page_content stringlengths 12 2.63M | metadata unknown |
|---|---|
The nurse should do the following for clients who are taking urinary anti-infectives:
- Before administering the drug, check the client's medical history, current drug list, and allergies.
- Before administering the drug, confirm the results of baseline laboratory tests, including, but not limited to, urinalysis, uri... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 35 Urinary and Bladder Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Nursing Implications**",
"token_count": 245,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
- 35.2.1 Identify the characteristics of urinary antispasmodic, antimuscarinic, and anticholinergic drugs used for urinary and bladder disorders.
- 35.2.2 Explain the indications, actions, adverse reactions, contraindications, and interactions of urinary antispasmodi... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 35 Urinary and Bladder Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**LEARNING OUTCOMES**",
"token_count": 264,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Antimuscarinics are drugs within the anticholinergic class that block the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle contractions, including those of the bladder. (See [Drugs to Treat Myasthenia Gravis and](#page-290-1) [Alzheimer's Disease](#page-290-1) and [Drugs to Treat Parkinson's Disease and M... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 35 Urinary and Bladder Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Antimuscarinics and Anticholinergics**",
"token_count": 273,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Tolterodine tartrate is indicated for use in clients with an overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency (Narain & Parmar, 2023).
Adverse effects include dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, constipation, dysuria, dry skin, and weight gain. It is contraindicated in clients with uri... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 35 Urinary and Bladder Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Tolterodine Tartrate**",
"token_count": 811,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
- 35.3.1 Identify the characteristics of urinary analgesic drugs used for urinary and bladder disorders.
- 35.3.2 Explain the indications, actions, adverse reactions, contraindications, and interactions of urinary analgesic drugs used for urinary and bladder disorder... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 35 Urinary and Bladder Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**LEARNING OUTCOMES**",
"token_count": 305,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
- 35.5.1 Identify the characteristics of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- 35.5.2 Explain the indications, actions, adverse reactions, contraindications, and interactions of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors used to treat benig... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 35 Urinary and Bladder Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**LEARNING OUTCOMES**",
"token_count": 265,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
- **angioedema** a reaction similar to hives that results in swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and/or larynx
- **anti-infectives** a class of drugs that work to prevent or treat infections
- **anticholinergics** a class of drugs that block the action of acetylcholine, thereby inhibiting nerve impulses responsible for... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 35 Urinary and Bladder Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Key Terms**",
"token_count": 1444,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
- 36.1 [Review of the Female Reproductive System](#page-933-0)
- 36.2 [Hormonal, Contraception, and Infertility Drugs](#page-937-0)
- 36.3 [Uterine Motility Drugs and Lactation Considerations](#page-949-0)
- 36.4 [Bisphosphonates, Calcium Preparations, Vitamin D, and Estrogen Receptor Modulators](#page-957-0)
- 36.5 [R... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 36 Reproductive Health Drugs",
"Header 3": "**CHAPTER OUTLINE**",
"token_count": 484,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The female reproductive system (also referred to as the ovarian reproductive system) is made up of internal and external organs (see [Figure 36.2](#page-933-1)). The external parts, known also as the vulva (see [Figure 36.3\)](#page-934-0), include the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vaginal and urethral openings... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 36 Reproductive Health Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive System**",
"token_count": 614,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The major hormones affecting the female reproduction system are secreted from three locations in the body. The hypothalamus secretes a hormone known as the **gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)**. The anterior pituitary is stimulated by GnRH to secrete two hormones: **Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)** and **Lutein... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 36 Reproductive Health Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Hormones**",
"token_count": 525,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The **menstrual cycle** refers to the monthly changes in hormones and reproductive organs that usually occurs on a 28-day cycle. The length of the cycle is different for each client and may be shorter or longer or even irregular for some individuals. The first menstrual cycle is known as **menarche** and generally begi... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 36 Reproductive Health Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Menstrual Cycle**",
"token_count": 720,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Once a client has passed the age when they have regular monthly cycles, they have entered **perimenopause**. During perimenopause, the monthly menstrual cycle generally becomes irregular. A client may experience a missed cycle for one month and then have a period the following month. Cycles may occur closer together, t... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 36 Reproductive Health Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Menopause**",
"token_count": 481,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Estrogen is produced in the body in four types: estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and estetrol (E4) (Hariri & Rehman, 2023). Indications for the use of estrogen include **hormone replacement therapy** (HRT) during menopause to relieve signs and symptoms such as vaginal dryness, hot flashes, mood swings, and p... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 36 Reproductive Health Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Estrogens**",
"token_count": 874,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Adverse effects of estrogens are related mostly to the retention of fluids. Migraine headaches, bloating, weight gain, mood depression, stroke, and cardiovascular disease are known adverse reactions and can be life-threatening.
Contraindications for estrogens include hormone-positive breast cancer, undiagnosed uterin... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 36 Reproductive Health Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Adverse Effects and Contraindications**",
"token_count": 943,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
**Contraceptives** are a group of medications, generally natural or synthetic hormone preparations, used to prevent pregnancy. Hormonal contraceptive medications work at distinct stages within the female (ovarian) reproductive system and use a variety of methods to interrupt the normal cycle of hormone release, egg fer... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 36 Reproductive Health Drugs",
"Header 2": "LINK TO LEARNING",
"Header 3": "**Contraceptives**",
"token_count": 473,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The most frequent side effects of all birth control methods are nausea and breakthrough bleeding. Instructing the client to take the medication before going to bed is one of the best ways to manage nausea so that the client is asleep when the worst of the nausea occurs. Eating small meals frequently, avoiding spicy and... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 36 Reproductive Health Drugs",
"Header 2": "Dealing with Side Effects of Birth Control Methods",
"token_count": 213,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Oral contraceptives are pills that contain either a combination of estrogen and progestin or progestin alone. Oral contraceptives are prescribed based on a client's medical history, needs, and risk factors. **Combined oral contraceptives (COCs)** contain estrogen and progestin in varying dosages. The type of progestin ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 36 Reproductive Health Drugs",
"Header 2": "Dealing with Side Effects of Birth Control Methods",
"Header 3": "**Oral and Injectable Contraceptives**",
"token_count": 1347,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
In addition to oral and injectable contraceptives, **intrauterine devices (IUDs)** and **implanted contraceptive devices** are available. The advantages to these forms of contraception are their long-term effects and ease of use. They do not require remembering to take daily pills or scheduling appointments for injecti... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 36 Reproductive Health Drugs",
"Header 2": "Contraceptive Options [\\(https://openstax.org/r/womenshealth\\)](https://openstax.org/r/womenshealth)",
"Header 3": "**Intrauterine and Implanted Contraceptives**",
"token_count": 776,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Ph... |
Contraindications include active STI or recent pelvic infection, pregnancy, cancer of the cervix or uterus, or unexplained vaginal bleeding. Hormonal IUDs should not be used by clients who have had breast cancer.
Side effects include bleeding and spotting as the uterus adjusts to the IUD. Other adverse effects includ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 36 Reproductive Health Drugs",
"Header 2": "Contraceptive Options [\\(https://openstax.org/r/womenshealth\\)](https://openstax.org/r/womenshealth)",
"Header 3": "**Adverse Effects and Contraindications**",
"token_count": 257,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharma... |
Two other hormonal contraceptive methods are a transdermal patch and a vaginal ring. The patch contains an estrogen–progestin combination and is applied weekly for 3 weeks and left off for 1 week. The vaginal ring also contains a combination of estrogen–progestin and is inserted once and left in place for 3 weeks. The ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 36 Reproductive Health Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Other Contraceptive Methods**",
"token_count": 430,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The oral and transdermal methods can be initiated using a first-day start method, a quick start method, or a Sunday start method. All are equally effective. The **first-day start method** means the client starts the contraceptive on day 1 of their menstrual cycle and continues as directed. The **quick start method** me... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Current Medications**",
"Header 3": "**Initiating Contraceptives**",
"token_count": 228,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Infertility drugs constitute a highly specialized class of drugs. The content in this chapter is intended to give the reader an introduction to the topic. Infertility can occur for numerous reasons that are beyond the scope of this
chapter to detail. Some causes of infertility are related to impaired hormone secretio... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Infertility Drugs**",
"token_count": 775,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The nurse should do the following for clients who are taking hormone therapy, contraceptives, or infertility drugs:
- Assess client's baseline health status to include medical history, physical exam, and complete medication history, including herbal remedies and over-the-counter (OTC) medications.
- Assess for factor... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Nursing Implications**",
"token_count": 312,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Oxytocics are used to induce and increase uterine contractions during labor. The two drugs in this category are methylergonovine and oxytocin. These drugs are administered in labor and delivery or postpartum units in a medical facility where the client can be monitored closely.
Methylergonovine is administered IM or ... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Oxytocics**",
"token_count": 682,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Methylergonovine is contraindicated or used cautiously in clients who have coronary artery disease, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia because it may increase the risk for more serious side effects. Kidney and liver disease are also conditions that may require caution when using methylergonovine because of delayed metab... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Oxytocics**",
"Header 3": "**Adverse Effects and Contraindications**",
"token_count": 1051,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Abortifacients are medications used to evacuate the uterus via powerful contractions. These contractions empty the uterus of implanted **trophoblasts**, the cells that become the placenta, and prevent any fertilized egg from being implanted. Abortifacients are used during weeks 12–20 to terminate a pregnancy or to expe... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Oxytocics**",
"Header 3": "**Abortifacients**",
"token_count": 530,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Drug therapy must be approached cautiously during pregnancy, as some medications may have serious effects for the pregnant client or the fetus. Medications can be passed to the fetus through the placental membrane. Some medications are **teratogenic**, meaning they can cause serious birth defects, especially if given w... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation**",
"token_count": 347,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
- 36.4.1 Identify the characteristics of bisphosphates, calcium, vitamin D, and estrogen receptor modulator drugs used to treat osteoporosis.
- 36.4.2 Explain the indications, actions, adverse reactions, and interactions of bisphosphates, calcium, vitamin D, and estr... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**LEARNING OUTCOMES**",
"token_count": 351,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Calcium, the most abundant mineral in the body, is necessary for bone development and bone maintenance. In fact, about 98% of the body's calcium is stored in the bones. Calcium from food and supplements is absorbed by both active transport and passive diffusion across the intestinal mucosa. Vitamin D is essential for c... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Calcium Preparations**",
"token_count": 399,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Raloxifene is used to prevent and treat postmenopausal osteoporosis by increasing bone density. Contraindications include allergy, pregnancy, and lactation. Caution should be used for clients with a history of deep vein thrombosis and/or smoking because of the risk of clot development. Adverse effects are like those of... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Estrogen Receptor Modulators**",
"Header 3": "**Raloxifene**",
"token_count": 531,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Toremifene is used to treat clients who have estrogen receptor–positive advanced breast cancer. Toremifene works by binding to estrogen receptors, which prevents cancer cells from developing. Contraindications include allergy to the drug, pregnancy and lactation, and hypercalcemia. Caution must be used in prescribing t... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "FDA BLACK BOX WARNING",
"Header 3": "**Toremifene**",
"token_count": 595,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The male reproductive system (also referred to as the testicular reproductive system) is made up of internal and external organs (see [Figure 36.5](#page-963-0)). The external organs include the scrotum, testes, epididymis, and penis. The internal organs are the vas deferens, prostate gland, ejaculatory ducts, seminal ... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System**",
"token_count": 458,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Some of the same hormones that are produced in individuals assigned female at birth are also produced in those assigned males at birth, and those include GnRH and the gonadotropins, LH and FSH. As discussed in [Review of the](#page-933-0) [Female Reproductive System,](#page-933-0) GnRH is produced in the hypothalamus. ... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Hormones**",
"token_count": 270,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
- 36.6.1 Identify the characteristics of androgen, antiandrogen, and anabolic steroid drugs used to treat reproductive disorders.
- 36.6.2 Explain the indications, actions, adverse reactions, and interactions of androgen, antiandrogen, and anabolic steroid drugs used... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**LEARNING OUTCOMES**",
"token_count": 234,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Androgens are sex hormones. Testosterone is the primary androgen and is produced in the testes. The other androgens are produced in the adrenal glands. Testosterone is responsible for the growth and development of male sex organs and the secondary sex characteristics such as voice deepening, hair distribution, and redi... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Androgens**",
"token_count": 529,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
In general, anabolic steroids can cause electrolyte imbalances, liver damage, insomnia, weight gain, acne, depression, anxiety, aggression, increased cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels, hypertension, and changes in the structure of the left ventricle of the heart (DailyMed, Oxandrolone tablet, 2022).
The ... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Adverse Effects and Contraindications**",
"Header 3": "**Adverse Effects and Contraindications**",
"token_count": 1098,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The nurse should do the following for clients who are taking androgens, antiandrogens, anabolic steroids, or GnRH analogues:
- Determine the reason for use of androgens, antiandrogens, anabolic steroids, or GnRH analogues.
- Assess understanding of indication for specific drug therapy and ability to comprehend instru... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Adverse Effects and Contraindications**",
"Header 3": "**Nursing Implications**",
"token_count": 235,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland. This condition usually begins in mid-life and increases in prevalence as male individuals age. Studies have reported that about 8% of males in the fourth decade of life have BPH. That number increases significantly to about 50% in... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia**",
"token_count": 226,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors such as finasteride and dutasteride block conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, resulting in shrinkage of the prostate gland. Improvement is not seen until the client has been on the medication for several weeks. Maximum results should occur about 6 months after the start o... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors**",
"token_count": 296,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
- **5-alpha-reductase inhibitors** medication used to treat BPH; works by shrinking the prostate gland
- **abortifacients** medications that cause complete evacuation of the contents of the uterus
- **alpha blockers** medication used to treat BPH; works by relaxing the smooth muscle of the prostate and bladder neck
- *... | {
"Header 1": "CASE STUDY",
"Header 2": "**Key Terms**",
"token_count": 2039,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
- 37.1 [Overview of Transgender and Nonbinary Health](#page-980-2)
- 37.2 [Feminizing Hormonal Therapy](#page-982-0)
- 37.3 [Masculinizing Hormonal Therapy](#page-991-0)
**INTRODUCTION** Transgender and nonbinary health care encompasses many aspects. This chapter begins by listing and defining some of the preferred t... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "**CHAPTER OUTLINE**",
"token_count": 228,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
- 37.1.1 Differentiate among terms related to gender identity.
- 37.1.2 Identify clinical manifestations related to gender dysphoria.
Often, **gender nonconforming** individuals do not experience health care access in an accepting, nonthreatening, affirming, and su... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "**37.1 Overview of Transgender and Nonbinary Health**",
"Header 3": "**LEARNING OUTCOMES**",
"token_count": 359,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
**Gender identity** describes a person's deeply held beliefs about which, if any, gender they identify with—man, woman, gender fluid, or nonbinary. A person's gender identity is not always the same as the sex assigned at birth and is not always related to an individual's sexual organs or sex characteristics. Instead, i... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Terms Related to Gender Identity**",
"token_count": 658,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Gender dysphoria is a medical diagnosis that describes the condition of an individual who is experiencing social and mental distress because of gender identity issues. The feelings may range from unease to severe distress and can impair the individual's ability to function in society. Going to school, work, and other s... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Clinical Manifestations of Gender Dysphoria**",
"token_count": 401,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Intersex is a general term used to describe people whose sex traits, reproductive anatomy, hormones, or chromosomes are different from the usual two ways human bodies develop. Some intersex traits are recognized at birth, while others are not recognizable until puberty or later in life. Intersex people and transgender ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Supporting Intersex People**",
"token_count": 312,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
- 37.2.1 Identify the characteristics of feminizing hormonal drugs used for transgender and nonbinary therapy.
- 37.2.2 Explain the indications, actions, adverse reactions, and interactions of feminizing hormonal drugs used for transgender and nonbinary therapy.
- 37... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "**LEARNING OUTCOMES**",
"token_count": 464,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The purpose of estrogen is to continue the development of secondary female sex characteristics. Estrogen works through a negative feedback loop to suppress gonadotropin secretion from the pituitary gland and results in reduced androgen production. Usually, estrogen alone will not achieve sufficient androgen control. Th... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Estrogen**",
"token_count": 621,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Progesterone is a hormone that is classified as a progestin and aids in the development of secondary female sexual characteristics. Progestins are metabolized by the liver and excreted in urine. Contraindications, precautions, and adverse events are similar to those for estrogen. (See [Reproductive Health Drugs](#page-... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Progesterone**",
"token_count": 588,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Finasteride is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor essential for the development of male sex characteristics before birth, such as the formation of external genitalia. It acts to inhibit the conversion of testosterone to 5-alphadihydrotestosterone. Finasteride does not block the production or action of testosterone. Thus, it... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Finasteride**",
"token_count": 277,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The nurse should do the following for clients who are taking feminizing hormones:
- Assess baseline health, including underlying medical conditions, current medications, and pertinent laboratory and diagnostic results.
- Be cognizant of the client's feelings, values, and culture in order to render sensitive care.
- M... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Nursing Implications**",
"token_count": 344,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
- 37.3.1 Identify the characteristics of masculinizing hormonal drugs used for transgender and nonbinary therapy.
- 37.3.2 Explain the indications, actions, adverse reactions, and interactions of masculinizing hormonal drugs used for transgender and nonbinary therapy... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "**LEARNING OUTCOMES**",
"token_count": 613,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Androgens are a group of male hormones, including testosterone. They can be endogenous (produced in the body) or synthetic (developed in a laboratory). All forms of androgens assist with the development of male secondary sex characteristics (Deutsch, 2016; Hembree et al., 2017; Mayo Clinic, 2021b; T'Sjoen et al., 2019;... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Androgens**",
"token_count": 204,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Danazol is a synthetic androgen that inhibits pituitary gonadotropins and in turn suppresses ovarian response to the pituitary. Danazol has weak properties and acts similarly to testosterone. In females it causes masculinization effects. Generally, the pituitary-suppressive action of danazol is reversible.
Contraindi... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "Androgens and Diabetic Medication",
"Header 3": "**Danazol**",
"token_count": 200,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The nurse should do the following for clients who are taking masculinizing hormones:
- Assess baseline health, including underlying medical conditions, current medications, and pertinent laboratory and diagnostic results.
- Be cognizant of the client's feelings, values, and culture in order to render sensitive care.
... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Nursing Implications**",
"token_count": 340,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
**The client taking a masculinizing hormone should:**
- Know the names, actions, effects, side effects, contraindications, and precautions related to each medication.
- Understand the schedule for medication administration—time, dosage, and route.
- Know how to self-administer parenteral or transdermal medication.
- ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES",
"token_count": 239,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Virilization has been reported in children who were secondarily exposed to **topical testosterone** gel/solutions. Children should avoid contact with adult application sites for these products.
Serious reactions, involving urge to cough, dyspnea, throat tightening, chest pain, dizziness, syncope, and episodes of anap... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 37 Transgender and Nonbinary Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Testosterone**",
"token_count": 256,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
38.1 [Introduction to the Eyes](#page-1000-2) 38.2 [Ocular Anti-inflammatories and Anti-infectives](#page-1007-0) 38.3 [Ocular Anesthetics and Lubricants](#page-1019-0) 38.4 [Antiglaucoma Drugs](#page-1023-0)
**INTRODUCTION** The eye is a major sensory organ through which a person obtains information about the extern... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**CHAPTER OUTLINE**",
"token_count": 209,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The human eye is an extension of the brain. Diseases of the brain are sometimes diagnosed by abnormalities seen in the eye. There are eye symptoms that can be benign or progress with age, such as **cataracts**, whereas other ocular symptoms can be red flags for neurological conditions.
 ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Eye Structures and Functions**",
"token_count": 1303,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Refraction of light rays is the deflection or bending of rays as they pass through one object and into another of greater or lesser density. **Refractive errors** occur when the shape of the eye keeps light from focusing directly on the retina, thereby distorting how objects are seen. When looking at a distant object, ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Eye Disorders**",
"Header 3": "**Refractive Errors**",
"token_count": 427,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
**Glaucoma** is a group of diseases characterized by a decrease in peripheral vision due to an obstruction of aqueous humor that increases IOP, which can damage the optic nerve. This leads to diminished and/or distorted vision. Glaucoma can be an inherited condition or occur spontaneously. Black, Hispanic, and Asian cl... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Glaucoma**",
"token_count": 277,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The nurse should be aware that a client's anxiety can artificially increase an IOP reading. It is important to acknowledge the client's wariness about the tonometer touching the cornea, but the nurse should reassure the client that a numbing drop is used alleviate any perceived discomfort.
Clients are considered "gla... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "Anxiety Can Affect IOP",
"token_count": 388,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
**Macular degeneration** occurs when the central portion of the retina inhibits central vision but maintains peripheral vision. Macular degeneration occurs in some clients as the macula ages. There are two types of degeneration:
- Dry macular degeneration (DMD) often has characteristic drusen, which consists of yello... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Macular Degeneration**",
"token_count": 215,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Ocular inflammation and infection occur when the eye has become inflamed or infected through either illness or injury. **Conjunctivitis**, referred to as pink eye, occurs when the thin layer of tissue in front of the eye becomes irritated and red, often producing a sticky coating on the eyelashes. These symptoms can in... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Macular Degeneration**",
"Header 3": "**Ocular Inflammation and Infection**",
"token_count": 885,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
To properly administer solution or drops, the client should:
- 1. Check the expiration date prior to administration, and discard if expired.
- 2. Wash and dry hands thoroughly before administering eye medication.
- 3. Shake the bottle gently to ensure the medication is evenly distributed, especially if the drug is a ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Administration of Solution or Drops**",
"token_count": 308,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
To properly administer ointment, the client should:
- 1. Wash and dry hands thoroughly before administering eye medication.
- 2. Hold the tube between their hands for 2–4 minutes to warm the ointment.
- 3. Tilt their head back and stare upward.
- 4. Pull the lower eyelid away from the eye to form a pouch.
- 5. Hold t... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "Geriatric and Pediatric Administration",
"Header 3": "**Administration of Ointment**",
"token_count": 278,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
For ocular use, this drug is available in ophthalmic drops.
[Table 38.4](#page-1011-0) lists common ocular corticosteroids and typical routes and dosing for adult clients.
| Drug | Routes and Dosage Ranges ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Ocular Corticosteroids**",
"Header 3": "**Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate**",
"token_count": 378,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Topical antibacterials are used to treat ophthalmic infections and to prevent infection after ocular surgery. Bacterial infections are and will remain contagious until treated for 24–48 hours. There are various antibacterials that have ophthalmic uses. These agents are active against numerous gram-positive and gram-neg... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Ocular Antibacterials**",
"token_count": 417,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
This drug is the first-line agent in treating simple cases of bacterial conjunctivitis. It prevents the further growth of bacteria rather than directly destroying them. Interestingly, because this drug is administered via ointment form, even if it stays on the eyelid and eyelashes, it still provides a therapeutic effec... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Ocular Antibacterials**",
"Header 3": "**Erythromycin**",
"token_count": 1094,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Ocular antibacterials can cause blurred vision; therefore, safety factors must be in place to prevent falls (uncluttered environment, adequate lighting, walking devices in reach). Hypersensitivity reactions to these drugs or any of their components can occur even with the first dose, so the nurse must make clients awar... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Ocular Antibacterials**",
"Header 3": "**Adverse Effects and Contraindications**",
"token_count": 280,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
If ciprofloxacin is concurrently given with a systemic fluoroquinolone, arthropathy (tendon inflammation and tendon rupture) can occur. This usually occurs in young and older populations.
[Table 38.7](#page-1015-0) is a drug prototype table for ocular antibacterials featuring ciprofloxacin. It lists drug class, mecha... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "(DailyMed, Ciprofloxacin, 2022).",
"token_count": 706,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Topical antifungals are active against a variety of yeast and filamentous fungi. Some of these include candida,
aspergillus, cephalosporium, fusarium, and penicillium. The only FDA-approved drug for ocular fungal infections is natamycin (Natacyn). This is a polyene antibiotic. Although the activity against fungi is d... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Ocular Antifungals**",
"token_count": 251,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
There are no true contraindications except for hypersensitivity to the drug's active and nonactive ingredients. If one has a known sensitivity to any of the ingredients, the drug should be avoided (DailyMed, Natacyn, 2023).
[Table 38.9](#page-1018-0) is a drug prototype table for ocular antifungals featuring natamyci... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Ocular Antifungals**",
"Header 3": "**Adverse Effects and Contraindications**",
"token_count": 499,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
This drug has a slow onset with a long duration of action. It may only need to be administered once. Clients should
not touch the eye while it is numb to avoid accidental injury due to the insensitivity of the eye (Mayo Clinic, 2023b).
| Drug | Routes and Dosage Ranges ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Tetracaine HCL**",
"token_count": 457,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Eye lubricants are used to temporarily relieve burning, irritation, and discomfort caused by dry eyes. They serve as a protector from further eye irritation. These products come in various forms: gel, ointment, emulsion, and solution. Most of these can be found over-the-counter (OTC); therefore, it is important clients... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Ocular Lubricants**",
"token_count": 377,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
- 38.4.1 Identify the characteristics of antiglaucoma drugs used to treat glaucoma-related eye disorders.
- 38.4.2 Explain the indications, actions, adverse reactions, and interactions of antiglaucoma drugs used to treat glaucoma-related eye disorders.
- 38.4.3 Descr... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**LEARNING OUTCOMES**",
"token_count": 578,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
All beta blockers end in the suffix "olol." This is useful to know when the nurse does not recognize the drug's name but can identify it is a beta blocker based on its suffix.
| Drug | Routes and Dosage Ranges ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "Identifying Names of Beta Blockers",
"token_count": 471,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Ocular beta-adrenergic blockers are contraindicated in clients who have a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients. They also are contraindicated in clients with sinus bradycardia, second- or third-degree AV block, cardiogenic shock, or severe heart failure.
Ocular adverse effects of beta-adrenergic blockers ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "Identifying Names of Beta Blockers",
"Header 3": "**Adverse Effects and Contraindications**",
"token_count": 880,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists work by reducing aqueous outflow to lower pressure. Combigan is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist combined with a beta blocker (timolol). This drug synergistically uses both mechanisms of action to reduce IOP. If an ocular beta blocker is contraindicated, an alpha-2 adrenergic agent can be used ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists**",
"token_count": 206,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
- **accommodation** ability of the lens to change shape when looking alternatively at a near object and far object
- **aqueous humor** fluid typically produced in the posterior chamber of the eye, which nourishes the internal structures and maintains a homeostatic eye pressure
- **astigmatism** when the cornea or lens ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 38 Ophthalmic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Key Terms**",
"token_count": 255,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
The ear is connected to the central nervous system through inputs from the **vestibulocochlear nerve**—the eighth cranial nerve—which transmits sound from the inner ear to the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe of the brain. The vestibulocochlear nerve splits into the vestibular and cochlear nerves. The **vestibular ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 39 Otic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Ear Structure and Function**",
"token_count": 879,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
**Otitis media** is an inflammation or infection of the middle ear. It typically occurs when the client has a cold, upper respiratory infection, or secondhand smoke exposure. Children are more likely to develop otitis media because of their horizontal Eustachian tube architecture, which increases the likelihood of flui... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 39 Otic Drugs",
"Header 2": "The Ear",
"Header 3": "**Otitis Media**",
"token_count": 416,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Nurses must be aware of an emerging deadly fungal infection of the ear known as Candida auris. This fungal infection was first found in a Japanese person's ear canal in 2009. Since then, there have been more than 3,000 systemic cases in the United States and more than 7,000 cases where the fungus has been found but has... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 39 Otic Drugs",
"Header 2": "Candida auris",
"token_count": 218,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Adverse effects are rare; however, clients can experience allergic reactions characterized by rash, itching, and redness. Dizziness may occur. Prolonged usage can result in a superinfection that requires additional medications to resolve.
[Table 39.1](#page-1042-1) is a drug prototype table for otic anti-inflammatori... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 39 Otic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Adverse Effects and Contraindications**",
"token_count": 583,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Otic anti-infectives are indicated for clients who have otitis externa. Topical anti-infectives are prescribed to treat bacterial infections but are ineffective for viral infections. If the infection does not improve after 1 week of treatment, cultures and susceptibility tests should be repeated to verify the identity ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 39 Otic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Otic Topical Anti-infectives**",
"token_count": 625,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Systemic otic anti-infectives are indicated for clients who have otitis media. Acute otitis media in adults can cause significant complications; therefore, most adults are treated with antibiotic therapy (Limb et al., 2023). Antibiotic therapy is used more judiciously in children to avoid antibiotic resistance and side... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 39 Otic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Systemic Anti-infectives for Infections of the Ear**",
"token_count": 841,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Systemic antibiotics can lead to diarrhea and possibly pseudomembranous colitis and Clostridium difficile infection. Symptoms of C. difficile can range from mild to life-threatening and may require hospitalization and extended
therapy. Antibiotic-related diarrhea can occur up to 2 months after ceasing antibiotic ther... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 39 Otic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Systemic Anti-infectives for Infections of the Ear**",
"Header 3": "**Adverse Effects and Contraindications**",
"token_count": 496,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
**Antihistamines** decrease congestion of mucous membranes, which might decrease corresponding obstruction of tubes within the ear. Antihistamines are used primarily to treat allergies and manage symptoms related to upper respiratory infections. Selected first-generation antihistamines are included here. Please refer t... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 39 Otic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Antihistamines**",
"token_count": 503,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Decongestants should be avoided in clients who have a history of hypertension or heart disease because these medications can raise blood pressure and stimulate the heart. They can increase intraocular pressure in clients who have glaucoma; particularly among clients with benign prostatic hypertrophy, decongestants can ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 39 Otic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Decongestants**",
"Header 3": "**Adverse Effects and Contraindications**",
"token_count": 651,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
- **antihistamine** medication that relieves allergy symptoms, including stuffy nose and watery eyes
- **barotrauma** trauma that occurs when the air pressure in the middle ear does not equalize with ambient pressure
- **benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)** a condition of the inner ear where otoliths migrate i... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 39 Otic Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Key Terms**",
"token_count": 811,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
40.1 [Introduction to the Skin and Its Function](#page-1056-2) 40.2 [Acne Drugs](#page-1058-0) 40.3 [Psoriatic Drugs](#page-1063-0) 40.4 [Other Dermatologic Condition Drugs and Topical Anti-infectives for Burns](#page-1069-0)
**INTRODUCTION** The skin, in addition to being the largest organ of the body, is a very com... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 40 Dermatologic Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**CHAPTER OUTLINE**",
"token_count": 205,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
- 40.1.1 Discuss the skin and its two major layers.
- 40.1.2 Identify the five layers of the epidermis and their purposes.
- 40.1.3 Describe the two layers of the dermis and their purposes.
- 40.1.4 Explain the role of the hypodermis as it relates to the skin and der... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 40 Dermatologic Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**LEARNING OUTCOMES**",
"token_count": 939,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
- 40.2.1 Identify the characteristics of drugs used to treat acne.
- 40.2.2 Explain the indications, actions, adverse reactions, and interactions of drugs used to treat acne.
- 40.2.3 Describe nursing implications of drugs used to treat acne.
- 40.2.4 Explain the cli... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 40 Dermatologic Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**LEARNING OUTCOMES**",
"token_count": 410,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Topical acne medications are often used in combination with systemic acne medications to provide better management of acne. Topical therapy is applied directly to the skin that is affected by the presence of acne lesions. Azelaic acid 15% and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% are used in both acne and rosacea to eliminate bacteria... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 40 Dermatologic Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Topical Acne Drugs**",
"token_count": 274,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
- 40.3.1 Identify the characteristics of drugs used to treat psoriasis.
- 40.3.2 Explain the indications, actions, adverse reactions, and interactions of drugs used to treat psoriasis.
- 40.3.3 Describe nursing implications of drugs used to treat psoriasis.
- 40.3.4 ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 40 Dermatologic Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**LEARNING OUTCOMES**",
"token_count": 399,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Systemic drugs used in the treatment of psoriasis include methoxsalen and acitretin. Methoxsalen is not effective as a monotherapy. It is used in combination with ultraviolet (UV) light therapy to increase its effects. A safety concern with the use of this medication is that when clients are exposed to other sources of... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 40 Dermatologic Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Systemic Psoriatic Drugs**",
"token_count": 461,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Systemic psoriatic drugs that are classified as retinoids may cause systemic effects such as hypersensitivities, hypervitaminosis A syndrome, myocardial infarction, stroke, thromboembolism, neuropathy, yeast infections, capillary leak syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis, and skin fragility. These drugs are contraindicated... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 40 Dermatologic Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Systemic Psoriatic Drugs**",
"Header 3": "**Adverse Effects and Contraindications**",
"token_count": 503,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Topical treatments for psoriasis are contraindicated for areas of open skin, mucous membranes, genitals, and the face. Adverse effects may be related to improper use of these medications. Applying too much or too often may cause excessive drying and irritation of the skin. Redness, flaking, or broken areas may also dev... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 40 Dermatologic Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Adverse Effects and Contraindications**",
"token_count": 406,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Biologic response modifiers and monoclonal antibodies are used in the treatment of psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases to reduce inflammation. Etanercept and infliximab decrease inflammation in psoriasis by inhibiting the action of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), substances within the body that stimulate immune respon... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 40 Dermatologic Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Biologic Psoriatic Drugs**",
"token_count": 614,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
**Atopic dermatitis** (**eczema**) is another skin condition that requires pharmacological treatment. Unlike conditions characterized solely by local irritation, atopic dermatitis is a systemic disease that has genetic predispositions, involves the immune system, and also has environmental influences. This condition ha... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 40 Dermatologic Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Cutaneous Warts**",
"Header 3": "**Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)**",
"token_count": 285,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
**Contact dermatitis** is an acute inflammation caused by aggravating factors that results in swollen, red, itchy lesions [\(Figure 40.7](#page-1071-0)). Substances that may cause contact dermatitis include, but are not limited to, soaps, cosmetics, jewelry, and poison ivy/oak. Treatment focuses on decreasing inflammat... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER 40 Dermatologic Disorder Drugs",
"Header 2": "**Cutaneous Warts**",
"Header 3": "**Contact Dermatitis**",
"token_count": 256,
"source_pdf": "datasets/websources/Med_v1/med_textbook/Pharmacology-WEB.pdf"
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.