abortion, bro... | Where are issues like abortion and drug policy legislated on? | [
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Newton's Third Law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects. The third law means that all forces are interactions between different bodies,[Note 3] and thus that there is no such thing as a unidirectional force or a force that acts on only one bo... | What is the equality of forces between two objects exerting force on each other?? | [
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One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President... | What was the premise of Woodrow Wilson's inquiry? | [
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The Central Region, consisting of present-day Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, the south-eastern part of present-day Inner Mongolia and the Henan areas to the north of the Yellow River, was considered the most important region of the dynasty and directly governed by the Central Secretariat (or Zhongshu Sheng) at Khanbaliq (mod... | What modern city did Khanbaliq become? | [
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The first attempts to internationalize the ABC television network date back to the 1950s, after Leonard Goldenson, following the United Paramount Theatres model, tried to use on ABC the same strategies he had made in expanding UPT's theater operation to the international market. Leonard Goldenson said that ABC's first ... | What country did ABC expand in to in the mid-1960s? | [
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The rapid Anglo-Norman conquest proved more important than it seemed. The island occupied a key strategic position on the maritime lanes to the Holy Land, whose occupation by the Christians could not continue without support from the sea. Shortly after the conquest, Cyprus was sold to the Knights Templar and it was sub... | What group bought Cyprus after the Norman conquest? | [
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The G mission was achieved on Apollo 11 in July 1969 by an all-Gemini veteran crew consisting of Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin. Armstrong and Aldrin performed the first landing at the Sea of Tranquility at 20:17:40 UTC on July 20, 1969. They spent a total of 21 hours, 36 minutes on the surface, and sp... | Who were the astronauts aboard the Apollo 11 mission? | [
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Tesla was asocial and prone to seclude himself with his work. However, when he did engage in a social life, many people spoke very positively and admiringly of Tesla. Robert Underwood Johnson described him as attaining a "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, generosity, and force." His loyal secreta... | What was Julian Hawthorne's relation to Tesla? | [
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At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese and Khitans from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population in Bukhara in Central Asia, using foreigners to curtail the power of the local peoples of both lands. Han Chines... | Who was made Governor of Samarqand? | [
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1226
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"572883a33acd2414000dfa7d",
"572883a33acd2414000dfa7d",
"572883a33acd2414000dfa7d"
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"Yuan_dynasty",
"Yuan_dynasty",
"Yuan_dynasty"
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Luther next set about reversing or modifying the new church practices. By working alongside the authorities to restore public order, he signalled his reinvention as a conservative force within the Reformation. After banishing the Zwickau prophets, he now faced a battle against not only the established Church but also t... | Who did Luther banish? | [
"Zwickau prophets",
"Zwickau prophets",
"Zwickau prophets"
] | [
230,
230,
230
] | [
"56f84b68aef2371900625fa9",
"56f84b68aef2371900625fa9",
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"Martin_Luther",
"Martin_Luther",
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Despite being relatively unaffected by the embargo, the UK nonetheless faced an oil crisis of its own - a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers over the winter of 1973–74 became a major factor in the change of government. Heath asked the British to heat only one room in their houses over the winter. The... | Name one country that banned boating, driving and flying on Sundays. | [
"Italy",
"Norway",
"Germany",
"Germany"
] | [
334,
357,
325,
325
] | [
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Wealth concentration is a theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities. According to this theory, those who already hold wealth have the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth or to o... | What has the highest impact on wealth accumulation and the resulting income inequality? | [
"wealth condensation",
"greater return of capital",
"wealth condensation"
] | [
423,
648,
423
] | [
"57287c2bff5b5019007da26e",
"57287c2bff5b5019007da26e",
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The Mongol army under Genghis Khan, generals and his sons crossed the Tien Shan mountains by entering the area controlled by the Khwarezmian Empire. After compiling intelligence from many sources Genghis Khan carefully prepared his army, which was divided into three groups. His son Jochi led the first division into the... | How many divisions comprised Genghis Khan's army in Khwarezmia? | [
"three groups",
"three",
"three"
] | [
261,
261,
261
] | [
"5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7",
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Many important complexity classes can be defined by bounding the time or space used by the algorithm. Some important complexity classes of decision problems defined in this manner are the following: | What are two examples of measurements are bound within algorithms to establish complexity classes? | [
"time or space",
"time or space",
"time or space"
] | [
65,
65,
65
] | [
"56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148",
"56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148",
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The dominant explanation for the Black Death is the plague theory, which attributes the outbreak to Yersinia pestis, also responsible for an epidemic that began in southern China in 1865, eventually spreading to India. The investigation of the pathogen that caused the 19th-century plague was begun by teams of scientist... | Who was yersinia pestis named for? | [
"Alexandre Yersin",
"Alexandre Yersin",
"French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin"
] | [
400,
400,
372
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"57264c42dd62a815002e80c8",
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"Black_Death",
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The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, "Super Bowl City" opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero, featuring games and activities that will highlight the Bay Area's technology, culinary creations, and cultural diversity. More than 1 million people a... | Who is the mayor of San Francisco? | [
"Lee",
"Ed Lee",
"Ed Lee",
"Ed Lee",
"Lee",
"Ed Lee"
] | [
422,
419,
419,
419,
422,
419
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"56d7145c0d65d2140019834f",
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In the mid-1960s, corruption scandals began to arise among many of the city's officials, who were mainly elected through the traditional old boy network. After a grand jury was convened to investigate, 11 officials were indicted and more were forced to resign. Jacksonville Consolidation, led by J. J. Daniel and Claude ... | How were most city officials elected in the 1960s? | [
"old boy network",
"the traditional old boy network",
"old boy network"
] | [
137,
121,
137
] | [
"57281d494b864d19001644be",
"57281d494b864d19001644be",
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"Jacksonville,_Florida",
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Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, six gold, four silver and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics. New athletes gained attention, such as Pamela Jelimo, the women's 800m gold medalist who went ahead to win the IAAF Golden League jackpot, and Samuel Wanjiru who w... | Why do these defections occur? | [
"economic or financial factors",
"economic or financial factors",
"economic or financial factors"
] | [
953,
953,
953
] | [
"572928bf6aef051400154af4",
"572928bf6aef051400154af4",
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"Kenya",
"Kenya",
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The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory, allowing for the planning for conquest of Hungary and Europe. Genghis Khan recalled Subutai back to Mongolia soon afterwards, and Jebe died on the road back to Samarkand. The famous cavalry expedition led by Subutai and Jebe, ... | When did Subutai's army return to Mongolia? | [
"1225",
"1225",
"1225"
] | [
681,
681,
681
] | [
"57272bcb5951b619008f8686",
"57272bcb5951b619008f8686",
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"Genghis_Khan",
"Genghis_Khan",
"Genghis_Khan"
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To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area and those planned for Chico, Sacramento, Salinas, and Stockton, the Federal Communications Commission decided that Fresno would only have UHF television stations. The very first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting was ... | Why does Fresno only have UHF television stations? | [
"To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations",
"To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations",
"To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations"
] | [
0,
0,
0
] | [
"5725fb8138643c19005acf3f",
"5725fb8138643c19005acf3f",
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"Fresno,_California",
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