question stringlengths 37 38.8k | group_id stringlengths 2 6 | sentence_embeddings listlengths 768 768 |
|---|---|---|
<p>How would one derive the density or pmf of a distribution that is shifted to the right ?</p>
<p>For example, a Poisson distribution that is truncated at zero , is shifted to the right . And it only takes values from $x = 1$, to $x = \infty$.</p>
<p>How can I derive its probability mass function ? Do I derive this ... | g67846 | [
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<p>The question is : </p>
<blockquote>
<p>You have found the following ages (in years) of 6 bears. Those bears
were randomly selected from the 28 bears at your local zoo:</p>
<p>46,1,20,16,12,2</p>
<p>Based on your sample, what is the average age of the bears? What is
the standard deviation? You may ro... | g49787 | [
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<p>I am looking for an implementation of prototype selection algorithm and it is highly preferable that implementation would be in Python.</p>
<p>I am using sikit-learn, but there is none.</p> | g27582 | [
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<p>Stats noob here who's trying to learn.</p>
<p>Let's say that I am developing a glm on a continuous response variable. I've read a number of tutorials on glm and the estimation that it utilizes. However, I'm a little lost on the specifications that are required for developing a glm in R. </p>
<p>According to the gl... | g67847 | [
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<p>I've designed and programmed an ANN, So now I need to do an analysis about results, I've seen some examples where they do graphics about surface error, average of true outs, and another interesting graphics so I've decided do it, I think to use <a href="http://www.gnuplot.info/" rel="nofollow">Gnuplot</a> to do this... | g27584 | [
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<p>I have to analyze the data from a study in which two groups of subjects (total sample = 30) were tested on 4 cognitive tasks, all realtive to executive functions. For each task, I have accuracy score and reaction times. So, the analysis will be made on 8 dependent variables.</p>
<p>In such situation, <strong>is it ... | g37574 | [
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<p>What would be the simplest, straightest-forwardest way to determine the following:</p>
<ol>
<li>Whether A,B,C is non-randomly distributed in each single group (IE: are there more A's in group 1 than random chance would predict?)</li>
<li>Whether the distribution of A,B,C is different between the groups. (IE: Group... | g27586 | [
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<p>I'm working with a dataset of combined continuous and categorical data, and I'm constructing a regression model based on both types of data simultaneously, using <a href="http://www.mathworks.com/help/toolbox/stats/dummyvar.html" rel="nofollow">dummy variables</a>. The model will look something like this:</p>
<p>$y... | g67848 | [
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<p>I have a data set with gene expression levels measured for three different treatments, and for each treatment we have three biological replicates. Treatments are: Control, 24h at $4$°C, and 24h at $-3$°C. This analysis was carried out on two genotypes.</p>
<pre><code> CTRL1 CTRL2 CTRL3 4°C_1 4... | g196 | [
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<p>I have looked at different web tools for calculating confidence intervals for effect size like Cohen's d for within-subject design. My experience from this survey tells me that there are different ways to estimate within SD because results I got differs on both effect size and confidence intervals. They usually use ... | g48280 | [
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<p>R linear regression seems to fail if my predictor variance is very small, but nonzero:</p>
<pre><code>> reg = lm(V1~V2,data)
> summary(reg)
Call:
lm(formula = V1 ~ V2, data = data)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-15.968 -4.898 1.627 5.218 8.468
Coefficients: (1 not defined because of... | g27589 | [
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<p>Here is a problem I'm struggling with for some days now on !</p>
<p>Here is the kind of data I have</p>
<pre><code>dependent.variable = c(0,1/3,1/3,1,0,1/3,2/3,1,0,1/3,1/3,1,1/3,1/3,1/3,1,0,2/3,2/3,1)
independent.variable.1 = rep(c(10,20,50,100),times=5)
independent.variable.2 = rep(c('proust','sante','cheers','na... | g67849 | [
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... |
<p>So this is an odd fit, though really I think it's an odd fit for any site, so I thought I'd try it here, among my data-crunching brethren.</p>
<p>I came to epidemiology and biostatistics from biology, and still definitely have some habits from that field. One of them is keeping a lab notebook. It's useful for docum... | g14484 | [
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<p>I was watching a talk on latent semantic analysis and the speaker described experience applying LSA and REALLY messy data. He concluded that it demonstrated the difficulty of disambiguation of meaning, in regard to context. This got me thinking about how large the English vocabulary is. </p>
<p>Are other languages ... | g67850 | [
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<p>A random vector $\boldsymbol x$ is distributed as a multivariate normal
$$
\boldsymbol x \sim \mathcal{N}(\boldsymbol m, \Sigma)
$$
and the mean vector $\boldsymbol m$ itself is a multivariate normal
$$
\boldsymbol m \sim \mathcal{N}(\boldsymbol\mu, \Delta)
$$</p>
<p>Is there a simple way to calculate the marginal ... | g67851 | [
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0... |
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28information_theory%29">Shannon's entropy</a> is the negative of the sum of the probabilities of each outcome multiplied by the logarithm of probabilities for each outcome. What purpose does the logarithm serve in this equation?</p> | g67852 | [
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<p>How do you calculate the McFadden's pseudo-$R^2$ using the <code>cv.glmnet</code> object from the glmnet package?</p>
<p>The <code>deviance.glmnet</code> function extracts the deviances, but I need the null (intercept-only) likelihood and the likelihood for the model with lambda that minimizes the cross-validated e... | g67853 | [
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<p>I would like to use <a href="http://cmimg.cochrane.org/network-meta-analysis-toolkit" rel="nofollow">network meta-analysis</a> (or <a href="http://handbook.cochrane.org/chapter_16/16_6_3_multiple_treatments_meta_analysis.htm" rel="nofollow">multiple treatment comparison</a>) to investigate the main-effect and intera... | g27598 | [
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<p>I have this regularized least square formula:
$$\sum\limits_{i=1}^N (\omega^T x_i - y_i)^2 + \lambda \left\|\omega\right\|^2$$</p>
<p>And the gradient:
$$2 \sum\limits_{i=1}^N ((\sum\limits_{j=1}^d x_{ij}\omega_j)x_{ik} - x_{ik} y_i) + 2\lambda \omega_k$$</p>
<p>I want to use gradient descent to find the vector w... | g67854 | [
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<p>I have a linear regression with two explanatory variables. One of them is a two level categorical variable. When I perform the fit, R tells me that the intercept is highly non significant. When I force the intercept to be zero in the regression, it tells me that the coefficient for the 0-level of the categorical var... | g49846 | [
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0... |
<p>Following the confusion (on my part) <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/17628/how-to-describe-a-test-of-differences-between-correlation-of-the-same-two-variab">here</a>, and as suggested, I am presenting my question in a neutral way below: </p>
<p><strong>Problem:</strong>
I am looking at the relatio... | g48301 | [
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0.... |
<p>Update:</p>
<p>I haven't gotten any answers, so I am simplifying my question. Say I measure test scores of $100$ people in one of two conditions. Each test has $10$ items. On each item, each person can receive a score of $0-10$. Each person's test score is the average across items. My question is, is the effect siz... | g27607 | [
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<p>Similar to <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/267/how-do-i-calculate-if-the-degree-of-overlap-between-two-lists-is-significant">this question</a>, I want to know if the overlap between two samples is significant. However, my items are not unique; I have <em>c</em> distinct colors of items, there are ... | g27608 | [
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<p>I am trying to conduct a meta analysis for dose response studies where I am using fractional polynomial transformation from predefined family of powers. Now data fitting using all possible combinations will yield large number of possible models where some of them are clearly not good while there are few models that ... | g67855 | [
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<p>I'm trying to compress data using wavelets and I wanted to do it with R. Could anyone tell me if there is such a tool?</p>
<p>Thanks in advance.</p> | g37526 | [
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<p>I have several closely-related questions regarding weak learners in ensemble learning (e.g. boosting).</p>
<ol>
<li>This may sound dumb, but what are the benefits of using weak as opposed to strong learners? (e.g. why not boost with "strong" learning methods?)</li>
<li>Is there some sort of "optimal" strength for t... | g27611 | [
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... |
<p>This is the motivation for my question: Suppose we have $n$ tickets
in a bag, and we draw $k$ of them uniformly at random without replacement.
Now, repeat the same procedure independently (same $n$ tickets, draw
$k$ of them UAR without replacement). I can straightforwardly show
that, if $S$ is the number of overlapp... | g27613 | [
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<p>What are examples of published empirical studies that can be proven wrong in the light of more recent theoretical results?</p> | g27615 | [
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<p>What is the right method for computing average of percentage values? Arithmetic average, geometric average, or something else?</p>
<p>Here's an example of problems I'm talking about. Suppose for years 2009, 2010, 2011, the annual GDP growth rates are 1%, 2%, 3%, respectively. What is the average growth rate over th... | g67856 | [
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<p>Suppose I have two real-valued PMFs $f(i)$ and $g(i)$ with $1\le i\le N$ and $N$ is about 1 billion. The functions $f$ and $g$ can be assumed to be continuous on the positive integers, one-sidedly so at the endpoints of course. (Meaning if i and j are close, then $f(i)$ and $f(j)$ are close.)</p>
<p>Lets say I hav... | g67857 | [
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<p>Using <code>plot.rq</code> in the <code>quantreg</code> package in R, we can plot the coefficient estimate distribution, and get something like this:
<img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/sXeVn.png" alt="enter image description here"></p>
<p>What are the dotted red lines? Extensive googling has revealed that the middl... | g67858 | [
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<p>[I hope this is the correct place to post - if not, please feel free to migrate the question to another site].</p>
<p>I would like to build a computer program that will play games effectively, and I want to use reinforcement learning techniques, namely, let two copies of the program play against each other, and use... | g67859 | [
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<p>I am doing a college classification project, in which I am required to classify some handwritten digits. Assume that my input is a N*D where D is the number of features in each input sample and I need to classify each sample into "K" classes. I am using multiclass logisitic regression and in my training phase I am t... | g48312 | [
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<p>Similar to <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/25764/clustering-distributions">this question</a>, I would like a good metric for the distance between multiple ecdfs. However, in this case I have <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_function" rel="nofollow">survival functions</a> that are righ... | g67860 | [
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<p>I have a typical scenario and wanted to know how to approach the problem to solve it.</p>
<p>Let say the data set contains $N$ records and each record contains $10$ names and an output variable. The first $5$ names belong to Team $A$ and the next $5$ names belong to Team $B$. The output variable tells whether Team ... | g67861 | [
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<p>I have difficulties understanding probabilities.</p>
<p>Let's imagine I have a test based on time series regressions and my null hypothesis is that I will pass my next exam in statistics. The test is performed on a small sample size and I choose a significance level of 5%. Unfortunately, I have to reject the null. ... | g67862 | [
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<p>I would like to use AMOS for SEM. According to the literature, either (1) worry is correlated with anxiety, or (2) worry is characterized by anxiety. </p>
<p>Would you help me as to how I can draw one variable or the other, or can I not draw (1) or (2)?</p> | g67863 | [
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<p>I want to simulate a user reading a book. The amount of time spent on a page will be random, but subject to a particular distribution, I just don't know which one. A normal distribution has the problem that it can produce negative values, which is clearly not right.</p>
<p>What's the correct distribution for this... | g67864 | [
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0.03095271810889244,
0.06219779700040817,
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... |
<p>Definite stats newbie, and I'm looking for a little bit of direction on which statistical test to use. Here's a quick summary:
<img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/OkPxc.jpg" alt="enter image description here"></p>
<p>I'm trying to determine if the cases are on more than one narcotic at a time with a .05 significanc... | g67865 | [
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0.007369824685156345,
0.009422244504094124,
-0.04752504453063011,
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<p>I'm currently planning an SEM study designed to investigate attitudes toward energy technologies. My past research has suggested that the persuasive effect of positive/negative information is minimal, and that differences in attitudes are better explained by stable personality traits.</p>
<p>So my model looks somet... | g67866 | [
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0.08323546499013901,
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0.02... |
<p>I believe there is a way to calculate Hedge's g and its variance from a t-statistic. I have found the formulas to calculate Hedge's g from one-sample t, and from independent groups t. </p>
<p>one sample: g = t/√N
independent groups: g = t√((n1+n2)/n1n2)</p>
<p>I can't find a formula anywhere for calculating the ... | g67867 | [
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0.03917456418275833,
0.005352857057005167,
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0.0354730486869812,
0.003277776762843132,
0.04944029450416565,
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-0.... |
<p>I have the marker data of 32 patients for eight different markers. WHat needs to be done here is to predict the type of marker which is suitable for the disease control.</p>
<p>I used Disease control as the dependent variable and markers as the independent variable and did a multiple regression analysis. And from t... | g67868 | [
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0.0... |
<p>I just am wondering, if the distribution is mean time to <em>failure</em> (or maybe mean time between failure), and it is Weibull distributed, then its shape parameter $\beta$ takes on importance.</p>
<p>If $\beta < 1$, there is high infant mortality. If $\beta = 1$, there is random failure. If $\beta > 1$, t... | g67869 | [
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0.0043767476454377174,
0.08928022533655167,
0.02960... |
<p>I have the following cross-sectional regression. </p>
<p>per capita car ownership = 0.025*per capita college degrees + 0.012*availability of underground(dummy variable) - 0.287</p>
<p>I am having difficulty with interpreting the coefficients of both per capita car ownership and per capita college degrees. Since th... | g67870 | [
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<p>In a cross validation scenario "leave one out" I want to measure how the estimated continuous variable fits with the observed variable. I learned from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-validation_%28statistics%29#Measures_of_fit" rel="nofollow">Wikipedia</a> that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M... | g67871 | [
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0.056211844086647034,... |
<blockquote>
<p>Let $X_1,X_2,\dots, X_n$ be a random sample from a Bernoulli distribution with parameter $p$. Let $\bar X_n$ be the sample average given by $\bar X_n=\frac{1}{n} (X_1+X_2+\dots+ X_n)$). Find the expected value of $(\bar X_n-p)^3$.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Trial: I know $\sum_{i=1}^n \sim \text{Bin}(n,p... | g27630 | [
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0.08219844847917557,
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<p>I have the following data set that I need to display on the heat map:</p>
<pre><code>[ 30, 15, 66, 7, 9999, 78, 42, 132 ]
</code></pre>
<p>So if I map the values to the color scale using a linear function I only see the spike while the rest of the values I cannot tell apart because the difference between them is i... | g67872 | [
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<p>I want to count the birds in an area. What's the proper statistical method for it? What are the good references for this topic?</p> | g48323 | [
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<p>I am creating the bootstrap to create a p-value.</p>
<p>Suppose my statistic from the sample is A. Suppose for simplicity, that I do 10 bootstraps and I get A_1, A_2, ..., A_10. Suppose that A_i > A two times and my alpha is .2. Should I reject or fail to reject?</p>
<p>I know that 10 bootstraps is nowhere near en... | g67873 | [
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<p>I want to compare performance of strategies on a group of tasks. I determine performance by running simulations, so I can independently run every strategy on each task (repeated measures):</p>
<pre><code>strategy_A task_1 result_sA_t1
strategy_A task_2 result_sA_t2
strategy_A task_3 result_sA_t3
strategy_B ... | g67874 | [
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0.0... |
<p><strong>Background:</strong> I have n samples and their average. The mean of this empirical bootstrapped distribution seems quite different form the average of my original sample. My original average for the n samples is about the 62nd percentile on the empirical distribution. It seems to me that the means should ap... | g67875 | [
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<p>The number of items sold on any one day in the traditional shop is a random variable X and the corresponding number of items sold via the Internet is a random variable Y. The joint distribution of X and Y is described by the probability function p(x,y) below:</p>
<pre><code> Y
X 0 1 2... | g43870 | [
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0.040286093950271606,
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-0.0010841164039447904,... |
<p>Thank you so much for your input to my question. My variable is HPtsLag and is continuous (although integers, and <=18 - perhaps this could be the issue?). Anyway, here is my code and output. Hopefully this explains it better.</p>
<pre><code>> mylog = glm(cbind(HW,NotHW) ~ HPtsLag, data = g, family = binomia... | g27634 | [
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0.05334542691707611,
0.013418160378932953,
-0.0... |
<p>I have a data set with a few discrete variables having a lot of classes(>100,000). This is too large to encode using a one-hot method. What is the best way to deal with such variables? Should I be using some other model?</p>
<p>I have yes/no responses to a set of questions and am trying to predict features based on... | g67876 | [
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... |
<p>I have several questions regarding the usual gaussianity (<em>broad normality</em>) assumptions in econometrics. Though people often check for normality (with apparently weak tests), I've seen just one example of "gaussianity" testing.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>1.Is the "finite variance" assumption the same as a gaussi... | g67877 | [
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0.0296... |
<p>I want to find out the relationship between 6 independent variable (4 categorical, 2 continuous) and 6 dependent variables (5 likert scale).
As my data is categorical (likert scale) I thought of using logistic regression (i think ordinal), but I have to reduce my dependent variables for which I used principal compon... | g67878 | [
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-... |
<p>I have been asked by a journal editor to combine two separate measures of child disruptive behaviour into one variable. One meaure is parent rated and is from the 36-item Eyberg Child Behaviour Checklist. It is measured on a 7-point likert scale and gives a total score. The other measure is teacher-rated and is from... | g14715 | [
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0.030265962705016136,
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-0.020113330334424973... |
<p>I'm working on developing a model to predict total sales of a product. I have about a year and a half of bookings data, so I could do a standard time series analysis. However, I also have a lot of data about each 'opportunity' (potential sale) that was either closed or lost. 'Opportunities' are progressed along stag... | g27638 | [
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0.0065135229378938675,
0.027645282447338104,
0.0045049600303173065,
0.07578440755605698,
... |
<p>Suppose we have a model with $n$ data points and $p$ predictors. The model has an $R^2_{\text{adjusted}}=q$.</p>
<p>What sort of distribution does the <em>change</em> in $R^2_{\text{adjusted}}$ have when a random Gaussian predictor is added to the model?</p>
<p>I am assuming that the expected value is zero, since... | g67879 | [
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... |
<p>I am working on a meta-analysis of observational studies (basically 39 retrospective papers on different surgical interventions for one condition). I've obtained different weighted proportions (random effects model) through MedCalc for both the full data set and the different subgroups.
So far I have only found inf... | g27640 | [
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0.00... |
<p>This is a homework problem out of the book. It says</p>
<blockquote>
<p>If $U$ is a uniform random variable on [0,1], what is the distribution of the random variable $X = [nU]$, where [$t$] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to $t$?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>There is a second part that says</p>
<blockq... | g67880 | [
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0.000710338179487735,
0.011065472848713398,
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0.005401975475251675,
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0.014656676910817623,
0.024220148101449013,
-0.... |
<p>I was impressed by the Reputation histogram on the SE sites allowing one to zoom in to any time interval. How was it created?</p> | g67881 | [
0.020328499376773834,
0.07436644285917282,
-0.037478670477867126,
-0.03231757506728172,
-0.022377002984285355,
-0.0473448820412159,
0.026473185047507286,
0.03183985501527786,
0.014444046653807163,
-0.00007139029185054824,
-0.008940429426729679,
-0.010655391961336136,
0.08085444569587708,
-... |
<p>I have some data in R, stored in a list. Think</p>
<pre><code>d <- c(1,2,3,4)
</code></pre>
<p>although this is not my data. If I then enter the command</p>
<pre><code> plot(density(d, kernel="gaussian", width=1))
</code></pre>
<p>then I get the kernel probability density estimate, where the kernel is standa... | g37721 | [
0.0014809358399361372,
0.009636184200644493,
-0.008215239271521568,
-0.024960802868008614,
-0.0382268950343132,
-0.059986770153045654,
0.039044089615345,
-0.0021828757598996162,
-0.033907607197761536,
-0.01612531766295433,
-0.0020782507490366697,
0.030347788706421852,
0.03370947018265724,
... |
<p>Suppose I want to predict Amazon or Netflix demand, using demand data over the past year. For example, I might want to forecast the number of sales in the Electronics category on Amazon, or the number of times someone wants to rent Titanic on Netflix. My dataset consists of daily demand per item over the past couple... | g67882 | [
-0.056381747126579285,
0.016500035300850868,
-0.0019770523067563772,
0.023562323302030563,
-0.057938069105148315,
-0.010585293173789978,
0.042662568390369415,
0.0058481344021856785,
-0.04983865097165108,
0.008292808197438717,
0.002646978013217449,
-0.008631037548184395,
0.10286212712526321,
... |
<p>I am struggling a little bit at the moment with a question related to logistic regression. I have a model that predicts the occurrence of animal based on land cover with reference to forest. I am not grasping the concept of a reference class and struggle to extrapolate the model onto a new area. Any explanations or ... | g67883 | [
0.00795779563486576,
-0.015667380765080452,
-0.0030791200697422028,
-0.024901000782847404,
0.030293263494968414,
0.02493935078382492,
-0.022458557039499283,
0.005036590620875359,
-0.0595318041741848,
-0.021922187879681587,
0.017029955983161926,
0.02514936961233616,
0.08173520117998123,
0.0... |
<p>How do I decode NOAA TREND files such as: </p>
<p><a href="ftp://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/observations/metar/trend/KABQ.TREND" rel="nofollow">ftp://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/observations/metar/trend/KABQ.TREND</a> </p>
<p>I know how to decode METAR, SYNOP, SHIP, and BUOY files, but not these. </p>
<p>[is there a bet... | g67884 | [
0.01146709080785513,
-0.012961693108081818,
-0.004713783971965313,
-0.06992664188146591,
0.0441005602478981,
-0.009458731859922409,
-0.03106878325343132,
0.012055688537657261,
-0.07005826383829117,
-0.09424198418855667,
0.01760820671916008,
-0.045541826635599136,
0.0677872747182846,
-0.008... |
<p>What is the difference between offline and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_machine_learning">online learning</a>? Is it just a matter of learning over the entire dataset (offline) vs. learning incrementally (one instance at a time)? What are examples of algorithms used in both?</p> | g67885 | [
0.015636874362826347,
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0.001154459547251463,
-0.013717212714254856,
-0.032880544662475586,
0.002695961855351925,
-0.003703484544530511,
0.05292218551039696,
-0.05949890986084938,
0.007439878303557634,
0.0017776573076844215,
0.007508948445320129,
0.08046603202819824,
0.... |
<p>I am interested in tools/techniques that can be used for analysis of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_data">streaming data in "real-time"</a>*, where latency is an issue. The most common example of this is probably price data from a financial market, although it also occurs in other fields (e.g. find... | g67886 | [
0.010155304335057735,
0.033060718327760696,
-0.0073946453630924225,
0.0016272544162347913,
-0.02544751949608326,
-0.05555623397231102,
-0.005215240176767111,
0.031412042677402496,
-0.056076839566230774,
-0.018476691097021103,
-0.005116386339068413,
-0.03429326042532921,
0.09603901207447052,
... |
<p>I'm trying to separate two groups of values from a single data set. I can assume that one of the populations is normally distributed and is at least half the size of the sample. The values of the second one are both lower or higher than the values from the first one (distribution is unknown). What I'm trying to do i... | g49906 | [
0.011144296266138554,
0.022562459111213684,
-0.004973229486495256,
-0.03885319083929062,
-0.011225315742194653,
0.014304282143712044,
0.0016156459460034966,
0.009323698468506336,
-0.07041788101196289,
-0.03289715573191643,
0.0061067803762853146,
0.03618401661515236,
-0.033092331141233444,
... |
<p>I know that Gamma distribution does not allow 0 or negative values.
I was doing some simulation and when I write this code in R </p>
<pre><code>set.seed(1234)
Gamma<- rgamma(2032,shape=1.77, rate= 4.33)
hist(Gamma, prob=T,ylim=c(0,2), xlim=c(-1,2.5))
lines(density( Gamma), col='blue')
</code></pre>
<p>I obtain ... | g67887 | [
0.04761604592204094,
0.012004089541733265,
-0.01286004576832056,
-0.04739755392074585,
0.024873515591025352,
0.02684391476213932,
0.031937457621097565,
0.029878370463848114,
-0.08148001879453659,
-0.03270864486694336,
0.03018602915108204,
0.04280710965394974,
0.01970328949391842,
0.0076793... |
<p>I'm running diagnostics on a logit model in <code>R</code> produced with <code>glm(formula = formula, data = data, family = "binomial")</code>.</p>
<p>I'm looking at the Goodness of Fit and I've run a Hosmer-Lemmeshow Test via <code>hoslem.test()</code>, but even Hosmer prefers using a <strong>F-adjusted Mean Resid... | g27651 | [
0.020634105429053307,
-0.038322534412145615,
0.004813716746866703,
0.01745595596730709,
-0.020215585827827454,
-0.054682981222867966,
0.013342435471713543,
0.007672070991247892,
-0.06076442077755928,
-0.003481419989839196,
0.004620922263711691,
0.027052385732531548,
0.047420043498277664,
-... |
<p>I am pretty new to clustering, so please be patient.</p>
<p>I have a set of points, and each point has a weight. I need to group these points into N clusters (N is defined).</p>
<p>I need these clusters to satisfy two conditions:</p>
<ul>
<li>The points of a cluster must be spatially connected.</li>
<li>If a clus... | g27652 | [
0.056347865611314774,
0.033177100121974945,
-0.020800083875656128,
-0.05000181496143341,
0.047405604273080826,
0.02483164519071579,
-0.03286908194422722,
0.013636681251227856,
-0.07218439877033234,
0.02179894968867302,
-0.023971935734152794,
0.012551720254123211,
0.045176319777965546,
0.02... |
<p>If I have a model where the set of features where a cosign distance measure makes sense for some of the features, and a Euclidean distance measure makes sense for the others for example using a BOW feature set with additional features like number publications made by the author, etc., how do I pick which metric I sh... | g67888 | [
-0.019951079040765762,
-0.019181983545422554,
-0.000983614707365632,
-0.045247822999954224,
0.04266734421253204,
-0.005128391552716494,
0.004344447515904903,
0.029396554455161095,
-0.049938835203647614,
-0.006177111063152552,
0.001587391016073525,
-0.030115962028503418,
0.08125168085098267,
... |
<p>I am trying to predict the future performance of customers on one of the websites I run. We provide practice tests leading up to a final exam, taken elsewhere. Based on the user's answer to multiple questions (only counting the first time they see the question), I am hoping to predict if they will pass their final e... | g67889 | [
-0.010476388037204742,
0.05126398429274559,
0.01631309650838375,
0.007370563689619303,
0.003278216812759638,
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0.0739184245467186,
0.027347570285201073,
-0.050955887883901596,
-0.05401400104165077,
0.02515728771686554,
0.03746143355965614,
0.008857724256813526,
0.01317... |
<p>I had eleven people play five versions of a video game in single sessions, for a total of 55 sessions (11x5). I used the <a href="http://www.psych.rochester.edu/SDT/measures/IMI_scales.php" rel="nofollow">Task Evaluation Questionnaire</a> from the <a href="http://www.psych.rochester.edu/SDT/measures/IMI_description.... | g27653 | [
-0.06913506984710693,
0.009874897077679634,
-0.001810443471185863,
-0.05340583622455597,
0.002073298441246152,
-0.007147863507270813,
0.014058384113013744,
-0.00020079754176549613,
0.011397268623113632,
0.021864818409085274,
-0.0023331092670559883,
-0.03555334359407425,
-0.03593512251973152,... |
<p>Let's assume I have two models M1 and M2:</p>
<pre><code>M1: y ~ x1 + x2 + x3
M2: y ~ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
</code></pre>
<p>Since variable x4 has some missing values the sample size of M2 is lower than sample size of M1: n2 < n1.<br>
Is it still admissible to use AIC to compare models based on different sample s... | g27654 | [
0.017987772822380066,
-0.06409948319196701,
0.012551097199320793,
-0.04303035885095596,
-0.014003416523337364,
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0.007340273819863796,
-0.05259760096669197,
-0.07317648082971573,
0.020754056051373482,
0.020701605826616287,
0.038379114121198654,
0.023392174392938614,
0.... |
<p>I'm currently doing some self-study on Simple Linear Regression. I came across the terms "dependent variable" (eg. Sales volume) and "independent variable" (eg. Advertising budget). </p>
<p>I am curious to learn <strong>why</strong> is it <strong>called dependent and independent variable</strong>. I know what these... | g67890 | [
0.017613980919122696,
-0.018819669261574745,
0.0085695656016469,
0.013704758137464523,
-0.055143263190984726,
0.015486244112253189,
0.013652479276061058,
-0.010132398456335068,
0.007790691219270229,
-0.046968746930360794,
-0.03582850098609924,
0.022425133734941483,
0.02535361237823963,
0.0... |
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Possible Duplicate:</strong><br>
<a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/38856/how-to-generate-correlated-random-numbers-given-means-variances-and-degree-of">How to generate correlated random numbers (given means, variances and degree of correlation)?</a> </p>
</blockquote>
<p>... | g49376 | [
0.0009535160497762263,
-0.044972680509090424,
0.004748390056192875,
-0.03442965820431709,
0.0056178453378379345,
0.005944197531789541,
0.004845131188631058,
-0.006935862824320793,
0.02270136959850788,
-0.048294343054294586,
-0.029159989207983017,
0.02992827072739601,
0.008944009430706501,
... |
<p>Suppose we have a hierarchical model summarised by the following:</p>
<p>$y_{i} \sim N(\mu_{i}, \sigma^{2})$, for $i = 1, \ldots, n$; (For these purposes, assume $\sigma^{2}$ is known)</p>
<p>where $\mu_{i} = \alpha + \beta x_{i}$ and each $x_{i}$ is a given predictor variable for $i = 1, \ldots, n$</p>
<p>Next,<... | g14808 | [
0.025340300053358078,
-0.035559237003326416,
-0.028239943087100983,
-0.027734266594052315,
0.02582532726228237,
-0.0035549672320485115,
0.020864220336079597,
0.013378373347222805,
-0.0715351551771164,
-0.03706835210323334,
-0.08325141668319702,
0.022760817781090736,
-0.0010408415691927075,
... |
<p>I have a data that I want to sample such the resultant distribution of values should have specified mean and standard deviation. I can think of rejection sampling to achieve this however that seems to be overkill as rejection sampling tries to match complete distribution while I need only first two moment to be equa... | g49788 | [
0.04290694743394852,
-0.027747156098484993,
-0.012902740389108658,
-0.0576331652700901,
-0.03823454678058624,
0.005806347355246544,
-0.04359343647956848,
0.012142366729676723,
-0.02987860143184662,
-0.02718220092356205,
0.005979163106530905,
-0.019482623785734177,
0.014236079528927803,
0.0... |
<p>How to calculate accuracy of a neural network?
is there any functions or formulas?
knowing that I use neural net work for prediction, with 10 neurons in the input layer, and 2 Hidden layers and 1 neuron in the output layer.</p>
<p>for error minimization, I use MSE.</p>
<p>Thanks </p> | g67891 | [
0.028017738834023476,
-0.017078671604394913,
0.003172218566760421,
0.02138017676770687,
0.008574777282774448,
-0.0618261955678463,
0.03991270065307617,
0.05658777058124542,
-0.0862216129899025,
-0.003354592714458704,
-0.06750845164060593,
0.011516185477375984,
0.047196727246046066,
0.01187... |
<p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/Kr7yr.png" alt="enter image description here"></p>
<p>I want use this box plot to check it.
Thank you</p> | g67892 | [
-0.007970493286848068,
0.04388996958732605,
-0.003911131992936134,
-0.014944951049983501,
-0.039629485458135605,
-0.023296788334846497,
0.0011310216505080462,
0.0014275319408625364,
-0.03303755074739456,
-0.02652173489332199,
0.053817130625247955,
0.05744629725813866,
0.041089072823524475,
... |
<p>I have 2 datasets (nonpaired), P1 & P2, and I want to know 'scale parameter' of one to the other, aka P1=a*P2. </p>
<p>As both datasets are highly nonnormal, I am performing a Mann-Whitney Test on the data. I take the log of the data, do the MW test, get the Hodges-Lehmann shift estimate (HL) and then take the ... | g67893 | [
0.02638978697359562,
-0.03462569788098335,
-0.001035063760355115,
-0.02822006307542324,
-0.02044394612312317,
0.010247782804071903,
-0.03401446342468262,
-0.008056409657001495,
-0.0996750071644783,
-0.013311550952494144,
-0.003479825798422098,
0.026318233460187912,
0.03329719975590706,
0.0... |
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.mikeraulin.org/graziano7e/statistics/concepts/probing.htm" rel="nofollow" title="Graziano & Raulin Research Methods">Here</a> it says that planned comparisons should be linearly independent. </li>
<li><a href="http://dionysus.psych.wisc.edu/methods/Statistics/Planned%20contrasts%20and%2... | g9811 | [
0.03851250186562538,
-0.006012267433106899,
-0.03200412541627884,
-0.007202519569545984,
0.012404418550431728,
-0.04762814939022064,
-0.006051240488886833,
-0.009025000967085361,
-0.046970151364803314,
-0.01117051299661398,
0.015857622027397156,
-0.007758612744510174,
0.05131332948803902,
... |
<p>I've a timeseries dataset: </p>
<pre><code>t1 -> { k1 -> 10, k2 -> 20, k3 -> 21, k4 -> 100, k5 -> 50 }
t2 -> { k1 -> 11, k2 -> 22, k3 -> 5, k5 -> 200, k6 -> 10, k7 -> 5}
t3 -> { k1 -> 10, k2 -> 19, k3 -> 1, k4 -> 50, k5 -> 240, k6 -> 12, k7 -... | g67894 | [
-0.03403065353631973,
-0.034379005432128906,
-0.025661958381533623,
-0.03894922509789467,
-0.026530764997005463,
-0.06350155174732208,
0.037368737161159515,
0.004007777199149132,
-0.08008574694395065,
0.01728040538728237,
-0.011763029731810093,
0.0707080140709877,
0.057267963886260986,
0.0... |
<h3>Context:</h3>
<p>I have a study where six numeric variables are measured in each of two repeated measures experimental conditions (n = 200). Lets call the conditions $A$ and $B$ and the variables $A_1, A_2,..., A_6$ and $B_1, B_2,..., B_6$. Theoretically, I expect that in condition $B$ more variance in the variabl... | g23680 | [
0.01279163546860218,
-0.022935261949896812,
-0.016017423942685127,
-0.05665115639567375,
0.01614191010594368,
-0.046833932399749756,
0.04122023284435272,
0.012981928884983063,
-0.020530056208372116,
-0.016049515455961227,
-0.004471064079552889,
0.057111259549856186,
-0.03509371355175972,
0... |
<p>The extremely randomized trees classifier (<a href="http://scikit-learn.org/stable/" rel="nofollow">scikitlearn</a>) provides a (multivariate) feature importance measurement<a href="http://scikit-learn.org/dev/modules/ensemble.html#feature-importance-evaluation" rel="nofollow"> Ensemble methods/feature importance ev... | g27659 | [
-0.05162565037608147,
0.0003065384807996452,
0.012115603312849998,
-0.08389019221067429,
-0.0036203349009156227,
0.014908204786479473,
-0.02289346233010292,
0.015221177600324154,
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-0.012060603126883507,
-0.011850043199956417,
0.021104229614138603,
0.02030746266245842,
... |
<p>I'm trying to understand whether the observed time series can be described as a random walk or not.</p>
<p>When I check autocorrelations of the differences, none of the autocorrelation bars for the difference series exceeds the blue dashed thresholds. However, I was not sure whether it was enough, so I've tried the... | g67895 | [
-0.014792305417358875,
0.00417243642732501,
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0.008156618103384972,
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0.10452311486005783,
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0.0015427222242578864,
-0.056118179112672806,
-0.017887970432639122,
0.03859523683786392,
0.040842559188604355,
... |
<p>Suppose we have a model looking at the association between sodium intake $X$ and levels of body fat $Y$. So $Y$ is an ordinal variable that can take the integer values from $\{0,1,2 \}$. It is ordered according to increasing levels of body fat (e.g. "no bodyfat increase", "very little bodyfat increase", and "a lot ... | g48363 | [
0.011544952169060707,
0.03046087920665741,
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0.03079497441649437,
0.012102433480322361,
0.049124736338853836,
-0... |
<p>First of all, my background in statistics is a bit shaky these days due to a trauma to the brain. I am considering a study that examines at least three independent variables (e.g., creativity, locus of control, and assertiveness) on course grades (only grades were obtained not percentages . . . so this would be a r... | g44446 | [
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0.016869766637682915,
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0.0769183486700058,
0.038486167788505554,
0.007956178858876228,
-0.... |
<p>(I'm a bit outside my comfort zone, so apologies if this is badly worded, or off-topic)</p>
<p>I have a bibliographic database, containign details of about 1200 different papers, books, web sites etc, all with various details, including keywords and an abstract. I want to somehow analyse this database and produce ... | g67896 | [
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0.07973435521125793,
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0.08090520650148392,
0... |
<p>Chemical analyses of environmental samples are often censored below at reporting limits or various detection/quantitation limits. The latter can vary, usually in proportion to the values of other variables. For example, a sample with a high concentration of one compound might need to be diluted for analysis, resul... | g48366 | [
0.013473078608512878,
-0.044832851737737656,
0.010921959765255451,
-0.02998238615691662,
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0.02771480195224285,
0.03139534220099449,
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0.02260548621416092,
... |
<p>I am fitting a GLM model (in R), and would like to get an estimation of the variability of the coefficients estimated by the model.</p>
<p>If I understand it correctly the method to use in such a case is bootstraping (not, cross validation).</p>
<p>Am I correct that an easy way to do this is by using the boot comm... | g503 | [
0.003369339043274522,
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0.009156735613942146,
0.03463689237833023,
0.04670953378081322,
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0.000010194059541390743,
-0.0579526387155056,
0.04210374131798744,
0.04399045184254646,
0.036... |
<p>I have a multiple linear regression model with a square-root transformed dependent variable. </p>
<p>I want to report % deviance explained for each parameter. I assume I need to back-transform in some way, but I am not sure how. Or is it okay to report % deviance explained on the original (non-transformed) model? ... | g67897 | [
0.004050216171890497,
-0.035704854875802994,
-0.006251961458474398,
-0.0066681900061666965,
0.04979271814227104,
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0.04235696420073509,
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-0.029092183336615562,
-0.04395974427461624,
0.06272900849580765,
0.030363664031028748,... |
<p>So I have some data of which I'm looking at two different metrics, the first being "how sick a person is (higher = sicker)", and the second being "the presence of adverse events", and I've run 20 experiments:</p>
<pre><code>table=
Columns 1 through 11
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 ... | g38473 | [
0.03370092436671257,
0.030187608674168587,
-0.0021402030251920223,
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0.06064849719405174,
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0.021429333835840225,
0.04072520509362221,
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-0.05672048404812813,
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0.04628066346049309,
0.05492318049073219,
-0.03... |
<p>In statistical inference, it's common that investigators will report the results from Wald tests for simple univariate inference or likelihood ratio tests for nested models. However, in regression modeling, under standard assumptions about the normality of errors, the F-test is exact and equally powerful in finite s... | g37446 | [
0.030549122020602226,
0.007972793653607368,
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0.02819354459643364,
0.01616671308875084,
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-0.056162599474191666,
0.030106501653790474,
-0.046198803931474686,
0.04356415569782257,
0.025... |
<p>I have been reading a paper by Cole, Ciesla, and Steiger, which argues in many cases allowing residuals to correlate is justified. However, I am not entirely sure what it means for residuals to correlate. A good definition and example would be much appreciated. </p>
<p><a href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/... | g67898 | [
0.01842525042593479,
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0.009333922527730465,
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0.012950596399605274,
0.00013563410902861506,
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0.007482355460524559,
-0.019280778244137764,
-0.017325308173894882,
... |
<p>I have been struggling to figure this out for awhile, and I haven't had much luck with find this on the internets. I want to fit a gamm model using the gamm function from the mgcv package in R. As near as I can tell the random terms you put into the "random" argument to the function apply to the parametric coeffic... | g67899 | [
0.005067701451480389,
-0.042124778032302856,
0.005246509797871113,
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0.0021267649717628956,
-0.00942496582865715,
-0.003466818481683731,
0.05266561359167099,
-... |
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Possible Duplicate:</strong><br>
<a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/36/correlation-does-not-mean-causation">Correlation does not mean causation</a> </p>
</blockquote>
<p>What is your favorite example of a confounding variable / confounding effect?</p> | g49789 | [
0.057213276624679565,
0.015559788793325424,
0.004129036795347929,
-0.03314964100718498,
0.03432014212012291,
0.01475663110613823,
0.020855506882071495,
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0.010621780529618263,
-0.04401732236146927,
0.012187518179416656,
0.018733689561486244,
-0.016594843938946724,
0.06... |
<p>I study several chemicals that their effects on different <em>reference</em> surfaces is measured and plotted individually (on a semi-log plot of effect vs concentration of chemical).</p>
<p>Is there a way to find out that chemical A and C are quite similar while A and B are 25% similar using <strong>all</strong> d... | g67900 | [
0.013847189024090767,
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0.0297248475253582,
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0.0036299896892160177,
0.013491545803844929,
0.0424376055598259,
0.031233495101332664,
0.0149... |
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