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14 14 HARVARD LAW REVIEW, familiar statute liens, why would it not be well to abolish by- statute the present artificial and obscure forms of mortgage con- tract, the net result of the operation of which no one can define, and to provide for a return to a brief and simple deed of pledge, such as ingenuity has led us away from? H, W. Chaplin, Boston, March, 1890. THE RIGHT OF ACCESS AND THE RIGHT TO WHARF OUT TO NAVIGABLE WATER, THE right to wharf out to navigable water is unknown to the common law of England. The erection of a wharf upon public lands without the consent of the Crown is a purpresture.^ There is, however, in the English law what is known as the riparian right of access, incident to lands bordering upon naviga- ble waters. The celebrated case of Lyon v. Fishmongers' Com- pany ^ has been understood to decide that this *' right of access," like the riparian right to the appropriation and beneficial use of running water, is a " natural right," dependent solely on natural relations.^ The words of Lord Selborne in that case have been quoted as applicable to the right in question : " The rights of a riparian proprietor, so far as they relate to any natural stream, exist jure naturcEy because his land has by nature the advantage of being washed by the stream." * Lord Selborne said, with reference to this right : ** The cases as to the alterations of the levels of public highways . . . seem to be authorities a fortiori . . . because they had not in them the element of a right/wr^ naturcsy ^ These decisions contain almost the only explanation thus far offered in the cases of the origin and nature of the English right of access, and this fact, together with the fact that most riparian rights are " natural rights," necessitates for the proper classifica- 1 Gould on Waters, § 21, and authorities cited. 2 I App. Cas. 662. 8 Lake Superior Land Co. v. Emerson, 38 Minn. 406.
* I App. Cas. 682 (quoted in Lake Superior Land Co. v. Emerson, supra),
* I App. Cas. 684 (quoted in Lake Superior Land Co. v, Emerson, supra). | WIKI |
Girraj
Girraj is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Girraj Dandotiya, Indian politician
* Girraj Kishore Mahaur (born 1950), Indian politician
* Girraj Singh Dharmesh, Indian politician | WIKI |
Page:Scaramouche.djvu/284
272 That he was justified of this was proved when on the following Thursday towards noon his academy was invaded by M. de Kercadiou. Gilles, the boy, brought him word of it, and breaking off at once the lesson upon which he was engaged, he pulled off his mask, and went as he was—in a chamois waistcoat buttoned to the chin and with his foil under his arm to the modest salon below, where his godfather awaited him.
The florid little Lord of Gavrillac stood almost defiantly to receive him.
"I have been over-persuaded to forgive you," he announced aggressively, seeming thereby to imply that he consented to this merely so as to put an end to tiresome importunities.
André-Louis was not misled. He detected a pretence adopted by the Seigneur so as to enable him to retreat in good order.
"My blessings on the persuaders, whoever they may have been. You restore me my happiness, monsieur my godfather."
He took the hand that was proffered and kissed it, yielding to the impulse of the unfailing habit of his boyish days. It was an act symbolical of his complete submission, reëstablishing between himself and his godfather the bond of protected and protector, with all the mutual claims and duties that it carries. No mere words could more completely have made his peace with this man who loved him.
M. de Kercadiou's face flushed a deeper pink, his lip trembled, and there was a huskiness in the voice that murmured "My dear boy!" Then he recollected himself, threw back his great head and frowned. His voice resumed its habitual shrillness. "You realize, I hope, that you have behaved damnably ... damnably, and with the utmost ingratitude?"
"Does not that depend upon the point of view?" quoth André-Louis, but his tone was studiously conciliatory.
"It depends upon a fact, and not upon any point of view. | WIKI |
The scientific method Assignment
The scientific method Assignment Words: 2276
Laboratory Objectives After completing this lab topic, you should be able to: 1. Identify and characterize questions that can be answered through selecting investigation. 2. Define hypothesis and explain what characterizes a good selecting hypothesis. 3. Identify and describe the components of a scientific experiment. 4. Summarize and present results in tables and graphs. 5. Discuss results and critique experiments. 6. Design a scientific experiment. 7. Interpret and communicate results.
Introduction Biology is the study of the phenomena of life, and biologists observe living systems ND organisms, ask questions, and propose explanations for those observations. Science assumes that biological systems are understandable and can be explained by fundamental rules or laws. Scientific Investigations share some common elements and procedures, which are referred to as the scientific method. Not all scientists follow these procedures in a strict fashion, but each of the elements is usually present.
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Science is a creative human endeavor that involves asking questions, making observations, developing explanatory hypotheses, and testing those hypotheses. Scientists closely scrutinize investigations in their field, and each scientist must present his or her work at scientific meetings or in professional publications, providing evidence from observations and experiments that supports the scientist’s explanations of biological phenomena. Read the following example and answer the questions that follow.
Agricultural scientists were concerned about the effect of air pollution, sulfur dioxide in particular, on soybean production in fields adjacent to coal-powered power plants. Based on initial investigations, they proposed that sulfur dioxide in high concentrations would reduce reproduction in soybeans. They designed an experiment to test this hypothesis (Figure 1). In this experiment, 48 soybean plants, Just beginning to produce flowers, were delved Into two groups, treatment and no treatment.
The 24 treated plants were delved Into four groups of 6. One group of 6 treated plants was placed in a fumigation chamber and exposed to 0. 6 pimp (parts power plant. The experiment was repeated on the remaining three treated groups. The no-treatment plants were placed similarly in groups of 6 in a second fumigation hammer and simultaneously exposed to filtered air for 4 hours. Following the experiment, all plants were returned to the greenhouse. When the beans matured, the number of bean pods, the number of seeds per pod, and the weight of the pods were determined for each plant. Figure 1 .
Experimental Design for soybean experiment. The experiment was repeated four times. Soybeans were fumigated for 4 hours. Determining the Variables Read the description of each category of variable; then identify the variable described in the preceding investigation. The variables in an experiment must be Leary defined and measurable. The investigator will identify and define dependent, independent, and controlled variables for a particular experiment. A) The Dependent Variable Within the experiment, one variable will be measured or counted or observed in response to the experimental conditions.
This variable is the dependent variable. For the soybeans, several dependent variables are measured, all of which provide information about reproduction. What are the dependent variables? B) The Independent Variable The scientist will choose one variable, or experimental condition, to manipulate. This arable is considered the most important variable by which to test the investigator’s hypothesis and is called the independent variable. What was the independent variable? Can you suggest other variables that the investigator might have changed that would have had an effect on the dependent variables? He dependent variables, only one independent variable is usually chosen. Why is it important to have only one independent variable? Why is it acceptable to have more than one dependent variable? C) Controlled Variables Consider the variables that you identified as alternative independent variables. Although they are not part of the hypothesis being tested in this investigation, they would have significant effects on the outcome of this experiment. These variables must, therefore, be kept constant during the course of the experiment. They are known as the controlled variables.
The underlying assumption in experimental design is that the selected independent variable is the one affecting the dependent variable. This is only true if all other variables are controlled. What are the controlled variables in this experiment? What variables other than those you may have already listed can you now suggest? Choosing or Designing the Procedure The procedure is the stepwise method, or sequence of steps, to be performed for the experiment. It should be recorded in a laboratory notebook before initiating the experiment, and any exceptions or modifications should be noted during the experiment.
The procedures may be designed from research published in scientific journals, through collaboration with colleagues in the lab or other institutions, or by means of one’s own novel and creative ideas. The process of outlining the procedure includes determining control treatment(s), levels of treatments, and numbers of applications. The value set for the independent variable is called the level of treatment. For this experiment, the value was determined based on previous research and preliminary measurements of sulfur dioxide emissions.
The scientists may select a range of concentrations from no sulfur dioxide to an extremely high concentration. The levels should be based on knowledge of the system and the biological significance of the treatment level. What was the level of treatment in the soybean experiment? B) Replication Scientific investigations are not valid if the conclusions drawn from them are based n one experiment with one or two individuals. Generally, the same procedure will be repeated several times (replication), providing consistent results.
Notice that scientists do not expect exactly the same results inasmuch as individuals and their responses will vary. Results from replicated experiments are usually averaged and may be further analyzed using statistical tests. Describe replication in the soybean experiment. C) Control The experiment design includes a control in which the independent variable is held at an established level or is omitted. The control or control treatment serves as a encroach that allows the scientist to decide whether the predicted effect is really due to the independent variable.
What was the control treatment in this experiment? What is the difference between the control and the controlled variables discussed previously? EXERCISE II: DESIGNING AN EXPERIMENT In this exercise, the entire class, working together, will practice investigating a question using what you have learned so far about the scientific process. Cardiovascular fitness can be determined by measuring a person’s pulse rate and respiration rate before and after a given time of aerobic exercise.
A person who is more fit may have a relatively slower pulse rate and a lower respiratory rate after exercise, and his or her pulse rate should return to normal more quickly than that of a person who is less fit. Your assignment is to investigate the effect of a well-defined, measurable, controllable independent variable on cardiovascular fitness. Specific questions can be asked about an independent variable related to the broad topic of cardiovascular fitness. For example, your question might be “Does cigarette smoking have an effect on cardiovascular fitness? List the questions in the space revived. Choose the best question and propose a testable hypothesis. B) Hypothesis Record the hypothesis chosen by the class. The Experiment A test, called the step test, that is often used for assessing cardiovascular fitness (Sinusitis and Fine, 1987). Here are the basic elements of this test: 1. The subject steps up and down on a low platform, approximately 8 in. From the ground, for 3 minutes at a rate of 30 steps per minute. 2. The subject’s pulse rate is measured before the test and immediately after the test.
The subject should be sitting quietly when the pulse is counted. Use three fingers to find the pulse in the radial artery (the artery in the wrist, above the thumb). Count the number of beats per minute. (Count the beats for 30 seconds and multiply by 2. ) 3. Additionally, the pulse rate is measured at I-minute intervals after the test until the pulse rate returns to normal (recovery time). Count the pulse for 30 seconds, rest 30 seconds, count 30 seconds, and rest 30 seconds. Repeat this procedure until the pulse returns to normal.
Record the number of minutes to return to the normal pulse rate. (Do not record the pulse rate. ) As a group, design an experiment and record the components below: Dependent variable(s): Controlled variables: Control: Level of treatment: Replication: Summarize the experimental designed by your class: Prediction Predict the results of the experiment based on your hypothesis (if/then). Following the procedures established by your investigative team, perform the experiment and record your results. Results Record total class results in a Table.
Identify the treatment conditions at the top of the table. Presenting and Analyzing Results Once the data are collected, they must be organized and summarized so that the scientists can determine if the hypothesis has been supported or falsified. In this exercise, you will design tables and graphs; the latter are also called figures. Tables and figures have two primary functions. They are used (1) to help you analyze and interpret your results and (2) to enhance the clarity with which you present the work to a reader or viewer.
Tables You have collected data from your experiment in the form of a list of numbers that may appear at first glance to have little meaning. Look at your data. How could you organize the data set to make it easier to interpret? You could average the data set or each treatment, but even averages can be rather uninformative. Could you use a summary table to convey the data (in this case, averages)? Table 2 is an example of a table using data averages of the number of seeds per pod and number of pods per plant as the dependent variables and exposure to sulfur dioxide as the independent variable.
Note that the number of replicates and the units of measurement are provided in the table and table legend. Table 2. Effects of 4-Hour Exposure to 0. 6 pimp Sulfur Dioxide on Average Seed and Pod Production in Soybeans. Treatment Number Seeds per Pod Pods per Plant intro 243. 26 16 ASS 241. 96 13 Tables are used to present results that have a few too many data points. They are also useful for displaying several dependent variables. For example, average number of bean pods, average number of seeds per pod, and average weight of pods per plant for treated and untreated plants could all be presented in one table.
All values of the same kind should read down the column, not across a row. Include only data that are important in presenting the results and for further discussion. Information and results that are not essential (for example: test-tube number, impel calculations, or data with no differences) should be omitted. The headings of each column should include units of measurement, if appropriate. Tables are numbered consecutively throughout a lab report or scientific paper. For example” Table 4 would be the fourth table in your report.
The title, which is located at the top of the table, should be clear and concise, with enough information to allow the table to be understandable apart from the text. Capitalize the first and important words in the title. Do not capitalize articles (a, an, the), short prepositions, and conjunctions. Refer to each table in the written text. Summarize the data and refer to the table; for example, “The plants treated with sulfur dioxide produced an average of 1. 96 seeds per pod (Table 2). ” Do not write, “See the results in Table 2. If you are using a database program, such as Excel, you should still sketch your table on paper before constructing it on the computer. Application 1. Using the data from your experiment, design a summary table to present the results for one of your dependent variables, pulse rate. Your table need not be the same size or design as the sample. In your table, provide units of the dependent arable (pulse rate). Tell the reader how many replications (if any) were used to calculate the averages. 2. Compose a title for your table. Refer to the guidelines in the previous section.
Interpreting and Communicating Results The last component of a scientific investigation is to interpret the results and discuss their implications in light of the hypothesis and its supporting literature. The investigator studies the tables and graphs and determines if their hypothesis has been supported or falsified. If the hypothesis has been falsified, the investigator must suggest alternate hypotheses for testing. If the hypothesis has been supported, the investigator suggests additional experiments to strengthen the hypothesis, using the same or alternate methods.
Scientists will thoroughly investigate a scientific question, testing hypotheses, collecting data, and analyzing results, until they are satisfied that they can explain the phenomenon of interest. The final phase off scientific investigation is the communication of the results to other scientists. Preliminary results may be presented within a laboratory research group and at scientific meetings where the findings can be discussed. Ultimately, the completed reject is presented in the form of a scientific paper that is reviewed by scientists within the field and published in a scientific Journal.
The ideas, procedures, results, other scientists. Because of this, science is sometimes described as self-correcting, meaning that errors that may occur are usually discovered within the scientific community. Scientific communication, whether spoken or written, is essential to science. During this laboratory course, you often will be asked to present and interpret your results at the end of the laboratory period. Additionally, you will write components of a scientific paper for many lab topics.
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Formation of Tetrahydrofurano-, Aryltetralin, and Butyrolactone Norlignans through the Epoxidation of 9-Norlignans
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Abstract
Epoxidation of the C=C double bond in unsaturated norlignans derived from hydroxymatairesinol was studied. The intermediate epoxides were formed in up to quantitative conversions and were readily further transformed into tetrahydrofuran, aryltetralin, and butyrolactone products—in diastereomeric mixtures—through ring-closing reactions and intramolecular couplings. For epoxidation, the classical Prilezhaev reaction, using stoichiometric amounts of meta-chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA), was used. As an alternative method, a catalytic system using dimeric molybdenum-complexes [MoO2L]2 with ONO- or ONS-tridentate Schiff base ligands and aqueous tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant was used on the same substrates. Although the epoxidation was quantitative when using the Mo-catalysts, the higher temperatures led to more side-products and lower yields. Kinetic studies were also performed on the Mo-catalyzed reactions.
Original languageEnglish
Article number1160
Pages (from-to)
JournalMolecules
Volume25
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 5 Mar 2020
MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed
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@article{10.1371/journal.pone.0046769, author = {Singh, Shalini AND Singh, Mohini AND Mak, Isabella W. Y. AND Turcotte, Robert AND Ghert, Michelle}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {Investigation of FGFR2-IIIC Signaling via FGF-2 Ligand for Advancing GCT Stromal Cell Differentiation}, year = {2012}, month = {10}, volume = {7}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046769}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is an aggressive bone tumor consisting of multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells and proliferating osteoblast-like stromal cells. The signaling mechanism involved in GCT stromal cell osteoblastic differentiation is not fully understood. Previous work in our lab reported that GCT stromal cells express high levels of TWIST1, a master transcription factor in skeletal development, which in turn down-regulates Runx2 expression and prevents terminal osteoblastic differentiation in these cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the upstream regulation of TWIST1 in GCT cells. Using GCT stromal cells obtained from patient specimens, we demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-2 signaling plays an essential role in bone development and promotes differentiation of immature osteoblastic cells. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 stimulates FGFR-2 expression, resulting in decreased TWIST1 expression and increased Runx2, alkaline phosphastase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN) expression. Inhibition of FGFR-2 through siRNA decreased the expression of ALP, Runx2 and OPN in GCT stromal cells. Our study also confirmed that FGF-2 ligand activates downstream ERK1/2 signaling and pharmacological inhibition of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway suppresses FGF-2 stimulated osteogenic differentiation in these cells. Our results indicate a significant role of FGFR-2 signaling in osteoblastic differentiation in GCT stromal cells.}, number = {10}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0046769} } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tami Lancut Leibovitz
The result was keep. The refs have been discussed at length and the noms interpretation of them not accepted, new refs were also added. (non-admin closure) Szzuk (talk) 19:23, 10 November 2018 (UTC)
Tami Lancut Leibovitz
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
There is something almost funny about a self-professed etiquette expert paying to have an article written about herself, in violation of perhaps not the letter of Wikipedia's policies and guidelines, but certainly the spirit of WP:AUTOBIOGRAPHY. As for the letter of the policies and guidelines, the article contains a number of claims that cannot be verified by independent, reliable sources, and the coverage in some of the sources is not exactly significant. The BBC calls her "one of the country's leading image gurus", but fails to say much about her. I don't think the requirements of the WP:GNG are met. Vexations (talk) 17:24, 31 October 2018 (UTC)
* Dear Vexations - Thank you for your Comments. Tami Lancut Leibovits is a notable person in her field as mentioned by the BBC. I've noted from your comments that additional verified, independent, reliable sources are needed. Besides the BBC, I've listed "Ynet" and "Haaretz" which are very important and significant news websites in Israel. I've also added as a reference a video Interview from the "Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation" (Hebrew subtitles available). Following your comments I've added another reference from Globes - a well known business Newspaper in Israel. I think that by the above references the requirements of the WP:GNG are met. If you believe that still additional resources are needed I'll add some more. Please let me know if you find any other issue in this article that you think should be fixed. Thanks again for your comments. Arielinson (talk) 21:57, 31 October 2018 (UTC)
* is not about the subject, but dedicates three sentences to her. That is not significant coverage.
* The BBC coverage is a source for the fact that TLL is a person of significance. It is clearly mentioned there.the source is significant.Arielinson (talk) 09:43, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* , "significant coverage" refers to the source as the content of the article, not the author or the publisher. The BBC is considered a reliable source, but not everything they publish is "significant coverage". In this case, the BBC, a reliable source provided a trivial mention. Vexations (talk) 14:50, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* I don't read Hebrew, but it looks like the only mention of the subject is a quote by her.
* This Hebrew reference is saying that TLL is a consultant for business executives. The source is major Israeli newspaper. Arielinson (talk) 09:43, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* , So it really has nothing to offer other than "Tami Lancut-Leibowitz, an image and communications consultant for executives and businesspeople". That's not in-depth coverage. And it just repeats what's already been sourced to other sources. Adding references for the sake of increasing the number of references, especially in a paid article is unnecessary. Use only the best sources. If there is a better source that supports this claim, use that one. Vexations (talk) 14:57, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* more quotes by the subject.
* the quote "image consultant guru" is not a quote by the subject. It shows that the subject is of significance. Arielinson (talk) 09:43, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* , I was referring to the quotes provided by her. You seem to think that "image consultant and etiquette guru Tami Lancut Leibovitz, who has become a devoted viewer of the Knesset Channel in preparation of the new role and has been able to map the lawmakers' key problems" establishes that the subject is notable. It doesn't. It merely asserts that she is an etiquette guru. There's no analysis of what she's done, what kind of change she has effected or how her work has transformed Israeli society for example. Merely saying someone is something doesn't make it so. You also need to show it. Vexations (talk) 15:02, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* is a video of the subject appearing on a television show
* Indeed. the TV inteview from a major Israeli news channel shows that the subject is of significance thus the WP:GNG are met and the article should not be deleted.Arielinson (talk) 09:43, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* is bylined DPA. I'm not surewho DPA refers to: Deutsche Presse-Agentur? but it's a promotional article that offers no critical assessment or analysis of the subjects contributions to thinking about etiquette.
* again this article was published in a major Israeli Newspaper. It is a reliable source. Arielinson (talk) 09:43, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* , yes, we generally consider Haaretz a reliable source. That doesn't mean they don't occasionally publish material that offers no critical assessment or analysis, which is why my objection. Vexations (talk) 15:09, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* is a blog, not a relibalesouce.
* If you beleive this source is not needed it can be deleted. there is another reliable source instead. but I think it should be kept as another source even if it might be considered less credible. Arielinson (talk) 09:43, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* is by the subject
* I dont see a reason removing this source if othere reliable significant sources exist to support the article. Arielinson (talk) 09:43, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* , as pointed out above, we prefer to use the best available secondary source. If such a source exists, it should be used in stead of the primary source. Vexations (talk) 15:11, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* In summary, there is no in-depth, significant coverage that is about her by independent, reliable sources. Vexations (talk) 01:43, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* Yes, there is a "dpa" logo at the bottom of that article mentioned in bullet #5 above, and it matches the logo shown in the article about Deutsche Presse-Agentur. In the middle of that article I see "— Advertisement —", but I'm not sure whether this means that the whole article is an advertisement or not. —BarrelProof (talk) 02:29, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* Vexations Following your helpful comments I've added another source which is an in -depth significant coverage about TLL by another reliable source - "Makor Rishon." Yet another major news site in Israel. I've also responded above to your comments about the sources. I think all sources shows that the subject of this article is of significance and thus this article should not be deleted from that WP:GNG reason. Arielinson (talk) 09:43, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* Vexations First of all thank you for your comments and for your help in editing the article. I've noticed that next to the statement "The institute provides consultation services on etiquette for local and international clients such as business executives and government officials." you added "not in the citation given". In the citations I've listed it is clearly mentioned that TLL trained business executives and government officials. It clearly support this fact. Therefore I think that "not in the citation given" should be removed. Please let me know your thoughts about this. Thanks. Arielinson (talk) 08:38, 2 November 2018 (UTC)
* Vexations First of all thank you for your comments and for your help in editing the article. I've noticed that next to the statement "The institute provides consultation services on etiquette for local and international clients such as business executives and government officials." you added "not in the citation given". In the citations I've listed it is clearly mentioned that TLL trained business executives and government officials. It clearly support this fact. Therefore I think that "not in the citation given" should be removed. Please let me know your thoughts about this. Thanks. Arielinson (talk) 08:38, 2 November 2018 (UTC)
* Delete : The article is irritatingly promotional at its core. Yes, the subject has been mentioned in some articles about etiquette, but as best I can tell, the articles were focused primarily on the topic of etiquette rather than on the person who is the subject of the article. —BarrelProof (talk) 00:09, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* BarrelProof thank you for your comment. I did my best to make this article non promotional and list only facts about the person. If you find promotional content please let me know where it is and I'll delete it myself. I think every aspect in this article is important biographic data about this person. Following your comment saying the articles are mostly about etiquette I've added another source in Hebrew which is dedicated to the person in this Wikipedia article. Arielinson (talk) 09:52, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* As time has passed since my comment above was made, the content of the article has evolved, and the discussion here has included enough additional information that I no longer think the article should be deleted. I therefore have struck through my prior "delete" recommendation. —BarrelProof (talk) 18:06, 8 November 2018 (UTC)
* keep: Tami Lancut Leibovitz is a notable person in Israel, well know for her etiquette expertise. Wrote few books at the subject and lectures. I added a link to the article about her in the Hebrew Wikipedia. Ovedc (talk) 08:58, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* I agree, Leibovitz is a well known person. Also as a Wiki-woman I think that there are not enough articles about significant Israeli women. Keep. Laliv g (talk) 13:34, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* , This discussion is about whether the subject of the article is notable. Notability, unfortunately, has a very specific and somewhat idiosyncratic meaning in Wikipedia. Famous, well-known or important are not the same as notable. Please see WP:N. The fact that women are underrepresented in Wikipedia has no bearing on the notability of this particular subject. What we're trying to determine in this discussion is if there is sufficient significant coverage in independent, reliable sources to sustain an article about the subject. If you think such coverage exists, but is not currently in the article, you should feel free to add it to the article or mention it here. Notability is determined by the existence, not necessarily the inclusion, of such sources. Vexations (talk) 15:27, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* Vexations. I think many resources and sufficient significant coverage in independent, reliable sources have been provided in the article to support the fact that this person is notable. According to WP:BIO "If the depth of coverage in any given source is not substantial, then multiple independent sources may be combined to demonstrate notability;". As far as I can see, multiple resources have been provided to show that . Arielinson (talk) 08:54, 2 November 2018 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Israel-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 18:00, 31 October 2018 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Authors-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 18:00, 31 October 2018 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Women-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 18:00, 31 October 2018 (UTC)
* comment: Not sure if these contribute to the subject's notability or not, but here are some links to articles I found on Newspapers.com: . Also see lengthy interview: "Ilene R. Prusher. (January 8, 1998). MAKING ISRAEL SAFE FOR THE CIVILIZED. The Jerusalem Report." I'd be curious what coverage exists (or not) in Hebrew language sources. Thsmi002 (talk) 19:38, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* , Two of those are by the same author, Charles W. Holmes, and their content is nearly identical. What I have an issue with is that they don't actually say much about the subject. If I were to try to summarize what the article says about her, I can find: she is soft-spoken; she aims to teach Israelis good manners; she attributes the lack of good manners to the fact that Israel is a country with a high proportion of immigrants that lacks a collective culture; she is the author of three books; she operates a training facility where she teaches etiquette. That's it. Vexations (talk) 20:53, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* Thank you very much for your helpful comments. I think the coverage shows that the subject of this article is a person of significance. (Since the reason listed for deletion here is the notability of the person.)I have added one of your links as a resource to support the fact that she was an interior designer at her early life. (since "citation needed" was listed over there). I also added the Boston globe article to show that TLL trained business executive and politician as mentioned in the article. Arielinson (talk) 08:29, 2 November 2018 (UTC)
* Leibovitz appears to be the president of the Israeli Confrérie de la Chaîne des Rôtisseurs per . Thsmi002 (talk) 20:04, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
* , Thank you for this comment. I've added that to her bio.Arielinson (talk) 08:29, 2 November 2018 (UTC)
* Keep. The cited sources discuss the subject of the article substantially. --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 15:02, 2 November 2018 (UTC)
* Keep. No need to troll this article with petty peckering. TaBaZzz (talk) 09:47, 3 November 2018 (UTC)
| WIKI |
DICK'S Sporting (DKS) Up on Q1 Earnings Beat, Raised View
Shares of DICK'S Sporting Goods, Inc.DKS gained 25.8% yesterday, after the company reported impressive results in first-quarter fiscal 2018. Both top and bottom line outpaced estimates and improved year over year. In fact, this marked the third straight positive earnings surprise. As a result, management raised its earnings outlook for fiscal 2018.
A look at this Zacks Rank #3 (Hold) company's price performance shows that it has outperformed the industry it belongs to. The stock has rallied 19.1% in the last three months compared with the industry 's increase of 3.7%.
Q1 Highlights
In the fiscal first quarter, DICK'S Sporting reported earnings of 59 cents per share, which outpaced the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 42 cents. The bottom-line figure also grew 9.3% from the year-ago quarter.
Net sales came in at $1,909.7 million, which exceeded the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $1,891 million and increased 4.6% from the prior-year quarter. Adjusting for the calendar shift owing to the 53rd week last year, consolidated comps fell 2.5%. Further, excluding this adjustment, consolidated comps dipped 0.9% in the quarter. However, consolidated comps were up 2.4% in the year-ago quarter.
Quarterly comps were hurt by decline of 3.7% in transactions due to cold spring weather in comparison to last year. This unfavorable weather led to a delayed start in key outdoor sports and activities. The decline was somewhat offset by a 1.2% rise in average ticket.
During the reported quarter, Fitness Equipment and Team Sports businesses were the best performers followed by positive comps in license sales owing to the Eagles Super Bowl win. Also, the company's private brands reported double-digit comps growth, backed by robust sales growth from CALIA, Field & Stream and adidas ADDYY , Team Sports and new brands. In addition, DICK'S Sporting cold weather businesses that include outdoor apparel and boots witnessed robust growth. However, sales declined at the hunting and electronics categories. These were all on a shifted basis.
Furthermore, solid e-commerce growth of 24% year over year, after adjusting the calendar shift due to the 53rd week in fiscal 2017, contributed to the fiscal first-quarter results. Notably, e-commerce penetration improved to about 11% of net sales compared with 9% in the prior-year quarter.
DICK'S Sporting Goods, Inc. Price, Consensus and EPS Surprise
DICK'S Sporting Goods, Inc. Price, Consensus and EPS Surprise | DICK'S Sporting Goods, Inc. Quote
Delving Deeper
Gross margin contracted 35 basis points (bps) to 29.3%. The reduction can be attributed to increased shipping and fulfillment charges with respect to the enhancement of its e-commerce business along with occupancy expense deleverage. This was somewhat compensated with merchandise margins rate, which rose 18 bps due to lower promotions coupled with a favorable merchandise mix.
Further, SG&A expenses deleveraged 56 bps, owing to greater brand-building marketing expenses associated with Olympics, increased incentive compensation accruals as well as investment in its growth initiatives.
While operating income (EBIT) dipped 3.1% to $87.3 million, the operating margin contracted 30 bps to 4.6% mainly due to lower gross margin and SG&A expense deleverage.
Financial Aspects
DICK'S Sporting ended the quarter with cash and cash equivalents of $104.6 million and total shareholders' equity of $1,898.2 million. Furthermore, the company had roughly $280 million as outstanding borrowings under its revolving credit facility as of May 5, 2018.
In the last 12 months, the company was consistent with its investments in e-commerce, while it returned more than $446 million to shareholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases.
As of May 5, 2018, DICK'S Sporting used roughly $19.1 million in cash from operating activities. Total inventory at the end of the quarter fell 3.8% on a year-over-year basis, while total capital expenditures amounted to nearly $49.3 million (on a gross basis) and $43.6 million (on a net basis).
For fiscal 2018, management expects to spend nearly $250 million on a net basis compared with $373 million last year.
Dividend and Share Repurchases
DICK'S Sporting has always created value for shareholders by returning capital in forms of dividends and share repurchases. In first-quarter fiscal 2018, the company paid dividends worth nearly $23.7 million and repurchased nearly 3.3 million shares for a total cost of $107.9 million. Following this, DICK'S Sporting had shares worth nearly $650 million, remaining under its standing authorization that extends through 2021.
On May 17, management announced a quarterly cash dividend of 22.5 cents per share, payable on Jun 29 to shareholders of record as of Jun 8, 2018.
Store Update
During the reported quarter, the company inaugurated eight namesake stores. As of May 5, 2018, DICK'S Sporting Goods operated 724 namesake stores across 47 states, 94 Golf Galaxy stores in 32 states and 35 Field & Stream stores in 16 states.
In fiscal 2018, the company plans to introduce 19 and relocate four flagship stores. Further, management does not intend to open any Field & Stream or Golf Galaxy stores in the fiscal year.
Guidance
Following the robust quarterly results, management raised its earnings per share guidance for fiscal 2018. Consolidated comps are still estimated to be flat to down low single-digit on a 52-week basis comparison. Comps dipped 0.3% in fiscal 2017.
Depending upon an expected 101 million shares outstanding, earnings per share are now envisioned in the band of $2.92-$3.12, up from the earlier guided range of $2.80-$3.00. The raised view was mainly backed by lower share account along with higher margins and lower tax rate in the first quarter. In fiscal 2017, it reported both GAAP and non-GAAP earnings per share of $3.01. The Zacks Consensus Estimate for fiscal 2018 is pegged at $2.93.
The earnings guidance is not based on share repurchases above the $107.9 million executed through first-quarter fiscal 2018.
As management stated earlier, sales and earnings will be favorably impacted in the first-half of fiscal 2018 owing to the calendar shift due to 53rd week in fiscal 2017. However, this shift is expected to hurt results in the second half of the fiscal year.
Want More of Retail Stocks? Check These
Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation BGFV pulled off an average positive earnings surprise of 10.5% in the last four quarters. Also, the company sports a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy). You can see the complete list of today's Zacks #1 Rank stocks here .
Urban Outfitters, Inc. URBN , also a Zacks Rank #1 stock, has a long-term earnings growth rate of 12%.
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To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
I have an existing table of customers. I want to add a NEW row for each customer based on ALL of the services our company offers.
AS IS:
Customer - ID
Freddy - 123
TO BE:
Customer - ID - Service
Freddy - 123 - Serv1
Freddy - 123 - Serv2
Freddy - 123 - Serv3
etc ...
Right now I have been working with below but it has not given desired output:
INSERT INTO Customers (Service)
VALUES ('Serv1'), ('Serv2'), ('Serv3')
• 2
IMO this isn't wise. Duplicating customer records is generating redundant data. Wouldn't you be better off having an associative table between customer and services that you populate with this data instead of DUPLICATING customer data? You're decreasing the normal form of the database by doing this, and if it's an existing application, potentially causing harm to the existing system when the system may not be expecting duplicate records for the same customer. – xQbert Aug 1 '16 at 18:42
• @xQbert agreed 100%. I am just attempting to make a document I can proliferate to business users so they can populate rates for each service per customer per variables such as location, coverage, etc ... I have a normalized version of the customer master which I will associate to a normalized version of the services table once complete. – hansolo Aug 1 '16 at 18:49
up vote 2 down vote accepted
You need some sort of JOIN, in this case a CROSS JOIN:
SELECT c.Customer, c.Id, v.s
FROM Customers c CROSS JOIN
(VALUES ('Serv1'), ('Serv2'), ('Serv3')) v(s);
However, it doesn't make sense to insert this into the original table. That table only has two columns, but you seem to want a third one.
• many thanks, this worked perfectly. The original table had more than two columns, but I didn't want to spell all of them in the demo. – hansolo Aug 1 '16 at 18:46
you have only two column so create third one.
go to table>>design>>and create the third row called Services
now do this:
UPDATE Customers
SET service='serv1'
WHERE Customer='Freddy '
Remember: The WHERE clause specifies which record or records that should be updated. If you omit the WHERE clause, all records will be updated!
• I understand where you are coming from but for this exercise but I want all record to be updated in this case. As I just explained above, I am trying to create a template to pass to business users with intentions to normalize after I have their input. – hansolo Aug 1 '16 at 18:54
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Mike_A
Advisor
MDPS enabled, JHF fails to Import
For the past few days we have been fighting a battle to get JHF 217 installed on a pair of 6600 gateways running R80.30 (we even have a TAC case open but no 6600 devices in the lab for TAC to test on). When a manual import is done through CPUSE UI it just hangs and never imports. When you import through CLI using 'installer import local /blah/yay/JHF.tgz' the command prompt immediately goes back to the clish prompt and says the package was imported successfully but never went through the interactive import prompts. Viewing the packages imported then shows nothing. Today we took it one step further and completely disabled MDPS, rebooted, and were able to use CPUSE in the UI as well as CLI commands, everything worked as expected.
I see sk169576 stating that cloning when MDPS is enabled fails because of the xinetd service needs to be bound to the mplane. Does anyone know what services, if any, need to be added to the mplane above the default added when MDPS is enabled, to get CPUSE working properly? Below is a list of the services/tasks that are added when enabling MDPS.
add mdps task process cloningd
add mdps task process httpd2
add mdps task process ntpd
add mdps task process snmpd
add mdps task process snmpmonitor
add mdps task service cpri_d
add mdps task service ntpd
add mdps task service sshd
add mdps task service syslog
Thanks in advance!
- Mike
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4 Replies
Mike_A
Advisor
The fix for this issue is below.
add mdps task process DAService
add mdps task process AutoUpdater
save config
Reboot Gateway
You can also cat /proc/<PID OF DAService>/nsid to verify which plane DAService is running in. Prior to the commands above, plane is "0", after commands and a reboot, you should observe "1" in nsid.
Aviad_Hadarian
Employee
Employee
Hi @Mike_A , you will need to update cpuse the most up-to-date release in order to "move" it into management plane tasks
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Mike_A
Advisor
Thanks @Aviad_Hadarian, correct. The Deployment Agent was updated as I believe it was stated this was "fixed" in the newest version although the mdps commands are not set automatically for DAService/AutoUpdater like they are for the others like sshd, syslog, etc. The import still failed with 1959, only until the commands above were added.
Will the DAService/AutoUpdater commands be auto set in future releases when mdps is enabled?
- Mike
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Aviad_Hadarian
Employee
Employee
Hi @Mike_A , The answer is yes.
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The first toy trains were made from lead and had no moving parts. Some had wheels that turned, but these needed to be pulled or pushed. A few of the early 19th-century push toy trains were made of tinplate, such as the big, durable, stylized locomotive toys in the U.S., which were painted red and gold and decorated with hearts and flowers. model trains tools
Around 1875, technological advancements in materials and manufacturing allowed tin to be scraped, cut, rolled, and lithographed faster than previously.
Toy trains were revolutionized when Märklin, a German firm which specialized in doll house accessories, sought to make an equivalent toy for boys in which a continuous revenue stream could be ensured by selling add-on accessories for decades after the initial purchase. Along with boxed sets containing a train and monitor, Märklin offered additional track, rolling stock, and buildings offered separately, creating the predecessor to the modern model train layout featuring buildings and scenery along with a working train.
Electric trains adopted, with the first appearing in 1897, made by the U.S. firm Carlisle & Finch. As residential use of power became more prevalent in the early 20th century, electrical trains gained popularity and as time went on, these electrical trains grew in sophistication, gaining light, the ability to change management, to emit a whistling noise, to smoke, to couple and uncouple cars as well as load and unload cargo. Toy trains by the first half of the 20th century were often made of lithographed tin; later trains were often made mostly of plastic.
Prior to the 1950s, there was little differentiation between toy trains and model railroads–model railroads were toys by definition. Pull toys and wind-up trains were marketed towards children, while electric trains were marketed towards teens, especially teenaged boys. Consumer interest in trains as toys waned in the late 1950s, but has undergone resurgence since the late 1990s due in large part to the popularity of Thomas the Tank Engine.
Today, S gauge and O gauge railroads continue to be considered toy trains by their own adherents and are often accessorized with semi-scale model buildings by Plasticville or K-Line (who owns the rights to the Plasticville-like buildings produced by Marx in the 1950s to the 1970s). However, as a result of their high price, one is more inclined to locate an HO scale or N scale train set at a toy shop than a O scale collection.
Many modern electric toy trains contain sophisticated electronic equipment that exude digitized sound effects and allow the operator to safely and easily run several remote control trains on a single loop of track. In the last few years, many toy rail operators may operate a train using a TV camera at the front part of the motor and hooked up to a screen, such as pc monitor. This will show a picture, similar to that of a real (smaller size) railroad)
Thanks for your interest in model trains tools | FINEWEB-EDU |
Page:The Red Man and the White Man in North America.djvu/393
Rh and even embittered parties differences of conviction have driven them, needs no recognition here.
And if the question, “What is Christianity, in the substance of its teaching as vital truth, and in the effect to be produced by it upon life?” has proved a puzzling and a distracting one to the most intelligent and cultivated of our race, what must be its perplexity when an attempt is made to teach it to barbarians, and, as the word is, to convert them to it? If, while progress appears to be making here or there in Christianizing a tribe by one school of missionaries, the barbarians come to learn that another class of missionaries, professing the same religion, condemn their first teachers as false deceivers, and offer quite different lessons and doctrines, what must be the consequence? Over and over again has that perplexity been visited upon the heathen in various regions, but especially here among our Indians. As to sincerity in belief and purpose, it would be a simple piece of impertinence to attempt to decide which had the most of it or the more of it, the Jesuit Father or the Puritan and Moravian missionary. They were both alike sincere to the very core of their hearts; and yet they looked upon each other as fatally deceived and as misleading and endangering their converts. Frequent references are to be found in our missionary literature to the intense dislike and disapprobation, and the dread and horror, and even hate, which the Catholic and the Protestant missionaries among our Indians have felt and expressed towards each other. Evidently each party thought that the other might better have left the Indians in their natural heathenism than have taken them out of it into deadly heresy. As between the parties themselves, of course not a word is to be said here; it is the natural and inevitable effect upon the Indians of such distracting teaching that we have in view. When our New England fishing-smacks went to trade or our soldiers to fight with Indians on our Eastern coasts, they fell in with natives who were under | WIKI |
Ron Tanner
Ron Tanner (born December 5, 1953, San Diego, California) is writer of fiction and nonfiction and Professor Emeritus of Writing at Loyola University Maryland.
Life
Tanner grew up in North Carolina but also lived in New Jersey and the Marshall Islands. In his twenties he was a professional musician, playing drums in California. He earned a Master of Fine Arts from the Iowa Writers’ Workshop in 1986, where he was recruited to participate in the influential “20 Under 30” anthology, which included Ann Patchett, Lorrie Moore, and David Leavitt. Tanner won a post-graduate James Michener fellowship from the Copernicus Society, then went on to earn a Ph.D. in American Literature from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee in 1989, where he was one of four University Fellows.
Tanner joined the writing faculty of Loyola University-Maryland in 1991 and served as writing department chair for four terms. From 2005-10, Tanner served as a board member and a two-term president of the Association of Writers & Writing Programs. Currently, he is Professor Emeritus of Writing at Loyola University-Maryland and lives on an historic farm, where he directs Good Contrivance Farm Writers Retreat, a 501 C-3 nonprofit.
Writing
Tanner’s books are the forthcoming story collection Far West (2021); the novel Missile Paradise (2016); the memoir From Animal House to Our House: A Love Story (2012); a novel, Kiss Me, Stranger (2011); a chapbook, Wheels (2009); and a book of short stories, A Bed of Nails (2003). His stories and essays have appeared in The Iowa Review, The Massachusetts Review, Literary Review, Story Quarterly, West Branch, and many others. Tanner has served as contributing editor to Defunct magazine, West Branch, and the Pushcart Press.
Missile Paradise, a novel set in the Marshall Islands, was named a "notable" novel of 2017 by the American Library Association. A starred Kirkus review stated,"The themes here are major—global warming, imperialism, America’s role in the world (the story is set soon after the Abu Ghraib prison scandal). But Tanner displays a light touch, favoring snappy dialogue over didacticism. The result is winning." In 2020, Tanner won the Elixir Press book competition for an unpublished ms. of fiction, Far West, which will be published in 2021.
Awards
Tanner’s awards include the G.S. Chandra Prize and Towson Prize in Literature for A Bed of Nails, a Pushcart Prize for fiction, Gertrude Press chapbook prize for fiction, First Prize in Fiction from New Letters, the Charles Angoff Prize for fiction, the Jack Dyer Award for Fiction, the Pirate's Alley Faulkner Society Gold Medal for the short story, Best of the Web award, Story South's Million Writers Award, Best of the West award, a Maryland Arts grant (twice), and numerous fellowships, including a James Michener Copernicus Society Fellowship and a Walter Dakin Fellowship (Sewanee Writers' Conference), as well as many residency fellowships (e.g., Ledig House, Yaddo, Millay Colony, and others). In 2014, Tanner was awarded the Nachbahr Award for outstanding achievement in the humanities at Loyola University.
The Marshall Islands Story Project
In 2008, Tanner was awarded a grant by the National Park Service to collect, translate, and preserve the oral stories of Marshallese elders in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. The project set a standard in the Pacific region for teaching students community engagement and communication skills. Translation of the oral stories was completed in 2014 and they are available at www.mistories.org.
Good Contrivance Farm, Inc.
In 2016, Tanner founded Good Contrivance Farm, Inc., as a 501 (c) (3) non-profit dedicated to the preservation and restoration of small historic farms in Maryland. Part of the organization's outreach includes a writer's retreat. | WIKI |
2011 Wisconsin Badgers football team
The 2011 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Badgers, led by sixth-year head coach Bret Bielema, are members of the Leaders Division of the Big Ten Conference and played their home games at Camp Randall Stadium. They finished the season 11–3, 7–2 in Big Ten play to be Leaders Division co–champions with Penn State. Due to their head-to-head win over Penn State, the Badgers represented the division in the inaugural Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated Legends Division champion Michigan State 42–39 to become Big Ten Champions. They were invited to the Rose Bowl for the second consecutive year where they were defeated by Oregon 38–45.
Watchlists/Preseason awards
* Montee Ball
* Doak Walker Award
* Maxwell Award
* Preseason second-team All-American by Consensus Draft Services
* Preseason third-team All-American by Phil Steele
* Preseason first-team All-Big Ten by Athlon, Blue Ribbon and Phil Steele
* Chris Borland
* Butkus Award
* Preseason first-team All-Big Ten by Phil Steele
* Preseason second-team All-Big Ten by Athlon
* Antonio Fenelus
* Jim Thorpe Award
* Preseason second-team All-Big Ten by Athlon and Phil Steele
* Aaron Henry
* Lott IMPACT Award
* Preseason first-team All-Big Ten by Blue Ribbon and Phil Steele
* Preseason second-team All-Big Ten by Athlon
* Jordan Kohout
* Preseason honorable mention All-American by Consensus Draft Services
* Peter Konz
* Lombardi Award
* Rimington Trophy
* Preseason second-team All-American by Consensus Draft Services
* Preseason third-team All-Big Ten by Athlon
* Preseason fourth-team All-Big Ten by Phil Steele
* Brad Nortman
* Preseason first-team All-Big Ten by Athlon, Blue Ribbon and Phil Steele
* Louis Nzegwu
* Preseason fourth-team All-Big Ten by Phil Steele
* Mike Taylor
* Butkus Award
* Preseason first-team All-Big Ten by Athlon and Blue Ribbon
* Preseason second-team All-Big Ten by Phil Steele
* Nick Toon
* Preseason fourth-team All-Big Ten by Phil Steele
* Philip Welch
* Lou Groza Award
* Preseason third-team All-Big Ten by Athlon and Phil Steele
* James White
* Doak Walker Award
* Maxwell Award
* Walter Camp Award
* Preseason second-team All-Big Ten by Phil Steele
* Preseason third-team All-Big Ten by Athlon
* Russell Wilson
* Davey O'Brien Award
* Maxwell Award
* Kevin Zeitler
* Lombardi Award
* Outland Trophy
* Preseason fourth-team All-American by Phil Steele
* Preseason honorable mention All-American by Consensus Draft Services
* Preseason first-team All-Big Ten by Phil Steele
* Preseason second-team All-Big Ten by Athlon
UNLV
Wisconsin kicked off the 2011 season with a bang, recording 499 yards of total offense en route to a 51–17 pounding of visiting UNLV. The Badgers, and in particular, QB Russell Wilson, received the opening kick and drove 65 yards in 3:11, taking a 7–0 lead on Wilson's first touchdown pass as a Wisconsin Badger to RB Montee Ball. The Badgers forced a three and out on UNLV's first possession, and WR Jared Abbrederis returned the UNLV punt 30 yards to put the Badgers in excellent field position. Wilson and the Badgers capitalized; as Montee Ball broke several tackles on a 20-yard touchdown run. With K Philip Welch sidelined to a leg injury, backup K Kyle French missed the PAT, leaving Wisconsin ahead only 13–0. But that wouldn't be all for Wisconsin in the first quarter: after UNLV missed a 34-yard field goal, Wisconsin drove 80 yards in 8 plays and extended their advantage to 20–0 on a 1-yard touchdown run by James White.
The Rebels were able to drive to Wisconsin's 35, but Nolan Kohorst missed his second field goal attempt of the game wide left from 52 yards. The Badgers wasted no time in capitalizing; Wilson dropped a short pass to Montee Ball, who proceeded to take it 63 yards to the UNLV three-yard line. Two plays later, Ball scored his third touchdown of the first half from a yard out, giving Wisconsin a 27–0 lead. But the pesky Rebels answered with a 13-play, 64-yard drive to the Wisconsin 20, scoring for the first time after Kohorst banked in a 37-yard attempt off the left upright.
Whatever hopes this may have raised on the UNLV sideline were quickly squashed as Wisconsin answered with a 3 play, 56-yard drive. Russell Wilson himself scored on a 46-yard touchdown run in which he accelerated past several defenders and scampered almost untouched into the endzone. UNLV managed to lose 8 yards and go three and out on their next drive, and after UNLV's punt gave Wisconsin excellent field position, the Badgers tacked on another field goal to take a 37–3 lead at the half.
The Badgers then scored on their first two possessions of the second half. An 8-yard pass to tight end Jacob Pedersen from Wilson and a 1-yard touchdown run by Ball (his 4th touchdown of the game). That would spell the end for the starting offense for the Badgers as they scored on all 8 possessions they had. UNLV would then score a touchdown with 2:53 left in the 3rd quarter and the scoring was closed out by UNLV with a touchdown pass with 11:41 remaining in the game.
Statistical Leaders
* Rushing: Montee Ball – 10 Car, 63 Yds, 3 TDs
* Passing: Russell Wilson – 10/13, 255 Yds, 2 TDs
* Receiving: Montee Ball – 2 Rec, 67 Yds, 1 TD
* Defense: Louis Nzegwu – 4 Tkls, 2.0 TFL, 2 Sacks
Oregon State
The Badgers posted their first shutout since a 37–0 victory on October 31, 2009 against the Purdue Boilermakers. The Badgers out gained the Beavers 397 yards (208 rushing, 189 passing) to 284 yards (23 rushing, 261 passing). The scoring got started at the 8:35 mark in the first quarter with a 17-yard touchdown pass to tight end Jacob Pedersen from Wilson. The extra point was good by kicker Kyle French who is still filling in for the injured Philip Welch. With 7:42 in the 2nd quarter, Wilson connected with Nick Toon on a 10-yard TD pass. Then with 27 seconds left in the half, Wilson hit Pedersen again with a 6-yard TD pass. The Badgers led 21–0 at the half. Oregon State had done a nice job containing the Badgers powerful rushing attack but Wilson was able to pick apart the Beavers secondary. The Badgers got back on track with the running game in the second half and at the 12:09 mark in the 3rd quarter, Montee Ball scored on a 19-yard touchdown run. The scoring was closed out in the 4th quarter at 14:55 with a 1-yard TD run by Ball.
Statistical Leaders
* Rushing: Montee Ball – 18 Car, 118 Yds, 2 TDs
* Passing: Russell Wilson – 17/21, 189 Yds, 3 TDs
* Receiving: Jacob Pedersen – 6 Rec, 80 Yds, 2 TDs
* Defense: Mike Taylor – 9 Tkls, 1.5 TFL, Sack, FF
Vs. Northern Illinois
It was an unwelcome "homecoming" for the Northern Illinois coach Dave Doeren, who spent the last five years in Madison as the Badgers' defensive coordinator. The Badgers rolled up 621 yards of offense (355 passing and 266 rushing) at Soldier Field. The scoring started early by the Badgers in the 1st quarter at the 12:55 mark with a 12-yard TD pass to Nick Toon from Russell Wilson. Northern Illinois did answer with a 3-yard TD run by Jasmin Hopkins with less than 2 minutes to go in the first quarter. Wisconsin did not waste anytime after the Huskies touchdown as they needed only 3 plays to go 49 yards and score on a 16-yard pass to Toon from Wilson. In the second quarter, Wisconsin scored twice. First was a Montee Ball 1-yard TD run and then a 20-yard TD run by James White. The Badgers lead the Huskies 28–7 at the half. The 3rd quarter was much of the same from the Badgers. Another 1-yard TD run by Ball and a 9-yard TD pass to Jacob Pedersen from Wilson. The only blemish for the Badgers was an interception by Russell Wilson in the 3rd quarter, the first turnover of the season for Wisconsin. The scoring was closed out in the 4th quarter with all the Badger backups in the game, backup quarterback Joe Brennan scored on a 6-yard TD run for his first touchdown of his young career. Russell Wilson passed for 347 yards which was the seventh best total in UW history. Wilson's 384 total yards in the game, was the fifth highest total offense in school annals. The defense was led by sophomore linebacker Chris Borland who totaled a game-high 11 tackles, including a pair of tackles-for-loss. Montee Ball has now scored in nine straight games, and has 22 touchdowns since last October 23.
Statistical Leaders
* Rushing: Montee Ball – 20 Car, 91 Yds, 2 TDs
* Passing: Russell Wilson – 23/32, 347 Yds, 3 TDs
* Receiving: Nick Toon – 5 Rec, 75 Yds, 2 TDs
* Defense: Chris Borland – 11 Tkls, 2.0 TFL
South Dakota
The Badgers dominated South Dakota from the FCS in their final "tune-up" game before the start of the Big Ten season. Wisconsin rolled up 612 yards on offense, 345 through the air and 267 on the ground, and only yielded 173 offensive yards to the Coyotes (124 rushing and 49 passing).
The Badgers started a bit slow on offense but got on the board first with a 5-yard touchdown run by Montee Ball. The Badgers got their first defensive turnover of the season with an interception by safety Shelton Johnson and then their second on the next Coyotes drive with another interception this time by linebacker Chris Borland. The Badgers managed only three points off the two turnovers, a 25-yard field goal by Kyle French. French also missed a 50-yard attempt. The Coyotes drove to a first and goal but were then forced to settle on a 24-yard field goal by Kevin Robb to cut the Wisconsin lead to 10–3 with 6:34 left in the second quarter. Then Wisconsin took over, scoring three touchdowns in the final six minutes of the half. First, it was James White on a 49-yard touchdown run. Then, Nick Toon caught a short pass from Russell Wilson and tip-toed down the sideline for a 59-yard touchdown. The Badgers got the ball back in the final two minutes of the half, and facing a third-and-goal on the 2, Wilson found Toon in the back of the end zone for a touchdown. Wisconsin went into the half leading 31–3.
The Badgers then scored twice in the third quarter to put the game out of reach for South Dakota. The first score of the third quarter was a 51-yard touchdown pass to Jared Abbrederis from Wilson. Then with 5:57 left in the third quarter, Montee Ball scored his second touchdown of the game on a 2-yard run. In the fourth quarter, most of the Badgers starters were done for the day. Wisconsin scored again at the beginning of the 4th quarter with a 4-yard touchdown run by a true freshman running back Melvin Gordon, his first career touchdown. After an interception was thrown by the Badgers backup QB Joe Brennen, South Dakota scored their first and only touchdown of the game, a 4-yard pass from the Coyotes backup QB. The scoring was closed out by Wisconsin on a 41-yard touchdown run by redshirt freshman running back Jeffrey Lewis, also his first career touchdown.
After the game, an unidentified Badgers player was involved in an incident at a local bar which he entered threatening to "whoop on everyone" for not giving him respect. He fled the bar after a physical altercation with a South Dakota fan.
Statistical Leaders
* Rushing: Montee Ball – 15 Car, 88 Yds, 2 TDs
* Passing: Russell Wilson – 19/25, 345 Yds, 3 TDs
* Receiving: Nick Toon – 7 Rec, 155 Yds, 2 TDs
* Defense: Chris Borland – 8 Tkls, 2.0 TFL, INT
Nebraska
Nebraska's Big Ten debut was very unwelcoming. #7 Wisconsin out gained #8 Nebraska, 486 yards (255 passing, 231 rushing) to 335 yards (176 passing, 159 rushing). The Badgers also held a commanding advantage in the time of possession battle, 35:15 to 24:45. Penalties and turnovers doomed Nebraska during this game. The Cornhuskers committed 9 penalties which cost them 80 yards. Taylor Martinez also threw 3 interceptions which the Badgers capitalized by scoring 21 points on all three of the turnovers. Between Russell Wilson's ability to pass and elude passing rushers, and Montee Ball running the ball, the Cornhuskers could not stop the potent Badgers attack. The Badgers also matched largest-ever margin of victory over a top-10 team (31 points).
Nebraska struck first on a 1-yard touchdown run by quarterback Taylor Martinez. The Badgers answered back with a 1-yard touchdown of their own by running back Montee Ball. In the second quarter, the Cornhuskers took the lead back with a 1-yard touchdown run by Rex Burkhead. Again, the Badgers drove right down on Nebraska's defense and scored on a Ball 3-yard touchdown run. Kicker Philip Welch playing is his first game of the season, had the extra point blocked by Jared Crick of Nebraska. The Huskers led 14–13 about halfway through the 2nd quarter. At that point the Badgers defense tightened up and forced two straight turnovers on back-to-back possessions. Taylor Martinez threw an INT to Badgers linebacker Mike Taylor. The Badgers took advantage and scored on a 36-yard touchdown pass from Wilson to Jared Abbrederis. On the very next drive for Nebraska, Martinez again threw and interception to The Badgers safety Aaron Henry. Again the Badgers turned the turnover into 7 points with a 46-yard touchdown pass to Nick Toon from Wilson. Nebraska's kicker Brett Maher then attempted a 50-yard field right before halftime but missed wide right. The Badgers led at the half 27–14.
Nebraska started with the ball to start the second half. The first offensive play of the half, Martinez again threw an interception to the Badgers cornerback Antonio Fenelus. Wisconsin cashed in again on the turnover with a 10-yard touchdown run by quarterback Russell Wilson. Any chance of a comeback for the Cornhuskers was all but gone. The Badgers scored again later in the 3rd quarter with a 4-yard touchdown by Ball. Nebraska would close out their scoring early in the 4th quarter on a 32-yard field goal by Brett Maher. The Badgers were not done as Montee Ball scored his 4th touchdown of the game on a 14-yard run. With 5 minutes left in the game, Nebraska tried to make the score a little more respectable as they drove all the way to the Badgers 1-yard line with the clock running out. With the game well out of reach, Nebraska coach Bo Pelini called a timeout with 12 seconds left to try to score. The Badgers defense stuffed quarterback Taylor Martinez keeping him out of the end zone and keeping the score a very dominating victory for the Badgers, 48–17. Following this victory the Badgers moved up to #4 on the AP Poll and #5 in the USA Today Coaches Poll, making them possible contenders for the BCS national championship game. The last time the Badgers were ranked this highly in the AP Poll was after their victories in the 1999 and 2000 Rose Bowls and have not been ranked higher since the season-ending #2 ranking in 1962 (the highest the Badgers have ever been ranked in the AP poll is #1 for just one week during the 1952 season).
Statistical Leaders
* Rushing: Montee Ball – 30 Car, 151 Yds, 4 TDs
* Passing: Russell Wilson – 14/20, 255 Yds, 2 TDs
* Receiving: Jared Abbrederis – 5 Rec, 95 Yds, 1 TD
* Defense: Mike Taylor – 14 Tkls, TFL, INT
Indiana
Number four Wisconsin routs Indiana for the second straight season. Last year it was an 83–20 debacle and this year the Badgers roll 59–7. The Badgers outgained the Hoosiers 524 yards (332 rushing, 192 passing) to 287 (223 rushing, 64 passing). Indiana turned the ball over three times, two interceptions and a fumble, which hurt the Hoosiers chance of keeping the game close.
The game started with the Hoosiers forcing the Badgers to punt on their first series of the game. Indiana started strong on offense using a no-huddle and a full-house backfield look that kept the Badgers' defense off balance. The drive stalled near midfield for Indiana and the Badgers went to work. After a 46-yard catch-and-run by Montee Ball, Ball finished the drive with a 5-yard touchdown run, for a Wisconsin 7–0 lead. Things then got ugly for Indiana's special teams, as punter Adam Pines tried a rugby style punt and kicked the ball too low and right into the back of his own lineman. The ball bounced straight up in the air and was caught by Wisconsin's fullback Bradie Ewing. Indiana's punter was credited with a 1-yard put and the Badgers took over at Indiana's 26-yard line. Two plays later, running back James White faked out two Hoosiers defenders on his way to a 15-yard touchdown run and a 14–0 Wisconsin lead at the end of the first quarter. After a failed fourth-down conversion by the Hoosiers, the Badgers answered quickly. Running back Montee Ball took a pitch to the right and turned a threw a 25-yard touchdown pass to quarterback Russell Wilson (the first touchdown catch of his career) who was all alone on the leftside of the field. After an interception by cornerback Antonio Fenelus in the end zone, the Badgers drove down and scored on a 35-yard touchdown run by Ball. The Hoosiers finally got on the board, thanks to a 67-yard touchdown run by running back Stephen Houston. Wisconsin again had no problem marching down the field but stalled and was forced to kin a 38-yard field goal by Philip Welch. After an interception by safety Aaron Henry, the Badgers would score once more before halftime. After a 25-yard scramble by Wilson, Wilson then connected with tight end Jacob Pedersen on a 3-yard pass and the Badgers led 38–7 at the half.
The second half started with both teams defenses' forcing punts. Then with about 4:30 left in the third quarter, wide receiver Jared Abbrederis returned his first career punt 60 yards for a touchdown. After another Indiana punt, Montee ball went untouched on a 54-yard touchdown run. Wisconsin then pulled almost all of their starting offense and defensive players at the start of the fourth quarter. The scoring was closed out at the 9:17 mark of the 4th quarter when Indiana's quarterback, Edward Wright-Baker, fumbled in the end zone and was recovered for a touchdown by backup linebacker Derek Landish. This was Wisconsin's 13th-straight regular-season win.
Statistical Leaders
* Rushing: Montee Ball – 14 Car, 142 Yds, 3 TDs
* Passing: Russell Wilson – 12/17, 166 Yds, 1 TD
* Receiving: Jared Abbrederis – 4 Rec, 63 Yds
* Defense: Chris Borland – 15 Tkls, 0.5 Sack
At Michigan State
Michigan State handed Wisconsin their first loss of the season despite being out gained by the Badgers 443 (223 passing, 220 rushing) to 399 (290 passing, 109 rushing). The key stat for the game was Michigan State did not commit a penalty. The Spartans also controlled the time of possession which is the first time this season that the Badgers have not won the TOP battle.
The Badgers started off strong in the first quarter striking first on their opening drive of the game with a 9-yard touchdown pass to tight end Jacob Pedersen from Russell Wilson. After a Spartans fumble, the Badgers scored again on a 9-yard touchdown run by running back Montee Ball. The second quarter was all Michigan State. After a Spartans punt pinned the Badgers at their own 5-yard line, quarterback Russell Wilson was forced to throw the ball away in his own end zone. Wilson was called for intentional grounding and a safety that made the score 14–2. After the free kick, the Spartans scored on a 34-yard reverse to wide receiver Keshawn Martin. The Badgers responded with an impressive drive but stalled and ended up settling for a 30-yard field goal attempt. The Spartans blocked the kick and responded with an 80-yard drive capitalized with a 35-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver B.J. Cunningham from quarterback Kirk Cousins on fourth-and-2. That gave Michigan State a 16–14 lead with 1:20 left in the half. The Spartans weren't done. They used timeouts to stop the clock and force the Badgers to punt. The Spartans blocked the punt and recovered it in the end zone for a touchdown. Michigan State went into the half leading 23–14.
The only scoring in the third quarter was a 33-yard field goal Badgers kicker Philip Welch. Then in the fourth quarter, Michigan State pulled farther ahead with a 15-yard touchdown pass to Keshawn Martin from Cousins. The Spartans converted the 2-point conversion with a pass to Cunningham from Cousins. With the game almost out of reach, the Badgers came down and scored on a Russell Wilson 22-yard touchdown run. The Badgers got the ball back and scored on a 2-yard touchdown pass to Ball from Wilson that tied the game at 31–31 with 1:26 left. The Spartans got the ball back and on first down, Cousins was flushed from the pocket and lost a handle of the ball but it was recovered by the Spartans. Wisconsin called a timeout with 42 seconds left and second-and 20 from the Spartans own 24-yard line. After a 12-yard completion from Cousins to Cunningham, both coaches were waiting to see who or if anyone was going to call a time out. The Badgers coach Bret Bielema called a timeout again thinking they would get the ball back if they can stop the Spartans on third down. The Spartans picked up the first down on an 11-yard shovel pass for Martin. Michigan State's last drive appeared to stall at the Wisconsin 44, but the Spartans had time for one more play. Cousins was able to buy enough time for his receivers to get down field for a final Hail Mary pass. The ball bounced off Cunningham's helmet and into Keith Nichol's hands at the 1-yard line. Badgers linebacker Mike Taylor was fighting to keep Nichol from getting into the endzone but Nichol made one final lunge to try to get the ball across the goal line. The officials ruled that the ball was short and marked at the half-yard line. After review, it was determined that Nichol had crossed the goal line and it was a touchdown. This was the second year in a row that Michigan State handed Wisconsin their first loss of the season.
Statistical Leaders
* Rushing: Montee Ball – 18 Car, 115 Yds, 1 TD
* Passing: Russell Wilson – 14/21, 223 Yds, 2 TDs, 2 INTs
* Receiving: Jared Abbrederis – 6 Rec, 91 Yds
* Defense: Chris Borland – 13 Tkls, Sack, 1.5 TFL
At Ohio State
For the second week in a row, the Badgers lost on a long pass in the final 30 seconds of the game. For the first time this season, the Badgers were out gained. Wisconsin gained 342 total yards on offense (253 passing, 89 rushing) while Ohio State gained a total of 357 yards (89 passing, 268 rushing). For the second week in a row the Badgers lost the time of possession battle, 24:12 to 35:48.
The first half was all defense on both sides. The Badgers struck first in the first quarter with a 22-yard touchdown pass to running back Montee Ball from Russell Wilson. In the second quarter, Ohio State kicker Drew Basil, kicked a 39-yard field goal the hit off the right upright and went in. The Badgers led 7–3 at the half.
In the second half, both teams offense's turned it up. Ohio State started the second half with the ball and scored on a 1-yard touchdown run by quarterback Braxton Miller. The Buckeyes scored again on a 2-yard touchdown run by running back Jordan Hall. The Badgers answered with a 1-yard touchdown run by Montee Ball to make it a 17–14 Ohio State led at the end of the third quarter. The fourth quarter started with a 22-yard field goal by Ohio State's Drew Basil. Then with a 4:30 left in the game, Ohio State quarterback Braxton Miller scored on a 44-yard touchdown run which seemed to close the door on the Badgers. Wisconsin never let down as they scored two quick touchdowns. The first was a 17-yard touchdown pass from Russell Wilson to wide receiver Jared Abbrederis and then a 49-yard touchdown pass to Abbrederis from Wilson. The Badgers took a 29–26 lead with 1:18 to go in the game. The Buckeyes drove down to the Badgers 40-yard line and with about 30 seconds to go. It looked like they were trying to get into field goal range to try to tie the game. The next play Ohio State quarterback scrambled around and it looked like he was going to run but at the last second just before he crossed the line of scrimmage, Miller threw a 40-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Devin Smith in the back of the end zone. The Badgers only had 20 seconds left as they got the Ohio State's 45-yard line and took three shots at the end zone but failed.
Statistical Leaders
* Rushing: Montee Ball – 17 Car, 85 Yds, 1 TD
* Passing: Russell Wilson – 20/32, 253 Yds, 3 TDs
* Receiving: Jared Abbrederis – 6 Rec, 113 Yds, 2 TDs
* Defense: Mike Taylor – 22 Tkls, 2.5 TFL, PBU
Purdue
The Badgers got back on track at home after two heartbreaking losses on the road. Wisconsin dominated the line of scrimmage and the powerful Badger offensive line imposed their will on the Purdue defense. Wisconsin racked up 605 total yards on offense (364 rushing, 241 passing) compared to Purdue's 284 total offensive yards (120 rushing, 164 passing). The Badgers also got back to what they do best, which is controlling the time of possession battle. The Badgers controlled the clock for 36:43 compared to Boilermakers 23:17. Purdue also threw two interceptions which turned into 14 Badger points.
Wisconsin started the game with the ball and the first play from scrimmage, running back Montee Ball took the ball right up the middle for a 44-yard gain. A few plays later, quarterback Russell Wilson connected with tight end Jacob Pedersen on a 1-yard touchdown pass. The Boilermakers came right back after a 49-yard kickoff return. Purdue quarterback Caleb TerBush hit tight end Crosby Wright for a 30-yard touchdown pass, which tied the game at seven. Wisconsin took a 14–7 lead in the first quarter, as Wilson's 66-yard strike to wide-open receiver Jeff Duckworth which helped set up Wilson's 5-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Jared Abbrederis. Special teams problems struck again, as Wisconsin allowed a 74-yard kickoff return. The Badgers held the Boilermakers to a 25-yard field goal by kicker Carson Wiggs, cutting Wisconsin's lead to 14–10 with 1:13 left in the first quarter. Montee Ball got on the scoreboard early in the second quarter with an easy 1-yard touchdown run. After an interception by Badger linebacker Mike Taylor, Russell Wilson scored on a 6-yard touchdown run. The Badgers got the ball back a few minutes later and Montee Ball found the end zone again on a 3-yard touchdown run. Purdue then put a long drive together before halftime and wide receiver Justin Siller scored on a 2-yard touchdown run. But Wisconsin had just enough time for a drive that set up a 52-yard field goal by kicker Philip Welch and took a 38–17 lead into the half.
The third quarter started with Purdue getting the ball and quickly punting it back to Wisconsin. Montee Ball the scored on a 29-yard touchdown run which was his 24th total touchdown of the season tying former Badger Brian Calhoun for most total touchdowns in a single season in Badgers history. After an interception by Badger linebacker Chris Borland deep in Purdue territory, running back James White scored on a 5-yard run right up the middle. Most of the Badgers starters were done for the day by the time the fourth quarter started. James White scored again for the Badgers on a 1-yard touchdown run, the Badgers 6th rushing touchdown of the game. The scoring was closed out at the 5:02 mark of the fourth quarter when Badger backup kicker, Kyle French, kicked a 29-yard field goal. Montee Ball, who leads the nation in total touchdowns with 24, had a career-high 223 rushing yards while only playing 2 and a half quarters.
Statistical Leaders
* Rushing: Montee Ball – 20 Car, 223 Yds, 3 TDs
* Passing: Russell Wilson – 15/20, 205 Yds, 2 TDs
* Receiving: Jacob Pedersen – 2 Rec, 28 Yds, 1 TD
* Defense: Chris Borland – 11 Tkls, 3.5 TFL, 2 FF, INT
At Minnesota
Wisconsin retains Paul Bunyan's Axe for the 8th straight year with a dominating performance on the road against Minnesota. The Badgers, offensively out gained the Golden Gophers 461 yards (283 rushing, 178 passing) to 156 yards (105 rushing, 51 passing) for Minnesota. Again, Wisconsin controlled the time of possession battle by controlling the ball for almost ten minutes more than Minnesota. The Badgers also moved the chains 20 more times than the Golden Gophers.
The Badgers started the game with the ball and chewed up more than half of the first quarter on the opening drive of the game. The drive was capped off by a 5-yard touchdown pass to running back Montee Ball from quarterback Russell Wilson. After the Badger defense forced the Golden Gophers to punt on their opening drive, Montee Ball scored a few plays later on a 14-yard touchdown run. The yardage at the end of the first quarter was 189 for Wisconsin and minus-1 for Minnesota. The Badgers scored within the first minute of the second quarter on a 9-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Nick Toon from Wilson. Then Golden Gophers put their best drive of the game together as they drove down inside the Badgers 10-yard line but stalled and were about to attempt a chip-shot field goal. Then, Minnesota's holder pitched the ball to their kicker, Jordan Wettstein who broke a tackle and scored a touchdown on a 5-yard run. Wettstein then missed the extra point to make the score 21–6. The Badgers scored with less than a minute before halftime on a 17-yard touchdown pass to Nick Toon from Russell Wilson putting the Badgers up 28–6 at the half.
The Golden Gophers opened the second half with a 96-yard kickoff return for a touchdown by Duane Bennett. The Badgers answered back with a long sustaining drive and scored on a 3-yard touchdown pass to tight end Jacob Pedersen from Russell Wilson, his fourth touchdown pass of the game. The scoring was capped off in the fourth quarter by a 1-yard touchdown run by Montee Ball. That touchdown by Montee Ball was his 27th for the season and broke the Big Ten record for most touchdowns in a single season breaking the mark previously held by Ohio State's Pete Johnson (1975), Indiana's Anthony Thompson (1988) and Penn State's Ki-Jana Carter (1994). Russell Wilson is now the Badgers single season record holder for most touchdown passes (25) passing John Stocco.
Statistical Leaders
* Rushing: Montee Ball – 23 Car, 166 Yds, 2 TDs
* Passing: Russell Wilson – 16/17, 178 Yds, 4 TDs
* Receiving: Nick Toon – 8 Rec, 100 Yds, 2 TDs
* Defense: Mike Taylor – 13 Tkls
At Illinois
The Badgers pulled out a hard fought victory against the Illini in Champaign. It was a tale of two halves as the Illini owned the first half and the Badgers took over in the second half. Illinois offensively outgained the Badgers 301 yards (149 rushing, 151 passing) for the Illini to 285 yard (195 rushing, 90 passing) for the Badgers. It was only the second time this season that the Badgers had been out gained (Ohio State). Four turnovers and special teams miscues cost Illinois in this game. The Illini rotated two quarterback throughout the game, Nathan Scheelhaase and freshman Reilly O'Toole. O'Toole threw two interceptions in the second half and Scheelhaase threw one late in the fourth quarter which just about sealed the win for the Badgers.
After both team went scoreless in the first quarter, with less than two minutes into the second quarter, the Illini struck first on a 12-yard touchdown run by running back Donovoon Young. About five minutes later, Illinois scored again on a 1-yard touchdown run by Young. The Illini led 14–0 about halfway through the second quarter. After a botched punt attempt where the Illini punter dropped the snap and was tackled at the 2-yard line, Wisconsin got on the board with a 1-yard touchdown run by running back Montee Ball. With less than three minutes until halftime, Illinois drove down and settled for a 41-yard field goal by kicker Derek Dimke. The unranked Illini who had lost four straight after winning their first six games of the season, led the Badgers 17–7 at the half.
The Illini got the ball to start the second half and had a chance to put the game almost out of reach but Badger linebacker Chris Borland hit Illini wide receiver Darius Millines forcing a fumble that was recovered by Badger linebacker Mike Taylor. The Badgers then put together a long drive converting on a couple of fourth downs. The drive was capped on a 5-yard touchdown pass to Ball from quarterback Russell Wilson. The Badgers next score came after another special teams mistake as Illini punt returner, Terry Hawthorne, let a put sail over his head and bounced about 30-yards and was downed at the 3-yard line for a 74-yard punt by Badgers punter Brad Nortman. His longest punt of the season. After an Illini three-and-out, the Badgers took over at Illinois 44-yard line. Two plays later, Wilson scored on 1-yard touchdown run on a naked bootleg which closed out the third quarter. The Badgers had their first led of the day, 21–17. The Illini opened the fourth quarter with O'Toole throwing an interception to the Badgers safety Aaron Henry. This then led to a brilliant 17-yard touchdown run by the Badgers Montee Ball, his third touchdown of the game. After the Illini drove to the Badgers 29-yard line, Illini quarterback Scheelhaase threw an interception to Badgers safety Shelton Johnson with 7:30 left in the game. The Badgers used Ball and a couple key completions by Wilson to run out the clock. The Badgers scored 21 unanswered points in the second half to pull away with the victory.
Montee Ball became only the fifth FBS player to score 30 touchdowns in a single season. Ball also rushed for a career-high 224 yards, one more yard than his previous high which he had two games earlier against Purdue.
Statistical Leaders
* Rushing: Montee Ball – 38 Car, 244 Yds, 2 TDs
* Passing: Russell Wilson – 10/13, 90 Yds, 1 TD
* Receiving: Nick Toon – 6 Rec, 67 Yds
* Defense: Chris Borland – 16 Tkls, 1.5 TFL, 2 FF, PBU
Penn State
This game determined who would represent the Leaders Division in the first ever Big Ten Championship Game. The Badgers dominated the Nittany Lions in all phases of the game. Wisconsin almost doubled the total offensive yards of Penn State. The Badgers totaled 450 yards on offense (264 rushing, 186 passing) to the Nittany Lions 233 yards (114 rushing, 119 passing). The Badgers also forced four turnovers and held a 38:17 to 21:43 in the time of possession battle.
Wisconsin started with the ball and moved into Penn State territory but stalled and was forced to punt. After the Badgers forced a punt on Penn State's first possession, the Badgers were flagged for running into the kicker which gave new life to the Nittany Lions' drive. Four plays later, Penn State quarterback Matt McGloin, connected on a 44-yard touchdown pass to a wide open receiver, Curtis Drake. Penn State struck first but Wisconsin answered back with a 10-play, 76-yard drive that was capped with a 21-yard touchdown pass from Russell Wilson to Jared Abbrederis. On the next Penn State drive, McGloin threw an interception to Wisconsin safety Shelton Johnson near midfield. The Badgers then scored a few plays later on a Montee Ball 1-yard touchdown run. The Wisconsin defense would continue to dominate and force Penn State to punt. The Badgers scored again on a Montee Ball 2-yard touchdown run. Penn State would fumble the kickoff and the Wisconsin capitalized on a 4-yard touchdown pass from Wilson to Nick Toon, who was wearing number 87 not his usual number 1 in tribute to his father Al Toon on senior day. The Badgers led 28–7 at halftime.
Penn State running back Silas Redd fumbled early in the third quarter and Wisconsin recovered again near midfield. The Badgers marched down on the Nittany Lions defense and Montee Ball scored again, this time on a 9-yard touchdown run. Later in the third quarter, Montee Ball tied his career high with his fourth touchdown of the game, on an 18-yard run. The scoring was closed out by the Badgers kicker Philip Welch, when he kicked a 44-yard field goal with 10:47 left in the game.
With the win, Wisconsin will face the Legends Division champion Michigan State in the Big Ten Championship Game. Montee Ball scored four touchdowns which moves him into second place on the all-time FBS single-season touchdown list with 34. He now only trails Oklahoma State's Barry Sanders record of 39 set in 1988.
Statistical Leaders
* Rushing: Montee Ball – 25 Car, 156 Yds, 4 TDs
* Passing: Russell Wilson – 19/29, 186 Yds, 2 TDs
* Receiving: Jared Abbrederis – 7 Rec, 93 Yds, TD
* Defense: Conor O'Neill – 6 Tkls, FF, FR
Vs. Michigan State (Big Ten Championship)
Wisconsin and Michigan State met in the inaugural Big Ten Championship game, with the winner getting an invitation to the Rose Bowl. A high scoring game that was back and forth for most of the game. The Spartans out gained the Badgers 471 yards (190 rushing, 281 passing) to 345 yards (126 rushing, 219 passing). Wisconsin only held a ten-second advantage in the time of possession battle but what hurt Michigan State was two turnovers to Wisconsin's zero and seven penalties that cost the Spartans 50 yards.
The game started off with both teams scoring on their opening drives. Wisconsin scored first on a 3-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Jeff Duckworth from Russell Wilson. Michigan State answered right back on an 8-yard touchdown run by running back Edwin Baker. The Badgers then answered the Spartans scoring drive with a scoring drive of their own which was capped with a 6-yard touchdown run by Montee Ball. After Michigan State fumbled the kickoff, Wisconsin scored about 30 seconds later on another Montee Ball 6-yard touchdown run. Wisconsin led 21–7 at the end of the first quarter. The second quarter was dominated by Michigan State as they scored 22 unanswered points. Five seconds into the second quarter, the Spartans scored on a 30-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver B.J. Cunningham from Kirk Cousins. Less than five minutes later, Michigan State struck again. This time wide receiver Keith Nichol caught a short pass at the Wisconsin 4-yard line and as he was being tackled out of bounds, Nichol pitched the ball to fellow wide receiver Cunningham, who ran in for the final four yards and the score. Cunningham got the credit for a 7-yard touchdown catch from Cousins on that play. On the extra point, the Spartans ran a fake as the holder, Brad Sontag, scored and converted the two-point conversion giving the Spartans their first led of the game 22–21. Michigan State wasn't done at the scored again with under three and a half minutes left in the half, as running back Le'Veon Bell scored on a 6-yard touchdown run. At halftime, Michigan State led 29–21.
The second half scoring started with the Badgers scoring on a 42-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Jared Abbrederis from Wilson. That cut the Spartan led to one but Michigan State would answer once again. It was Cunningham again scoring his third touchdown of the game on a 44-yard catch and run. The fourth quarter started and the Badger offense kept them in the game putting together a 7-play, 52-yard scoring drive that was capped with a 5-yard shovel pass to Ball from Wilson. The 2-point conversion pass attempt failed so the Badgers still trailed by two, 36–34. The Spartans next possession ate up almost five minutes on a 10-play drive but the Badger defense finally made a stand and forced a 25-yard field goal by Michigan State kicker Dan Conroy. With about 8:30 left in the game the Badgers trailed by five, 39–34. The Badgers offense never missed a beat as they put together their own clock eating drive. The Badgers had an 8-play, 64-yard scoring drive that took 4:38 off the clock. Maybe the biggest play of the game was on that drive the Badgers had a fourth-and-six at the Spartans 43-yard line. Wilson dropped back to pass and was almost sacked but he got away from the rush and threw the ball high up for grabs and Badger receiver Jeff Duckworth, came down with the ball for a 36-yard catch and a first-and-goal at the Spartans 7-yard line. The next play, Ball scored on a 7-yard touchdown run, his fourth touchdown of the game. Wisconsin converted the two-point attempt with a pass from Wilson to tight end Jacob Pedersen. The Badgers now led 42–39 with 3:45 left in the game. Michigan State got the ball but was forced to punt after a three-and-out. The Badgers took over at their own 19-yard line with 2:51 left in the game. After three Badger carries for 7-yards, the Spartans using their last two timeouts, Michigan State forced a Wisconsin punt on fourth-and-three. Wisconsin punted it away and Michigan State returner, Keshawn Martin returned the punt all the Badger 3-yard line. As the Spartans were celebrating, there was a flag during the punt. The penalty was for running into the kicker which gave the Badgers a first down and three kneel downs would end the game, Wisconsin 42 – Michigan State 39.
The win sent the Badgers to the Rose Bowl for the second year in a row. There they will face the Oregon Ducks. Montee Ball's four touchdowns in the game runs his season total to 38, one shy of tying the single season record of 39 held by Barry Sanders. Russell Wilson threw three touchdown passes in the game and broke the NCAA record by throwing a touchdown pass in his 37th consecutive game. Graham Harrell of Texas Tech held the previous mark (36). Wilson was given the Grange-Griffin MVP award for the game. The loss not only extended Michigan State's Rose Bowl drought, it hasn't gone since 1988, and ruined Mark Dantonio's pregame prediction. In an interview taped the Friday before the game, Dantonio told a local radio station that the Spartans would win the game and go to the Rose Bowl.
Statistical Leaders
* Rushing: Montee Ball – 27 Car, 137 Yds, 3 TDs
* Passing: Russell Wilson – 17/24, 187 Yds, 3 TDs
* Receiving: Jared Abbrederis – 3 Rec, 65 Yds, TD
* Defense: Chris Borland – 7 Tkls, 1.5 TFL, PBU
Vs. Oregon (Rose Bowl)
Statistical Leaders
* Rushing: Montee Ball – 32 Car, 164 Yds, 1 TD
* Passing: Russell Wilson – 19/25, 296 Yds, 2 TDs, INT
* Receiving: Nick Toon – 9 Rec, 104 Yds, TD
* Defense: Mike Taylor – 13 Tkls, Sack, TFL, FF
Awards
* Jared Abbrederis
* Honorable mention All-Big Ten (Consensus)
* Montee Ball
* Graham-George Offensive Player of the Year
* Ameche-Dayne Running Back of the Year
* First team All-Big Ten (Consensus)
* Chris Borland
* First team All-Big Ten (Consensus)
* Patrick Butrym
* Honorable mention All-Big Ten (Consensus)
* Antonio Fenelus
* First team All-Big Ten (Media) / Honorable mention (Coaches)
* Travis Frederick
* Second team All-Big Ten (Consensus)
* Aaron Henry
* First team All-Big Ten (Coaches) / Honorable mention (Media)
* Peter Konz
* First team All-Big Ten (Media) / Honorable mention (Coaches)
* Brad Nortman
* Honorable mention All-Big Ten (Consensus)
* Josh Oglesby
* First team All-Big Ten (Consensus)
* Jacob Pedersen
* Second team All-Big Ten (Media)
* Mike Taylor
* First team All-Big Ten (Media) / Second team (Coaches)
* Nick Toon
* Second team All-Big Ten (Coaches) / Honorable mention (Media)
* Ricky Wagner
* Honorable mention All-Big Ten (Consensus)
* Philip Welch
* Honorable mention All-Big Ten (Media)
* Russell Wilson
* Griese-Brees Quarterback of the Year
* First team All-Big Ten (Consensus)
* 2011 Big Ten Championship Game Grange-Griffin MVP Award
* Kevin Zeitler
* First team All-Big Ten (Consensus)
2011 stats
(as of 01/02/12)
Passing
Note: G = Games played; COMP = Completions; ATT = Attempts; COMP % = Completion percentage; YDS = Passing yards; TD = Passing touchdowns; INT = Interceptions; EFF = Passing efficiency
Rushing
Note: G = Games played; ATT = Attempts; YDS = Yards; AVG = Average yard per carry; LG = Longest run; TD = Rushing touchdowns
Receiving
Note: G = Games played; REC = Receptions; YDS = Yards; AVG = Average yard per catch; LG = Longest catch; TD = Receiving touchdowns
Kick and punt returning
Note: G = Games played; PR = Punt returns; PYDS = Punt return yards; PLG = Punt return long; KR = Kick returns; KYDS = Kick return yards; KLG = Kick return long; TD = Total return touchdowns
Kicking
Note: G = Games played; FGM = Field goals made; FGA = Field goals attempted; LG = Field goal long; XPT = Extra points made; XPT ATT = XPT attempted; TP = Total points
Punting
Note: G = Games played; P = Punts; YDS = Yards; AVG = Average per punt; LG = Punt long; In20 = Punts inside the 20; TB = Touchbacks
Defensive
Note: G = Games played; Solo = Solo tackles; Ast = Assisted tackles; Total = Total tackles; TFL-Yds = Tackles for loss-yards lost; Sack = Sacks; INT = Interceptions; PD = Passes defended; FF = Forced fumbles; FR = Forced recoveries
Signed undrafted free agents
* DT Patrick Butrym, San Francisco 49ers
* TE Jake Byrne, New Orleans Saints
* CB Antonio Fenelus, Indianapolis Colts
* SS Aaron Henry, Oakland Raiders
* DE Louis Nzegwu, Atlanta Falcons
* OT Josh Oglesby, Washington Redskins
* LS Kyle Wojta, Chicago Bears | WIKI |
Zeke Martin (basketball)
Carl Taylor "Zeke" Martin (December 17, 1884 – March 1, 1976) was a college basketball player and coach, as well as a mechanical engineer. He was a player-coach for the Vanderbilt Commodores in 1911 and 1912. He was a forward. Charles C. Stroud selected him All-Southern in 1911. According to Stroud, "Martin is not only fast on his feet, and a good shot, as every forward must be, but he is slippery and quick to dodge or wriggle from the bunch. Only a rugged guard can cover him, as he is strong at shaking free." He was also an end on Dan McGugin's Vanderbilt football team. He was a native of Mobile, Alabama and is the namesake of nearby Zeke's Landing, and the "Mar" in Romar Beach. He was once suspended from coaching the team for spending extra days on the beach in Mobile. | WIKI |
Page:The Poetical Works of Thomas Parnell (1833).djvu/55
Rh more than hints, that his religious zeal cooled, in proportion as his prospects of advancement closed. I do not, however, think that we have a right to adopt an opinion, perhaps hastily advanced, and which leads to so unfavorable a construction of our poet's conduct.
About this time he had the misfortune to lose his wife; and in the great disappointment of his hopes, and dejection of spirits which followed, Pope represents him as having fallen into some intemperance of wine. Pope and Swift were not | WIKI |
Jan Małkowiak
Jan Małkowiak (May 20, 1919 in Gelsenkirchen, Germany – July 26, 1991 in Gniezno) was a Polish field hockey player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He played as back in the only match for Poland in the main tournament as well as in one match in the consolation tournament. | WIKI |
7th October 1891
Occupation resister Louisa Gould is born
“I have to do something for another woman’s son,” said Louisa Gould. She spoke the words, which were carved into a memorial stone that was unveiled at St Ouen in 1995, when sheltering a Russian slave worker who had escaped from German forces on Jersey.
Grocery store keeper Gould had hidden Fyodr Polycarpovitch Buryi for a year and a half, at a time when the penalty for doing so was severe. He had been a slave labourer at the Lager Immelmann forced labour camp in St Peter. Born in Siberia in 1919, Buryi, who was nicknamed Bill by the islanders who sheltered him, was a pilot who’d been shot down behind enemy lines. He had attempted to escape twice and, on 23 September 1942, finally made it out of the camp where he was being held.
Buryi was helped by several locals before he came across Louisa, who gave him a home. She had recently learned that her own son, Edward, had been killed in action in the Mediterranean and felt that helping Bill might prevent another mother from going through the pain that she experienced. She was right: her actions helped him to survive the war.
She and the others who helped keep Buryi safe were betrayed by a neighbour, who reported Louisa to the authorities. However, she had notice of the fact that trouble was brewing, and Buryi was sent to stay with her sister for a few days, in advance of the German raid on Louisa’s home. Naturally, they failed to find Buryi, but did uncover evidence that suggested he’d been there, including a gift tag and a Russian dictionary.
Louisa Gould’s arrest and trial
Gould was arrested and tried. Upon conviction, not only of hiding Buryi but also of possessing a forbidden radio set, she was sent to Ravensbuck concentration camp. The letter from the Attorney General to the Constable of St Helier detailing the outcome of Louisa’s trial said that she had been “sentenced to a total of two years’ imprisonment for failing to surrender a wireless receiving apparatus, prohibited reception of wireless transmissions and abetting breach of the working peace and unauthorised removal.”
Louisa never returned to the island. She was gassed on 13 February 1945. Her story was made into a film called Another Mother’s Son, which was released in 2017, starring Jenny Seagrove and former Boyzone singer Ronan Keating. Louisa’s brother, Harold Le Druillenec was also arrested, and sent to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp for having known of Buryi presence and listened to Louisa’s radio. He survived the war and returned to Jersey.
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Other events that occured in October
Henry Seymour Conway is appointed Governor of Jersey
- Henry Seymour Conway was a British politician and general. He was Chief Secretary for Ireland, Leader of the House of Commons, Commander-in-Chief of the Forces and Governor of Jersey.
- Read more… | FINEWEB-EDU |
Talk:Doug Aitken
Untitled
Instead of listing every single one of his "contributions" (exhibitions) can the list please be pared down to the most significant. Whitejay251 05:59, 12 July 2006 (UTC)
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051227000717/http://www.tate.org.uk:80/liverpool/exhibitions/remix/artists.htm to http://www.tate.org.uk/liverpool/exhibitions/remix/artists.htm
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090227093045/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk:80/showbiz/article-890267-details/Adventures+in+white+space/article.do to http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/showbiz/article-890267-details/Adventures+in+white+space/article.do
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130308100534/http://theartnewspaper.com:80/articles/Seattle+to+unveil+Doug+Aitken%E2%80%99s+digital+Land+Art/28993 to http://theartnewspaper.com/articles/Seattle+to+unveil+Doug+Aitken%E2%80%99s+digital+Land+Art/28993
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100316172708/http://www.frieze.com:80/blog/entry/i_doug_aitken to http://www.frieze.com/blog/entry/i_doug_aitken/
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120322063232/http://www.aspenartmuseum.org/archive_doug_aitken.html to http://www.aspenartmuseum.org/archive_doug_aitken.html
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110929074421/http://www.moca.org/audio/blog/?p=1076 to http://www.moca.org/audio/blog/?p=1076
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120322063232/http://www.aspenartmuseum.org/archive_doug_aitken.html to http://www.aspenartmuseum.org/archive_doug_aitken.html
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090604133927/http://www.kunstfilmbiennale.de:80/web/en/startseite_1/138.html to http://www.kunstfilmbiennale.de/web/en/startseite_1/138.html/
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110118050540/http://www.spacetaker.org:80/culture_wire/press_release/aurora-honors-internationally-recognized-media-artist-doug-aitken to http://www.spacetaker.org/culture_wire/press_release/aurora-honors-internationally-recognized-media-artist-doug-aitken
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110712155126/http://www.303gallery.com/exhibition/index.php?exhid=103&p=pr to http://www.303gallery.com/exhibition/index.php?exhid=103&p=pr
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091125064354/http://www.inhotim.org.br:80/novenovosdestinos/eng/work_doug-aitken.html to http://www.inhotim.org.br/novenovosdestinos/eng/work_doug-aitken.html
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Page:Democratic Ideals and Reality (1919).djvu/44
32 for military training. Democracy implies rule by consent of the average citizen, who does not view things from the hill-tops, for he must be at his work in the fertile plains. There is no good in railing at the characteristics of popular government, for they are its qualities and no mere defects. President Wilson admits them when he says we must make the world a safe place henceforth for democracies. They were no less admitted in the British House of Commons when responsible Ministers took pride in the fact that, save in respect of the defensive force of the Navy, we were not prepared for the War.
The democrat thinks in principles, be they—according to his idiosyncrasy—ideals, prejudices, or economic laws. The organiser, on the other hand, plans construction, and, like an architect, must consider the ground for his foundations and the materials with which he will build. It must be concrete and detailed consideration, for bricks may be most suitable for his walls, but stone for his lintels, and timber and slate for his roof. If it be a State which he is erecting—not, be it noted, a nation which is growing—he must carefully consider the territory which it is desirable to occupy and the social structures—not economic laws—which are to his hand as the | WIKI |
What made the Battle of Antietam (pronounced an-TEE-tam) so horrific? What made it so important?
Identify George B. McClellan. What sort of man and commander was he? What events and battles in the first half of 1862 so encouraged the North and discouraged the South? How did McClellan plan to proceed and what challenges did his army face? Describe the foreign policy goals of the Confederacy and the Union. Identify James Mason and Charles Francis Adams. Why was foreign recognition of the Confederacy such a crucial issue to both sides?
Describe the stakes for both sides in the Seven Days' Battle and the outcome. What accounted for McClellan's popularity among his troops? How did Lincoln act afterwards to revitalize the war effort? How did events affect the attitudes of governments in Europe? What explains the gradual growth of support for emancipation in the North in 1862? What were "contrabands"? How did Lincoln eventually decide to proceed with a proclamation of emancipation?
How did the South regain the offensive in the Western theater in the summer of 1862? How did this affect morale and public opinion North and South? Describe General John Pope's attack during the Second Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas).What difficulties did he face within his own army in fighting the battle? How did McClellan undermine Pope? What did General Robert E. Lee hope to achieve by invading Maryland?
How did Marylanders react to Lee's army? How did his army appear? Nevertheless, how was its morale? What effect did Lee's action have on Northerners? How did McClellan react, and how was his army's morale affected? What made Harpes Ferry a tempting target to Lee? How did McClellan learn of Lee's plans and how did he respond? What did Lee decide to do? What were the weaknesses of McClellan's plan of attack and why did he not follow up his victory on September 17? How was Lee able to respond to the attack and why was he able to escape back to Virginia?
How did the Confederate army and the public react to the battle? How did it affect the Union army and public? How did events in the Western theater magnify Antietam's impact on morale? How did Antietam allow Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation? What was its immediate impact in the North, the South, and in Europe, and how did the impact change with time? What was the battle's impact on politics and the 1862 elections? Describe the reasons that Lincoln finally fired McClellan. What made Antietam so important to people North and South at the time? What makes it important for us today? | FINEWEB-EDU |
The Wall Street Journal: Trump asks Pentagon to plan military parade similar to Bastille Day spectacle
Published: Feb 7, 2018 6:59 a.m. ET Share
The U.S. military doesn’t have a history of holding military parades. Parades are expensive and impractical, say critics inside the Pentagon Getty Images President Donald Trump and his wife, Melania, joined French President Emmanuel Macron for the Bastille Day parade in Paris. The last major U.S. military parade was in 1991 at the end of the Gulf War. There was a parade a few months after the end of World War II.
By Julie Bykowicz
WASHINGTON—The U.S. Department of Defense is planning a military parade at the request of President Donald Trump, White House and Pentagon officials said Tuesday.
After observing the Bastille Day celebrations in Paris last year, Trump said he wanted to hold a similar parade on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, perhaps to celebrate the Fourth of July.
The French parade last July, which also marked the centennial of the U.S. entry into World War I, featured more than 6,000 service members, tanks and planes overhead in an elaborate display of military might. French President Emmanuel Macron invited Trump to watch the parade beside him.
“It was one of the greatest parades I’ve ever seen,” Trump said in September at the Lotte New York Palace hotel. “And to a large extent, because of what I witnessed, we may do something like that on July Fourth in Washington, down Pennsylvania Avenue. I don’t know. We’re going to have to try and top it.”
“President Trump is incredibly supportive of America’s great service members who risk their lives every day to keep our country safe,” White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said in a statement. “He has asked the Department of Defense to explore a celebration at which all Americans can show their appreciation.”
The U.S. military doesn’t have a history of holding military parades. Parades are expensive and impractical, critics inside the Pentagon said. They demand the movement of equipment and weaponry that are rarely kept at a parade site. Moreover, a parade would require participating troops to train for months. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Haplomastodon
Leaving a former article stub
Dear all,
I have left a stub to allow anyone still interested in Haplomastodon to view the information and the relevant citations for themselves.
SuperTah (talk) 10:48, 2 May 2017 (UTC)
Should be deleted anyway
There is no reason for this article to exist, all the citations for this article are already linked in the Notiomastodon article. Furthermore, unlike something like brontosaurus, this article has no notability, and only serves to confuse people. As far as I am aware, there are no other articles like this on wikipedia, where a full article is linked behind a redirect and is probably in violation of the Wikipedia:Redirects policy --Hemiauchenia (talk) 16:48, 4 May 2017 (UTC)
Deletion is not an option
It may well be that Haplomastodon and Notiomastodon are (now) considered synonymous. But the way to treat that, is incorporating the information from this article in that of Notiomastodon. "Just delete, only serves to """confuse""" people" is both not a scientific way of working and destroying relevant information that would be lost with this sudden undiscussed redirect. Sources for the use of Haplomastodon: 2016!, 2011, 2010, 2010.
In the 2016 article it says Stegomastodon = Notiomastodon = Haplomastodon (page 2) is specifically named. It might be that all three are synonymous, but then that needs to be well referenced in the article AND all information from both Stego and Haplo included in the article of Notiomastodon. the source for this rearrangement seems to be this short article:.
Rework and include, this sudden deletion is not the solution. Tisquesusa (talk) 19:28, 6 May 2017 (UTC)
* Indeed, is correct. A simple delete is not correct in this instance. The correct course of action would be a merge. Perhaps of the third article as well. I don't know enough about the subject to suggest it myself, but if indeed there is enough credible sourcing to indicate that all 3 are the same animal, than the most common name should be kept and the other two should be merged into that. But as I said, I don't know enough about the subject, someone who does should suggest a merge using the tag. Onel 5969 TT me 19:41, 6 May 2017 (UTC)
* Thanks Onel, two other observations; the publication mentioned above, that deals with the reassignment into Notiomastodon is not even linked in the Notiomastodon article. Second, if indeed the three genera are now part of 1, the correct naming should be Stegomastodon, as that genus was described in 1912 and Notiomastodon in 1929. With drastic changes like this, there should be first a discussion started where various contributors have a say and references should be provided as support for choice A or B. Tisquesusa (talk) 19:54, 6 May 2017 (UTC)
I have started a discussion here to get input from colleagues on this topic. Imho this should have been done from the start and in any case the articles should be expanded with much more information, including this debate that appears to be going on. Not just delete as it "confuses" people, the deletion of information confuses people much more, especially because no effort has been done to solve the wikilinks. I write about Stegomastodon and Haplomastodon that were found in different areas in Colombia, and they link now to Notiomastodon where there's no mention of those fossils. Not the way it should be done. Tisquesusa (talk) 21:05, 6 May 2017 (UTC)
* Are we to assume that article is correct? remember tigers and lions are very similar once the skin is removed.TheDarkMaster2 (talk) 16:10, 22 January 2020 (UTC)
Haplomastodon isn't distinguishable from the morphologically variable Notiomastodon which is agreed upon by all current workers, even those who think that Notiomastodon is a species of Stegomastodon, it should definitely be merged, it wasn't done last time due to Tisquesusa's opposition. You should probably read this old archive discussion on the topic to get up to speed. Hemiauchenia (talk) 16:31, 22 January 2020 (UTC)
* Wait so are we merging all three gophotheres? Stegomastodon seems to still be distinct from the other two — Preceding unsigned comment added by TheDarkMaster2 (talk • contribs) 21:43, 22 January 2020 (UTC)
* No Stegomastodon and Notiomastodon should be kept separate, sorry for the confusion. Hemiauchenia (talk) 22:29, 22 January 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
• Dr. Wilde
ELEUTHERO (SIBERIAN GINSENG)
Updated: Oct 20, 2019
Eleuthero is commonly called Siberian Ginseng, also known by its latin name of Eleutherococcus senticosus or the Chinese appellation of Acanthopanax senticosus. Eleuthero is one of the most widely researched and used herbs from antiquity to the present day. Eleuthero is a widely-used adaptogen in historic and modern times
Source: China, Korea, Japan and Russia
Benefits:
Stress Reduction: Lowers negative physiological response to stress as well as mediates the negative effects of stress on the body tissues. Decreases mental and physical fatigue brought on by stress
Blood Sugar and Diabetes: Can lower blood sugar levels, as well as improve insulin usage and blood lipid levels. It reduces blood glucose levels and insulin resistance, thus improving the factors contributing to diabetes. Eleuthero has been able to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels in study subjects as well
Memory: Lab tests show it increases neuronal communication in the brain. This can aid in memory and cognition preventing the onset of dementia
Herpes: Trials showed Eleuthero to reduce the frequency, severity and duration of Herpes HSV2 outbreaks
Anti-Viral: Beyond its efficacy against herpes, it is useful against the common cold. Benefits are also seen against a range of other viruses, including Epstein Barr, Shingles and more
Anti-Cancer: Can slow cancer growth and boost the immune system. If immunosuppression occurs while undergoing allopathic cancer treatment, Eleuthero is a great adjunct to cancer treatment to improve white blood cell counts
Reduces Inflammation: Reduces inflammatory response as well as the excess mast cell activity seen in allergic reactions or chronic overactive inflammatory disease
Immune Boosting: Increases immune cell production as well as promotes natural detoxification through the liver. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties to protect cells from free radical damage
Risks: Short-term protocols of Eleuthero have seen good results in those who’ve used it. It can react with a long list of medications, especially those who are on lithium or blood thinners. Anyone with high blood pressure should be wary before taking Eleuthero as it could increase blood pressure, therefore must be monitored daily
Eleuthero can interfere with estrogen levels resulting in good or bad effects, depending on an individual's constitution and issues. Monitor every 6-8 weeks in cases of PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) or estrogen dominance
Sustainability: While it grows wild in abundance within China, Korea, Japan and Russia, it is also harvested within Canada in semi-arid conditions that imitate its natural habitat
Processing: The roots of this plant are dried or dehydrated, then sliced, chopped or made into powder to be taken as a medicinal tea or placed into capsules for consumption
>> CLICK HERE TO BUY NOW <<
Resources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4145894/ - Learning and memory aid
http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=KR2005011388 - Effects on lipid metabolism
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3638629/ - Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20920564 - Anti-fatigue properties
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397509 - Antiviral activity
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11032916 - Suppresses cancer growth
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11322643 - Reduces mast cell effects and allergic reactions
https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/hn-2084007#hn-2084007-how-it-works - Promoting liver detox
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ADMN0022E when running stopServer - Websphere
This is a discussion on ADMN0022E when running stopServer - Websphere ; I just configured my portal 6.1 instance today to use an LDAP repository. I followed the steps in the InfoCenter to setup a stand-alone LDAP user registry. I executed the ConfigEngine wp-modify-ldap-security task and I was successful in getting the ...
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Thread: ADMN0022E when running stopServer
1. ADMN0022E when running stopServer
I just configured my portal 6.1 instance today to use an LDAP repository. I followed the steps in the InfoCenter to setup a stand-alone LDAP user registry. I executed the ConfigEngine wp-modify-ldap-security task and I was successful in getting the portal configured to use the LDAP. I can now login to portal and the WAS admin console using the LDAP user IDs. So far, things in the portal seem to be working correctly using my LDAP config.
However, I just found out that I no longer able to run the stopServer command to stop my portal! When I run the command I receive an ADMN0022E error message. And yes, I do have the -username and -password command line options specified. I tried using both the short ID "wasadmin" as well as the full LDAP DN CN=wasadmin,CN=users,... However, neither form of the username seems to allow me to shutdown the portal.
Do any of the portal experts out there have any advice on what to check or how to diagnose this problem?
Thanks!
2. Re: ADMN0022E when running stopServer
Ok, so I figured out my own problem here. A while back I had modified the stopServer script to include a "-username wpsadmin" and "-password wpsadmin" argument so that I wouldn't have to provide them every time. I had forgotten about making this change, so when I was running the stopServer command from the command line like this:
stopServer -username ldap_user -password ldap_password
it was actually attempting to execute the WsServerStop command with a command line like this:
java ... -username ldap_user -password ldap_password -username wpsadmin -password wpsadmin
An examination of the logs/WebSphere_Portal/stopServer.log clued me into the extraneous username and password arguments.
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Vaping HEALTH THREATS – Tobacco Alternatives
vaping health risks
Vaping HEALTH THREATS – Tobacco Alternatives
E-Cigarettes or vapors have recently become hugely Vape Pens popular within the past decade. It comes in different shapes and sizes, and with many customizable features. Often considered a sleek nicotine alternative, it’s no wonder they appeal to both young and old alike. With new reports surfacing nearly daily about the harmful effects associated with smoking, many smokers are embracing an electronic alternative to cigarette smoking.
There are several common e-cigarette vapor risks that users should be aware of. They are not absolutely all realized until they occur regularly. First, long-term ramifications of long-term exposure include cancer and respiratory problems. Second, the products are very expensive. Finally, because they are so new, there are much less reliable or as consistent measures available to reduce their use.
Lung cancer along with other lung conditions can be probably the most dangerous areas of e-liquid consumption. Nicotine has been found in higher concentrations in vapor than it is in smoke. This means that every time a smoker goes outside, they’re inhaling some degree of nicotine into their lungs. This high concentration has resulted in increased incidence of cancers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among ex-smokers.
Heart disease can also be one of the most common e-cigarette vapor dangers. Because nicotine and tar are insoluble in lipids, the levels present in tobacco are quickly diluted when a user requires a drag. But since these liquids stay in the lungs, where they’re breathed in, for longer periods of time than do aerosol sprays, users may be inhaling significantly more nicotine and tar than is safe. This may result in increased cholesterol levels and increased blood circulation pressure.
Tobacco and cancer aren’t the only real potential dangers of smoking; amongst many students, second hand smoke poses a significant health risk. Many students who smoke achieve this because they are struggling to bypass the smell of tobacco smoke. Some even proceed through physical therapy just to eliminate nasty smell. It isn’t uncommon among students to get that their instructors and other adults around them smoke cigars as well. It’s possible that these same students would be able to decrease their own threat of developing cancer by changing their smoking habits to either e-liquids or alternative smoking cessation products.
In spite of all the new e-cigs on the market, it is the tobacco that poses the greatest dangers to a person’s health from consuming it on a regular basis. A cigarette that’s not smoked will release three times more tar and nicotine into the air than a cigarette that is smoked. An alarming rise in lung cancer has been noted among users of e-cigs as a result of this rising rate of youth lung cancer. Young people, especially those under twenty, will be influenced by the dangers of e-cigarette use.
One of the biggest dangers to both adults and youth using e-cigs may be the fact that they do not contain any sort of warning labels on them like the warning labels which are featured on traditional tobacco products. Teenagers have a habit of rolling the cigarettes down, which releases some of the dangerous toxins within burning tobacco. The toxins can irritate some forms of respiratory systems and make them more difficult to treat if you have ever a problem. Because of this , it is essential that the vapor from e-cigs be released in a manner that makes them impossible to inhale. This is the reason most vaporizers cannot be used by anyone but those who are properly trained to have the ability to use these devices.
Another thing that a teenager might experience from smoking vapes is gum disease. This problem isn’t as serious as smoking, but it can be in the same way damaging. Gum disease occurs when the body builds up a resistance to certain oral health practices such as brushing. Once the body accumulates resistance to these oral practices, it should take more regular dental visits to achieve the teeth cleaned. The cost of these visits can eventually spiral out of control, that is where parents of teenagers should start considering using less harmful cigarettes. Vaporizing cigarettes, even yet in a low concentration, is still extremely dangerous for the youth. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
user3120173 user3120173 - 3 months ago 29
Java Question
Debugging inside a JSP page?
I'm using Java 1.6, Spring 3.4, Spring Webflow 2.3.2 and Tomcat 7. I'm trying to debug a JSP page which uses EL expressions like:
<c:if test="${myObject.myThing == SomeClass.ENUMVALUE.myvalue}" >
The
myObject
object is passed in as the Webflow model object. I have a breakpoint set on this line and I am able to reach it and break on it, but anything I try to "watch" or "evaluate" gives me an error message. I get either
${myObject.myThing == SomeClass.ENUMVALUE.myvalue}: Invalid Expression
myObject.myThing: Type is unknown for 'myObject'
(MyCorrectType) myObject: Cannot find local variable 'myObject'
How the heck can I find this model object? What is it contained in by the time it reaches the JSP page?
Answer
The answer turned out to be that it will be in the org.apache.catalina.connector.Request object (In my particular case, it was buried several levels deep inside wrapper objects.)
If you are using a debugger, like the one in Intellij (which I use), you can get the value of an individual attribute (like the Webflow model object) by evaluating the expression request.getAttribute("attributeName"). Note that this may return a Java Object type, and you may have to cast it to the correct type.
For example, in my case, I was able to find the value of the value I wanted using this expression:
((MyObject)(request.getAttribute("myObject"))).getMyThing()
I hope this helps somebody. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
1970 NCAA University Division Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1970 NCAA University Division Outdoor Track and Field Championships were contested June 16−18 at the 48th annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate University Division outdoor track and field events in the United States.
That year's outdoor meet was hosted by Drake University at Drake Stadium (the same location as the eponymous Drake Relays) in Des Moines, Iowa.
BYU, Kansas, and Oregon finished tied atop the team standings, with 35 points each. All three were declared co-champions; it was the Cougars' first title, the Jayhawks' third, and the Ducks' fourth.
Program changes
* The decathlon was contested at the NCAA championships for the first time this year.
Team standings
* Note: Top 10 only
* (H) = Hosts
* Full results | WIKI |
Category:Civil parish of Ardstraw
Below is a list of places in the civil parish of Ardstraw, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic baronies of Strabane Lower and Omagh West. | WIKI |
U.S. selfishness on trade not sustainable, world needs better WTO - EU
BRUSSELS, March 19 (Reuters) - European Commission Vice President Jyrki Katainen said on Tuesday that Washington's "selfish" approach to trade was not sustainable, but it was too early to say that EU-U.S. trade talks were doomed to fail. The Trump administration has imposed stiff tariffs on U.S. imports of steel and aluminum and set off a trade war with China in a bid to redress what it sees as unfavorable terms that contribute to a U.S. trade deficit of over half a trillion dollars a year. The Commission, which negotiates trade agreements on behalf of the 28-nation European Union, has been in talks with U.S. authorities since last July, seeking to clinch a deal on industrial goods trade. EU governments are now discussing the details of a negotiating mandate for the Commission, while Washington has until mid-May to decide whether to make good on President Donald Trump's threat to impose tariffs on imports of European cars. "It is too early to say that our trade discussions are doomed to fail," Katainen told a regular news briefing. "There are discussions going on on several levels and ... we can end up having some sort of an agreement with the U.S. on trade, but let's not go deeper than this," he said, adding that the scope of negotiations had to be clear and that a deal would require a lot of good will and political capital on both sides. Asked about a reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), Katainen said it was problematic and that attempts to get it done were like pushing a rope. "Japan, China and the EU are willing to reform the WTO, the U.S. has not been that interested, but they are willing to cooperate," he said. "Even though the U.S. authorities may think that selfishness is better than cooperation, it is not a sustainable way of thinking. We need better, rules-based trade in the future where the international community sets the rules," he said. U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer told Congress last week that the WTO was using an "out of date" playbook despite dramatic changes including the rise of China and the evolution of the internet. He said Washington was nonetheless working "diligently" to negotiate new WTO rules to address these problems. (Reporting By Jan Strupczewski; Editing by Kevin Liffey) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
[DAS] Why the sequence uploads may be needed.
Audrius Meskauskas Audrius.Meskauskas at medizin.uni-ulm.de
Wed Feb 26 09:46:29 EST 2003
Dear Lincoln
The system that we are creating (Sight,
https://sourceforge.net/projects/jsight/) does automatic analysis realising
the user-assembled tree-like forkflow. The input part of the system is well
developed (large selection of web robot generators), but the output is still
just written to the xml and html log files. In addition, Sight is written in
Java that causes a numerous problems for the Perl, C++ and Python
programmers who try to integrate it into their applications. To improve the
interaction with other programs, we decided to implement work of the Sight
application in a server mode. The user assembles the workflow, then starts
the Sight application. Application starts as a DAS server. Then the user can
call his/her other programs that can be configured to submit DAS requests to
the local host and get the responses. Sight DAS server could work as a
wrapper against some single program, but it can also be configured to
perform some specialised analysis (say search for BLAST hist, located up to
52 amino acids upstream of the second transmembrane helix (if the one
exists), predicted by TmPred. Sight application could run on the same
computer as the programs that connect it. It it is required to integrate
analysis programs that are only supported under different operating systems,
it can also run on some another nearby located computer.
We think, the most common type of request for Sight DAS server would be
request to get the sequence features for the submitted sequence. The most of
the protein feature finders (TmPred, Coil, BLAST, etc) work in this way.
Some mechanism must be provided to declare the submitted sequence as protein
or nucleic acid (DNA, RNA) sequence. The sequence must be uploaded using
POST. For me it seems that the most similar DAS standard is the 'features'
request. I am implementing in this way at the moment. However it is not a
good idea to mix the database accession numbers and the raw sequences. The
accession numbers are short, but the protein or dna fragment can also be sho
rt. I would suggest to have a separate standard for a sequence.
Sincerely yours
Audrius
Ulm university
Germany
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how to remove a tire from a rim
How to remove a tire from a rim – DIY method
How to remove a rim from a tire is probably not the first “how-to” you had thought of searching for as a mechanic or car owner. For anyone for whom it is relevant, we have the answer for you here! Removing the rim from the tire is not difficult once you have the essential tools and apply the correct method.
You can remove rim from the tire either mechanically or through the use of advanced machine. The process of removing for the two methods are explained in the latter part of this article and i suggest that you read further.
Generally, tire changes are cumbersome and messy tasks. Installing a new tire is an unruly process of getting sweat mixed with dirt and old rubber on your hands. Removing the old tire is even more of a hassle than installing a new one. You can either call a garage and pay them to do this for you or save money and do it yourself.
If the latter is your choice, then you are just in the right place. Not everyone loves DIY tasks, and if you love to have your hands on the tire, I will guide you through all you need to know.
What is the tool to remove tire from rim?
You can never achieve the task of removing the tire from the rim or vice versa without access to the right tools. You need a ply bar with a strong pointed iron to remove the tire by hand. However, you need additional tools if you are using the machine method.
For hand removal method:
• Lubricant (such as oil or dish soap)
• Flat-head screwdriver
• Valve core remover
• Knife
• Pry bar
• Pliers
• Optional tire bead breaker
For machine method:
• Metal rod
• Lubricant
• Core removal tool
How to remove tire from rim
Now that you know that you can remove the tire in two different methods, we will go through how you can do the task using any method. They are achievable to do but quite tedious work to do for anyone.
Removing with your hand
how to remove a tire from a rim
1. Remove the tire from the car
If you still have the tire attached to your wheel hub, then you need to remove it. Get the right tool to loosen the lug nuts and get the tire off. If the tire is too difficult to remove, read our post on how to remove a tire that gets stuck to the wheel hub.
Raise the car using your jack, support the car with a jack stand and then loosen the lug nuts to remove the tire. It is the first step to removing the rim from a tire.
2. Deflate the tire
You should place the tire on a flat surface with the valve area facing your direction. You should reach out to the valve surface to deflate the air in the tire.
It will become too difficult for you to break through with the air in the tire. You do not need too much air there in the tire to remove it from the rim.
So, you need to get all the air out of the tire by deflating it. Once you have been so sure you have let all the air out, you can move on to the next task.
3. Lubricate the tire
It is an important part you should do to make the whole task easier for you. You need to apply soap and water or oil to the bead area of the tire. The bead is the part of the tire that lays perfectly on the rim.
You will have to push your pry bar through the middle of the bead and the rim, and that is why you need the lubricant to soften the area.
Once you have done that, you should place your leg on the tire and be ready to remove it. You need to reach out to your ply bar and a pointed road to separate the bead from the rim.
4. Separate using pry bar
You should push the tire against the ground with your leg while you forcefully push the rod between the rim and the tire’s bead. You need to apply pressure when doing this.
Once you have been able to push the rod into it, you should create enough space for the plus bar to come into the space too. Once you can do that, you just need to move the two in any direction that suits you to lift the tire bead out of the rim.
Mind you, and it takes force and pressure to do that. So, you should be ready to exert power when trying to push the rod into the tire. Also, you need to be careful doing this as most people end up damaging their tire bead.
5. Remove the tire using a metal rod
If you follow the step above, by now, you should have the upper part of the bead tire freed from the rim. The rest is to get the tire off totally. The task is easier now that you have enough room.
Just place the ply bar in between the rim and the tire. Push the rim against the ground with your leg while you try to pull the tire using the ply bar.
Apply pressure to the tire using the metal rod. You should beat the tire with force, and then you will notice a slight change. Repeat the process while you rotate the rim and then have the tire out of the rim.
It is such tedious work to do. However, for DIY lovers, you should give it a trial.
Removing the tire with machine
1. Get the air out of the tire
Once you have the tire, you should reach out to the valve area to let out the air totally from inside the tire. You should remove the valve opening and then push against the knob to release the air. It is quite hard for anyone to remove a tire from the wheel with the air intact.
2. Lubricate the tire
You should apply to lubricate to the tire to soften the bead from the rim. Once you have softened the bead, you can find it easy to remove the tire.
3. Core removal tool
You should place the tire on a core removal tool. It is much easier that way than using the hand method. You can watch videos on how to use the removal tool.
There are some expensive ones and cheap ones out there. The advanced ones are those you see at your mechanic shop. You don’t have to go for an advanced tire removal tool as the cheap one can do the task. You should always allow the experts to do the task for you.
Read Also:
Best tires to stretch
How do you get a tire off a rim without a machine?
You should do that using some hand tools. You need to get the air out of the tire through the valve for you to do the task. Once you have done that, you should go on with lubricating the tire.
You should pour the lubricant around the rim where the bead rests on the rim. You need it to be softened to remove the tire. Then you can reach out to your pry bar and metal rod to remove the tire.
Push the ply bar through the bead to raise it above the rim, and you have to do this all-round to make it effective while you use the metal rod to complete the task of removal. Check above on how you can remove the tire from a rim using a hand method.
Read also:
Best tire dressing to prevent dry rot
How do you unmount a tire from a rim?
The best and easy way to do that is to get the tire to the mechanic. The truth is that the task of removing the tire yourself is never an easy task to do.
It requires lots of pressure and stress, which you can easily avoid. However, you can do that with access to the removal machine or handheld tools. Check the information above for insight on how to do that.
How do you remove a tire that is stuck?
If the tire gets stuck, you need to apply lubricant. It is the best method to get through the sticky condition. Also, you might want to use an advanced machine to remove the tire because they are designed for such a task.
However, once you’ve tried soap and water as a lubricant and it doesn’t work, you can try using oil to break the stickiness.
How to remove a tire from a rim at home?
Getting a tire off a rim by hand is easy once you have all the tools you need. The essentials you need are the pry bar, metal rod, flat-head screwdriver, and lubricant.
Once you have all the following, you can find it easy to remove the tire. Follow the instructions we have above if you ever want to try this on your own at home.
Conclusion
With this page on how to remove a tire from a rim, you will find it easy to remove your tire from the rim on your own. Although it is a tedious task, you can find it easy following the instructions and guide on this page. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
File:Eileenwilks.jpg
Summary
This picture of Eileen Wilks was taken by her daughter Katie in the Fall/Winter of 2006 it can be found on the web at http://www.eileenwilks.com/bio/mom.jpg | WIKI |
Paediatric Nephrology Clinic
The nephrology clinic deals with children who have a problem relating to their urinary system which includes the kidneys, the bladder and other related tubes. The role of the kidneys in the body is to get rid of wastes from the blood stream. Kidneys also play a role in the little one`s electrolytes ( minerals like potassium, sodium and many others ) making sure that they are balanced out correctly with the water in the body tissues. Kidneys also produce a hormone that makes sure the child makes enough red blood cells.
At the Gertrude`s children Hospital we have a team of specialists that will make sure your child`s kidney problems are looked into as soon as they are noted. This will include accurate testing of your child`s kidney function tests, blood pressure no matter how tiny they are and other relevant blood tests. Common problems that are addressed at the specialist nephrologist clinic include urinary tract infections, bedwetting , paediatric high blood pressure among many others. Consult your general paediatrician or specialist paediatric nephrologist and have all your concerns addressed professionally.
BEDWETTING IN CHILDREN
Is bedwetting normal in children?
Four percent of children wet their beds up to their third birthday. By the age of 6 this reduces to only 15%. A few continue to wet their beds occasionally until they are 12 years old. Bedwetting has a large familial component. If you (as the parent) wet the bed as a child, your child may continue to wet the bed too. This is often a normal part of development.
What can I do to help my child who still wets the bed?
1. Limit fluids before bedtime (at least 2 hours)
1. Remove any food or drink triggers that you may have noted increase the likelihood of bedwetting.
1. Reassure the child that it is nothing to be ashamed of and that he/she will eventually outgrow the problem.
1. Use an alarm system to wake your child or ask your doctor to prescribe the alarm device used to wake your child when they begin to wet the bed.(xxxx link to pharmacycontact) This method has been shown to assist over 75% of children who use it for more than 3 months.
1. Make sure family, friends, schoolmates and siblings do not tease your child over the issue.
1. Investigate and address any social family or academic problem that may be stressing the child. You can receive assistance from our specialist psychiatry clinic. (xxxx link specialist)
1. Reward your child for the effort made towards staying dry like waking up to the alarms and avoiding late night drinks and NOT only the dry night.
When should I worry about my child`s bedwetting?
• When a child who had been dry for some time restarts bedwetting.
• When there are other associated symptoms like urgency( being unable to hold urine when the urge strikes), frequency ( requiring to pass urine frequently), blood stains in urine or underwear, cloudy urine and pain or a burning sensation when passing urine.
What could the above symptoms mean?
Occasionally bedwetting may occur due to an infection, diabetes or other abnormalities of the bladder or kidneys. These occur in less than 1% of the cases of bedwetting.
A child that had developed to a point of dry nights and restarts bedwetting may be undergoing family or school stress and this needs to be addressed.
What to expect when I consult my doctor?
You should be reviewed by a general outpatient doctor/ paediatrician.
You will be asked questions about a family history of bedwetting, triggers in terms of foods or drink and any other unusual symptoms you may be concerned about.
You may be sent to the laboratory (link xxxx lab) for a urine test to check for any infections. They may also order other tests they may find necessary.
If your child is found to have a urinary tract infection (xxxxUTI) it will be treated as such and the bedwetting may gradually stop. If it persists, they may refer your child to a specialist who deals with the kidneys and urinary system.
In special situations for a child above 7 years of age, there are medications that may be prescribed to reduce your child’s chances of wetting the bed. These may be considered before a camp out, sleep over, boarding school situations whereby the child may face ridicule for wetting the bed.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Children
What is a Urinary tract infection?
This is an infection of one or more parts of the urinary system. This involves the bladder, kidneys, and the tubes involved known as the urethra and ureters. It is quite common in children especially girls (8%) and boys (2%) and is different from sexually transmitted infections.
How do children get UTIs?
The commonest way that children get urinary tract infections is by an ascending bacteria from their skin or poop (stool). The urinary path is very sterile (clean) and has no bacteria whereas the digestive system has a lot of bacteria. The infection may affect either of the four areas of the system. These include:-
1. The kidneys ( where urine is made after filtering out wastes) and this is called pyelonephritis.
1. The ureters ( two tube that allows urine to pass from the kidneys to the bladder)
1. The bladder which is a bag that collects and stores urine until it is passed out. When the bladder is infected we call it cystitis.
1. The urethra (the tube that allows urine to flow from the bladder out as the child passes urine.) This is quite short and wide in girls and that is why UTis are more common in girls than boys.
What are the symptoms of UTIs
Children commonly will present with non-specific signs like:-
• Vomiting
• Fever
• Irritability or fussiness
• Reduced appetite
• Failure to thrive/grow in a healthy manner
Older children may have specific signs that include:-
• Abdominal pain that may be on the back, sides or lower tummy areas.
• Pain when passing urine
• The need to urgently pass urine
• Frequently passing urine
• Foul smelling or cloudy urine
• Some children who are already toilet trained may lose control to hold urine.
• Other children who had been dry at night may begin to wet the bed
How is a UTI diagnosed?
The doctor will take a urine sample for testing in the laboratory. This test is known as microscopy, culture and sensitivity. The result comes out in two or more phases. The first result which is the microscopy and dipstick comes out immediately and will guide the immediate treatment. After 72 hours( three days) , the laboratory will release the culture result. ( this is a test where the laboratory attempts to grow and identify the specific type of bacteria in the urine and check which antibiotic will eradicate it effectively) Your child`s treatment need not wait for the culture result.
How is urine collected?
A small child who is not potty trained will have a plastic urine bag fitted around the genital area by the laboratory staff beneath the diaper/ nappy. You will then be asked to breastfeed the child as you keep checking whether they have passed any urine. The laboratory staff will remove the bag and collect the urine for you.
For older children, you will be requested to give a clean catch (midstream urine sample). This means you should clean your child`s genital area well with clean water. You will then tell them to start passing urine and collect a sample midway as they pass urine. About 10mls is required. The girls get a wider bottle and the boys a slimmer one that is already labelled with your child`s details. You will then return the sample to the laboratory in a brown bag. Make sure the sample gets to the laboratory within less than 2 hours from the time of voiding.
How are UTIs treated?
1. The child is encouraged to drink or breastfeed regularly in order to maintain a good fluid intake
1. Paracetamol is given to manage pain and fever
1. Antibiotics will be prescribed .These are taken for 7-10days. This will follow the hospital guidelines at first/ immediate treatment. In case the symptoms are still present after three days the doctor may decide to change your antibiotic after looking at your child`s urine culture results. It is important to complete your dose even when your child begins to feel better. This prevents antibiotic resistance.
1. Ten days after your child completes their antibiotics, another urine test will be conducted to confirm successful treatment.
1. If your child gets repeated UTIs they should be seen by a specialist nephrologist or paediatrician.
What should I expect at the specialist nephrology clinic?
The doctor will be checking whether there are other reasons why your child keeps getting a UTI. They may send you for an ultrasound which uses sound waves to show any blockages or problems in your kidneys, a micturating-cysto-urethrogram(MCU) or CT Scan depending on their assessment.
How can I prevent UTIs in my child from recurring in the future?
1. Change your baby`s diaper often to prevent bacteria from growing
1. Teach your daughter good bathroom habits as they get older. Girls should always wipe from front to back. This helps stool from the back and bacteria from the vaginal opening from getting to the urethra which is at the front.
1. Encourage your child not to hold urine in and use the washroom as soon as they feel the urge.
1. Avoid bubble baths and perfumed soaps in girls
1. Make sure your child always wears clean, well died and absorbent underwear
1. Encourage your child to drink a lot of water whenever they are thirsty and keep well hydrated
print | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Antônio Rogério Nogueira
-- Doesn't twin brothers usually hail from the same city? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:58, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
Untitled
Shouldn't it be "Minotauro" instead of "Minotouro"? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:42, 27 March 2010 (UTC)
"Minotauro" is the nickname for his twin brother, so it shouldn't be there at all. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:53, 20 July 2010 (UTC)
Minotauro and Minotoro. Rodrigo and Rogerio respectively. Paralympiakos (talk) 16:06, 20 July 2010 (UTC)
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Provision a cluster from Hyper-V standalone hosts in the VMM fabric
Important
This version of Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) has reached the end of support. We recommend you to upgrade to VMM 2022.
Use the instructions in this article to create a cluster from standalone Hyper-V host servers that are managed in the System Center - Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) fabric.
Before you start
Prerequisite Details
VMM You'll need a VMM host group set up in the fabric. This is needed to allocate shared storage logical units if VMM needs to assign shared storage to the cluster nodes.
Hyper-V You must have two or more standalone Hyper-V hosts in the VMM fabric that are in the same VMM host group.
The hosts must meet the requirements for failover clustering.
All the hosts that will be in the cluster should be running the same operating system.
All hosts must belong to the same VMM host group.
You must have a domain account (to use as the basis for a Run As account) for creating the cluster. The account must have administrative permissions on the servers that will become cluster nodes and must belong to the same domain as those servers. Also, the account requires Create Computer objects permission in the container that is used for Computer accounts in the domain.
Storage Storage must be discovered and classified in the Fabric workspace of the VMM console. Then, either storage pools or logical units or both must be allocated to the host group or the parent host group chosen for your set of hosts.
If the shared storage isn't managed by VMM, disks must be available to all nodes in the cluster before you can add them. You'll need to provision one or more logical units to all hosts that you want to cluster, and mount and format the storage disks on one of the hosts.
To access shared storage, the Multipath I/O (MPIO) feature must be installed on each Hyper-V host. VMM doesn't add this automatically. You can add MPIO using the server manager. If MPIO is installed, VMM will automatically enable it for supported storage arrays by using the Microsoft provided Device Specific Module (DSM). If you already installed vendor-specific DSMs for supported storage arrays and then add the host VMM, the vendor-specific MPIO settings will be used to communicate with those arrays. If you add a host to VMM management before you add the MPIO feature, you must add the MPIO feature, and then manually configure MPIO to add the discovered device hardware IDs. Or, you can install vendor-specific DSMs.
If you're using iSCSI SAN as your shared storage, the Microsoft iSCSI initiator service should be installed and running (set to automatic) on each Hyper-V host. VMM uses the iSCSI initiator service to configure shared storage on the Hyper-V nodes automatically when the cluster is created. There's no need to discover iSCSI portals on each Hyper-V node if VMM manages the shared storage.
If you're using a Fibre Channel storage array network (SAN), each host must have a host bus adapter (HBA) installed, and zoning must be correctly configured. For more information, see your storage array vendor’s documentation.
By default, when VMM manages the assignment of logical units, VMM creates one storage group per host, either a standalone host or a host cluster node. However, for some storage arrays, it's preferable to use one storage group for the entire cluster, where host initiators for all cluster nodes are contained in a single storage group. To support this, you must set the CreateStorageGroupsPerCluster property to $true by using the Set-SCStorageArray cmdlet.
Networking For all Hyper-V hosts that you want to cluster, if the hosts are configured to use static IP addresses on a particular network, ensure that the static IP addresses on all hosts are in the same subnet.
If you've already created a network configuration in VMM that is relevant to the cluster and have applied that configuration to network adapters in the hosts, ensure that the configuration is applied consistently across all the hosts you want to cluster. For example, if you've designated a specific set of network adapters (one per host) as management adapters for the cluster, ensure that the name of the logical network and VM network associated with those network adapters is consistent. When VMM is identifying networks that the cluster can use, it will only recognize networks with consistent settings on every node.
Create a cluster
1. In the VMM console, select Fabric > Create > Hyper-V Cluster to open the Create Hyper-V Cluster wizard.
2. In General, specify a cluster name and choose the host group in which the existing Hyper-V hosts are located.
3. In Resource Type, select the Run As account that you'll use to create the cluster. The account that you use must have administrative permissions on the servers that will become cluster nodes and must belong to the same domain as the Hyper-V hosts that you want to cluster. Also, the account requires Create Computer objects permission in the container that is used for Computer accounts in the domain. Ensure that Existing Windows servers is selected, and if you don't need support from Microsoft for this cluster, you can select Skip cluster validation.
4. In Nodes, select the Hyper-V host servers that you want to include in the cluster. You can select multiple hosts by using the CTRL key or a range by using SHIFT.
5. In IP address (if it appears), type in the IP address you want to use for the cluster.
6. In Storage, select the data disks you want the cluster to use. The list of available disks includes the logical units associated with the host group that you selected at the beginning of the wizard.
• If you assigned storage out-of-band, disks that aren't managed by VMM are displayed and selected as available disks, with the check box next to each disk dimmed and unavailable.
• If you're using a third-party clustered file system (CFS) solution, ensure that you're aware which disks are CFS disks. Don't select those disks for the cluster. If you do, cluster creation will fail. If you're using a third-party clustered file system (CFS) solution, ensure that you're aware which disks are CFS disks. Don't select those disks for the cluster. If you do, cluster creation will fail.
• If the number of selected hosts for the cluster is even, the smallest disk that is larger than 500 megabytes (MB) is automatically chosen as the witness disk and is unavailable for selection.
7. In Virtual Switches, you can select the logical networks to use when VMM automatically creates virtual switches on the Hyper-V nodes. The external virtual switches on destination Hyper-V nodes. VMM will automatically create the virtual switches on all the Hyper-V nodes.
8. In Summary, confirm the settings and then select Finish. You can monitor the cluster status on the Jobs page. After the job finishes, you can verify cluster information by right-clicking Properties > Status tab on the cluster. You can also right-click the cluster and select Validate Cluster.
Here's what VMM does after you create the cluster:
1. Validates that all hosts meet the prerequisites, such as required operating system and domain membership
2. Enables the Failover Clustering feature on each host
3. Unmasks the selected storage logical units to each host
4. Runs the cluster validation process
5. Creates the cluster with quorum settings, configures any cluster static IP settings that you specified, and enables Cluster Shared Volumes (CSVs)
6. For each logical unit that is designated as a CSV, assigns the logical unit as a CSV on the cluster
Next steps
Provision VMs | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Differential effects of intrathecal thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on perineal reflexes in male rats
Gregory M. Holmes, Richard C. Rogers, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Michael S. Beattie
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
15 Scopus citations
Abstract
The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the sexual and defecatory reflexes regulated by pudendal motoneurons were investigated. Intrathecal TRH (10 μl volume; 0.0, 0.01, 1.0, or 100 μM concentration) at lumbosacral spinal segments (L4-S1) in acute preparations produced a dose-dependent increase in external anal sphincter (EAS), but not bulbospongiosus (BS), electromyographic (EMG) activity. Intraspinal (L6) injection of 100 μM TRH (1 μl/micropipette), significantly increased EAS EMG activity in acute preparations. Electromyographic activity of the BS muscle was unchanged. All doses of intrathecal TRH (10 μl volume; 0, 10, 50, 100, or 500 μM concentration) in awake animals significantly reduced the proportion of responders to a penile reflex test. Subsequently, all measures of penile reflexes were significantly reduced. Glans tumescence and defecation bouts before or during penile reflex testing were unaffected by intrathecal TRH as were indices of behavioral and motor hyper-reactivity analogous to that produced by serotonin. These data indicate that pudendal motoneurons, in the dorsomedial nucleus, are differentially regulated by neuropeptides present in the lumbosacral spinal cord.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)57-63
Number of pages7
JournalPhysiology and Behavior
Volume61
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1997
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
• Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
• Behavioral Neuroscience
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Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
STM32 gotchas
82. On the RTC readout lock mechanism (and its deficiencies)
The RTC in STM32 (except the 'F1 family) maintains time in three separate registers - date in RTC_DR, time in RTC_TR and subseconds (i.e. the current state of synchronous prescaler) in RTC_SSR. These registers are in the RTC's clock domain, which is typically asynchronous to clock of APB bus through which processor reads these registers, so reading them involves internal synchronization, which implies 2 APB-cycle wait states when reading them1.
Other problem with separate timekeeping registers is, that reading them one by one may result in inconsistent set of data (as an incrementing pulse may arrive out of the asynchronous prescaler during that reading sequence).
In the STM32 RTC, both problems are addressed using a set of shadow registers in the APB clock domain (i.e. reading them does not impose the waitstates), into which the timekeeping registers' content is automatically copied by hardware every 2 RTC clocks2. Reading RTC_SSR, RTC_TR and RTC_DR then reads these shadow registers.
To provide consistent set of timekeeping registers, this copy process is stopped (shadow registers are "locked") as soon as RTC_SSR or RTC_TR is read; and the copy process is resumed (shadow registers are "unlocked") when RTC_DR is read. But this description is not entirely true: instead of stopping the copy process altogether, it is stopped selectively for individual registers - when RTC_SSR is read, RTC_TR and RTC_DR are locked (but RTC_SSR is never locked itself); when RTC_TR is read, only RTC_DR is locked. Or, as the RM puts it:
To ensure consistency between the 3 values, reading either RTC_SSR or RTC_TR locks the values in the higher-order calendar shadow registers until RTC_DR is read.
This behaviour can be easily checked in debugger (such that enables reading individual registers, without reading other RTC registers, e.g. gdb): reading RTC_SSR always returns a changing value. After RTC_SSR was read, reading RTC_TR returns the same value until RTC_DR is read, After that, repeated reading RTC_TR will return a changing value. After reading RTC_SSR or RTC_TR, and waiting long enough, first read of RTC_DR will return the old value which has been locked at the reading of RTC_SSR or RTC_TR, subsequent read will return changing (current) value 3.
Unfortunately, this locking mechanism is faulty, as witnessed by the erratum RTC calendar registers are not locked properly (for parts introduced before cca 2016). According to this erratum:
When reading the calendar registers with BYPSHAD = 0, the RTC_TR and RTC_DR registers may not be locked after reading the RTC_SSR register. This happens if the read operation is initiated one APB clock period before the shadow registers are updated.
As workaround4, erratum recommends to read RTC_SSR second time after reading out all three registers, and repeat if the two RTC_SSR reads don't match. This is basically the same procedure as it would be for BYPSHAD=1 (i.e. as if there would be no shadow registers). The basic idea is, that if the two RTC_SSR reads return identical value, there was no decrement5 to it, thus RTC_DR and RTC_TR could not have changed either. This of course assumes the two RTC_SSR reads are not more than one second (taking into account RTC_SSR decrement period) apart, i.e. there must be no lengthy interrupt in between, but that's a reasonable requirement for normal microcontroller applications.
However, the erratum does not mention that it is necessary to read RTC_DR after the second RTC_SSR read, otherwise RTC_TR and RTC_DR would remain locked, and upon the next read of the timekeeping registers, old values would be read from these registers.
The following snippet for STM32F091 tests the erratum's assertion, that RTC_TR may remain not locked after reading RTC_SSR. After RTC_SSR read, RTC_TR is read, then follows a delay long enough to ensure the "true" RTC_TR to be incremented, and then RTC_TR is read again to find out, whether it has changed due to failure of the lock:
#include "stm32f0xx.h"
volatile uint32_t ssr, tr, dr;
volatile uint32_t ssr2, tr2, dr2;
#define RCC_BDCR_RTCSEL__NONE 0 // cannot be changed to __NONE from other except through backup-domain-reset
#define RCC_BDCR_RTCSEL__LSE 1 // external 32.768kHz crystal
#define RCC_BDCR_RTCSEL__LSI 2 // internal low-speed RC oscillator
#define RCC_BDCR_RTCSEL__HSE_32 3 // high-speed crystal, divided by 32
#define AND &
#define OR |
void LoopDelay(volatile uint32_t n) { // results in delay of cca n*8 clocks
while(n > 0) n--;
}
int main(void) {
RCC->APBENR1 |= 0
| RCC_APBENR1_PWREN // enable clock to PWR, as we will want to write to its registers
// some mcus such as the 'G0 require also to enable RTCAPB clock here
;
// init clock - we use default HSI 8MHz system clock,
// but we also enable HSE (where his board has a 8MHz Xtal) to be used by RTC as HSE/32
RCC->CR = (RCC->CR AND ~(0
// this field by default is zero so we don't bother
)) OR (0
OR RCC_CR_HSEON
);
PWR->CR |= PWR_CR_DBP; // enable backup domain access
RCC->BDCR = 0
OR (RCC_BDCR_RTCSEL__HSE_32 * RCC_BDCR_RTCSEL_0) // select the HSE/32, here it results in 250kHz input clock to RTC
OR (1 * RCC_BDCR_RTCEN) // enable RTC
;
// unlock RTC write protection after power-on reset
RTC->WPR = 0xCA;
RTC->WPR = 0x53;
// set to init mode and wait until in sync
RTC->ISR |= RTC_ISR_INIT;
while ((RTC->ISR AND RTC_ISR_INITF) == 0);
// set the prescaler
// we set it to an unusually low value so that we don't need to wait too long to see date to change
// this results in "seconds" (i.e. RTC_TR) counting at cca 7.8kHz instead of 1Hz,
// that means one "hour" lasts cca half a second, thus RTC_DR increments cca once in 12 seconds
RTC->PRER = (uint32_t)0x7; // sync
RTC->PRER |= (uint32_t)(0x3 SHL 16); // async -- RTC_PRER register must be written in two steps according to the datasheet!
// now set the time/date -- this is meaningless here, but let's just do it
RTC->TR = 0x000000; // time: 00:00:00 (BCD HHMMSS)
RTC->DR = 0x130705 + (5 SHL 13); // date: 2012 09 12 Wednesday (BCD YYxMDD + DOW SHL 13)
// exit init mode - this should start the RTC
RTC->ISR &= (uint32_t)~RTC_ISR_INIT;
// wait for synchro
// -- it should take 2 RTCCLK clocks - given similar HSI and HSE frequency and no APB prescaler, this is cca 64 APB clocks
RTC->ISR &= (uint32_t)~RTC_ISR_RSF;
while ((RTC->ISR AND RTC_ISR_RSF) == 0);
while(1) {
ssr = RTC->SSR; // lock
tr = RTC->TR;
// LoopDelay(300) => roughly 8*300 system clocks = 300us @ 8Mhz HSI, TR ticks at cca 7.8kHz i.e. 128us period (see above),
// so this delay makes sure that "real" TR will change
LoopDelay(300);
if (tr != RTC->TR) { // would the shadow TR be not locked, it would be changed by now
__BKPT();
}
dr = RTC->DR; // unlock
// wait for next copy to shadow registers
RTC->ISR = ~(RTC_ISR_RSF OR RTC_ISR_INIT);
while((RTC->ISR AND RTC_ISR_RSF) == 0);
// add some "random" delay so that the "read starts one APB cycle before copy" condition for the erratum to kick in is met
// HSI/HSE non-synchronicity also helps in this
LoopDelay(tr % 100 + 50);
}
}
A "random" wait (together with mutually asynchronous system/RTC clock sources) should ensure that the "one APB clock period before the shadow registers are updated" condition of erratum is fulfilled. One iteration lasts roughly 500us, and assuming enough "randomness" the probability of fulfilling above condition is given by the ratio of shadow registers update (8MHz/32/2) and APB clock (8MHz) i.e. 1:64, so we should see the program to end up in the breakpoint pretty soon.
However, the program did not stop at the breakpoint even when run for several minutes. So what gives?
I believe that the description in the erratum is not precise. In the above program, the main loop has been changed for a simple:
while(1) {
ssr = RTC->SSR; // lock
tr = RTC->TR;
dr = RTC->DR; // unlock
ssr2 = RTC->SSR; // lock
tr2 = RTC->TR;
dr2 = RTC->DR; // unlock
if (tr2 != tr) {
__BKPT();
}
}
and when breakpoint was reached (i.e. RTC_TR changed), ssr2 was observed. It was found, that while in most cases ssr2 = 7 - which is the expected value, equal to the synchronous prescaler, given RTC_TR has just changed and the program is simple enough to avoid any delays to be introduced - sometimes ssr2 = 0 was seen.
This means, that under the specific timing condition, content of RTC_SSR was read before decrement (and rollover), while RTC_TR was locked after RTC_SSR decrement => RTC_TR increment, in the updated state.
The same program (only modified for register name changes) was run also on a STM32G0B1, with breakpoint subject to ssr2 != 7, and there was no occurence of this during several minutes of run, confirming that the RTC in 'G0 has this particular problem fixed.
Regardless of the exact mechanism of the lock problem, the workaround described in the erratum is valid [EDIT] - although see g95 for a proper implementation [/EDIT].
1. Accessing all RTC registers except the three shadow registers impose the same 2 APB-cycle wait states, see RTC register access subchapter in RTC chapter of RM. In other words, all RTC registers are located at the backup clock domain. In some applications, this waitstate can have unwanted consequences in blocking the APB bus with this access, potentially resulting in late handling (and thus over/underflow) of other peripherals on the same APB bus.
2. For this copy process to work properly, APB bus frequency has to be 7x the RTC clock frequency. There is a method to monitor this copying process: the RTC_ISR.RSF bit is set by hardware when the copy is performed, so this bit can be cleared by software and then polled. There is also a method to avoid using the shadow registers altogether, by setting RTC_CR.BYPSHAD.
3. As RTC_DR changes only "once a day", this is normally cumbersome to observe. For experiments, RTC can be clocked from a high-speed oscillator (LSE in bypass, or using the HSE/32 option) and the prescaler can be set to a minimal value. The experimental setup described in this article results in RTC_DR being incremented roughly once in 12 seconds.
4. By the end of this discussion (which inspired this article), user with nick Piranha proposes an alternative method for consistent reading of the timekeeping registers, which should work consistently, regardless of the erratum or BYPSHAD setting. [EDIT] Unfortunately, this method does not work because of issues discussed in g95. [/EDIT]
5. RTC_SSR is downcounter. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
"Cochranella" xanthocheridia
"Cochranella" xanthocheridia is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It has an uncertain generic placement (incertae sedis ) within subfamily Centroleninae; molecular data are not available and morphological and behavioural characters do not unambiguously place it in any specific genus.
Cochranella xanthocheridia is endemic to Colombia and known from the Cordillera Occidental in the Córdoba, Antioquia, and Risaralda Departments at elevations of 480 - 2060 m asl.
The species' natural habitats are tropical rain forests of the Andean foothills and montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by agricultural expansion and timber extraction, and by water pollution. | WIKI |
The then President of Colombia Belisario Betancur, along with other members of the government, visited the earthquake (Earthquake) affected area and attended the funeral after the disaster.
Earthquake (symbolic photo)
The Popayan Earthquake on 31 March 1983, 37 years ago, had put Colombia in captivity for a long time. On the Richter scale, the magnitude of this earthquake (Earthquake) was measured at 5.5, with its epicenter at a depth of 12 to 15 kilometers southwest of Popayan. This earthquake completely changed Colombia. Following this earthquake that killed 267 people, Colombia passed new laws that mandated the need for anti-earthquake building materials in the Risk Zone to prevent earthquakes.
The 1983 earthquake that year struck ‘Maundy Thursday’ at 8:13 pm. Although it lasted less than half a minute, it caused huge damage. In this 267 people were killed and 7,500 people were injured. 14,000 buildings were damaged by the earthquake, most of which were in the historical center of the city. Of these, 6,885 buildings were damaged by more than 50 percent and the remaining 4,500 buildings suffered minor damage. 2,470 houses had also collapsed due to the earthquake.
Deaths in nearby towns and areas
It is estimated that there was a loss of about $ 50 million from this earthquake. Due to this, the local infrastructure was also severely damaged. People were forced to live without electricity and water for several days. Communications services were affected and the city’s airport was damaged, which meant it could only be used for small aircraft and helicopters.
Many of the injured had to be taken to the nearby big city of Cali. The earthquake affected many nearby towns and areas and at least 10 people died in Qajibiyo. The then President of Colombia, Belisario Betanur, along with other members of the government, visited the earthquake affected area and attended the funeral after the disaster.
Countries extended help
The government took a loan from the World Bank and planned to invest $ 80 million in the city, half of which was to be used for reconstruction and the rest to be used for economic uplift. Colombia also received help from other countries. When the Spanish Red Cross sent materials to help the injured, the Spanish government also extended a helping hand. At the same time, Venezuela sent an aircraft to provide medical help to the survivors and the United States sent materials and medical supplies worth US $ 700,000.
Colombia made a new law
Many one- and two-storey buildings that were damaged were constructed with materials that could not withstand earthquakes. These buildings were built with the assumption that they will remain unaffected by any shock of the earth. The result was that the government of Colombia passed a new building code, emphasizing the need to build buildings capable of withstanding earthquakes. The Colombian seismic network was also established to monitor seismic changes.
Also read: Will Elon Musk’s dream of reaching Mars remain incomplete? SpaceX’s starship rocket fails for the fourth time
ALSO READ: Myanmar people protesting with ‘garbage’ after ‘women’s clothes’, giving unique message to cruel army | FINEWEB-EDU |
User:DinoQueen13
Characters
* Kiryu Kyosuke from Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's
* Seth from Dinosaur King
* Aki Izayoi from Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's
* Luna from Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's
* Itachi Uchiha from Naruto
* Tenten from Naruto
* Temari from Naruto
* Ku Fei from Negima?!
* Kaede Nagase from Negima?!
Other
* Music
Characters
* Lazar from Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's, he's some imp trans-gender dude
* Rudger from 5d's, he has Luna's Ancient Fairy Dragon
* Naruto from Naruto
* Sasuke from Naruto
Other
* Spam
* Wikia's Rich Text Format, so inconvenient to use
Userboxes
Credits to User:Joey3r for introducing them to me | WIKI |
Can Chiropractic Help with Scoliosis Pain?
by Dr. Travis Utter
March 29th, 2019
If you or a loved one suffer from scoliosis, you know that it can have a debilitating impact on your ability to live a pain free life with complete mobility. Chiropractic care offers a proven history of helping to improve spinal alignment and reduce joint and muscle pain, but can chiropractic adjustments help reduce the pain from scoliosis and improve quality of life?
First, let’s take a moment to examine what scoliosis is and the types of scoliosis which exist before talking about chiropractic as a possible remedy.
What is Scoliosis?
The human spine, while often described as straight, actually has a natural, slight-S shape to it; however, if that curvature becomes too pronounced, it can be diagnosed as scoliosis. To be officially diagnosed, the aforementioned curvature of the spine needs to be greater than 10 degrees. A curve of over 10 degrees is much more visible to the human eye, and if you were to observe the x-ray of someone with scoliosis, there would be a more noticeable S or C shape, depending on which way the spine is curving.
scoliosis posture
These curves of the spine are often visible, even without looking at an x-ray, simply by observing the posture of the scoliosis sufferer, as they will traditionally present with uneven shoulders, hips or waist, a hump in the rib area, or jutting of the lower back toward the side of the curve.
What are the Types of Scoliosis?
Scoliosis has several causes, some understood by science, and some still a total mystery. Learn more about the different forms of scoliosis below:
Congenital Curve
Congenital defects are abnormalities that are present at birth. A congenital curve case of scoliosis will be with you when you’re born and will usually be diagnosed at some point during childhood. These cases are relatively rare.
Idiopathic Curve
“Idiopathic” is defined as “of unknown origin,” so, an idiopathic case of scoliosis is one that forms seemingly out of nowhere with no explanation. Frighteningly, this type of scoliosis is the most common form, and will generally be noticed and diagnosed during puberty.
Paralytic Curve
Another, rarer form of abnormal spine curvature is the Paralytic Curve. These are most often the result of an injury to the spinal cord, which has caused the muscles surrounding the spine to not work. Without their support, the spine can begin to curve.
Similarly, muscles surrounding the spine can also atrophy due to cerebral palsy, polio, or muscular dystrophy, which can, in turn, cause the same types of spine curvature as a paralyzing injury.
Secondary Causes
There are a multitude of additional conditions which can negatively affect the spine, including osteoporosis and osteomalacia, both of which can lead to a weakening of the spine and cause a curvature. This can be referred to as secondary because the scoliosis comes after the primary cause, which acts to weaken the spine and surrounding muscles.
Chiropractic for Scoliosis
Now that you have learned a little more about what scoliosis is and the different varieties, let’s touch on if chiropractic adjustments can play a role in your care. While it is true that chiropractic adjustments alone cannot cure or reverse the curvature caused by scoliosis, there are still significant benefits to incorporating chiropractic appointments into your scoliosis healthcare regimen.
Chiropractic can help improve form, and offer additional mobility into the joints, which can lessen pain and improve posture. Also, other issues or symptoms can also be looked at during a chiropractic visit, which can be worked on to help prevent additional damage to the spine.
scoliosis chiropractor
Living with Scoliosis
Most scoliosis patients deal with both physical and emotional pain during their lives, as they have more than likely spent some portion of their adolescence wearing noticeable back braces, which can lead to a lifetime of insecurity, coupled with the physical pain and reduced mobility associated with unnatural spinal curvatures.
Because of this, even small to moderate posture improvements received from chiropractic manipulation can not only reduce some of the physical pain, but also offer a renewed self-confidence and improved self-image.
pain free woman
If you or a loved one have been dealing with the adverse effects of Scoliosis, please reach out to the experienced chiropractors at Preferred Injury Physicians to schedule an appointment. We’ll be able to examine the severity of your scoliosis and come up with a custom treatment plan specific to your needs. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Flower Net
Untitled
Request permission to remove issues statement at the top of this page. The entry has been revised to better meet Wikipedia standards. Lfrancissells (talk) 12:31, 3 May 2008 (UTC)
Footnotes, references, and additional internal links added. Time frame of novel specified in historical context. Lfrancissells (talk) 18:20, 18 June 2008 (UTC)
Deletion of Multiple Issues Template (April 2008)
Article has been extensively revised for tone and better coherence. Footnotes and references added. Relationship between novel events and real historical people and events explained. Lfrancissells (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 13:16, 20 June 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
PubAg
Main content area
Conformation and emulsifying properties of deamidated wheat gluten-maltodextrin/citrus pectin conjugates and their abilities to stabilize β-carotene emulsions
Author:
Wang, Yongquan, Gan, Jing, Li, Yang, Nirasawa, Satoru, Cheng, Yongqiang
Source:
Food hydrocolloids 2019 v.87 pp. 129-141
ISSN:
0268-005X
Subject:
Citrus, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, beta-carotene, bioavailability, electrophoresis, emulsifying properties, emulsions, encapsulation, fluorescence, glycation, hydrocolloids, in vitro digestion, maltodextrins, molecular weight, pH, pectins, protein composition, relative humidity, sodium chloride, wheat, wheat gluten
Abstract:
Maillard conjugation was performed to improve the emulsifying property of deamidated wheat gluten (DWG). The impact on the conformation of DWG and encapsulation of β-carotene was then assessed. DWG was conjugated with maltodextrin (MD) and citrus pectin (CP) via dry-heating at 80 °C and 79% relative humidity. The degree of glycation indicated that the reaction between DWG and MD progressed more rapidly than that between DWG and CP. The electrophoretic protein profile showed that Maillard conjugates possessed larger molecular weight. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy exhibited a new band at 1001 cm−1 for DWG-MD conjugates and at 1631 cm−1 for DWG-CP conjugates, confirming covalent linkage between DWG and the two polysaccharides. Comparison of secondary structure suggested that dry-heating can increase the amount of β-sheet structures and decrease that of α-helix structures, indicating that DWG tended to fold. Fluorescence measurements and atomic force microscope confirmed the folded conformation. Conjugation slowed the folding of DWG. Exposure to different pH and NaCl concentrations indicated that emulsions prepared with DWG-MD conjugates showed better stability than did mixtures under acidic and NaCl conditions. β-Carotene emulsions were then produced from three different DWG-MD conjugates. The emulsions, stabilized by conjugates with MD of larger molecular weight, showed better stability under environmental stress. The in-vitro digestion profile of β-carotene emulsions suggested that β-carotene can be successfully encapsulated within the emulsions stabilized by DWG-MD conjugates with over 59.4% bioaccessibility of β-carotene.
Agid:
6104840 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Finding of Widespread Viral and Bacterial Revolution dsDNA Translocation Motors Distinct from Rotation Motors by Channel Chirality and Size
Gian Marco De-Donatis, Zhengyi Zhao, Shaoying Wang, Lisa P. Huang, Chad Schwartz, Oleg V. Tsodikov, Hui Zhang, Farzin Haque, Peixuan Guo
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapterpeer-review
Abstract
Background: Double-stranded DNA translocation is ubiquitous in living systems. Cell mitosis, bacterial binary fission, DNA replication or repair, homologous recombination, Holliday junction resolution, viral genome packaging, and cell entry all involve biomotor-driven dsDNA translocation. Previously, biomotors have been primarily classified into linear and rotational motors. We recently discovered a third class of dsDNA translocation motors in Phi29 utilizing a revolution mechanism without rotation. Analogically, the Earth rotates around its own axis every 24 hours but revolves around the Sun every 365 days. Results: Single-channel DNA translocation conductance assay combined with structure inspections of motor channels on bacteriophages P22, SPP1, HK97, T7, T4, Phi29, and other dsDNA translocation motors such as bacterial FtsK and eukaryotic mimiviruses or vaccinia viruses showed that revolution motors are widespread. The force generation mechanism for revolution motors is elucidated. Revolution motors can be differentiated from rotation motors by their channel size and chirality. Crystal structure inspection revealed that revolution motors commonly exhibit channel diameters higher than 3 nm, while rotation motors that rotate around one of the two separated DNA strands feature a diameter lower than 2 nm. Phi29 revolution motor translocated double-and tetra-stranded DNA that occupied 32% and 64% of the narrowest channel cross-section, respectively, evidencing that revolution motors exhibit channel diameters significantly wider than the dsDNA. Left-handed oriented channels found in revolution motors drive the right-handed dsDNA via anti-chiral interaction, while right-handed channels observed in rotation motors drive the right-handed dsDNA via parallel threads. Tethering both the motor and the dsDNA distal end of the revolution motor does not block DNA packaging, indicating that no rotation is required for motors of dsDNA phages, while a small-angle left-handed twist of dsDNA that is aligned with the channel could occur due to the conformational change of the phage motor channels from a left-handed configuration for DNA entry to a right-handed configuration for DNA ejection for host cell infection. Conclusions: Revolution motors are widespread among biological systems and can be distinguished from rotation motors by channel size and chirality. The revolution mechanism renders dsDNA void of coiling and torque during translocation of the lengthy helical chromosome, thus resulting in more efficient motor energy conversion.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationBiomotors and their Nanobiotechnology Applications
Pages123-139
Number of pages17
ISBN (Electronic)9780429511943
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2023
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 selection and editorial matter, Peixuan Guo and Aibing Wang; individual chapters, the contributors.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
• General Engineering
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Former U.S. President George H.W. Bush recovering from pneumonia
AUSTIN, Texas (Reuters) - Former U.S. President George H.W. Bush, who has been in a Houston hospital for 10 days with pneumonia, is improving and has been sitting up, talking with physicians and returning phone calls, a spokesman for his office said on Tuesday. Bush, the country’s oldest living ex-president at 92, on Monday was moved out of the intensive-care unit at Houston Methodist Hospital, where has been since Jan. 14 after experiencing shortness of breath. “President Bush had another good night’s rest at Houston Methodist Hospital as he continues to recover from pneumonia,” spokesman Jim McGrath said in a statement. He did not indicate when Bush might leave the hospital. Former first lady Barbara Bush, 91, was discharged from the same hospital on Monday after being treated for bronchitis. She was admitted last Wednesday as a precaution after experiencing fatigue and coughing, he said. She visited her husband on Tuesday, McGrath said. The couple marked their 72nd wedding anniversary on Jan. 6. Reporting by Jon Herskovitz; Editing by Bill Trott | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
C Source Code/Pointers
This page contains examples of pointers. These examples assume the reader has the following knowledge: compiling C programs, variable creation and assignment, arrays, functions, basic I/O and an understanding of computer memory layout. These examples build from simple to more complex.
Creating, initializing and assigning
This example shows simple pointer creation, assignment and dereference.
Pointer as function argument
This example shows how pointers can be used in functions. The code gives the reader some questions to consider and answer on their own.
Advanced Pointers
This section describes how to use pointers to access dynamically allocated memory, point to structures, point to other pointers, point to functions, and point to void.
Pointers with Malloc
This example show how pointers can be used with malloc to point to blocks of memory.
Pointers to structs
Below is example showing how pointers are used with structures. It creates a classic link list which stores numbers in sorted form.
Double pointer
TODO
Void pointer
A pointer of type void (e.g ) represents the address of an object, but not its type, i.e it points to a variable that can be of any type. With, you can cast the type of this pointer to any other type. Or void pointer can be defined in that way:
Pointer Arithmetic
TODO Pointers and Arrays; Pointer Arithmetic [This section corresponds to K&R Sec. 5.3]
Pointers do not have to point to single variables. They can also point at the cells of an array. For example, we can write
int *ip; int a[10]; ip = &a[3];
and we would end up with ip pointing at the fourth cell of the array a (remember, arrays are 0-based, so a[0] is the first cell). We could illustrate the situation like this:
We'd use this ip just like the one in the previous section: *ip gives us what ip points to, which in this case will be the value in a[3].
Once we have a pointer pointing into an array, we can start doing pointer arithmetic. Given that ip is a pointer to a[3], we can add 1 to ip:
ip + 1
What does it mean to add one to a pointer? In C, it gives a pointer to the cell one farther on, which in this case is a[4]. To make this clear, let's assign this new pointer to another pointer variable: ip2 = ip + 1;
Now the picture looks like this:
If we now do *ip2 = 4;
we've set a[4] to 4. But it's not necessary to assign a new pointer value to a pointer variable in order to use it; we could also compute a new pointer value and use it immediately: *(ip + 1) = 5;
In this last example, we've changed a[4] again, setting it to 5. The parentheses are needed because the unary contents of operator * has higher precedence (i.e., binds more tightly than) the addition operator. If we wrote *ip + 1, without the parentheses, we'd be fetching the value pointed to by ip, and adding 1 to that value. The expression *(ip + 1), on the other hand, accesses the value one past the one pointed to by ip.
Given that we can add 1 to a pointer, it's not surprising that we can add and subtract other numbers as well. If ip still points to a[3], then
*(ip + 3) = 7;
sets a[6] to 7, and *(ip - 2) = 4;
sets a[1] to 4.
Up above, we added 1 to ip and assigned the new pointer to ip2, but there's no reason we can't add one to a pointer, and change the same pointer:
ip = ip + 1;
Now ip points one past where it used to (to a[4], if we hadn't changed it in the meantime). The shortcuts we learned in a previous chapter all work for pointers, too: we could also increment a pointer using ip += 1;
or ip++;
Of course, pointers are not limited to ints. It's quite common to use pointers to other types, especially char. Here is the innards of the mystrcmp function we saw in a previous chapter, rewritten to use pointers. (mystrcmp, you may recall, compares two strings, character by character.)
char *p1 = &str1[0], *p2 = &str2[0];
while(1) { if(*p1 != *p2) return *p1 - *p2; if(*p1 == '\0' || *p2 == '\0') return 0; p1++; p2++; }
The autoincrement operator ++ (like its companion, --) makes it easy to do two things at once. We've seen idioms like a[i++] which accesses a[i] and simultaneously increments i, leaving it referencing the next cell of the array a. We can do the same thing with pointers: an expression like *ip++ lets us access what ip points to, while simultaneously incrementing ip so that it points to the next element. The preincrement form works, too: *++ip increments ip, then accesses what it points to. Similarly, we can use notations like *ip-- and *--ip.
As another example, here is the strcpy (string copy) loop from a previous chapter, rewritten to use pointers:
char *dp = &dest[0], *sp = &src[0]; while(*sp != '\0') *dp++ = *sp++; *dp = '\0';
(One question that comes up is whether the expression *p++ increments p or what it points to. The answer is that it increments p. To increment what p points to, you can use (*p)++.)
Advanced Pointers with Arrays
Shows how arrays and pointers can be treated the same. Example: Creating an array structure with pointers. Example: Using pointer arithmetic to index array | WIKI |
Talk:The Solution (song)
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“Solution“ 2nd longest Yes-composition ever ?
To render “Solution“ 2nd longest Yes-composition ever seems like a mistake, at least for me: Just because the tracking time on the CD counts 23’47” doesn’t mean that. The actual song fades at 5’26” followed by 2’ of absolute silence with 16’21” of pre-recorded ambience sounds ending the track. To call these 18+ minutes extra listening time a composition feels random to me, also because that part is “hidden”.
— Flummiy (talk) Flummiy (talk) 09:54, 7 December 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Intel's stock spikes into the green after WSJ report it's near a $10 billion deal to sell its memory-chip unit
Shares of Intel Corp. swung higher in afternoon trading Monday, after The Wall Street Journal reported that the semiconductor maker was near a deal to sell its memory-chip unit for roughly $10 billion to South Korea's SK Hynix Inc. The stock surged 2.4%, enough to pace the Dow Jones Industrial Average's gainers, after trading down 0.3% just prior to the WSJ report being released. The WSJ report, citing people familiar with the matter, said the companies are in talks on a deal that could be announced as soon as Monday. Specifics of a potential deal, including what exactly SK Hynix would be buying, couldn't be learned. Intel's stock has lost 7.4% year to date, while the PHLX Semiconductor Index has soared 30.4% and the Dow has eased 0.4%. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
JOURNAL ARTICLE
REVIEW
Techniques for liver parenchymal transection in liver resection
Kurinchi Selvan Gurusamy, Viniyendra Pamecha, Dinesh Sharma, Brian R Davidson
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009 January 21, (1): CD006880
19160307
BACKGROUND: Blood loss during elective liver resection is one of the main factors affecting the surgical outcome. Different parenchymal transection techniques have been suggested to decrease blood loss.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and risks of the different techniques of parenchymal transection during liver resections.
SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index Expanded (March 2008).
SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered for inclusion all randomised clinical trials comparing different methods of parenchymal dissection irrespective of the method of vascular occlusion or any other measures used for lowering blood loss.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors identified the trials and extracted the data on the population characteristics, bias risk, mortality, morbidity, blood loss, transection speed, and hospital stay independently of each other. We calculated the odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD), or standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals based on 'interntion-to-treat analysis' or 'available case analysis' using RevMan 5.
MAIN RESULTS: We included seven trials randomising 556 patients. The comparisons include CUSA (cavitron ultrasound surgical aspirator) versus clamp-crush (two trials); radiofrequency dissecting sealer (RFDS) versus clamp-crush (two trials); sharp dissection versus clamp-crush technique (one trial); and hydrojet versus CUSA (one trial). One trial compared CUSA, RFDS, hydrojet, and clamp-crush technique. The infective complications and transection blood loss were greater in the RFDS than clamp-crush. There was no difference in the blood transfusion requirements, intensive therapy unit (ITU) stay, or hospital stay in this comparison. There was no significant differences in the mortality, morbidity, markers of liver parenchymal injury or liver dysfunction, ITU, or hospital stay in the other comparisons. The blood transfusion requirements were lower in the clamp-crush technique than CUSA and hydrojet. There was no difference in the transfusion requirements of clamp-crush technique and sharp dissection. Clamp-crush technique is quicker than CUSA, hydrojet, and RFDS. The transection speed of sharp dissection and clamp-crush technique was not compared. There was no clinically or statistically significant difference in the operating time between sharp dissection and clamp-crush techniques. Clamp-crush technique is two to six times cheaper than the other methods depending upon the number of surgeries performed each year.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Clamp-crush technique is advocated as the method of choice in liver parenchymal transection because it avoids special equipment, whereas the newer methods do not seem to offer any benefit in decreasing the morbidity or transfusion requirement.
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Streaming comparison: Netflix vs Disney Plus vs Hulu vs Prime Video
Netflix is the streaming champion, but the competition is growing stronger.Disney Plus and Apple TV Plus launched in November to drastically different receptions.Ahead of the launch of HBO Max and Peacock this year, we broke down the biggest assets for six current major streaming services.Visit Business Insider&aposs homepage for more stories.People are inundated with more TV options than ever before and there are still more to come. WarnerMedia&aposs HBO Max and NBCUniversal&aposs Peacock will launch in the coming months, adding to the pile of streaming services audiences are already choosing from. HBO Max will debut at $15 per month in May. Peacock will launch in April for Comcast customers and fully launch in July, and will offer multiple pricing tiers.The two services have already snatched valuable assets like "Friends" and "The Office" from Netflix for hundreds of millions of dollars, while Netflix beefs up its slate or original content. One such Netflix show is the mega-popular "The Witcher," which the company said is on track to be its biggest premiere ever.Amazon Prime Video is navigating its way through the streaming space by doubling down on genre projects like "The Boys," "The Expanse," and "Lord of the Rings." Hulu is benefiting from being under the Disney umbrella with exclusive FX and Marvel projects.The newcomers Disney Plus and Apple TV Plus, which both launched in November, got off to drastically different starts. The former raked in 10 million sign-ups a day after launching and boasts major assets like "Star Wars" and Marvel. The latter got off to a rocky start with just a handful of shows that received subpar reviews. But it recently struck a deal with former HBO CEO Richard Plepler, who will develop original content for the service.Each of these services offer something different and it&aposs up to audiences to decide what they want to pay for. We sorted through the major assets of Netflix, Hulu, Prime Video, HBO, Disney Plus, and Apple TV Plus below.
Netflix
Netflix has a winner on its hands with the fantasy series, "The Witcher," based on the novel series by Polish author Andrzej Sapkowski. Netflix said season one, which debuted last month, was its most watched TV premiere ever with 76 million households watching in the first four weeks. Netflix is already developing a "Witcher" anime movie ahead of season two.Granted, Netflix changed its viewership metrics. Now, it counts a view if an account watches two minutes of a show or movie. But there's no denying that "The Witcher" is a monster of a hit. It's the most in-demand TV series in the world, according to data from Parrot Analytics.The success of "The Witcher" suggests Netflix's release strategy, in which it drops entire seasons of a show at once, is still sustainable against increased competition, especially since Netflix is a "more revered brand and known quantity in the streaming space," according to Courtney Williams, the Parrot Analytics head of partnerships."Stranger Things" is another major TV asset for Netflix. The streaming giant said that the series, which debuted its third season in 2019, was its most popular TV show of the year. It enjoyed a 21-week streak at the top of Parrot Analytics' demand rankings in the US, before it was surpassed by Disney Plus' "The Mandalorian."Netflix's other major assets:It bought the streaming rights to "Seinfeld" in September for a six-year deal that begins next year. The Los Angeles Times reported that the deal is worth more than $500 million. As hit sitcoms like "Friends" and "The Office" leave Netflix for upcoming competitors HBO Max and Peacock, respectively, "Seinfeld" will be a valuable property.Netflix's comedy lineup is essential. It renewed a four-movie deal worth millions with Adam Sandler in 2017. Netflix said his latest movie, "Murder Mystery," was its most popular movie of 2019. Netflix struck a multiyear deal last year with former President Barack Obama and former First Lady Michelle Obama and their production company Higher Ground. The first project out of the deal, the documentary "American Factory," is nominated for best documentary feature at this year's Oscars.It has cemented exclusive mega deals with superstar producers like Ryan Murphy, Shonda Rhimes, and the "Game of Thrones" showrunners David Benioff and D.B. Weiss worth hundreds of millions of dollars.
Hulu
The effects of Disney's control over Hulu are starting to appear.In its acquisition of Fox's movie studio and many of its TV assets last year, Disney acquired the cable network FX. Hulu and FX will collide in an initiative called "FX on Hulu," in which Hulu will become the exclusive streaming home for FX's library, which includes "American Horror Story" and "Atlanta." FX will also develop TV shows that will be exclusive to the service, including the sci-fi series "Devs" from "Ex Machina" director Alex Garland.Four adult animated Marvel shows are also in the works for Hulu, including "Tigra and Dazzler," "M.O.D.O.K.," "Hit-Monkey," and "Howard the Duck," which will all culminate in a crossover series called "The Offenders."A live-action Marvel series called "Helstrom" is also in the works, though its future was in doubt after Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige was promoted to Marvel's chief creative officer, in which he'll oversee the creative direction of Marvel's movies, shows, and comics. "Helstrom" is the only live-action Marvel series left standing that isn't a Marvel Cinematic Universe tie-in on Disney Plus.Hulu renewed its Emmy-winning original series "The Handmaid's Tale" for a fourth season and it's developing a sequel series based on author Margaret Atwood's follow-up novel, "The Testaments."
Amazon Prime Video
Amazon has been beefing up its development of genre TV shows for Prime Video.Amazon said "The Boys" — a mature series based on the comic of the same name about a group of government operatives who keep abusive superheroes in check — was one of its most-watched shows ever and season two will be released this year.It renewed the sci-fi series "The Expanse" for a fourth season after Syfy canceled it in 2018. Season four dropped in December and was one of the most in-demand shows in the US at the time, according to Parrot Analytics."We kept saying for the first three years 'this is the best show that no one has seen,'" Shohreh Aghdashloo, who plays Chrisjen Avasarala on the show, told Business Insider last year. "Now we're going global. We're being seen. It can't get any better. The show has finally found its place. Amazon is the place for a show like this."But its biggest asset is still to come. Amazon spent $250 million for the rights to "Lord of the Rings" in order to develop a TV series based on the property, according to The Hollywood Reporter.Amazon has also taken on Netflix by inking big overall TV deals with the likes of "Westworld" creators Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy; "Fleabag" creator Phoebe Waller-Bridge; "One Day at a Time" creator Gloria Calderón Kellett; and "Master of None" writer and "The Chi" creator Lena Waithe.
HBO Now
"Game of Thrones" is over, but HBO still has an impressive slate, which can be streamed through its standalone service HBO Now (and on WarnerMedia's upcoming Netflix competitor, HBO Max, when that launches in the spring). The premium cable network released shows last year after "Game of Thrones" ended that were critically acclaimed and hits with viewers, such as "Chernobyl," "Euphoria," "Succession," and "Watchmen."But that doesn't mean HBO is giving up on its "Game of Thrones" franchise. It's developing a prequel series called "House of the Dragon" that will center on House Targaryen and take place hundreds of year before "Game of Thrones."HBO has struck overall deals with "Nathan For You" creator Nathan Fielder, filmmaker Steven Soderbergh, and "Succession" creator Jesse Armstrong.HBO will be a huge component to HBO Max, which will include other properties across WarnerMedia's library such as Warner Bros. and DC, and is set to be $15 per month, the same price as HBO Now. But as HBO — which has always favored quality over quantity— enters a new era of streaming, WarnerMedia has expressed its plans to ramp up production of HBO programs to better compete."It's not hours a week, and it's not hours a month," WarnerMedia CEO John Stankey said during a town hall in 2018. "We need hours a day. You are competing with devices that sit in people's hands that capture their attention every 15 minutes. I want more hours of engagement."
Disney Plus
Disney Plus' "The Mandalorian" was a hit with audiences and Baby Yoda took the internet by storm, suggesting Disney has landed on a recipe for success for its "Star Wars" franchise on the small screen. It's developing other live-action shows such an Obi-Wan Kenobi series starring Ewan McGregor and a "Rogue One" prequel starring Diego Luna. The final season of the animated series "Star Wars: The Clone Wars" arrives next month.Marvel Cinematic Universe shows, which will be tied directly to the theatrical movies, are also on the way. "The Falcon and the Winter Soldier," starring Anthony Mackie and Sebastian Stan, and "WandaVision," starring Elizabeth Olsen and Paul Bettany, debut later this year.The service also includes:Disney's classic animated movies, released from the "Disney vault."Pixar movies and original shorts.National Geographic programming, which Disney acquired in its merger with Fox.And all 30 seasons of "The Simpsons," exclusively.
Apple TV Plus
Apple's streaming platform had a rough start. Its flagship series, "The Morning Show," was initially torn apart by critics. It only offered a handful of original shows at launch, which received lukewarm reviews, putting it at a major disadvantage against competitors like Netflix and Disney Plus, even for only $5 a month.Apple won over former HBO CEO Richard Plepler, though, who will develop original content for Apple TV Plus through his RLP & Co.While he's not in a leadership role with Apple, Plepler is still a major asset as Apple looks to improve its original programming. "Veep" star Julia Louis-Dreyfus recently signed a multi-year overall deal with Apple. "Roma" director Alfonso Cuarón has also signed an overall deal with the company to develop exclusive TV projects.
Netflix is still the streaming champion, but competition has impacted its share of global subscriptions.
Research company Ampere Analysis is anticipating Netflix's market share of global OTT subscriptions to drop to 18% this year from 19% last year. Its share has been steadily decreasing every year, even as it has gained millions upon millions of new subscribers.
window._taboola = window._taboola || [];
window._taboola = window._taboola || []; | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
README.md
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# IBM® Decision Optimization Modeling for Python (DOcplex)
Welcome to the IBM® Decision Optimization Modeling for Python.
Licensed under the Apache License v2.0.
With this library, you can quickly and easily add the power of optimization to
your application. You need IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio to solve the models.
This library is composed of 2 modules:
* IBM® Decision Optimization CPLEX Optimizer Modeling for Python - with namespace docplex.mp
* IBM® Decision Optimization CP Optimizer Modeling for Python - with namespace docplex.cp
Solving with CPLEX locally requires that IBM® ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio V12.8 or later
is installed on your machine.
This library is numpy friendly.
## Install the library
```
pip install docplex
```
## Get the documentation and examples
* [Latest documentation](http://ibmdecisionoptimization.github.io/docplex-doc/)
* Documentation archives:
* [2.23.217](http://ibmdecisionoptimization.github.io/docplex-doc/2.23.217)
* [2.22.213](http://ibmdecisionoptimization.github.io/docplex-doc/2.22.213)
* [2.21.207](http://ibmdecisionoptimization.github.io/docplex-doc/2.21.207)
* [2.20.204](http://ibmdecisionoptimization.github.io/docplex-doc/2.20.204)
* [2.19.202](http://ibmdecisionoptimization.github.io/docplex-doc/2.19.202)
* [2.18.200](http://ibmdecisionoptimization.github.io/docplex-doc/2.18.200)
* [2.16.195](http://ibmdecisionoptimization.github.io/docplex-doc/2.16.195)
* [Examples](https://github.com/IBMDecisionOptimization/docplex-examples)
## Get your IBM® ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio edition
- You can get a free [Community Edition](https://www.ibm.com/account/reg/us-en/signup?formid=urx-20028)
of CPLEX Optimization Studio, with limited solving capabilities in term of problem size.
- Faculty members, research professionals at accredited institutions can get access to an unlimited version of CPLEX through the
[IBM® Academic Initiative](http://ibm.biz/cplex-free-for-students).
## Dependencies
These third-party dependencies are automatically installed with ``pip``
- [enum34](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/enum34)
- [futures](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/futures)
- [requests](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/requests)
- [six](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/six)
- [certifi](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/certifi)
- [chardet](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/chardet)
- [idna](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/idna)
- [urllib3](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/urllib3)
## License
This library is delivered under the Apache License Version 2.0, January 2004 (see LICENSE.txt). | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Mrs Caudle's curtain lectures.djvu/244
"Mrs. Caudle's Curtain Lectures.' 8vo. With Charles Keene's and other illustrations, London: Bradbury, Agnew & Co., 1888.
"Mrs. Caudle's Curtain Lectures." The "Caxton Novels" series. London: George Routledge & Sons, 1894.
"Mrs. Caudle's Curtain Lectures." Handy volume edition. 16mo. London: Bradbury, Agnew & Co. N. D.
"Mrs. Caudle's Curtain Lectures." With Charles Keene's illustrations. Popular sixpenny edition. London: Bradbury, Agnew & Co. N. D.
As No. 25 of "The Penny Library of Famous Books," London: Newnes. N. D.
As a penny booklet sold on the kerbstones advertising an article of trade. N. D.
As a large 4 pp. supplement to the Newcastle Evening Chronicle, Dec. 30, 1887.
"English as it is Spoken: Douglas Jerrold's Mrs. Caudle's Curtain Lectures." Esercizi di Conversazione per gli Studenti delta lingua Inglese di G, M. Sersanti. Without the Preface. Bologna, 1885.
In the 8-vol. edition of "The Writings of Douglas Jerrold." 8vo. 1851-54.
In the 4-vol. edition of "The Works of Douglas Jerrold." 8vo. 1863-64. | WIKI |
PROCEDURE
The nose being the most visible organ contributes enormously to facial aesthetics. Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity is a complex deformity that involves skin, cartilage, mucosa as well as skeletal platform. This condition tends to aggravate with the growth of the child if not dealt with surgically. Though a cleft nose grows as the patient ages, it still remains 30% smaller than those without a cleft lip deformity. Such distorted anatomy could impair nasal airflow and alsohave social & psychological implications and hence it is always better to get this surgically corrected at a young age.
Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity is a common birth defect with varying degrees of nasal deformity grading from mild to severe inadequate function, shape and appearance of the nose. A variety of time-honoured techniques of Rhinoplasty have been applied in the correction of Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity to achieve symmetry, aesthetic balance, and functional correction of the nose. Patients with cleft lip nasal deformity pose a great challenge in Rhinoplasty as the biggest issue is to achieve caudal nose harmony and creation of symmetrical nostrils with normal nasal function.
Surgery is most often the best option to correct Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity due to factors like difficult nasal breathing and altered nasal function coupled with the tendency for chronic rhinosinusitis and the aesthetic look of the nose, both of which may affect the patient’s quality of life negatively and can cause heavy psycho-social burden for them.Most correction techniques of Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity involve a dissection of the skin overlying the lower lateral cartilages through both medial and lateral tunnels within the cleft lip incisions. Some surgeons perform limited nasal dissection for the fear of growth retardation, whereas others opt for full cartilage correction at the time of primary surgery itself.
There are various materials that can be used to augment nasal dorsum during the correction of Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity. Augmentation of dorsum of the nose can be achieved using alloplastic materials, bone, or cartilage. Although various types of alloplastic materials have been used for dorsal augmentation, they are hampered with long-term complications that make them unattractive for long-term cleft lip nasal deformity correction. Bone graft is also another viable option for correction of the deformity.
Surgical correction of Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity should ideally be performed before the first year of age, usually between 3 and 6 months-of-age, prior to speech development. Some surgeons though prefer the cartilages to grow and mature before going in for surgery. With peer pressure becoming an important consideration during the teens, the current trend is towards early correction. The aim of the operation is to reunite all tissue layers of the lip, to reposition the nasal septum and to separate the oral and nasal cavities; and restore the valve function of the soft palate. Early correction of the nasal deformity would assure a more normal relationship of the columella-lip angle, better projection and definition of the tip, and also allow subsequent growth in a more normal anatomic relationship.
For enquiries related to Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity, send a message to www.PinkAppleAesthetics.com/contact
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Rohit Malish Rohit Malish - 1 month ago 5x
Android Question
Checking if string is web address or ip on android
I need to validate if string entered in TextEdit is a web address eg. "www.stackoverflow.com" or an ip address eg. "64.34.119.12". I have tried this two methods without success. I have private class variable named ip.
Method 1:
public boolean isAdress(){
boolean isaddr = true;
try
{
ip = new NetTask().execute(""+textEdit1.getText()).get();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
isaddr = false;
}
return isaddr;
}
Method 2 is the one were I check string before sending it to NetTask.
public boolean isAdress(){
String adress = textEdit1.getText().toString();
boolean isaddr = true;
if (adress.length() > 0) {
String[] nums = adress.split(".");
if (nums.length == 4) {
for (String str : nums) {
int i = Integer.parseInt(str);
if ((i < 0) || (i > 255)) {
isaddr = false;
}
}
}
}
return isaddr;
}
this second method also doesn't wotk, but even if it did, it wouldn't be able to validate web adress.
So it there any way I can validate string for both of this cases?
EDIT:
After reading about regex I tried this method also:
private String regex = "\\b(https?|ftp|file)://[-a-zA-Z0-9+&@#/%?=~_|!:,.;]*[-a-zA-Z0-9+&@#/%=~_|]";
public boolean isAdress(){
String adress = textEdit1.getText().toString();
try {
Pattern patt = Pattern.compile(regex, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
Matcher matcher = patt.matcher(adress);
return matcher.matches();
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
return false;
}
}
but it seems to return false all the time.
Answer
Short answer: Try using regex!
EDIT:
if(textEdit1.getText().matches(REGEX_URL)) {
//DO URL THINGS
}
if(textEdit1.getText().matches(REGEX_IPADDRES)) {
//DO IP THINGS
}
If you google you can find the correct REGEX strings for IP addresses and urls...
NOTE: A regex for urls can be different for what you want, do you only want http:// https:// or all valid urls (like market://)...
Comments | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Duncan Mackellar
Captain Duncan Mackellar (born c. 1789 in Kilmodan, Scotland), was a sea captain who later became a colonial settler in New South Wales, Australia. After a notable maritime career, including a daring escape from French capture in 1812, he visited Sydney in 1822 and decided to settle there. By 1829, he and his nephew, Duncan Mackellar, Junior, acquired substantial land near Braidwood.
Mackellar developed a significant estate and was appointed a magistrate in 1833. Facing the end of convict transportation, he advocated for the importation of indentured labour. In 1836, he sold his land and returned to Scotland, where he published a guide on emigrating to Australia. Despite his brief stay, he is remembered as an early settler in the Braidwood district, commemorated by Mackellar Street and Duncan Street.
Early life and maritime career
Mackellar was born around 1789 in the parish of Kilmodan, Scotland. Known as Duncan Mackellar of Glendaruel, he was recognized as the head of the Mackellar clan. He became a sea captain and in 1812, his ship was captured by the French and taken to Brest. Demonstrating his leadership and bravery, Mackellar and his crew overpowered the prize crew and escaped back to England. In 1814, Mackellar married Margaret Dick (b. 1794). The couple had five children.
Ventures in Australia
In 1822, Mackellar visited Sydney while commanding Clydesdale, a ship sailing under the license of the East India Company. It is possible that during this visit he decided to settle in the colony, potentially receiving a land grant. By 1825, Mackellar was the captain of City of Edinburgh, a ship owned by The Australian Company of Edinburgh and Leith. This ship operated between Britain and New South Wales. Among the passengers were Mackellar’s nephew, Duncan Mackellar, Junior, and his family.
Mackellar resigned from his seafaring career and decided to stay in New South Wales as a settler during the administration of Governor Darling in 1828. Darling favoured military men for both administrative roles and land grants. Mackellar supported Darling, aligning himself with the "Exclusives," a faction opposed to the "Emancipists" and "Emigrants" who accused Darling's administration of nepotism and cronyism.
Land acquisition and development
In 1829, Mackellar and his nephew acquired a combined total of 3250 acres near present-day Braidwood. By 1830, Mackellar had established a substantial estate with a stone house, a wood slab house, several huts, 12 assigned convicts, and two free servants. The property, known as "Strathalan," was stocked with sheep, cattle, and horses, and had 120 acres cleared.
Mackellar had the right to graze on an additional 6000 acres of adjacent land for a rental payment. He later purchased 4000 acres, likely some of the land he had been renting. By 1835, he was applying to buy more land near his nephew’s grant, west of the Shoalhaven River, at Bombay.
In 1833, Mackellar was appointed a magistrate, recognizing his prominence in the district.
Later years and legacy
By 1837, facing the potential end of convict transportation, the large landholders, including Mackellar, advocated for the immigration of "coolies" from India or China to replace convict labour. Mackellar gave evidence to a committee of the Legislative Council in June 1837, supporting this idea. However, this plantation-style economy was opposed by other colonists seeking self-government.
Mackellar sold his landholding in 1836, likely at a significant profit, to John Coghill. He returned to Scotland in 1837 and published An Emigrant's Guide to Australia in 1839, detailing his farming experiences in New South Wales. He claimed that his £3500 investment in sheep had grown to £24,000 in eight years.
The exact date of Mackellar's death is unclear. His nephew, Duncan Mackellar, Junior, died in 1838, with his landholding held in trust for his three sons. Although Mackellar did not remain long in New South Wales, he is remembered as one of the first colonial settlers of the Braidwood district. Mackellar Street and Duncan Street in Braidwood are named in honour of both him and his nephew. | WIKI |
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Friday, August 10, 2007
Pure Virtual Functions
From the previous article Properties of Virtual Functions, we know that a virtual function may or may not be overridden in the derived lasses. It means, it is not necessary for a derived class to override a virtual function.
But there are times when a base class is not able to define anything meaningful for the virtual function in that case every derived class must provide its own definition of the that function. To force this type of overriding you use the following general form to declare a virtual function:
virtual ret-type func-name(arg-list)=0;
This type of virtual function is known as Pure Virtual Function.
There are two major differences between a virtual and a pure virtual function, these are below:
• There CAN’T be a definition of the pure virtual function in the base class.
• There MUST be a definition of the pure virtual function in the derived class.
By making a virtual function ‘Pure’, it becomes necessary for the derived classes to override it, further since the base class can’t define a pure virtual function, we can’t have objects of that class. These types of incomplete classes (having one or more pure virtual function) are known as Abstract Classes and are used extensively.
The following program illustrates this:
// Pure Virtual Functions
#include <iostream.h>
// base class
class base
{
public:
// pure virtaul function
// declaration
virtual void func() = 0;
// can't define
};
// derived class
class derived : public base
{
public:
// must define
void func()
{
cout<<"Derived1's func()\n";
}
};
// main
void main()
{
// --CODE: base b
// won't work because we
// can't have objects of
// absract classes
derived d1;
d1.func();
}
Related Articles:
2 comments:
1. Anonymous12:31 PM
Actually, you can provide a definition for a pure virtual function in a base class. However, the difference between a pure virtual function and a simple virtual function is that you will always have to provide a definition for the pure virtual function in the derived class, even if the base class provides a definition, but you don't have to provide a definition for a simple virtual function if the base class provides a definition. Also, note that in order to invoke the definition of the pure virtual function of the base class (from an object of derived class, of course), you will have to qualify the call with the base class name.
Apart from this, one should always provide an implementation of a simple virtual function in a derived class if that function is declared in the base class interface, even if no client code calls that function on the derived class (and even if a default implementation is provided in the base class). For a non-virtual function, you can get away without providing any implementation, if no client code calls it.
Here's a code snippet ...
class B
{
public:
virtual void do_something() = 0;
virtual void crack_a_joke();
};
class D : public B
{
public:
virtual void do_something();
void crack_a_joke();
void no_definition();
};
void B::do_something()
{
std::cout << "In *base* (B) class.\n";
}
void B::crack_a_joke()
{
std::cout << "Cracking a joke in *base* class.\n";
}
void D::do_something()
{
std::cout << "In *derived* (D) class.\n";
}
void D::crack_a_joke()
{
std::cout << "Cracking a joke in *derived* class.\n";
}
int main()
{
D derived;
derived.B::do_something();
derived.crack_a_joke();
derived.do_something();
derived.B::crack_a_joke();
return 0;
}
It is important to realize that the ability to provide a definition for a pure virtual function in a base class is not very useful and deviates from the purpose of being a pure virtual in the first place, other than in a very contrived situation. "The purpose of declaring a pure virtual function is to have derived classes inherit a function interface only", whereas, "The purpose of declaring a simple virtual function is to have derived classes inherit a function interface as well as a default implementation."
ReplyDelete
2. Anonymous4:26 PM
Hi Anonymous, that was indeed a very good explanation. thanks
ReplyDelete
You are free to comment anything, although you can comment as 'Anonymous' it is strongly recommended that you supply your name. Thank You.
Please don't use abusive language. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Napoléon (miniseries)
Sections
I removed the sections Politics and Diplomacy, Personal Life, and Goofs because there was no information within them, and therefore no need for them. Oscabat 03:27, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
* speaking of goofs, in the german version, at the end, the narrator tells us about Napoleon III, that he was for 2 years the president of the french republic until 1852 and emperor afterwards, also that he died 1871.
* obviously somebody wasn't doing his/her homework as Napoleon III was crowned emperor on dec. 2 1851 and died 1873, not 1871. and of course, not a single mention that he lost his "empire" at Sedan, just as the movie completly jumps over the battle of the nations from 1813, not to speak about trafalgar. Dead-cat (talk) 23:34, 11 December 2007 (UTC)
Attention
I removed the attention header, because there was nothing on the discussion page. I inferred that it referred to the fact that there were three empty sections, which I took care of. Oscabat 03:27, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
Fair use rationale for Image:Napoleoncover11.jpg
Image:Napoleoncover11.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.
BetacommandBot (talk) 14:30, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
Fair use rationale for Image:Napoleonmovie3.jpg
Image:Napoleonmovie3.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.
BetacommandBot (talk) 14:30, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
Emmy nominations
Different sources (Imdb and Variety) contradict each other in terms of how many emmy nominations Napoleon earned. Imdb says six (with one win) while Variey says nine. I also happened to see another site which said six. Can anyone shed any light on this?--RainbowWerewolf (talk) 18:11, 20 March 2008 (UTC)
Miss Betsy
Is not ”Miss Betsy” intended to be Elizabeth "Betsy" Balcombe? She was a British girl who got to know Napoléon on Saint Helena.
2008-12-29 Lena Synnerholm, Märsta, Sweden.
Perhaps, I think no one heard Sir Lowe say at the opening scene, "You have no business here, Miss Balcombe." —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:57, 15 August 2010 (UTC)
Historical Inaccuracies
These are so petty. Why not just call it accurate and be done with it? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:03, 27 August 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Malaysia International Islamic Financial Centre
The Malaysia International Islamic Financial Centre (MIFC) is an initiative of Malaysia’s financial market regulators and relevant government agencies dedicated to developing Malaysia’s Islamic finance market by engaging with industry and government. The initiative was launched in 2006 and is based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The MIFC is supported by Bank Negara Malaysia, Securities Commission Malaysia, Labuan Financial Services Authority, and Bursa Malaysia. The MIFC’s private sector partners include Islamic banks, conventional banks with Islamic banking windows, investment banks, brokers, lawyers, Shariah advisory firms, Shariah scholars, accounting and tax advisers, ratings agencies and takaful providers. | WIKI |
Gertrude Martin
Gertrude Martin (1911 – February 1952) became one of an elite group of women master mosaicists.
Family
Born to George Martin, a retired insurance brokers clerk, and his wife, Harriett. She was baptized at St Peter's Church, Dulwich, on 18 January 1882 and spent her childhood at various addresses in Croydon.
Career
Along with her sisters Margaret and Dora, Gertrude was apprenticed to George Bridge, an artist and worker in mosaics, who had a business premise in Mitcham Park and a studio in Oxford Street. In 1902 George and his 26 women mosaicists began an extended period of work in Westminster Cathedral. Gertrude studied mosaics in Ravenna, Milan and Venice, and along with her sister Margaret was employed on some prestigious commissions. In the 1920s the sisters worked on two arched panels in the Central Lobby in the Houses of Parliament. Designed by Robert Anning Bell the mosaic depicting St Andrew was completed in 1923 and St Patrick in 1924. Between 1928 and 1932 Gertrude and Margaret worked at St Anne's Cathedral, Belfast, designing and producing mosaics in the Baptistry, the Chapel of Holy Spirit, the tympanum above the West Doors and the mural of St Patrick above the entrance to the Chapel of the Holy Spirit.
Death
Gertrude died at her home in St James's Crescent. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 40 Part 2.djvu/212
sixTY.r1F*rH CONGRESS. sooo. III. cH. 129. 1919. 1557 The name of William H. Goolman, late of Company C, N inety-first H- G°°*· Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and pay lnm_ a_pension at the rate of $50 per month in lieu of that he IS now receiving. Pm The name of Sarah E. Jackman, widow of Robert C. Jackman, s,,,,.h°Ej18ckm,,,_ late of Com any G, Eighty-second Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and) pa her a pension at the rate of $25 per month. P _ _ . The name of B. Talbott, late of Company L,_Eleventh o$,'{;’L?}';§'T°·}§‘}{,°;‘{g_ Regiment Missouri Volunteer Cavalry and pay him a pension at the rate of $50 per month in lieu of that lie is now receivmgi _ The name of John S. Brannan, late of Companpdgg enth_Reg1- ’°'“‘ S·B"'“‘°“· ment West Virginia Volunteer Infantry, and pay a pension at the rate of $50 per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. The name of Aaron Lewis, late of Company K, Thirty-ninth Regi- ·*”°¤ L*""$- ment Iowa Volunteer Infantry and pay him a pension at the rate of $50 er month in lieu of that he is now receiving. I hn E H ul Tile name of John E. Hutzler, late of Company I, First Regiment ° ° ”‘ Maryland Volunteer Cavalry, and pay him a pension at the rate of $50 per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. _ _ T e name of William C. Clendening, late of Company C, Third ,,gvY’l1““ °‘ °1°“°°“` Regiment West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry, and pay him a pension at the rate of $40 per month in lieu of that he is now receivin. The name of Isaac E. Pearce, late of Company K, Seventh R '- I°“°E‘ P°“'°°“ ment Kentucky Volunteer Cavalg, and pay him a pension at lite rate of $50 per month in lieu of at he is now receiving. _ The name of Amanda Hammond, widow of Wyatt A. Hammond, late of Company B, Tenth Regiment New York Volunteer Heavy Artillery, and {pay her a ension at the rate of $25 per month. _ The name o Richard IE. Chaney, late of Company D, Eighty-ninth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry and pay him .a pension at the rate of $50 per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. The name of Beverly W. Lemert, late of Company A, Sevent —sixth B°'°*‘Y W- “m°"*· Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a pension at the rate of $50 per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. The name of Catherine Varner, he¥lws and dependent child of §§{‘,§*e$,’};° vnu Newton J. Varner, late of Company K, ighteenth Regiment Missouri ` Voluplteer Infantry, and pay her a pension at the rate of $12 per mont . The name of Mary A. Sn der, widow of Christian H. Sn der, late of P°""°"°",§°'°”°°· Company E, One hundredy and ninety-fifth Regiment Pgnnsylvania Marks yam Volunteer Infantry, and pay her a pension at the rate of $37 per month in lieu of that she is now receivin : Provided, That in the event of the d9&il1_0f William M. Snyder, hgl less and dependent child of said aooei¤“•ii°$°ni1`i1.°°°°° °n Christian H. Snyder, the additional) ension herein granted shall cease and determine: Provided further, That in the event of the death of d.1:g‘§’§?'§,§§h§,lfm °° Mary A. Snyder, the name of said William M. Snyder shall be placed on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pension laws, at the rate of $12 per month from and after the date of death of said Marg A. Snyder. cmd H Gun The name of C arles H. Giles, late of Company F, Twenty-sixth °° ' Regiment Massachusetts Volimteer Infantry, and pay him a pension at the rate of $40_per month in lieu of that he is now receivin. The name of Ehzabeth Bluck, widow of Edwin Bluck, late 0T Com- §f,'§,?,, m,,,k_ {Spy A, One hundred and ninety-fourth R ent Ohio Volunteer antry, and pg her a pension at the rate ol $25 per month. The name o_ enpy N eutzenhoelzer, late of Company A, Sixteenth §Z°?y°°1i°o°l'¢°:ol.$l’oa- Regiment Indiana olunteer Infantry, and Company L, Thirteenth “'· Regiment Indiana Volunteer Cavalry, and pay him a pension at the rate of $40 per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. P The name of Lucy W. Lockwood, widow of George M. Lockwood, 1.iiZi°iif. Lockwood. late of Company F, Thirty-third Regiment New York Volunteer Infantry, and pay her a pension at the rate of $25 per month. | WIKI |
Talk:honourary
Spelling of Honorary in Canada
Here's how the Canadian Government spells it; spelling example. BeckenhamBear (talk) 14:58, 3 February 2018 (UTC)
* That's a dead link, but this one is currently live, and says "Honorary is the correct spelling everywhere; even Canadians are advised to omit the u in honorary and honorarium" -- John of Reading (talk) 19:25, 4 September 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
Kiala
Kiala is a village in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 34°2'0N 73°15'0E with an altitude of 1267 metres (4160 feet). | WIKI |
Kamala Harris endorses Joe Biden
Sen. Kamala Harris (D-CA) endorsed former Vice President Joe Biden on Sunday, joining a growing group of prominent politicians who have backed Biden ahead of key races on March 10 and 17. “I believe in Joe. I really believe in him and I have known him for a long time,” Harris said. “One of the things that we need right now, is we need a leader who really does care about the people and who can therefore unify the people. And I believe Joe can do that.” .@JoeBiden has served our country with dignity and we need him now more than ever. I will do everything in my power to help elect him the next President of the United States. pic.twitter.com/DbB2fGWpaa Biden thanked Harris in a tweet, even bringing up his late son, who Biden said worked closely with the senator when she was attorney general in California and while he held the same position in Delaware. “Kamala — You’ve spent your whole career fighting for folks who’ve been written off and left behind — and no small part of that alongside Beau. From our family: thank you,” Biden wrote. The endorsement was made just five days after Biden celebrated a sweeping win on Super Tuesday, taking the lead in the delegate count. And it is a timely one, as Biden hopes to build upon that lead in the next major day of contests Tuesday, when Democrats in Idaho, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, North Dakota, Washington, and abroad will get to select their choice for the party’s nominee. While the day does not have as many delegates on offer as Super Tuesday’s 1,344, a significant number — 365 — will be awarded; enough for Biden to pick up a commanding delegate lead, or for Sen. Bernie Sanders to bridge the 79-delegate gap that currently separates the two frontrunners. Despite being one of the top five candidates in the polls early in the 2020 Democratic primary, Harris dropped out of the race in December amid declining poll numbers and difficulties with fundraising. Before her exit, however, she had a viral moment. At the first Democratic presidential debate, Harris had a tense exchange with Biden on the issue of school busing, pointing out that a bill he sponsored in 1975, which would have restricted the use of federal funds for busing meant to desegregate schools, could have kept her from attending her elementary school. “You also worked with [segregationist senators] to oppose busing,” Harris said on the debate stage. “And there was a little girl in California who was part of the second class to integrate her public schools and she was bused to school every day. And that little girl was me.” That history makes Harris’s endorsement even more notable, and adds credence to the narrative that it is Biden who can best unify the Democratic Party in its effort to defeat President Donald Trump. With her endorsement, Harris joins a growing group of former 2020 candidates who have endorsed Biden, a list that includes Sen. Amy Klobuchar, former South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Pete Buttigieg, former Texas Rep. Beto O’Rourke, and former Massachusetts Gov. Deval Patrick. And Biden’s formidable group of supporters also includes a number of other key lawmakers on the local, state, and federal levels who have endorsed him in recent days. In fact, dozens have endorsed Biden in the last 48 hours, including: And it’s not just prominent politicians who have lined up behind Biden. Powerful unions in Michigan, Mississippi, and Missouri — all states that will be holding primaries on Tuesday — have also endorsed Biden. Unite HERE! Local 24 and United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) Locals 876 and 951 in Michigan; UFCW Local 1529 in Mississippi; and UFCW Locals 655, 88, and 2 in Missouri have all thrown their support behind Biden in the past week, according to The Hill. They’re a formidable group of workers that come from a wide range of backgrounds — and their unions’ infrastructure could go a long way toward helping get out the vote for Biden. That will be key for him in Michigan, a state in which Sanders has powerful surrogates and that the senator is counting on in order to come back in the delegate count. Sanders won a key endorsement himself this weekend: that of former presidential candidate and civil rights icon the Rev. Jesse Jackson. “With the exception of Native Americans, African Americans are the people who are most behind socially and economically in the United States and our needs are not moderate,” Jackson said in a statement Sunday. “A people far behind cannot catch up choosing the most moderate path. The most progressive social and economic path gives us the best chance to catch up and Senator Bernie Sanders represents the most progressive path. That’s why I choose to endorse him today.” Later Sunday morning, Sanders appeared on CNN’s State of the Union and said Jackson’s endorsement would be “a real boost” in his campaign. “What Rev. Jackson understands is that we have to move aggressively to wipe out all forms of racism in this country and we need an economic agenda that speaks to the needs of working people, not just the billionaire class,” Sanders said. Sanders already had the endorsements of many prominent progressive lawmakers, including Reps. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Rashida Tlaib — with Jackson, he may have gained an endorsement meaningful to a constituency that has voted overwhelmingly for Biden in contests so far: older black voters. Even with Jackson’s endorsement, however, the next few contests are likely to be an uphill battle for Sanders, particularly since party leaders appear to be increasingly coming out in support of Biden. And the Biden campaign has shown its ability both on Super Tuesday and in South Carolina to turn last-minute endorsements to its advantage. In South Carolina, Democratic Rep. Jim Clyburn’s endorsement boosted Biden’s already strong hold in South Carolina, and he won nearly 50 percent of the vote there. His decisive victory in this Southern state helped fuel his wins on Super Tuesday — and the eleventh-hour endorsements of Buttigieg, Klobuchar, and O’Rourke likely also played a role, particularly in Klobuchar’s Minnesota and O’Rourke’s Texas, both states in which Biden did better than expected. It is true that a Clyburn endorsement carries far more weight than the endorsement of just about any other political figure, but the volume and breadth of Biden’s endorsements in recent days can only help his chances of strong performances throughout March. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
-- Electronic-Records Goals Aren’t Met by 80% of U.S. Hospitals
More than 80 percent of hospitals have
yet to achieve the requirements for the first stage of a $14.6
billion U.S. program to encourage doctors to adopt electronic
medical records, the industry’s largest trade group said. The program is too ambitious and goals may not be met, Rick Pollack, executive vice president of the American Hospital
Association, said yesterday in a 68-page letter to the Health
and Human Services Department. He cited “the high bar set and
market factors, such as accelerating costs and limited vendor
capacity.” The records program, enacted as part of the economic
stimulus law in 2009, makes hospitals eligible for payments of
as much as $11.5 million if they can demonstrate “meaningful
use” of computer systems, according to the Washington-based
group. Hospitals and doctors who don’t adopt electronic records
by 2015 will be penalized with lower Medicare payments. Incentives will be paid out in three stages; the Obama
administration issued proposed rules for the second stage in
February. Meeting goals for the program is also being complicated by
a widening “digital divide” between large urban hospitals and
small rural ones, with big hospitals adopting the technology
faster than small ones, according to Pollack’s letter. Hospitals are “particularly concerned,” he said, about a
requirement in the new rules that they let patients view and
download their medical records from websites. The requirement
“is not feasible as proposed, raises significant security
issues and goes well beyond current technical capacity,”
Pollack wrote. Google Health Patients’ inability to easily download records from doctors
and hospitals has hampered development of personal medical
records systems such as a Google Inc. (GOOG) program that was shut down
last year after it failed to gain enough users, said Farzad Mostashari, who leads the electronic records program at the
Department of Health and Human Services. Representative Renee Ellmers, a North Carolina Republican,
plans to send a letter to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid
Services this week opposing the rules for the second stage of
the program, on behalf of small doctors’ practices, said her
spokesman, Darrell Jordan, in an e-mail. Ellmers is chairman of the House Small Business Committee’s
health-care subcommittee. To contact the reporter on this story:
Alex Wayne in Washington at
awayne3@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Reg Gale at
rgale5@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Æthelbald, King of Wessex/archive1
* The following is an archived discussion of a featured article nomination. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the article's talk page or in Wikipedia talk:Featured article candidates. No further edits should be made to this page.
The article was promoted by Sarastro1 via FACBot (talk) 22:41, 8 September 2018.
Æthelbald, King of Wessex
* Nominator(s): Dudley Miles (talk) 15:24, 17 August 2018 (UTC)
Æthelbald was the first of four brothers who were successively Kings of Wessex, the youngest of whom was Alfred the Great. This is a short article as very little is known about Æthelbald, but still the fullest account of him anywhere so far as I know. Dudley Miles (talk) 15:24, 17 August 2018 (UTC)
Comments by Mike Christie
I'm copyediting as I read through; please revert anything you disagree with.
* There's some repetitious phrasing at the end of the first paragraph of the lead: we have "kept Wessex", "kept Kent", and "keeping the west" five times in two sentences.
* Revised taking account of the conflicting views on the division of Wessex. Dudley Miles (talk) 12:06, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* Are the sources unambiguous in taking Æthelbald's genealogical connection to Cerdic at face value? I know Cerdic is generally thought to be real, and not a legendary figure, but I'm sure I recall discussions in Yorke or Kirby about how kings of Wessex might have manufactured connections to Cerdic.
* I too remember reading about doubts about Cerdic. Historians do not qualify when talking about descent from him being required for æthelings, but added "believed to be". Dudley Miles (talk) 12:06, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* After Æthelwulf's death, you say Æthelbald then became the king of Wessex, which is confusing because Æthelbald was already king of Wessex -- "Most historians state that Æthelbald kept Wessex" is a couple of sentences above. I think some qualification is needed.
* Done. (I am thinking of writing an off-Wiki article defending the minority view). Dudley Miles (talk) 12:06, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* Æthelwulf left a bequest to Æthelbald, Æthelred and Alfred, with the provision that whoever lived the longest was to inherit the whole: I think this could be expanded with more of the details that Keynes and Lapidge give in their long footnote on p. 314 -- the mention of Æthelwulf's bookland, and his probable desire that the land be undivided. I see from "it may have been intended to provide for the younger sons" that this is not undisputed, but the details are interesting and relate directly to Æthelbald.
* The views in the p. 314 footnote are contested - in my opinion rightly - by other historians. I went in to a little more detail in the Æthelwulf article but I did not think I needed to repeat the discussion here. Dudley Miles (talk) 12:06, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* With two reliable sources noting suspicions of S 1274, it might be worth adding a parenthetical "(possibly forged)" or something similar, despite Keynes.
* I am doubtful. Looking at the comments on charters listed in Sawyer there are plenty that are agreed to be fakes but very few which are agreed by all reliable sources to be genuine. The comments by Nelson and Dumville were passing remarks which pre-date Keynes's detailed study of a set of mid 9C charters, including the two of Æthelbald, arguing that they were products of a royal writing office. Dudley Miles (talk) 12:06, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* The articles by Lawrence on the forged coins, cited in Grierson and Blackburn, are available on Google Books; it might be worth adding a citation directly to those sources, since Lawrence goes into more detail than G&B do.
* Done. (I could not find the first in Google books but I found it in Jstor.)
* if so Æthelbald's early death allowed Æthelberht reverse the intention: looks like a word has been omitted?
* Done. Dudley Miles (talk) 12:06, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
Looks good; just the minor issues above. Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 11:01, 18 August 2018 (UTC)
* Thanks for the review Mike. Dudley Miles (talk) 12:06, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* All the above looks good. Before I support, there are some inconsistencies in location usage in the sources -- some have locations and some don't. There are also some hyphens in the page ranges. This script flags both. Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 13:15, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* Thanks Mike. I have run the script and added the missing locations. I am getting error messages because ODNB sources do not have page numbers. Do you know how I fix this? Also I have run the script for fixing hyphens but I am still getting errors messages for hyphens in pg ranges. If you do not know the answers to these queries I can raise them with Lingzhi. Dudley Miles (talk) 15:57, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* I think Lingzhi has retired, or at least is not currently active. As far as I'm aware the script will still show errors in some cases that probably don't apply, so it's a bit annoying; I leave it enabled all the time since I just ignore the errors once I've looked at them, but you could also comment the script out once you've used it. The dashes script is also not working for me; I don't know who maintains that. I've been having problems with the nominations viewer too so I thought it was just me but perhaps it's actually broken at the moment. Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 18:10, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* Thanks . What does "comment the script out" mean? Dudley Miles (talk) 18:51, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* If you edit your commons.js to have a "//" in front of the script line, it will turn it into a comment, which means it won't run -- it's just inactive text sitting in that file. When you want to use it, you can delete the "//" again and it will become active. Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 21:10, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* Thanks Mike. Dudley Miles (talk) 21:25, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
Support. Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 18:10, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
Comments by Wehwalt
Just a few things.
* "three kindreds" I'm not sure what this means. Families? Clans?
* It means something a bit wider than family and much narrower than clan - maybe extended family and its ancestors or branch of Cerdic's descendants. I cannot think of a good word to replace kindred - unless kin group is better?
* Maybe link to an appropriate article, or Wiktionary definition?--Wehwalt (talk) 09:36, 20 August 2018 (UTC)
* There is no suitable article on Wikipedia. I could link to the Wiktionary definition, although it is a bit vague and I do not know how to do that.
* "to the family of royal and princely allies which Charles was creating.[19]" consider something like "coalition" for "family".
* Coalition is too strong as they never acted together. I have changed to "network".
* "S 1274 is the first surviving West Saxon charter to require a contribution to fortification work, " I might say "oldest" for "first".
* Changed to "earliest".
* Has anything been said about his reputation in the past 1100 years?--Wehwalt (talk) 16:45, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* William of Malmesbury condemned him but his comments were copied from Asser. R. H. Hodgkin also adopted Asser's views in 1935, but modern historians do not given an opinion, I assume because the only source is Asser and he was obviously biassed against Æthelbald. It is difficult to say anything without POV, but I will have a think about it. Dudley Miles (talk) 17:45, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* Many thanks for your comments. Dudley Miles (talk) 17:45, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* Support Very interesting. Seems up to standards.--Wehwalt (talk) 09:36, 20 August 2018 (UTC)
* Many thanks. Dudley Miles (talk) 10:47, 20 August 2018 (UTC)
* and please note that I have expanded the reputation section. Dudley Miles (talk) 10:47, 20 August 2018 (UTC)
* The additions look fine to me. Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 15:29, 20 August 2018 (UTC)
SN54129
This is a nice article, and well out of my comfort zone, with is fun. I made a couple of (what seemed to be) obvious tweakes, but feel free, of course, to revert. I'll probably come back again, but just quickly—do you not think that the 3X filius regis is slightly repetitive? Just a thought. Best of luck with this! —SerialNumber54129 paranoia / cheap sh*t room 17:10, 20 August 2018 (UTC)
* Changed the second one to "with the same designation".
* Thanks for the comment and edits. Dudley Miles (talk) 18:08, 20 August 2018 (UTC)
Comments from JM
Fantastic topic - I'm thrilled to see this here.
* I get twitchy when I see a quote without a citation, as currently appears in the lead! There are a few instances further down the article, as well.
* The quote in the lead is repeated and cited in the main text. I cannot see any uncited quotes below - can you advise where you see problems? I have followed what I understand to be usual practice in not giving cites in the lead, although I think there is a case for giving duplicate cites for quotes only. do you have any advice/views on this. Dudley Miles (talk) 16:08, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
* Yes: I support the idea of duplicate citations for quotes. I also support following quotes (or sentences containing quotes) with a citation, even if the sentence is "captured" by a citation later. Josh Milburn (talk) 18:40, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
* Yes, although citations in the lead are generally discouraged on the assumption that everything in the lead will be supported by cited statements in the main body, my understanding is that quotes in the lead are an exception and should be cited no matter what. Cheers, Ian Rose (talk) 21:32, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
* Thanks Ian. I have added a cite to the quote in the lead and also put cites next to quotes, except for one case where it was too complicated and the source of the quote is obvious in the citation. Dudley Miles (talk) 17:43, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
* A wikilink to Viking would be helpful. I assume that these are Danes? Or am I being imprecise if I say that? (A wikilink when you mention "Cornishmen" would probably also be useful.)
* Links given for Vikings and Cornishmen. I think all the leaders of Viking armies in England were Danish in this early period, but I did not think it was necessary to go into that. Dudley Miles (talk) 16:08, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
* "However, as Æthelstan was old enough to be appointed king ten years before Alfred was born in 849 and Æthelbald took part in battle in 851; some historians argue that it is more likely that the elder children were born to an unrecorded earlier wife." I'm not a fan of the semi-colon when you're starting the previous clause with "as". How about: "However, as Æthelstan was old enough to be appointed king ten years before Alfred was born in 849 and Æthelbald took part in battle in 851, some historians argue that it is more likely that the elder children were born to an unrecorded earlier wife." or "However, Æthelstan was old enough to be appointed king ten years before Alfred was born in 849 and Æthelbald took part in battle in 851; consequently, some historians argue that it is more likely that the elder children were born to an unrecorded earlier wife."
* Adopted your second suggestion. Dudley Miles (talk) 16:08, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
* I find the phrase "went on pilgrimage" a little elliptical; is it standard in the literature?
* I am not clear what your point is. I think "went on pilgrimage" has a standard meaning and it gets 119,000 hits on google.
* Sorry for being cryptic; I would probably say "went on a pilgrimage". I defer to you, though. Josh Milburn (talk) 18:40, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
* "Shortly after Æthelwulf's death in 858, Æthelbald forced Swithun to lease him an episcopal estate at Farnham. Ecgberht was buried in Winchester and Æthelwulf at Steyning in Sussex,[c] perhaps because Æthelbald was unwilling to have him buried in Wessex, while Æthelbald and Æthelberht were buried at Sherborne" I think the significance of all this could be more clearly spelt out.
* This is a tricky one. Barbara Yorke pointed out the relevance of the split between Sherborne and Winchester in 1984, but her comments have been largely ignored by other historians, perhaps because she published in an obscure journal. I think I am in danger of WP:UNDUE and WP:SYNTH, so I have cut down my comments. Dudley Miles (talk) 16:08, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
* I also think the significance of "Carolingian prestige" could also be explained.
* Expanded as "Another factor was that Judith was a great-granddaughter of Charlemagne, and union with her gave Æthelwulf a share in Carolingian prestige." OK?
* " and since Kent had only been conquered thirty years previously, it was hardly part of a previously united kingdom, [25]" Has something been lost, here?
* Expanded as "and since Kent had only been conquered thirty years previously, it did not make sense to speak of it as having always been a less important part of the kingdom." OK?
* It was the punctuation problem as much as anything; I was worried part of the sentence was lost. Josh Milburn (talk) 18:40, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
Having to stop there, sorry: only able to review in snatched moments, I'm afraid! Very interesting so far; please double-check my edits. Josh Milburn (talk) 16:40, 25 August 2018 (UTC)
Final pointer:
* Could we have a slightly more explicit description of what the charters concerned?
* Done. Dudley Miles (talk) 16:08, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
Interesting read. I think it's a little tricky to follow in places, but that may be unavoidable. We also have slightly different comma philosophies, but I've tried not to let that influence my edits/recommendations! Josh Milburn (talk) 09:46, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
* Many thanks for the thorough review. Are there other places where it is tricky to follow? Dudley Miles (talk) 16:08, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
* A couple of readers have queried the word "kindred", so I have changed it to "family". Dudley Miles (talk) 16:08, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
* I'll have another look through soon and flag anything that jumps out at me; it may have been my problem rather than yours! Josh Milburn (talk) 18:40, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
* Josh, are you able to have another look now? Cheers, Ian Rose (talk) 12:39, 7 September 2018 (UTC)
Sorry about the delay.
* "At the beginning of the ninth century, England was almost wholly under the control of the Anglo-Saxons, and the Midland kingdom of Mercia dominated southern England; but in 825 Ecgberht decisively defeated the Mercians at the Battle of Ellendun, ending Mercian supremacy." I don't really like that semi-colon. Can I suggest splitting this into two sentences?
* Done. Dudley Miles (talk) 11:32, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
* "Client kingdom" is a technical term; could we have a wikilink? We currently seem to have a redirect to satellite state. Is that accurate?
* I have linked although it is difficult to say whether it is accurate as virtually nothing is known about Cornwall in the ninth century and client kingdom is historians' best guess. Dudley Miles (talk) 11:32, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
* "as "a charismatic sanctification which enhanced her status, blessed her womb and conferred additional throne-worthiness on her male offspring." These" Can I recommend including a citation right after the quote? Also, per MOS:LQ, we should generally "Keep [periods] inside the quotation marks if they apply only to the quoted material and outside if they apply to the whole sentence", so the period should probably be outside of the quotemarks here.
* Both done. Dudley Miles (talk) 11:32, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
* "To her father's fury, soon afterwards she eloped with Baldwin, Count of Flanders, and their son Baldwin II married Alfred's daughter Ælfthryth." No complaint, just saying that I love this fact. Not so much a family tree as a family web.
* These marriages were unusual. Marriages between English and Continental royalty were very rare except in the 910s and 920s when English prestige was at its height due to the defeat of the Vikings. Dudley Miles (talk) 11:32, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
* "his thegn, Osmund" Was Osmund his only thegn? If not, it should probably read "his thegn Osmund" or "one of his thegns, Osmund". A wikilink would also be helpful.
* Linked. On "his thegn" this is a difficult one. It is the wording in the charter, but the king was the lord of the thegns and they were all his thegns. All the wordings, including mine, could be wrongly taken to imply that there were thegns who were not the king's men. I could change it to "a thegn called Osmund" or I could add a note explaining. What do you think? Dudley Miles (talk) 11:32, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
* The concern I have is simply grammatical; his thegn, Osmund only really works if Osmund is his only thegn. You could just remove the comma, or you could perhaps switch things around to something like "Osmund, one of the king's thegns". Josh Milburn (talk) 12:37, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
* Changed to "a thegn called Osmund" as I think "Osmund, one of the king's thegns" might imply that there were thegns who were not king's men.Dudley Miles (talk) 13:52, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
* overlord is also a technical term without a wikilink
* I do not think there is a suitable article to link to. Overlord has a different meaning. It seems OK to me but I could change it to "that Æthelberht was not subordinate to Æthelbald" if you find overlord unclear. Dudley Miles (talk) 11:32, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
* Your call. I think it's fairly obvious, but it does strike me as a technical term. Josh Milburn (talk) 12:37, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
* "Only the year of his death is known, but as his father died in January 858 and he ruled for two and a half years thereafter, he probably died in about July 860. He was buried at Sherborne in Dorset and he is not known to have had any children." Maybe it'd be nice to note here what happened to Judith. (I know it's mentioned above. Maybe I'm wrong.)
* I do not think it needs repeating.
* That's fair! Josh Milburn (talk) 12:37, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
* "as "two and a half lawless years"; adding" again, I really don't like that semi-colon. I think it should probably be a comma, but it may be more readable if you split the sentence.
* Done' Dudley Miles (talk) 11:32, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
* I wonder if the Electronic Sawyer source could be better formatted?
* What do you suggest? Dudley Miles (talk) 11:32, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
* You could use cite web? Something like : "[url Pagetitle]". Publisher. Accessed date. Josh Milburn (talk) 12:37, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
* Done. Dudley Miles (talk) 13:52, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
Again, I think this is a really great article on a tricky subject. Josh Milburn (talk) 16:34, 7 September 2018 (UTC)
* Many thanks for the kind words and the very helpful review. Dudley Miles (talk) 11:32, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
Support. I think this is basically where it needs to be for FA status. Josh Milburn (talk) 12:37, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
Image review
The date field of the PD images should state when the original image was first published, not when it was uploaded or scanned. The rest looks fine. FunkMonk (talk) 04:42, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
* Thanks . Images are
* Scan of illustration in 14C manuscript. I have changed the date to c. 1350.
* Plaque in Sherborne Abbey. I do not know the date but I assume the correct date is when it was photographed.
* Scan of coins from book. I have changed the date to 1893 when the book was published.
* Are these OK? Dudley Miles (talk) 08:03, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
* Yes, fine now! FunkMonk (talk) 14:35, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
Support from Tim riley
Only three very minor quibbles:
* Division of the kingdom
* "had a stronger claim to the throne than him" – because I'm old and pedantic I should prefer this to read "had a stronger claim to the throne than he had".
* Done. Dudley Miles (talk) 17:20, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
* Reputation
* "Bishop Asser" – first time we've had his job title mentioned: perhaps that would be more appropriate at first mention in the main text?
* Done. Dudley Miles (talk) 17:20, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
* Sources
* I'm not sure of your rationale for adding authorlinks. For instance, David Dumville is linked twice out of three mentions of him, and Janet Nelson (with and without a middle L) is linked for half her six mentions, but Pauline Stafford is linked from all three of hers.
* My rationale is that it is best to shove links in whenever I think of it and check that only the first source is linked before going to FAC. Unfortunately I forgot the last part. Fixed. Dudley Miles (talk) 17:20, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
That's all from me, other than to add my support for an enjoyable, highly readable article: well and widely sourced, as fully illustrated (I assume) as available resources permit, and even-handed in presentation of conflicting accounts and interpretations. – Tim riley talk 11:22, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
* Many thanks Tim. Very helpful as always. Dudley Miles (talk) 17:20, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
Source review
The sources have already had something of a piecemeal review, above, from several editors including me, but if the coordinators would like a formal review I'll gladly do one. Tim riley talk 18:39, 28 August 2018 (UTC)
* Tim, the coordinators would be most grateful if you could conduct a formal SR...! Cheers, Ian Rose (talk) 10:11, 31 August 2018 (UTC)
Right ho. Here it is:
* All the sources cited are evidently of high quality and relevance. The books used come from a representative spread of dates, most of them being from recent decades.
* Presentation of sources is uniform. ISBNs: from a sample cross-check (ISBN 0-19-822261-0 and ISBN 0-521-56350-X) I think the MoS stipulations on 10-v-13-digit forms have been met. One of the ISBNs has gaps instead of hyphens, but what the Hell. The only two formatting quibbles I could come up with were one missing "UK" in a location and a few hyphens in date ranges which should have been en-dashes, all of which I have taken it on myself to tweak to save time detailing them here.
* So, following the excellent guideline for reviewers to the best of my ability, I declare this source review fine and dandy. Tim riley talk 19:49, 31 August 2018 (UTC)
* Many thanks. Dudley Miles (talk) 20:21, 31 August 2018 (UTC)
Sarastro (talk) 22:41, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
| WIKI |
1991–92 in Scottish football
The 1991–92 season was the 95th season of competitive football in Scotland.
Scottish Premier Division
Champions: Rangers
Relegated: St Mirren, Dunfermline Athletic
Scottish League Division One
Promoted: Dundee, Partick Thistle
Relegated: Montrose, Forfar Athletic
Scottish League Division Two
Promoted: Dumbarton, Cowdenbeath
Scottish clubs in Europe
Average coefficient – 2.250
Scotland national team
Key:
* (H) = Home match
* (A) = Away match
* ECQG2 = European Championship qualifying – Group 2
* ECGB = European Championship – Group B | WIKI |
Talk:Wheel/Archive 1
Initial text
The wheel is often viewed as the quintessential invention, and was most likely invented in all ancient civilizations, although not always used.
How true is this? From what I know, wheels as means of transportation were invented around the middle east around 4000 BC and spread outward from there. The concept is neither as obvious as one might think, nor as useful (eg without roads slider bars do a better job moving heavy things around).
Where is the evidence of South American wheels?
* There are wheeled things we suppose to be TOYS - wheeled dogs in Mexican contexts, wheeled Llamas in Incan. The usual reason given for the failure ot use them on carts is that usable roads would have been too hard to build or too uncommon, which I for one buy for the Andes but not for Central Mexico. --MichaelTinkler
Also - I've added a bit about how wheels transform forces, and I think that when one talks about a wheel as a simple machine it is that that one is referring to, not the transformation between linear and rotary motion (which is really a special case of a friction gear when you think about it). Should this maybe be changed?
Yes it should! Apart from being gobbledygook it should be on a page called Wheel and Axle. I'm about to try and make this change. hope it works.
Aw, come ON people! Someone must have something to say of the history of the wheel! I had an exceedingly short go, but that was deemed inappropriate even though i framed it rather diffusely. A more fact filled history must be out there somewhere. Or are we inventing the wheel again? :-) --Anders Törlind
* I'm all for history and don't object to the circa 4000 BC part at all for 'earliest commonly recognized,' and then let other cultures invent it for themselves in a dependent clause. --MichaelTinkler
I got rid of the "third-most-important invention after language and fire clause," because language was never "invented" by humans. --Alex S 04:27, 1 Sep 2003 (UTC)
* Language not an invention? Are theories inventions? Are World Views inventions? Is a metaphor an invention? An analogy? What would you call them then? So far as I am concerned a metaphor or analogy is clearly an invention. Aren't they clearly based on the invention of language? -- Geo Swan 02:24, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Am I the only one that finds is strange that the only external links are to bacteria pages? (valid though that may be) Seems very unbalanced. The whole notion is a bit dodgy, the wheel in question is more like a cog which I suppose is type of wheel but... Also, did bacteria really invent the wheel, that's like saying an animal invented the brain, bacteria may have evolved the cog wheel but not invented it. I'd really like to take the whole reference out, it's cute but not appropriate --Bob Palin 02:39, 14 Feb 2004 (UTC)
"Recent" (april 2002) excavations in the Ljubljana (which lies in Slovenia) marsh have brought up a wheel with an axle that is dated somewhere around 3250-3150 a.Chr.n (=BC). --Matija Šuklje, 16 Oct 2004
I'm going to make some changes again based on my view that the page should be about the wheel as an aid to transport, and that other (different) things called wheels should be kept separate to avoid confusion.
Also I will change (my own) explanation of how the wheel works. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jimbowley (talk • contribs) 19:37, 3 April 2005 (UTC)
I agree in that it may be likely that many ancient civilisations would used implements like wheels around the same general period but documented evidence may say otherwise. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:20, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
Notice of intention to overhaul
I find this description of the wheel to be very lacking. The writer seems to think that dry equations actually impart a real knowledge of what is happening mechanically. Far from it. Also, the history section was much better about a year ago. I'm planning a total rewrite. If anyone has much to say for this version, please speak up in the next few days. JDG 05:02, 6 May 2005 (UTC)
* JDG, I agree with you that the article could use a good overhaul. One thing which comes to mind for inclusion, is a counter to the view commonly expressed or implied that societies which lacked significant use of technology associated with the wheel are thereby deficient in some regard, and that the possession of wheel-based technologies necessarily confers some crucial advantage over those without it. Many (primarily non-academic) references overplay this distinction.
* As an efficient transport technology, the wheel requires not only the axle and vehicle chassis, but a suitable domesticated draught animal for propulsion, not to mention suitable terrain. Such animals were completely lacking in the pre-Columbian Americas, pre-colonised Australia, etc., and failure to explore this technology further should hardly be surprising. Even so, many impressive civilisations and edifaces were constructed without its substantive aid, such as the Egyptian pyramids, Mayan, Aztec, Zapotec and Inca cities, Great Zimbabwe, the Easter Island statues, etc etc.
* A case could be made that applications of the technology, such as for chariots in warfare, provided an advantage to the possessors (eg, Hittites v. Egyptians). However, whilst undeniably a substantial and largely beneficial technology, the extent to which it has aided the development of those who employed it will need to be mapped out with some care. --cjllw | TALK 02:22, 2005 May 26 (UTC)
Authentication for The Iranian wheel picture
In reply to Dab's objection that the spoked Iranian wheel dated in the 2nd Millenium BCE may not be authentic, to his request, I visited National Museum of Iran, and took the 3 pictures below.
The curator of the museum verified that the spoked wheel's date had been determined by Carbon dating among other techniques, and that it had been excavated in Susa. The wooden parts of course were added for display. But the rest is made of an alloy of Copper and Tin.--Zereshk 14:41, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* Zereshk, I asked because you had labelled the wheel "2000 BC". Now of course you realize that "late 2nd millennium" means "just before 1000 BC", i.e. almost 1000 years younger. That date is completely unproblematic and I accept it without batting an eyelid. It isn't even particularly early, chariots were around in Mesopotamia since 1600 BC or so. But thanks for checking + taking the picture! dab (ᛏ) 14:58, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)
Always happy to verify. Can you please see to it that Wheel Iran.jpg is updated? It's still displying the old picture I put up.--Zereshk 15:04, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* it's a cache issue. It will appear. But why did you overwrite the old image? This one will have to be cropped. Where did you get the one without background? Incidentially, I am surprised that were wheels with metal rim in 1000 BC. But surely, parts of the wood must be preserved (otherwise, how would they have Carbon dated it?) Maybe just the central spokes are replacement, and the rim is the original wood? dab (ᛏ) 15:08, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* hey, and if they let you walk around with your camera in the museum like that, I am sure you can do a whole lot of other GFDL'd images of notable artefacts for Wikipedia, hint hint, ;o) dab (ᛏ) 15:13, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* Indeed. Is it too late to visit there again and snap some more photos? I hope not. ;-) -- Natalinasmpf 21:17, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* Pictures are allowed at close range, provided no flashes are used. I'll visit the museum again on my next trip to Iran. I'll see if I can get special permission to visit their non-exhibit collection (as I have done before).--Zereshk 10:15, 19 February 2006 (UTC)
Some linguistic evidence
JP Mallory writes: Tomas Gamkrelidze and Vyachislav Ivanov, interestingly enough, have noted that one of our words associated with wheeled vehicles, Proto-Indo-European *kwekwlo bears striking similarity to the words for vehicles in Sumerian gigir, Semitic *galgal, and Kartvelian *grgar. With the putative origin of wheeled vehicles set variously in the Pontic-Caspian, Transcaucasia or to Sumer, we may be witnessing the original word for a wheeled vehicle in four different language families. Furthermore, as the Proto-Indo-European form is built on an Indo-European verbal root *kwel—'to turn, to twist', it is unlikely that the Indo-Europeans borrowed their word from one of the other languages. This need not, of course, indicate that Indo-Europeans invented wheeled vehicles, but it might suggest that they were in some for of contact relation with those Near Eastern languages in the fourth millennium B.C. —James P. Mallory, In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology and Myth, Thames and Hudson, 1989, p. 163.
The Sumerian GalGal could also derive from Indo European Gala, Gal, Gla,... which means "throat, voice" (for example: seaGUL, Golos(Glas), Glagolica (Slavic), Gala (Sanskrit), Celt, Ghaul,... which meant "speakers" (birds). Tell me 1 reason WHY should ALL words and ALL cultural elements "derive from Semitic" nonsense? Because Bible says so? Oldest wheel (yet) was discovered in Europe (Slovenia); is is at least 1000 years older than any wheel in Sumeria or middle east. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:03, 17 February 2014 (UTC)
We are not so much speaking of the invention of the wheel as we are of wheeled vehicles. Toys supporting very little weight are one thing; a practical vehicle that can support its own weight as well as cargo is something entirely different. --FourthAve 21:26, 10 August 2005 (UTC)
Cart vs wagon
Any discussion of wheeled vehicles has to carefully distinguish between carts (one axle, two wheels) and wagons (two axles, four wheels). The distinction is recorded in the Proto-Indo-European language, and descends into all branches of the language family. American English has mucked things up by terming automobiles and railway carriages (either passenger or freight) as 'cars'; 'car' originally referred to a cart-like vehicle, and in artistic contexts (painting, sculpture), often a chariot. --FourthAve 10:56, 11 August 2005 (UTC)
This is one large wheel made from wood. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:08, 20 February 2009 (UTC)
Archaeology
I think you should be more consistent at updating articles of some of the more important inventions in our history.I realy hope someone will sort things right. Oldest wooden wheel was found in Europe! http://slonews.sta.si/index.php?id=677&s=29 —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:40, 30 May 2009 (UTC)
There does seem to be evidence that wheeled vehicles were invented in Europe first, and just maybe, in Northern Europe:
* The GrN dates and the Flintbek age seem to suggest that wheeled vehicles were invented in Europe together with the ard, ox-team and yoke, not in the Near East. But the data are still scarce and the BR III DIC-dates raise interesting questions. (For complete article see: The earliest evidence of wheeled vehicles in Europe and the Near East. Antiquity 73, 1999:778-790)
* See also the picture of the spectacular pot excavated at Bronocice, Poland, which shows apparently the very first depiction of a wheeled vehicle (here, a wagon) anywhere.
I find this as shocking as I imagine you are. --FourthAve 21:58, 10 August 2005 (UTC)
The origin of the wheel should be traced back to a more primitive form, such as a rolling log supporting a heavy movong object or platform. Another possibility is a round stone used as a primitive ball bearing supporting an object. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:53, 8 May 2013 (UTC)
Axles
D.Q. Adams and JP Mallory do the article "Axle" in EIEC. They note there were two types of axles. The more common was a fixed axle where the wheel rotated on it; this is found in Mesopotamia, the Pontic-Caspian steppe, NE Europe. The second type had the axle rotate with the wheel; this attested in Switzerland and southern Germany, and seems to have once been more widespread, to have been replaced by the first type.
The most "abundant evidence" for early wheeled vehicles is from the steppe at the foot of the Caucasus; see Kura-Araxes culture and the Maykop culture, both of which most likely had Indo-European speaking components.--FourthAve 15:42, 14 August 2005 (UTC)
I have read in academic works that the earliest spoked wheel was found in the Netherlands. The most likely origin for the wheel was developed from rollers fitted on sleighs to cross the tundra and steppe in Ukraine and under the now flooded Black Sea. What really supports the invention of the wheel is the expansion of people from the Ukraine to Ireland (Celts) and the northern borders of China (Tocharians et al). A similar expansion moved south (Arians vis. White skinned) and the only realistic explanation is that these people had both the wheel and possibly wheat or other grain cultivation. It created a need to expand to prevent over population. This is a theme that Middle Eastern writers have alluded to from ancient times up to the last movement the Turks. There is considerable evidence of advanced cultures in the Ukraine and Caucuses. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:31, 15 October 2008 (UTC)
Symbol
We may need Wheel (symbol) for those winged wheels and chakras. Weren't wheels taboo in Tibet before the Maoist invasion? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:49, 13 March 2006 (UTC)
reason for not using wheels
from above
Where is the evidence of South American wheels?
There are wheeled things we suppose to be TOYS - wheeled dogs in Mexican contexts, wheeled Llamas in Incan. The usual reason given for the failure ot use them on carts is that usable roads would have been too hard to build or too uncommon, which I for one buy for the Andes but not for Central Mexico. --MichaelTinkler
you all so need a central empire of some sort to pay and mantane for the roads,it wasn't the case in central mexico at the time 1 to use wheels you need a flat surface(rare to existe by it self) in generaly a road 2 a central empire is needed to bealt them and maintain them 3 the empire must have sufichient resources and technology to build them(the incas didn't have buldosers on ther mountens,the romans at my nolge did not buld roads on mountens)
so in general at historic times it was easyer to not use wheels.
that good unaf?do somebody wants to add this whith corect english --Ruber chiken 21:04, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
* It could be that roads are needed for wheeled carriages, but to build roads wheeled carriages must exist otherwise the roads are not so useful, and walk paths are enough. Central America have wet rain forests and I beleive it is not so easy to build roads there good enough for carriages. --BIL (talk) 10:28, 14 December 2008 (UTC)
=> It does not follow that wheels weren't developed by indigenous Americans because they had no draft animals. When I push my grocery cart around at Safeway, I don't have a horse or ox or elephant or dog to pull it either. Pedestrian utility devices were doubtless used before vehicles in those cultures where the wheel took root, but Native Americans did not embrace their use. Nor did they adopt the potter's wheel, using clay coil fabrication to this very day. They must have had a reason.User:LarryPerkins1 — Preceding undated comment added 23:47, 23 February 2022 (UTC)
The Bronocice pot - Waza z Bronocic
www.neolit.prv.pl
The vase from Bronocice - a ceramic pot with incised carts, discovered in 1974 during the archaeological excavation of a large Neolothic settlement in Bronicice by the Nidzica River, ca. 50 km to north east of Krakow (the Pinczow, Land District). The excavations were carried out between 1974 and 1980 by the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the State University of New York at Buffalo (USA). The ornament on the pot shows a symbolic depiction of trees, fields, roads and a river. The most important component of the decoration are five rudimentary representations of a four-wheeled cart. The pot from Bronocice has been dated by a physical chemistry method (radiocarbon dating) to 3520 B.C. It is the oldest representation of a cart (or a wheeled vehicle) in the world.
The Institute of Archeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, Kraków Branch, ul. Slawkowska 17, phone +48(12) 4222905,
www.archeo.pan.krakow.pl
* Actually, another source says:
* The excavators accept an age range spanning these results, about 3500-3350 BCE.
* The article should be corrected accordingly. Devijvers (talk) 19:32, 4 January 2010 (UTC)
spherial wheels
Wha tabout these? They have no entry, no matter how small in this article... Why? They are a special variation seen in some furniture... — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:47, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
Proto-Indo-European
It's been some time since I cracked a linguistics text book, so I could be wrong on this. Proto-Indo-European was never actually spoken by any culture. It is a theoretical language which has been contructed by linguistic typologists and historians by looking at groups of modern languages and then imagining what the common origin of them might have been. To say that the word 'wheel' (or any modern word) derives from it is inaccurate. This statement should probably be revised --Paul Cnudde
—The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:32, 31 January 2007 (UTC).
Merging "Wheel and axle" and "Wheel", discuss.
I do not believe these two articles should be merged as they discuss two totally different things that use the same word.
Wheel and axle: The simple machine of a a wheel and an axle turning (at this stage it is unimportant which is making which turn) which leads to another connected wheel and axle to also turn.
Wheel: The wheel as we know it used for motion. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by GBobly (talk • contribs) 14:43, 12 February 2007 (UTC).
Inconsistency
"History of the wheel and axle" says first The wheel reached India and Pakistan with the Indus Valley Civilization in the 3rd millennium BC then The wheel reached Europe and India (the Indus Valley civilization) in the 4th millennium BC. Which is right? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:29, 22 February 2007 (UTC).
"The wheel was invented in 44 b.c. by Ruben Rehr a well known American from Accent, Alabama." I don't think this is true. o_o — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:20, 17 January 2008 (UTC)
Africa
ha! so it didn't appear in Africa until colonialism! not even the egyptians had it --<IP_ADDRESS> 15:52, 30 June 2007 (UTC)
* The Egyptians had chariots. Admittedly I don't know whether nor when they invented it by themselves or adopted it from others. --<IP_ADDRESS> 22:35, 27 September 2007 (UTC)
Diagram out of place?
The wheel on a ramp diagram at the top of the article seems out of place. It is somewhat related to the article, but such an important position should be occupied by a simple picture of a wheel -- shouldn't it? ThreeE 02:09, 18 September 2007 (UTC)
Yes, I agree there should be a picture of a simple wheel at the top of the article.
I removed the diagram you refer to for that reason, and because it does not explain the function of a wheel. The diagram showed why a round object rolls downhill, it did not explain why a wheel is useful for transporting things along the surface of the planet which is the major function of the wheel.
I have added this explanation because the author of the picture has reverted it back in, and it may become a point of contention if the author continues to do so. Jimbowley 14:19, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* Yes, it may well become a point of contention.. We may have an image at the top of the article as you suggest, but then we should move the diagram to the section on Mechanics of wheels. It may seem trivial that the diagram explains why wheels ar so facinating. Bear in mind that many scholars may not quite comprehend why wheels tend to rotate spontaneously..We also need a gallery for a variety of different wheels. That is why I did not delete your cartwheel..but shifted it down instead..Gregorydavid 14:41, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
* Hi Gregorydavid, I appreciate you not reverting. Wheels do not tend to rotate spontaneously. Things such as wheels and eggs and footballs do tend to roll downhill but that is not anything to do with being wheel-like it is to do with being roundish and to do with gravity.Jimbowley 13:35, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Hi, I beg to differ, we all know wheels tend to rotate spontaneously, given the correct conditions.. why the need for brakes and the hand brake? On sloping surfaces gravity alone creates the impetus for wheels to rotate spontaneously, while an external impetus is required in other situations. The eccentricity of the force bearing on the axle, with the point of contact with the sloping surface creates a moment that is not counteracted by any forces excepting the rolling resistance on the surface and any rolling resistance at the axle.. the same reason why stones with virtual axles roll downhill as you pointed out..Gregorydavid 20:28, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
* We have a different understanding of what spontaneously means, and yours is wrong. Regards Jimbowley 12:41, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
* Please explain, do you mean spontaneously like in Spontaneous combustion, ie without an external ignition source, or external force in the case of the wheel? Gregorydavid 14:18, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
* This definition matches my own understanding/use of the word: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous "Spontaneous means a self-generated event, typically requiring no outside influence or help."
* So saying that something (eg gravity) causes a spontaneous action makes no sense at all. Regards, Jimbowley 13:16, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
* Most spontaneous events depend on the correct conditions to be present for them to occur. The fact that gravity is not visible may account for the misconception that objects appear to move spontaneoulsly under the influence of gravity. The diagram together with its caption indicates why roundish objects including wheels tend to roll down sloping surfaces. Is the analysis so trivial that it is not deserving of being included in an article which many editors, including yourself have been grappling with for years?Gregorydavid 13:05, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
* I'm not sure that your imagined readership exists (people who want to know why things roll downhill). But if they do exist, this article is not the place to cater to them.Jimbowley 14:27, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
Origin of wheels
There is conflicting text in the history section. Origin of wheels says "The wheel reached India and Pakistan with the Indus Valley Civilization in the 3rd millennium BCE", only lines later to state "The wheel reached Europe and India (the Indus Valley civilization) in the 4th millennium BCE". ??? so which one is it? Twthmoses 07:38, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
* There is actually more conflicting text. On one hand it is claimed that potters wheels were probably the earliest of wheels and on the other hand that driven wheels only developed sometime later. Surely all potters wheels are, per definition, driven? Gregorydavid 09:37, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
I have found an authoritative reference for the origin of the wheel : written in the Pulitzer Prize-winning book Guns, Germs, and Steel. The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond ( 1997 ). In the last page of chapter 10, entitled Big spaces, big axes, he writes that the wheel appeared around 3000 B.C. in the Near East, and the invention was spread to a large part of Eurasia within a few centuries, while the same invention, independently born in Mexico, never reached the Andes. Please, check the original quotation, since I have translated from my Italian translated edition of Diamond's book. Carlodn6 21:39, 26 April 2008 (UTC) The invention of the wheel should distinguish between two stages: firstly the invention of the tournette, or slow potters wheel, which occurred in Mesopotamia in the 5th millenium BC. But wheels as applied to vehicles were developed much later, usually dated as between 4000 and 3500 BC. It is a common misconception, as popularized in innumerable cartoons, that the first wheel were made of stone.
* —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:09, 6 December 2008 (UTC)
As per the ancient Hindu scriptures - "Ramayana", wheels chariots and horses existed and prevalent during the "Treta Yuga" about a million year (1,000,000) ago. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:47, 15 August 2015 (UTC)
What this article 'should' be about
I think this article should be only about those things that we put on vehicles (and some other objects) to allow them to roll along. This is what people think of when the wheel is talked about as the quintessential invention. It is this improvement in the transport of goods and people that aided the spread of civilization and trade.
Other things that happen to be called wheels should not be on this page if they operate on different principles and serve other purposes.
My intention is to move the article in the above direction. What do you think? Jimbowley 12:31, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
No comments? OK to summarise what I am trying to do: I aim to modify the pages wheel wheel and axle simple machine to make it clear that a wheel on an axle on a cart is not a wheel and axle in the simple machine sense.
This task is made more difficult because wheel and axle is not well defined and there are many wrong or poor examples in teaching materials on the web. But I will try.Jimbowley 14:00, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
I note that this article starts with an example of what a wheel can be used for, rather than what a wheel is. Also, the example given is not general - i.e. a wheel can be used to transport light devices as well as heavy ones. and heavy is a relative term! I suggest that the introduction should be re-ordered to first describe what a wheel is, then to describe its potential applications. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:56, 22 June 2011 (UTC)
Most appropriate introduction picture?
It would be nice to avoid the constant implemetation of users personal favorite wheel pictures at the head of the article.
I think:
1) Given that the wheel is often thought of as the quintessential invention the main picture should be suitably antique. 2) It should also not obscure the basic function, which is that it turns on an axle, or the axle turns in the vehicle.
A picture of a modern driven wheel, eg on a bicycle or train or car, does not meet the above criteria.
Thoughts please? Jimbowley 13:26, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
* Since when do we plug new sections on talk pages in at the top?Gregorydavid 14:23, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
* I didn't realise there was a protocol. It just seemed the sensible place to put it as it was discussing the first thing on the page.
* While you are here, perhaps you could give a reason why you replaced the picture of the cart with a (rather poor) picture of a tricycle? Jimbowley 13:51, 9 November 2007 (UTC)
* Hi, I thought the picture of the cart did not compare well with the one I replaced it with because the back of the cart is dragging on the ground and the horse is missing. On the other hand the ticycle is properly balanced and shows the mechanism which applies the moment to the rear wheels. It is not really my favourite picture. Maybe an animated picture of a wheel would be better.Gregorydavid 19:17, 11 November 2007 (UTC)
Expert(s) needed
This article is in need of an expert and some serious fact checking. I slapped the expert tag on the history section, but as a read though the whole article everything needs trimming, facts checking, expanding, etc. It is with some sadness I must note, that such a fundamental issue in the history of mankind is in such a bad shape on wiki.Twthmoses (talk) 17:57, 19 December 2007 (UTC)
- I don't believe you'll find an 'expert' as the true invention of wheel and axel is lost to time. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:27, 23 September 2008 (UTC)
As a fictional weapon
Two games, Mega Man X2 and Mega Man X7 have weapons based on wheels, should we mention them?<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:16, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
* That's a bit far fetched.--MiG82au (talk) 11:13, 4 March 2012 (UTC)
* Viṣṇu has the sudarśana cakra. Perhaps it's not so far fetched to add a section on the discus, the wheel as a weapon.--2604:2E89:B579:0:446A:9DE2:E031:DC2 (talk) 00:07, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
Wheels in nature and life
As far as I know, there are no implementations of the wheel in living forms. Wheel seems to be a unique man made invention<EMAIL_ADDRESS>—Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:30, 19 March 2008 (UTC)
* You won't see larger animals growing wheels. In a lot of environments, wheels are impractical (humans have to go to a lot of trouble to create roads, railways etc. for our artificial wheels). I suspect it's also not very compatible with normal biology - it would be hard to provide a wheel with a blood supply etc (if it's just a dead lump that doesn't need nutrition, it's hard to repair wear and tear), and driving the wheel is problematic. However, wheels do show up quite often at a microscopic level, in bacterial flagellae - see this NewScientist discussion (which also notes that tumbleweeds use a 'wheel' approach to propagation). --GenericBob (talk) 04:09, 22 April 2009 (UTC)
Contradictory dates for wheel reaching India
The History section begins:
* As per the ancient Hindu scriptures - "Ramayana", wheels chariots and horses existed and prevalent during the "Treta Yuga" about a million year ago.
* The wheel most likely originated in ancient Mesopotamia in the 4th millennium BC. The wheel reached ancient India with the Indus Valley Civilization in the 3rd millennium BC[citation needed]. Near the northern side of the Caucasus several graves were found, in which since 3700 BC people had been buried on wagons or carts (both types). The earliest depiction of what may be a wheeled vehicle (here a wagon—four wheels, two axles), is on the Bronocice pot, a ca. 3500 BC clay pot excavated in southern Poland.[4]
* The wheel reached Europe and India (the Indus Valley civilization) in the 4th millennium BC...
Well, did the wheel reach India in the 3rd or 4th millenium? Herostratus (talk) 02:06, 6 April 2008 (UTC)
Rollers
I think that the use of logs as rollers for moving heaving objects should be mentioned in the history section, but I don't know enough to put it in authoritatively. Ccrrccrr (talk) 17:34, 13 July 2008 (UTC)
I suggest a little experimental archeology demonstrates very quickly that under normal circumstances trying to move a heavy load using rollers simply doesn't work. The rollers sink and the force necessary to rotate them is generally greater than the torque from friction can develop. On a very firm surface (such as a paved road) the rollers rotate, but even then if they are simply hewn from available timber and not carefully shaped they still don't work.
AIUI all experiments demonstrate that when moving a heavy load some sort of lubricated slide is much more effective - always assuming that there is no access to water borne transportation.
The crucial misunderstanding is that it is not the wheel which is the important development, but that of the axle. Many of the ancient drawings would seem to be not of rollers, but of thin greased slides on supporting logs.
Dave —Preceding unsigned comment added by Drg40 (talk • contribs) 12:28, 2 September 2009 (UTC)
Stones have been used as ball bearings in sluices made of wood. A heavy object was rolled on the ball bearinga.
The concept of the rolling log and/or ball bearing could have given rise to the concept of a primitive wheel. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:08, 8 May 2013 (UTC)
Wheel example
The example for adding 4 wheels is incorrect. It doesn't matter that the sliding distance is reduced. The work is computed over the distance that the force is applied. If you push a cart 10m, then you have applied a force over 10m, regardless of whether the cart has wheels or not.
So, the computation should be: 981 x 0.1 x 10 = 981 joules —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:56, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
* The example looks at the frictional surface force. Looking at the primary driving force is also valid, but needs another step. The driving force would not be 981N, I'll leave it to you to work out what it is, and do the final sum. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:00, 26 October 2008 (UTC)
Earlier dates for the spoked wheel
In fall of 2008, the German magazine Spiegel featured a cave painting in which a person is very clearly shown to be riding in a chariot featuring spoked wheels. http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/fotostrecke-37708-4.html The byline for this photo states that it is a cave painting from 7,000 years ago, taken in the Libyan desert. If this information is in fact correct, it is visible evidence that the spoked wheel existed long before the earliest dates/ pictures mentioned in this Wikipedia article.
I am not allowed to edit this article, so I would like to request that a more qualified person please examine this evidence to determine whether adjustments should be made.
Thank you. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cognates (talk • contribs)
* ❌ Needs a stronger, more reliable source IMO. -Unpopular Opinion (talk · contribs) 08:24, 18 December 2008 (UTC)
* Agreed. It certainly *looks* like a picture of a spoked wheel, but it could also be (e.g.) a solid wheel with decorative patterning, or banding for reinforcement. And the caption is somewhat ambiguous - while it looks like it's saying that this painting is 7,000 years old, it could be read somewhat differently. ("Here's a cave painting. Some cave paintings are as old as 7,000 years.") Things like this are horribly easy to misinterpret without a solid background in the field in question (which is where secondary sources come in). --GenericBob (talk) 05:08, 22 April 2009 (UTC)
This article needs to say this:
Please correct it! You should definitely include that the oldest wheel IN THE WORLD was found in 2002 in Slovenia: http://www.angelfire.com/country/veneti/AmerDomoOldestWheel.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:05, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
* This wheel is dated "second half of the fourth millennium BC" i.e. 3000-3500 BC. Also "similar wheels of approximately the same age have to date been found only in Switzerland and in south-western Germany" (Living on the lake in prehistoric Europe, Ed by Francesco Menotti, 2004, pp. 77-78) <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:56, 19 June 2009 (UTC)
Cucuteni-Trypillian cow-on-wheels, 3950-3650 BC
Cucuteni-Trypillian cow-on-wheels, 3950-3650 BC http://mathildasanthropologyblog.wordpress.com/2008/11/19/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:57, 31 May 2009 (UTC)
* Note that for this model, no scientific literature exists that could prove the find location or chronology. Its all a fancy guess or even a fake. Thus it should be removed.2A02:8108:9640:AC3:7C23:2EE5:3189:CA98 (talk) 14:25, 18 March 2020 (UTC)
The Wheel on America
The article provides no information of the usage (or lack of) by precolumbine civilizations in the american continent. I think a note about this should be included somewhere.
~Didn't Americans invent the wheel? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:15, 13 October 2009 (UTC)
Smithsonian aricle
Here's the article in the Smithsonian
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/A-Salute-to-the-Wheel.html
A Salute to the Wheel
Always cited as the hallmark of man’s innovation, here is the real story behind the wheel – from its origins to its reinvention
By Megan Gambino
Smithsonian.com, June 18, 2009
This entry should be revised. "a wheeled vehicle can only be used when harnessed to a draft animal" is clearly wrong. The Greeks used wheelbarrows. That whole paragraph seems to be more of an essay- and WP:OR-type of writing, which is not Wikipedia style.
I don't know why this entry should be limited to the wheel as transportation. As the Smithsonian article says, the potter's wheel predates the use of the wheel for transportation, and the water wheel was a significant source of power. The wheel had symbolic meaning and the Wheel of Fortune, rotam fortuna, was very important to Chaucer and throughout the middle ages. --Nbauman (talk) 16:06, 10 December 2009 (UTC)
Earliest wheel evidence
The history section now says this:
* Near the northern side of the Caucasus several graves were found, in which since 3700 BC people had been buried on wagons and carts.
Also, it's completely unsourced and should removed. I know there are no reliable sources that will confirm any of this, the oldest validated evidence for the wheel used for transportation dates from 3,400 BC with inconclusive evidence dating from 3,600 BC. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Devijvers (talk • contribs) 19:39, 4 January 2010 (UTC)
* Correct. Please see Holm (2019, referenced in the article) for the newest scientific data.2A02:8108:9640:AC3:7C23:2EE5:3189:CA98 (talk) 14:28, 18 March 2020 (UTC)
Wheels troughout history.JPG
The image used to illustrate uses "DC" for a dating system. What does that mean? Shouldn't it be changed to AD or CE? Slac speak up! 06:05, 16 March 2010 (UTC)
there are other issues with this image. It's based on a sound idea, but it is a bad idea to include the caption within the image because any change to the caption means the entire image needs to be re-uploaded. It would be better to have the individual drawings as separate images so they can be transcluded and annotated as part of the editing process. --dab (𒁳) 12:13, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
wheels in Neolithic Europe
re this, it is true that you won't find 4th millennium BC wheels in Scandinavia, or Germany, or Britain, but the wheel had certainly reached the Balkans (Vinca, Cucuteni) by the mid 4th millennium. --dab (𒁳) 08:09, 30 March 2010 (UTC)
* In addition: The sentence "The Ljubljana Marshes Wooden Wheel, the world's oldest known wooden wheel, dating from 4101 ± 118 cal.BC (by CalPal from 5,250 ± 100 BP) as part of Globular Amphora Culture, was discovered by Slovenian archeologists in 2002.[3]" appears mistaken because of the date, which would be a sensation. If the writer means "b2k" instead of BP, which in combination with the scatter suggests a C14 date, he should SIMPLY give the date calBC, or whatever s/he really means or knows for sure. Meanwhile I delete my calibration. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:30, 15 February 2014 (UTC)
Wheel and chaiots were invented in middle east not poland.
How could you extrapolate a chaiot form that polish motif, I can bring "depictions of chariots" much mch older from göbekli tepe, çatal höyük, ubaid, jamdat nasser.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Wazazbronocic.GIF
For example the 7000 years libyan depiction of chariot is far more convincing than that of Poland.
http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/fotostrecke-37708-4.html
There was no such early indo-europeans nor Semites in poland as 3500 bc nor in mesopotamia before 2800 bc.
So the oldest cart,chariot is the mesopotamian one.
Please correct this article.
Thank you for your attention
Humanbyrace (talk) 12:32, 28 April 2010 (UTC)
Humanbyrace, you have been active on Wikipedia for close to two years. I think you could be expected to have a grasp of WP:RS and WP:V by now. Your link to a Spiegel online photo gallery is not a reference. The Bronocice pot claim is referenced to Anthony (2007), p. 67. If you have a reference contradicting Anthony (2007), bring it forward, but the burden is on you to present proper citation. We only report what our references say, we do not report the "truth". If you can show us a 7,000 year old image of a chariot, please be our guest. Or perhaps you should contact Nature immediately and be a famous discoverer. The petroglyphs in your Spiegel link are probably less than 4,000 years old. This was just a journalist compiling some clip-art. But feel free to prove me wrong by citing an actual scholarly reference. --dab (𒁳) 09:46, 30 April 2010 (UTC)
Bornoncie pot does NOT look like a wheel whence I've read that first real physical remains of wheel were found in Syria-Iraq
Humanbyrace (talk) 07:54, 13 September 2010 (UTC)
* Stuart Piggott in his book The Earliest Wheeled Transport (1983) provides fairly compelling evidence that wheeled vehicles originated in Poland among the TRB (Funnel Beaker) people. Just to put this into context, Anatolia may have had the world's most technologically advanced culture circa 7500 BC. However, by 7000 BC the center of gravity had begun to diffuse. By 5500 BC the East Balkans had the world's most advanced technology. By 4000 BC center of gravity had shifted again to NE Romania, by 3500 BC to Kiev, and by 3000 back around to Mesopotamia.
* The TRB people were the successors to the earlier LBK culture which, circa 5500 BC, was the first neolithic culture in the region of Poland/Belarus. According to Piggott, the oldest inconclusive evidence for the existence of wheeled vehicles is a cave painting of what appears to be a wagon, associated with the TRB culture and dated 4000 BC +- 500 years. The next oldest evidence comes from clay models of wagons, pulled by miniature oxen attached with yokes and yoke-poles. (The wheels even have naves.) Several of the clay models have been found, also from TRB sites, often from contexts that provided over 100 independent radiocarbon dates at different levels. The dates at about 3500 - 3300 BC.
* Continuing with Piggott' story, the oldest actual remains of a wheeled vehicle is from a lake bed in Switzerland dated 3050 BC +- 50 years. Two bog sites, one in Denmark, the other in The Netherlands, are tied for second place at 2950BC +- 50.
* Then there's the famous Sumerian bas relief of what appears to be a sled or, more likely, a chariot. No radiocarbon date available, it was initially dated 2700 BC +- 500. Then older find began turning up in Europe, at which point someone started changing the date on the Sumerian bas relief, presumably on the grounds that "everyone knows the Sumerians invented the wheel."
* Chapter One of The Earliest Wheeled Transport is about the definition of "wheel." Piggott explains how, in the broadest sense, the fire-drill could be considered a type of "wheel" in that it makes use of the principle of rotary motion. He acknowledges that the potter's wheel is definitely a type of wheel, and certainly older than any wheeled vehicles. However, he says that people before about the first millennium BC weren't really accustomed to thinking of engineering in terms of general principles. The example he sites is the water wells of the Indus Valley civilization, which operate on the same principle as the arch (i.e., wedge-shaped stones forming a circle). However, the Indus Valley civilization never developed the arch, even though they were already making use of the underlying principle. Similarly, potter's wheels didn't automatically translate into wheeled vehicles or vice versa. Zyxwv99 (talk) 01:39, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
Critical Angle Formula
Could we show how this is derived? If not on the actual page could somebody show me here? Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:18, 19 June 2010 (UTC)
Mechanics and function
I find this section almost unintelligible to illustrate my point, item 1 in the first list includes two terms, "normal force" and "sliding interface". I'm guessing normal force is either some term specific to mechanics or indicates a force acting perpendicular to the surface the wheel is rolling on. I've no idea what sliding interface is, the road?
Item 2 in the same list just doesn't make any sense at all, "sliding distance" that one leaves me absolutely clueless.
I've no objection to the use of specialized terms because I appreciate the difficulty in describing even simple mechanisms but they should be defined or referenced in some manner.
Wheels work for two reasons, they transfer the momentum of the object being moved so it acts about the axle. They reduce friction through two means, reducing surface contact and transferring the load of the object to a discreet area that can be easily lubricated i.e. the axle.
* I am working on a complete re-write of the section, including free-body diagrams, and example calculations for two different friction values at the bearing. An approximation in the current calculation produces an error of only 3% in this example, but as bearing friction and bearing diameter increase the error increases quite badly. Jimbowley (talk) 14:33, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
Common examples
"Common examples are... and the rollers on an aircraft flap mechanism." is a terrible example. To the vast majority of people it is an obscure example, not to mention that the vast majority of aircraft in the world have simpler flaps that do not deploy by rolling along flap tracks. I would like to change it to "wheels on a bicycle".--MiG82au (talk) 11:26, 4 March 2012 (UTC)
* Go for it. Dougweller (talk) 11:42, 4 March 2012 (UTC)
Earliest wheel
Turkish archeologists report of a discovery of the oldest wheel, 7500 years old. I don't know how credible is the claim. --Eleassar my talk 21:50, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
* Until an article published in an academic journal is cited, the claim should be regarded as spurious, because many "findings" there are fake. Stone can't be carbon dated... --Eleassar my talk 11:25, 12 June 2012 (UTC)
* Correct. Please see Holm (2019, referenced in the main article, for more details).2A02:8108:9640:AC3:7C23:2EE5:3189:CA98 (talk) 14:30, 18 March 2020 (UTC)
Semiotics article
Can someone please fix that empty space... move the photos below the paragraph... because scrolling down with paragraphs and then coming through an empty space is an annoyance. user:Nusent 22:58, 21 September 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
* The empty space is caused by the images on the right of the article. One possible solution is to move those side images into a gallery. Another (possibly more reasonable) solution is to delete all but the most important images. Kind regards, <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:47, 22 September 2012 (UTC)
Extent of use in Australia and New Guinea
What is the evidence of pre-colonial use of the wheel in Australia or New Guinea?CountMacula (talk) 00:51, 8 July 2013 (UTC)
History
I cancelled the note that the Ljubljana wheel connected with the Globular Amphorae Culture. Neither is that noted in the adduced article, nor did that culture reach so far to the south. Correct would be the Early Baden Culture. HJJHolm (talk) 16:04, 28 February 2014 (UTC)
WW I heavy artillery wheels
I think there should be some mention of these. They had large links over the wheel, like a chain, but the links were flat panels that really maximized gound contact. This could be in the same section as modern snow chains. Those kind of wheels were also used on some mine clearing wehicles during WW II. An example is the "Alkett Minenraumer" (or possibly Minenräumer). Pictures here. GMRE (talk) 15:49, 29 July 2014 (UTC)
* I don't think these should be covered in this article. I don't know for sure, but I would bet much that the all-terrain-plates are just add-ons to the wheel itself, and that they were taken down for transport on good roads. So we're not looking at some special kind of wheel at all. German WP has its own article about them: Radgürtel (i.e. "wheel-belt"). If not in its own article, it seems to me more fitting that this could be added to Caterpillar tracks. I don't understand your point about "modern snow chains", there's nothing about them in the article at the moment, and rightly so in my opinion.
* (As for "Minenraumer": You're absolutely right: there definitely is no such thing in German military history. It must be "Minenräumer".)
* --BjKa (talk) 13:53, 17 November 2016 (UTC)
* A late reply, but I just saw this and figured out that the English version is the dreadnaught wheel, and this could be a good addition as a later chapter of that story, if GMRE wants to add it there. And perhaps a link that that from this article would be good.
* Ccrrccrr (talk) 14:22, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
* I didn't even know that there was an article for them. Of course they should be mentioned in this article. GMRE (talk) 13:58, 6 December 2020 (UTC)
Putting the cart before the horse?
The article says this:
* Nubians from after about 400 BC used wheels for spinning pottery and as water wheels.[9] It is thought that Nubian waterwheels may have been ox-driven[10] It is also known that Nubians used horse-driven chariots imported from Egypt.[11]
It would seem illogical to have a horse drive a chariot. Shouldn't it be "human-driven"? Actually, I think I'll just change it to "horse-drawn". Dynasteria (talk) 14:01, 21 December 2014 (UTC)
Western hemisphere?
In the history section, I have substituted "the Americas" for "the Western hemisphere". Technically the western hemisphere includes part of Britain, which certainly had horses and wheels in the Bronze Age.Darorcilmir (talk) 10:09, 19 February 2016 (UTC)
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Linchpin
No mention is made of the Linchpin. I suggest it should be - but I don't have the "courage" to enter it! --Osborne 19:24, 8 September 2016 (UTC)
Irrelevant Question
hey is this editing thing working?? new here BluishGreenishBlurryface (talk) 05:04, 13 July 2016 (UTC)
* BluishGreenishBlurryface, yes it is. Do you have a comment about the article? --Neil N talk to me 05:12, 13 July 2016 (UTC)
* Neil N , Nope, I was just checking. Thanks!BluishGreenishBlurryface (talk) 04:37, 21 September 2016 (UTC)
(Wow. Three days of editing from that user resulting in an indefinite block. I hope that's a record.) --BjKa (talk) 14:57, 17 November 2016 (UTC)
Fundamental question about wheel and axle
I am questioning the functioning of any load carrying wheel so-called wheel before the invention of the metal axle, which would have prevented wood-rubbing-wood friction and a resulting fire. As important as this question is, none of the axle, wheel or axle and wheel articles mentions it.Phmoreno (talk) 21:03, 25 September 2016 (UTC)
* The invention of axle grease would also have prevented wood-on-wood friction. It would be interesting to see sources on how early wheel builders chose their materials to minimize the risk of ignition. Just plain Bill (talk) 22:53, 25 September 2016 (UTC)
* This question is important because if metal axle or bushings were required, then you wouldn't have had a wheel without metal. For certain the wheel without a metal axle or bushing would have been of very limited usefulness, axle grease or not. Also, metal tools would have been required to build anything but the crudest wheel.Phmoreno (talk)
* Who says that "metal axle or bushings were required"? Also, skilled work can be done with hand tools, whether metal or knapped stone.
* I'm familiar enough with the history of technology to know that there was little skilled woodworking until metal tools were developed, especially iron and steel tools, because they were cheaper and therefore more widespread. All one has to do to understand what it was like when people only had stone tools is to read the accounts the Spanish explorers regarding the native Americans. See: Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca's account for example.Phmoreno (talk) 00:39, 26 September 2016 (UTC)
* If this question does expose a deficit in the article, how would you propose to remedy it? Just plain Bill (talk) 23:55, 25 September 2016 (UTC)
* I posted this here hoping someone would know the answer. If no one does I will try to get in touch with a museum.Phmoreno (talk) 00:32, 26 September 2016 (UTC)
* OK, so it is about the timeline of metalworking wrt. woodworking, not so much about the "resulting fire." Got it. Just plain Bill (talk) 01:31, 26 September 2016 (UTC)
Both questions remain in my mind. Someone familiar enough with a chariot axle should be able to shed light on the problem.Phmoreno (talk) 02:23, 26 September 2016 (UTC)
I found the answer to the axle question here:
According to Bela Sandor, professor emeritus of engineering physics at University of Wisconsin at Madison:
"King Tut chariots appear to be the first mechanical systems which combine kinematics, dynamics and lubrication principles. 'The bearings are built exploiting the modern principle of a hard material against a soft material, and by applying animal fat between the surfaces. The grease reduces friction and increases running duration,' said Rovetta When set in motion, immediately after initial start-up, the friction between the wood of the bearing, the grease and the wood of the wheel pivot heat the grease.King Tut chariots appear to be the first mechanical systems which combine kinematics, dynamics and lubrication principles. 'The bearings are built exploiting the modern principle of a hard material against a soft material, and by applying animal fat between the surfaces. The grease reduces friction and increases running duration,' said Rovetta When set in motion, immediately after initial start-up, the friction between the wood of the bearing, the grease and the wood of the wheel pivot heat the grease."Phmoreno (talk) 18:37, 5 April 2017 (UTC)
What does "The Wheel" actually mean?
Several of the problems discussed in earlier sections of this talkpage in my opinion stem from the fact that when the general talk is about "The Wheel", its invention and its cultural impact, then from an engineering standpoint, this is actually just a convenient shorthand to talk about the invention of the axle and bearing. I can't think of any "Wheel" in the sense which the article tries to cover, which exists without the additional parts of an axle and a bearing(*) - while some wooden round disk that rolls is obviously not much of an invention in itself. My point being that "The Wheel" often does not really mean the technical part called "wheel" at all, but the complete assembly which is needed to make a cart/wagon/chariot possible. Maybe the article should reflect this situation better and distinguish between the invention of the axle and bearing on one side, and the progress made on the wheel itself (spokes, etc.) on the other. (* OK, some casters may have balls and no definite axle, but this concept makes the properties of the bearing even more important, and clearly has no cultural impact on the "History of The Wheel".) --BjKa (talk) 14:57, 17 November 2016 (UTC)
* Agreed. I think the lede, or an early section, needs to clarify those different meanings of the term and what the article is about. The article could then either be bifurcated into one about the rolling transport application device, and one that talks about wheels more generally. Part of the problem is that there's a wheel and axle article that is also confused in the same way, being primarily about achieving mechanical advantage(simple machine) through the use of inputs and outputs at different radii, whereas the rolling transportation application also requires a wheel and axle. There are several possible ways to structure the articles, including also Bearing which is also a little confused, focusing primarily on rolling element bearings and underemphasizing the plain bearing.
* Ccrrccrr (talk) 14:58, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 26 December 2016
I would like to add a citation needed to the page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel. In what appears to be the 10th paragraph of the History section, this statement appears: It is thought that the primary obstacle to large-scale development of the wheel in the Americas was the absence of domesticated large animals which could be used to pull wheeled carriages.[citation needed]
A good source for this is the book Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond, p. 237. ISBN 978-0-393-31788-8. Thanks in advance for your help! Nm47867 (talk) 17:46, 26 December 2016 (UTC)
* It's also because there were no iron tools or iron axles.Phmoreno (talk) 01:40, 27 December 2016 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. B E C K Y S A Y L E S 21:06, 29 December 2016 (UTC)
removing comma
I noticed an unnecessary comma. "either by way of gravity, or by the application". The comma before the conjunction and on gravity is rendered useless. Fawxplus (talk) 21:34, 20 February 2017 (UTC)
* Yes check.svg Done — Train2104 (t • c) 22:05, 20 February 2017 (UTC)
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maybe it should be listed somewhere how important its invention was
the wheel is in use today in many devices. its historical significance is undoubtful. it stabds out as one of the most important inventions of all time. maybe something should be written about that.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:58, 11 March 2018 (UTC)
Necessity is the mother of invention. They used a sleighs firstly but with rainy global warming invented wheeled wagons.
* They 'harvested first reeds for thatched sheds'. Pooling reds is hard task whiteout proper tools but on ice one can do it easily with wooden stick (cut by beavers?), stroking close to ice surface. Next turom turzyca, which also can be similarly harvested on ice, for for luring in winter animals in wooden fences. Such wooden ponds constructed first tribes in north America so this technology is +15ky old. Then domestication and sleighs (firs long before dog sleighs) with strong animals, then wheels because what for wheels without domesticated pullers in a harness. Imo Hars harness first. (tb) There is even folk song about this "aha! Hary żyją mied z turówką piją, z góry spoglądają ... <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:38, 5 July 2018 (UTC)
Era
Per MOS:ERA, I harmonized all of the BC/BCE references to BCE and added hard spaces (along with a few other copy edits while I was there). While this ended up changing most of them from BC to BCE, I chose BCE because the article used almost exclusively BCE until a couple of weeks ago when another anon inconsistently changed most of them without discussion (diff), which runs counter to MOS:ERA, and left several instances of BCE still in the article. 2607:F2C0:EB78:3:D8A7:EFCA:E4E:23A7 (talk) 20:31, 11 January 2019 (UTC)
Harappans
I have removed dubious claims that implied that the Harappans had spoked wheels. See, for example, this source. -- Kautilya3 (talk) 09:25, 24 May 2019 (UTC)
I expected much more history and for it to be better subsectioned
I expected to read about the proto-Indoeuropean use of the spoked wheel and chariot as well as it's widespread use in both ancient Indian epics as well as ancient Indian history. The spoked wheel was hugely important in ancient India. Well traveled thoroughfares commonly had groves dug in from the high amounts of wheel traffic. Viṣṇu is said to have used a wheel as a weapon. The entire article is lacking and apparently has been for several years. Lastly, spoked-wheel aside, it's perhaps important to relate how important the wheel was to civilization aside from transportation. A class-based society forms after someone has storage containers. Those who stored seeds (and alcohol) in clay pots could not only survive through the rough times, but this also led to commerce. People who stored things could them sell them to those who couldn't (thus we buy things from a "store"). Once the potters wheel came to an area, pottery could be produced much faster—making them cheaper and more common. This would have increased the number of people who could store and plan for the long term, ultimately lowing the gap between classes. The wheel was also hugely important for making containers for brewing alcohol. One strongly supported theory for why people started settling down and growing massive fields of food is because of our desire for alcohol. That's a lot to unpack and I also left out details for brevity, but all that to say that a ton of work needs to be done on the history.--2604:2E89:B579:0:446A:9DE2:E031:DC2 (talk) 00:25, 30 September 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
William Gaines (disambiguation)
William Gaines (1922–1992) was an American publisher, notably of Mad magazine.
William Gaines may also refer to:
* William E. Gaines (1844–1912), U.S. Representative from Virginia
* William Gaines (professor) (1933–2016), American journalist and professor
* William Gaines (American football) (born 1971), American footballer
* Bill Gaines (basketball) (born 1946), retired basketball guard
* William Gaines (minister and community leader), a freed slave who was a minister and community representative during the Reconstruction Era in Georgia | WIKI |
De Robeck
Baron de Robeck is a title of the head of the Irish Fock family which has its origins in Sweden. Jakob Constantin Fock, a Swedish landowner, had bought the Räbäck estate in the parish of Medelplana, Skaraborg County in the province of Västergötland, and after serving as the acting governor there three times, he was created a friherre in 1778 by King Gustav III. His son Johan Henrik, after fighting in the American War of Independence, moved to England and was naturalised as a British subject under the name "John Henry Fock, called Baron de Robeck", by an Act of the British Parliament in 1789.
His son (John Michael) Henry, the 3rd Baron, lived in Ireland and was appointed High Sheriff of Kildare for 1834, High Sheriff of County Dublin for 1838 and High Sheriff of Wicklow for 1839. His marriage in 1820 to the Hon. Mary Lawless, daughter of Valentine Lawless, 2nd Baron Cloncurry and Elizabeth Morgan, became a subject of much gossip when she divorced him to marry Lord Sussex Lennox (her parents had also divorced). The 4th Baron, John Henry, Master of the Kildare Hunt, served as High Sheriff for 1859, Deputy Lieutenant and justice of the peace for County Kildare and also as High Sheriff of Wicklow for 1884. He built Gowran Grange in Swordlestown in 1857 as a family seat. The 5th Baron, Henry Edward, was Master of the Kildare Hunt, a justice of the peace and Deputy Lieutenant. His younger brother was Admiral of the Fleet Sir John de Robeck, 1st Baronet, commander of the Allied naval force in the Dardanelles during World War I. The 6th Baron, Brigadier John Henry Edward, was a British Army artillery officer in both World Wars. The 7th baron, Martin, was chairman of Punchestown Racecourse along with many others. The current Baron is Charles John Martin.
Barons de Robeck
Fock family members who have used the title Baron de Robeck
* Baron Jakob Constantin Fock (1724–1803)
* Johan Henrik Fock, 2nd Baron de Robeck (1753–1817)
* John Michael Henry Fock, 3rd Baron de Robeck (c. 1790 – 1856)
* John Henry Edward Fock, 4th Baron de Robeck (1823–1904)
* Henry Edward William Fock, 5th Baron Robeck (1859–1929)
* John Henry Edward Fock, 6th Baron Robeck (1895–1965)
* Martin John Michael Fock, 7th Baron de Robeck (1941–1996)
* Charles John Martin Fock, 8th Baron de Robeck (born 1973) | WIKI |
How to control WordPress Heartbeat API with WP Thor HeartBeat Plugin
WordPress
WordPress
How much do you know of what the WordPress Heartbeat API does to your site? Especially if you are logged in as admin and have your post page open. The WordPress Heartbeat API, introduced in WordPress 3.6 – allows your browser to communicate with the server when you’re logged into the WordPress admin panel.
You can refer to it as a “beat” and is responsible for revision tracking, session management, showing other authors that a post is being edited by another user, plugins can hook up to those “beat’s” and show you notifications in real-time and more.
The beat is around 98 Bytes in size, but it can cause performance issues in certain situations.
On different pages, Heartbeat makes checks on different periods – on post edit, it makes it every 15 seconds on the post admin, on your Dashboard – every minute, etc.
The API uses the /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php file to make AJAX calls. If you notice a significant amount of POST requests by that file or you have been contacted by your hosting company that your account is using too many resources and cite POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php as the cause, it’s likely due to the Heartbeat API.
The problem is compounded by the fact that each user who has access to the backend of WordPress generates a “beat”. As the number of users navigating the WordPress backend simultaneously increases, so does the number of beats generated from the API.
You can limit the work of the Heartbeat API or you can stop it completely, by using the WP Thor HeartBeat Plugin. With the WP Thor HeartBeat Plugin, you can change the frequency of the “beat” or you can switch off the heartbeat completely.
Personally I have it switched off heartbeat, as I do not do any writing (no need for revisions), just some final edits are all I do. I use Google Drive to write my blog entries. We are all different, and I do recommend that if you’re more than one person working in the WordPress admin, that you have Heartbeat on.
You could consider also to use WP Thor HeartBeat Plugin, If a web hosting provider has strict limits on the number of processes or resources used, you could easily go over the limit.
If you need to use the WP Thor HeartBeat Plugin, simply install WP Thor HeartBeat Plugin by following the standard instructions on how to install WordPress plugins and activate it. Then go to WP Thor Heartbeat and in general settings select the heartbeat frequency. Finally, save the settings and that’s it.
If you want to, you can set heartbeat to work from different locations only – like on your post and edit pages for example.
How it works
When the admin web page loads, the client-side heartbeat code sets up an interval to run every 15-60 seconds. When it runs, the heartbeat gathers data to send via a jQuery event, then sends this to the server and waits for a response. On the server, an admin-ajax handler takes the passed data, prepares a response, filters the response, then returns the data in JSON format. The client receives this data and fires a final jQuery event to indicate the data has been received.
Try the WP Thor HeartBeat Plugin to limit the number of requests going from client-side browsers to the backend server. Not only will it mean fewer requests to the server, but it may lead to a performance increase as well. It’s a “free” plugin so try it today.
Leave a reply:
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Talk:Athens–Lavrion Railway
A link from Attiki to SPAP system?
Some sources, e.g. the maps in the books by W. Simms and by J. Organ and the history once on OSE website ("From 1925 the Electric Company of Transports ((HEM) takes over the operation of the line Athens – Kifisia. Four years later (1929) they buy the railway Iraklio – Lavrio and in the same year the railway station of Athens from the Lavrio square is transferred to the Peloponnesus station of SPAP.") indicate that there would have been a link from Attiki to some point of the SPAP line. The distance is small, only some 100..200 m. It is not mentioned, or shown in the diagrams, of this article. Is it so that such a link never existed? --Sivullinen (talk) 20:57, 7 November 2010 (UTC)
* There was such a link but there is not enough text in the article to add one more line diagram template. However the diagram is available: [[User:Sv1xv/Sandbox#Attica Railways successors (1929-1931)|Attica Railways successors (1929-1931)
)]]. SV1XV (talk) 04:56, 8 November 2010 (UTC) | WIKI |
Name
ntpshmmon — capture samples from gpsd or other ntpd refclock sources
Synopsis
ntpshmmon [-? ] [-h ] [-n nsamples] [-o ] [-s ] [-t nseconds] [-v ] [-V ]
DESCRIPTION
This program monitors the shared-memory segments updated by gpsd(8) , and possibly other refclock sources, as a way of communicating with ntpd, the Network Time Protocol daemon. It reads these in exactly the way an ntpd instance does. It can be run concurrently with ntpd without interfering with ntpd's normal operation.
This program runs forever, or until a termination option is matched, or until interrupted, generating sample reports to standard output. Each line consists of whitespace-separated textual fields.
Here is an example of the beginning of a report file:
ntpshmmon version 3.18
# Name Seen@ Clock Real L Pre
sample NTP2 1424926256.443030206 1424926256.115869233 1424926256.000000000 0 -1
sample NTP3 1424926256.443060517 1424926255.995430821 1424926256.000000000 0 -20
sample NTP3 1424926256.995747347 1424926256.995422728 1424926257.000000000 0 -20
sample NTP2 1424926257.112433572 1424926257.111936726 1424926257.000000000 0 -1
sample NTP3 1424926257.996221153 1424926257.995410232 1424926258.000000000 0 -20
sample NTP2 1424926258.107769409 1424926258.107451006 1424926258.000000000 0 -1
sample NTP3 1424926258.995647636 1424926258.995406476 1424926259.000000000 0 -20
The output always begins with a header line expressing the version of the output format; the version line begins with "ntpshmmon version" and is followed by a numeric version field.
The remainder of the file is either commments or sample lines. A comment line begins with a # and should ignored by programs that interpret this format.
The fields of a sample line are as follows:
1. The keyword "sample"
2. The NTP unit from which it was collected.
3. Collection time of day, seconds.
4. Receiver time of day, seconds.
5. Clock time of day, seconds.
6. Leap-second notification status.
7. Source precision (log(2) of source jitter).
In these fields, "clock time" is the high-precision system clock time measured by the source and "receiver time" is from the receiver. Both times are in UTC. It is normal for the seconds part of receiver time to coincide with the seconds part of collection time and for the nanoseconds part of receiver time to be zero.
If the -o option is used, the "Seen@" column is replaced with the "Offset" column. The "Offset" is the difference between "Clock" and "Real" times.
OPTIONS
-?
Display program usage and exit.
-h
Display program usage and exit.
-n
Set maximum number of samples to collect.
-o
Replace the "Seen@" column with the "Offset" column. The "Offset" is the difference between "Clock" and "Real" times.
-s
Remove all SHM segments used by GPSD. This option will normally only be of interest to GPSD developers.
-t
Set maximum time to collect samples in seconds.
-v
Enable verbose status messages.
-V
Display program version and exit.
SEE ALSO
gpsd(8), gpsdctl(8), gps(1), libgps(3), libgpsmm(3), gpsprof(1), gpsfake(1).
AUTHOR
Eric S. Raymond . | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Dutch cricket team in Scotland in 2011
The Netherlands toured Scotland from 21 June to 29 June 2011. The tour originally consisted of three Twenty20 Internationals (T20) and one ICC Intercontinental Cup match, but the Twenty20 Internationals were replaced by a pair of One Day Internationals (ODI). | WIKI |
Integrating with GitLab CI/CD
With GitLab CI/CD you can automated all the steps required to build, test and deploy your code. Typically teams use GitLab to store their source code, and with the CI/CD capabilities they also build and test their code inside GitLab by creating pipelines to streamline building and testing the code before being deployed.
As part of the pipeline, teams will commonly want to run their automated tests. To improve visibility into your automated tests and manage all your test cases and test results—both manual and automated—more easily, you can send your automated test results directly from GitLab to TestRail. In this article, we will explore how you can take advantage of GitLab CI/CD and the TestRail CLI to easily accomplish this task.
Please note that the TestRail CLI requires that a compatible JUnit report is generated by your test automation framework.
In this example, we will be using GitLab CI/CD along with Playwright.
Using the TestRail CLI in GitLab pipelines
GitLab pipelines can be created by adding a .gitlab-ci.yml file to the root of a GitLab repository. This file allows you to specify your processes in a structured manner using YML syntax. You can define the multiple stages of your pipeline using jobs that may run either sequentially or in parallel.
The easiest way to integrate TestRail with GitLab CI/CD is by configuring the TestRail CLI to send automated test results to TestRail in one of the stages in your .gitlab-ci.yml file. Below is a sample of how a GitLab pipeline using Playwright as test automation framework and the TestRail CLI to send test results to TestRail would look like.
stages:
- playwright_tests
- trcli_results_upload
playwright_tests:
stage: playwright_tests
image: node:latest
artifacts:
when: always
paths:
- test-results/
allow_failure: true
script:
- npm install
- npx playwright install-deps
- npx playwright install
- npx playwright test
trcli_results_upload:
stage: trcli_results_upload
image: python:latest
dependencies:
- playwright_tests
script: |
pip install trcli
trcli -y \
-h https://TESTRAIL_INSTANCE.testrail.io/ \
--project "PROJECT NAME" \
-u USER_EMAIL \
-p PASSWORD \
parse_junit \
-f "test-results/junit-report.xml" \
--run-description "URL: $CI_PIPELINE_URL" \
--title "Automated Tests from GitLab CI/CD"
Breaking down the file, there are a couple of details you should pay attention to:
• There are two jobs defined in this pipeline file:
1. playwright_tests where we execute our sample automated tests project
2. trcli_results_upload where we upload the generated results to TestRail
• By default, jobs are executed in parallel. In this case, we want to send the results after the automated tests have finished executing, so we are using the stages section to specify the order in which the jobs should be executed.
• In order to share the generated artifacts, in this case our JUnit results file, we declare the artifacts path in the playwright_tests job set it in the dependencies of the trcli_results_upload job.
In this example, test execution and results upload happen in two different jobs because they use different technologies, so they need a suitable container image to run. If you want to have both in the same job, you will need to create a container with both Node.js and Python.
You can learn more about pipeline features on the official GitLab CI/CD documentation.
Step 1: Execute Playwright automated tests
The playwright_tests job runs on a Node.js container, which has the main technologies under which Playwright can be executed.
As previously mentioned, the artifacts parameter is necessary to make the JUnit report available in the following job, to be parsed by the TestRail CLI. Notice the when: always parameter, which is necessary so that artifacts are kept even if the job fails due to automated tests also failing. The paths parameter consists of the list of paths we want to make available, in this case the test-results/ folder, which is where we have the Playwright project configured to output the JUnit report to.
The allow_failure parameter is used so that the pipeline executes the next step even if tests fail, so the test results can be uploaded to TestRail.
The script is made of a list of shell commands, starting by installing the Playwright project and it's dependencies and finally executing the automated tests.
playwright_tests:
stage: playwright_tests
image: node:latest
artifacts:
when: always
paths:
- test-results/
allow_failure: true
script:
- npm install
- npx playwright install-deps
- npx playwright install
- npx playwright test
Step 2: Upload results to TestRail
The trcli_upload_results job runs a shell script on a Python container to install and call the TestRail CLI, in order to parse the JUnit report generated by Playwright and send the results to TestRail.
The dependencies parameter is necessary so that this job has access to the playwright_tests JUnit results file, essential to the results upload.
The TestRail CLI is a Python packages hosted on the Python Package Index (PyPI) so, in order to install it, we simply execute the command pip install trcli.
After the TestRail CLI is installed, there are a few mandatory arguments such as your TestRail instance address and credentials, the project you want to report to, the title for your test run and the path to the JUnit report. The run description argument is not mandatory, but we recommend using it to add a link from TestRail to your GitLab pipeline execution. This link can be obtained using the GitLab predefined variable $CI_PIPELINE_URL, such as on the snippet below.
For more information about arguments, please check the TestRail CLI documentation.
trcli_results_upload:
stage: trcli_results_upload
image: python:latest
dependencies:
- playwright_tests
script: |
pip install trcli
trcli -y \
-h https://TESTRAIL_INSTANCE.testrail.io/ \
--project "PROJECT NAME" \
-u USER_EMAIL \
-p PASSWORD \
parse_junit \
-f "test-results/junit-report.xml" \
--run-description "URL: $CI_PIPELINE_URL" \
--title "Automated Tests from GitLab CI/CD"
Setting up your working example
To use GitLab CI/CD pipelines, you need to have an active account in GitLab and also have your code hosted there.
Creating your own repository
We're going to setup the GitLab pipeline using our Playwright sample project, which you can know more about by checking our documentation about Integrating with Playwright.
By following the steps below, you can quickly set up a working example of a GitLab pipeline that executes an automated tests project and send the results to TestRail.
1. Create a new project in GitLab
2. Clone your newly created project on your local machine
3. Download the files on the Playwright sample project and add them to your local project
4. Create a .gitlab-ci.yml file in the root of your project and add the example pipeline snippet provided in this article
5. Replace TESTRAIL_INSTANCE, PROJECT NAME, USER_EMAIL and PASSWORD on the file content using your details (we recommend that you do not replace the password directly and use GitLab variables instead)
6. Push your files to your project's repository in GitLab
Executing the pipeline
1. This pipeline is designed for CI/CD, meaning it will run every time there is a new commit. The first time you push your code to the GitLab, the pipeline will immediately run, executing the automated tests project and sending the results to TestRail. To see your pipeline, you should go to CI/CD > Pipelines on the left hand panel. You should see the execution details of the first pipeline, and if everything ran as expected, the pipeline should have passed with a warning.
2. By clicking the status of the pipeline, a new page with more execution details will be displayed, giving your an overview of your pipeline, composed by the playwright_tests job, which failed, and the trcli_results_upload job, which was successful, as you can see in the image below.
3. By clicking the playwright_tests job, you can see execution details for that job, such as duration, artifacts and the console logs. With a quick skim through the console logs, we see that 1 test failed, which renders the job as failed too.
4. By clicking the trcli_results_upload job, you can see the same information. By looking at the logs, from the TestRail CLI output, we find that 7 test results were sent to TestRail and a URL is available to navigate to the test run under which these results were submitted.
5. By clicking on the URL provided in the logs, we can immediately navigate to TestRail and see the newly created test run with all the test results from our Playwright automated tests project. Also notice the URL back to the GitLab pipeline, which is useful to maintain traceability in case you need to debug any issues that occurred during that test run.
mceclip0 4.png
6. As previously mentioned, after you first push your test automation code, you will be able to see one pipeline, which was automatically triggered by your commit. In case you want to run your automated test cases again without making any changes to the code of your automation project, you, you can manually trigger a new pipeline by clicking the Run pipeline button on the main screen, selecting the branch you want to execute and submitting that run.
What next?
Now that you have centralized your test results on TestRail, not only can you check the results of your automated test runs, along with the error messages for failed tests, but you can also aggregate both your manual and automated testing efforts on reports that show you the full test coverage surrounding your app and even track test automation progress. You can also report a bug directly from the automated test result to an issue tracker of your preference as you would do for your manual test results!
You can look into the TestRail’s Reports and Test Metrics video to learn about how you can leverage TestRail’s reporting capabilities.
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Don’t Just Go Sticking That Anywhere: Protect the Precious With a USB Wrapper
Oooh, look, a public charging station. Should you trust it? You might get juice jacked. Oh wait, you’ve got a USB Wrapper designed by [Scasagrande] to deny access to your datas.
This project was inspired by the USB Condom, but the problem with those is that they completely cut out the data lines and limit the charge rate to USB 2.0 (500mA). The data lines are used to communicate information about the charger’s power sourcing capabilities to the device. Many manufacturers short D+ and D- together, but Apple applies specific voltages to those lines.
[Scasagrande]’s USB Wrapper gives you options. You can set it to Dedicated Charging Port, Sony, Open Circuit, or Apple. The super-cool part of this hack is for you Apple fanboys. The bottom slider lets you emulate any Apple charger and use any USB cube (including one you may have made) as long as you have that funny cable in your messenger bag. The hardware is open source and available at [Scasagrande]’s repo.
Make the jump to see [Scasagrande]’s nicely detailed video about the project.
[via Dangerous Prototypes]
59 thoughts on “Don’t Just Go Sticking That Anywhere: Protect the Precious With a USB Wrapper
1. Hah, sweet! I’ve built something very similar for myself and several others, but not gotten around to documenting it. But if it ain’t shared, it ain’t shite! Props to all who publish their ideas.
2. It’s cool, but.. If you’re going to carry this thing around, why not just carry around a little cube usb charger and a retractable charge cable?
1. ‘Cause sometime you won’t find a mains plug, but just the USB charging station. Even worse, you might be spending a few hours in an airport abroad, where they use some funny shaped mains plugs.
1. Nu-uh, your ‘mains plugs’ are the funny looking ones.
but yes, there are many cases where you only get a USB charging plug with no option for your own AC->USB adapter.
3. I think it would benefit from a 3D printed case, so the switches don’t snag on stuff while you’re carrying it around. Not meant as a rip, just a suggestion.
1. I believe Android phones are secure in the default configuration. (Don’t leave developer mode turned on if you’re traveling.)
I’m honestly surprised iPhones can be compromised silently from USB. Does someone have a link to the vulnerability disclosure?
1. Yup! Sadly not all Apple devices can run iOS7. Nor do I believe there are no other attacks. With all this NSA stuff I wouldn’t be surprised if we found out they have something going on with Airport chargers…
1. That article is 3 years old, plus his information is older than that. when they did this trick at defcon it was done to 4 year old phones or older. Talking iphone 3GS and early paleo era android.
1. They cant. you have to click on the “trust this computer” popup that displays on the screen before it will communicate with any data device connected to it.
4. Buy usb cable. Cut sheath. Short the data lines. You now have a fast charging usb cable. No need for a fancy device like this. Absolute waste of time and money.
1. That will protect you from malicious chargers, but that will not activate full charging speed on all devices. So although most will check for the shorted data lines (as per the USB charging spec), Apple devices (and a few others) do not. They look for specific voltages on the data lines to determine the charger’s capabilities.
2. Except that this won’t work for anything made by apple.
I think it would be better to just modify the usb connector at the male end, it is big enough for small SMD components, make a small circuit that powers the data lines from the main power, it would only take a couple resistors and some diodes.
1. It does work on Apple… I bought a 3 amp usb charger but it would only charge my ipad at 500mA. I got a usb extension cable, cut the middle, shorted the data lines. Boom, full high charging :)
5. Where are these public USB chargers? I dont think i’ve ever seen one in my life in Chicago. I’ve seen plenty of AC outlets, but never a USB one. And if you’re really worried about something bad happening when you plug in to a public outlet, I’m guessing this does nothing to address the possibility of 120VAC being attached to the data/power pins.
1. It’s not super duper common but I’ve seen them around. Airports, some tech conferences, and some malls are places I’ve seen them.
But no it does nothing for that kind of malicious charger. But its a good idea and perhaps I will add that in the future!
1. The data lines are used for signalling capabilities of the charger. Without the data lines, some equipment won’t charge, or only very slowly.
2. There is a different way. What if we intentionally make a bad connection on the data line for USB data communication, but let the charging voltage/short detection can pass through?
USB Charging spec allows for 200 ohms max between the D+/D- for charger detection and up to 1nF between the data line to GND or VBUS.
So a good starting point is have a low pass RC filter of 100 ohms/1nF (f0=1.6MHz) in series with each of the data line and still within USB Charger spec. The other possibility is to have the full 200 ohms on one of the data lines to get the maximum high frequency attenuation.
The charger detection only look at the voltage levels. i.e. it operates close to DC in the frequency domain. Apple chargers have tens of kilo ohms of source impedance, so a couple hundred ohms would have no effects either.
It is very unlikely that a smart phone/tablet would connect at low speed (1.5Mbps). May be the low pass filters degrade the communication for Full Speed/High Speed enough to not have the device recognized by the evil host?
6. Please, can someone make a PDF version of the schematic? I do not want to install kicad just for this purpose.
7. To be even more pedantic: Cutting the data lines limits the charging current to 100mA. Per the original specification, a device may not draw more than this amount until it has communicated its higher power needs to the OS (using the USB data channel) and got the permission to use more (so that the OS may keep track of power consumption and disallow overloading). Only the more recent specifications have provisions for higher power from dumber sources.
(Not that I would want to imply that there’s a sizable portion of devices out there that actually implement this part of the spec correctly. With the exception of Open Source devices, like the OpenMoko phone, most hardware seems to disregard the power limits and happily draws 500mA, and more if necessary, with or without the OS’s blessing.)
8. I need this now.
BTW, just curious, why did he choose a micro B on the power side? Wouldn’t a male A be more convenient so you can plug it directly into the USB socket? A female A could work, too, so you can use an extension cable, but that could be confusing with the device side.
1. If you get 0.090 inch thick boards, you can even build a USB A male connector right into the PCB. Ultimate in cost savings there. (I’d still put the footprint for the micro-B as a backup though)
1. The thicker PCB and gold plating for the PCB contacts required to do this would cost you extra vs a regular PCB.
Not much of cost saving for skipping the connector as they cost around $0.20 each (at QTY 10) from DX. I am sure you can get them even cheaper elsewhere in volume. The metal shell allows mechanical latching and some level of ESD protection as the contacts are not exposed as in the case for a PCB A connector!
9. I would put an ATTiny in this to detect the voltages at the USB data lines from the “charger”.
– Detect 2.0V/2.8V for Apple chargers via the ADC pins.
– Detect if the data lines are shorted. If both lines reads the same voltage, chances are that they are shorted. Drive a know logic on one of the data lines and see if the other one has the same logic level.
– ATTINY enumerates as as a 500mA device, if that fails as 100mA.
On the data lines to the phone, a dual 4:1 analog mux e.g. 74xx4052 can be used to connect the various combinations of voltage dividers, shorting data pins or open to the phone.
The phone’s data lines are isolated from the charging source regardless of what is at the input. This also gets rid of the mechanical switches etc.
1. I wanted to make the first version as simple as possible. Plus this has the advantage of allowing you to select the setting you want in order to override the charger. Your solution would still require some sort of user input (through tactile buttons or otherwise) if you wanted to do the same.
But yes, I’d like to do something with an active USB device on the power side to allow for full enumeration.
2. Actually *NO* user interaction as it should be. The microcontroller should be able to go down that list from highest power to lowest power all on its own. I wouldn’t put that down if it can’t be done.
1. Unless someone is flirting with an attractive stranger at the charging station, most people would want to finish charging ASAP.
1. Exactly. If you’re at a public charging station with your latest iPad, you have no idea what the max output of the charger is. With this you can try a few different settings to find the highest rate that works. Maybe that’s 1A, or maybe 2.1A. Its either that or 500mA with the shorted lines.
3. Unless the interaction you are talking about is for the mobile phone type which you should be able to set once unless/until you upgrade your phone.
1. The microcontroller should be able to detect the different dividers settings read from the charger and duplicate that (outside of actual USB bus traffic) on the mobile phones side. Your legit Samsung 1A Cube is not going to be saying that it can handle 2.5A of charging current, so your iPad would be default to whatever it can charge at when the Apple “protocol” is not supported – most likely 500mA for shorting the data lines as that’s part of the USB charging specs.
Some additional safe guards can be made by monitoring the USB bus voltage and observe the droop as it is loaded to determine if the charger is really telling the truth about its capacity.
Letting end users arbitrarily set higher charging current rating than what the chargers can deliver is asking for trouble and you as the designer would be liable in some countries.
1. The entire point of my project is to let you charge at whatever rate you want. If you exceed the abilities of your source the voltage will sag below the USB voltage spec cutoff. Some devices actually use this to self regulate their charging rate. An example is the Blackberry Playbook where it tries a few different charge rates and checks the voltage sag.
Everyone who buys one gets a nice big arse warning saying not to exceed the chargers rated output.
2. FYI: There are USB Voltage/Current displays at $5-$7 from DX or similar places, might want to sell something like that along with your device.
10. Nicely made PCB. A couple of under/over-voltage LEDs would be handy to check the regulation of the source before starting charging. Shrink the whole thing and put it in a box, and you’ve got a useful gadget.
1. I’m like you, always worried about the voltages being in the ballpark.
And the various videos of testing cheap USB chargers don’t help to ease the mind exactly.
11. This looks like a fantastic little design. If you made it smaller and gave it a plastic shell, I’m sure it’d be highly marketable as well.
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Connecting to %s | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
General questions on allocating objects from native code
Per Bothner bothner at cygnus.com
Tue Feb 25 20:57:01 PST 1997
> extern object* AllocObject(char*);
> etc...
> Now I have object which won't be garbage collected by Java runtime
> (well I hope so since I keep a link on them from the C data structures).
Actually, no, unless you keep a pointer to the object in the C
stack or registers (or some other Java object). If the only pointer is
in a global variable, it will go away, since the new Kaffe gc does not
scan the C data segments.
In any case, though I don't know what Tim's plans are, I would not
recommend counting on any "official" interface. Even if something is
in native.h, it does not mean it is frozen and safe to use. Kaffe
is a work in progress; expect interfaces to change incompatibly.
Long-term, it may make most sense to implement Sun's new "Java Native
Interface" (from JDK 1.1). This is designed for binary portability,
and therefore has some overheads that may be undesirable. However,
the old interface as also bad, because they require classes and
methods to always be specified by name. which requires searching.
I think Kaffe should provide two native interfaces:
a) the standard JNI, for people who want a stable, documented,
portable interface; and
b) a low-level API that provides direct access, but would change
with the implementation.
If someone could implement the new JNI, that would be very helpful.
--Per Bothner
Cygnus Solutions bothner at cygnus.com http://www.cygnus.com/~bothner
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At least 58 people are killed and 527 injured in a shooting in Las Vegas - America’s deadliest mass shooting
FOR the past four years, country-music fans have gathered on a 15-acre lot across from the Mandalay Bay Hotel on the Las Vegas Strip for the Route 91 music festival. On October 1st Jason Aldean, a honey-voiced singer from central Georgia, was closing out the festival when a shooter opened fire on the crowd from the 32nd storey of the hotel. Social-media videos showed revellers ducking, hiding and running from bursts of automatic-weapon fire. Upgrade your inbox and get our Daily Dispatch and Editor's Picks. The horrific event lasted just a couple of hours: Las Vegas police received their first report of gunfire at 10.08pm; shortly before midnight police announced that their sole suspect was dead; he is believed to have committed suicide. The suspect was Stephen Paddock, a 64-year-old resident of Mesquite, Nevada, a small town about 80 miles north-east of Las Vegas, on the Nevada-Arizona border. Joe Lombardo, sheriff of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, said the shooting was the act of “a solo actor…a lone wolf”. Police found a number of guns in Mr Paddock's hotel room. He appears to have killed at least 58 people and wounded at least 527, making this the deadliest mass shooting in modern American history. American politicians routinely warn against “politicising” mass shootings. Although they take to the airwaves to discuss airline safety in the wake of a plane crash or security measures after a terrorist attack, discussing gun laws after a lunatic shoots scores of people to death—asking whether, perhaps, the ease of obtaining weapons in America might have something to do with the frequency with which mass murderers kill people with firearms—is understood to somehow be in bad taste. So let’s not mention the massacres at Port Arthur and Dunblane, which prompted Australia and Britain to pass more restrictive gun laws that dramatically reduced the risk of dying by gunshot in both countries. This week the House of Representatives could pass the “Hearing Protection Act”, which rolls back restrictions on gun silencers. It was supposed to be taken up in June, but was postponed after a gunman opened fire on a congressional softball game. Separate legislation in the House would allow holders of concealed-carry permits to carry their weapons in other states with more restrictive licensing—effectively gutting state-level concealment restrictions. As Barack Obama said after a married couple slaughtered 14 people in San Bernardino, California with legally bought guns, “We’ve become numb to this…This is a political choice we make to allow this to happen every few months in America.” Update (October 3rd, 12.30pm London time): This piece has been amended to reflect an increase in the number of those killed and wounded. Correction (October 5th, 10am London time): The headline figure has been revised down from 59 to 58 to exclude the shooter. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:I Victor B/sandbox
Advances were made in the study of female oriented medicine during this period (existing source here). However, the texts that were written used the masculine form, indicating that gynecological texts were directed towards male doctors, not female midwives. The only mention of midwives in these texts seems to be when direct contact with a woman’s genitalia is necessary; only then do texts specifically mention the women involved in the procedure. (Barkai 76). Female practitioners contributed significantly to both to the practice of medicine inside and outside of jewish communities, and to the body of medical knowledge in jewish community and beyond.
While women contributed to the advancement of Jewish medicine during this time, there were still a number of restrictions placed on them by society. No Jew, male or female, was permitted to attend a Christian university. This could be bypassed by taking an examination and acquiring a licentia curandi et practicandi (Barkai 17-18). In at least one case, this examination was specifically directed towards Jews that would work on Christians patients (Cabarello Navas).
As a result, the education of these women largely fell to their male relatives. Both Hava (also known as Hana) and Viridimura were female Jewish practitioners whose direct relatives—Hava’s husband and sons, Virdimura’s husband—were practitioners as well. (Shatzmiller 109-110). Jewish medical practitioners were often educated in Greek, Latin, Arabic, and Hebrew, which gave them access to medical texts that were often inaccessible to their Christian counterparts (Whaley 23). Working as physicians, surgeons, and midwives, Jewish women were accepted as medical authorities in Paris, Florence, Naples, and Sicily, among other cities. Sara of St. Gilles, for instance, was a Jewish doctor who admitted a Christian student in 14th century France (Shatzmiller 110). Jewish midwives made up a larger percentage of practitioners in some regions than their population would suggest.[Source? Greene?] Jewish practitioners participated in the exchange of knowledge between Christian and Muslim writers and practitioners. The degree to which Jewish women practiced midwifery in the Middle Ages depended largely on the areas in which they lived. In Iberia, for instance, Jews were well accustomed to a mix of Muslim, Christian, and their own Jewish culture. Along with this came a shared understanding of medicine; Jews living in this area even wrote medicinal texts in Judeo-Arabic (Arabic written in Hebrew letters) rather than standard Hebrew or the local vernacular.[1] Here, it was commonplace for Jewish midwives to work alongside Christian and/or Muslim women.[2] However, Jewish women still clearly faced adversity and discrimination on basis of both their gender and religion. This is more clearly demonstrated in Western Europe, where it is difficult to determine if Jewish midwives working for non-Jewish patients was common practice or, instead, the exception rather than the rule. In 1403 Floreta d’Ays, a Jewish midwife from the French town of Marseilles, was brought to court under charges of malpractice.[3] This is the first such known case brought against a midwife and, according to Monica Green, an unusual case of anti-Semitism in an otherwise relatively tolerant town.[4] While the end result of the trial is unknown, it’s clear that Floreta’s non-Christian status played a part in the charges levied against her. | WIKI |
Government shutdown 2019: The astonishing effects of the shutdown, in 8 charts
It’s now Day 24 of the partial government shutdown, and it’s officially the longest one ever. While President Donald Trump and Democrats continue to duke it out over the politics of a border wall, the impact of the stalemate has already become very, very real for hundreds of thousands of federal workers, many of whom missed their first paycheck on Friday. The National Parks Service, the Transportation Security Administration, and the IRS are just a few of the government agencies that have been affected by the impasse, which is expected to cause serious economic fallout as well. Here are eight charts that illustrate what exactly the costs of the shutdown are. The current shutdown is only a partial one, as Congress has already funded 75 percent of the federal government until September. Right now, there are still seven outstanding spending bills that have yet to be passed, which affect nine federal departments including Agriculture, Transportation, and the Interior. Because of the way funding is doled out across agencies, certain services are affected even though they may technically fall under departments that have already been covered. The FDA, for example, is under the Department of Health and Human Services, but receives funding from USDA as well, a gap in funds that’s led to a pause in some food safety operations. Each federal agency has its own contingency plan in the case of a shutdown, meaning they are all affected in slightly different ways. Every agency determines which employees are “essential” and “nonessential” — “essential” employees must keep reporting to work even though they won’t receive immediate pay, while “nonessential” employees are furloughed and told to stay home until the shutdown ends. These plans vary significantly by agency. In some departments like Homeland Security, an overwhelming majority of its employees are considered “essential,” while in agencies like the IRS, for example, a majority have been deemed “nonessential” and furloughed. Approximately 380,000 federal employees are currently furloughed and 420,000 are expected to work without pay, according to a fact sheet released by the Democratic staff of the Senate Appropriations Committee. That’s more people than the total population of Washington, DC. Many of the workers affected by the partial shutdown live in the DC area, but its effects will be felt well beyond the district: According to an analysis by the Washington Post, there are many other states with large numbers of workers in the Agriculture and Interior departments who are suffering as well. The National Park Service is among the agencies hit by the partial shutdown, and all of its parks are affected to different degrees. Many have opted to remain open, though they’re doing so with limited staffing and access to facilities. There are closure alerts for 388 of the 737 parks and historic sites, which means that some areas are closed or inaccessible to the public. On an average day, national parks are expected to collect $400,000 in fee revenue. Since the start of the shutdown, the National Park Conservation Association estimates that the Park Service has lost more than $6 million in fee revenue. In DC, all Smithsonian museums and galleries are closed, along with the National Zoo. More than 20 days into the shutdown, they may have potentially lost almost 2 million visitors. The Zoo’s live animal cams, including the beloved Panda Cam, are also deemed nonessential and will not stream video until the government reopens. Aside from its effects on workers and local businesses, the shutdown will also reverberate across the US economy. According to S&P Global Ratings, the shutdown could shave approximately $1.2 billion off real GDP for each week that the government is partially closed. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Ken Chen
Ken Chen (born 1979 San Diego, California) is an American poet and lawyer.
Early life
In 1979, Chen was born in San Diego, California. Chen's parents are immigrant from Taiwan. Chen grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Education
In 2001, Chen earned a BA degree in English literature from the University of California, Berkeley. In spring 2005 Chen earned a JD from Yale Law School.
Career
Chen was an editor of Arts & Letters Daily while at Berkeley and worked at Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP after law school. He is currently director of the Asian American Writers' Workshop.
His writing has been published the Art Asia Pacific, Boston Review of Books, Manoa, Field, Pleiades, and Barrow Street, Bridge, Radical Society, 5 Fingers Review, and Palimpsest.
In 2004, Chen started his law career at Hughes, Hubbard & Reed, L.L.P in New York City, New York.
Personal life
Chen lives in Brooklyn, New York.
Awards
* 2010 Yale Series of Younger Poets Competition | WIKI |
Consider the Lilies
Consider the Lilies is a religious album released by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. The album was originally released in 2003. It was remastered in 2023 along with a release on vinyl. The music in this first album on the choir's new label represents a broad range of musical feeling—from the joyful "Rejoice, the Lord is King!" and "Morning Has Broken" to the contemplative "O Holy Jesus" and "Pilgrims' Hymn" to the fervent affirmations in "I Believe in Christ" and "This Is the Christ."
Track listing
* 1) "For the Beauty of the Earth" (John Rutter) - 3:21
* 2) "O Holy Jesus" (Jonathan Willcocks) - 3:36
* 3) "Morning Has Broken" - 2:16
* 4) "As the Bridegroom to His Chosen" (Rutter) - 3:51
* 5) "I Sing the Mighty Power of God" (Mack Wilberg) - 2:18
* 6) "He Shall Feed His Flock" (John Ness Beck) - 3:10
* 7) "My Shepherd Will Supply My Need" - 4:52
* 8) "The Lord Bless You and Keep You" (Rutter) - 2:56
* 9) "I'm Trying to Be Like Jesus" (Janice Kapp Perry) - 4:38
* 10) "Rejoice, the Lord is King!" (Malcolm Archer) - 2:32
* 11) "Jesu, the Very Thought Is Sweet" (Wilberg) - 6:14
* 12) "Pilgrims' Hymn" (Stephen Paulus) - 3:35
* 13) "I Believe in Christ" (John Longhurst) - 4:54
* 14) "God! So Loved the World" (Carl J. Nygard, Jr.) - 4:10
* 15) "This Is the Christ" (Michael F. Moody) - 5:12
* 16) "For I Am Called by Thy Name" (Crawford Gates) - 1:58
* 17) "Consider the Lilies" (Roger Hoffman) - 5:18
Personnel
* Craig D. Jessop – music direction
* John Longhurst – organ
* Clay Christiansen – organ
* Richard L. Elliott – organ
* Mormon Tabernacle Choir – chorus
* Orchestra at Temple Square – orchestra
* Ann Turner – choir manager
* Chris Acton – assistant engineer
* Barlow Bradford – associate director, producer
* Mac Christensen – choir president
* Scott Eggers – cover art direction
* Shauna Gibby – design
* Bruce Leek – producer, mastering, engineer, editing
* Milo Lefler – engineering support
* Alex Morris – stage manager
* Lynn Robinson – engineering support
* Gaylen Smith – engineering support
* Jim Turner – stage manager
* Fred Vogler – producer, engineer, editing
* Mack Wilberg – associate director, producer
* Wolfgang Zeisler – engineering support | WIKI |
Tesla reports fall in third-quarter deliveries, misses estimates
Adds annual target in paragraph 3, background in paragraphs 7-10
Oct 2 (Reuters) - Tesla TSLA.O missed market estimates for third-quarter deliveries on Monday as the automaker was forced to curb production due to planned factory shutdowns, sending its shares down 3.7% in trading before the bell.
The electric-vehicle maker handed over 435,059 vehicles in the three months to Sept. 30, down nearly 7% from the preceding quarter.
It said that the company's target to deliver 1.8 million vehicles this year remains unchanged.
The world's most valuable automaker produced 430,488 vehicles in the third quarter, compared with 479,700 in the second quarter and 365,923 a year earlier.
Wall Street on average had expected Tesla to deliver 454,100 vehicles, according to 19 analysts polled by Visible Alpha.
An LSEG-compiled figure of eight analysts put the estimate at 459,949 vehicles, with the lowest estimate at 442,000 and the highest at 511,405.
Some analysts believe the factory upgrades could spark a rebound in deliveries in the fourth quarter by allowing Tesla to refresh its line-up with models that could compete better with offerings from U.S. rivals such as Ford and BYD in China.
The updated Model 3 has a higher price and its China and Europe deliveries are expected to start in the fourth quarter, while a Cybertruck launch event is also expected later this year.
In the third quarter, Tesla cut prices of its premium Model S and Model X by 14-21% in main markets China and the United States.
It also boosted discounts on its mainstay Model 3 and Model Y to as much as over $5,000 in the United States, while cutting prices of Model Y and offering other incentives in China.
The company will report third-quarter results on Oct. 18.
(Reporting by Aditya Soni and Akash Sriram in Bengaluru; Editing by Arun Koyyur and Anil D'Silva)
((Aditya.Soni@thomsonreuters.com; +91 80 6749 1130))
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Avoid the billion-dollar mistake with Swift
First of all what is the billion-dollar mistake? Sir Charles Antony Richard Hoare invented the null reference in 1965 as part of the Algol W language. In 2009 Hoare describes his invention as a “billion-dollar mistake”.
Null reference is a useful construct, it is part of the Swift language, however it is an explicit part — represented by language type system.
Many other languages went half way. They have a type which signals that value might be a null reference. E.g. in C#
Person? p = new Person();
Person? is an optional type, it means that we should be careful with p. It might be a null reference. It also provides us with possibility to call methods without running into null pointer exception:
string s = p?.ToString();
int n = s.Length;
In case p is a null reference, the expression will not be evaluated further and the result will be a null reference. But we just deferred the problem. We get the null pointer exception on the second line. And this is what I mean by C# going only half way. s is of type string. C# does not prevent us from assigning null to a non optional type.
ObjectiveC deals with null reference in a slightly different fashion. In ObjectiveC all method calls are null safe:
Person *p = nil;
NSString *s = [p name];
int n = [s length];
In this case p is nil, s is nil and n is 0 (zero). No exceptions, no crashes every body happy?!
Not quite. nil (this is how null reference is called in ObjectiveC) has it’s own semantic. int is a primitive type. In ObjectiveC when calling methods on nil they will return default values for primitive types. So we say the name of a none existing person is of length zero. This is semantically incorrect. We just created “questionable” application state. Now have a look at this example:
if ([p hasProblems] == false) {/* do something important */}
A default value of a boolean is false. Our application logic is wrong and we don’t even get a null pointer exception to tell us about it.
Such bugs can be caught by unit tests, but wouldn’t it be better to not go full paranoia mode?
In Swift this will not compile:
let p : Person = nil
Also this will not compile:
let p : Person? = nil
let s = p.name
And this
let p: Person? = nil
let s = p?.name
let n = s?.characters.count
results in p, s, and n being assigned to nil, The type of n is Int? The name of a non existing person has no length, it is nil.
What about the boolean example?
if p?.hasProblem == false {/* do something important */}
Will not execute do something important. However if we introduce else branch. We introduce another bug.
if p?.hasProblem == false {
/* do something important */
} else {
/* resolve problems */
}
We will execute resolve problems, even though it is not our intention. This is due to the fact, that the result of p?.hasProblem is not of type Bool, but of type Bool?. There are two solutions for this problem:
1. Introduce an if else branch
2. Work with unpacked p
I would not recommend the first solution, because it just pollutes the code. Second solution looks like following:
func doSomethingImportantWithPerson(p : Person?){
guard let p = p else { return }
if p.hasProblem == false {
/* do something important */
} else {
/* resolve problems */
}
}
The guard let statement enables us to work with p of type Person from now on. If p is a null reference, we have to stop the application flow.
Here is another example of type unpacking
let p: Person? = nil
if let p = p,
let s = p.name,
let n = s.characters.count {
print("Name is of length \(n)")
} else {
print("Length of persons name could not be computed")
}
First of all it demonstrates that unpacking can be chained (this is also possible with guard let). But the main reason I wanted to show this option is because, here we do not have to stop the application flow. In this case the unpacked p is only valid for the inner scope of if statement. In case of guard let we unpack the value for current scope.
I started working with Swift since Swift 1. In the beginning I wrote some small libraries and a small App which was used by a few hundred people for couple of days. Back than, there was no if let and guard let concept in the Swift language. Last year I started working on an App which is used by many people every day. And you know what? I learned that if let and guard let are definitely my friends. I avoid using ? method call mostly and ! completely.
Crash and bug reports seems to agree with me
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Definitions for bucket seat
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word bucket seat
Princeton's WordNet
1. bucket seat(noun)
a low single seat as in cars or planes
Wiktionary
1. bucket seat(Noun)
A form-fitting seat for one passenger in automobiles, aircraft, and other such modes of transport.
2. Origin: Apparently French baquet, 'cockpit', from early twentieth century French aircraft.
Freebase
1. Bucket seat
A bucket seat is a seat contoured to hold one person, distinct from bench seats which are flat platforms designed to seat multiple people. Bucket seats are standard in fast cars to keep riders in place when making sharp or quick turns. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the name derives from the seat "partly resembling a bucket in shape". Racing vehicles usually have only one bucket seat. Vehicles sold to the general public often have two bucket seats in the front compartment, and may contain more in a rear compartment. Commercial aircraft now have bucket seats for all passengers. Automobile bucket seats first came into use after World War II on European small cars, due to: ⁕Their relatively small size compared to a bench seat; and ⁕Lack of seating room for a middle passenger, due to the presence of a floor-mounted shifter and parking brake lever. The first motor sports and fast road bucket seats in Europe were manufactured by Colin Folwell, who subsequently founded Corbeau Seats in the UK in 1963 The bucket seat trend was especially apparent in sporty cars, particularly two-seater sports cars, most of which were manufactured in European nations.
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Page:Queen Moo's talisman; the fall of the Maya empire (IA queenmoostalisma00leplrich).djvu/98
A mystic clue this stone of magic, yea,
To scenes of long ago—but find the way.
Like other million forms, stone hath a soul,
A spark divine of God the Perfect Whole.
Then heard the woman toying with the stone:
"With power was this endowed for thee alone."
What voice thus spake from mind to mind? No sound
The silence broke, wherein her thought was bound.
Tis I, among Earth's men thy friend of old;
In times long past this page I thee foretold;
For thou hast been in this, his present life,
His sister one brief year; thou art his wife.
Attachments deep and strong are ties that bind;
We ever take the skein again to wind
Ourselves about with bonds that draw us back,
And which none other than ourselves can slack.
He came to give the ancient Maya race
Its right—on history's page a noble place.
He would to light restore what's hid away,
And throw upon the past a clearer ray."
"When we outgrow desire for mundane things—
Which are but means—our spirit finds its wings.
When universal love and light are all
We crave, no power of earth can us inthrall.
Peace comes alone through matter, which is strife;
Right effort lifts the soul to purer life. | WIKI |
Painting Socialists as Villains, Trump Refreshes a Blueprint
White House Memo WASHINGTON — President Trump has proved himself adroit at creating villains to serve as his political foils. In his State of the Union address on Tuesday, he introduced a new one: socialists. Right after his calls to support the overthrow of Venezuela’s president, Nicolás Maduro, and condemning the “socialist policies” that have reduced the country “into a state of abject poverty and despair,” he made a quick segue to the home front. “Here in the United States, we are alarmed by new calls to adopt socialism in our country,” the president said, adding, “Tonight, we resolve that America will never be a socialist country.” Tuesday night’s speech contained more than a few suggestions of what Mr. Trump’s 2020 campaign could look like. The president dwelled on the economy, pointing to the low unemployment rate, continuing growth and the tax cut passed by the last Republican Congress. He spoke of trying to reduce prescription drug costs and battling H.I.V., perhaps with an eye to the kinds of suburban female voters who deserted Republicans in the midterm elections. And for his hard-core followers, he argued for the border wall. The threat of socialism was something new. But it could become the kind of rhetorical touchstone of his re-election campaign that sounding the alarm about “criminal illegal aliens” was in 2016. If it does, it could provide Mr. Trump with a potentially effective weapon in confronting an increasingly aggressive and more liberal Democratic Party, defining it through attacks on Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont and Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York, who describe themselves as democratic socialists, and other members of the party pushing progressive policies like a 70 percent tax rate and “Medicare for all.” The president’s economic advisers began sounding the socialist alarm in the fall in a 72-page report criticizing what it described as the socialist ideas of leading Democrats, linking them with the failed economic policies of communist governments in China, the former Soviet Union and other countries. The word “socialism” appeared 144 times — on average, twice a page. The report by the White House Council of Economic Advisers, “The Opportunity Costs of Socialism,” did not prescribe any action but was meant to serve as a warning about the destructive economic policies that Mr. Trump believes Democrats would inflict on the United States. Policies like tuition-free college were mentioned in the same ominous tone as the atrocities committed by Vladimir Lenin and Mao Zedong. The report suggested that Democratic policies emulating Venezuela would cause the American economy to shrink by 40 percent, just as Mr. Trump did on Tuesday night. Yet there is no evidence of any growing public angst about socialism sweeping the United States. As a political philosophy and organizing tool, it took modest root in the country in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but never gained widespread appeal. Eugene V. Debs, a labor leader from Terre Haute, Ind., was a five-time candidate for president, never to great effect, peaking at 6 percent of the vote in 1912. “You really have not had a self-consciously socialist movement of any size and influence since the 1930s,” said Michael Kazin, a professor of history at Georgetown University and the author of a history of the American left. “Clearly this is an attempt to portray Democrats as too radical for Americans and to connect them to Venezuela, which is of course a clever thing do since Venezuela is falling apart under an ostensibly socialist government.” But the supposed threat of creeping socialism — and the dangers posed by someone like Ms. Ocasio-Cortez — have become favorite talking points for conservatives like the TV personality Sean Hannity of Fox News, who tells his viewers that far-left socialism had taken over the Democratic Party. Mr. Trump is now firmly aligned with that view. “Most Americans are obviously not up on the distinctions between democratic socialists and communists,” Mr. Kazin said. “He, like other conservatives who had talked about the so-called Red Menace over the years, is trying to confuse the two things in people’s minds.” But that is not how conservatives look at the way Mr. Trump seems ready to portray Democrats. “From a political standpoint, he is defending free enterprise, free markets and freedom,” said Greg Mueller, a conservative strategist. “They want to take the country toward socialism and their party is divided on that and there is a major fight in their party over whether to be a socialist party. “This is a great debate for Trump to define in 2019 and the 2020 campaign,” he added. Republicans, with limited success, tried at times to label President Barack Obama a socialist, particularly for his call for higher taxes on the wealthy, Mr. Kazin said, noting that this effort coincided with a shift in public opinion where Americans viewed socialism more favorably. But a Gallup poll in August showed that Democrats had a more positive view of socialism than they do of capitalism, 57 percent to 47 percent. Their view has been relatively stable since 2010, but attitudes toward capitalism have become more negative, coinciding with the financial crisis that fueled animus toward the large banks and investment firms blamed for the economic devastation. Among Americans ages 18 to 29, the Gallup poll found, 51 percent were positive about socialism while 45 percent viewed capitalism favorably. Gallup noted there was a marked, 12-point decline in younger adults views on capitalism is just two years. “Every single policy proposal that we have adopted and presented to the American people has been overwhelmingly popular,” Ms. Ocasio-Cortez told MSNBC late Tuesday. And she dismissed Mr. Trump’s criticism. “He feels himself losing on the issues,” she said, and now must engage in ad hominem attacks. But it was no accident that Mr. Trump chose to introduce the socialist menace in perhaps the highest-profile setting available to a president as the first step in trying to paint Democrats as too far left, just as they start to engage in a presidential nominating process that will shape the party’s image. And even some of the president’s harshest critics say he may be on to something. “The idea of throwing the socialist thing out there politically is pretty crafty because, truly, there is just enough truth in there to make it sticky and interesting,” said Mike Murphy, a Republican strategist and longtime Trump critic. “They are lurching left. For once, somehow, a little honesty crept into one of Trump’s proclamations. It’s code for the loony left.” An earlier version of this article misstated the year in which Eugene V. Debs won 6 percent of the vote for president. It was 1912, not 1916. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Sokka-the-meat-and-sarcasm-guy
I am a new wikipedia user :)
About Me
I'm a neuroscience student from down under, editing a wikipedia stub as part of a general learning/elective unit of study.
I'm a healthy mix of nerd and jock - I love all things books, movies, tv shows, science, and sports. Also love animals!
If you can guess the username reference then you're pretty cool ;)
Favourite Books
It's hard to narrow down but these are my overall favourites so far!
Note: These are in no particular order (I couldn't order them even if I tried)
Adult Books
* I Am the Cheese by Robert Cormier - I'd recommend this book to anyone (is a bit dark though), but if I had my time again I'd have studied this for HSC English.
* The Name of the Wind by Patrick Rothfuss
* The Wise Man's Fear by Patrick Rothfuss
* The Slow Regard of Silent Things by Patrick Rothfuss
* Magician by Raymond E. Feist
* Empire trilogy by Raymond E. Feist and Janny Wurts
Children's Books
* Ranger's Apprentice by John Flanagan
* Harry Potter by J. K. Rowling
* His Dark Materials series by Philip Pullman
TV Shows
* Avatar: The Last Airbender
* Arcane
* Merlin
* Ted Lasso
Movies
* MCU (especially Winter Soldier, Civil War, Avengers, Infinity War, Endgame, and Spiderman No Way Home)
* Spiderman Into the Spiderverse
* How to Train Your Dragon trilogy
* Phar Lap
* Inception
* Spirit: Stallion of the Cimmarron (favourite childhood film)
* Star Wars (mostly pre-Disney, but Rogue One wasn't bad)
* Hacksaw Ridge
* Dunkirk
* 1917 - mostly appreciate the cinematography/editing which was really cool, only problem was the occasional blurry camera panning which they could've fixed very easily by including some moving object! (E.g. bird, leaf etc.). But oh well, still a great movie :)
* The Lion King
Favourite Sports
Mostly played rugby 7s - has also played soccer, touch footy, netball, tennis, softball, badminton, and some horse riding :)
Mostly watches Rugby Union, NRL, Cricket and some AFL | WIKI |
DEV Community
Cover image for Character Encodings and Detection with Python, chardet, and cchardet
Jonathan Bowman
Jonathan Bowman
Posted on
Character Encodings and Detection with Python, chardet, and cchardet
If your name is José, you are in good company. José is a very common name. Yet, when dealing with text files, sometimes José will appear as José, or other mangled array of symbols and letters. Or, in some cases, Python will fail to convert the file to text at all, complaining with a UnicodeDecodeError.
Unless only dealing with numerical data, any data jockey or software developer needs to face the problem of encoding and decoding characters.
Why encodings?
Ever heard or asked the question, "why do we need character encodings?" Indeed, character encodings cause heaps of confusion for software developer and end user alike.
But ponder for a moment, and we all have to admit that the "do we need character encoding?" question is nonsensical. If you are dealing with text and computers, then there has to be encoding. The letter "a", for instance, must be recorded and processed like everything else: as a byte (or multiple bytes). Most likely (but not necessarily), your text editor or terminal will encode "a" as the number 97. Without the encoding, you aren't dealing with text and strings. Just bytes.
Encoding and decoding
Think of character encoding like a top secret substitution cipher, in which every letter has a corresponding number when encoded. No one will ever figure it out!
a: 61 g: 67 m: 6d s: 73 y: 79
b: 62 h: 68 n: 6e t: 74 z: 7a
c: 63 i: 69 o: 6f u: 75
d: 64 j: 6a p: 70 v: 76
e: 65 k: 6b q: 71 w: 77
f: 66 l: 6c r: 72 x: 78
Let's do the encoding with a table like the above and write everything as numbers:
print("\x73\x70\x61\x6d")
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The above 4 character codes are hexadecimal: 73, 70, 61, 6d (the escape code \x is Python's way of designating a hexadecimal literal character code). In decimal, that's 115, 112, 97, and 109. Try the above print statement in a Python console or script and you should see our beloved "spam". It was automatically decoded in the Python console, printing the corresponding letters (characters).
But let's be more explicit, creating a byte string of the above numbers, and specifying the ASCII encoding:
b"\x73\x70\x61\x6d".decode("ascii")
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Again, "spam". A canned response, if I ever heard one.
We are encoding and decoding! There you have it.
The complex and beautiful world beyond ASCII
What happens, however, with our dear friend José? In other words, what is the number corresponding to the letter "é"? Depends on the encoding. Let's try number 233 (hexadecimal e9), as somebody told us that might work:
b"\x4a\x6f\x73\xe9".decode("ascii")
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe9 in position 3: ordinal not in range(128)
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That didn't go over well. The error complains that 233 is not in the 0-127 range that ASCII uses.
No problem. We heard of this thing called Unicode, specifically UTF-8. One encoding to rule them all! We can just use that:
b"\x4a\x6f\x73\xe9".decode("utf-8")
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xe9 in position 3: unexpected end of data
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Still, no dice! After much experimentation, we find the ISO-8859-1 encoding. This is a Latin (i.e. European-derived) character set, but it works in this case, as the letters in "José" are all Latin.
b"\x4a\x6f\x73\xe9".decode("iso-8859-1")
'José'
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So nice to have our friend back in one piece.
ISO-8859-1 works if all you speak is Latin.
A Cute Pig
That is not José. It is a picture of another friend, who speaks Latin.
UTF-8 is our friend
Once upon a time, everyone spoke "American" and character encoding was a simple translation of 127 characters to codes and back again (the ASCII character encoding, a subset of which is demonstrated above). The problem is, of course, that if this situation ever did exist, it was the result of a then U.S. dominated computer industry, or simple short-sightedness, to put it kindly (ethnocentrist and complacent may be more descriptive and accurate, if less gracious). Reality is much more complex. And, thankfully, the world is full of a wide range of people and languages.
Good thing that Unicode has happened, and there are character encodings that can represent a wide range of the characters used around the world. You can see non-Ascii names such as "Miloš" and "María", as well as 张伟. One of these encodings, UTF-8, is common. It is used on this web page, and is the default encoding since Python version 3.
With UTF-8, a character may be encoded as a 1, 2, 3, or 4-byte number. This covers a wealth of characters, including ♲, 水, Ж, and even 😀. UTF-8, being variable width, is even backwards compatible with ASCII. In other words, "a" is still encoded to a one-byte number 97.
Character encoding detection
While ubiquitous, UTF-8 is not the only character encoding. As José so clearly discovered above.
For instance, dear Microsoft Excel often saves CSV files in a Latin encoding (unless you have a newer version and explicitly select UTF-8 CSV).
How do we know what to use?
The easiest way is to have someone decide, and communicate clearly. If you are the one doing the encoding, select an appropriate version of Unicode, UTF-8 if you can. Then always decode with UTF-8. This is usually the default in Python since version 3. If you are saving a CSV file from Microsoft Excel, know that the "CSV UTF-8" format uses the character encoding "utf-8-sig" (a beginning-of-message, or BOM, character is used to designate UTF-8 at the start of the file). If using the more traditional and painful Microsoft Excel CSV format, the character encoding is likely "cp1252" which is a Latin encoding.
Don't know? Ask.
But what happens if the answer is "I don't know"? Or, more commonly, "we don't use character encoding" (🤦). Or even "probably Unicode?"
Fozzie Face Palm
These all should be interpreted as "I don't know."
chardet, the popular Python character detection library
If you do not know what the character encoding is for a file you need to handle in Python, then try chardet.
pip install chardet
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Use something like the above to install it in your Python virtual environment.
Character detection with chardet works something like this:
import chardet
name = b"\x4a\x6f\x73\xe9"
detection = chardet.detect(name)
print(detection)
encoding = detection["encoding"]
print(name.decode(encoding))
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That may have worked for you, especially if the name variable contains a lot of text with many non-ASCII characters. In this case, it works on my machine with just "José" but it cannot be very confident, and chardet might get it wrong in other similar situations. Summary: give it plenty of data, if you can. Even b'Jos\xe9 Gonz\xe1lez' will result in more accuracy.
Did you see in response to print(detection), that there is a confidence level? That can be helpful.
Two ways to use character detection
There are two ways I might use the chardet library.
First, I could use chardet.detect() in a one-off fashion on a text file, to determine the first time what the character encoding will be on subsequent engagements. Let's say there is a source system that always exports a CSV file with the same character encoding. When I contact the ever-helpful support line, they kindly inform me that they have no clue what character encoding even is, so I know I am left to my own devices. Good thing the device I have is chardet. I use it on a large source file, and determine that the encoding is cp1252 (no big surprise) and then I write my code to always with open("filename.csv", encoding="cp1252") as filehandle: and go on my merry way. I don't need character detection anymore.
The second scenario is more complex. What if I am creating a tool to handle arbitrary text files, and I will never know in advance what the character encoding is? In these cases, I will always want to import chardet and then use chardet.detect(). I may want to throw an error or warning, though, if the confidence level is below a certain threshold. If confident, I will use the suggested encoding when opening and reading the file.
cchardet, the crazy-fast Python character detection library
In the second scenario above, I may appreciate a performance boost, especially if it is an operation that is repeated frequently.
Enter cchardet, a faster chardet. It is a drop-in replacement.
Install it with something like:
pip install cchardet
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Import it thusly, for compatibility with chardet:
import cchardet as chardet
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A simple command line tool
Here is a full example using cchardet, with the ability to read a filename from the command line:
"""A tool for reading text files with an unknown encoding."""
from pathlib import Path
import sys
import cchardet as chardet
def read_confidently(filename):
"""Detect encoding and return decoded text, encoding, and confidence level."""
filepath = Path(filename)
# We must read as binary (bytes) because we don't yet know encoding
blob = filepath.read_bytes()
detection = chardet.detect(blob)
encoding = detection["encoding"]
confidence = detection["confidence"]
text = blob.decode(encoding)
return text, encoding, confidence
def main():
"""Command runner."""
filename = sys.argv[1] # assume first command line argument is filename
text, encoding, confidence = read_confidently(filename)
print(text)
print(f"Encoding was detected as {encoding}.")
if confidence < 0.6:
print(f"Warning: confidence was only {confidence}!")
print("Please double-check output for accuracy.")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
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You can also download this code from Github here.
Place the above in an appropriate directory, along with a text file. Then, from the terminal, in that directory, something like the following (use python instead of python3 if necessary) should work:
python3 somefile.csv
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Do you see output and detected encoding?
I welcome comments below. Feel free to suggest additional use cases, problems you encounter, or affirmation of the cute pig picture above.
You are welcome to view and test the code along with some text file samples at the associated Github repo. Some variation of the following should get you up and running:
git clone https://github.com/bowmanjd/python-chardet-example.git
cd python-chardet-example/
python3 -m venv .venv
. .venv/bin/activate
pip install cchardet
python detect.py sample-latin1.csv
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Enjoy the characters.
Top comments (0) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Kichwa language
Spelling
Alternate spelling, may become more widely used, given it's dissimilarity to Spanish orthography. Downchuck
Merge
This article has to be merged into Quechua. Quechua is by far the most commonly used form of the word in English. --Descendall 03:15, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
Quechua and Kichwa are not the same. Kichwa is the Quechuan language of Ecuador, see Talk:Quechua. -- PhJ 08:13, 26 October 2006 (UTC)
I'm not sure if any difference between Quechua and Kichwa is really worth mentioning... Sounds like a difference in orthography more than anything. I lived in Andahuaylas for a time and they speak a dialect of Quechua distinct to their region. When they would say the work 'quechua', they would pronounce it 'kichwa'. That's just how you say 'Quechua' with Quechua pronunciation since they don't really use the 'e' or 'o' vowels. Not to mention if we're going to separate a Quechua dialect by simply spelling it phonetically, that still leaves hundreds of other dialects all over South America. If that's a Ecuadoran and Colombian dialect, then maybe refer to it by its region. The locals will call it "kichwa" because that's how they say it, same with the Quechua speakers I knew in Andahuaylas and Cusco. --Voodoobagin —Preceding undated comment added 16:54, 31 August 2010 (UTC).
* Kichwa does not distinguish between q and k but, in contrast to Andahuylas, between s and sh. Even more important differences are in grammar and lexicon. Just read the articles in other language version of Wikipedia. -- PhJ (talk) 19:15, 31 August 2010 (UTC)
Expand
The German Wikipedia's article on Kichwa is a lot more developed than this article. PhJ has requested that a German speaker expand this article using the German version. – Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs) 23:23, 10 December 2006 (UTC)
Move
In my experience, Quichua is the more often used form. This English article refers to it as Quichua (this is the first Google result for Kichwa.) Also, it's inconsistent with the spelling for Quechua. Flying Bishop (talk) 05:49, 4 December 2008 (UTC)
Kichwa is "Quichua" in Quichua (like Deutch is "German" in German).
Therefore I also think the title Quichua is more correct, but with Kichwa redirecting -> Quichua. Gigahz (talk) 17:23, 14 February 2009 (UTC)
* Even in (recent) Spanish texts, "Kichwa" is frequently and increasingly used, including official Ecuadorian government websites, Ecuarunari, Conaie and other indigenous organisations. Kichwa is the best title. -- PhJ (talk) 22:06, 24 April 2009 (UTC)
* See spelling Kichwa in the Spanish text of the Constitution of Ecuador:.
language code
Just adding a note about codes: In openoffice, the language code "qu_EC" has been assigned to Kichwa. I know, it's Kichwa's not quichua, but Kichwa definately belongs to the Quichua family. Much like Norwegian and Danish, Swedish, German all are related to the german language group, although they are very different. I don't know if anything needs to be updated on the kichwa page. Gigahz (talk) 19:23, 16 February 2010 (UTC)
CoDe cual es Maxwell villa (talk) 21:49, 28 September 2017 (UTC)
"In popular culture" section?
Should we have a note that Peter Griffin chooses "Kichwa" as his supposedly African name when he is under the impression that he has African ancestry?
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:59, 10 June 2010 (UTC)
Well it seems Kichwa is also a popular word in Swahili, meaning something like head, top, peak etc: http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/Lingala/kichwa?cx=partner-pub-0939450753529744%3Av0qd01-tdlq&cof=FORID%3A9&ie=UTF-8&q=kichwa&searchtype=Translations&doc=1 Gigahz (talk) 01:41, 11 June 2010 (UTC)
Bidirectional suffixes
I've got a Masters' in linguistics, and when I took classes we spent a little while looking at Quechua, but I have NO idea what a bidirectional suffix is or could be. Googling isn't helping--the phrase appears here and nowhere else on the 'Net! (From its abstract, the article about West African bidirectional case markers didn't seem relevant.) Anybody want to enlighten us? GeorgeTSLC (talk) 22:42, 30 September 2010 (UTC)
brother/sister
A question on the brother/sister gender distinction: does it depend on whether the speaker is male or female, or whether the brother/sister is a sibling of a male or female? We seem to say first the one, and then the other. There are languages which do either. — kwami (talk) 06:54, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
* It depends whether the brother/sister is a sibling of a male or female. So I as a man can say: Chayka Ana Maríapa ñañami. (In Southern Quechua: Chayqa Ana Maríap ñañanmi. - "That is Ana María's sister") Of course, to address the person you use your own perspective, so in this case it depends on whether you as the speaker are male or female. In my case, I as a man say Wawki! (Wawqiy!) and Pani! (Paniy!). -- PhJ (talk) 10:00, 16 May 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
debris basin
Noun
* 1) A facility to catch debris flows, to trap vegetative and sedimentary debris, such as gravel, boulders, branches, trunks; but allow water to drain; to prevent destruction from debris inundation and surge front downstream.
Coordinate terms
* dam
* weir
* grizzly bars / grizzly
* water gate
* sedimentation pond | WIKI |
Autódromo Hermanos Emiliozzi
Autódromo Hermanos Emiliozzi (formerly known as Autódromo Sudamericano de Olavarría until 2008) is a 5.079 km motor sports circuit located near Olavarría, Argentina. The circuit was opened in 1998 and is notable for its minimal elevation change (being constructed on a flat, grassy plain) and its very long (~1 km) main straight.
Lap records
As of August 2015, the fastest official race lap records at the Autódromo Hermanos Emiliozzi are listed as: | WIKI |
Aleutians East Borough School District
Aleutians East Borough School District (AEBSD) is a school district headquartered in Sand Point, Alaska.
Several smaller school districts consolidated into the AEBSD, which opened in 1988. Most of the schools were previously in the Aleutian Region School District, and that of King Cove was in its own school district.
the district operated four schools serving a total of 250 students.
Schools
* Akutan School
* False Pass School
* King Cove School
* Sand Point School
Previously the district operated the Cold Bay School and the Nelson Lagoon School. | WIKI |
How to translate a page in Firefox using an extension
To translate a page in Firefox to a different language, you'll need to download a third-party extension first.Using a third-party app is a bit more convenient than having to copy and paste text into another website, like Google Translate, to translate it.With some apps, you can translate a page by just pressing a few keys on your keyboard.Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.
It's always helpful to be able to translate a website from one language to another — especially without having to open a new tab and paste text into Google Translate. Unfortunately, Firefox does not include an in-browser translator, but you can easily add one using an extension.Mozilla notes that Firefox does not come with any translating features, though you have plenty of other options. None of these workarounds are officially Mozilla-sanctioned, but recommended add-ons through the Mozilla store are usually a safe bet. Mozilla even provides a direct link to language support extensions. Pick one that's recommended and then follow the instructions to begin using the add-on.Most add-ons will include keyboard shortcuts, which you can access in the app's settings.Here's how to do it.
Check out the products mentioned in this article:MacBook Pro (From $1,299.99 at Best Buy)Microsoft Surface Pro 7 (From $699.99 at Best Buy)How to add a third-party translation extension to FirefoxSince Firefox does not include any built-in translation features, you'll have to download an add-on on your Mac or PC. You can search the Mozilla site on your Mac or PC or follow their link for filtered language support results. It's best to pick an add-on that's recommended and has a high-star rating with plenty of users.1. Click the Firefox extension that you'd like to download. This will bring you to its details page where you can click the blue "Add to Firefox" option. 2. This will open a pop-up prompting you to confirm the decision. Click "Add" to grant the extension permission to access your data, browser tabs, and display any notifications.
3. Firefox will automatically add the extension to your browser. A separate pop-up will appear confirming it has been added, along with instructions on how to manage your add-ons.
How to translate a page in Firefox using an extensionAfter successfully downloading your extension, you will usually immediately be brought to the Settings page. You can also access this page at any time by clicking on the Firefox menu icon and then selecting "Preferences" from the dropdown menu.1. Click on the "Preferences" tab.2. This will reveal the keyboard shortcuts for the app you downloaded. We downloaded the "recommended" extension "To Google Translate" from Mozilla's site. Depending on the app, shortcuts will vary slightly. You can also enable other settings by checking the appropriate box.
3. Once you've reviewed the shortcuts, you can head to the website that you'd like to translate. Highlight the text that you'd like to translate before pressing the keyboard shortcut.
4. This should open the pop-up enabled by the translator extension. Depending on your settings, the add-on should automatically detect the language and will translate it to your first option. Click to change the language.
Related coverage from How To Do Everything: Tech:How to enable cookies in a Firefox browser on your PC or Mac computerHow to clear your browsing history on Mozilla Firefox manually, or set it to clear automaticallyHow to add, change, or remove Firefox themes to personalize your browserHow to turn off private browsing mode in Firefox and keep a record of your browsing historyHow to download and install Mozilla Firefox on your Mac computer
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window._taboola = window._taboola || [];
window._taboola = window._taboola || []; | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
ARTICLE
Disease variability in asthma: how do the patients respond?--and why?
J Asthma. 2008 Aug;45(6):507-11 Ulrik CS, Søes-Petersen U, Backer V, Lange P, Harving H, Plaschke P. Department of Heart and Lung Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Asthma is a variable disease, and therapy should be tailored accordingly. The aim of this study was to explore patterns of self-management in response to disease variability in adult asthmatics.
METHODS: Adult asthmatics (n = 509), recruited through a web-based panel, answered a questionnaire concerning asthma knowledge, compliance, and treatment, including specified treatment options, through the Internet.
RESULTS: Two-thirds of the patients on inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) stepped-up and down their daily dose without prior contact to their doctor, and more than 50% took less ICS than prescribed during periods with fewer symptoms. In case of deterioration, 57% of the patients would only increase their reliever medication, whereas 23% would also increase their controller medication, although 59% were instructed by their doctor to do so. The self-perceived severity of asthma (graded as mild, moderate or severe) was not associated with the patients' response pattern. The preferred treatment strategy, differing primarily with regard to dosing and timing of controller medication, was associated with feeling safe about self-adjustment of controller medication (p < 0.001), but not with self-reported knowledge of asthma (p > 0.5).
CONCLUSION: In case of deterioration, the majority of adult asthmatics only increase their reliever medication, although instructed by their doctors also to increase their controller medication. Furthermore, the patients' preferred strategy for management of disease variability seems not to be driven by their knowledge of the disease.
retour
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WordPress plugins are meant to improve your blog?s function, both for the benefit of the blogger and the audience. One of the most useful and popular plugin for bloggers is Google Analytics for WordPress.
What does Google Analytics do?
? Keeps track of your website visitors. You are not only talking about the number of visitor and their geographical location, but you will even have an idea what browser they used, and even provide information like screen resolution, Flash support, language used, and even JavaScript support.
These data are very important to communicate effectively with your audience. If you noticed that most of your visitors do not have any Flash support, then adding Flash videos or elements in your blog will only benefit a small part of your audience. So, you have to look for other ways on communicating with your audience.
? Peak hours. You will have an idea what is the best time to publish your post to get the most feedback. Google Analytics will help you determine the time when most visitors visit your site.
? Visitor activity. Google Analytics allows you to see what visitors do in you website. Aside from that you will also have an idea how long visitors stay in your site and the percentage of visitors who leave your website right after the first visit. Bloggers can determine ways on how to decrease the number of people who leave right after the first website view, which is also called the bounce rate.
Google Analytics also allows you to determine how deep viewers are into your site. Did they click on any link within your site? How long did stay and interact with the content posted in your website?
? Previous site visited. This part of Google Analytics can help a blogger improve a lot in search rankings. This will give you an idea how the user was able to get into your site, was it through search engines or through direct of referral links. You can determine what search engine your visitors used and what keywords they used to access your site. This can help a lot in determining new keywords that will help you increase your page ranking in search engines.
Learning about these important details will help you in designing the next strategies to improve your website rankings and number of visitors. Google Analytics will help you find what topics or categories in your website generate more traffic than the others. It will also help you have an idea what post type is more appropriate to use for your readers/ audiences.
Google Analytics can be installed easily in your WordPress blog. Aside from the use of plugins, there are some bloggers who prefer to copy and paste the code in the theme?s footer or in functions.php file.
There are numerous plugins in WordPress which will allow you to add Google Analytics to your site, but one of the most efficient is Google Analytics for WordPress by Joost de Valk. Take note, however, that only WordPress.org blogs can add or use Google Analytics, and not free WordPress.com sites. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Suzanne Tay AU - Leslie Dickmann AU - Vaishali Dixit AU - Nina Isoherranen TI - A Comparison of the Role of PPAR and RAR on CYP26 Regulation AID - 10.1124/mol.109.059071 DP - 2009 Jan 01 TA - Molecular Pharmacology PG - mol.109.059071 4099 - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2009/11/10/mol.109.059071.short 4100 - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2009/11/10/mol.109.059071.full AB - The P450 26 family is believed to be responsible for retinoic acid (RA) metabolism and elimination in the human fetus and adults. CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 mRNA is expressed in tissue specific manner and knockout mice of the CYP26 isoforms show distinct malformations and lethality. The aim of this study was to determine differences in CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 regulation and expression. Analysis of CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 expression in a panel of 57 human livers showed CYP26A1 being the major CYP26 isoform present in the liver and its expression being subject to large inter-individual variability between donors. CYP26A1 and RARβ were found to be greatly inducible by RA in HepG2 cells, whereas CYP26B1, RARα and RARγ induced to a much lesser extent. Based on treatments with RAR isoform selective ligands, RARα is the major isoform responsible for CYP26A1 and RARβ induction in HepG2 cells. Classical P450 inducers did not affect CYP26 transcription whereas PPARγ agonists, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, up-regulated CYP26B1 transcription by as much as 209 ± 80-fold and CYP26A1 by 10-fold. RARβ was also up-regulated by pioglitazone and rosiglitazone. CYP26B1 induction by PPARγ agonists was abolished by the irreversible PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) whereas RARβ and CYP26A1 induction was unaffected by GW9662. Overall, the results of this study suggest that CYP26B1 and CYP26A1 are regulated by different nuclear receptors resulting in tissue specific expression patterns. The fact that drugs can alter the expression of CYP26 enzymes may have toxicological and therapeutic importance.The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
peristaltic pump
What Is Peristaltic Pump And How Does It Work?
A class of positive displacement pumps is the peristaltic pump. The peristalsis principle serves as the cornerstone on which the pumps are built. Peristalsis is a series of muscular contractions that transport food to various locations along the digestive system in a biological sense.
Peristaltic Pump Work
Positive displacement is the mechanism used by peristaltic pumps, also known as hose or tube pumps. A flexible tube is compressed against the pump housing as it is fed fluid by rotating rollers.
The tubing expands as the roller passes over it, creating a vacuum that lets more fluid flow through. In use, the tubing is sealed off by at least one roller. As a result, valves are no longer required. Either an electric motor or a gearbox turns the rollers in place.
Positive displacement pumps that transfer a variety of fluids include peristaltic pumps. This pump is simple to maintain because it lacks valves, seals, and glands. Every peristaltic pump has flexible hoses or tubes that provide an open flow path with high resistance to abrasion and enable the simple flow of solids and viscous media.
Working Principle Of A Peristaltic Pump
A peristaltic pump’s basic operating concept is the compression and decompression of a product to move it through a hose. The pump’s rotor presses fluid through it while the “shoes” of the pump are fixed to it. Similar to how our bodies pump blood, nutrients, and oxygen so does this system.
Types Of Peristaltic Pumps
Peristaltic pumps come in two different varieties: hose pumps and tube pumps. Hose pumps are ideal for pumping highly solid content, while tube pumps work best for lower flow rates, are fully programmable, and offer multiple heads.
peristaltic pump
Peristaltic Pumps Advantages
• Dry running
• Self-priming
• Reversible (DC)
• Flow regulation
• Excellent for use with viscous or aggressive media
• Tolerant to contamination with particles
• Thomas peristaltic pumps offer flow rates up to 2000 ml/min, suction height up to 9 m H2O, pressure height up to 100 m H2O
Types Of Motors For Peristaltic Pumps
Brushed direct current, brushless direct current, alternating current, and stepper motors are typical motor types for peristaltic pumps. The flow can be managed by adjusting the motor speed if the hose pump is powered without a gearbox. Peristaltic pumps typically have motor speeds between 0-400 revolutions per minute. Typically, a gearbox and DC and BLDC motors are used to adjust speed based on the flow requirement. Using an external controller board, stepper motor speeds can be controlled.
Peristaltic Pumps Used
Because only the tubing of the pump comes into contact with the fluid, peristaltic pumps are perfect for use with corrosive and viscous fluids. The pumps are practically maintenance-free and relatively inexpensive to maintain because the tubing or the head is easily replaceable. As a result, peristaltic pumps used in industry and medicine are among the most widely used peristaltic pump tube pumps.
For processing sterile fluids, dialysis, filtration, or bioprocessing, peristaltic pumps are used in the medical device industry. They are employed to dispense food or drink, vitamins, or chemicals in the food, agricultural, or disinfection industries. Hose pumps are used in the environmental sector to treat wastewater or remove condensate from gas analysis applications.
Flow Rate Controlled In Peristaltic Pumps
Motor speed affects flow rates in a direct relationship. Peristaltic pumps are thus suitable for dosing and dispensing tasks. There are a few factors to take into account when selecting the right motor. Direct current motors are offered in various quality levels with operating times ranging from 500 to 4000 hours. The brush system and the bearings are those motors’ limiting elements. The lifetime of an AC motor varies from 1000 hours for shaded pole versions to more than 10,000 hours for capacitor versions.
The bearing system is typically the only constraining factor in the case of stepper and brushless DC motors. The speed can be changed easily while the motor is running in both BLDC and stepper motors. When a variable flow rate is required, those motor types are frequently used.
All About Tubing Of Peristaltic Pump
The materials used to make peristaltic pump hoses or tubes typically range from silicone to fluoroelastomer materials over thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) or PVC. When non-aggressive media needs to be pumped, silicone is frequently used. Silicone is on the softer side of the spectrum when compared to other materials. TPV combines the simple processing of polypropylene with the elastomeric characteristics of EPDM. The tubing materials Pharmed BPT or Santoprene are frequently used because they are based on TPV. Fluoroelastomeric materials like Viton are used when pumping more chemically corrosive media.
The correct selection of tubing dimensions is essential when making the right tubing choice. When maximizing peristaltic pump tube lifespan is essential, a tube with a larger inner diameter and slow motor speed is beneficial. Large inner diameter tubing and a fast motor speed should be used for flow rates that are higher. When a high degree of accuracy is required, the motor speed should be high and the tubing should have a small inner diameter. Viscose liquids should be pumped through tubes with thicker walls so that the original shape can be recovered quickly.
The process of spallation occurs when particles from the tubing are shed into the fluid ring. In particular, spallation should be avoided in biological, pharmaceutical, or medical applications. There are specific TPV material types with optimized properties to lessen spallation, such as Versalloy&trade.
peristaltic pump
Factors Take Into Account When Buying Peristaltic Pumps
Many peristaltic pumps offer a spring-loaded mechanism to ensure smooth pumping action in order to lessen pulsation. Furthermore, shear-sensitive fluids like living cells require this feature to function properly. The adjustment of the pump to various peristaltic pump tube dimensions depending on the required flow rate is another factor to take into account.
An adjustable occlusion is another feature of more advanced peristaltic pump types. This feature can assist in adjusting the pump to various pressure levels that may be present in fluidic systems. Additionally, adjusting the pump’s performance to different tubing materials is helpful. Silicone tubings vary in hardness depending on the fluid type, while fluoroelastomer materials are required for applications requiring aggressive chemicals. Those are typically much more difficult.
The simplicity of use makes peristaltic pumps unique. It takes just a few seconds to swap out the tubing or pump head. A design without internal valves has a variety of benefits. If the process demands it, liquids can be transferred in both directions because both clockwise and counterclockwise operations are possible. Since there are no valves, the tubing is less constrained, which is advantageous when moving viscous media.
Multiple-channel peristaltic pumps may be used to improve the product’s efficiency. These pumps use a single motor to power a pump head with up to 15 channels, each housing a separate peristaltic pump tube. With that, multiple vessels can receive the same medium at the same time or receive different media simultaneously. Fluid handling is significantly impacted by the number of rollers used in peristaltic pumps. Just two or three rollers are utilized for higher flow rates. The high pulsation is a drawback to this. More rollers are frequently used to keep the pulsation at a moderate level when a gentle medium transfer is necessary.
Cross-contamination prevention is a key requirement in many medical or analytical processes. Only the peristaltic pump tubes, which are simple to replace after each cycle of the process, come into contact with the medium.
Other uses include the transfer of dialysate in dialysis machines, the dispensing of detergent in commercial dishwashers, and the removal of condensation in continuous emissions monitoring.
Do you know more about the peristaltic pump? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Blox follower41/sandbox
Elgalloblox is a new blox fruits youtuber who made a huge video known as what your fruit says about you and if blox fruits had mobile ads | WIKI |
Pelli Peetalu
Pelli Peetalu is a 1998 Telugu-language romantic comedy film directed by S. V. Krishna Reddy. It stars Jagapati Babu, Soundarya with music composed by S. V. Krishna Reddy. It is produced by V. B. Rajendra Prasad under the Jagapati Art Pictures banner. The film was recorded as a super hit at the box office. Upon release, the film received positive reviews, and remained a musical hit. The film was a remake of the Malayalam film Ee Puzhayum Kadannu (1996).
Plot
Gopi is a simple and self-respectful guy who runs a watch shop in his hometown. He loves his neighbor Anjali, who lives with her elder siblings Aswini & Aruna and their grandmother. She is the family's only breadwinner, and their stepbrother, Raghu, vexes them. Gopi & Anjali run into each other a few times, and they fall in love. However, Anjali backs up due to her unmarried siblings. At that point, Gopi takes up her responsibilities and performs dumb Aswini's nuptial with his mate Brahmaji. Next, he learns about Aruna's love affair with a guy, Ravindra, but his greedy mother seeks a 1 lakh dowry. Hence, Gopi sells his business and liens his self-respect by accepting a job proposal from shop owner Tatabbai. Just before the wedding, unfortunately, Raghu steals the ornaments. In that quarrel, Gopi accidentally kills Raghu. Right now, Gopi and Anjali encounter many difficulties in completing marriage by hiding the truth. Soon after, Gopi surrenders to the Police and is sentenced to 5 years. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note, with Gopi returning and Anjali giving him a warm welcome.
Cast
* Jagapathi Babu as Gopi
* Soundarya as Anjali (Voice Dubbed by Saritha )
* Chandra Mohan as Chandram
* Kota Srinivasa Rao as Raghavayya
* Tanikella Bharani as Tatabbai
* Aanand Vardhan as Cable
* Sudhakar as Veera Babu
* Brahmaji as Brahmaji
* Raja Ravindra as Ravindra
* Sivaji Raja
* Hemanth as Raghu
* Chittajalu Lakshmipati
* Subbaraya Sharma
* Chitti Babu as a bus conductor
* Mithai Chitti as a vegetable seller
* Uttej
* Sudha as Chandram's wife
* Rajitha as Veera Babu's wife
* Jhansi as Aruna
* Shilpa (Chippy) as Aswini
* Tatineni Rajeswari as Anjali's Mother
* Telangana Shakuntala as Ravindra's Mother
* Nirmalamma as Anjali's grandmother
Music
Music was composed by S. V. Krishna Reddy. Lyrics written by Chandrabose. The music released on Music Two Thousand Company. Singer K. S. Chithra has sung five songs for this film. | WIKI |
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