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200 | 26,546,021 | We identified no evidence on CV outcomes among e-cigarette users using HC .
Limited data reporting mostly acute outcomes suggested that CV events are rare among e-cigarette users in the general population and that e-cigarettes may affect heart rate and blood pressure less than conventional cigarettes . | BACKGROUND Women who use combined hormonal contraceptives and cigarettes have an increased risk for cardiovascular ( CV ) events .
We review ed the literature to determine whether women who use hormonal contraceptives ( HC ) and electronic cigarettes ( e-cigarettes ) also have an increased risk . | The purpose of this study was to compare circadian blood pressure and heart rate patterns and other cardiovascular effects of nicotine delivered rapidly ( via nasal spray , NNS ) , slowly ( transdermal nicotine , TDN ) , by cigarette smoking ( rapid delivery of nicotine plus other smoke toxins ) , and placebo NNS . Tw... |
201 | 18,363,250 | The study confirmed that non-pharmacological smoking cessation methods available in Pol and , i.e. the physician 's advice and individual and group counseling , increase the probability of smoking abstinence , and determined the 12-month effects of these interventions | OBJECTIVES The present paper discusses available data concerning the efficacy of non-pharmacological methods used in smoking cessation and describes the results of newly performed meta-analyses testing the 12-month efficacy of these methods .
This study is part of a more comprehensive program analyzing the efficacy and... | Objective - To compare the effectiveness of two different stop smoking interventions . Design - A r and omised , controlled trial . Results based on intention to treat . Setting - Three towns in the south-eastern part of Norway . Interventions - Visits to GP for " practice as usual " ( GP group ) or participation in th... |
202 | 30,381,252 | Thus , the body of evidence suggests that preparedness theory does not explain the origin of specific phobias | & NA ; Preparedness theory is one of the most influential ideas in explaining the origin of specific phobias .
The theory proposes that fear conditioning is selective to animals that have posed a threat to survival throughout human evolution , and that acquired fear memories to such threats are resistant to extinction ... | Objective To examine the prevalence rate , impairment , comorbidity , course of illness and determinants of eight specific phobia variants : animals ( animal subtype ) ; heights , water , storms ( natural environment subtype ) ; flying , enclosed spaces , being alone ( situational subtype ) ; and blood/injury ( blood/i... |
203 | 30,397,515 | However , these trends could also be explained by a difference in initial SNP frequencies at the time of ACT introduction .
There were non-significant trends for faster selection of N86 and D1246 in areas with higher AL consumption and no trend with transmission intensity .
Recorded consumption of AS-AQ was low in the... | Artemether-lumefantrine ( AL ) and artesunate-amodiaquine ( AS-AQ ) are the most commonly used artemisinin-based combination therapies ( ACT ) for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum in Africa .
Both treatments remain efficacious , but single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in the Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resis... | Background The emergence of resistance against artemisinin combination treatment is a major concern for malaria control . ACTs are recommended as the rescue treatment , however , there is limited evidence as to whether treatment and re-treatment with ACTs select for drug-resistant P. falciparum parasites . Thus , the p... |
204 | 31,364,554 | This is consistent with contact studies in Africa , which show that children 10–14 years have the highest frequency of contacts .
Targeting older children in Africa for conjugate vaccination may be effective in reducing meningococcal transmission | Meningococcal carriage dynamics drive patterns of invasive disease .
The distribution of carriage by age has been well described in Europe , but not in the African meningitis belt , a region characterised by frequent epidemics of meningitis .
We aim ed to estimate the age-specific prevalence of meningococcal carriage b... | Overdispersion is a common feature of models of biological data , but research ers often fail to model the excess variation driving the overdispersion , result ing in biased parameter estimates and st and ard errors . Quantifying and modeling overdispersion when it is present is therefore critical for robust biological... |
205 | 27,906,452 | Antithrombin , evaluated in one study involving paediatric patients , had no significant effect on VTE or on major bleeding when compared with no antithrombin .
AUTHORS ' CONCLUSIONS In this second up date , we confirmed that primary thromboprophylaxis with LMWH significantly reduced the incidence of symptomatic VTE in... | BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) often complicates the clinical course of cancer .
The risk is further increased by chemotherapy , but the trade-off between safety and efficacy of primary thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy is uncertain .
This is the second up date of a review first... | Background Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy are at increased risk of thrombosis . Nadroparin has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of venous and arterial thrombotic events ( TEs ) by about 50 % in cancer out patients receiving chemotherapy . The aims of this retrospective analysis were to evaluate the t... |
206 | 26,764,028 | Conclusion : The overall validity of clinical diagnosis of PD is not satisfying .
The accuracy did not significantly improve in the last 25 years , particularly in the early stages of disease , where response to dopaminergic treatment is less defined and hallmarks of alternative diagnoses such as atypical parkinsonism ... | Objective : To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical diagnosis of Parkinson disease ( PD ) reported in the last 25 years by a systematic review and meta- analysis . | Dementia with Lewy Bodies ( DLB ) was initially identified and confirmed primarily by pathology , but is soon to be incorporated into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual criteria as a clinical disease entity . Despite these advances over more than 20 years , current data suggest that the sensitivity of accurate clini... |
207 | 25,300,689 | The rhEPO treatment has beneficial effect on the neurodevelopment outcomes without severe adverse side effect in preterm infants | The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of recombinant human erythropoietin ( rhEPO ) for improving neurodevelopment outcomes in preterm infants . | OBJECTIVE : To compare the neurodevelopmental outcome of premature infants treated with recombinant human erythropoietin with that of control infants . STUDY DESIGN : A total of 20 treated infants and 20 control infants who had completed r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled studies of recombinant human ery... |
208 | 21,949,142 | Some evidence shows that fiber may be more effective than placebo in improving both the frequency and consistency of stools and in reducing abdominal pain .
Compared with normal fluid intake , we found no evidence that water intake increases or that hyperosmolar fluid treatment is more effective in increasing stool fre... | OBJECTIVE : To summarize the evidence and assess the reported quality of studies concerning nonpharmacologic treatments for childhood constipation , including fiber , fluid , physical movement , prebiotics , probiotics , behavioral therapy , multidisciplinary treatment , and forms of alternative medicine . | OBJECTIVE Constipation and encopresis are common problems in children . Still today , the role of fiber in the treatment of chronic constipation in childhood is controversial . The aim of our study was to evaluate whether fiber supplementation is beneficial in the treatment of children with functional constipation with... |
209 | 19,128,475 | Results The general verdict from the check list type evaluations in nine relevant systematic review s was that Burke et al. ( 1991 ) is a good quality trial .
All relevant meta-analyses extensively used its data to formulate therapeutic evidence .
My comprehensive evaluation , on the other h and , brought to the surfac... | Background Assessing the quality of included trials is a central part of a systematic review .
Many check-list type of instruments for doing this exist .
Using a trial of antibiotic treatment for acute otitis media , Burke et al. , BMJ , 1991 , as the case study , this paper illustrates some limitations of the check-li... | Although r and omised trials are important for evidence -based medicine , little is known about their overall characteristics . We assessed the epidemiology and reporting of method ological details for all 519 PubMed -indexed r and omised trials published in December , 2000 ( 383 [ 74 % ] parallel-group , 116 [ 22 % ] ... |
210 | 15,286,277 | It is important to emphasize that the decision to exclude overweight and obese children from the determination of reference points has led to BP cutoffs that were lower than those in the tables we had been using so far . | DOI : 10.25060/residpediatr-2018.v8n1 - 12 In September 2017 , the Subcommittee on Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children of the American Academy of Pediatrics published an up date to their well-known 2004 document in the journal Pediatrics .
Their original Fourth Report on the Diagnosis , Evaluati... | A r and omized crossover trial on the effect of salt restriction on blood pressure was carried out involving 124 adolescents ( mean age 16 years ) . Dietary sodium was reduced from approximately 110 to 45 mEq/24 h for a period of 24 days . Blood pressure was non-significantly lower at the end of the experimental diet ... |
211 | 23,322,285 | Conclusion This systematic review shows a significant association between the number of key elements of the intervention reflecting collaborative aspects in medication review and the implementation rate of recommendations | Background Many studies have investigated the effect of medication review on a variety of outcomes , but the elements of the interventions have been quite diverse .
Moreover , implementation rates of recommendations also vary widely between studies .
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate how the exte... | BACKGROUND Collaboration between physicians and pharmacists is one approach to address drug-related morbidity and achieve therapeutic goals . A collaborative practice of pharmaceutical care has been used in the Fairview Clinics System of Minneapolis-St Paul since 1999 . METHODS The quality of therapeutic determinations... |
212 | 26,646,754 | Uptake of therapeutic agents for the prevention of breast cancer is low , and long-term persistence is often insufficient for women to experience the full preventive effect . | BACKGROUND Preventive therapy is a risk reduction option for women who have an increased risk of breast cancer .
The effectiveness of preventive therapy to reduce breast cancer incidence depends on adequate levels of uptake and adherence to therapy .
We aim ed to systematic ally review articles reporting uptake and adh... | OBJECTIVE To investigate how ethnically diverse women who are eligible for tamoxifen prophylaxis because of their breast cancer risk decide about tamoxifen use for risk reduction . DESIGN A qualitative intervention pilot study used focus groups to discuss the use of tamoxifen and to identify the concerns of ethnically ... |
213 | 27,385,266 | For diagnostic purpose s , the most independently vali date d genes to study further are VIM , SEPT9 , ITGA4 , OSM4 , GATA4 and NDRG4 .
In terms of prognostic markers , myopodin , KISS1 , TMEFF2 , HLTF , hMLH1 , APAF1 , BCL2 and p53 are independently vali date d. Most prognostic markers published lack both a multivaria... | Since genetic and epigenetic alterations influence the development of colorectal cancer ( CRC ) , huge potential lies in the use of DNA methylation as biomarkers to improve the current diagnosis , screening , prognosis and treatment prediction .
Here we performed a systematic review on DNA methylation-based biomarkers ... | Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation plays has an important role in genomic instability and colorectal carcinogenesis . However , the relationship between cellular DNA methylation level and patient outcome remains uncertain . Using 643 colon cancers in two independent prospect i ve cohorts , we quantified DNA methylation in... |
214 | 22,564,227 | Further , it was found in a meta- analysis in subsets of patients with diabetic foot ulcers ( neuropathic ) that HA derivatives healed these types of wounds significantly faster than st and ard of care .
These studies in aggregate show that HA derivatives accelerate the healing process in burns , epithelial surgical w... | Hyaluronic acid ( HA ) is a polysaccharide common to most species and is found in many sites in the human body , including the skin and soft tissue . | ABSTRACT This study was design ed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of MAS065D ( Xclair ™ ) compared to a vehicle control in the management of radiation dermatitis in patients receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer . Twenty patients were r and omized blindly to use the two study substances , three times daily ... |
215 | 29,708,265 | However , this risk reduction may not be clinical ly important .
The investigated interventions to prevent OIHD probably cause few or no serious adverse effects .
AUTHORS ' CONCLUSIONS Moisturisers used alone or in combination with barrier creams may result in a clinical ly important protective effect , either in the l... | BACKGROUND Occupational irritant h and dermatitis ( OIHD ) causes significant functional impairment , disruption of work , and discomfort in the working population .
Different preventive measures such as protective gloves , barrier creams and moisturisers can be used , but it is not clear how effective these are .
This... | The object of this study was to compare the protective action of a new barrier cream ( Excipial Protect ® , Spirig Pharma AG , Egerkingen , Switzerl and ) to its vehicle in the context of h and irritation of apprentice hairdressers caused by repeated shampooing and exposure to hair‐care products . This was a double‐bli... |
216 | 26,938,633 | CONCLUSIONS More research on the effectiveness of KT interventions regarding genetic testing in the clinical context may contribute to patients making informed value-based decisions and drawing the maximum benefit from clinical applications of genetic and genomic innovations | BACKGROUND Knowledge translation ( KT ) interventions are attempts to change behavior in keeping with scientific evidence .
While genetic tests are increasingly available to healthcare consumers in the clinic , evidence about their benefits is unclear and decisions about genetic testing are thus difficult for all parti... | ABSTRACT Despite increased interest among the public in breast cancer genetic risk and genetic testing , there are limited services to help women make informed decisions about genetic testing . This study , conducted with female callers ( N = 279 ) to the National Cancer Institute 's ( NCI 's ) Atlantic Region Cancer I... |
217 | 23,591,454 | In conclusion , the results suggest minor differences in the associations of BMI and the risk of cancer between the colorectal subsites .
For physical activity , the association does not seem to differ between the colonic subsites , but a difference was observed between the colon and the rectum , perhaps indicating tha... | Several studies report varying incidence rates of cancer in subsites of the colorectum , as an increasing proportion appears to develop in the proximal colon .
Varying incidence trends together with biological differences between the colorectal segments raise questions of whether lifestyle factors impact on the risk of... | Background : Existing data suggest that physical activity reduces colon cancer risk , but the association is not consistently observed in women . One potential explanation for this inconsistency is that hormone therapy , which is associated with lower colon cancer risk , acts as a modifier of the physical activity/colo... |
218 | 21,893,464 | Regarding the repolarization changes on the ECG NSTEMI shows similarities with other clinical symptoms where increased intramyocardial microvascular resistance can be supposed without coronary artery disease : false positive exercise stress test , supraventricular tachycardia , left ventricular strain and conduction di... | UNLABELLED Non-ST elevation myocardial infa rct ion ( NSTEMI ) and ST elevation infa rct ion have many differences in their appearance and prognosis .
A comprehensive search made us form a new hypothesis that a further cause also existsin NSTEMI : an acute , critical increase in the already existing high microvascular ... | CONTEXT The effect of antihypertensive drugs on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) and normal blood pressure remains uncertain . OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of amlodipine or enalapril vs placebo on cardiovascular events in patients with CAD . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS ... |
219 | 20,840,691 | The results of published intervention trials are of insufficient quality to enable evidence -based recommendations to be developed for clinical practice in antenatal care | BACKGROUND Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is common in developed countries and increases the risk of complications during pregnancy , delivery and the postpartum period , which can affect both maternal and fetal outcome .
Interventions to reduce excessive gestational weight gain have previously not been systema... | OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to measure the agreement , reliability , construct validity , and feasibility of a measurement tool to assess systematic review s ( AMSTAR ) . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We r and omly selected 30 systematic review s from a data base . Each was assessed by two review ers using : ( 1 ) the enhanc... |
220 | 15,674,894 | Miscarriage and multiple pregnancy rates were poorly reported .
This review shows evidence supporting the effectiveness of the current first line treatment , clomiphene citrate .
No evidence of a difference in effect was found between clomiphene and tamoxifen .
The use of dexamethasone as an adjunct to clomiphene thera... | BACKGROUND Infertility due to anovulation is a common problem in women .
The first line oral treatment is with anti-oestrogens , such as clomiphene citrate .
Unfortunately there may be resistance and alternative and adjunctive treatments have been developed .
These include tamoxifen , dexamethasone , bromocriptine and ... | OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of a clomiphene citrate ( CC ) and tamoxifen citrate ( CC/tamoxifen ) combination therapy in ovulation induction by comparing with a CC alone therapy . DESIGN A r and omized cross-over study with CC alone and CC/tamoxifen combination therapies for 20 normoprolactinemic anovulatory women... |
221 | 11,279,734 | None of the trials showed any effect of betahistine on hearing loss .
No adverse effects were found with betahistine .
REVIEW ER 'S CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to say whether betahistine has any effect on Menière 's disease | BACKGROUND Menière 's disease is characterised by attacks of hearing loss , tinnitus and disabling vertigo .
Betahistine is used by many people to reduce the frequency and severity of these attacks but there is conflicting evidence relating to its effects .
OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effe... | A double-blind , placebo-controlled , cross-over clinical trial was performed to assess the effect of betahistine hydrochloride ( Serc ) in Ménière 's disease . The diagnosis was based on paroxysmal attacks of rotational vertigo , with tinnitus , and a fluctuating sensori-neural deafness , together with the results of ... |
222 | 26,760,674 | The MMSE contributes to a diagnosis of dementia in low prevalence setting s , but should not be used in isolation to confirm or exclude disease . | BACKGROUND The Mini Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) is a cognitive test that is commonly used as part of the evaluation for possible dementia .
OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) at various cut points for dementia in people aged 65 years and over in commu... | Objective : To determine whether a cognitive test package can predict the onset of dementia up to 11 years later , and the extent to which this prediction is independent of that provided by APOE genotype . Methods : Prospect i ve cohort study based on 54 general practice s in the UK ; 657 survivors of the 1088 particip... |
223 | 32,247,711 | Findings demonstrate that sEMG of extra-diaphragmatic muscle activity is a valid and applicable tool to evaluate mechanical loading/unloading of respiratory muscles and respiratory drive or sensation .
Although it appears to be a valid and applicable tool , there is a scarcity of literature that directly demonstrates t... | PURPOSE Evidence supporting the utilization of surface EMG ( sEMG ) of extra-diaphragmatic muscles for monitoring of mechanical ventilation ( MV ) assistance is unclear .
The purpose of this review was to assess the quality of literature available on using extra-diaphragmatic sEMG as an assessment technique of respirat... | We hypothesized that patients who fail weaning from mechanical ventilation recruit their inspiratory rib cage muscles sooner than they recruit their expiratory muscles , and that rib cage muscle recruitment is accompanied by recruitment of sternomastoid muscles . Accordingly , we measured sternomastoid electrical act... |
224 | 27,336,027 | Using multivariate models , the most replicated predictors of worse clinical , functional , cognitive , and biological outcomes in EOP were premorbid difficulties and symptom severity ( especially of negative symptoms ) at baseline .
Longer duration of untreated psychosis ( DUP ) predicted worse clinical , functional ,... | Given the global burden of psychotic disorders , the identification of patients with early-onset psychosis ( EOP ; that is , onset before the age of 18 ) at higher risk of adverse outcome should be a priority . | OBJECTIVE The relationship between cognition and outcome in people with schizophrenia has been established in studies that , for the most part , examined chronic patients and were cross-sectional in design . The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between neurocognitive variables assessed at illness ... |
225 | 22,897,920 | The impact on patient participation was varied .
The effect of a decision aid and patient navigator interventions on communication with health providers was positive .
While the use of a decisions aid successfully facilitated shared decision-making and patients ' perception of treatment adherence , the use of patien... | Disparities in cancer outcomes for people from culturally and linguistically diverse ( CALD ) groups are well known .
Improving CALD patients ' active participation in treatment processes holds potential to improve outcomes , but little is known of effective strategies to facilitate this .
This systematic review invest... | Abstract OBJECTIVE : Assess impact of a computer-based patient support system on quality of life in younger women with breast cancer , with particular emphasis on assisting the underserved . DESIGN : R and omized controlled trial conducted between 1995 and 1998 . SETTING : Five sites : two teaching hospitals ( Madison ... |
226 | 18,842,141 | Conclusion Findings from the clinical history and examination are insufficient to " rule in " or " rule out " a diagnosis of LVSD in primary care setting s. BNP and ECG measurement appear to have similar diagnostic utility and are most useful in " ruling out " LVSD with a normal test result when the probability of LVSD... | Background To assess the accuracy of findings from the clinical history , symptoms , signs and diagnostic tests ( ECG , CXR and natriuretic peptides ) in relation to the diagnosis of left ventricular systolic dysfunction ( LVSD ) in a primary care setting . | Abstract Objective : To investigate the performance of a novel assay for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP ) in diagnosing heart failure in various r and omly selected general and high risk community population s. Design : Community cohort study ( sub study of the echocardiographic heart of Engl and ... |
227 | 28,739,537 | Placebo substitution trial methodology represents only one approach to assess ADM maintenance . | BACKGROUND The principle evidence that antidepressant medication ( ADM ) is an effective maintenance treatment for adults with major depressive disorder ( MDD ) is from placebo substitution trials .
These trials enter responders from ADM efficacy trials into r and omized , double-blind placebo-controlled ( RDBPC ) effe... | CONTEXT Pregnancy has historically been described as a time of emotional well-being , providing " protection " against psychiatric disorder . However , systematic delineation of risk of relapse in women who maintain or discontinue pharmacological treatment during pregnancy is necessary . OBJECTIVE To describe risk of r... |
228 | 16,707,603 | Pooled results of clinical trials reveal a very weak clinical response rate of < 1 % for active specific immunization procedures currently available for advanced colorectal cancer . | Colorectal cancer is a common malignant disease , which , despite some progress , still requires improved therapeutic options .
Several clinical studies have used active specific immunotherapy ( i.e. , vaccination ) in colorectal cancer .
However , the literature still lacks a comprehensive meta- analysis of this appro... | The MAGE gene is selectively expressed in cancer tissues such as melanoma or gastrointestinal carcinomas , whereas no expression is observed in normal tissues except testis . There are several reports of successful induction of HLA class I-restricted antitumor CTLs using MAGE peptides , and some clinical trials with th... |
229 | 25,262,600 | Studies that used both tailored and educational interventions showed significant relationship between adherence and clinical outcomes ; however , the study that used dosage simplification did not .
Interventions to improve adherence with oral chemotherapies in hematological malignancies remain limited .
Though they wer... | BACKGROUND Poor adherence to treatment for chronic diseases including some hematological malignancies impedes health outcomes and increases costs .
Oral chemotherapy is an emerging trend that raises concern about nonadherence problems in these targeted patients .
OBJECTIVES This systematic literature review explores ev... | The aim of this study was to characterise the pharmacokinetics of the anticancer agent topotecan , and explore the influence of patient covariates and interoccasion variability on drug disposition . Data were obtained from 190 patients who received the drug as a 30-min infusion ( N=72 ) or orally ( N=118 ) . The pop... |
230 | 23,423,413 | AND RELEVANCE In critically ill patients requiring acute volume resuscitation , use of hydroxyethyl starch compared with other resuscitation solutions was not associated with a decrease in mortality .
Moreover , after exclusion of 7 trials performed by an investigator whose research has been retracted because of scient... | IMPORTANCE Hydroxyethyl starch is commonly used for volume resuscitation yet has been associated with serious adverse events , including acute kidney injury and death .
Clinical trials of hydroxyethyl starch are conflicting .
Moreover , multiple trials from one investigator have been retracted because of scientific mis... | Introduction Inadequate initial treatment and delayed hemodynamic stabilization ( HDS ) may be associated with increased risk of death in severe sepsis patients . Methods In order to compare the hemodynamic efficacy and safety of 6 % HES 130/0.4 and NaCl 0.9 % for HDS in patients with severe sepsis , we design ed a pro... |
231 | 26,896,865 | Self-weighing is likely to improve weight outcomes , particularly when performed daily or weekly , without causing untoward adverse effects . | BACKGROUND Self-weighing increases a person 's self-awareness of current weight and weight patterns .
Increased self-weighing frequency can help an individual prevent weight gain .
Literature , however , is limited in describing variability in self-weighing strategies and how the variability is associated with weight m... | OBJECTIVE To determine whether daily self-weighing ( DSW ) is associated with disordered eating ( DE ) symptoms within an adult lifestyle intervention ( LI ) , and to examine changes in DE symptoms during the 18-month trial . METHOD One-hundred and seventy-eight adults ( 53 % female , 90 % White , 52.0 ± 8.6 years , BM... |
232 | 14,574,218 | The 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are considered to be effective antiemetics with an acceptable side effects profile .
Ondansetron was the most commonly studied member of this group .
Another effective antiemetic is droperidol .
A single dose of dexamethasone has been reported to be effective for PONV prophylaxis without... | Although a number of therapies are available for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) , none is entirely effective .
Currently , the overall incidence of PONV for all surgeries and patient population s is estimated to be 25 % to 30 % .
In certain high-risk patients , this incidence is as high ... | Because no completely effective antiemetic exists for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) , we hypothesize that a multimodal approach to management of PONV may reduce both vomiting and the need for rescue antiemetics in high-risk patients . After IRB approval , women undergoing outpatient lapar... |
233 | 27,824,657 | Two r and omized controlled trials and 3 quasiexperimental studies reported lateral wedge insoles may have at least some pain-relieving effects and improved functional mobility in older adults at 4 weeks to 2 years ' follow-up , particularly when used with subtalar and ankle strapping .
Discussion and Conclusion : Beca... | Background and Purpose : Lower extremity osteoarthritis ( OA ) is a common condition among older adults ; given the risks of surgical and pharmaceutical interventions , conservative , lower-cost management options such as footwear warrant further investigation .
This systematic review investigated the effects of footwe... | OBJECTIVE To assess the optimal duration of daily wear for a laterally wedged insole with subtalar strapping in subjects with medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee ( knee OA ) . DESIGN The setting was an outpatient clinic . Eighty-one patients with knee OA were prospect ively r and omized according to birth dat... |
234 | 15,917,363 | Studies targeted at physicians more often described providers and interventions .
Lack of method ological rigor limits the evidence for the impact of cultural competence training on minority health care quality . | PURPOSE To systematic ally examine the method ological rigor of studies using cultural competence training as a strategy to improve minority health care quality .
To the authors ' knowledge , no prior studies of this type have been conducted . | BACKGROUND This study examined the nurse outcomes of a cancer pain education program for nurses of patients from 11 different ethnic groups . METHODS Four hundred ninety six home , hospital , and hospice nurses participated in a one-day workshop or two half-day workshops on cancer pain assessment and management . Of t... |
235 | 28,058,751 | Meta-analyses revealed that the risk of experiencing a systemic adverse reaction was higher in those receiving AIT , with a more marked increase in the risk of local adverse reactions .
Sensitivity analysis excluding those studies judged to be at high risk of bias demonstrated the robustness of summary estimates of eff... | BACKGROUND The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ( EAACI ) is developing Guidelines for Allergen Immunotherapy ( AIT ) for IgE-mediated Food Allergy .
To inform the development of clinical recommendations , we sought to critically assess evidence on the effectiveness , safety and cost-effectiveness of... | BACKGROUND Some children allergic to cow 's milk proteins ( CMPs ) experience exceptionally severe reactions after ingesting only trace amounts of antigen . Avoiding the food and carrying self-injectable epinephrine are the current strategies for their management . OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the sa... |
236 | 23,481,543 | Even though the current review revealed that there are not many studies reporting data relevant to the analyzed topic , the data obtained suggest that the delayed positioning of implants should be considered more predictable than the immediate positioning . | The aim of this study was to compare success rates in immediate and delayed dental implant placement following guided bone regeneration or onlay bone block ridge augmentation . | Osseointegrated implants as anchors for various prosthetic reconstructions have become a predictable treatment alternative . It was expected that implants required submucosal placement during the healing period for successful tissue integration . However , it has been demonstrated that healing and long-term health of i... |
237 | 16,856,025 | Implication s for practice Due to only one study in children it is not possible to make recommendations for treatment or prevention of OC in children .
Due to insufficient evidence no conclusion could be made about the effectiveness of clotrimazole , nystatin , amphotericin B , itraconazole or ketoconazole with regard... | BACKGROUND Oral c and idiasis ( OC ) associated with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection occurs commonly and recurs frequently , often presenting as an initial manifestation of the disease .
Left untreated these lesions contribute considerably to the morbidity associated with HIV infection .
Interventions ai... | Background Progressive cell-mediated immunodeficiency with decrease of CD4 + lymphocyte count to less than or equal to 200 cells/mm3 is a major risk factor for colonization with C and ida species and development of c and idiasis . Oropharyngeal c and idiasis may occur in up to 90 % of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)... |
238 | 26,068,960 | Results The impact of physical activity upon gallbladder function remains unclear ; acute activity could augment emptying by stimulating cholecystokinin release , and one of two training experiments found a small increase in gallbladder motility .
The largest and most recent cross-sectional and case-control trials show... | Background Cholecystitis and gallstones affect a large segment of the population in developed nations , and a small proportion of affected individuals subsequently develop cancer of the gallbladder .
However , little is known about the possible beneficial effects of physical activity .
Objective Accordingly , a systema... | Abstract The longitudinal observations for ten years on 5209 men and women aged 30–62 in Framingham , Massachusetts , have been used for a prospect i ve investigation of the epidemiology of gallbladder disease . ‘ Definite ’ gallbladder disease was diagnosed in 427 persons on the evidence of pathology reports , surgery... |
239 | 23,252,357 | Results showed that ICBT has been tested for 25 different clinical disorders , whereas most r and omized controlled trials have been aim ed at depression , anxiety disorders and chronic pain .
Effect sizes were large in the treatment of depression , anxiety disorders , severe health anxiety , irritable bowel syndrome ,... | Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy ( ICBT ) is a promising treatment that may increase availability of cognitive behavior therapy ( CBT ) for psychiatric disorders and other clinical problems .
The main objective of this study was to determine the applications , clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of ICBT . | The aim of this study was to investigate if cognitive behavior therapy ( CBT ) based on exposure and mindfulness exercises delivered via the Internet would be effective in treating participants with irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) . Participants were recruited through self-referral . Eighty-six participants were inclu... |
240 | 28,357,067 | Taken together , these results suggested that CDA and ACDF are efficient and safe methods for dealing with cervical spondylosis .
However , with respect to certain specific indicators , such as the reoperation rate of adjacent levels following surgery , the former has several advantages | Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion ( ACDF ) and cervical disc arthroplasty ( CDA ) are the most commonly used procedures in cervical spondylosis .
However , only a few published studies exist in the literature comparing these two operation types , particularly its mid-term efficacy and safety .
Furthermore , in th... | Cervical artificial disc replacement ( ADR ) is indicated for the treatment of severe radiculopathy permitting neural decompression and maintenance of motion . We evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes in cervical ADR patients using the ProDisc-C device ( DePuy Synthes , West Chester , PA , USA ) with a 5 - 9... |
241 | 26,375,022 | Subgroup analyses indicated larger reduction was identified in the intake of low-dose of grape polyphenols ( < 733 mg/day , median level of the included studies ) or patients with metabolic syndrome .
Contrarily , diastolic blood pressure was not significantly decreased in the grape polyphenols group as compared to con... | BACKGROUND The effect of grape polyphenols on blood pressure remains unclear , which we aim ed to address via a meta- analysis study . | The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of a st and ardized formulation of a polyphenolic extract of grapes ( Leucoselect-Phytosome [ LP ] ) on low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) susceptibility to oxidation in a group of heavy smokers . A r and omized , double-blind , crossover study was undertaken in 24 healthy m... |
242 | 17,347,954 | In patients with IgAN and normal or mildly impaired renal function , steroids significantly delay the progression to end stage kidney disease ( evidence from SR ) and improve proteinuria .
Associating steroids and cytotoxic agents ( cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine ) proves effective in patients with rapi... | BACKGROUND The current 3rd edition of the Italian Society of Nephrology guidelines has been drawn up to summarize evidence of key intervention issues on the basis of systematic review s ( SR ) of r and omized trials ( RCT ) or RCT data only .
In the present guideline , evidence of the use of immunosuppressive and non-i... | Recently , our group has shown that a 3-month course of intravenous immunoglobulin ( 2 g/kg/monthly ) followed by 6 months of intramuscular immunoglobulins ( IMIG , 16.5 % , 0.35 ml/kg every 15 days ) was able to slow or to stop the decline in the glomerular filtration rate , to reduce proteinuria , hematuria , leukocy... |
243 | 14,971,248 | REVIEW ERS ' CONCLUSIONS 1 .
Oral colonization by respiratory pathogens , fostered by poor oral hygiene and periodontal diseases , appears to be associated with nosocomial pneumonia .
2 . | BACKGROUND Several recent studies provide evidence that the oral cavity may influence the initiation and /or the progression of lung diseases such as pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) .
RATIONALE Studies have shown that poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease may foster colonization of the ... | OBJECTIVES To investigate the importance of medical and dental factors in aspiration pneumonia in an older veteran population . DESIGN Prospect i ve enrollment of subjects with retrospective analysis of data . SETTING Department of Veterans Affairs outpatient clinic , inpatient ward , and nursing home . PARTICIPANTS 35... |
244 | 21,626,318 | This systematic review found positive effects of PMX-DHP on mean arterial pressure and dopamine/ dobutamine use , PaO2/FiO2 ratio , endotoxin removal , and mortality .
The EUPHAS study , a multicenter RCT performed in ten Italian intensive care units in 2009 , found that PMX-DHP improved 28-day survival , blood pressur... | Since direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B immobilized fiber ( PMX-DHP ) received its product certification for use in Europe in 1998 , several prospect i ve r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) have been conducted in European countries .
The first RCT , performed in six European academic medical centers in 2005 , ... | Background / Aims : We investigated whether urinary podocytes are present in septic patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-associated glomerulonephritis and whether polymyxin B-immobilized fiber ( PMX-F ) treatment affects proteinuria and urinary podocyte excretion in these patients . Methods ... |
245 | 24,919,460 | For haematological toxicities , such as neutropenic fever and anaemia , there was no clear evidence that risks differed between groups , while trastuzumab seemed to raise the risk of neutropenia .
The overall survival improvement was maintained when considering patients treated as first-line or patients receiving taxan... | BACKGROUND Patients with breast cancer are classified as having cells that over-express the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( known as HER2-positive ) or not ( HER2-negative ) .
Typically , patients with HER2-positive disease have a worse prognosis .
Trastuzumab is a selective treatment that targets the HER2 p... | BACKGROUND Pertuzumab ( P ) combined with trastuzumab (H)-based chemotherapy improves efficacy in early and advanced HER2-positive breast cancer . We assessed the tolerability , with particular focus on cardiac safety , of H and P with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive early breast cancer . PAT... |
246 | 22,353,031 | Although CBPR trials examined a wide range of behavioral and clinical outcomes , such trials had very high success rates in recruiting and retaining minority participants and achieving significant intervention effects .
CONCLUSIONS Significant publication gaps remain between CBPR and other interventional research metho... | OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness of current community-based participatory research ( CBPR ) clinical trials involving racial and ethnic minorities . | Background Research and practice partnerships have the potential to enhance the translation of research findings into practice . Purpose This paper describes such a partnership in the development of Walk Kansas ( WK ) and highlights individual and organizational level outcomes . Method Phase 1 examined : ( a ) the reac... |
247 | 27,445,258 | Intraoperative goal directed hemodynamic therapy with minimally invasive monitoring decreases postoperative complications in noncardiac surgery , although it was not able to show a significant decrease in mortality rate | BACKGROUND The goal directed hemodynamic therapy is an approach focused on the use of cardiac output and related parameters as end-points for fluids and drugs to optimize tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery .
Primary aim : To determine the effects of intraoperative goal directed hemodynamic therapy on postoperative co... | BACKGROUND Some observational studies suggest that the use of pulmonary-artery catheters to guide therapy is associated with increased mortality . METHODS We performed a r and omized trial comparing goal -directed therapy guided by a pulmonary-artery catheter with st and ard care without the use of a pulmonary-artery c... |
248 | 28,888,873 | IV regadenoson and IC nitroprusside produce similar pressure-derived FFR measurements compared to IV adenosine and have a favorable side effect profile .
Both can be considered as alternative agents to IV adenosine for FFR measurement . | BACKGROUND FFR is useful in defining the physiological significance of intermediate coronary stenosis and requires induction of maximal hyperemia and measurement of pressure proximal and distal to the stenosis .
Hyperemia normally is induced by either IV or IC adenosine , a medication associated with short-term side ef... | OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the 2-year outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) guided by fractional flow reserve ( FFR ) in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease ( CAD ) . BACKGROUND In patients with multivessel CAD undergoing PCI , coronary angiography is the st an... |
249 | 31,829,277 | Conclusion Evidence supports potential anti-inflammatory effects from α2 agonists , but the relevance to clinical ly important outcomes is uncertain . | Background The α2 agonists , dexmedetomidine and clonidine , are used as sedative drugs during critical illness .
These drugs may have anti-inflammatory effects , which might be relevant to critical illness , but a systematic review of published literature has not been published .
We review ed animal and human studies ... | We have compared the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on endocrine , metabolic , inflammatory and cardiovascular responses in patients in the intensive care unit ( ICU ) after major surgery . Twenty patients who were expected to require 8 h of post-operative sedation and ventilation were allocated r and omly to ... |
250 | 32,039,171 | Results : An overall effect size of 1.06 ( 95 % CI = 0.76 - 1.36 , p < 0.00001 ) was obtained , demonstrating that upper limbs assistive devices significantly improve the performance in activities of daily living in people with neuromuscular diseases . | Background : This systematic review summarizes the current evidence about the effectiveness of wearable assistive technologies for upper limbs support during activities of daily living for individuals with neuromuscular diseases . | Distinguishing cohort studies from case series is difficult . We propose a conceptualization of cohort studies in systematic review s of comparative studies . The main aim of this conceptualization is to clarify the distinction between cohort studies and case series . We discuss the potential impact of the proposed c... |
251 | 32,213,818 | Nevertheless , the application of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques , especially transcranial direct current stimulation , over the right PFC seemed to reduce violent reactions in these individuals by interfering with the interpretation of the unfavourable situations ( e.g. , threating signals ) or inner states... | The field of neurocriminology has proposed several treatments ( e.g. , pharmacological , brain surgery , and rogen-deprivation therapy , neurofeedback ) to reduce violence proneness , but unfortunately , their effectiveness has been limited due to their side-effects .
Therefore , it is necessary to explore alternativ... | Background Prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS ) has been used to induce side-specific mood changes in volunteers and patients . To clarify inconsistencies between reports that used different stimulation frequencies , we conducted a controlled study with a low ( 1 Hz ) frequency , comparing l... |
252 | 28,168,570 | EEN reduced infectious complications in unselected critically ill patients , in patients with severe acute pancreatitis , and after GI surgery .
We did not detect any evidence of superiority for early PN or delayed EN over EEN .
Conclusions We suggest using EEN in the majority of critically ill under certain pre caut... | Purpose To provide evidence -based guidelines for early enteral nutrition ( EEN ) during critical illness .
Methods We aim ed to compare EEN vs. early parenteral nutrition ( PN ) and vs. delayed EN . | Introduction Early protein and energy feeding in critically ill patients is heavily debated and early protein feeding hardly studied . Methods A prospect i ve data base with mixed medical-surgical critically ill patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation ( > 72 hours ) and measured energy expenditure was used in th... |
253 | 27,824,221 | There is little evidence that educational curriculum‐based programmes alone are effective in improving sexual and reproductive health outcomes for adolescents . | Abstract Background School‐based sexual and reproductive health programmes are widely accepted as an approach to reducing high‐risk sexual behaviour among adolescents .
Many studies and systematic review s have concentrated on measuring effects on knowledge or self‐reported behaviour rather than biological outcomes , ... | Background Adolescents need access to effective sexual and reproductive health ( SRH ) interventions , but face barriers accessing them through traditional health systems . School-based approaches might provide accessible , complementary strategies . We investigated whether a 21-session after-school SRH education progr... |
254 | 26,862,034 | Conclusions High rates of missing outcome data are present in the majority of CRTs , yet h and ling missing data in practice remains suboptimal . | Background Cluster r and omized trials ( CRTs ) r and omize participants in groups , rather than as individuals and are key tools used to assess interventions in health research where treatment contamination is likely or if individual r and omization is not feasible .
Two potential major pitfalls exist regarding CRTs ,... | Reports of cluster r and omised trials require additional information to allow readers to interpret them accurately The effective reporting of r and omised controlled trials has received useful attention in recent years . Many journals now require that reports conform to the guidelines in the Consoli date d St and ards... |
255 | 22,218,828 | Conclusion The pivot shift test is an important test following ACL reconstruction , and it correlates with functional outcomes | Purpose To identify and evaluate the evidence for the pivot shift test as an outcome measure following ACL reconstruction .
Achieving rotatory control of the knee post anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) reconstruction has been shown to increase patient satisfaction , decrease functional instability and potentially dela... | Objective To analyze the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) reconstruction with irradiated bone-patellar tendon-bone ( BPTB ) allograft compared with non-irradiated allograft and autograft . Methods All BPTB allografts were obtained from a single tissue bank and the irradiated allograf... |
256 | 26,184,719 | Evidence of low or very low quality suggests that different techniques of posterior decompression and conventional laminectomy have similar effects on functional disability and leg pain .
Only perceived recovery at final follow-up was better in patients that underwent bilateral laminotomy compared with conventional lam... | Purpose To compare the effectiveness of techniques of posterior decompression that limit the extent of bony decompression or to avoid removal of posterior midline structures of the lumbar spine versus conventional facet-preserving laminectomy for the treatment of patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis . | Study Design . Prospect i ve , r and omized controlled study . Objective . To compare the functional outcomes and extent of paraspinal muscle damage between 2 decompressive techniques for lumbar canal stenosis . Summary of Background Data . Lumbar spinous process splitting decompression ( LSPSD ) preserves the muscular... |
257 | 28,650,907 | Findings suggest that more studies with rigorous research design s are needed to compare outcomes for interprofessional interventions and to determine the effectiveness of IPE on patient outcomes | The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize research in the last 5 years to report the current state of the science related to interprofessional education ( IPE ) in nursing . | Healthcare delivery is reliant on a team‐based approach , and interprofessional education ( IPE ) provides a means by which such collaboration skills can be fostered prior to entering the workplace . IPE within healthcare programs has been associated with improved collaborative behavior , patient care and satisfaction ... |
258 | 19,344,452 | These quality indicators will help research ers and clinicians target quality improvement efforts . | OBJECTIVES Emergency departments ( EDs ) , similar to other health care environments , are concerned with improving the quality of patient care .
Older patients comprise a large , growing , and particularly vulnerable subset of ED users .
The project objective was to develop ED-specific quality indicators for older pat... | Context Quality -of-care evaluation often focuses on how often patients receive certain tests or treatments . Theoretically , the content of care should predict patient survival , but the evidence is inconclusive . Contribution This study used 207 criteria to assess good care in 372 vulnerable elderly patients . When c... |
259 | 24,481,999 | The occurrence of side effects and young age were cited as the top reasons for poor adherence , followed by forgetfulness .
Conclusions Overall , the values reflected a population adherent to both topical and oral medications , with no significant difference in adherence between the two .
However , the method ologies u... | Background Poor adherence of acne patients to treatment may equate to poor clinical efficacy , increased healthcare costs , and unnecessary treatments .
Authors have investigated risk factors for poor medical adherence and how to improve this difficult problem in the context of acne .
Objective This systematic review a... | Acne vulgaris can affect adolescents at a time of profound physical , social , and psychological change . The negative impact of acne on self-image and self-confidence can be severe , leading to potential psychiatric problems and limiting social interactions , even in adults . Adherence is necessary for successful trea... |
260 | 22,693,047 | Results The performance of the search strategies varied widely according to the clinical question .
This benefit was consistent for most clinical questions .
Conclusions The Clinical Queries narrow filter , along with well-formulated queries based on the PICO framework , provided the greatest aid in retrieving relevant... | Background Clinicians perform search es in PubMed daily , but retrieving relevant studies is challenging due to the rapid expansion of medical knowledge .
Little is known about the performance of search strategies when they are applied to answer specific clinical questions .
Objective To compare the performance of 15 P... | Objective To evaluate the ability of international point of care information summaries to up date evidence relevant to medical practice . Design Prospect i ve cohort bibliometric analysis . Setting Top five point of care information summaries ( Clinical Evidence , EBM Guidelines , eMedicine , Dynamed , UpTo Date ) r... |
261 | 28,399,251 | Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with acute low back pain , spinal manipulative therapy was associated with modest improvements in pain and function at up to 6 weeks , with transient minor musculoskeletal harms . | Importance Acute low back pain is common and spinal manipulative therapy ( SMT ) is a treatment option .
R and omized clinical trials ( RCTs ) and meta-analyses have reported different conclusions about the effectiveness of SMT .
Objective To systematic ally review studies of the effectiveness and harms of SMT for acut... | Summary A total of 101 out patients with acute or subacute low-back pain was r and omly allocated to one of two treatment groups . One group was given st and ardised conventional and optimised activating treatment by primary health care teams . The other group received , according to a pragmatic approach , another trea... |
262 | 30,510,510 | No significant differences of coronary events were found . | Background : Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) who require anticoagulant therapy are at increased risk of bleeding .
The optimal regimen for these patients is uncertain .
This study aim ed to compare safety and efficacy of antithrombotic regimens used in patients undergoing PCI with concom... | The PIONEER AF-PCI trial ( Open-Label , R and omized , Controlled , Multicenter Study Exploring Two Treatment Strategies of Rivaroxaban and a Dose-Adjusted Oral Vitamin K Antagonist Treatment Strategy in Subjects with AF who Undergo Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ) is an ambitious , open-label comparison of 3 regim... |
263 | 30,621,661 | Conclusions There is still insufficient evidence to confirm that cognitive behavioural group therapy for perpetrators of intimate partner violence has a positive effect . | Background Violence against intimate partners is a worldwide public health problem .
Cognitive behavioural therapy delivered in a group format is widely used for the treatment of men ’s violent behaviour towards their female partners .
A Cochrane review about the effectiveness of this therapy from 2011 revealed a lack ... | Background Research has shown that treatments that solely addressed intimate partner violence ( IPV ) perpetration were not very effective in reducing IPV , possibly due to neglecting individual differences between IPV perpetrators . A large proportion of IPV perpetrators is diagnosed with co-occurring substance use di... |
264 | 22,786,490 | A CMA-COC group had more ' responders , ' those with 50 % or greater decrease in facial papules and pustules ( OR 2.31 ; 95 % CI 1.50 to 3.55)Differences in the comparative effectiveness of COCs containing varying progestin types and dosages were less clear , and data were limited for any particular comparison .
COCs t... | BACKGROUND Acne is a common skin disorder among women .
Although no uniform approach to the management of acne exists , combination oral contraceptives ( COCs ) , which contain an estrogen and a progestin , often are prescribed for women .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of combined oral contraceptives ( COCs... | Objective : To investigate the effect of a combiphasic oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and desogestrel ( combiphasic EE/DSG ) on acne , compared with a preparation containing ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate ( EE35/CPA ) . Methods : An open , r and omized , group-comparative , multicenter study... |
265 | 20,393,939 | There was no overall effect on artificial airway occlusion , mortality , pneumonia , or respiratory complications ; however , the PaCO(2 ) and minute ventilation were increased when HMEs were compared to HHs and body temperature was lower .
The cost of HMEs was lower in all studies that reported this outcome .
There w... | BACKGROUND Humidification by artificial means must be provided when the upper airway is bypassed during mechanical ventilation .
Heated humidification ( HH ) and heat and moisture exchangers ( HME ) are the most commonly used types of artificial humidification in this situation .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether HHs or ... | We tested the hypothesis that active and passive airway humidification minimize hypothermia in infants , but that maintaining normothermia does not decrease the duration of postoperative recovery . A circle system was used to ventilate the lungs of anesthetized , intubated infants who were r and omly assigned to active... |
266 | 25,314,636 | They did not report tophi regression , pain and function .
There was moderate- quality evidence of little or no difference in the proportion of participants achieving target serum urate when allopurinol was compared with benzbromarone . | BACKGROUND Allopurinol , a xanthine oxidase inhibitor , is considered one of the most effective urate-lowering drugs and is frequently used in the treatment of chronic gout .
OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of allopurinol compared with placebo and other urate-lowering therapies for treating chronic gout . | BACKGROUND Febuxostat , a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase , is a potential alternative to allopurinol for patients with hyperuricemia and gout . METHODS We r and omly assigned 762 patients with gout and with serum urate concentrations of at least 8.0 mg per deciliter ( 480 micromol per liter ) t... |
267 | 26,043,433 | Our review found that even among studies with objective ly measured physical activity , the association between access to parks and physical activity varied between studies , possibly due to heterogeneity of exposure measurement .
Self-reported ( vs. independently-measured ) neighborhood park environment characteristic... | One strategy for increasing physical activity is to create and enhance access to park space .
We assessed the literature on the relationship of parks and objective ly measured physical activity in population -based studies in the United States ( US ) and identified limitations in current built environment and physical ... | Background Few studies have investigated both the self-perceived and measured environment with objective ly determined physical activity in older adults . Accordingly , the aim of this study was to examine measured and perceived environmental associations with physical activity of older adults residing across different... |
268 | 23,806,874 | We identified a benefit in the role of magnesium to reduce the incidence of cerebral vasospasm in patients with an aneurysmal SAH .
However no benefit was found regarding improved favourable functional outcome or a reduction of mortality | BACKGROUND The value of magnesium for the prevention of cerebral arterial vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage ( SAH ) is debatable .
We performed a systematic review to collate the available evidence to evaluate the effects of intravenous magnesium for the prevention of cerebral arterial vas... | BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that high-dose MgSO4 therapy is safe and reduces the incidence of DIND and subsequent poor outcome after SAH . We intended to assess the safety and efficacy of high-dose MgSO4 therapy after SAH as means to prevent DIND and to evaluate the impact on clinical outcome . METHODS This was a... |
269 | 29,546,535 | Conclusions Among 65 septic shock trials , there was a clinical ly relevant amount of heterogeneity in control group mortality rates which was explained only partly by differences in inclusion criteria and reported baseline characteristics | Purpose Although the definition of septic shock has been st and ardized , some variation in mortality rates among clinical trials is expected .
Insights into the sources of heterogeneity may influence the design and interpretation of septic shock studies .
We set out to identify inclusion criteria and baseline characte... | Introduction The rate of weaning of vasopressors drugs is usually an empirical choice made by the treating in critically ill patients . We applied fuzzy logic principles to modify intravenous norepinephrine ( noradrenaline ) infusion rates during norepinephrine infusion in septic patients in order to reduce the durati... |
270 | 11,687,131 | However , the correct assignment of dropouts was essential to the demonstration of efficacy , most conspicuously concerning the effect of the drug on disease progression .
REVIEW ER 'S CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of interferon on exacerbations and disease progression in patients with relapsing remitting MS was modest afte... | BACKGROUND Recombinant interferons have been shown to suppress both the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) measures of disease activity in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis ( RRMS ) .
OBJECTIVES We performed a Cochrane review of all r and omised , placebo-controlled trials of recombinant... | We performed yearly MRI analyses on 327 of the total 372 patients in a multicenter , r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of interferon beta-1b ( IFNB ) . Clinical results are presented in the preceding companion paper . Baseline MRI characteristics were the same in all treatment groups . Fifty-two p... |
271 | 11,034,741 | REVIEW ER 'S CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that parenting programmes can make a significant contribution to the improvement of psychosocial health in mothers .
While the critical appraisal suggests some variability in the quality of the included studies , it is concluded that there is sufficient evidence to support thei... | BACKGROUND The prevalence of mental health problems in women is 1:3 and such problems tend to be persistent .
There is evidence from a range of studies to suggest that a number of factors relating to maternal psychosocial health can have a significant effect on the mother-infant relationship , and that this can have co... | The efficacy of group parent training was assessed in improving compliance and time on task in preschoolers with attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity . Positive effects were obtained on measures of child compliance , but not on measures of attention . Parental compliance-management skills and overall style of ... |
272 | 20,059,514 | Individuals with an additional X chromosome had mean IQs that were within broadly normal limits but lower than the respective comparison groups , with verbal IQ most affected .
Cognitive outcomes were poorest for females with XXX .
Males with XYY had normal-range IQs , but all three SCT groups ( XXX , XXY , and XYY ) h... | AIM To review systematic ally the neurodevelopmental characteristics of individuals with sex chromosome trisomies ( SCTs ) . | CONTEXT Adults with Klinefelter 's syndrome ( KS ) are known to present disturbances of language skills and delayed learning abilities . OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess brain morphometry in KS and to correlate eventual volumetric changes with performance on neuropsychological tests . PATIENTS Patients in... |
273 | 15,266,456 | Completed trials of problem drinkers that compared interventions for problem drinking to no intervention reported reduced motor-vehicle crashes and related injuries , falls , suicide attempts , domestic violence , assaults and child abuse , alcohol-related injuries and injury emergency visits , hospitalizations and dea... | BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption has been linked with injuries through motor vehicle crashes , falls , drowning , fires and burns , and violence .
In the US , half of the estimated 100,000 deaths attributed to alcohol each year are due to intentional and unintentional injuries .
The identification of effective interventi... | Recognizing the need to offer alternative methods of brief interventions , this study developed correspondence treatments for low-dependent problem drinkers and evaluated their impact . One hundred and twenty-one problem drinkers were recruited by media advertisements and were r and omly allocated to a full cognitive-b... |
274 | 29,854,006 | Conclusion No universally accepted criteria for diagnosing paediatric flat foot was found within existing literature , and psychometric data for foot posture measures and definitions used was limited . | Background Flexible flat foot is a normal observation in typically developing children , however , some children with flat feet present with pain and impaired lower limb function .
The challenge for health professionals is to identify when foot posture is outside of expected findings and may warrant intervention .
Diag... | INTRODUCTION The limitations of clinical methods for appraising foot posture are well documented . A new measure , the Foot Posture Index is proposed , and its development and validation described . METHODS A four-phase development process was used : ( i ) to derive a series of c and i date measures , ( ii ) to define ... |
275 | 31,340,684 | Expert opinion : So far , transcutaneous oxygen measurements are most often used to measure tissue oxygenation in PAD patients , but evidence seems too low to define this technique as a gold st and ard , and implementing this technique for home monitoring is difficult . | Introduction : Peripheral arterial disease ( PAD ) may cause symptoms due to impaired tissue perfusion of the lower extremity .
So far , assessment of PAD is mainly performed by determination of stenosis or occlusion in the large arteries and does not focus on microcirculation .
Several diagnostic techniques have been ... | BACKGROUND The most severe diabetic foot ulcers are those related with critical ischemia , which is primarily diagnosed with non-invasive diagnostics . However , these diagnostics have several disadvantages . For example , they only provide global indications of the (macro)level of ischemia . A potential solution can b... |
276 | 32,157,481 | Although summarized evidence showed that metformin did not affect left ventricular function , this antidiabetic drug could improve myocardial oxygen consumption concomitant to reducing prominent markers of heart failure such as n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and low-density lipoprotein levels , inconsistently... | Metformin is considered a safe anti-hyperglycemic drug for patients with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) ; however , information on its impact on heart failure – related outcomes remains inconclusive .
The current systematic review explored evidence from r and omized clinical trials ( RCTs ) reporting on the impact of metformi... | Objective Metformin has had a ' black box ' contraindication in diabetic patients with heart failure ( HF ) , but many believe it to be the treatment of choice in this setting . Therefore , we attempted to conduct a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of undertaking a large r and omized controlled trial with clinic... |
277 | 28,426,943 | Although all of the studies were rated of good method ological quality , none of the biomarkers had both high sensitivity and specificity when compared to self-report .
There was some evidence that a combination of biomarkers , or combining biomarkers with self-report , increases accuracy .
In summary , the blood bioma... | Accurate and early identification of women at risk from alcohol consumption during pregnancy allows education and support programmes to be targeted at those most in need .
We aim ed to conduct a systematic review to compare the efficacy of blood analysis and maternal self-report in detecting at risk women during preg... | OBJECTIVES : To determine the prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ( FASD ) among first grade students ( 6- to 7-year-olds ) in a representative Midwestern US community . METHODS : From a consented sample of 70.5 % of all first grade rs enrolled in public and private schools , an over samp... |
278 | 23,529,487 | Marik PE , And rews L , Maini B. The incidence of deep venous thrombosis in ICU patients .
Cook D , Meade M , Guyatt G , et al. Dalteparin versus unfractionated heparin in critically ill patients . | Schonhofer B , Kohler D. Prevalence of deep-vein thrombosis of the leg in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
Respiration .
Harris LM , Curl GR , Booth FV , Hassett JM , Jr , Leney G , Ricotta JJ .
Screening for asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in surgical intensive care patien... | The efficacy of low-dose heparin in preventing fatal postoperative pulmonary embolism has been investigated in a multicentre prospect i ve r and omised trial . 4121 patients over the age of forty years undergoing a variety of elective major surgical procedures were included in the trial ; 2076 of these were in the cont... |
279 | 17,443,547 | The findings from this review do not suggest that there should be any significant change from accepted conventional practice procedures when the pulp of the carious tooth is considered . | BACKGROUND There is a range of treatment options for the management of the pulp in extensively decayed teeth .
These include direct and indirect pulp capping , pulpotomy or pulpectomy .
If the tooth is symptomatic or if there are periapical bone changes , then endodontic treatment is required .
However , if the tooth i... | Microleakage is related to recurrent decay , inflammation of vital pulps , and reinfection of previously treated root canals . The purpose of this investigation was to compare the abilities of new adhesive cements and conventional nonadhesive controls to prevent microleakage under stainless steel crowns on primary ante... |
280 | 24,852,587 | CONCLUSION Tamsulosin increases the rate of spontaneous passage of distal ureterolithiasis ( ≤ 10 mm ) | OBJECTIVES The lifetime prevalence of ureterolithiasis is approximately 13 % for men and 7 % for women in the United States .
Tamsulosin , an α-antagonist , has been used as therapy to facilitate the expulsion of lithiasis .
Whether it is a good treatment for distal lithiasis remains controversial .
We conducted a syst... | OBJECTIVES To study the efficacy of alfuzosin compared with tamsulosin in the management of lower ureteral stones . METHODS A total of 102 patients with stones < 1 cm size and located in the lower ureter were enrolled in the present study and r and omized into 3 equal groups . Group 1 patients ( n = 34 ) received 0.4 m... |
281 | 26,773,689 | Conclusion : While the evidence base is still in its infancy for other therapy approaches , there was clearer evidence that functional connectivity both predicts and is altered by cognitive behavioural therapy .
Connections from prefrontal cortex appear especially key , perhaps given their role in cognitive appraisal o... | Objective : While there is now strong evidence that psychological therapies can alter the activity of individual brain regions , their impact on the functional integration between regions has not yet been systematic ally evaluated .
This area is important given that brain dysconnectivity has been implicated across almo... | R and omized controlled trials have yielded promising results for internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy ( iCBT ) for patients with social anxiety disorder ( SAD ) . The present study investigated anxiety-related neural changes after iCBT for SAD . The amygdala is a critical hub in the neural fear network , rec... |
282 | 21,320,942 | No consistent evidence showed that IIT reduced long-term mortality , infection rates , length of stay , or the need for renal replacement therapy .
Risk for IIT-associated hypoglycemia was increased in all hospital setting s. LIMITATIONS Method ological shortcomings and inconsistencies limit the data in perioperative c... | BACKGROUND The benefits and harms of intensive insulin therapy ( IIT ) titrated to strict glycemic targets in hospitalized patients remain uncertain .
PURPOSE To evaluate the benefits and harms of IIT in hospitalized patients . | OBJECTIVE There is conflicting evidence regarding the benefit of intravenous insulin therapy on mortality following acute myocardial infa rct ion ( AMI ) . The goal of the current study was to determine whether improved glycemic control , achieved through an insulin/dextrose infusion with a variable rate of insulin , r... |
283 | 26,455,755 | Home-based HCT is protective against intimate partner violence , stigmatizing behavior , having multiple sexual partners , and having casual sexual partners . | BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus counselling and testing is a critical and essential gateway to Human immunodeficiency virus prevention , treatment , care and support services .
Though some primary studies indicate that home-based counselling and testing is more effective than facility based counselling and test... | Background A large , district-wide , home-based HIV counselling and testing ( HBHCT ) programme was implemented in Bushenyi district of Ug and a from 2004 to 2007 . This programme provided free HBHCT services to all consenting adults of Bushenyi district and had a very high uptake and acceptability . We measured popula... |
284 | 23,877,940 | The interventions being evaluated consisted of time limited therapeutically based programmes which did not prove more effective than st and ard shelter or drop-in services for most outcomes and in most studies .
There were favourable changes from baseline in outcomes for most particpants in therapy interventions and al... | BACKGROUND Numbers of street-connected children and young people run into many millions worldwide and include children and young people who live or work in street environments .
Whether or not they remain connected to their families of origin , and despite many strengths and resiliencies , they are vulnerable to a rang... | Examination of differences between primary alcohol and drug abusing adolescents can provide valuable direction to intervention efforts , though little research in this area has been conducted . The current study compared primary alcohol and primary drug abusing runaway adolescents who were r and omly assigned to family... |
285 | 18,627,367 | The evidence from this review supports the use of general anaesthesia combined with a femoral nerve block for surgery and postoperative analgesia , or alternatively spinal anaesthesia with local anaesthetic plus spinal morphine . | The PROSPECT Working Group , a collaboration of anaesthetists and surgeons , conducts systematic review s of postoperative pain management for different surgical procedures ( http://www.postoppain.org ) . | Thirty – two patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty were r and omized to receive an identical epidural blockade initiated 30 min before surgical incision ( N = 16 ) , or at closure of the surgical wound ( N=16 ) . Before induction of general anaesthesia the epidural catheter was tested with bupivacaine 7.5 mg m... |
286 | 31,824,743 | It was also evident that there were negligible differences in the psychometric properties of online versus paper versions of the online screening tools . | Background According to the World Health Organization , the alarming increase in rates of depression globally has become a serious concern .
In 2010 , the prevalence rate of depression in South Africa was 4.6 % .
Given the context of South Africa where the majority of the population have limited access to healthcare fa... | OBJECTIVES Despite the high prevalence of both mental illness and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) in developing countries , there are few data on the association between different forms of mental illness and sexual risk behaviours in re source -poor setting s. The objectiv... |
287 | 22,676,259 | Results Animal and human data combined to show a core aversion-related network , consisting of similar cortical ( i.e. MCC , PCC , AI , DMPFC , RTG , SMA , VLOFC ; see results section or abbreviation section for full names ) and subcortical ( i.e. Amyg , BNST , DS , Hab , Hipp/Parahipp , Hyp , NAc , NTS , PAG , PBN , r... | Background Identification of potentially harmful stimuli is necessary for the well-being and self-preservation of all organisms .
However , the neural substrates involved in the processing of aversive stimuli are not well understood .
For instance , painful and non-painful aversive stimuli are largely thought to activa... | Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated activations in the anterior cingulate cortex ( ACC ) related to the affective component of pain , but not to stimulus intensity . However , it is possible that the low spatial resolution of positron emission tomography , as used in the majority of these studies , obscured areas co... |
288 | 26,406,228 | Baseline drug resistance and HIV co-infection were significant risk factors for ADR .
There was a trend of positive association with non-adherence which is likely to contribute to the outcome of ADR . | BACKGROUND Studies looking at acquired drug resistance ( ADR ) are diverse with respect to geographical distribution , HIV co-infection rates , retreatment status and programmatic factors such as regimens administered and directly observed therapy .
Our objective was to examine and consoli date evidence from clinical s... | BACKGROUND Rifapentine is a cyclopentyl-substituted rifamycin whose serum half-life is five times that of rifampin . The US Public Health Service Study 22 compared a once-weekly regimen of isoniazid and rifapentine with twice weekly isoniazid and rifampin in the continuation phase ( the last 4 months ) of treatment for... |
289 | 28,749,970 | Results of this review show empirical evidence to support the efficacy of physical activity for the population with Parkinson 's disease .
Aerobic training exercise significantly improved the participants ' scores on the Unified Parkinson 's Disease Rating Scale , the Beck Depression Inventory , and the Quality of Life... | AIM In this paper we aim ed to systematic ally review the literature on physical activity 's effect on depressive symptoms in Parkinson disease .
BACKGROUND Depression is a common symptom of Parkinson 's disease and is associated with increased disability , rapid progression of motor symptoms , mortality , and adverse ... | Purpose : To establish the effect of a 6-week programme of cycle ergometry training on exercise tolerance , balance , activities of daily living ( ADL ) and quality of life in individuals with Parkinson ’s disease ( PD ) . Method : Twenty-three subjects were recruited from the Parkinson ’s data base of the neurology se... |
290 | 20,083,531 | More limited evidence suggests that these improvements can be maintained over the 12 months after the end of treatments and that there are few harms with behavioral interventions .
Potential adverse effects were greater than for behavioral interventions alone and varied in severity .
Despite important gaps , available ... | CONTEXT : Targeted systematic review to support the up date d US Preventive Services Task Force ( USPSTF ) recommendation on screening for obesity in children and adolescents .
OBJECTIVES : To examine the benefits and harms of behavioral and pharmacologic weight-management interventions for overweight and obese childre... | OBJECTIVE To assess height growth over 10 years in children treated for obesity . DESIGN Longitudinal , prospect i ve follow-up of a series of r and omized , controlled weight control trials . SETTING Specialized pediatric weight control clinic . PARTICIPANTS One hundred fifty-eight 6- to 12-year-old obese children who... |
291 | 19,389,240 | The field test of the new instrument showed good criterion validity .
Participants found it useful in translating evidence from RCTs to practice .
Conclusion A new instrument for the critical appraisal of RCTs of NPs was developed and tested .
The instrument is distinct from other available assessment instruments for R... | Background The efficacy of natural products ( NPs ) is being evaluated using r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) with increasing frequency , yet a search of the literature did not identify a widely accepted critical appraisal instrument developed specifically for use with NPs .
The purpose of this project was to de... | Although r and omised trials are important for evidence -based medicine , little is known about their overall characteristics . We assessed the epidemiology and reporting of method ological details for all 519 PubMed -indexed r and omised trials published in December , 2000 ( 383 [ 74 % ] parallel-group , 116 [ 22 % ] ... |
292 | 28,903,472 | WIDER IMPLICATION S In a general IVF population , GnRH antagonists are associated with lower ongoing pregnancy rates when compared to long protocol agonists , but also with lower OHSS rates .
Thus st and ard use of the long GnRH agonist treatment is perhaps still the approach of choice for prevention of premature lutei... | BACKGROUND Most review s of IVF ovarian stimulation protocol s have insufficiently accounted for various patient population s , such as ovulatory women , women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) or women with poor ovarian response , and have included studies in which the agonist or antagonist was not the only vari... | PURPOSE To compare outcome following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer ( IVF-ET ) using controlled ovarian hyperstimulation ( COH ) regimens using either the gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( GnRH ) agonist leuprolide acetate vs the GnRH antagonist ganirelix . METHODS Women needing IVF for conception were r and oml... |
293 | 29,588,988 | Significance Real-world evidence suggests that low-frequency rTMS using a figure-8 coil may be an effective therapy for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in pediatric patients . | Objective To perform a systematic review and meta- analysis of real-world evidence for the use of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS ) in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy . | To study the antiepileptic effects of rTMS in patients with refractory epilepsy and malformations of cortical development in a r and omized , double‐blind , sham‐controlled trial Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS ) is an emerging non-pharmacological approach to treating many brain-based disorders . rT... |
294 | 26,526,663 | This systematic review found insufficient evidence to state whether or not there were additional effects by adding PFMT to other active treatments when compared with the same active treatment alone for urinary incontinence ( SUI , UUI or MUI ) in women .
Also , none of the included trials reported data on adverse event... | BACKGROUND Pelvic floor muscle training ( PFMT ) is a first-line conservative treatment for urinary incontinence in women .
Other active treatments include : physical therapies ( e.g. vaginal cones ) ; behavioural therapies ( e.g. bladder training ) ; electrical or magnetic stimulation ; mechanical devices ( e.g. conti... | CONTEXT Pelvic floor electrical stimulation ( PFES ) has been shown to be effective for stress incontinence . However , its role in a multicomponent behavioral training program has not been defined . OBJECTIVE To determine if PFES increases efficacy of behavioral training for community-dwelling women with stress incont... |
295 | 22,260,801 | Although several studies examined the effects of PHT on oral health , none have studied those of the newer generation of AEDs . | OBJECTIVE Long-term use of phenytoin ( PHT ) causes gingival hyperplasia ; however , little is known about the oral side effects of other antiepileptic drugs ( AEDs ) .
Through a systematic review of the literature , we explored the effects of AEDs on the oral health of patients with epilepsy . | The role of folic acid ( 5mg/day ) in combination with oral hygiene measures ( group II ) vis-a-vis oral hygiene measures alone ( group I ) in prevention of phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth was investigated in a one-year follow-up study on sixty , 8 - 13-year-old epileptic children receiving phenytoin . The alloc... |
296 | 16,246,981 | Because 30 % to 50 % of patients with PE present with echocardiographic evidence of RV dysfunction , the administration of a thrombolytic treatment toallof them would have significant implication s. The arguments for thrombolysis in such patients are essentially the following:(1)RVdysfunctionisastrong prognostic factor... | A LTHOUGH THE MORtality rate for those with acute PE is low , certain patients are at high risk .
Therefore , optimal management strategies should rely on risk stratification rather than “ one-size-fits-all ” treatment .
In high-risk patients , the use of aggressive treatment could be justified .
Despite the lack of de... | Treatment with heparin or streptokinase was allocated r and omly to 30 patients with life-threatening pulmonary embolism verified by angiography . Treatment was given for 72 hours and pulmonary angiography was repeated . There was significantly greater ( P < 0·001 ) evidence of thrombolysis in those patients treated wi... |
297 | 22,258,976 | Material incentives may also be more effective than motivational education at improving return for tuberculin skin test results ( low quality evidence ) , but may be no more effective than peer counselling , or structured education at improving continuation or completion of prophylaxis ( low quality evidence ) .
There ... | BACKGROUND Patient adherence to medications , particularly for conditions requiring prolonged treatment such as tuberculosis , is frequently less than ideal , and can result in poor treatment outcomes .
Material incentives ( given as cash , vouchers and tokens ) , have been used to improve adherence .
OBJECTIVES To ass... | Objective To determine the effectiveness of the provision of whole food to enhance completion of treatment for tuberculosis . Design Parallel group r and omised controlled trial . Setting Three primary care clinics in Dili , Timor-Leste . Participants 270 adults aged ≥18 with previously untreated newly diagnosed pulmon... |
298 | 30,854,103 | In terms of safety , gemcitabine plus anti-angiogenesis therapy did not increase the rate of grade 3 - 4 common adverse effects except for hypertension .
Conclusions : Although gemcitabine plus anti-angiogenesis therapy might prolong the progression-free survival in locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer , t... | Purpose : Pancreatic cancer is a common digestive neoplasm with a high fatality rate .
We performed this systematic review and meta- analysis of clinical r and omized phase III trials to explore the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine plus anti-angiogenesis therapy versus gemcitabine monotherapy for locally advanced or ... | Pancreatic cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in the western world and the prognosis for unresectable disease remains poor . Recent advances in conventional chemotherapy and the development of novel ‘ molecular ’ treatment strategies with different toxicity profiles warrant investigation as combinati... |
299 | 22,985,406 | The EORTC-QLQ-C30 and MY24 have undergone the most comprehensive psychometric validation .
Reliable , valid and responsive tools exist for this purpose , but may miss issues important to patients . | INTRODUCTION Treatment advances in multiple myeloma have increased expected survival from months to years for some patients . | When a r and omized trial ( NMSG 4/90 ) comparing treatment with melphalan/prednisone to melphalan/prednisone + interferon α‐2b in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma was inititated in 1990 , a quality ‐of‐life assessment was integrated into the study . We used the question naire ( QLQ‐C30 ) developed by the European Orga... |
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