question stringlengths 37 38.8k | group_id stringlengths 2 6 | sentence_embeddings listlengths 768 768 |
|---|---|---|
<p>My paper includes two equations </p>
<p>Log fdi =(Investment profile,exchange rate volatility, interest rate differential,corruption,bureaucratic quality,telephone)</p>
<p>Corruption=f(Bureaucratic quality, law and order political regime,GDP growth,taxtogdp,government stability)</p>
<p>I am confused as to which m... | g49537 | [
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<p><strong>Question:</strong>
In a count that was held a year ago in a reserve , there were 15 tigers counted. 7 females and 8 males, which were marked with numbers from 1 to 15.</p>
<p>a. By recent reports, there was fear that the number of tigers in the reserve had dropped under 15. In order to check that, it was de... | g58709 | [
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<p>I am about to embark on a lengthy study for a work project. At the core of it is the need for a statistical tool to help quantify "sensitivity." I am the lead software developer on the task, but I have a pretty strong background in statistics (at least compared with many other software developers). However, my stats... | g13885 | [
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<p>I'm testing a machine learning algorithm which, until now used coefficient of variation in order to relative measure dispersion among different attributes in a given dataset.
Now that I need to test it thoroughly on larger dataset, it's critical to do something about the possibility of a zero mean, which would imme... | g13886 | [
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<p>I have commonly heard that LME models are more sound in the analysis of accuracy data (i.e., in psychology experiments), in that they can work with binomial and other non-normal distributions that traditional approaches (e.g., ANOVA) can't.</p>
<p>What is the mathematical basis of LME models that allow them to inco... | g42866 | [
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<p>Is there any continuous distribution that has an upper level of 1 and a lower level of 0? The reason I am asking this is that I want to know the distribution of my data which shows the roll over ratio of customer deposit which might only be between 0 (means all the fund is withdrawn) and 1 (means all the fund is rol... | g58710 | [
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<p>I'm using a M-W U test to analyse some Likert scale results I have, as my data is ordinal.</p>
<p>One of the assumptions that keeps on appearing on references is the following: "both distributions must be the same shape (i.e., the distribution of scores for both categories of the independent variable must have the ... | g58711 | [
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<p>I am looking for some hints to prove the following equality:
$$
y^{\top}y - y^{\top}X(X^{\top}X)^{-1}X^{\top}y = \dfrac{\det(L^{\top}L)}{\det(X^{\top}X)},
$$
where $y$ is a $n\times 1$ vector, $X$ is a $n\times m$ matrix and $L=(X,y)$ (concatenation with $y$ as the last column of $X$). </p>
<p><strong>Upddate:</str... | g58712 | [
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<p>Some measures seem to be of a different type to others, depending on what kind
of statements are meaningful. Different scale types try to capture that difference.</p>
<p>Known interval scale types are:</p>
<ol>
<li>Nominal</li>
<li>Ordinal</li>
<li>Interval</li>
<li>Ratio</li>
</ol>
<p>The great thing is, that e... | g58713 | [
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<p>I am building a mixed model, where the same 4 groups are tested repeatedly 5 weeks on the measure M. I want to test the effect of group on the measure M. Can I build a model as following (let's say with R):</p>
<pre><code> lmer(M ~ Time + Group + (1|Group), data= mydata)
</code></pre>
<p>where group is both a fi... | g13887 | [
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<p>I am trying to develop the concept to give an intuitive explanation of how my forecasting algorithm works. </p>
<p>The forecasting algorithm uses historic data and some current-day data to forecast the remaining work for the day as it is a workforce planning algorithm. It does not contain any big datasets and only ... | g13890 | [
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<p>Both my variables for correlation (Spearmans given small n of 17) relate to time (seconds for x, and minutes and secs for y). Should I standardize the units before entering into analysis. I get different answers if I try both ways, which is correct?</p> | g58714 | [
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<p>I have 2 factors <code>A</code> and <code>B</code> (5×3) and one covariate <code>X</code> in a within subject design. Here's how I specify my overall model: </p>
<pre><code>lme.out = lme(y~ A*B*X, random=~1|Subject, data=mydata)
</code></pre>
<p>My interpretation is that I am looking at a graph <code>y~x</co... | g58715 | [
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<p>I have a ton of univariate samples ($x_i \in \mathbb{R}^+$). I'd like an automated method to check for outliers and identify the outliers, if any are present. A reasonable model for the distribution of the non-outliers is a mixture of Gaussians. The number of Gaussians in the mixture and their parameters are not ... | g968 | [
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<p>I dont know much about statistics so bear with me. Lets say I have a set of 1000 workers. I want to figure out who the hardest worker is but I can only measure the amount of work getting done in groups of 1-100 over an hours worth of work. Assuming each worker always does around the same amount of work, over a large... | g58716 | [
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<p>In <a href="http://faculty.washington.edu/heagerty/Courses/b571/homework/Lindsey-Jones-1998.pdf">this paper</a> titled "CHOOSING AMONG GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS APPLIED TO MEDICAL DATA" the authors write:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>In a generalized linear model, the mean is transformed, by the link
function, instead o... | g58717 | [
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... |
<p>I'm doing OLS estimation with an independent variable lagged as t-1, t-2, t-3, and t-4 (four beta coefficients). I would like to have the sum of these coefficients for interpreting the net impact of these variables on the endogenous one (for example the net influence of the US's GDP growth lagged in t-1, t-2, t-3, a... | g13893 | [
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<p>If I have a random walk without drift the differences form a white noise process.</p>
<p>But what happens if I incorporate a drift $d$? Does this still hold true? I'm not sure because with the drift term d:</p>
<p>$$
y_{t} = d + y_{t-1} + \epsilon_{t}
$$
$$
y_{t} - y_{t-1} = d + \epsilon_{t}
$$</p>
<p>The right ... | g42872 | [
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<p>A Company has 4000 employees. Employee1 works 3 hours on monday, 1 hour on tuesday, 0 hours on wednesday and thursday, 5 hours on friday and 6 hours on saturday. It seems he worked more hours on saturday. But a random employee works 0 hours on monday to thursday and 5 hours on friday and 6 hours on saturday. Therefo... | g58718 | [
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... |
<p>HI This is first time I was reading about HMM, however I have read so many articles on web, but two things where I am confused are:</p>
<ol>
<li>How to decide number of Hidden States (although HMM says we don't need to know, we just have to make a guess, even for making guess what should be the best criteria)</li>
... | g58719 | [
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<p>In the seminal paper <a href="http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~murphyk/Papers/rbpf_uai00.pdf">"Rao-Blackwellised Particle Filtering for Dynamic Bayesian Networks"</a> by A. Doucet et. al. a sequential monte carlo filter (particle filter) is proposed, which makes use of a linear substructure $x^L_k$ in a markov process $x_k = (... | g5903 | [
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<p>I am trying to estimate the parameters for a shifted beta-geometric distribution to model user churn, as shown in <a href="http://www.brucehardie.com/papers/021/sbg_2006-05-30.pdf" rel="nofollow">this paper</a>. The log-likelihood function is described there and solved via Excel, and I am attempting to do the paramt... | g13898 | [
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<p><em>Context:</em>
USA economy</p>
<p><em>Background:</em></p>
<p>Its generally accepted that the growth of e commerce has certain curbing effects on the CPI-inflation. Because search costs are much lower online, people always go for the lowest prices and this makes online retailers fight to price their products l... | g58720 | [
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<p>I am a clinician who is trying to fit a model that predicts the absolute risk of individuals developing cardiovascular events at the end of follow up period.
I came across accelerated failed time models that should enable me to achieve the above purpose. But I don't know how to interpret the output of the model in ... | g58721 | [
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<p>I fit a mixed effect model to one set of data and now I want to check its performance when applied to another data set. I want to plot a figure of "predicted value" and "observed value" and calculate $R^2$ to evaluate model performance.</p>
<p>Is there any code or command for this in R software?</p> | g58722 | [
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<p>I am using scikit-learn and would like to run SVR with RBF kernel. My dataset was quite large so from reading other posts, I was advised to use SGD regression and RBF approximation. Interestingly I get worse results from using SGD with RBF compared to just SGD by itself. I'd imagine this would be due to wrong parame... | g13899 | [
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0... |
<p>Potentially simple question here but I can't work out the answer, so...</p>
<p>I have created a single question questionnaire with five possible yes/no answers and then calculated the percentages for each answer (N=34) with the distribution being normal as per a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.</p>
<p>I then split this s... | g58723 | [
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<p>I am trying to analyse the results of a questionnaire with SPSS. I have a number of questions with Likert scale and want to see if there is a link between the age and gender towards the answers given whether they strongly agree/agree/….</p>
<p>I tried Chi square (no idea how to analyse the outcome) but I was told t... | g58724 | [
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<p>I have some results from a genome wide association study, which basically fits $n$ linear models for one trait $y$ and $n$ genotypes $x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n$:</p>
<p>\begin{align*}
y &\sim b_{10} + b_{11} x_1 \\
y &\sim b_{20} + b_{21} x_2 \\
&\vdots \\
y &\sim b_{n0} + b_{n1} x_n \... | g58725 | [
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<p>A friend's assignment question is "Does class attendance affect GPA?"</p>
<p>She has 3 survey questions:</p>
<ul>
<li>How many courses do you have a week?</li>
<li>How many classes did you miss a week?</li>
<li>What is your GPA?</li>
</ul>
<p>She is now told to analyse her data: her assignment question told her t... | g58726 | [
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0.08339965343475342,
0.00... |
<p>Let a multivariate distribution be given by $P(Y,S_1,S_2)$, where all three variables are discrete, $Y$ is multivalued, $S_1=(0,1)$ and $S_2=(0,1)$, respectively, and all may be dependent. Define the quantity $X$ for difference in means on categry $j$ of $Y$ as</p>
<p>$$X=E(Y=j|S_1=1)-E(Y=j|S_2=1).$$</p>
<p>To giv... | g58727 | [
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<p>I have a data set for a number of people making 2 decisions - where to live; and how many hours to work. For every observation with a non-zero amount of work, there is an observed wage.</p>
<p>I've assigned each person a unique 'choice' representing the combined observed outcomes. There are 8 work outcomes (0 hours... | g58728 | [
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0.0... |
<p>I am doing some data preparation with Python using Pandas and I am working with a dataset that has about 80 variables with missing values and I want to capture any patterns of missingness to cut down on the amount of missing value indicators I have but I am having trouble finding any good strategies for doing this. ... | g210 | [
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<p>I have a quick question:</p>
<p>How do you make a $10 \times 2$ $\chi^2$ table in SAS?</p> | g58729 | [
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<p>Please I am about to cluster some data based which have about 15 different columns all of which are numbers(Some categorical while some are measurements) also some of my values are missing in some columns . Please can you give me pointer on how to go about it.</p>
<p>I have previously explored the clustering with ... | g13909 | [
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0... |
<p>I've been trying to find information on the sampling distribution of the standard deviation for uniform distributions and have been having a heck of a time figuring out the expected value for the standard deviation of a sample. Hopefully someone can help out!</p>
<p>Basically, I'm trying to find the expected standa... | g58730 | [
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<p>I'm currently working on my thesis, more specifically I'm analyzing some data collected from researchers about the project's they're working on.</p>
<p>In the end, I have performed a multiple linear regression to verify which determinants (budget, team size,...) significantly influence the external impact of a rese... | g58731 | [
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... |
<p>I am working on analyzing a data set and I was wondering what would be the most statistically valid method of demonstrating that there is a strong spatial correlation between images. </p>
<p>I have a data set with about 50 pairs of images of cancerous tissue samples. The first image in each pair shows the locatio... | g13912 | [
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<p>I need to fit orthogonal contrasts to the following model. See the following example data:</p>
<pre><code> rep <- c(rep( 1, 15), rep(2, 15))
parent1 <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4)
parent2 <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5... | g58732 | [
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0.03896265849471092,
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... |
<p>Given that the posterior estimate of $\sigma'^{2}$of a normal likelihood and an inverse gamma prior on $\sigma^2$ is:</p>
<p>$$\sigma'^{2}\sim\textrm{IG}\left(\alpha + \frac{n}{2}, \beta +\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n{(y_i-\mu)^2}}{2}\right)$$</p>
<p>which is equivalent to </p>
<p>$$\sigma'^{2}\sim\textrm{IG}\left( \frac{n}... | g58733 | [
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0.06424779444932938,
0.0013137271162122488,... |
<p>I have some results which are plotted here:
<img src="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22681355/graph.png" alt=""></p>
<p>I would like to make individual comparisons e.g. does the green line in the top case significantly drop from 2 to 3 and from 3 to 4?</p>
<p>I have created contrast coded predictors to test for these di... | g42891 | [
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0.044... |
<p>I am fairly new to R and I have been reading all related topics but still I don't manage to solve my rather simple problem.</p>
<p>I have a dataset with 5 cases for two variables (X,Y), for instance:</p>
<pre><code> X | Y
--------
100 | 12
112 | 14
140 | 21
190 | 20
89 | 7
</code></pre>
<p>Now I want to r... | g58734 | [
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0.020090604200959206,
-0.0161034911870956... |
<p>How does one prove that a separating hyper-plane that can be represented as a linear combination of the training samples exists for a linearly separable pattern?</p>
<p>Although, it looks pretty obvious physically, I was interested to know if it could be proved mathematically.</p> | g42893 | [
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0.0... |
<p>The linear mixed model I want to fit to my data shows some major correlations. Z.transformation already reduced the correlations but not as much as I had hoped. I calculated the variance inflation factors and they seem a little high but not off the charts (between 1.3 and 3)</p>
<p>Here is the correlation structure... | g58735 | [
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<p>Good Day All,</p>
<p>I am trying to measure sensitivity and specificity of a new test in the face of an 'imperfect' gold standard. </p>
<p>It turns out that the literature has known Sensitivity and specificity of my 'imperfect' gold standard and as I understand it, it is possible to adjust Sensitivity and specifi... | g58736 | [
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0.... |
<p>I am trying to do a logistic regression to look at the relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked by subjects in a sample (0-60 per day) and a yes/no outcome. As a lot of people in the sample are non-smokers, there are lot of zeros for the continuous covariate. </p>
<p>I have a few questions about this: <... | g58737 | [
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... |
<p>If I were to collect ONE sample of size 20 from a normal population, how justified would I be in claiming that the sample is normally distributed? I'm getting a little confused since by the Central Limit Theorem, the sample size has to be <em>sufficiently large</em> and 20 is a relatively small number. On the other ... | g58738 | [
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... |
<p>Suppose that I have daily data on the population of a small village, given by $Y(t)$, as well as daily data on various factors that are relevant to the size of the population in the future, given by vector $X(t)$. These explanatory variables include untransformed variables as well as features engineered to be inform... | g58739 | [
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... |
<p>Suppose I estimate a multivariable quantile regression $Q_Y(\tau | X) = \alpha(\tau) + \beta(\tau)X + \epsilon(\tau)$. Note that $X$ is a vector of independent variables. </p>
<p>Suppose I then 'plug in' my values of $X$ that I observe, and find that $\hat{Q}_Y(0.6|X) < \hat{Q}_Y(0.4|X)$. </p>
<ul>
<li>How do ... | g58740 | [
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... |
<p>Any statistical distribution is described in terms of shape, scale and location parameters. But what do these parameters mean, geometrically, statistically and for a layman with minimum statistical knowledge?</p>
<p>I have explored wikipedia and still, this doubt continues to exist.</p> | g58741 | [
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<p>As statisticians, we come across many distributions under the banners "discrete","continuous" and "univariate","multivariate".But can anyone, offer me a good reason behind the existence and motivation for so many distributions. How do we get them? and what can a layman understand from it?</p>
<p>What is the logic b... | g58742 | [
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<p>Suppose we have a continuous independent variable $X$ and a dependent ordinal variable $Y$. Is it possible to perform a linear discriminant analysis on the data? Or would both variables need to be continuous? In other words, would we have to convert the ordinal variable to a real number?</p> | g58743 | [
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<p>What is the fundamental difference between: </p>
<ol>
<li>Linear regression </li>
<li>Non linear regression </li>
<li>Parametric regression, and </li>
<li>Non-parametric regression?</li>
</ol>
<p> </p>
<p>When should we use each type? How do we know what to choose? What kind of data are required? What are the ... | g58744 | [
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0.02634499967098236,
... |
<p>I have samples from a highly skewed (looking like an exponential distribution) dataset about users' participation (e.g.: number of posts), that have different sizes (but not less than 200) and I want to compare their mean. For that, I'm using two-sample unpaired t-tests(and t-tests with the Welch’s factor, when the ... | g58745 | [
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... |
<p>I'm trying to build a recommendation system, and have a bunch of (item,item_features,liked) triplets, where liked is binary. Most items are not liked. So I'm running a logistic regression with glmnet of the form
<code>liked ~ item_features</code>
This yields an AUC of around 0.75 (it doesn't vary much with th... | g58746 | [
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0.030813172459602356,
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0.01611... |
<p>I am building software components that are going to be used by multiple users
simultaneously. At the current point in time, these components are <strong>known
bad</strong>. That is, if I simulate multiple users simultaneously interacting with
each component <strong>long enough</strong> I know the component <strong>w... | g58747 | [
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0.02134559117257595,
... |
<p>The help for the pnorm function states:</p>
<p>It says that pnorm gives the "distribution function", but it seems that it gives the quantile, </p>
<p>for example, <code>pnorm(q = 0, 0, 1)</code> returns <code>0.5</code>, which suggests that <code>q=0</code> refers to the 50th quantile of a N(0,1). I understand wha... | g42903 | [
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<p>I want to simulate survival time for two competitive events using <code>R</code>. Consider that there are no censored data, and the survival time for each event has exponential distribution with rate 0.25 and 0.1 respectively. Can anyone help me please?</p> | g9167 | [
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<p>I want to determine if there are significant differences between movement and temperature of three groups. I have four regression lines and I want to know if there are significant differences in the slopes. What test do you use to do this? I had read about the ANCOVA, but recently someone suggested I not use it.</p> | g13929 | [
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<p>I was requested by a friend's mother to analyze her data from her past treatment. Since she got leukemia two years ago, she had been instutionlized for various periods and underwent various treatments. So I can download a data chart with time points and measurement after medicine A, B,C,D, E, etc. However the measur... | g13932 | [
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... |
<p>I have been confused with the problem for a very long time, and hope that somebody here can help me out~</p>
<p>I have a experiment installed in split-plot design, with 3 temperal groups as blocks, and 2 factors (each have 3 fixed levels) combinations in each of the block, and I have 4 replicates in each treatments... | g58748 | [
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0.029914483428001404,
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-... |
<p>Given a list of numbers, is it possible to find out (or in other words, is there a statistical measure to tells the) the closeness of the numbers
(do note that i am not talking about correlation - this would be for 2 sequences - something like correlation between height and weight).</p>
<p>I am looking for somethin... | g13938 | [
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<p>My project is about whether early language scores (on a reading task) can predict later scores on a social attribution task. I have to conduct a logistic regression for my project but I am stuck on which one is appropriate. This is because I have conducted a binary logistic and multinomial logistic regression but I ... | g13939 | [
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<p>I often hear from statistical experts (including on this site) that simulation is the preferred method to calculate power for a clinical trial (rather than using traditional sample size calculation formulae).</p>
<p>I use Stata, and I was wondering if anyone can show me how to do this <strong>in detail</strong>?</p... | g13941 | [
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<p>I have short daily time series (less than 4 years) representing sales and exhibiting two seasonalities (weekly and yearly) and I am seeking to identify outliers (not only data reporting errors but also particular events impacting the sales). Because of the presence of a trend and seasonalities, I think detrending an... | g13944 | [
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<p>I'm looking into a way to classify/categorize sentences into pre-defined categories (around 10-15). Yes, indeed sentences, not articles or paragraphs.</p>
<p>Given the average length of articles are not too long (2-10 normal pages) and number of articles (tens-hundreds) are relatively small, it is quite a small sca... | g58749 | [
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<p>Starting with a Binomial Distribution with parameters $n=1000, p=0.5$ and measured successes of 300, I would like to test whether there is a significant difference between success and failure.</p>
<p>The obvious solution (using R):</p>
<pre><code>n1 <- 300
n2 <- 700
p <- 0.5
binom.test(n1, n1+n2, p, alter... | g58750 | [
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<p>I have to work on a dataset treated with the Multiple Imputation method to handle missing data. In fact, I have 5 different variant of the same dataset, with missing data replaced by probable values.</p>
<p>How can I analyses those datasets? Should I merge them?</p>
<p>Thank you for your time.</p>
<p>Best,
cml.</... | g58751 | [
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<p>I'm looking for ways to visualize large time-series other then in traditional 2-axis line charts. More specifically, I hope to find a way that intuitively reveals patterns in the data such as the spiral approach found in <a href="http://ieg.ifs.tuwien.ac.at/~aigner/teaching/ws06/infovis_ue/papers/spiralgraph_weber01... | g13950 | [
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<p>I am using <code>caret</code> and <code>repeatedcv</code> with repeats for feature selection. That is, </p>
<pre><code>rfeControl(functions = svmFuncs, method = "repeatedcv", number = 10, repeats = 5,
rerank = TRUE, returnResamp = "all", saveDetails = FALSE, verbose = TRUE)
</code></pre>
<p>I am quite... | g37796 | [
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<p>I'm trying to perform predictions from a sequence of events. My problem is this:</p>
<p><strong>Data collection:</strong></p>
<p>Suppose you can continuously observe a person sitting in a library. You take note of every time that the person checks his smartphone, goes to the restroom, or is reading. At some point ... | g58752 | [
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<p>In Data Mining course, we are taking 3-4-5 Rule to segments the data uniformly.</p>
<p>I'm trying to understand these lines below, and how they are linked to the graph below too.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>If an interval covers 3, 6, 7 or 9 distinct values at the most significant digit, partition the range into 3 equi-... | g58753 | [
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<p>I would pretty much appreciate if someone could explain the discrepancy detailed below.</p>
<p>Let's do a theoretical test first.</p>
<pre><code># make some test data with three levels and a vector of random numbers
test <- data.frame(ind = gl(3, 10), val = runif(30))
# calculate mean by "ind" (stored to a vari... | g58754 | [
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<p>I have two samples, A and B. I run the same model for A and B separately to obtain the estimates. I now want to test whether the parameters for models in A are the same with the parameters in B using SAS. Please advise. </p> | g42929 | [
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<p>I have trouble proving the following fact in my econometrics homework. The lecturer said that I should merely look at my statistics books, but I cannot seem to find it anywhere! Thus, sorry if it is (too) ignorant a question.</p>
<p>Suppose that random variables $\varepsilon_{1t}$, $\varepsilon_{2t} \sim IIN(0,\Sig... | g13959 | [
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<p>I know I can calculate partial or semi-partial correlations to measure the relative contribution of multiple independent variables to the variation in a dependent variable. However, if I only have access to standardized regression coefficients, how can I use these to measure the relative contribution of each indepen... | g58755 | [
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<p>I just started my first statistics class and am not majoring in statistics so sorry if this sounds like a beginner question and also sorry if my language is incorrect. (feel free to correct me.) I have been learning about creating sample distributions of phat and also sample distributions of xbar. I was wondering ... | g58756 | [
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<p>I have a logistic growth curve as follows:</p>
<p>$y = \frac{1}{(1 + ae^{-bx})}$, where x is the independent measure (x-axis) and a and b are paramaters. The inflection point of this equation is when y = 0.5.</p>
<p>Given that information, I need to find the x-value at y = 0.5. But this equation isn't easy to solv... | g58757 | [
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<p>If my table is $(KV)^2$ where $K$ is the number of states and $V$ is the number of variables. Thus, I have the conditional probability for any 2 variables. Is it possible to find the joint distribution for any of the variables?</p> | g58758 | [
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<p>The terms covariate and covariance appear to mean one and same thing. Is covariance equal to covariate?</p> | g58759 | [
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<p>I am trying to determine the most accurate relationship between two variables (each predictor versus the output eventually). I want to know if the relationship is linear, or log-linear, or log-log, or some other form. What is the systematic approach to determining the underlying relationship that isn't full-out obvi... | g58760 | [
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<p>I am measuring a concept (such as 'friendship') that is multidimensional in nature.</p>
<p>To capture the multidimensional nature of the concept, I have measured the concept through several aspects, each of which focus on one part (or dimension) of the concept.</p>
<p>Each aspect has several Likert scale items, wh... | g42939 | [
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<p>I've been trying to understand how R's trimmed mean function works. I suspect it might be biased, but would like to get feedback here before I file a bug-report (if this is an inappropriate forum for such a question please let me know).</p>
<p>Consider the following example (sorted for clarity):</p>
<pre><code>>... | g58761 | [
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0.05113459751009941,
... |
<p>When is the autocorrelation function of a stationary process strictly decreasing or nonincreasing?
Can being Markovian make it true?</p>
<p>When is the autocorrelation function of a stationary process (strictly) increasing?</p>
<p>Thanks!</p> | g13968 | [
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<p>I'm reading the wikipedia page about how Latent Dirichlet Allocation assigns a topic distribution to a document after the model's been learnt (see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_Dirichlet_allocation#Inference" rel="nofollow">this link</a>). I'm very confused by this part of it:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>L... | g13969 | [
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<p>I need to know the chance that I will get consecutive tails (i.e., 2 tails in a row on successive coin flips) at some point in $X$ number of coin tosses. For example, if I toss the coin twice, I know that I have a 25% chance. </p>
<p>What I am really looking for is a formula to solve this question.</p> | g58762 | [
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<p>I have data that essentially correspond to Euclidean distances in some space. More specifically, I have dimensionality-reduced user data (quantified by their behavior), and a distance matrix in this dimensionality-reduced space from user to user.</p>
<p>I want to come up with a 'Similarity Percentage', to determine... | g58763 | [
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<p>I'm trying to estimate the unknown 8x8 covariance matrix X in R using the maximum likehood, but I have problems of figuring out the efficient way of parametrization of X when some of the covariances in X are constrained to zero. When there's no constraints, I have used a cholesky factorization, ie. I have parameters... | g58764 | [
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<p>How can you determine the direction of the test by looking at a pair of hypotheses? How can you tell which direction (or no direction) to make the hypothesis by looking at the problem statement (research question)?</p> | g58765 | [
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<p>I am studying Machine Learning and implementing ML algorithms with Matlab. I follow Ethem Alpaydin, Duda and Hart, Bishop and Mitchell's books. However none of them exactly give the pseudo codes and algorithm based examples and code snippets as usual. </p>
<p>Are there any books which follow topics with code exampl... | g42160 | [
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<p>I have a dataset containing multiple proportions that add up to 1.
I am interested in the change of these proportions along a gradient (see below for example data).</p>
<pre><code>gradient <- 1:99
A1 <- gradient * 0.005
A2 <- gradient * 0.004
A3 <- 1 - (A1 + A2)
df <- data.frame(gradient = gradient,... | g40850 | [
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0.0293... |
<p>I was speaking to a statistician recently who suggested that using dummy variables rather than one variable with several levels reduced the constraints on models, particular reducing the assumption of linearity. I didn't understand the explanation and was wondering if someone could make it clear?</p> | g58766 | [
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<p>I should test if the differences between 5 groups are statistically significant.
I should use linear mixed models with restricted maximum likelihood.
Group and time should be my fixed factors and the value of variable x the dependent variable.</p>
<p>Can you suggest me a tutorial or examples? if using Matlab it wo... | g58767 | [
-0.015958402305841446,
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0.0058705490082502365,
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0.02689695917069912,
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-0.007438806816935539,
... |
<p>We know that a regular Markov chains converges to a unique matrix. The convergence time maybe finite or infinite. My interest is in the case where the convergence time is finite. How can we accurately determine this time or in other words the number of transitions for convergence? I am interested to go through the r... | g58768 | [
0.021815799176692963,
0.019399506971240044,
0.011501542292535305,
0.025911176577210426,
-0.010294156149029732,
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0.03252368047833443,
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0.019112812355160713,
-0.0578320287168026,
-0.003586539765819907,
0.017837442457675934,
0.0... |
<p>I am using the Java API of Weka to apply a Naive Bayes classification to an .arff file I've created. The (@data part) file has the following format:</p>
<pre><code>0 0 0 0 1 0 ... 0
1 0 0 0 0 1 ... 0
.
.
.
0 0 1 0 0 1 ... 3
.
.
.
0 0 0 0 1 0 ... 5
</code></pre>
<p>Where each number belongs to [0,1], except the la... | g58769 | [
0.0062348791398108006,
-0.03158042952418327,
0.026209603995084763,
-0.08805263042449951,
0.06943947821855545,
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0.06705508381128311,
0.0037435139529407024,
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-0.03915068134665489,
0.03930645063519478,
-0.0005823351675644517,
0.0446278341114521,
0.00... |
<p>The maximum likelihood estimator of an exponential distribution $f(x, \lambda) = \lambda e^{-\lambda x}$ is $\lambda_{MLE} = \frac {n} {\sum x_i}$; I know how to derive that by find the derivative of the log likelihood and setting equal to zero.</p>
<p>I then read in an online article that "Unfortunately this estim... | g58770 | [
-0.010525096207857132,
-0.012528770603239536,
-0.017718898132443428,
0.0028630103915929794,
0.01730123907327652,
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0.02206210233271122,
0.04825847968459129,
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-0.040025923401117325,
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0.015484648756682873,
0.09035513550043106,
0.0... |
<p>Let $(X,Y)\sim N(\mu_x=1,\mu_y=1,\sigma^2_x=4,\sigma^2_y=1,\rho=1/2)$. Compute $P(X+2Y\leq 4)$.</p>
<p>How do you compute probabilities of a bivariate normal? For a regular normal distribution I remember we had to use tables or software because there is no close form solution for the normal CDF. </p> | g58771 | [
0.011291858740150928,
-0.05642871931195259,
0.0015436481917276978,
-0.0016632650513201952,
-0.03203492611646652,
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0.06537825614213943,
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-0.01593373715877533,
0.01444145105779171,
0.02621523104608059,
0.02042452059686184,
-0.00... |
<p>I'm working with Gaussian process regression. Currently I start testing different covariance functions and compositions to see what type of data they could describe best. I made an own implementation in Java. </p>
<p><strong>My problem:</strong> Most of the covariance functions I use result in a singular covariance... | g58772 | [
-0.0166326891630888,
-0.072536401450634,
0.011203445494174957,
-0.03852056339383125,
0.0333806611597538,
0.008154481649398804,
0.036672089248895645,
0.045971184968948364,
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0.008037630468606949,
-0.010382674634456635,
0.03424982726573944,
0.03301013633608818,
0.0280873... |
<p>I want to use Discriminant Analysis between two non normal populations in R. Can anybody tell me the name of the R function to do so?
Could also anybody tell me how accurate my results will be if I violate the normality assumption?</p> | g44730 | [
0.01152556948363781,
-0.06258391588926315,
0.002638145349919796,
0.006264061201363802,
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0.053991515189409256,
0.0386495515704155,
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0.00005725623850594275,
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0.055151987820863724,
-0.004183497279882431,
-0... |
<p>We can use <code>lm()</code> to predict a value, but we still need the equation of the result formula in some cases. For example, add the equation to plots.</p> | g58773 | [
-0.003130959579721093,
-0.010827702470123768,
-0.004180255811661482,
-0.04194171354174614,
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-0.05980667471885681,
-0.013980207964777946,
0.046228352934122086,
0.056580737233161926,
... |
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