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In computer science, specifically in algorithms related to pathfinding, a heuristic function is said to be admissible if it never overestimates the cost of reaching the goal, i.e. the cost it estimates to reach the goal is not higher than the lowest possible cost from the current point in the path. In other words, it s... | Wikipedia |
This is a list of contributors to the mathematical background for general relativity. For ease of readability, the contributions (in brackets) are unlinked but can be found in the contributors' article. B Luigi Bianchi (Bianchi identities, Bianchi groups, differential geometry) C Élie Cartan (curvature computation, ear... | Wikipedia |
Omega Chi Epsilon (or ΩΧΕ, sometimes simplified to OXE) is an International honor society for chemical engineering students. History The first chapter of Omega Chi Epsilon was formed at the University of Illinois in 1931 by a group of chemical engineering students. These Founders were: F. C. Howard A. Garrell Deem Etha... | Wikipedia |
The distributional learning theory or learning of probability distribution is a framework in computational learning theory. It has been proposed from Michael Kearns, Yishay Mansour, Dana Ron, Ronitt Rubinfeld, Robert Schapire and Linda Sellie in 1994 and it was inspired from the PAC-framework introduced by Leslie Valia... | Wikipedia |
Chiral magnetic effect (CME) is the generation of electric current along an external magnetic field induced by chirality imbalance. Fermions are said to be chiral if they keep a definite projection of spin quantum number on momentum. The CME is a macroscopic quantum phenomenon present in systems with charged chiral fer... | Wikipedia |
In mathematics Lévy's constant (sometimes known as the Khinchin–Lévy constant) occurs in an expression for the asymptotic behaviour of the denominators of the convergents of simple continued fractions. In 1935, the Soviet mathematician Aleksandr Khinchin showed that the denominators qn of the convergents of the continu... | Wikipedia |
The C programming language has a set of functions implementing operations on strings (character strings and byte strings) in its standard library. Various operations, such as copying, concatenation, tokenization and searching are supported. For character strings, the standard library uses the convention that strings ar... | Wikipedia |
In mathematics, an N-topological space is a set equipped with N arbitrary topologies. If τ1, τ2, ..., τN are N topologies defined on a nonempty set X, then the N-topological space is denoted by (X,τ1,τ2,...,τN). For N = 1, the structure is simply a topological space. For N = 2, the structure becomes a bitopological spa... | Wikipedia |
Pieter Adriaan Flach (born 8 April 1961, Sneek) is a Dutch computer scientist and a Professor of Artificial Intelligence in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Bristol. He is author of the acclaimed Simply Logical: Intelligent Reasoning by Example (John Wiley, 1994) and Machine Learning: the Art and... | Wikipedia |
The German Informatics Society (GI) (German: Gesellschaft für Informatik) is a German professional society for computer science, with around 20,000 personal and 250 corporate members. It is the biggest organized representation of its kind in the German-speaking world. History The German Informatics Society was founded ... | Wikipedia |
Secret Invasion is an American television miniseries created by Kyle Bradstreet for the streaming service Disney+, based on the 2008 Marvel Comics storyline of the same name. It is the ninth television series in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) produced by Marvel Studios, sharing continuity with the films of the fra... | Wikipedia |
The Pile is an 886.03 GB diverse, open-source dataset of English text created as a training dataset for large language models (LLMs). It was constructed by EleutherAI in 2020 and publicly released on December 31 of that year. It is composed of 22 smaller datasets, including 14 new ones. Creation Training LLMs requires ... | Wikipedia |
NovoGen is a proprietary form of 3D printing technology that allows scientists to assemble living tissue cells into a desired pattern. When combined with an extracellular matrix, the cells can be arranged into complex structures, such as organs. Designed by Organovo, the NovoGen technology has been successfully integra... | Wikipedia |
The Confederation of European Environmental Engineering Societies (CEEES) was created as a co-operative international organization for information exchange regarding environmental engineering between the various European societies in this field. The CEEES maintains an online public discussion forum for the interchange ... | Wikipedia |
In engineering, the mass transfer coefficient is a diffusion rate constant that relates the mass transfer rate, mass transfer area, and concentration change as driving force: k c = n ˙ A A Δ c A {\displaystyle k_{c}={\frac {{\dot {n}}_{A}}{A\Delta c_{A}}}} Where: k c {\displaystyle k_{c}} is the mass transfer coefficie... | Wikipedia |
A mathemagician is a mathematician who is also a magician. The term "mathemagic" is believed to have been introduced by Royal Vale Heath with his 1933 book "Mathemagic". The name "mathemagician" was probably first applied to Martin Gardner, but has since been used to describe many mathematician/magicians, including Art... | Wikipedia |
Recoil is a rheological phenomenon observed only in non-Newtonian fluids that is characterized by a moving fluid's ability to snap back to a previous position when external forces are removed. Recoil is a result of the fluid's elasticity and memory where the speed and acceleration by which the fluid moves depends on th... | Wikipedia |
Juergen Pirner (born 1956) is the German creator of Jabberwock, a chatterbot that won the 2003 Loebner prize. Pirner created Jabberwock modelling the Jabberwocky from Lewis Carroll's poem of the same name. Initially, Jabberwock would just give rude or fantasy-related answers; but over the years, Pirner has programmed b... | Wikipedia |
A nuclear clock or nuclear optical clock is an atomic clock being developed that will use the energy of a nuclear isomeric transition as its reference frequency, instead of the atomic electron transition energy used by conventional atomic clocks. Such a clock is expected to be more accurate than the best current atomic... | Wikipedia |
Shaft voltage occurs in electric motors and generators due to leakage, induction, or capacitive coupling with the windings of the motor. It can occur in motors powered by variable-frequency drives, as often used in heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. DC machines may have leakage current fr... | Wikipedia |
The history of the programming language Scheme begins with the development of earlier members of the Lisp family of languages during the second half of the twentieth century. During the design and development period of Scheme, language designers Guy L. Steele and Gerald Jay Sussman released an influential series of Mas... | Wikipedia |
In classical mechanics and kinematics, Galileo's law of odd numbers states that the distance covered by a falling object in successive equal time intervals is linearly proportional to the odd numbers. That is, if a body falling from rest covers a certain distance during an arbitrary time interval, it will cover 3, 5, 7... | Wikipedia |
In statistics and research design, an index is a composite statistic – a measure of changes in a representative group of individual data points, or in other words, a compound measure that aggregates multiple indicators. Indices – also known as indexes and composite indicators – summarize and rank specific observations.... | Wikipedia |
Linguamatics, headquartered in Cambridge, England, with offices in the United States and UK, is a provider of text mining systems through software licensing and services, primarily for pharmaceutical and healthcare applications. Founded in 2001, the company was purchased by IQVIA in January 2019. Technology The company... | Wikipedia |
In mathematics and astrophysics, the Strömgren integral, introduced by Bengt Strömgren (1932, p.123) while computing the Rosseland mean opacity, is the integral: 15 4 π 4 ∫ 0 x t 7 e 2 t ( e t − 1 ) 3 d t . {\displaystyle {\frac {15}{4\pi ^{4}}}\int _{0}^{x}{\frac {t^{7}e^{2t}}{(e^{t}-1)^{3}}}\,dt.} Cox (1964) discusse... | Wikipedia |
Mahaney's theorem is a theorem in computational complexity theory proven by Stephen Mahaney that states that if any sparse language is NP-complete, then P = NP. Also, if any sparse language is NP-complete with respect to Turing reductions, then the polynomial-time hierarchy collapses to Δ 2 P {\displaystyle \Delta _{2}... | Wikipedia |
The C++ programming language has support for string handling, mostly implemented in its standard library. The language standard specifies several string types, some inherited from C, some designed to make use of the language's features, such as classes and RAII. The most-used of these is std::string. Since the initial ... | Wikipedia |
The Message Understanding Conferences (MUC) for computing and computer science, were initiated and financed by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) to encourage the development of new and better methods of information extraction. The character of this competition, many concurrent research teams competing a... | Wikipedia |
This article contains economic statistics of the country Singapore. The GDP, GDP Per Capita, GNI Per Capita, Total Trade, Total Imports, Total Exports, Foreign Reserves, Current Account Balance, Average Exchange Rate, Operating Revenue and Total Expenditure are mentioned in the table below for years 1965 through 2018. ... | Wikipedia |
An electromagnetic pulse (EMP), also referred to as a transient electromagnetic disturbance (TED), is a brief burst of electromagnetic energy. The origin of an EMP can be natural or artificial, and can occur as an electromagnetic field, as an electric field, as a magnetic field, or as a conducted electric current. The ... | Wikipedia |
In mathematical set theory, the multiverse view is that there are many models of set theory, but no "absolute", "canonical" or "true" model. The various models are all equally valid or true, though some may be more useful or attractive than others. The opposite view is the "universe" view of set theory in which all set... | Wikipedia |
Service Data Objects is a technology that allows heterogeneous data to be accessed in a uniform way. The SDO specification was originally developed in 2004 as a joint collaboration between Oracle (BEA) and IBM and approved by the Java Community Process in JSR 235. Version 2.0 of the specification was introduced in Nove... | Wikipedia |
A magnetohydrodynamic converter (MHD converter) is an electromagnetic machine with no moving parts involving magnetohydrodynamics, the study of the kinetics of electrically conductive fluids (liquid or ionized gas) in the presence of electromagnetic fields. Such converters act on the fluid using the Lorentz force to op... | Wikipedia |
Tractable is a technology company specializing in the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to assess damage to property and vehicles. The AI allows users to appraise damage digitally. Technology Tractable's technology uses computer vision and deep learning to automate the appraisal of visual damage in accident a... | Wikipedia |
EpiData is a group of applications used in combination for creating documented data structures and analysis of quantitative data. Overview The EpiData Association, which created the software, was created in 1999 and is based in Denmark. EpiData was developed in Pascal and uses open standards such as HTML where possible... | Wikipedia |
In mathematics and formal logic, a theorem is a statement that has been proven, or can be proven. The proof of a theorem is a logical argument that uses the inference rules of a deductive system to establish that the theorem is a logical consequence of the axioms and previously proved theorems. In mainstream mathematic... | Wikipedia |
Barthélémy Bisengimana Rwema (born 12 May 1935) was a Zairean official who served as head of the Bureau of the President under Mobutu Sese Seko from May 1969 to February 1977. Bisengimana was a member of the Tutsi ethnic group whose rise to prominence was largely the result of the complete dependence of the Banyarwanda... | Wikipedia |
A reciprocating electric motor is a motor in which the armature moves back and forth rather than circularly. Early electric motors were sometimes of the reciprocating type, such as those made by Daniel Davis in the 1840s. Today, reciprocating electric motors are rare but they do have some niche applications, e.g. in li... | Wikipedia |
In classical mechanics, impulse (symbolized by J or Imp) is the change in momentum of an object. If the initial momentum of an object is p1, and a subsequent momentum is p2, the object has received an impulse J: J = p 2 − p 1 . {\displaystyle \mathbf {J} =\mathbf {p} _{2}-\mathbf {p} _{1}.} Momentum is a vector quantit... | Wikipedia |
In computer networking, Rate Based Satellite Control Protocol (RBSCP) is a tunneling method proposed by Cisco to improve the performance of satellite network links with high latency and error rates. The problem RBSCP addresses is that the long RTT on the link keeps TCP virtual circuits in slow start for a long time. Th... | Wikipedia |
A waveguide is a structure that guides waves by restricting the transmission of energy to one direction. Common types of waveguides include acoustic waveguides which direct sound, optical waveguides which direct light, and radio-frequency waveguides which direct electromagnetic waves other than light like radio waves. ... | Wikipedia |
In fluid dynamics, a Mach wave, also known as a weak discontinuity, is a pressure wave traveling with the speed of sound caused by a slight change of pressure added to a compressible flow. These weak waves can combine in supersonic flow to become a shock wave if sufficient Mach waves are present at any location. Such a... | Wikipedia |
The Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) occurs when two fluids of different density are impulsively accelerated. Normally this is by the passage of a shock wave. The development of the instability begins with small amplitude perturbations which initially grow linearly with time. This is followed by a nonlinear regime w... | Wikipedia |
Swelling index may refer to the following material parameters that quantify volume change: Crucible swelling index, also known as free swelling index, in coal assay Swelling capacity, the amount of a liquid that can be absorbed by a polymer Shrink–swell capacity in soil mechanics Unload-reload constant (κ) in critical ... | Wikipedia |
In physics, topological order describes a state or phase of matter that arises system with non-local interactions, such as entanglement in quantum mechanics, and floppy modes in elastic systems. Whereas classical phases of matter such as gases and solids correspond to microscopic patterns in the spatial arrangement of ... | Wikipedia |
Spin-density wave (SDW) and charge-density wave (CDW) are names for two similar low-energy ordered states of solids. Both these states occur at low temperature in anisotropic, low-dimensional materials or in metals that have high densities of states at the Fermi level N ( E F ) {\displaystyle N(E_{F})} . Other low-temp... | Wikipedia |
The hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) technique derived by Yoshitaka Tanimura and Ryogo Kubo in 1989, is a non-perturbative approach developed to study the evolution of a density matrix ρ ( t ) {\displaystyle \rho (t)} of quantum dissipative systems. The method can treat system-bath interaction non-perturbatively... | Wikipedia |
Karl Küpfmüller (6 October 1897 – 26 December 1977) was a German electrical engineer, who was prolific in the areas of communications technology, measurement and control engineering, acoustics, communication theory, and theoretical electro-technology. Biography Küpfmüller was born in Nuremberg, where he studied at the ... | Wikipedia |
A driven shield is a method of electrical shielding used to protect low-current circuits against leakage current. A driven shield is often referred to as a driven guard, especially when applied to PCB traces. Description It is used in situations where the tiny leakage of current through the insulating surfaces of a wir... | Wikipedia |
Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga is a 2024 post-apocalyptic action film directed and produced by George Miller, who wrote the screenplay with Nico Lathouris. It is the fifth installment in the Mad Max franchise, and the first not focused on Max Rockatansky, instead a spinoff prequel to Mad Max: Fury Road (2015) and an origin st... | Wikipedia |
The principle of rationality (or rationality principle) was coined by Karl R. Popper in his Harvard Lecture of 1963, and published in his book Myth of Framework. It is related to what he called the 'logic of the situation' in an Economica article of 1944/1945, published later in his book The Poverty of Historicism. Acc... | Wikipedia |
FreeFem++ is a programming language and a software focused on solving partial differential equations using the finite element method. FreeFem++ is written in C++ and developed and maintained by Université Pierre et Marie Curie and Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions. It runs on Linux, Solaris, macOS and Microsoft Windows s... | Wikipedia |
The Modulation sphere or M-space formulation is a scheme or theory representing the system of effects of phase modulation and amplitude modulation as applied together on a carrier wave. The relations between both modulations on the carrier are also accounted for. The modulation sphere representation relates three varia... | Wikipedia |
Linear (or Longitudinal) Timecode (LTC) is an encoding of SMPTE timecode data in an audio signal, as defined in SMPTE 12M specification. The audio signal is commonly recorded on a VTR track or other storage media. The bits are encoded using the biphase mark code (also known as FM): a 0 bit has a single transition at th... | Wikipedia |
William C. "Bill" Mann (died August 13, 2004, aged 69) was a computer scientist and computational linguist, the originator of rhetorical structure theory (RST) and a president of the Association for Computational Linguistics (1987–1988). He is especially well known for his work in text generation. He received a Ph.D. i... | Wikipedia |
In computing, data deduplication is a technique for eliminating duplicate copies of repeating data. Successful implementation of the technique can improve storage utilization, which may in turn lower capital expenditure by reducing the overall amount of storage media required to meet storage capacity needs. It can also... | Wikipedia |
This is a collection of lists of mammal species by the estimated global population, divided by orders. Lists only exist for some orders; for example, the most diverse order - rodents - is missing. Much of the data in these lists were created by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Global Mammal Ass... | Wikipedia |
Ambiguity is the type of meaning in which a phrase, statement, or resolution is not explicitly defined, making for several interpretations; others describe it as a concept or statement that has no real reference. A common aspect of ambiguity is uncertainty. It is thus an attribute of any idea or statement whose intende... | Wikipedia |
The Registry of World Record Size Shells is a conchological work listing the largest (and in some cases smallest) verified shell specimens of various marine molluscan taxa. A successor to the earlier World Size Records of Robert J. L. Wagner and R. Tucker Abbott, it has been published on a semi-regular basis since 1997... | Wikipedia |
The impedance analogy is a method of representing a mechanical system by an analogous electrical system. The advantage of doing this is that there is a large body of theory and analysis techniques concerning complex electrical systems, especially in the field of filters. By converting to an electrical representation, t... | Wikipedia |
The Self-Service Semantic Suite (S4) provides on-demand access to text mining and linked open data technology in the cloud. The S4 stack is based on enterprise-grade technology from Ontotext including their leading RDF engine (GraphDB, formerly OWLIM) and high performance text mining solutions successfully applied in s... | Wikipedia |
Eurisko (Gr., I discover) is a discovery system written by Douglas Lenat in RLL-1, a representation language itself written in the Lisp programming language. A sequel to Automated Mathematician, it consists of heuristics, i.e. rules of thumb, including heuristics describing how to use and change its own heuristics. Len... | Wikipedia |
In the area of abstract algebra known as group theory, the diameter of a finite group is a measure of its complexity. Consider a finite group ( G , ∘ ) {\displaystyle \left(G,\circ \right)} , and any set of generators S. Define D S {\displaystyle D_{S}} to be the graph diameter of the Cayley graph Λ = ( G , S ) {\displ... | Wikipedia |
dplyr is an R package whose set of functions are designed to enable dataframe (a spreadsheet-like data structure) manipulation in an intuitive, user-friendly way. It is one of the core packages of the popular tidyverse set of packages in the R programming language. Data analysts typically use dplyr in order to transfor... | Wikipedia |
Path dependence is a concept in the social sciences, referring to processes where past events or decisions constrain later events or decisions. It can be used to refer to outcomes at a single point in time or to long-run equilibria of a process. Path dependence has been used to describe institutions, technical standard... | Wikipedia |
Measurement of wow and flutter is carried out on audio tape machines, cassette recorders and players, and other analog recording and reproduction devices with rotary components (e.g. movie projectors, turntables (vinyl recording), etc.) This measurement quantifies the amount of 'frequency wobble' (caused by speed fluct... | Wikipedia |
The Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on University and College Computing Services Hall of Fame Award was established by the Association for Computing Machinery to recognize individuals whose specific contributions have had a positive impact on the organization and therefore on the professional... | Wikipedia |
Govinda Bhaṭṭathiri (also known as Govinda Bhattathiri of Thalakkulam or Thalkkulathur) (c. 1237 – 1295) was an Indian astrologer and astronomer who flourished in Kerala during the thirteenth century CE. Govinda Bhaṭṭatiri was born in the Nambudiri family known by the name Thalakkulathur in the village of Alathiyur, Ti... | Wikipedia |
In plasma physics, the Vlasov equation is a differential equation describing time evolution of the distribution function of collisionless plasma consisting of charged particles with long-range interaction, such as the Coulomb interaction. The equation was first suggested for the description of plasma by Anatoly Vlasov ... | Wikipedia |
Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) is a research institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) formed by the 2003 merger of the Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) and the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (AI Lab). Housed within the Ray and Maria Stata Center, CSAIL is th... | Wikipedia |
The term Science DMZ refers to a computer subnetwork that is structured to be secure, but without the performance limits that would otherwise result from passing data through a stateful firewall. The Science DMZ is designed to handle high volume data transfers, typical with scientific and high-performance computing, by... | Wikipedia |
Hostile Waters, released as Hostile Waters: Antaeus Rising in America, is a hybrid vehicle and strategy game developed and published by Rage Software for Microsoft Windows. It was inspired by Carrier Command (Realtime Games, 1988). It has won several awards and one unofficial award from Rock Paper Shotgun as a "lost cl... | Wikipedia |
In statistical analysis of binary classification and information retrieval systems, the F-score or F-measure is a measure of predictive performance. It is calculated from the precision and recall of the test, where the precision is the number of true positive results divided by the number of all samples predicted to be... | Wikipedia |
In thermodynamics, nucleation is the first step in the formation of either a new thermodynamic phase or structure via self-assembly or self-organization within a substance or mixture. Nucleation is typically defined to be the process that determines how long an observer has to wait before the new phase or self-organize... | Wikipedia |
Engineering physics (EP), sometimes engineering science, is the field of study combining pure science disciplines (such as physics, mathematics, chemistry or biology) and engineering disciplines (computer, nuclear, electrical, aerospace, medical, materials, mechanical, etc.). In many languages, the term technical physi... | Wikipedia |
In physics, quantum tunnelling, barrier penetration, or simply tunnelling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an object such as an electron or atom passes through a potential energy barrier that, according to classical mechanics, should not be passable due to the object not having sufficient energy to pass or s... | Wikipedia |
A Viterbi decoder uses the Viterbi algorithm for decoding a bitstream that has been encoded using a convolutional code or trellis code. There are other algorithms for decoding a convolutionally encoded stream (for example, the Fano algorithm). The Viterbi algorithm is the most resource-consuming, but it does the maximu... | Wikipedia |
In computer science, the matrix mortality problem (or mortal matrix problem) is a decision problem that asks, given a finite set of n×n matrices with integer coefficients, whether the zero matrix can be expressed as a finite product of matrices from this set. The matrix mortality problem is known to be undecidable when... | Wikipedia |
During sampling of granular materials (whether airborne, suspended in liquid, aerosol, or aggregated), correct sampling is defined in Gy's sampling theory as a sampling scenario in which all particles in a population have the same probability of ending up in the sample. The concentration of the property of interest in ... | Wikipedia |
Apostolos K. Doxiadis (; Greek: Απόστολος Κ. Δοξιάδης [ðoksiˈaðis]; born 1953) is a Greek writer. He is best known for his international bestsellers Uncle Petros and Goldbach's Conjecture (2000) and Logicomix (2009). Early life Doxiadis was born in Australia, where his father, the architect Constantinos Apostolou Doxia... | Wikipedia |
In programming, the strangler fig pattern or strangler pattern is an architectural pattern that involves wrapping old code, with the intent of redirecting it to newer code or to log uses of the old code. Coined by Martin Fowler, its name derives from the strangler fig plant, which tends to grow on trees and eventually ... | Wikipedia |
The history of group theory, a mathematical domain studying groups in their various forms, has evolved in various parallel threads. There are three historical roots of group theory: the theory of algebraic equations, number theory and geometry. Joseph Louis Lagrange, Niels Henrik Abel and Évariste Galois were early res... | Wikipedia |
The Goldhaber Experiment, named after Maurice Goldhaber, was a particle physics experiment carried out in 1957 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. It was the first experiment to determine the helicity of the neutrino, following the discovery of parity violation in the weak interaction just a year earlier. Background The... | Wikipedia |
In fluid dynamics, Rayleigh flow (after English physicist Lord Rayleigh) refers to frictionless, non-adiabatic fluid flow through a constant-area duct where the effect of heat transfer is considered. Compressibility effects often come into consideration, although the Rayleigh flow model certainly also applies to incomp... | Wikipedia |
In the study of the arithmetic of elliptic curves, the j-line over a ring R is the coarse moduli scheme attached to the moduli problem sending a ring R {\displaystyle R} to the set of isomorphism classes of elliptic curves over R {\displaystyle R} . Since elliptic curves over the complex numbers are isomorphic (over an... | Wikipedia |
Graphmatica is a graphing program created by Keith Hertzer, a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley. It runs on Microsoft Windows (all versions), Mac OS X 10.5 and higher, and iOS 5.0 and higher. Graphmatica for Windows and Macs is distributed free of charge for evaluation purposes. After one month, non-co... | Wikipedia |
The three-process view is a psychological term coined by Janet E. Davidson and Robert Sternberg. According to this concept, there are three kinds of insight: selective-encoding, selective-comparison, and selective-combination. Selective-encoding insight – Distinguishing what is important in a problem and what is irrele... | Wikipedia |
The principle of detailed balance can be used in kinetic systems which are decomposed into elementary processes (collisions, or steps, or elementary reactions). It states that at equilibrium, each elementary process is in equilibrium with its reverse process. History The principle of detailed balance was explicitly int... | Wikipedia |
The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) is an international scientific society devoted to promote research in, and responsible use of, artificial intelligence. AAAI also aims to increase public understanding of artificial intelligence (AI), improve the teaching and training of AI practitio... | Wikipedia |
scRGB is a wide color gamut RGB color space created by Microsoft and HP that uses the same color primaries and white/black points as the sRGB color space but allows coordinates below zero and greater than one. The full range is −0.5 through just less than +7.5. Negative numbers enables scRGB to encompass most of the CI... | Wikipedia |
An autotroph is an organism that can convert abiotic sources of energy into energy stored in organic compounds, which can be used by other organisms. Autotrophs produce complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) using carbon from simple substances such as carbon dioxide, generally using energ... | Wikipedia |
The forward–backward algorithm is an inference algorithm for hidden Markov models which computes the posterior marginals of all hidden state variables given a sequence of observations/emissions o 1 : T := o 1 , … , o T {\displaystyle o_{1:T}:=o_{1},\dots ,o_{T}} , i.e. it computes, for all hidden state variables X t ∈ ... | Wikipedia |
In genetics, a haplotype block is a region of an organism's genome in which there is little evidence of a history of genetic recombination, and which contain only a small number of distinct haplotypes. According to the haplotype-block model, such blocks should show high levels of linkage disequilibrium and be separated... | Wikipedia |
Unary coding, or the unary numeral system, is an entropy encoding that represents a natural number, n, with n ones followed by a zero (if the term natural number is understood as non-negative integer) or with n − 1 ones followed by a zero (if the term natural number is understood as strictly positive integer). A unary ... | Wikipedia |
In machine learning, the perceptron is an algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers. A binary classifier is a function that can decide whether or not an input, represented by a vector of numbers, belongs to some specific class. It is a type of linear classifier, i.e. a classification algorithm that makes ... | Wikipedia |
In fluid dynamics, the Graetz number (Gz) is a dimensionless number that characterizes laminar flow in a conduit. The number is defined as: G z = D H L R e P r {\displaystyle \mathrm {Gz} ={D_{H} \over L}\mathrm {Re} \,\mathrm {Pr} } where DH is the diameter in round tubes or hydraulic diameter in arbitrary cross-secti... | Wikipedia |
Personoid is the concept coined by Stanisław Lem, a Polish science-fiction writer, in Non Serviam, from his book A Perfect Vacuum (1971). His personoids are an abstraction of functions of human mind and they live in computers; they do not need any human-like physical body. In cognitive and software modeling, personoid ... | Wikipedia |
Léon-Yves Bottou (French pronunciation: [leɔ̃ bɔtu]; born 1965) is a researcher best known for his work in machine learning and data compression. His work presents stochastic gradient descent as a fundamental learning algorithm. He is also one of the main creators of the DjVu image compression technology (together with... | Wikipedia |
Kutlu Özergin Ülgen is a Turkish biochemical engineer researching pharmacophore modelling to identify pharmacological chaperones used to treat infectious diseases, genetic diseases, and cancer. Ülgen is a professor in the department of chemical engineering at Boğaziçi University. Education Özergin completed a B.S. (198... | Wikipedia |
In computer science and operations research, a memetic algorithm (MA) is an extension of an evolutionary algorithm (EA) that aims to accelerate the evolutionary search for the optimum. An EA is a metaheuristic that reproduces the basic principles of biological evolution as a computer algorithm in order to solve challen... | Wikipedia |
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