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Verta
Verta may refer to
* Ofer Verta, Israeli footballer
* Verta Taylor, academic sociologist
* Vega Research and Technology Accompaniment, see Vega (rocket) | WIKI |
Microbiomes
microbiome
Our bodies are remarkable feats of evolution. While we may think of ourselves as one living organism – with one head, one heart, one digestive system and one mind – we are actually galaxies of living creatures united toward one purpose – our continued existence. Our bodies each have completely unique and individual microbiomes that will change and grow with us from birth until death. These communities of bacteria, fungi and biotics living on and within us have profound impacts on our health, even beyond the reach of science’s current understanding. Much like we’re only beginning to define the depths of space as we know it, similarly DNA-sequencing tools are beginning to help us see our microbiomes more clearly now than we ever could before, giving us new respect for all that it does for us.
So why should we care about the tiniest members of our body-communities? Because they matter! In ways we never could have guessed. Our ancestors were able to fight some of the most dangerous and damaging illnesses, parasites, viruses and bacteria to walk the Earth without the benefit of antibiotics because of their strong microbiomes. Some of those microbes have been passed down to us for generations, from mother to child. Unfortunately our modern lifestyles have weakened our microbiomes to a dangerous level. Humans have spent the last 80 years trying to clean “germs” from our bodies and our homes. Antibiotics have saved countless lives – but with unintended consequences to our microbiomes that we are only beginning to understand.
Disrupting our microbial ecosystems can cause disease, and some diseases disrupt our microbial ecosystems. Manipulating these interactions may help doctors understand and manage diseases. Understanding, nourishing and sustaining our microbiomes is the future of modern medicine.
Due to the collateral damage our modern society has done to our microbiomes by things like cesarean sections, poor diet and high antibiotic usage, generations of microbial data has been lost forever. As a result, medical science has begun collecting microbiome data from primitive cultures around the world to try to save some of that information that has been lost. That’s how important of a role we are beginning to understand microbiomes play in our health and vitality.
So let’s take a closer look together, and learn better ways to keep our WHOLE selves healthy, including our tiniest partners in health.
We know we aren’t just single individuals, we’re walking ecosystems. We’re a walking cosmos of ecosystems. Our bodies have many different environments and each of them has a unique set of biotic factors. The microbes on our skin are different than the microbes in our intestines, which are different from the microbes in our ears, and so on. While they’re vastly different, each and every member of our microbiome serves an integral purpose to our health.
OUR MICROBIOMES ARE INTEGRAL TO OUR HEALTH
Our microbiomes and the rest of our body function together as a symbiosis, much like plants and animals on Earth do. It is becoming clear to science that a healthy microbiome is integral to life itself.
The genes of the microbes that live inside and on our bodies outnumber our own genes by 100 to 1. Think about that for a second. One hundred to one! Most of these genes simply help the microbes survive. But many help us. Microbial genes code for enzymes that break down food that we can’t digest on our own. Some code for proteins that build vital nutrients or make molecules that keep harmful bacteria away. We’re just beginning to understand our relationship with microbes, but we do know that without them, we wouldn’t be here.
Our microbiome act on our body’s nutrition, immunity to illness, protection from infection, maintenance of protective barriers, and organ development. Some of the health conditions that involve our microbes include: acne, antibiotic associated diarrhea, asthma/allergies, autism, autoimmune disease, cancer, dental cavities, depression and anxiety, diabetes, eczema, gastric ulcers, hardening of the arteries, IBS, malnutrition, and obesity.
Our microbiome can even control our blood pressure. Bacteria in the large intestine help break down complex carbohydrate molecules. One of the breakdown products they produce, as they digest the fiber found in rice and grains, is formate. Formate diffuses out of the intestine into the blood stream. In the kidneys, it effects salt processing. People with formate in their blood tend to have lower blood pressure.
Our microbiome also protect us from toxins. Eating a healthy diet high in fiber and low in sugar and fat supports a healthy community of befidobacteria. Bifidobacteria keep toxins made by other bacteria (specifically lipopolysaccharides) from passing through the intestinal wall and into the blood stream. Harmful strains of E.Coli bacteria release toxins that can damage the kidneys and destroy red blood cells. Certain species of beneficial gut bacteria can prevent these toxins from entering the blood stream. Some microbes even inactivate toxic molecules that we ingest along with our food, as well as toxins made by other microbes.
SO HOW DO OUR MICROBIOMES GROW?
Our DNA never changes (unless you’re an astronaut in space), but our microbiomes are constantly changing. As we grow up, our microbial profiles change along with us, adapting to the foods we eat, the contaminants we expose ourselves to and the ways we treat our bodies.
Before birth, we’re all more or less sterile – we have no microbes. We acquire our microbiomes from the environment at birth. The moment we enter the world, microbes colonize our bodies. And depending on how and where we’re born, we’re colonized by different types of microbes.
Our first dose of microbes comes from our mother. Babies delivered vaginally are covered in a film of microbes as they pass through the birth canal. Included in the mix are bacteria that help babies digest their first meals. Babies delivered by cesarean section are colonized mainly by skin microbes – a very different set of species.
Babies pick up microbes not only from their mothers, but also from every person and thing they touch. So babies who are born at home are exposed to different of microbes than babies born in hospitals.
These very first differences – vaginal vs cesarean section birth, home versus hospital birth – are still measurable months and possibly even years after birth. And they may have even longer-lasting impacts on health that we aren’t aware of.
Regardless of how we come into the world, within a few years we’re covered in thousands of different species of microbes. They colonize every millimeter of the body that’s exposed to the outside world. By the time we enter kindergarten, we have vastly different populations living in the different habitats around our bodies. Even as adults and into old age, our microbiota continue to shift.
SO HOW DO WE NOURISH OUR MICROBIOMES TO OPTIMIZE OUR HEALTH?
Ecosystems are constantly changing. We see it all around us all of the time. Forests are burned by fires. Species introduced from outside ecosystems compete for resources. Climate change turns wetlands into deserts. Ecologists study these phenomena, and they come up with strategies for understanding and managing them. It turns out that some of these strategies apply to the body’s ecosystems as well.
While science is only beginning to understand some of these strategies, explore and understand the various communities in our bodies, their interactions on our health, and how to improve the health of our microbes we can apply similar strategies to these microbiota that we do to our gardens, our wilderness, and the creatures living there.
If you’re trying to increase the number of frogs living in a swamp, you’re going to make sure the swamp water is free of contaminants – pesticides, garbage, and predators that would eat your frogs. We can view the microbes in our guts similarly. In the gut, one important abiotic (meaning not alive) factor is food. Changing our diet influences the balance of microbes living in our guts. Eating a healthy diet high in fiber and low in sugar and fat supports a healthy community of microbes that are beneficial to our health, enabling them to fight the bacteria, virus or fungi we might have inside of us that would seek to do us harm. We can drink plenty of healthy fluids to keep our swamp water clean. We can eat organic foods to minimize the pesticides our microbes are exposed to. We can eat whole healthy foods to keep garbage out of the swamp. You know who eats garbage (meaning additive, preservatives, dyes and etc.)? Viruses, E.coli, and damaging bacteria.
Things like the acidity of the digestive tract, and through variations in proteins on our cells effect how our microbes communicate with those cells. Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and minimum of grains and animal proteins supports all of these systems to run optimally and that means the microbes we need to thrive can run optimally as well.
Something else to consider would be decreasing your exposure to harmful microbes (like the predators in the swamp). If you’re someone who eats out a lot, you might want to avoid the buffet. Those trays of food just sitting there unsupervised are subject to untold numbers of gross microbes from the people passing by. If you’re ordering food from a restaurant, try to order food that’s extremely hot. You have a better chance of the bad microbes being killed. How many news stories have we heard of people contracting Hepatitis or worse from restaurants?
Wash your hands often and well. If you use a gas pump, use hand sanitizer until you can get to soap and water. Don’t share drinks or utensils with others. Don’t swim in stagnant water. One time I contracted camplyobacteriosis. The CDC called me to ask some questions (seriously). The first question they asked was if I’d swum in stagnant water. In the end it was undercooked chicken that made me sick. The meat we buy from grocery stores is almost guaranteed to have bad microbes on it. Be mindful of what food you’re buying, where you’re buying it, that you’re cleaning it well, and that you’re cooking it appropriately.
Do your microbiome a service, and do you best to keep out bad invaders.
The world of microbiomes is vast and mostly unknown. It is, however, a vital part of our lives and worthy of being understood. I hope I’ve done a small part to dispel some of the mystery and bring your microbiome to the forefront of your mind as you’re working so hard to fight for your whole health.
For Further Research Check Out:
Human Microbiome Project
https://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp
The Human Microbiome
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/microbiome/
Mental Health May Depend on Creatures in the Gut
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mental-health-may-depend-on-creatures-in-the-gut/
Breast-feeding the Microbiome
https://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/breast-feeding-the-microbiome
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Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro
Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro (also called Companhia Paulista de Vias Férreas and Fluviais) was a Brazilian railway company located in the state of São Paulo. It was known for its high standard of quality in customer service.
It remained in activity from August 1872 until October 1971, when it was extinguished and incorporated into FEPASA - Ferrovia Paulista S/A.
Jundiaí–Rio Claro
The railway was idealized, in 1864, by a group of farmers, traders and capitalists who needed a means of draining the coffee grown in the interior of the state of São Paulo. They intended that São Paulo Railway, "Ingleza" or "Santos–Jundiaí", would take their rails to São João do Rio Claro (current Rio Claro), since it held the concession for this purpose.
The decision to found the company came after the São Paulo Railway declared that it would not be possible to extend the railway further, not even to the city of Campinas, due to the losses with the Paraguayan War. The tracks of the São Paulo Railway only reached Jundiaí. In this city began to build the railways of the company towards the interior of São Paulo.
The president of the province of São Paulo at the time, Saldanha Marinho, had a fundamental role in the founding of the company in 1868, bringing together in the same ideal the capitalists and farmers who were fighting for political interests at that time.
Companhia Paulista was then founded on 30 January 1868, under the presidency of Clemente Falcão de Sousa Filho, but construction work on the line began more than a year after that date, after the approval of the statutes of Companhia Paulista by Imperial Government. On 11 August 1872, with a gauge of 1,600 mm, the first section was opened, between Jundiaí and Campinas.
Rio Claro–São Carlos
Its tracks advanced inland, reaching Rio Claro in 1875 and Descalvado in 1876. However, its growth was put in check when Paulista did not accept to bend to political interests that required the extension of São Carlos to pass through the Morro Pellado (current Itirapina) to attend the influential farmers, based in neighboring Itaqueri da Serra and also in the so-called "Itaqueri de Baixo".
Likewise, due to political criteria, in the management of Laurindo Abelardo de Brito as president of the province of São Paulo, Paulista was prevented from extending its lines to Ribeirão Preto, which ended up in Descalvado.
This extension was granted to the Companhia Mogiana, in an evident "breach" of its original layout. Then, the Companhia Rio Claro was founded, which took the extension concession to São Carlos and Araraquara, with an extension to Jaú and Bauru departing from Itirapina. by the engineer Antonio Francisco de Paula Souza. Some years later, it was proposed by the Companhia Rio Claro that belonged to the Count of Pinhal and to the Major Benedito Antonio da Silva, the merger of Rio Claro and Paulista, however, the proposed bases for such a transaction were not accepted by Paulista, through its then-president Fidêncio Nepomuceno Prates, despite the recommendation of members of its technical staff who inspected the facilities of Companhia Rio Claro, for the merger to take place.
Soon after, Companhia Rio Claro was sold to "The Rio Claro São Paulo Railway Company", headquartered in London, which provided the line with several improvements and extensions. Due to rumors of a possible merger of "The Rio Claro" with Mogiana, the board of directors of Paulista, through its president Antônio da Silva Prado authorized the purchase of "The Rio Claro" in the year of 1892, for the sum of 2,775,000 pounds, with a loan of £2,750,000 obtained in London and £25,000 at the time of purchase.
Expansion
In 1891, Paulista acquired two small 0.60m gauge railways that approached Rio Claro and Mogiana: Companhia Descalvadense and Companhia Ramal Ferreo de Santa Rita.
From there, Paulista was able to extend its inland lines, becoming tributaries of a very rich sector of the state limited between the Peixe and Mojiguaçu rivers, also having tributaries such as Companhia Douradense, Noroeste do Brasil, Estrada de Ferro Araraquara, São Paulo-Goiás, Mogiana, Funilense and Ramal Férreo Campineiro.
Upon receiving the lines from the Rio Claro Railway on April 1, 1892, Companhia Paulista divided its network into two sections: Paulista, which had 1.6m gauge lines and two small 0.6m gauge lines, and Rio Claro, with all the metre-gauge lines.
After that, Paulista developed and much, the infrastructure received from the English, expanding and improving the Stations, such as those in Rio Claro (which was completely rebuilt, with large garages) and São Carlos (which had many expansions and the installation of metallic armor of its wide station) and the stone support of the permanent way, among other items of great importance.
The company has always lent support to its tax companies such as the Dourado, São Paulo-Goyaz/Pitangueiras, Jaboticabal, Morro Agudo, and Barra Bonita companies, going so far as to acquire, since the 1930s, shareholdings of those railways. One of them, Pitangueiras, which had previously been integrated by incorporation into São Paulo-Goyáz and later, near bankruptcy, organized under the name of Companhia Ferroviária São Paulo-Goyáz, sold in 1927 to Paulista, its Pitangueiras Section, so that the trunk line could use the layout of the original Pitangueiras, from Passagem to Ibitiuva and from there to Bebedouro, as the most suitable option for extending the 1,6m gauge from Rincão to Barretos and later to the Porto Cemitério (later Colômbia), on the banks of Rio Grande. Believing in the potential of the livestock industry in the north of the state, Paulista organized with third parties the Companhia Frigorífica e Pastoril (CFP), which was later transferred to foreign capital, originated by S.A. Frigorífico Anglo.
Modernization and efficiency
Using in-depth studies by the engineer Francisco de Monlevade, Inspector General of the company, the latter began the electrification of the lines in 1920, at the voltage of 3 KVCC, extending the use of white coal on the line from Jundiaí to Campinas (1922) and from there to Rio Claro (1926). Aware of Monlevade's maxim that "if they did not electrify their lines, they would not distribute any more dividends", he extended this remarkable improvement from Rio Claro to Rincão (1928) and, in the Jaú branch, from Itirapina to Jaú (1941) and from there to Pederneiras (1947) and Bauru (1948). The limit of this advance was given between Bauru and Cabrália-Paulista in 1954, the year of the delivery of the widening of the gauge in the line from Bauru to Marília. It is worth mentioning that studies pointed to the extension of electrification to Tupã, even indicating that the Piracicaba and Descalvado branches would be electrified, reaching the latter, at least, to Pirassununga Station. The extension of electrification to Garça began but later abandoned, and the other steps were limited to studies.
Companhia Paulista was a pioneer in a series of initiatives in the Brazilian railroad field. It was the first railroad to electrify its lines, to use steel cars to transport passengers (and later build them in its workshops), to foster the creation of protected areas to obtain railroad ties and firewood (through it eucalyptus was introduced in Brazil), as well as other management initiatives previously unheard of in Brazil.
Its passenger trains became famous for the comfort they offered and the punctuality with which they operated. The "R" Train ("R" stands for "rápido", meaning "fast" in Portuguese) or "Blue Train", composed of three-class cars (Pullman, First, and Second Class) and a restaurant, became notorious and determined a standard of comfort not yet seen in Brazil, both in rail (almost extinct) and road transport.
Maintenance
Companhia Paulista had the Jundiaí workshops (dedicated to medium and heavy maintenance of steam, electric, and diesel-electric locomotives) and Rio Claro workshops (directed to the general maintenance of cars and wagons).
Throughout its five divisions, it also had locomotive depots (dedicated to light and medium maintenance of steam, electric, and diesel-electric locomotives), among them the ones in Jundiaí, Campinas, Rio Claro, São Carlos (demolished), Rincão and Bebedouro.
Trade union
The first railroad workers union was founded in the city of São Carlos in 1929, with the name "Sindicato dos Operários Ferroviários da Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro", which later had its headquarters transferred to Campinas.
First strike in Brazil
The union played, however, a role in history long before that, with the first strike in Brazil held in May 1906, after the Labor Day rally at the Polytheama pavilion, which was supported by the weavers of the Fábrica São Bento and the students of the Largo São Francisco Law School, which was harshly repressed.
Decay
In 1961, during an economic crisis aggravated by a series of strikes, the company was nationalized. On November 10, 1971, Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro was incorporated into the new state-owned FEPASA.
Passengers
The number of passengers transported by Companhia Paulista remained in constant growth, except for two periods: 1931-1935 (from the impacts of the 1929 Crisis) and 1956-1970 (when a small variation occurred as a result of a greater competition with road transport, with the opening of highways such as the Anhanguera). Even so, the company maintained an average of 10 million passengers transported each year, with 2 million celebrated as recently as its 50th anniversary in 1918. This steady growth icn the number of passengers can be partially explained by the exemplary operation and maintenance that Companhia Paulista maintained in its network, the absence of the Bandeirantes Highway (opened only in 1978) and the low traffic at Viracopos Airport. The nationalization of the railroad in late 1961 had little or no effect on passenger transportation until the extinction of the company in 1971.
Cargo
Companhia Paulista was created with the purpose of transporting coffee production from the Campinas region to Jundiaí and Paranapiacaba, where the SPR (owner of a railroad transport monopoly) transported the cargo to the port of Santos. With expansion into São Paulo prevented by the SPR, Companhia Paulista was expanding its tracks through the interior on the route to the coffee plantations.
While it was highly profitable, the coffee crop sustained the railroad's expansion and large coffee producers were its major shareholders. With the crises in the international coffee market, the consequent drop in prices forced the company to seek diversification in cargo transportation: grains, wood, cattle, meat, fruits, fuels, etc. To maintain business expansion, it sought loans with banks, issued new shares, and changed its shareholding control: out went the coffee growers, and in came the international banks and trusts.
During the 1940s (affected by World War II), Companhia Paulista practically doubled the volume of cargo transported in relation to the previous decade. This growth in freight transport continued and reached its peak in 1955, when the company achieved its best ever result. Despite a slight fluctuation, the company operated in its final year carrying a significant volume of cargo.
Fleet
Below is a list of locomotives belonging to Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro in 1968. | WIKI |
No Time to Die pushed its box office release, but others won't follow
The coronavirus outbreak may have pushed "No Time to Die" to trade its April box-office release in favor of a November one, but that doesn't mean other Hollywood blockbusters are going follow suit. As the number of countries reporting new cases of COVID-19 grows, so does the fear that the U.S. film industry will take a big hit at the box office. International ticket sales have become key to the overall success of the Hollywood film industry and several countries that are crucial to movie ticket sales have banned or restricted large public gatherings. On Wednesday, MGM, Universal and "No Time to Die" producers were the first in Hollywood to delay the release of a film because of the coronavirus outbreak, leading people to wonder if more studios would move their release dates. "All the studios are considering what to do with safety and loss mitigation in mind," Schuyler Moore, an entertainment attorney at Greenberg Glusker, said in an email to CNBC. However, "No Time to Die" could be the exception and not the trend. MGM is only set to release five films this year, all but one of which is co-financed with another studio. Far and away, the 25th James Bond film is expected to be the company's biggest film of the year. For comparison, a company like Disney is expected to release more than 20 titles in 2020. So the stakes are higher for MGM. It must give "No Time to Die" the best chance of success as it doesn't have much room for error when it comes to securing ticket sales. And the film already had to cancel publicity tours in China, South Korea and Japan for the film due to the outbreak of the deadly virus in those countries. Worldwide COVID-19 has killed at least 3,383, according to data compiled by Johns Hopkins University, and it has sickened more than 100,000 people. Currently, a large portion of theaters across China are shuttered due to the coronavirus outbreak and it's uncertain when they will be reopened. But, what might work best for MGM may not be ideal for other Hollywood studios. Even if a studio wanted to move a film's release date, there is little flexibility in the movie release schedule for the rest of 2020. The calendar is strategically set each year. Certain types of movies are released during certain times of year — family movies are often in the spring, the summer gets blockbusters, the fall is for big-budget horror films and award contenders — and holiday weekends are quickly reserved by studios hoping to capitalize on moviegoers having one more day off from work or school. Studios are also very cognizant of not placing big-budget tentpole movies too close together. So, you're not likely to see a Marvel movie and a "Fast and Furious" film arrive in theaters on the same weekend or even within one or two weekends of each other. Since the calendar for 2020 is pretty much set, if a studio decides to push a movie from the first half of the year to the second, it doesn't have a lot of weekends to choose from. And if it can't find a suitable weekend to release a pushed film, a studio might have to resort to taking over a weekend slot it has already assigned for another movie. For example, hypothetically, Marvel could push "Black Widow" (May 1) to the spot currently held by "The Eternals" (Nov. 6). However, that choice can be tricky. By pushing a film like "Black Widow" into "The Eternals" slot means that Marvel's whole slate of films has to push in 2021 to accommodate the change. And that could mess with the company's slate of Marvel shows on its streaming service Disney+. Universal, which is set to distribute "No Time to Die" in international markets, moved up the release of "Trolls: World Tour" to April 10 to fill the gap left by Bond moving from April 8 to November. Studios also have to consider what has already been spent on marketing. "No Time to Die" advertising online, on TV and out in the market — billboards, signage on taxis, etc. — is already running ahead of the film's original release. MGM will now how to restart that campaign in the months leading up to November. Notably, the studio worked with "Saturday Night Live" to get James Bond himself, Daniel Craig, to host the comedy sketch show ahead of the film's original release. Craig will still host this Saturday night, but he's now promoting a movie that won't come out for seven months, which is less effective than if the film was coming out next month as intended. "The moving of Bond was unique to that film and, at this point, it's highly unlikely that other studios will shift release dates for their tentpole films in North America," Paul Dergarabedian, senior media analyst at Comscore, said. "Multiplexes are all open for business and audiences are excited for these upcoming titles to hit the big screen." While consumers have been stocking up on hand sanitizer, toilet paper and face masks, it's unclear if they are avoiding movie theaters. "During the prior outbreaks of SARS and H1N1, U.S. theaters remained open," research firm MoffettNathanson wrote in a note Friday. "In fact, we could even point to some strong box office results during these prior periods of heightened fears." But box-office comparisons may be hard to make, the note warns, because of changing habits. The SARS outbreak, which ran between 2002 and 2003, the H1N1 outbreak in 2009, occurred before there were tons of options for on-demand viewing at home. Attendance trends in the film industry are changing due to this competition. "However, the recent outperformance of 'Invisible Man' last week relative to industry expectations is a positive near-term data point," MoffettNathanson said. This weekend, Pixar's "Onward" and Warner Bros. "The Way Back" enter theaters. In many cases, studios will likely keep the North American release dates for films, but postpone releases in countries that have closed their movie theaters, like China. Disney's "Mulan" has long been expected to perform tremendously well in China, as it is set in the country and features a Chinese folk hero, but if theater closures continue it won't be able to be released in the country right away. The biggest worry is that the film will be pirated over the internet after its North American debut, putting a dent in potential ticket sales in Asia when the film is finally available to the public. However, some analysts suspect that there will be pent-up demand for group activities and for leaving the house to go to place like cinemas. Disney, Universal and MGM weren't immediately available to comment. Disclosure: Comcast owns NBCUniversal and CNBC. Universal is releasing "No Time to Die" internationally while MGM handles the domestic release. NBCUniversal also distributes "Saturday Night Live" and will distribute the upcoming "Trolls: World Tour." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Oblivion (Smile Empty Soul album)
Oblivion is the seventh full-length album by American post-grunge band Smile Empty Soul. The album was released on May 25, 2018. It is the first and only album with new bassist Mark Young and drummer Victor Ribas. The singles from the album include "Sides" and "Stars", "Stars" is scheduled to have a music video released the same day of the single release. The music video for "Stars" premiered live on Alternative Press's Facebook Live on 4/13/18 as scheduled.
Personnel
* Smile Empty Soul
* Sean Danielsen - lead vocals, lead & rhythm guitars, piano and bass guitar*
* Mark Young – bass guitar
* Victor Ribas – drums, backing vocals | WIKI |
-- Faberge Purchase Puts Gemfields on Jewelry Retailers’ Radar
Gemfields Plc (GEM) , the biggest emerald
producer, has received interest from jewelery retailers wanting
to buy an equity stake since it announced the purchase of
Faberge Ltd. last month. “I’m talking industry champions, national champions and
significant global institutions who suddenly realize this is
fantastic,” Ian Harebottle, CEO of the London-based mining
company, said in a Dec. 7 interview in Lusaka, Zambia’s capital. Gemfields, which mines emeralds in the southern African
nation, plans to double its production of the green gems to 4
million carats over the next five years, he said. The company
may produce as many carats of ruby over the same period,
Harebottle said. Gemfields wants to use Faberge to promote colored gems and
increase demand for the stones it mines, growing their market
share in the jewelry industry. Shareholders will vote on the
deal Jan. 7 at a meeting in London, Gemfields said in a
statement. While the U.K.-listed miner has received interest from
jewelry retailers from Canada to China, Hong Kong and the U.S.,
Gemfields is in no hurry to sell a stake, Harebottle said. “There’s no immediate need for cash,” he said, noting the
$36.7 million the company had in the bank as of June 30. “It
would have to add strategic value to the continued growth of the
business,” for Gemfields to consider selling an equity stake,
he said. The company isn’t in any talks regarding that,
Harebottle said. Securing Supplies Jewelry makers such as Canada’s Harry Winston Diamond Corp. (HW)
and Tiffany & Co. (TIF) have been cutting deals with mines to secure
supplies of rough diamonds. Chow Tai Fook (1929) , the world’s biggest
jewelry retailer by market value, signed a two-year supply
agreement with Russian diamond miner Alrosa AO on Nov. 13. Gemfields, listed on London’s Aim market for smaller
companies, plans to graduate to the main market by the end of
next year, he said. The move would provide greater exposure to
investors. The company is finalizing a contract with a “Hollywood
starlet” and will in March announce who will become the face of
Gemfield’s colored stones, as it seeks to replicate the
marketing success De Beers (AAL) enjoyed after Marilyn Monroe recorded
“Diamonds are a Girl’s Best Friend”. Faberge was founded in 1842 in St. Petersburg , and became
jeweler to the Russian Imperial Court. The company, famous for
the jeweled eggs it made for Russia’s ruling family, may open
two stores in as many years, with China, Russia and India being
possible hosts, Harebottle said. To contact the reporter on this story:
Matthew Hill in Lusaka at
mhill58@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Antony Sguazzin at
asguazzin@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Meridian (Miss.)
MERIDIAN, Miss., city, county-seat of Lauderdale County, on Alabama and Vicksburg, Alabama Great Southern, Meridian and Memphis, Mobile and Ohio, New Orleans and Northeastern and Southern railroads. It is the largest city in Mississippi in population, manufactures and commerce, surrounded by fertile farm land of which cotton and vegetables are the chief agricultural products. Among numerous industrial establishments are lumber mills, fertilizer factories, cotton-seed-oil mills, cotton mills, cotton compresses and railroad shops. The annual wholesale trade is $20,000,000; the average annual bank clearings approximate $17,000,000. Meridian is the seat of the East Mississippi Female College (M. E.), founded in 1867 and opened in 1869, the Lincoln School (Congregational), the Meridian Academy (Methodist Episcopal South), both for colored students, a Catholic high school and Saint Aloysius Academy for Girls. Among prominent features are the municipal building, county courthouse, public library, Scottish Rite Cathedral, Stonewall Club, handsome churches and fine business and banking buildings. The Mississippi-Alabama Fair, held annually at Meridian, is the second largest agricultural and stock exhibition in the South in number of exhibits and attendance. Since 1912 the commission form of government is in operation; the city owns the waterworks and has a modern equipped and salaried fire department. Electric car service, electric and gas lighting are furnished by a company with a plant of sufficient capacity for a city of 100,000 inhabitants. During the Civil War, Meridian was devastated by General Sherman, 14-20 Feb. 1864, and in March 1906 a large portion of the city was destroyed by a tornado. Pop. 30,000. | WIKI |
Plouay
Plouay (Ploue) is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany in north-western France.
Plouay hosts the GP Ouest-France and the GP de Plouay, annual cycling races (a men's and women's race, respectively). It was also the location of the UCI Road World Championships in 2000. The Tour de France has visited this town three times: in 1998, 2002 and in 2006.
Population
Inhabitants of Plouay or Ploue are called Plouaysiens in French and Plouead (Ploueiz), Ploueadez (-ed) in Breton.
Geography
Plouay is located in the west of Morbihan, 13 km northwest of Hennebont and 18.5 km north of Lorient. Historically, it belongs to Vannetais. The river Scorff forms the commune's western border. The area is hilly and forest-covered. Apart from the village centre, there are many hamlets in the commune.
History
The oldest surviving parish registers date back to 1576. The marquis of Pontcallec had in the seventeenth century in the village of Plouay court, prison, pillory and gallows with four pillars.
Breton language
The municipality launched a linguistic plan through Ya d'ar brezhoneg on 10 February 2006.
In 2008, 11.56% of the children in Plouay attended Breton-French bilingual classes in primary education.
Twin towns
Plouay is twinned with Pershore in England. | WIKI |
Framed (American TV program)
Framed is an American variety television series that airs on the IFC network. The show began in December 2007 and features athletes being interviewed by music and film stars. Shoemaker Reebok is producing the series in a partnership with the IFC network and all the athletes featured have endorsed Reebok products. Other partners involved in the series are Carat Entertainment and Roadside Entertainment. | WIKI |
Physiology Intro Flashcards
1
Q
(molecules/cells/organs) act as as sources of eneryg , serve in recognition, build larger structures that are building blocks of the cell
A
molecules
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2
Q
(molecules/cells/organs) are the smalles unit capable of carring out life , separate an internal environement , maintain it different from external thrugh barrier actions of the plasma membrane
A
cells
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3
Q
T/F cells can be specialized for specific jobs/roles
A
cells
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4
Q
(cells/tissue/organs/organ systems) are groups of cells that work to carry out a related function
A
tissues
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5
Q
(cells/tissue/organs/organ systems) are structural and functional units formed by different types of tissues that work together to do a specific job
A
organs
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6
Q
(cells/tissue/organs/organ systems) are compromized of groups of organs whos funcitons intergrate to allwo the organism to funciton in and interact with its environment in an appropriate fashion
A
organ systems
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7
Q
physiology part of biology dealing with (function/deterioration) and activities of organisms
-it also is how organisms (sense/adjust/control/compose) changes in their environment –pick two
A
function
sense and adjust
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8
Q
(Homeostasis/cell-cell communication) refers to the physiological processes that help maintain/regulate the internal environment of the body.
A
homeostasis
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9
Q
would you rather a person maintain homeostasis or equilibrium as a future health care provider? and why
A
rather a person maintain homeostasis because equilibrium nothing is changing
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10
Q
T/F knowing how something is put together often yield iimportant cluses to how the system functions
A
T
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11
Q
homeostasis the ability to maintain the interna evironment within (broad/narrow) limits
A
narrow
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12
Q
(nervous/autorine/paracrine) systems are for local communication between neighboring cells , signlas diffuse from signlaing cell to target cell
A
autorine paracrine
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13
Q
(nervous/endocrine) system gnerally allow signlas to be carried over relatively long distances, but at different rates (neural signaling is faster)
A
endocrine
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14
Q
T/F endocrine and neural systems are opposite ends of continous spectra for example hormones are secreted from nerves and are considered neurohormones
A
T
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GRAINS-Wheat, corn, down on U.S. crop conditions, weather
* USDA sees U.S. crops in reasonable state * U.S. weather forecasts not so hot and dry as feared * Egypt buys Romanian, Ukrainian wheat at tender (Recasts with U.S. trade, adds comment, changes dateline, previous HAMBURG) CHICAGO, July 9 (Reuters) - Chicago corn and wheat futures fell on Tuesday after the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) raised its condition ratings for both grains and more crop-friendly weather was forecast in the Midwest. "This downward trend has been led by wheat," said Ted Seifried of Zaner Group. "These crop conditions are absolutely bearish." Soybean futures turned higher, rallying from early declines, supported by a decline in weekly USDA crop condition ratings. Chicago Board of Trade September corn futures were down 7-3/4 cents, or 1.8%, at $4.31-3/4 a bushel at 11:21 a.m. (1521 GMT). CBOT September wheat was down 11-1/2 cents or 2.3% to $4.99-1/2 a bushel after hitting $4.99, falling below psychological support at the $5 mark for the first time since June 10. August soybean futures were up 3 cents or 0.3% to $8.82 a bushel. The USDA said in its weekly crop report on Monday that 57% of the U.S. corn crop was in good to excellent condition, up from 56% last week and matching analysts' expectations. "There was no bullish news in this report," said Seifried. The USDA said 64% of U.S. winter wheat was in good to excellent condition, up from 63% last week and above expectations of 63%. Some 47% of the U.S. winter wheat harvest was completed, above trade expectations for 45%. However, the USDA said 53% of U.S. soybeans were in good to excellent shape, down from 54% last week and bucking analyst expectations for an improvement. "Soybeans are trying to find some independent strength," said Seifried. U.S. grain futures rose on Monday after forecasts for hot and dry weather in the U.S. Midwest in the coming days, raising concern that late-planted corn and soybean crops may be stressed. But some forecasts on Tuesday included some rain later in the week. "We're not exactly sure what to make of this weather," said Seifried. "The dry air could help, but it could also distress the crops as well." Wheat futures faced additional pressure from stiff competition for export business, given ample global supplies. Russia's 2019 grain crop may be 2% to 5% bigger than last year's, said Roman Vilfand, head of research at Russian weather forecaster Hydrometcentre. Egypt's main state wheat buyer purchased 240,000 tonnes of Romanian and Ukrainian wheat at an international tender. No U.S. wheat was offered. CBOT prices as of 11:19 a.m. CDT (1619 GMT): Net Pct Volume Last change change CBOT wheat WU9 500.50 -10.50 -2.1 41231CBOT corn CU9 432.25 -7.25 -1.7 70820CBOT soybeans SQ9 882.25 3.25 0.4 20903CBOT soymeal SMQ9 306.80 1.00 0.3 10329CBOT soyoil BOQ9 28.04 0.05 0.2 6985 NOTE: CBOT September wheat and corn and August soybeans shown in cents per bushel, August soymeal in dollars per short ton and August soyoil in cents per lb. (Reporting by Barbara Smith in Chicago Additional reporting by Colin Packham Editing by David Evans and James Dalgleish) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Samuel D. Silvey
Samuel David Silvey was a British statistician. Among his contributions are the Lagrange multiplier test, and the use of eigenvalues of the moment matrix for the detection of multicollinearity. | WIKI |
To Recipes
Component lifecycle
by Alex Mazur
A microservice is a set of loosely coupled components, each of which serves a specific purpose, such as logging events, reading records from a database, or connecting to a 3rd party service.
One of the roles of the microservice’s container is to correctly initialize all internal components, each of which can have its own lifecycle. For example, loading its own configuration, running certain functional processes, and even waiting for results from other components. The order in which component lifecycle management methods are called is as follows:
1. Configuration of the component is performed (configure)
2. Components are linked (setReference)
3. Connections are opened and active processes are started (open)
...
4. Business processes are called or event notifications are sent (execute, notify)
...
5. Active processes are stopped and connections are closed (close)
6. The links between components are destroyed (unsetReferences)
7. The component is destroyed
A flexible and, at the same time, standardized approach was developed in the Pip.Services Toolkit for initializing components. This approach preserves the conceptual integrity of the whole microservice, while keeping the source code clean, coherent, and testable. A component’s lifecycle is determined by which of the following interfaces it implements:
• IConfigurable – component configuration [Config],
• IReferenceable и IUnreferenceable – setting and destroying references to other components [Reference],
• IOpenable и IClosable – starting and stopping internal functional processes [Openable],
• IExecutable – execution of functional processes [Executable].
• INotifiable - sending event notifications [Notifiable]
public interface IConfigurable
{
void Configure(ConfigParams config);
}
public interface IReferenceable
{
void SetReferences(IReferences references);
}
public interface IOpenable : IClosable
{
bool IsOpen();
Task OpenAsync(string correlationId);
}
public interface IClosable
{
Task CloseAsync(string correlationId);
}
public interface IExecutable
{
Task<object> ExecuteAsync(string correlationId, Parameters args);</object>
}
Microservice developers are free to implement just the interfaces needed by their components. When the container is started, all implemented methods will be called in the previously mentioned order.
For example:
public sealed class CounterController : IReferenceable, IReconfigurable, IOpenable, IExecutable
{
private readonly CompositeLogger _logger = new CompositeLogger();
private FixedRateTimer Timer { get; set; } = new FixedRateTimer();
private Parameters Parameters { get; set; } = new Parameters();
private long Counter { get; set; } = 0;
public void Configure(ConfigParams config)
{
Parameters = Parameters.FromConfig(config);
}
public void SetReferences(IReferences references)
{
_logger.SetReferences(references);
}
public bool IsOpen()
{
return Timer.IsStarted;
}
public Task OpenAsync(string correlationId)
{
Timer.Task = new Action(async () => await ExecuteAsync(correlationId, Parameters));
Timer.Interval = 1000;
Timer.Delay = 1000;
Timer.Start();
_logger.Trace(correlationId, "Counter controller opened");
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
public Task CloseAsync(string correlationId)
{
Timer.Stop();
_logger.Trace(correlationId, "Counter controller closed");
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
public async Task<object> ExecuteAsync(string correlationId, Parameters parameters)</object>
{
_logger.Info(correlationId, "{0} - {1}", Counter++,
Parameters.GetAsStringWithDefault("message", "Hello World!"));
return await Task.FromResult(Counter);
}
}
The Pip.Service’s Toolkit also includes a few utilities that can be used during microservice development:
- Opener – initiates the functional processes of selected components,
- Closer – stops the functional processes of selected components,
- Executor – runs the functional processes of selected components,
- Notifier - sends event notifications for selected components.
- Cleaner – cleans the current state of selected components.
For example:
await Opener.OpenAsync(correlationId, _references.GetAll());
await Closer.CloseAsync(correlationId, _references.GetAll());
abstract class IConfigurable {
void configure(ConfigParams config);
}
abstract class IReferenceable {
void setReferences(IReferences references);
}
abstract class IOpenable implements IClosable {
bool isOpen();
Future open(String correlationId);
}
abstract class IClosable {
Future close(String correlationId);
}
abstract class IExecutable {
Future<dynamic> execute(String correlationId, Parameters args);</dynamic>
}
Microservice developers are free to implement just the interfaces needed by their components. When the container is started, all implemented methods will be called in the previously mentioned order.
For example:
class CounterController implements IReferenceable, IReconfigurable, IOpenable, IExecutable
{
final CompositeLogger _logger = new CompositeLogger();
final FixedRateTimer timer = new FixedRateTimer();
final Parameters parameters = new Parameters();
int counter = 0;
void configure(config ConfigParams )
{
parameters = Parameters.fromConfig(config);
}
public void setReferences(references IReferences)
{
_logger.setReferences(references);
}
public bool IsOpen()
{
return timer.isStarted;
}
Future open(correlationId String) async
{
timer.task = () async {return await Execute(correlationId, parameters)};
timer.interval = 1000;
timer.delay = 1000;
timer.start();
_logger.trace(correlationId, "Counter controller opened");
}
Future close(correlationId String)
{
timer.stop();
_logger.trace(correlationId, "Counter controller closed");
}
Future<int> Execute(correlationId String, parameters Parameters ) async</int>
{
_logger.info(correlationId, "$s - $s", counter++,
parameters.getAsStringWithDefault("message", "Hello World!"));
return counter;
}
}
The Pip.Service’s Toolkit also includes a few utilities that can be used during microservice development:
- Opener – initiates the functional processes of selected components,
- Closer – stops the functional processes of selected components,
- Executor – runs the functional processes of selected components,
- Notifier - sends event notifications for selected components.
- Cleaner – cleans the current state of selected components.
For example:
await Opener.open(correlationId, references.getAll());
await Closer.close(correlationId, references.getAll()); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
John B. Selby
Wing Commander John Beauchamp Selby, (19 March 1915 – 17 February 1991) was a Royal Air Force flying ace during the Second World War. He was credited with 5 aerial victories.
Early life
Selby was born in London on 19 March 1915. He attended the Oratory School in Berkshire. Prior to the Second World War he worked in a number of professions including in advertising, broadcasting and also concert performance.
Second World War service
In early 1942 he was serving with No. 73 Squadron flying Hawker Hurricanes. He scored his first aerial victory on the night of 25/26 May 1942 against a Regia Aeronautica Fiat CR.42, one of nine attacking RAF Gambut airfield as part of a series of attacks by Italian and German aircraft on Allied air bases in advance of the Battle of Gazala. He was credited with a Junkers Ju 88 bomber damaged over Gambut on 27 May, and on 8 June, during the Battle of Bir Hakeim, claimed a German Messerschmitt Bf 109 shot down over the besieged oasis. Selby claimed a Ju 88 shot down north of Fouka, Egypt on the night of 27/28 June 1942. On 3 July, during the First Battle of El Alamein, he claimed a Junkers Ju 87 damaged and on 7 July, a CR.42 shot down. On 10 July, in a battle between 11 Hurricanes of 73 Squadron and five CR.42s and their escort of four Bf 109s, Selby's Hurricane was hit and he made a forced landing. He claimed an enemy aircraft damaged during a night intruder mission to Maaten Bagush on the night of 7/8 September 1942.
Selby was promoted to Squadron leader in October 1942, taking over command of 73 Squadron on 1 October. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross in October 1942, and the Distinguished Service Order in February 1943.
From February to April 1943 he was on leave and during this time he assisted Fitzroy Maclean in supply missions to the Yugoslav Partisans.
In April 1943 Selby was promoted to wing commander, taking over command of No. 23 Squadron at RAF Luqa, Malta equipped with the de Havilland Mosquito on 25 April. The squadron was employed on intruder and ground attack duties, but had suffered heavy losses over the previous few months. On the night of 20/21 July 1943 he claimed his 5th aerial victory, a Heinkel He 111 shot down near Lecce in southern Italy, attaining flying ace status. He remained in command of 23 Squadron until 5 September 1943.
Post war
Following his retirement from the RAF in 1947, Selby worked for a time with the BBC's overseas service. He also ran his own business in Rome, worked in the City of London as well as the Middle East and Geneva. He retired in 1978 and moved to Vence in Alpes Maritime, where he died on 17 February 1991. He was married with two children. | WIKI |
Talk:Crusade of 1197
Name
Tourskin, I believe there are better names for this; "Crusade of Henry VI" or "Crusade of 1194" or "German Crusade of 1194" are names that spring to mind. "Henry's crusade" could mean any Henry. Adam Bishop 05:16, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
* Absolutely, I came up with this name because there is no other official name. Crusade of 1194 sounds ok. German Crusade of 1194 means that the earlier German Crusade in 1096 needs a date too. Crusade of 1194 sounds good cos there may have been non-German elements of the Holy Roman Empire. Tourskin 07:01, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
* Okay, I've moved it. I meant 1197, not 1194; I was going by the date of Henry's death given in this article. Are you sure Norwich says 1195? Adam Bishop 18:45, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
* To quote from Norwich's book, "But what became of the great expedition proclaimed by Henry in 1195?"Tourskin 06:29, 14 September 2007 (UTC)
* Yes it is 1195. I am very sure of it - its right in front of me right now! lol cant prove it tho. Tourskin 06:30, 14 September 2007 (UTC)
* Hmm, that's odd. It's 1197 everywhere else. Adam Bishop 09:24, 14 September 2007 (UTC)
* Truly? Without soundng smug or anything, why has no one made the article or even mentioned it until I did? Besides, I would like to see these sources that amount to "everywhere else" - lol! But still... so show me!!
A Hyped and Crusading Tourskin 07:55, 17 September 2007 (UTC)
The thing is this: If the First Crusade was to be named on its date, what would it be called? Crusade of 1096 or Crusade of 1099? The date of the greatest action or the date of departure? The Crusade initiated in 1195. Henry died that year but the Crusaders did not hear of it until later and only a civil war stopped the Crusade in 1197. So in my opinion, it should be called crusade of 1195.
Another distantly related military example is the War of 1812 between teh US and the UK. The war ended in 1815, but the war began in 1812, hence its name.
So to conclude the name of the Crusade should be 1195, when it was "taken up" by Henry IV, son of the Red beard.Tourskin 08:02, 17 September 2007 (UTC)
* Well our own Henry VI of Germany article says he died in 1197. Google also shows a majority for "Crusade of 1197", including the Medieval Sourcebook. Adam Bishop 18:43, 17 September 2007 (UTC)
* I can't argue with you there. I just don't see why. 1197 is not a particularly special year other than perhaps that when they reached the holy land. It can't be argued that the crusade was not launched in 1195 but after googling I saw that 1197 is mentioned date so I concede. Tourskin 06:32, 20 September 2007 (UTC)
This IS the German Crusade and it took place in 1197. -- Secisek (talk) 05:51, 26 March 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
pohjaaminen
Noun
* 1) basing on
* 2) furnishing with a sole or soles
* 1) furnishing with a sole or soles | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Radivision
The result was delete. Ritchie333 (talk) (cont) 15:29, 1 September 2018 (UTC)
Radivision
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
The company est. in 2017 with just 10 employees (Angel.com) doesn't meet company notability guidelines. And very promotional. Bbarmadillo (talk) 20:54, 24 August 2018 (UTC)
* Delete. pure advertising from an editor moving his own contriutionds out of draft. No scope for improvement, because there is no notability either. DGG ( talk ) 01:02, 25 August 2018 (UTC) �
* Delete. Does not meet WP:CORPDEPTH. Agree that it is purely advertising - the username of the author is remarkably similar to the name of a Radivision employee. Jmertel23 (talk) 14:04, 25 August 2018 (UTC)
* Delete. Yep, totally promotional and doesn't meet WP:ORG. MutchyMan112 (talk) 14:36, 25 August 2018 (UTC)
* Delete Apart from being totally promotional, largely the sources are either about the founder, or just a business analysis. Doesn't meet WP:NCORP totally. –Ammarpad (talk) 05:42, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
| WIKI |
2010 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix
The 2010 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix was the fourth season of BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix.
Schedule
Below is the schedule released by Badminton World Federation:
{{legend|gold|Grand Prix Gold|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
Grand Prix Gold
* India Open
* June 8–June 13, Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Chennai, India.
* Malaysia Open Grand Prix Gold
* July 6–July 11, Johor Bahru City Stadium, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
* U.S. Open
* July 19–24, Orange County Badminton Club, Orange County, California, United States.
* Macau Open
* July 27–August 1, Cotai Arena, Taipa, Macau.
* Chinese Taipei Open
* August 3–8, Taipei County Shinjuang Stadium, Taipei County, Republic of China (Taiwan).
* Bitburger Open
* August 31–September 5, Saarlandhalle, Saarbrücken, Germany.
* Indonesia Open Grand Prix Gold
* October 12–17, Palaran Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Grand Prix
* German Open
* March 2–March 7, RWE Rhein-Ruhr Sporthalle, Mülheim, Germany.
* Russian Open
* June 29–July 4, Sports Hall Olympic, Vladivostok, Russia.
* Australian Open
* July 13–July 18, Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
* Canadian Open
* July 13–July 18, Richmond Oval, Richmond, Canada.
* Vietnam Open
* October 5–10, Phan Dinh Phung Stadium, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
* Dutch Open
* October 19–24, Topsportcentrum Almere, Almere, Netherlands.
* Korea Grand Prix
* November 23–28, Gimcheon City Indoor Stadium, Gimcheon, South Korea.
* India Open Grand Prix
* December 14–19, KVBR Indoor Stadium, Hyderabad, India. | WIKI |
Too little sleep or too much sleep can throw your stress and regulatory hormones out of whack, and may lead to weight gain. A single night of sleep deprivation can increase levels of ghrelin (a hormone that promotes hunger), making you more likely to overeat the next day. Reduced sleep may also lead to fatigue during the day (duh) and less physical activity, which may be another reason why people who regularly don't get enough sleep tend to gain weight.
If shopping for healthy food makes you break out in a cold sweat, rest assured losing weight fast is easier than it appears. Avoid crackers, chips, candy and other processed foods and shop primarily in the produce section for a rainbow of colors to fill your plate instead. This is the simplest and most effective way to maintain stable blood sugar by keeping your body burning fat as fuel.
With Get Fitness centers' health club and gym memberships, our number one priority is to help members achieve their health and fitness goals. Florida fitness center memberships help you get closer to your ultimate health goal each day. Our gym equipment is not only easy for everyone, including beginners, to use but it is also powerful enough for even the most dedicated fitness guru in the gym.
"When we’re lacking in sleep, our body’s hormones get thrown off balance which can impact our hunger levels the next day. We all have two hormones that affect our appetite: ghrelin and leptin. When we don’t get enough sleep, our ghrelin levels (the hormone that makes us feel hungry) rise, and our leptin levels (the hormone that makes us feel full) drop. This means that when we’re awake, we tend to eat more but feel less satisfied. Try going to bed a little earlier than usual to avoid this imbalance and remember to remove any distractions that might prevent you from nodding off."
“A healthy weight is incredibly important in our overall health," says Shirin Badrtalei-Shah, DO, MPH, a physician at Kaiser Permamente in Southern California. "Being overweight and making poor food choices affects us in many different ways. It plays a role in our overall mood, how well we can focus and concentrate, our sleep and our energy level."
While I wish the smart notification system on the fenix was more interactive when paired with iOS (like on the Apple Watch), it's still nice to be able to check your wrist on the run to see if that buzz on your phone is something you need to pause and take care of. I do miss the coaching available in other apps. Garmin Connect is a top notch way to view your workout data, but you need to bring your own plan.
During your workout, it serves up a ridiculous amount of data, including a heart rate monitor that's rivaled only by Apple's latest Series 4 watch. Plus you can pair your favorite Bluetooth headphones and sync with a Spotify premium account to listen to downloaded playlists right from your watch. If you want to get up and go, phone free, you can do just that.
Although eating candy and drinking alcohol can potentially deter your weight loss goals, you won't have to swear these treats off for good. In fact, according to Clark, you can absolutely still expect to lose weight fast without giving up your favorite indulgences. “I personally eat dark chocolate almost every day, if not daily!” she says. “I drink wine at least once or twice a week.”
Research demonstrates that eating later can actually lead to slower weight loss, while eating a larger meal at breakfast and smaller meals throughout the day can help you lose more weight! And while we’re not going to tell you to restrict yourself to no food after 6 p.m, it’s important to consider what time of day you struggle most with temptation.
Unlike most Gyms, with endless intimidating gym equipment, Get Fit. is focused on group fitness classes. Whether you prefer Yoga, Group Power, or Cycling we have a class to suit your needs. By offering a variety of classes at convenient times, we have something for everyone. Our instructors offer a fun, supportive and enjoyable atmosphere no matter what your fitness level may be. We are dedicated to encouraging the community to take a step toward a healthier, happier life.
getfit is great in that it is pretty satisfying to see how my physical activity measures up. It also prompts me to kick myself when the goals are not met. The different elements that allow the community to get to know MIT better (e.g., the tunnel walks) are pretty cool. It provides another avenue for me to connect with my friends, and I think getfit is a great program to enhance wellness at MIT.
× | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
BRIEF-Kimberly-Clark Q2 adjusted earnings $1.53/share
July 25 (Reuters) - Kimberly-Clark Corp * Clark announces second quarter 2016 results * Q2 adjusted earnings per share $1.53 * Q2 earnings per share view $1.48 — Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S * Q2 earnings per share $1.56 * Q2 sales $4.6 billion versus I/B/E/S view $4.56 billion * Clark corp says Q2 personal care segment sales of $2.3 billion decreased 1 percent * Clark Corp says Q2 consumer tissue segment sales of $1.5 billion were essentially even with prior year * Clark Corp - “Confirming our bottom-line earnings guidance for 2016” * Full-year 2016 earnings per share view $6.09 — Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S * Clark Corp - organic sales growth is anticipated to be at low end of previously assumed range of 3 to 5 percent for full-year * Sees full-year 2016 earnings per share $5.92 to $6.15 * Sees full-year 2016 adjusted earnings per share $5.95 to $6.15 * Clark - restructuring expected to complete by 2016 end, total costs anticipated to be toward high end of range of $130 to $160 million after tax Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage: | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Piopio (bird)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Piopio
South Island Piopio in front, North Island Piopio at rear.
Conservation status
Extinct (early 20th century)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Suborder: Passeri
Family: Oriolidae
Genus: Turnagra
Lesson, 1837
Species
Turnagra capensis
Turnagra tanagra
Synonyms
Keropia Gray, 1840
Otagon Bonaparte, 1850
The piopios or turnagras comprise a genus of two passerine birds endemic to New Zealand, both of which are now considered extinct. Sometimes described as New Zealand thrushes, the piopios had only a coincidental, passing resemblance to the Thrush family. Piopios have been a longstanding taxonomic mystery. They are often said to have more in common with the bowerbird family of Australia, but differ in terms of nest construction, egg marking, and voice. A relationship has also suggested with the whistlers (Pachycephalidae). The IOC regarded this family as incertae sedis until the question is resolved whether the genus Turnagra belongs to the Ptilonorhynchidae family.[1] The genus was finally placed in the Old World oriole family (Oriolidae), possibly closely related to the figbirds.[2] The specific names of both species were based on mistakes; Turnagra capensis was so named because Anders Sparrman mixed up his specimens and thought the bird had been collected in South Africa (capensis referring to the Cape). The North Island's Turnagra tanagra was so named because it was thought to be related to the tanagers of the Americas.[3]
Illustration of the two species
Little is known about their biology. They frequented the undergrowth and forest floor. Their nests were well constructed cups placed in trees a few metres from the ground, in which two to four eggs were laid. Walter Buller described their calls as being amongst the most beautiful of any New Zealand bird. They were also able to mimic the calls of other birds. They were omnivorous, with records of them hawking for insects over a river, as well as eating spiders, fruit and oats.[3]
Extensive deforestation throughout the country (particularly in the lowlands) and the introduction of mammalian predators, particularly rats, to the North and South Islands in the 19th century during the period of European settlement are believed to have caused the extinctions of both species. The last verified North Island Piopio was shot in 1902, although poorly documented sightings were reported as late as the 1970s. The South Island Piopio was last recorded in 1905. Plans to move birds to predator-free islands were mooted but either never acted on or were derailed due to the lack of suitable sanctuaries.[4]
Species of Turnagridae[edit]
References[edit]
1. ^ IOC World Bird List Vol. 2
2. ^ Johansson, Ulf; Eric Pasquet; Martin Irestedt (2011). "The New Zealand Thrush: An Extinct Oriole". PloS One 6 (9). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024317. PMC 3170299. PMID 21931679.
3. ^ a b Worthy, Trevor H.; Richard N. Holdaway (2002). The Lost World of the Moa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 424–427. ISBN 0-253-34034-9.
4. ^ Tennyson, A. & Martinson, P. (2006) Extinct Birds of New Zealand Te Papa Press,Wellington ISBN 978-0-909010-21-8
External links[edit] | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Development of an electric drive for wheelchairs (GO-Quad)
The project aims to find a solution for the stability issues of wheelchairs with an electric drive.
Factsheet
• Lead school(s) School of Engineering and Computer Science
• Institute Institute for Energy and Mobility Research IEM
• Duration (planned) 01.01.2022 - 31.12.2023
• Project management Prof. Sebastian Tobler
• Head of project Prof. Sebastian Tobler
• Keywords Wheelchair , scooter, electric assist, innovation, disability
Background
The assemblies comprising of a wheelchair and an electric drive (in the form of a scooter) are vehicles which aim to enable people with reduced mobility to travel as much as possible. In this type of system, all of the drive force is applied on the scooter’s front wheel. As the centre of gravity of these vehicles tends to lie at the back, it is difficult to transfer the wheel’s drive force to the ground when going uphill. A further problem is that the brakes applied by hand at the front of the scooter only work on the front wheel. When going uphill, the loss of grip can cause falls and potentially dangerous sliding. In conclusion, a single front drive wheel presents major stability issues, making it too easy for the vehicle to topple over on bends. Direct impact to the head (without a helmet) after tipping over at 10km/h (without being able to use legs or the upper body to brace the impact) presents a high risk of serious injury.
Procedure
The SCI-Mobility lab has launched a project to redesign this system. The thinking behind this project is to focus on the issue of transmitting the drive force in an initial stage. A method had to be found to avoid losing grip and to ensure the electric drive can always transfer power to the wheels. Proposals to provide better scooter stability also had to be produced.
Solution
The solution proposed by the SCI-Mobility lab is to transfer the drive force to the rear axle of the wheelchair. A system with a drive shaft and a differential is installed on the chair. This approach means the centre of gravity is much better positioned in relation to the drive wheels. This prevents scenarios where the drive wheels are destabilised and slip instead of transmitting power. With regard to stability, the single front wheel of traditional systems is replaced by two wheels; thus improving the front track and therefore stability too. This step significantly reduces the risk of lateral tilting at low and medium speeds.
Model of a wheelchair, where the drive force is transferred to the rear axle. Additionally, there are two front wheels instead of just one to further improve stability.
Model of a wheelchair, where the drive force is transferred to the rear axle. Additionally, there are two front wheels instead of just one to further improve stability. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Nationwide strike called at Metro's German supermarket chain Real
FRANKFURT, Nov 23 (Reuters) - German services union Verdi has called a nationwide strike at Metro AG’s Real hypermarket chain for next Monday to press a demand for its 34,000 staff to be covered by a collective pay deal. Verdi said in a statement that Metro had in June bailed out of the pay agreement so that it could hire new staff more cheaply, and had also let go 4,500 staff on fixed-term contracts to cut costs. Metro CEO Olaf Koch has put Real up for sale, with private equity firms seen as the most likely bidders for the hypermarkets business that has struggled to compete in the cut-throat German market. (Reporting by Douglas Busvine, editing by Riham Alkousaa) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Bill Gates leaves Microsoft board
Microsoft announced on Friday that Bill Gates is leaving the board, effective Friday. Gates is also stepping down from his position on the board of Berkshire Hathaway. "I have made the decision to step down from both of the public boards on which I serve – Microsoft and Berkshire Hathaway – to dedicate more time to philanthropic priorities including global health and development, education, and my increasing engagement in tackling climate change," Gates said on LinkedIn. "The leadership at the Berkshire companies and Microsoft has never been stronger, so the time is right to take this step." "With respect to Microsoft, stepping down from the board in no way means stepping away from the company," Gates said. "Microsoft will always be an important part of my life's work and I will continue to be engaged with Satya and the technical leadership to help shape the vision and achieve the company's ambitious goals. I feel more optimistic than ever about the progress the company is making and how it can continue to benefit the world." Gates co-founded Microsoft in 1975 with Paul Allen, who died in 2018. Gates was CEO until 2000 when Steve Ballmer took over the role. Microsoft's current CEO, Satya Nadella, took over in 2014. Gates was director of the board at Microsoft until 2014 but began dedicating more of his time to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in 2008. Gates is among Microsoft's top shareholders. He owns 1.36% of shares, according to FactSet. The company went public in 1986 and is now one of the most highly valued companies in the world with a market cap of $1.21 trillion. "It's been a tremendous honor and privilege to have worked with and learned from Bill over the years," said Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella. "Bill founded our company with a belief in the democratizing force of software and a passion to solve society's most pressing challenges. And Microsoft and the world are better for it. The board has benefited from Bill's leadership and vision. And Microsoft will continue to benefit from Bill's ongoing technical passion and advice to drive our products and services forward. I am grateful for Bill's friendship and look forward to continuing to work alongside him to realize our mission to empower every person and every organization on the planet to achieve more." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
MGPI Q1 Earnings Call: Revenue Tops Expectations, Margin Pressures Remain Amid Strategic Refocusing
Food and beverage supplier MGP Ingredients (NASDAQ:MGPI) reported revenue ahead of Wall Street’s expectations in Q1 CY2025, but sales fell by 28.7% year on year to $121.7 million. The company expects the full year’s revenue to be around $530 million, close to analysts’ estimates. Its non-GAAP profit of $0.36 per share was 3.3% below analysts’ consensus estimates.
Is now the time to buy MGPI? Find out in our full research report (it’s free).
Revenue: $121.7 million vs analyst estimates of $117.5 million (28.7% year-on-year decline, 3.5% beat)
Adjusted EPS: $0.36 vs analyst expectations of $0.37 (3.3% miss)
Adjusted EBITDA: $21.76 million vs analyst estimates of $19.54 million (17.9% margin, 11.3% beat)
The company reconfirmed its revenue guidance for the full year of $530 million at the midpoint
Management reiterated its full-year Adjusted EPS guidance of $2.60 at the midpoint
EBITDA guidance for the full year is $110 million at the midpoint, above analyst estimates of $107.9 million
Operating Margin: -0.6%, down from 17% in the same quarter last year
Free Cash Flow was $24.76 million, up from -$2.4 million in the same quarter last year
Market Capitalization: $691.8 million
MGP Ingredients delivered first quarter results that management described as in line with expectations, emphasizing early progress on its core initiatives to stabilize the brown goods (whiskey) business and focus on premium brands within its Branded Spirits segment. Interim CEO and CFO Brandon Gall highlighted that while industry-wide whiskey inventories remain elevated and consumer demand is cautious, targeted investments in premium products like Penelope, El Mayor, and Rebel 100 led to growth within the company’s Premium Plus portfolio. Gall noted, “These early signs of stabilization are encouraging and give us confidence that the proactive steps we’re taking are beginning to take hold.”
Looking ahead, management reaffirmed its full-year revenue and profit guidance, citing ongoing productivity initiatives and cost controls as central to achieving its targets. Gall reiterated that operational execution, particularly in ingredient production and customer partnerships, will be key for the remainder of the year. The company believes its pipeline of innovation and efficiency projects, along with a strengthened balance sheet, position it to navigate current market headwinds. Management stated it would continue to monitor the industry’s inventory correction and supply chain challenges, maintaining a focus on shareholder value creation.
MGP Ingredients’ management attributed first quarter performance to a mix of consumer and industry trends, as well as disciplined execution of strategic initiatives. The quarter’s deviations from analyst expectations were primarily linked to a sharper decline in year-over-year revenues, offset by better-than-expected cost controls and working capital management.
Premium Plus brands drive growth: The Branded Spirits segment’s Premium Plus portfolio, including Penelope, El Mayor, and Rebel 100, posted 7% growth, fueled by targeted brand investment and product innovation such as Penelope Wheated and ready-to-serve cocktails.
Distilling Solutions stabilization efforts: Management focused on recalibrating customer contracts and production volumes in Distilling Solutions, leading to more collaborative customer relationships and extended agreements, though overall brown goods volumes and pricing were down as anticipated.
Ingredient Solutions execution challenges: Sales in the Ingredient Solutions segment were impacted by adverse weather and the Atchison distillery closure, but management cited progress on operational projects like the Deep Well and biofuel facilities, expected to improve efficiency and margin in future quarters.
Cost structure and productivity: The company’s ongoing productivity agenda, including scheduling optimization and supply chain efficiencies, helped mitigate margin pressures from lower whiskey volumes and ingredient production issues.
Leadership and governance updates: The ongoing CEO search continues, but recent Board of Directors changes are intended to strengthen oversight and support execution of growth initiatives, with Gall emphasizing that strategic projects are moving forward despite interim leadership.
Management’s outlook for the remainder of the year is shaped by ongoing efforts to optimize product mix, improve operational reliability, and navigate an industry-wide inventory reset, with a focus on margin discipline and targeted brand investments.
Premiumization strategy: The company believes continued emphasis on premium spirits brands and innovation will support revenue stability, even as mid- and value-tier brands face ongoing declines and promotional pressures.
Operational improvements: Projects in ingredient production, such as the new biofuel facility and increased maintenance investment, are expected to improve reliability and reduce costs, positioning the Ingredient Solutions segment for sequential improvement.
Risks from market dynamics: Management acknowledged the risk of prolonged elevated whiskey inventories across the industry, as well as potential supply chain disruptions and consumer caution, which could affect timing and magnitude of any recovery.
Marc Torrente (Wells Fargo): Asked about the visibility and progress in recalibrating customer contracts in Distilling Solutions. Management said 75% of customer negotiations are complete, with most adjustments reflected in current guidance and further extensions possible.
Bill Chappell (Truist Securities): Sought more detail on stabilization actions for mid- and value-tier spirits brands and improvement plans for Ingredient Solutions. Management pointed to price support strategies and operational investments, expecting gradual improvement but emphasizing execution risk.
Seamus Cassidy (TD Cowen): Questioned whether Premium Plus growth exceeded expectations and how pricing actions will impact segment margins. Management confirmed a strong start from Penelope but maintained a cautious full-year outlook, noting that price reductions do not always translate to lower margins.
Sean McGowan (ROTH Capital): Inquired about any demand shifts related to tariff concerns and the sustainability of Penelope’s improved performance. Management reported no evidence of tariff-driven customer behavior and reiterated optimism about Penelope’s growth trajectory.
Mitch Pinheiro (Sturdivant): Asked about production timing, inventory management, and the effect of lower throughput on cost structure. Management explained that higher Q1 branded barrel put-away was due to scheduling and affirmed productivity initiatives are designed to maintain competitiveness despite volume reductions.
In upcoming quarters, the StockStory team will be monitoring (1) the pace and success of renegotiated customer contracts and inventory management in the Distilling Solutions segment, (2) operational reliability and throughput improvements in Ingredient Solutions as new projects come online, and (3) the ability of premium brands to offset declines in mid- and value-tier spirits. Execution on cost-saving and productivity initiatives, as well as the ongoing CEO search, will also be key indicators of future performance.
MGP Ingredients currently trades at a forward P/E ratio of 12.2×. At this valuation, is it a buy or sell post earnings? The answer lies in our free research report.
The market surged in 2024 and reached record highs after Donald Trump’s presidential victory in November, but questions about new economic policies are adding much uncertainty for 2025.
While the crowd speculates what might happen next, we’re homing in on the companies that can succeed regardless of the political or macroeconomic environment. Put yourself in the driver’s seat and build a durable portfolio by checking out our Top 5 Growth Stocks for this month. This is a curated list of our High Quality stocks that have generated a market-beating return of 176% over the last five years.
Stocks that made our list in 2020 include now familiar names such as Nvidia (+1,545% between March 2020 and March 2025) as well as under-the-radar businesses like the once-small-cap company Exlservice (+354% five-year return). Find your next big winner with StockStory today. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Yearim
Yearim Productions Co., Ltd., ((주)예림프로덕션) founded in 1991, is a full service 2D (including digital animation) South Korean animation studio located in Seoul, South Korea with a satellite office in Los Angeles.
Films
* Tom and Jerry: The Fast and the Furry (2005)
* Peanuts: Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown (2010)
* Two Dreadful Children – Pilot (2007)
* Down The Tubes – Pilot (2007)
* TV Spot for World Cup (2006)
* Me, Eloise (2006)
* The Karate Guard (2005)
* Baby Looney Tunes (2002–2005)
* PSA: Daffy Duck For President (2004)
* Walmart: Commercial Spot (2003)
* Free for All (2003)
* The Freshman (2002)
* Channel Umptee-3 (1997)
* Extreme Ghostbusters (1997) | WIKI |
Egypt's Golden Empire
1.Why were elaborate tombs so important to pharaohs as well as everyday Egyptians?
Elaborate tombs were so important because they wanted to be prepared for there “after life.” They wanted to have every thing they used during a normal day so they could do the same in the after life. They wanted text descriptions to tell them how to get to the afterlife.
2.Ancient Egyptians believed in the afterlife. Discuss this idea and the specific things Egyptians did as part of their burial customs to prepare for this journey to the afterlife.
Egyptians would prepare for burial by working on their tombs. Decorating them with illustrations of their image of the after life. They would also store extra goods in there tomb such as jewelry and gold, they believed they would obtain these goods in the afterlife. They would also provide food for the tombs, for the spirit to eat and trade in the afterlife.
3.What religious ceremonies and/or gods and goddesses were associated with Egyptian burial and death?
The egyptian god of the dead was Osiris. After the elaborate mummification procedure had come to an end, the mummy inside its coffin began its final journey to its tomb it house for eternity.Friends, family and professional mourners would gather at the home of the deceased, here they would begin the long procession to the tomb carrying items to accompany the deceased in the Beyond, and to show their grief.
4.What does the way a tomb is decorated and the items buried with the dead tell us about the person buried there?
Based on where the person was buried we can assume what class they were in. If they were buried close to the Pharaoh it is most likely that they were important. If they had many jewels and gold surrounding there coffin they would most likely be in a higher class. It was also how they were buried and there coffin and clothes.
5.What were some of the typical, everyday items that might be included in an Ancient Egypt tomb, and why were these included?
Gold and Jewels because they would store the extra money so that they had for there tombs. They had scrolls about the Pharaoh, they also had in-carvings in stone that would explain some of the things they talked about.
Egypt's Golden Empire
6.How did the tombs of the pharaohs and royal family members differ from those of the average Egytian?
They had a lot more gold and jewelry in there tombs. The Pharaohs would also be located near the great places of Egypt and would have many large figures and statues around them. The would be located close together, in a certain section and the average Egyptians were in another section.
7.What did traditional Egyptian artwork look like during the time of the great Pharaohs?
Usually the workers would make draws and carve sketches into rock of the pharaohs. Because they thought that honoring the pharaohs would allow them to have a good time in the afterlife. They would also sketch what it was like in there daily life.
8.Why was being a tomb builder considered a very important job in ancient egypt?
In ancient egypt the tombs were the egyptians gateway to the afterlife. The tombs would have to contain walls of text, that would allow them to get into the afterlife. If the workers messed up on the inscriptions the pharaohs would not be able to make it to the afterlife.
9.Describe, briefly, the process of mummification and why it was used by the ancient Egyptians.
The process of mummification has two stages. First, the embalming of the body. Then, the wrapping and burial of the body.
10.List other important information associated with death, tombs, and burial in ancient Egypt.
The workers that worked on the tombs would life in one place and would have to stay there. In the streets there were guards so that the workers did not reveal the location of the burial and how to get passed it. Because grave robbing was a very serious thing back then. They would also have very narrow paths out of the village so it was hard to get out. | FINEWEB-EDU |
When switching on your XP DEUS II Metal Detector, the first thing you’ll find is the audio menu. You can choose between wireless, remote control speaker, vibration, or wired. Switch between the vibration and remote control speaker for a quiet or louder operation. Pair your DEUS II with the WS6 backphones for wireless weatherproof applications or the BH-01 bone-conducting headset for underwater use.
The XP DEUS II metal detector features 12 installed simultaneous multi-frequency default programs, 12 custom user-programmed slots or 49 single frequencies from 4 to 45 kHz. Once you have selected your audio settings, you can use the keypad to flip through the default programs, perfectly programmed to take full advantage of the fast simultaneous multi-frequency technology in a range of different terrains. Below are the default programs and their ideal use:
● Program 1 is a general program and uses a multi-frequency up to 45kHz to cover every target range.
● Program 2 and 3 is SENSITIVE and SENSITIVE FULL TONE, making the detector more sensitive to certain targets and soil conditions.
● Program 4 is FAST; similar to the XP DEUS setting, FAST is used for difficult wet ground conditions.
● Program 5, PARK, uses a bottle cap reject, great for places where targets like bottle caps are a problem.
● Program 6 is DEEP HC which is specifically programmed for highly conductive targets.
● Program 7 is the DEUS MONO, a single frequency setting that can be set from 4 to 45kHz with some wide offsets in between.
● Program 8 is your GOLDFIELD program, perfect for gold hunting.
● Program 9 is a RELIC program, Similar to the GOLDFIELD program, but with a lower frequency and a slower reactivity, perfect for deeper targets.
● Program 10 is the DIVING program and is used when underwater.
● Program 11 is BEACH mode, used to eliminate the disturbances from the wet sand to give clearer tones.
● Program 12 is BEACH SENSITIVE mode, similar to program 11 but more sensitive for targets like gold chains.
When selecting the expert option, you can choose your discrimination, tones, and bottle cap reject level etc. You will also find a notch setting which is an essential feature. It allows you to notch out unwanted targets or ground signals and allows signals through that you are specifically looking for. You also have custom settings like sensitivity, iron volume, reactivity and frequency shift. The DEUS II has an auto-scan feature that scans the ground while running through the frequencies to find a stable signal with frequency shift. The general home screen features an easy to read display that at the top displays the discrimination range, the program underneath with a horseshoe ferrous/non-ferrous indicator, menus and a convenient clock to keep track of the time. Battery indicators, ground levels etc., are also displayed on the home screen, so you know when to charge your remote or coils.
The XP DEUS II metal detector is no doubt feature-packed, and hopefully, this guide gives you a better understanding of the menu and settings so you can use the DEUS II to its full potential to hunt a range of targets in just about any soil or weather condition.
Similar Posts | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Yume Yume Yu Yu
Yume Yume*Yu Yu (ゆめゆめ☆ゆうゆう) is a Japanese shōjo manga and anime series created and drawn by Pink Hanamori. The manga is being published in the monthly shōjo manga anthology Nakayoshi. There are more than ten chapters published and most of them are compiled into volumes issued by Kodansha. It is licensed in German by Heyne.
Yume Yume*Yu Yu is loosely based upon the Shinto miko and shrines, as well as four constellations in the Chinese zodiac: Suzaku — The Vermilion Bird of the South (who represents the summer season and Yin,), Seiryuu — The Azure Dragon of the East (who represents the spring season as well as Yang), Genbu — The Black Tortoise of the North (who represents the winter season), and Byakko — The White Tiger of the West (who represents the fall season, Bai Hu in China).
The story follows a young girl, Yume, who is clumsy and unpopular. While dozing in class, she has a vision of a young Miko, telling her that she must be the new Miko. She awakes with a mirror in her hands, and is confused by it. After school, the mirror reveals itself as a portal to a different world as a red-haired boy, named Rekka, appears chasing a unicorn, the peacekeeper of their world. The Azure Dragon of the East, or Seiryuu, shares that he is not happy a human of the Light world has become Miko, and tries to destroy Yume. None of the Guardians from the other world, except Rekka, believes in Yume. Rekka destroys the mirror so that the Other world-ers can not come through to harm Yume.
It is revealed that the world in which Rekka lives is suffering due to the Light world's exceptional development in such a short span of time. The Unicorn is the peacekeeper, and without the unicorn the world will become endangered. The goal of Yume and Rekka is to find the Unicorn and take it back to its home, as it is its own portal between worlds.
After a time of Rekka living in the Light world, he becomes the Kagura's cousin. Aoi, a boy at Yume's school, is soon revealed to be the King of the Eastern Skies of the Light world. Discovering this, the team decides they must find all the Guardians of the light world to help the Unicorn.
Guardians of the Light World
* Yume Kagura
* The main character and Miko of the story. Although a somewhat simple-minded girl who pales in comparison to her perfect and talented twin sister, Yume embodies the power to save two worlds. As the new Miko, she is to gather up the four guardians of her own world in order to save them both. From the beginning of the story it is laid down that she believes in magic and casts protection spells on herself while she sleeps- which is why she was probably more accepting of her newfound abilities compared to other girls. Yume has a crush on Aoi, a boy at her school who is a student council member along with her sister, and who is also one of her protectors from this world, though that crush has begun to fade when she falls in love with Rekka, the Emperor of the South Sky of both worlds.
* Unicorn (Female)
* The girl that Kirin, the Other World Unicorn, has been searching for. She was hidden in a comma-shaped jewel, and the love between Rekka and Yume freed her.
* Mizuki Aoi
* King of the East Sky. His mark is located on his right chest. He didn't know that he was the Light world's Seiryuu until the bus incident while being forced into photography. He is the only one who noticed Yume from the beginning of the story, and loves her. He is on the student council with Hime. His holy animal's name is DoraDora. He also has a cousin, Kurobe-Sensei
* Kurobe-sensei
* The light world's King of the North Sky, Genbu. He discovered his destiny along with Mashiro 10 years previous when she found the mirror in her family's warehouse. The previous Miko told him to hurry and find the new Miko. The mark of Genbu is above his right eyebrow. Kurobe seems to dislike interactions between the opposite sex in teenagers, as he steals their gifts away or keeps couples apart. His cousin is Mizuki Aoi.
* Kaneshiro Mashiro
* The Light world's Queen of the West Sky, Byakko. She knew her standing as she appeared to Yume in the attack of Hime, as she found the mirror in her family's warehouse 10 years prior. Her mark is on her right upper chest. She is in love with Kurobe, though he rejected her; when Hime walked in while Mashiro was on Kurobe's lap, she mentions that Hime has the wrong idea. She is sensible and resourceful, even though she is an Idol.
Guardians of the Other World
* Miko-sama
* The previous Miko before Yume. She was loved and all things were at peace until she gave up her power to Yume. She was like a mother figure to Rekka.
* Kirin, Unicorn (Male)
* The keeper of peace in the Other world who escaped to the Light world to search for his other. He heals Yume and reveals he's always been searching for his loved one.
* Rekka Sariu
* A boy found in Yume's dreams who must protect the new Miko. He is the Emperor of the South Sky, Suzaku in both worlds. His mark is by his navel on the right side. He knew of his abilities in the beginning, and comes out of the Mirror with Lee (Rii), and destroys the mirror. At first he dislikes Yume being the new Miko, but quickly begins to accept her and starts to like her. Hime likes him, giving him handmade chocolates on Valentine's Day, though Rekka cannot return her feelings since his duty is to Yume, whom he loves.
* Yuu Hokyuu
* Rekka's childhood friend, and the Other world's Emperor of the North Sky, Genbu. His mark is under his left eye. He is reckless and has a high sense of loyalty.
* Toufuu Nyan-Nyan
* The Empress of the Eastern Sky, Seiryuu. Her Holy animal is Ryuu, a small dragon. She uses the male pronoun, 'boku', to refer to herself, making her a gruff person in speech, though she looks rather young and innocent.
* FuuChii
* Emperor of the Western Sky, Byakko. He is an estranged male with a tiger's tail and pointy, elf-like ears.
Other major characters
* Hime Kagura
* Yume's better twin, who gets good grades, is on the student council, and is well known at school. She has many friends and is technically perfect. She is in love with Rekka, whose feelings for her have not been returned, as he is in love with Yume. She goes in an angry frenzy, since she took the mirror and pieced it together. She then becomes the Miko for the Other World. She is jealous of Yume, for getting Rekka's attention.
* Rii
* Rii acts as a little guardian to Rekka, following him everywhere. She resembles a butterfly.
* Yue
* Yue is another 'little guardian', and is seen with the Other World's Seiryuu when he attacks Yume. She enters Hime's body in the story, and identifies her as the Other world's miko, and controls her.
Chapters printed
* Volume 1 - Chapters 1 - 5
* Volume 2 - Chapters 6 - 10
* Volume 3 - Chapters 11 - 13 | WIKI |
Caucasian blonde baby six months old lying on cozy knitted blanket at home Kid wearing green clothes
How breastfeeding protects children from obesity
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of obese children worldwide has increased ten-fold in the last four decades. The Pennsylvania Department of Health found that nearly 2 out of every 10 elementary school-age children in the state were considered obese during the 2017─2018 school year. Obesity should concern all parents because it’s related to other chronic health problems like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and high blood pressure. Fortunately, breastfeeding can significantly reduce your child’s risk of obesity, especially when paired with other prevention strategies.
Exclusive breastfeeding provides the greatest protection against obesity.
The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months to gain the greatest overall health benefits provided by breastmilk. A recent study found that exclusively breastfed infants have a 31% lower chance of developing obesity later in life. However, any breastfeeding at all will provide some protection.
How does breastfeeding prevent obesity?
Breast milk is the ideal form of nutrition for newborns, according to medical experts. Because it is created specifically for infants, it is easier to digest than formula and it provides exactly the nutrients your baby needs. In addition, breast milk is “controlled” by your baby’s appetite. Because breastfed babies are better able to regulate their food intake, they run a lower risk of obesity.
When does a newborn require solids?
Introducing solids or formula early increases the risk of childhood obesity and its associated risks later in life. It can also increase your child’s risk of developing food allergies. If you’re able to exclusively breastfeed your baby, she won’t need solids until she’s six months old.
Seek help when breastfeeding to get all the benefits your baby deserves.
The same study of Pennsylvania childhood obesity rates found that mothers who received support from profession lactation counselors were more likely to continue breastfeeding for the first six months. A lactation counselor can help you determine the best way to hold your baby and learn how to identify your baby’s feeding cues. She can also give you invaluable guidance and emotional support when you’re feeling overwhelmed.
We’re here when you need us.
For moms who have a difficult time breastfeeding or who must return to work, pumping can be a viable option to ensure that your baby gets all the nutritional and health benefits of breast milk. At Milk N Mamas Baby, our lactation experts can help you successfully navigate the early days of breastfeeding and pumping and ensure long-term success as well. We can help you choose a pump that maximizes both your comfort and your breastmilk production and offer tips to get you over the bumps. Give us a call today to learn more about the benefits of breast milk and how to incorporate pumping. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Problem solve Get help with specific problems with your technologies, process and projects.
Configuring Windows as a VCB proxy: VCB with iSCSI
Learn how to configure VMware Consolidated Backup (VCB) to operate iSCSI with this tip.
In part one of this series, I discussed how to attach an iSCSI logical unit number (LUN) to an ESX server and how to back up virtual machines (VMs) stored on a LUN. Here in part two of our series on VMware Consolidated Backup (VCB), we'll discuss how to configure a Windows 2003 server as a VCB proxy, which can then operate with iSCSI.
The first step is to install VCB. If you have already installed VCB, then you can ignore the next section. VMware features the excellent -- albeit outdated -- Virtual Machine Backup Guide for configuring VCB, which is available on VMware's documentation Web site.
Installing VCB, creating a proxy
Installing VCB is very straightforward. Copy the installation binary to any Windows Server 2003 Standard, Enterprise, or Windows Datacenter Server, click on the installer and follow the prompts in the wizard. Toward the end of the installation process, you will be prompted to accept the installation of a VMware storage driver. Approve the driver install. It is used by the vcbMounter and like commands to read the VMFS-3 LUNs as seen by the Windows 2003 server.
Congratulations, you have just created a VCB proxy server, which acts as a proxy between your backup software and the VMFS-3 LUNs. Hence the term proxy .
Configuring Windows for VCB
Windows will attempt to automatically assign drive letters to each new LUN it detects. (this process is outlined on page 34 of the Virtual Machine Backup Guide), so we need to disable this feature. The first step is to disconnect the VCB proxy from any storage area network (SAN) the VCB sees. This process may require downtime for other services if you are making a VCB proxy do double duty. Open a command line interface and type these commands:
diskpart
automount disable
automount scrub
The next step is to reboot the server. After it reboots, we move on to the next set of steps.
Configuring Windows for iSCSI
By default, Windows 2003 does not have an iSCSI initiator, but Microsoft, which recognizes the importance of iSCSI, provides one as a free download. At the time of this writing, the most recent version is 2.05. Download the iSCSI initiator and begin the installation. The installer is straightforward; just follow the prompts from the wizard to the point where it asks which options to install.
The installer will ask if you want to enable multi-support. It is disabled by default, and there is no reason to enable it; VCB does not support multi-pathed LUNs. Allow the wizard to complete the installation. The Microsoft iSCSI Initiator icon should now appear on the desktop as well as in the Start menu.
Now we will provide a step-by-step guide on how to attach an iSCSI LUN to a Windows 2003 server:
1. Double-click on the Microsoft iSCSI Initiator desktop icon to open the program.
2. Once the program is open, click on the Discovery tab.
3. Under the Target Portals section, click the Add button.
4. A smaller window will appear. Enter the IP address of the iSCSI server that the LUN is on and that ESX uses and then click OK.
5. You should be back to the main program. Click on the Targets tab.
6. The LUNs available on the iSCSI server and that you just added should now be listed. Select the LUN that is connected to ESX, and click on the Log On button.
7. A smaller window will appear. Check the box next to the text that reads, "Automatically restore this connection when the system boots." If you need to reboot the server, the backups will continue to function. You do not need to check the multipath option. Click the OK button.
8. You should now have returned to the main program, and you're done. You have successfully attached an iSCSI LUN to Windows. Click the OK button to close the program.
Verifying that the LUN is attached
In order to verify that the iSCSI LUN is properly attached, we need to open the Windows disk manager. Click on the Start button and click Run. Type "compmgmt.msc," and hit Return. The Windows Computer Management MMC will appear. On the left-hand-side, click Disk Management. When you do so, a wizard dialog box may appear; if so, click Cancel.
The disk manager window should show a new disk of an unknown file system type the same size as the LUN you just added. My disk manager window looks like this:
The disk labeled "Disk2" is my iSCSI LUN. Now it is time to see if VCB can back up VMs on this LUN.
Verifying iSCSI backups work
Just because the process of backing up from an iSCSI LUN is the same as that for a Fibre Channel LUN, any IT admin worth his salt knows that nothing works correctly the first time. If it did, what would the fun be in that? We need to verify that the VCB framework can see the VM. The easiest way to perform this test without affecting an existing VM is to create a new one. The new VM does not even have to have an OS installed; it just needs to exist. I created a VM with only a 100-megabyte hard drive so the backup process will be quick (if it works, that is). It's important to remember that we have to store the new VM on the iSCSI LUN we attached to the ESX server (see part one of this series). This is (or should be) the same LUN that we attached to the VCB proxy server.
Open a command prompt on the VCB server and change directories to the following: "%ProgramFiles%\VMware\VMware Consolidated Backup Framework". Now we need to get the universally unique identifier (UUID) of the VM we just created. Type the following command (replacing all capital words with actual values):
vcbVmName -h VIRTUAL_CENTER_HOST_NAME -u VC_ADMIN_UID -p "VC_ADMIN_PWD" -s name:"DNS_NAME_OF_VM"
This command will spew out lots of information. Look for the lines that resemble the following text:
moref:vm-48
name:www.ad.lostcreations.local
uuid:500d2bba-447b-79ed-156f-38dcc8ba9deb
ipaddr:
This text indicates that the UUID of the VM is "500d2bba-447b-79ed-156f-38dcc8ba9deb." Now we can back it up from the VCB proxy. Create a directory to which you will back the VM up. I recommend creating an upper-level directory called "esx-backups" somewhere. I create it at the root of my C drive. Type the following command (replacing all capital words with actual values):
vcbMounter -h VIRTUAL_CENTER_HOST_NAME -u VC_ADMIN_UID -p "VC_ADMINPWD" -t fullvm -r c:\esx-backups\VM_NAME -a uuid:500d2bba-447b-79ed-156f-38dcc8ba9deb
It may take time for the command to complete. When it's finished, open "c:\esx-backups\VM_NAME" in Windows Explorer. You should see a directory listing that includes the VM's configuration file (a file that ends with a VMX extension) and several virtual hard disk files (files that end with a VMDK extension).
If you've gone through this process seamlessly, then congratulations, you have successfully backed up a VM with VCB over iSCSI. If you run into errors, don't hesitate to contact me.
Andrew Kutz is an analyst at Burton Group and a principal consultant at lostcreations. He is also a Microsoft Certified Solution Developer (MCSD), a SANs/GIAC Certified Windows Security Administrator (GCWN) GOLD and a VMware Certified Professional (VCP) for Virtual Infrastructure 3 (VI3). Kutz is the author of the popular open source project Sudo for Windows.
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Live in Japan (Shirley Bassey album)
Live in Japan is a double album by Shirley Bassey, recorded July 8, 1974 at Kosei-Nenkin Kaikan Hall in Tokyo, Japan. The album was released in Japan only, and the reverse of the cover listed the songs in English and Japanese. Live at Carnegie Hall had been released just a year prior, with nine of the same songs from Live in Japan, and it is believed that this is at least partly the reason Live in Japan didn't gain a worldwide release. Japan was an important growing market for many artists in the 1970s and many recorded live albums exclusively for release in Japan.
In 1981 Liberty Records released this recording on a single album that had different cover art, cut three of the songs, "Going, Going Gone", "All That Love Went To Waste", and "You and I" and had a different running order.
The original double album has been reproduced in its entirety, with original running order, on a 2008 CD on the BGO label, and reproduces the text from a booklet that came with the LP, which included the lyrics in English and Japanese.
Track listing
Side One Side Two Side Three Side Four
* 1) "Goldfinger" (Leslie Bricusse, Anthony Newley, John Barry)
* 2) "Sing" (Joe Raposo)
* 3) "Let Me Sing and I'm Happy" (Irving Berlin)
* 4) "Make The World a Little Younger" (Terry Howell, Karen O'Hara, Denny McReynolds)
* 5) "Going, Going, Gone" (John Barry, Alan Jay Lerner)
* 1) "Without You" (Tom Evans, Pete Ham)
* 2) "Diamonds Are Forever" (John Barry, Don Black)
* 3) "When You Smile" (William Salter, Ralph MacDonald)
* 4) "All That Love Went to Waste" (George Barrie, Sammy Cahn)
* 1) "Big Spender" (Dorothy Fields, Cy Coleman)
* 2) "Day by Day" (Stephen Schwartz, John-Michael Tebelack)
* 3) "Never, Never, Never" (Tony Renis, Alberto Testa, Norman Newell)
* 4) "Something" (George Harrison)
* 5) Tabs*
* 1) "Yesterday, When I Was Young" (Charles Aznavour, Herbert Kretzmer)
* 2) Introduction of orchestra
* 3) "You and I" (Leslie Bricusse)
* 4) Tabs*
* 5) "This Is My Life" (Norman Newell, Bruno Canfora, Antonio Amum)
* 6) Tabs*
* * (Shirley Bassey acknowledging audience applause)
Personnel
* Shirley Bassey – vocal
* Arthur Greenslade - Musical director
* Nobuo Hara and His Sharps & Flats - orchestra
* Jack Cavari - Guitar
* Bobby Shankin - Drums | WIKI |
Choledochal Cyst
A congenital dilatation of part or whole of the bile duct is termed as choledochal cyst. The cystic dilatations of the biliary tract can involve the extrahepatic and/or the intrahepatic biliary tract. There are five major types of choledochal cysts:
Type I cysts consist of saccular or fusiform dilatations of part or all of the extrahepatic bile duct:
• Type IA is saccular and involves all or most of the entire extrahepatic bile duct.
• Type IB is saccular and involves a limited segment of the bile duct.
• Type IC is more fusiform and involves all or most of the extrahepatic bile duct.
Type II choledochal cyst is an isolated diverticulum protruding from the wall of the common bile duct or joined to the common bile duct by a narrow stalk.
Type III choledochal cyst (choledochocele) arises from the intraduodenal portion of the common bile duct.
Type IV
• Type IVA cysts consist of multiple dilatations of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. Type IVB choledochal cysts are multiple dilatations involving only the extrahepatic bile ducts
Type V (Caroli’s disease) consists of multiple dilatations limited to the intrahepatic bile ducts. 50-80% of all choledochal cysts are type I, 2% type II, 1.4-4.5% type III, 15-35% type IV and 20% type V.
Incidence
1. Choledochal cysts are much more common in Asian populations with a reported incidence of 1in 1,000 and about two thirds of cases occur in Japan.
2. Choledochal cysts are relatively rare in Western countries. Reported frequency rates range from 1 case per 100,000-150,000 live births.
3. Most patients with choledochal cysts are diagnosed during infancy or childhood, although the condition may be discovered at any age. Approximately 67% of patients present before the age of 10 years.
4. Choledochal cysts are three or four times more prevalent in females than in males.
Appearance
1. The classic triad of intermittent abdominal pain, jaundice and a palpable right upper quadrant abdominal mass occurs in fewer than 20% of patients, although almost two thirds of patients present with two of the three symptoms.
2. Infants generally present with obstructive jaundice and abdominal masses, whereas older patients present most commonly with pain, fever, nausea, vomiting and jaundice.
3. Choledochal cysts are often asymptomatic.
4. Adults with choledochal cysts can present with one or more severe complications – eg, liver abscesses, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, recurrent pancreatitis, gallstones,
5. 80% of patients present before the age of 10 years but presentation can be at any age.
6. Symptoms are often due to the associated complications of ascending cholangitis and pancreatitis.
7. cholangiocarcinoma. About 1-12% of patients present with spontaneous rupture and symptoms and signs of abdominal pain, sepsis and peritonitis.
8. Complications associated with all types of choledochal cysts result from bile stasis, stone formation, recurrent cholangitis and inflammation.
Conditions with similar symptoms
1. Biliary obstruction
2. Acute pancreatitis
3. Cholangiocarcinoma
4. Bile duct tumours
Investigations:
1. Abnormal LFTs – cholestasis.
2. Raised white blood cell count, (increased immature neutrophils in patients with cholangitis).
3. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is now considered to be the gold standard
4. Serum amylase and lipase concentrations may be increased in the presence of pancreatitis. Serum amylase concentrations also may be elevated in biliary obstruction and cholangitis
5. Abdominal ultrasonography is the test of choice for the diagnosis. Antenatal ultrasound can demonstrate a choledochal cyst as early as 12 weeks of gestation. Endoscopic ultrasonography allows a good view of the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct.
6. Abdominal CT scan and MRI help to delineate the anatomy of the lesion and of the surrounding structures. They can also help to identify the presence and extent of intrahepatic duct involvement
7. Technetium Tc hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan is often used and is particularly useful for showing continuity with bile ducts and diagnosis of cyst rupture.
8. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are helpful in demonstrating the presence of an anomalous pancreatobiliary junction and in identifying associated extrahepatic or intrahepatic strictures and stones.
Consociating Conditions
There is a common association with anomalous pancreatobiliary duct junction. Surgery
1. Partial cyst resection and internal drainage are less satisfactory because of occasional pancreatitis, cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma.
2. Patients who present at a late stage, after the development of advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension, may not be good candidates for surgery because of the associated high morbidity and mortality rates.
3. Choledochal cysts should be treated by complete surgical excision because of the risk of bile duct malignancy. A biliary-enteric anastomosis restores continuity with the gastrointestinal tract.
4. Patients who present with cholangitis should be treated with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy directed against common biliary pathogens – eg, E. coli and Klebsiella spp.
Intricacies
• Postoperatively, patients are at risk of developing pancreatitis and ascending cholangitis.
• With increasing age at presentation, the risks of intrahepatic strictures and stones, segmented hepatic atrophy/hypertrophy, secondary biliary cirrhosis, portal hypertension, liver failure and biliary malignancy all increase significantly.
• The reported incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with choledochal cyst ranges from 9-28%. Cancer presents 10-15 years earlier.
Outlook
The prognosis is generally excellent following surgical excision but depends on the age of presentation (worse prognosis with older age at presentation) and presence of complications.
Following excision, there is an incidence of 0.7-6% of malignant disease, which is thought to be due to residual cyst tissue or subclinical malignant disease not detected before surgery.
CONCLUSION
It is a rare congenital condition which when detected should be treated surgically with full resection to prevent development of complications especially cancer. If sepsis is present at the time of presentation then sepsis should be treated first before surgical intervention. Post surgery the outcomes are generally good. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Col. James Cameron House
Col. James Cameron House is a historic home located at West Chillisquaque Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. It was built in four sections; a $2 1/2$-story, formal brick section and a $1 1/2$-story, brick kitchen were built between 1840 and 1842; a 2-story, brick addition was built about 1860; and a 1-story, wood-frame kitchen addition sometime in the mid- to late-19th century. It is in a vernacular Federal style. An Italianate style porch was added to the 2-story, brick section about 1860. Also on the property is a contributing outbuilding dated to the mid-19th century. The property was vested with the Milton Historical Society in 1981.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. | WIKI |
How do electric cars fare in cold weather?
According to AAA’s “Cold Weather Can Cut Electric Car Range by Over 40%”, EVs often lose 12% of their range in cold weather, but the loss leaps to 41% with the heater on full blast.
How cold is too cold for electric cars?
Outside temperatures affect electric car batteries. In the winter months when temperatures fall below 20 degrees, electric car batteries take a major hit. A study by AAA found that if you use your electric car’s heater while driving in cold temperatures, your range can be temporarily cut by as much as 41 percent.
Do electric cars suffer in cold weather?
Overall, electric vehicles are more efficient in colder weather because stored electricity is much easier to convert into motion than an internal combustion engine trying to convert chemical energy into mechanical, especially in the bleak midwinter.
Are electric cars good in winter?
In fact, electric cars even start better than gas-powered ones in winter!” says Archambault. Just like a conventional car fitted with an engine block heater, an electric car that’s plugged in when it’s cold out (below -20°°C) will fare better in the morning.
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Are electric cars useless in cold weather?
Cold weather
Electric vehicles can lose 1/4 of their driving range when operating in freezing temperatures. EVs with low battery range do not do well in cold winters. Luckily, newer EV batteries are able to handle cold weather better than older batteries.
How well do electric cars do in the snow?
Electric vehicles and hybrids also come with large batteries making them heavy, suitable for winter traction. Some hybrids even have conventional power to their front wheels and electric to the rear, making them excellent on slippery surfaces. That’s why electric vehicles are good in the snow.
How Long Can electric cars idle with heat on?
The battery pack depleted at an average rate of 2.2 percent per hour; put in other terms, it could theoretically last a maximum of 45.1 hours, or just under two days. We stopped the Sonata just after 24 hours, after it had consumed slightly less than a half-tank of fuel.
Do electric cars lose charge when parked?
Electric vehicles lose charge when parked although it is minimal, it can add up over time. Green Car Reports suggest you charge your battery at least 80% before parking the car. However, EV experts all agree that the vehicle needs to have at least 50% battery when put into storage.
How does Tesla do in cold weather?
When you enter a destination into your navigation in cold weather conditions and Supercharging is needed, your car will automatically begin to preheat your battery before arriving at a Supercharger to reduce charging time.
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How does cold weather affect electric car batteries?
Cold weather temporarily reduces EV battery range. AAA tested the range effects of 20F degree weather on several popular EVs and found that temperature alone could reduce range by 10-12%, while the use of in-vehicle climate control could amplify range loss to 40%.
Do electric cars get stuck in the snow?
Electric Vehicles
It’s true that EVs lose battery performance in very cold weather, up to about 20%. Most now heat their batteries to deal with this, but if somebody got into a jam like this with a very low battery, they could face trouble.
How long will an electric car last in a snow storm?
For good measure, the temperature inside the cars was set to 70F (21C). After 12 hours of sitting in the cold with a warm cabin, The Model Y battery went from 91% down to 58%, using 26.5 kWh. This means a full battery will last around 36 hours.
What happens if you get stuck in traffic in an electric car?
Electric vehicles use little power when at a standstill, and their climate settings also do not require much power. An electric vehicle with a full battery would have enough energy to operate for a day or longer while stationary during a traffic jam, even while using air conditioning or heating. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Jabanimó
Jabanimó or Hawani Mo'o ("Raven's Head") was an Akimel O'odham leader involved in Native American uprisings during the 1750s, possibly including the 1751 Pima Revolt.
Biography
Jabanimó was an O'odham chief originally from the Gila River area. Contemporary sources disagree on whether he was involved in the 1751 Pima Revolt. He organized native resistance along the Santa Cruz River, encouraging residents of Mission San Xavier del Bac and Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón to resist the Jesuit missionaries.
In 1756, Jabanimó led a group of O'odham and Papagos against San Xavier del Bac. He was joined by surviving followers of Luis Oacpicagigua, led by Oacpicagigua's son Cipriano. Assisted by sympathetic native residents of Bac, the group looted the mission, including the church and the homes of natives loyal to the Jesuits. Resident missionary Alonso Ignacio Benito Espinosa escaped to Presidio San Ignacio de Tubac.
Governor Juan Antonio de Mendoza and Captain Francisco Elías Gonzalez led a punitive expedition in response, defeating Jabanimó and his followers near Gila Bend. Fifteen natives were killed, but Jabanimó himself survived by hiding among the reeds on the shore of the Gila River. | WIKI |
Simple Tests For Water Leakages
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A water leakage can be a really complicated problem to resolve and also find in your home. The problem here lies in how fluid water is, with the ability of travelling large lengths across your house to a place of accumulation. As such, while you may visually identify a leak, that might not be the place of infiltration in your home or even the source of the water. In fact, certain leakages do not even present any visual sign to property owners.
With this in mind, there are several other checks that you can use to find water leakages before they start to wreck havoc on your home.
Inspect your water bills and metres
If you discover that your bills have increased in spite of having no change in consumption habits for the month, then it may be time for you to inspect.
The investigation can be made with a just as simple assessment. Shut down the main water valve in your residence briefly and observe your water gauge. If after an hour, you discover that the reading has changed, then a water leakage is probably in play.
Other visual checks
Flaking paint from your wall surfaces
Having established that your home does indeed have a leakage, you next move is to identify the source and investigate. To aid you, we recommend an organized approach to inspecting the different typical sources of infiltration.
Inspect shower areas
The restroom includes three major locations where leaks can be anticipated. To start with, the waterproofing capabilities of your wall surfaces and also flooring in the shower area are constantly tested daily. This is a damp location 24/7, indicating that your tiles and grout need to be kept sufficiently well to constantly drive away water.
Regular grouting services can be engaged to replace or revitalise existing grout between your tiles. In this way, you will be able to keep water from getting beneath your tiles.
Inspect water tanks
Hot water tanks are vulnerable to leaks but may be challenging to detect if it is concealed in your home. Firstly, comparable to taps, check the valve before trying to find water signs around the hot water tank. Oftentimes, water dripping from the tank will leave brown stains on your walls, while their discharge might accompany a loud hissing noise.
Inspect your taps
Leaking faucets are an evident origin. If you witness leaking from your faucet also when it is switched off, then you likely have a faulty faucet. However, dripping faucets are not the only origin of leaks for faucets. To inspect even more, you might get hold of a flashlight and check under the sink. If you discover wetness, water spots, mould or flaking material, then a water leak is most likely to be happening. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Adventures of Kimble Bent.djvu/55
Rh Then Tito te Hanataua—the man who had brought the soldier to the pa—rose and said:
"O my tribe, listen to me! Take good care of the pakeha, and harm him not, because our prophet has told us that if any white men come to us as this man has done, and leave their own tribe for ours, we must not injure them, but must keep them with us and protect them."
Tito's word assured Bent's safety, and the tone of the people changed to one of friendliness; many of them shook hands with the lonely white man. The women cooked some pork and potatoes for him in an earth-oven, and he was given to eat, and received into the tribe. Henceforth he was as a Maori.
Now began for the runaway an even harder life than that which he had endured in the army. He found that he was virtually a slave amongst the Maoris. He had had fond imaginings of the easy time he would enjoy in the heart of Maoridom, but to quote from his own lips, "they made me work like a blessed dog." Soon after his arrival in the pa a party of men was sent off to Taiporohenui—a celebrated old village and meeting-place near the present town of Hawera—and he was ordered to go with them, and was set to work felling bush, clearing and digging, gathering firewood, and hauling water for the camp. Tito was his master—not only his master, but in hard fact his owner, | WIKI |
How to promisify geolocation API to get current position using JavaScript?
JavascriptFront End TechnologyProgramming ScriptsWeb Development
In this tutorial, we will learn how to promisify geolocation API to get the current position of a user’s device using JavaScript.
The Geolocation API is a web API that allows applications to request the current position of the user's device. The API can be used to get the user's current position, as well as to monitor the user's position as they move.
The Geolocation API is a simple API that can be used to get the current position of the user's device. The API is easy to use and can be used in a variety of applications.
Approach
Follow the below steps to promisify the geolocation API to get the current position using JavaScript.
• Step 1 − Create a new promise. The promise takes two arguments, resolve and reject. These are functions that are used to either resolve or reject the promise.
• Step 2 − Get the current position using the Geolocation API. The getCurrentPosition method takes two arguments, a success callback, and an error callback.
• Step 3 − The success callback is called when the position is obtained successfully. The position is passed to the resolve function.
• Step 4 − The error callback is called when there is an error getting the position. The error is passed to the reject function.
• Step 5 − Use the promise.
• Step 6 − The then method is called when the promise is resolved. The position is passed to the then method as an argument.
• Step 7 − Display the position on the user screen.
• Step 8 − The catch method is called when the promise is rejected. The error is passed to the catch method as an argument.
• Step 9 − Display the error on the console/ user screen.
Example
The following code shows a complete example of how to promisify the Geolocation API to get the current position of the user's device.
<!Doctype HTML> <HTML> <head> <title>Example- Get current position</title> </head> <body> <div> <div id="result1">Latitude: </div> <div id="result2">Longitude: </div> <div id="result3"></div> <script> // Create a new promise const getCurrentPosition = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { // Get the current position navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition( // Success callback position => resolve(position), // Error callback error => reject(error) ); }); // Use the promise getCurrentPosition .then(position => { // Position obtained successfully const { coords } = position; document.getElementById("result1").innerHTML += coords.latitude; document.getElementById("result2").innerHTML += coords.longitude; }) .catch(error => { // Error occurred document.getElementById("result3").innerHTML = error; }); </script> </body> </html>
The main benefit of using promises is that it makes the code easier to read and understand. Promises are easy to use and make the code more manageable.
Conclusion
In this tutorial, we have seen how to promisify the Geolocation API to get the current position of the user's device. The Geolocation API is a simple API that can be used to get the current position of the user's device. The API is easy to use and can be used in a variety of applications.
raja
Updated on 10-Oct-2022 12:09:13
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Unlocking Weight Loss Potential: Exploring Sermorelin and Semaglutide Injections!
Katalyst Wellness
In the relentless pursuit of achieving and maintaining a healthy weight, scientific advancements pave the way for innovative approaches. Two such breakthroughs garnered significant attention are Sermorelin injections and Semaglutide injections for weight loss. These treatments offer promising possibilities for individuals striving to shed excess pounds and embark on a journey toward improved well-being.
Sermorelin Peptides: Elevating Growth Hormone Levels for Weight Management
Sermorelin Peptides has emerged as a potential tool in weight loss. This compound acts as a growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, stimulating the pituitary gland to produce more growth hormone. Growth hormone plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including metabolism and the breakdown of fats. As we age, our natural growth hormone production tends to decline, contributing to weight gain and a slower metabolism.
Sermorelin injections, administered under medical supervision, aim to address this decline by boosting growth hormone levels. The increased presence of growth hormone in the body can lead to enhanced metabolism, increased energy expenditure, and more efficient utilization of fats. As a result, individuals may experience improved weight management and fat loss.
Semaglutide Injections: Targeting Appetite Regulation for Effective Weight Loss
It’s important to note that Sermorelin injections are typically considered for individuals with growth hormone deficiency or who want to address specific health concerns. While the potential for weight loss is a notable benefit, Sermorelin therapy should be approached with a comprehensive understanding of its effects and limitations. Consulting a qualified healthcare professional is essential to determine the suitability of Sermorelin injections as part of a weight loss regimen.
Semaglutide, a medication initially developed for managing type 2 diabetes, has garnered attention for its potential role in weight loss. This injectable medication belongs to the class of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, which work by mimicking the effects of GLP-1 hormones naturally produced in the body. GLP-1 is involved in regulating blood sugar levels and appetite.
Semaglutide for weight loss involves higher doses than those used for diabetes management. By activating GLP-1 receptors, semaglutide helps control appetite, reduce food intake, and increase feelings of fullness. This can lead to reduced calorie consumption, ultimately aiding in weight loss.
Semaglutide for weight loss involves higher doses than those used for diabetes management.
Clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of semaglutide injections in promoting weight loss. Participants in these studies experienced significant reductions in body weight when combined with a calorie-restricted diet and increased physical activity. The results have been so promising that regulatory authorities have approved semaglutide injections specifically for weight management.
However, it’s crucial to approach semaglutide injections as part of a comprehensive weight loss plan. Lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and regular exercise, remain fundamental to sustainable and long-term weight loss. Consulting a healthcare provider is essential before initiating semaglutide therapy, as individual medical history and potential side effects must be carefully considered.
Balancing Potential Benefits with Considerations
While Semaglutide injection for weight loss offer exciting possibilities for weight loss, it’s essential to approach these treatments with a balanced perspective. Both therapies require medical supervision and a holistic approach to weight management. Individual responses to these treatments can vary, and potential benefits must be weighed against risks and considerations. Side effects and interactions with other medications should be thoroughly discussed with a healthcare professional before embarking on any treatment regimen.
Moreover, it’s essential to recognize that no treatment is a magic solution for weight loss. Sustained and healthy weight management requires a multi-faceted approach that includes dietary modifications, regular physical activity, behavior changes, and psychological support.
Conclusion
In the ever-evolving landscape of weight management, Sermorelin and semaglutide injections have emerged as potential game-changers. These innovative treatments leverage scientific insights into growth hormone and appetite regulation to support individuals’ weight loss journeys. However, they are not standalone solutions but tools to complement a comprehensive approach to weight management. Before considering Sermorelin or semaglutide injections, individuals should engage in open and informed discussions with healthcare providers. These conversations will help determine the suitability of these treatments based on individual health profiles, medical history, and weight loss goals. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
0
I would like to ediff files (or buffers) A and B, and also A and C. The need arises from the fact that A and B were both forked from C, and I need to merge B into A while checking I'm not destroying any ideas in A\C.
I'm not an experienced diff-er, but I thought I would do this by viewing ediff A,C while merging bits of B in to A.
It seems that when I start the second ediff involving A, it takes over my emacs instance and I can't seem to see the other ediff.
My first thought is to just run two different instances of emacs, but how would you do this?
4
• 2
I haven't ever used this but M-x ediff-files3? May 7, 2015 at 15:09
• 1
ediff-files3 or ediff-buffers3 are perfect for this. May 7, 2015 at 16:22
• Are they? I'm not interested in the difference between B and C. Can you link a tutorial for ediff-*3? I do not know what it does other than display a lot of narrow columns of text with many colours :\ edit: tutorial / instructions May 7, 2015 at 18:16
• ediff3 is designed to do this.
– Dan
Mar 4, 2020 at 6:15
1 Answer 1
0
No problem. Just use ediff-buffers on A and B. And then use ediff-buffers on A and C.
You will have two different control panels, one for A vs B and one for A vs C. Just put your input focus in one or the other of the two panels (windows) to navigate among the differences it controls.
2
• I'll check again if this works, but when I started the second ediff-buffers, it stole focus in the window running the first one, and it appeared to me that it changed the highlighting of A. May 7, 2015 at 15:47
• 2
You get the highlighting for both, at the same time. But the control panel for a given pair is what governs which highlighting is used. Select the particular control-panel window you want, then just n n n... etc.
– Drew
May 7, 2015 at 16:48
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Talk:Edward Corbett (politician)
CORRECTION: He was not the Edward Corbett who contested Northampton against Charles Bradlaugh; in fact it was his identically named eldest son Edward Corbett (1843-1917), who succeeded him to the Longnor estate but died having never served in parliament. There may be a case for making a paragraph within this article of the information, if not an article in its own right.(Source, the latter's article in "Shropshire: Historical, Descriptive, Biographical" (Part II, Biographical) by Charles H. Mate (1907)).Cloptonson (talk) 16:07, 10 April 2012 (UTC) I have incorporated the account under section [Edward senior's] Personal Life, the case happening as it did within the lifetime of the father, citing the book at the point of reference to the second by-election.Cloptonson (talk) 21:07, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110206041753/http://www.parliament.uk:80/documents/commons/lib/research/briefings/snpc-04731.pdf to http://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons/lib/research/briefings/snpc-04731.pdf
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Page:Masterpieces of Greek Literature (1902).djvu/443
413 THE ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE 413
I agree, he said, as far as I am able to understand you.
Moreover, I said, you must not wonder that those who attain to this beatific vision are unwilling to de- scend to human affairs ; for their souls are ever has- tening into the upper world where they desire to dwell; which desire of theirs is very natural, if oui• allegory may be trusted.
Yes, very natural.
And is there anything surprising in one who passes from divine contemplations to the evil state of man, misbehaving himself in a ridiculous manner ; if, while his eyes are blinking and before he has become accus- tomed to the surrounding darkness, he is compelled to fight in courts of law, or in other places, about the images or shadows of images of justice, and is endeav- oring to meet the conceptions of those who have never yet seen absolute justice?
Anything but surprising, he replied.
Any one who has common sense will remember that the bewilderments of the eyes are of two kinds, and arise from two causes, either from coming out of the light or from going into the light, which is true of the mind's eye, quite as much as of the bodily eye ; and he who remembers this when he sees any one whose vision is perplexed and weak, will not be too ready to laugh ; he will first ask whether that soul of man has come out of the brighter life, and is unable to see because unaccustomed to the dark, or having turned from darkness to the day is dazzled by excess of light. And he will count the one happy in his condition and state of being, and he will pity the other ; or, if he have a mind to laugh at the soul which comes from below into the light, there will be | WIKI |
During the Victorian era (1837-1901 CE), ribbons were extremely popular. The women of this time loved the intricate woven ribbons that were made possible by the Jacquard looms and used them with abandon. The French and English were using ribbons to decorate household goods and clothing, including hats, shawls, parasols and reticules. Americans also used ribbon in their homes and clothing, but with more restraint. There are a couple of reasons why this was true. Some think it could be a result of early Puritan influences, or perhaps was a manifestation of the common anti-English sentiment of the times, or maybe it was because imported ribbons were expensive and hard to obtain. It is not really clear, but over time the American market has come to appreciate and use all types of ribbon.
One interesting early American experiment was the manufacturing of ribbon by a group in Pennsylvania. The Moldavian School for Girls taught ribbonwork and silk ribbon embroidery to their pupils and decided to make their own silk ribbons. They tried raising silk worms to provide the raw materials needed for the ribbons, but a harsh winter killed all the mulberry trees they had planted. Since mulberry leaves are the only food silk worms can eat, the venture did not last very long.
While this experiment did not go far, other more commercial interests took up manufacturing ribbon with more success. In 1815 William H. Horstmann opened a plant that manufactured “all sorts of trimmings”, which included ribbons. In 1824 he brought the first Jacquard loom to America.
Modern ribbons are made of materials such as paper, candy, metal, jute and various synthetic materials, as well as traditional fabrics like velvet, silk and lace. Today North America is the largest importer of ribbon in the world. Although we do use ribbons to decorate clothing and household items we use them for a lot more! Ribbons are used for everything from decorating our hair and our gifts, to keeping our money supply safe . Ribbons are used to honor actions and accomplishments, for dancing and in solemn ceremonies, as a sign of approval and quality, and to make statements and carry instructions . We even stitch with them! In the next part of this article I will look at how we came to use ribbon as an embroidery thread.
During the Rococo period in France (1740-1790 BCE), ribbons were very popular among the wealthy as they tried to strengthen their ties to the noble class. Fancy ribbons woven of silk and other expensive fibers were especially suitable for decorating clothing, and were used with abandon by those who could afford them. The ribbon’s elegant frivolity reflected the graceful playfulness of the Rococo movement. Rococo artist Jean-Honoré Fragonard’s famous painting, ‘The Swing’ shows a woman of this period with ribbons decorating her hat, shoes, the edges of her sleeves and hem, and the bodice of her gown. She even has ribbons at her neck! It is a good example of how ribbon was used to decorate clothing of the French aristocracy. At that time a woman could change her dress up to seven times a day and each outfit required coordinating shoes and hair appointments, which were often embellished with ribbons. Ribbons were also popular with the men who wore huge rosettes made of ribbon on their coats, hats and shoes.
Ribbons played their small part in the economic unbalance that led to the French Revolution. Although the common people were in desperate need, wealthy men and women adorned themselves with as many expensive ribbons as they could get their hands on. Then the citizens of France had their turn. During the revolution, ribbons were used to identify who was supporting the common citizenry and who was supporting the aristocracy. Cockades of red, white and blue ribbons were adopted as the symbol of support for change. Perhaps we could consider these cockades to be the ancestors of modern ‘awareness’ ribbons. During the revolution, it was unsafe to be seen in public without a cockade to show support for change. The demand for ribbons remained strong since all of the citizens of France were using ribbons for their own purposes.
At this time ribbons were woven as a cottage industry in France, England and Switzerland. A family could rent a loom and materials from a ribbon manufacturer and sell them back the finished ribbons. It was a slow process and this made ribbons very expensive. In 1801 a revolution occurred when Joseph-Marie Jacquard invented a new type of loom. Jacquard looms wove cloth in intricate patterns using an automated punchcard system that lifted each thread individually. This punchcard system is credited as being the idea behind modern computers. The Jacquard loom totally changed the weaving industry and had a similar effect on the ribbon market. Jacquard looms produced multicolored fabrics with intricate weaves almost as quickly as they could weave plain fabrics. Within 15 years ribbon manufacturers had adapted Jacquard technology to allow multiple multi-colored ribbons to be woven at once. This loom shown is weaving sixteen souvenir picture ribbons at the same time. Ribbons were now cheaper and easier to obtain and soon became common items in the wardrobes and homes of ordinary citizens. Weaving ribbons one at a time was now obsolete.
Silk ribbon embroidery has a surprisingly short, but very interesting history compared to other stitching techniques. While the technique has not been around for long, the ribbons themselves have a very long history. In the first two parts of this series, I will cover the history of ribbon itself, then tackle the development of ribbon embroidery as an embroidery technique.
When people began to weave cloth, somewhere between eight and nine thousand years ago , they used the same materials and tools to weave narrow bands of cloth that we know as ribbons. Today, ribbons are defined by the textile industry “as a narrow fabric, and it ranges from 1/8 in-1 ft (0.32-30 cm) in width”. Early ribbons were used for practical things like tying together bunches of herbs and as closures on clothing. Ribbons were used to keep papers together as early as the 13th century, until this job was given to the paperclip in 1899 . Soon ribbons became decorative accents for personal items. Ribbons with both edges finished as part of the weaving process became common by the 16th century.
Ribbon was used in Asia far earlier than in Europe. In China ribbon was used in their traditional Ribbon Dances beginning in the Han Dynasty (206-420 CE). The dance was developed to honor Hsiang Po, who thwarted an assassination attempt on the Han Emperor. He used his long silk sleeve to block the sword of the assassin. The ribbons in the dance represent his sleeves and are waved around in graceful patterns. Originally the ribbons were attached to the sleeves of the dancers; later longer ribbons were attached to small sticks to add energy to the dance.
In Europe ribbons were very popular by the Middle Ages (500-1400 CE). They were used as decorations for anything from hair braids to shoes. Peddlers sold them as they traveled from town to town. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, he even mentions a ‘tri-colour riband’ stuck into the hats of Constance’s three escorts in The Frenchman’s Tale. During Renaissance times (1400-1550 CE), silk that had traveled from the Orient along the Silk Road was being woven into ribbons along with other precious metals, like gold and silver. Within a hundred years ribbons were covered by sumptuary laws, which restricted their use to those who were noble. During the time of the Reformation, many Huguenot ribbon-makers fled France bringing silk ribbon weaving to Basel Switzerland. The area soon developed into a major ribbon-manufacturing hub that is still known for high quality ribbons with lovely delicate designs.
Embroidery can be considered an anonymous art, in that much of the time it is not signed or dated, especially work done before the 17th century. The samplers and other embroideries that have survived the ravages of time allow us a peek into the lives and attitudes of the girls and women who created them – from their perspective. This is one of the main things that samplers do – communicate. Early samplers shared patterns and helped their creators retain the information they had gathered. Later samplers became a way to communicate ownership and information about the world. They helped teach young girls about their place within society. Just as women of the past used their samplers to retain and share information, we continue to do so today. Modern samplers ask us to consider our roles as creators who use embroidery to communicate a message through our work.
In the Bible it says that by our fruits ye shall know us. Our samplers are the fruits of our hands. We have worked into them a message for those around us. We may not have done this intentionally, but the message cannot help but come forth. The women and girls that plied their needles in the past had no intention of sending a message down through the ages to us, yet we take meaning from their surviving works. It will be the same for us. So the question really is: what does our stitchery tell about us? Steven Wang said, “History belongs to those who dare to write it.” I say our stitchery is our history. It is what we leave behind for future generations. We created it and it reflects our reality. Let’s send a clear message to help future generations understand our times – from our perspective.
Samplers began to be used as teaching tools in the education of young girls. Some samplers taught the more practical skills of plain sewing, while others focused on ‘fancywork’. Many had verses added to teach the alphabet, encourage morality and promote good conduct. An example of a practical sampler is Maria van Wyk’s Darning sampler, stitched in 1762 when she was a 16 year-old girl in Nijkerk, Holland.
It shows different types of darning stitches that Maria could use to repair holes in fabrics. You can see that cloth was much more readily available, but still expensive enough to warrant repair, since Maria paid attention to the design of her sampler as well as the stitches. Her sampler is beautiful as well as useful.
By the 20th century sampler making had fallen out of favor along with the general practice of needlework. Those who created samplers often did so as an exercise in a particular embroidery technique rather than for basic educational or reference purposes. Samplers remained examples of the needle artist’s proficiency in a particular technique. Modern samplers continued to serve as a practice tool when learning a new skill, and as a way to experiment with different combinations of fiber, stitch and design, but they also became a connection to the past. Many of the samplers currently being stitched are reproductions of 19th century schoolgirl samplers.
Today, needle artists connect with the past through the medium of embroidery, using the same materials, tools, and techniques as their predecessors but in ways that reflect the current realities of modern life. An example of this is the sampler Breakbeats, created by Andrew Salomone in 2009. This is how he explains his work: “It occurred to me that needleworkers used to have to make patterns and images to decorate fabric in the same way that contemporary music producers make beats and musical compositions by repeating and layering audio samples in digital sound editing programs. So the files created using digital editing programs today basically function in the same way that needlework samplers did in the days when all embroidery had to be done by hand.” Andrew’s sampler is more about the ideas than the techniques and is an intriguing way of connecting the past with the present.
During the 17th and 18th centuries samplers continued to evolve, and eventually their primary purpose was to serve as showpieces for the stitcher’s skills. Other changes took place as samplers began to more closely resemble paintings. They became wider and shorter, and contained carefully positioned images that reflected a new concern with design and composition. Pictorial elements, many taken from the Old Testament were becoming increasingly popular. Biblical scenes and historical allegorical images were considered appropriate for young girls to stitch, since they contained images that encouraged good moral behavior. The many portrayals of Adam and Eve that are featured on samplers of this time were used as a way to teach young girls their role in the family and society. This example stitched by Elizabeth Summers in 1808, when she was an 11 year-old child, includes a verse from Genesis. The images and verse were thought to teach the young girls who stitched these samplers the proper relationship between men and women.
The time between 1720 and the early 1830’s was the height of the sampler. This is when the most iconic of the American ‘schoolgirl’ samplers were created. It is this type of sampler that comes to mind when samplers are discussed. Elizabeth’s Adam & Eve sampler is an example of a schoolgirl sampler. Other schoolgirl samplers depicted maps, calendars, lists of government officials, and family genealogies. They were used to teach letters, geography and the practical sewing skills that the girls of this era would need in their future lives. Day schools and Boarding schools that educated girls commonly included several hours each day of needlework as part of their curriculum. These samplers often included an alphabet and basic numbers, along with a morality verse and a picture and sometimes randomly scattered spot motifs that could be used later to decorate household items. These samplers hit all of the marks. They were most often stitched in cross-stitch, with other fancy stitches sometimes included. The complexity of these samplers would depend on the skill level of the embroiderer and her future prospects. A young lady who was of the working class would have been taught plain sewing, while the daughters of the wealthy trained in more ‘fancy’ stitches. Each girl began with the simpler stitches and motifs and then moved on to more complicated techniques, as their needleworking skills improved. By the end of the 19th century, samplers had moved from the workbasket to pride of place on the walls of upscale homes, serving as a showcase for the skills of the daughters and wives of the household. More importantly for historians, it became a common practice for the women and girls to sign and date their work.
Another common type of sampler during this time was called a Marking sampler. Marking samplers were made up of various styles of alphabets and monograms. They were intended to be references for ‘marking’ linens and clothing with a family’s name or initials. An example of this type of sampler is this marking sampler created in 1738 by Sarah Barnett. Textiles were valuable, and each piece of clothing or bedding had to have the family’s name ‘marked’ or stitched, on it so that when the article was sent out for laundering, it would return to the right home. Sarah has packed her sampler full of different alphabets and has even included a couple of borders and some royal motifs.
Thank you to Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, for the image of this fine sampler.
- A Legacy (woodspiritsisters.wordpress.com)
Samplers were considered valuable; they were often mentioned in wills and passed down through the generations. The first written mention of a sampler is in 1502 in an official court document. Among the household expense accounts of Queen Elizabeth of York, wife of Henry 7th, there is a note that reads: ‘the tenth day of July to Thomas Fisshe in reward for bringing . . . an elne of Iynnyn cloth for a sampler for the Quene’. An ‘elne’ or ell is a measurement based on the elbow and is about 45 inches. It is thought to be the span between two outstretched elbows. At the time, the length of a sampler was determined by the width of the loom used to weave the linen ground, the width of the sampler being determined by the stitcher. This made it easy to roll up the sampler for storage when it was not needed. The linen purchased by the queen was probably used for a ‘band’ sampler, which was made by stitching bands of patterned stitches across the width of the linen, each one stacked on the previous with no regard for an overall design. The bands could be simple or elaborate and often did not extend from edge to edge. Over time the sampler grew as new bands were added. The main purpose of these early samplers was to record stitches and motifs for later reference.
The earliest surviving signed and dated sampler is a combination of a band and spot sampler. This sampler was stitched in 1598, by Jane Bostocke and includes a commemoration of the birth of her cousin, Alice Lee in 1596. You can see the bands of stitching stacked one on top of another on the bottom 2/3 of the sampler, with individual motifs covering the top third. These motifs refer to Jane’s family’s heraldic crest. You can see that there is additional room for Jane to add more motifs. When Jane visited a friend she could copy a motif or band from her friend’s sampler by stitching it out on her own sampler, and then use the image in her work when she returned home. As there were no printed patterns at the time, this was an effective way of spreading design ideas. It is easy to see how this sampler could be used as a reference for other stitching and how Jane used the space available to best advantage. Band and spot samplers continued to be popular until commercial patterns became commonly available.
Thanks to the Victoria & Albert Museum website for the image of this lovely sampler.
Samplers have been around a long time. ‘Sampler’ or ‘exampler’ is from the Latin ‘exemplum’ and the French “essemplaire” meaning: ‘an example, model or pattern to copy’. Early samplers were used as records of pattern and stitch and were valued as a library of sorts by their owners. Over time, samplers began to develop more complexity. They were used as a practical reference, but also passed along skills as a teaching tool. Samplers became testaments to the stitcher’s skills and were believed to build moral character in the young women who stitched them. In modern times, samplers have become treasured as art pieces and as a resource for historians trying to understand the times in which they were created. This multifaceted nature keeps us intrigued to this day
The earliest known sampler was created in Peru. Unsurprisingly it is in pretty bad shape, but considering that it was stitched sometime during the 2nd century, I’d say it looks pretty good!
The Peruvian sampler is a good example of a ‘spot’ sampler, which is a sampler made up of single stitched motifs. Because the stitcher was interested in capturing ideas, rather than in the aesthetics of the finished piece, the motifs were stitched singly with no regard for pattern or composition. It is simply a record of patterns for future use. One thing I love about it is how the motifs reflect the Peruvian culture. There is no mistaking this for an 18th C American schoolgirl sampler! Yet, there are common threads between the two. Each is communicating a message in a unique language but I feel a connection between them. I think that the use of similar materials and methods is a thread that connects us as stitchers, even across the barriers of time and distance. The idea that we can communicate with stitchers from the past is part of the reason that samplers remain a fascinating topic today. | FINEWEB-EDU |
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Searching for Text
The PDF Viewer allows you to search for a word (words) or any set of characters in a document.
To search for a specific text, do the following:
• Click the Find button on the toolbar or press Ctrl+F;
This invokes the Find dialog.
To invoke the Find dialog using the context menu, right-click the document and select the Find item in the context menu.
To invoke the Find dialog in code, call the overloaded PdfViewer.ShowFindDialog method.
• In the Find dialog, type the text you want to search for and specify the following settings (if required):
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• To start searching, click the Next button in the Find dialog, or press the ENTER key when the PDF Viewer shows the Find dialog.
The PDF Viewer stops searching when it finds the first occurrence of the search text, highlights the occurrence and navigates to the highlighted text.
Note
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For example, let's take the following sentence: "The DevExpress PDF Viewer control displays PDF files directly in your application without the need to install an external PDF Viewer on your end user's machine". if you search for the word character p (the Case Sensitive option is disabled) in this sentence, the words DevExpress, PDF, displays, PDF, application, and PDF are highlighted sequentially in the order these words appear in the sentence.
To search for the next match, click the Next button in the Find dialog, or press the ENTER key again when the PDF Viewer shows the Find dialog.
To go to the previous match, click the Previous button.
The PDF Viewer shows the following message when it finds the final occurrence of the search text or there were no results that match the search text:
To find text in a document programmatically, call the PdfViewer.FindText method. This method has 3 overloads, depending on your search criteria.
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Page:All the Year Round - Series 2 - Volume 1.djvu/447
Charles Dickens] Tom's death, so soon I mean—people might say that it would have been better to have waited till"
"My dearest child, no waiting would restore my poor boy to me; and I look to you to fill the void in my heart which his loss has made! As for people talking, I have lived too long, child, to pay the slightest heed to what they say! If such gossip moved me one jot, it would rather strengthen my wish to hasten our marriage, as it supplies me with an argument which you evidently have not perceived"
"And that is?"
"And that is, that, you may depend upon it, these sticklers for the proprieties and conventionalities, these worshippers of Mrs. Grundy, will be very much interested in our movements, and highly scandalised if, under these fresh circumstances which they have just learned, you remain an inmate of my house! What has been perfectly right and decorous for the last few months would be highly improper for the next few weeks, according to their miserable doctrine! I should not have named this to you, Marian, had not the conversation taken this turn; nor even then, had you been a silly girl and likely to be influenced by such nonsense. However much you might wish to go away and live elsewhere until our marriage, you cannot. Your mother's state of health precludes any possibility of her removal, and therefore the only thing for us to do is to get the marriage over as quickly as possible, and thus effectually silence Mrs. Grundy's disciples!"
"Very well!" said Marian. "I suppose for the same reason it will be better that the wedding should be here?"
"Here? Why, my dearest Marian, where would you wish it to be?"
"Oh, I should like us to go away to some quiet little place where we were neither of us known, and just walk into the church"
"And just smuggle through the ceremony and slip away, so that no one should see you were marrying a man old enough to be your father! Is that it, pet? I ought to feel highly complimented, and"
"Please, not even in joke! No, no; you know what I mean. I cannot explain it, but"
"I know exactly, darling, but we can't help it. If you wish it the wedding shall be perfectly quiet, only just ourselves, but it must take place here, and I don't surpose our good neighbours would let it pass off without some demonstration of their regard, whatever wo might say to them! By the way, I mentioned it to the girls this morning!"
"And what did they say?" Marian asked, with, for her, rather unusual eagerness. "Or rather, what did Maud say, for Gertrude, of course, merely echoed her sister?"
"Poor Gerty!" said Mr. Creswell, smiling; "hitherto she has not displayed much originality. Oh, Maud was very affectionate indeed, came over and kissed me, and wished me all happiness. And, as you say, of course, Gertrude did, and said, ditto! Have they—have they said anything to you?"
"Not a word! I have scarcely seen them since yesterday."
"Ah! they'll take an opportunity of coming to you. I know they are delighted at anything which they think will conduce to my happiness!"
"Perhaps they don't think that your marrying me will have that effect?" said Marian, with a half smile.
Please, not even in joke!' it is my turn to say that now!" said Mr. Creswell.
It was a perfect godsend to the people of Helmingham, this news, and coming so soon too—a few months interval was comparatively nothing in the village—after the excitement caused by young Tom's death. They had never had the remotest idea that Mr. Creswell would ever take to himself a second wife; they had long since given up the idea of speculating upon Marian Ashurst's marriage prospects, and the announcement was almost too much for them to comprehend. Generally, the feeling was one of satisfaction, for the old schoolmaster and Mrs. Ashurst had both been popular in the village, and there had been much commiseration, expressed with more warmth and honesty than good taste, when it was murmured that the widow and Marian would have to give up housekeeping—an overwhelming degradation in the Helmingham mind—and go into lodgings. A little alloy might have existed, in the fact that no new element would be brought into their society, no stranger making her first appearance as the "squire's lady," to be stared at on her first Sunday in church, and discussed and talked over, after her first round of visits. But this disappointment was made up to Mrs. Croke, and Mrs. Whicher, and others of their set, by the triumph and vindication of their own perspicuity and appreciation of character. | WIKI |
Finding characters and operators in an expression
Hi All,
I have an expression and need to find characters and operators in that expression to do operations. Is there any functions available?
Example: (A1+B2+C3)/(D4-E5)
In the above expression, I need to find the characters A1,B2,C3,D4 and E5 and do operations based on operators available in that expression.
Regards,
Kuppusamy S
Hi,
Can you please elaborate the problem.
try by using str functions…
Hi Vishal,
There will be given expression. I need to find the characters and operators and do arithmetic operations based on operators available in that expression.
Ex: (A1+A2+A3)/(A4 * A5).
In the above expression. I need to find A1, A2, A3,A4, A5 and operators available inbetween each operands and do arithmetic operations accordingly.
Regards,
Kuppusamy S
Hi Kranthi,
Could you specify the str functions to do this.
Regards,
Kuppusamy S
I suggest strreplace()
use this function to remove all unwanted characters.
other wise substr() use this function to get your desired characters
http://www.axaptapedia.com/Category:String
look for the above URL there is plenty of str functions …you can make use of it…
hope it helps | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Authenticated SMTP (258 Views)
Reply
Super Advisor
Posts: 611
Registered: 01-27-2009
Message 1 of 2 (258 Views)
Authenticated SMTP
[ Edited ]
Hi Admins,
Till now sendmail configured by maintaining relay server name in sendmail.cf file. Now security team asking to configure authenticated sendmail.In which sending mail is authenticated via my AD id. instead of relay server name we have to give our AD server name. and also created auth_info file.
But my server is not LDAP configured.Then how authenticated SMTP will work,since my server not able to communicate with AD server. Please guide.
Regards
himacs
P.S. This thread has been moved from HP-UX > System Administration to HP-UX > messaging. - Hp Forum Moderator
Honored Contributor
Posts: 6,271
Registered: 12-02-2001
Message 2 of 2 (240 Views)
Re: Authenticated SMTP
First, exactly what is the security team requesting?
Are they saying that the Exchange server (or whatever) you're using as your relay will be configured to require authentication before accepting mail? Then you should probably talk with the Exchange and/or AD admins and have them configure a "service account" for your Sendmail. Then you can add the username and password for that service account to your Sendmail configuration, so that Sendmail will authenticate as the service account when sending mail to Exchange.
If you are using Sendmail to handle locally-generated mail only, you should then make sure that other people in the network (or worse, in the entire Internet) cannot use your Sendmail to inject email to Exchange for further delivery. If your Sendmail only listens for SMTP in address 127.0.0.1, you're probably safe.
OR
If your Sendmail actually accepts incoming email from the network, the security team might be telling you to set up authentication or stop running Sendmail. In that case, you may have a lot more work.
First, find out:
• why your users are using your Sendmail instead of using the Exchange SMTP directly? Can they switch to using the Exchange SMTP interface and the appropriate authentication?
• can your users handle SMTP authentication (and probably SSL/TLS encryption too, since authentication in plaintext over the network makes no sense)?
• if your users cannot use authenticated SMTP (e.g. because they are hardware devices whose configuration supports basic SMTP only), are they located in fixed IP addresses? Would it be acceptable if your Sendmail accepted email from those fixed IP addresses only?
• does the security team require you to use AD usernames/passwords for authentication, or is it enough to implement a separate list of Sendmail users+passwords in some other way?
MK
The opinions expressed above are the personal opinions of the authors, not of HP. By using this site, you accept the Terms of Use and Rules of Participation. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
International Bioacoustics Council
The International Bioacoustics Council (IBAC) was founded in 1969 to encourage international participation throughout the field of bioacoustics. Given its multidisciplinary nature, IBAC aims to bring together biologists from different specialisms. as well as engineers, sound archivists, computer scientists and other interested parties to foster discussion, share knowledge and exchange ideas surrounding the subject of vocal communication in animals.
History
IBAC emerged from earlier initiatives such as the International Committee for Bioacoustics (ICBA) which was formed in the USA in 1956. This short-lived organisation was replaced by the Enregistrements et Etudes des Chants et Cris d'Oiseaux (Institute ECHO) which was founded in France by Jean-Claude and Helen Roché in 1967. The primary aims of Institute ECHO were to make and publish wildlife sound recordings, organise research meetings and conferences, promote the scientific and musicological study of wildlife sounds and mount scientific expeditions. In 1969, Institute ECHO abandoned its scientific activities in order to concentrate on its publishing programme. In response to this change in focus, members interested in the scientific study of wildlife sounds decided to form IBAC
IBAC aims
The rules of IBAC state the following core purposes:
* To further the science of bioacoustics by the holding of congresses and by setting up task forces to examine specialist areas.
* To encourage and effect liaison between amateurs and professionals working in bioacoustics.
* To encourage students to take part in IBAC's activities.
IBAC activities
IBAC supports the sharing of recent research outputs and technological advancements through its biennial conferences, a list serve, a Facebook group and a website.
From 1971 to 1983 IBAC published Biophon, an informal journal which featured scientific articles, equipment reviews and information on forthcoming bioacoustics events. Two special issues were published in 1996 and 1997. A complete set of the journal is available for consultation at the British Library.
Conferences
Since its formation in 1969, IBAC has held 25 conferences in 12 different countries. The first conference was held in Kinross, Scotland in 1971. The first IBAC conference to occur outside Europe was held at the Center for Bioacoustics at Texas A&M University in October 1997. Other venues have included Brazil (2003). The next conference will be held in October 2017 in Haridwar, India. | WIKI |
Fidelity's venture arm launches China-dedicated healthcare fund
SHANGHAI (Reuters) - Eight Roads Ventures, the proprietary investment arm of Fidelity International Ltd, launched its first dedicated China healthcare fund on Tuesday, doubling down bets on the country’s rapidly growing medical sector. The firm, which said it also plans to launch a China-dedicated technology fund, said the $250 million China healthcare fund will allocate 40 percent of the capital in therapeutics, betting on a boom in innovative drugs in China. “We’re about to witness an explosion of innovative drugs in China,” said Liu Weimin, partner at Eight Roads, which has invested in over 150 Chinese companies including Alibaba Group, WuXi AppTec and Innovent Biologics. He cited supportive government policies, less cumbersome drug approval procedures, and an influx of capital into the healthcare sector. Beijing has initiated ambitious policy reforms to invigorate healthcare, part of efforts to meet rising demand for quality medical services. China has forecast total healthcare spending will surge to 8 trillion yuan ($1.2 trillion) by 2020, as the country tries to cope with a boom in its aging population. That has created investment opportunities. Shuang Rongqing, a veteran private equity investor, last month launched a $150 million cross-border medical device fund aimed at tapping into China’s huge demand for overseas high-tech medical equipments. Daniel Auerbach, head of Asia at Eight Roads, said the launch of specialized funds “reflects our confidence in the evolution of the China market and forms part of a strategy to more precisely target our healthcare and technology expertise.” Reporting by Samuel Shen and John Ruwitch; Editing by Susan Fenton | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Weaponization of antisemitism
The exploitation of accusations of antisemitism for political purposes, especially to counter anti-Zionism and criticism of Israel, Illustrative examples:
* : "The weaponizing of antisemitism against US critics of Israel was evidenced in 2019 when Florida's upper legislative chamber unanimously passed a bill that classifies certain criticism of Israel as antisemitic"
* may be described variously as weaponization of antisemitism, instrumentalization of antisemitism, or playing the antisemitism card. Such bad faith accusations have been criticized as a form of smear tactics. Some writers have compared this to playing the race card.
* may be described variously as weaponization of antisemitism, instrumentalization of antisemitism, or playing the antisemitism card. Such bad faith accusations have been criticized as a form of smear tactics. Some writers have compared this to playing the race card.
* may be described variously as weaponization of antisemitism, instrumentalization of antisemitism, or playing the antisemitism card. Such bad faith accusations have been criticized as a form of smear tactics. Some writers have compared this to playing the race card.
* may be described variously as weaponization of antisemitism, instrumentalization of antisemitism, or playing the antisemitism card. Such bad faith accusations have been criticized as a form of smear tactics. Some writers have compared this to playing the race card.
Suggestions of such exploitation have been raised during phases of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, in various organizations' adoptions of the controversial working definitions of antisemitism, during the 2014–20 allegations of antisemitism in the UK Labour Party, at the 2023 US Congress hearing on antisemitism, during the 2024 Israel–Hamas war protests on university campuses and in discussions of Israel and apartheid.
Critics have argued that the charge of weaponization amounts to an antisemitic ad hominem attack whose use fails to address antisemitism as the issue at hand. Sources include:
* The charge has also been criticized as a "testimonial injustice", rooted in presumption rather than evidence.
* The charge has also been criticized as a "testimonial injustice", rooted in presumption rather than evidence.
* The charge has also been criticized as a "testimonial injustice", rooted in presumption rather than evidence.
* The charge has also been criticized as a "testimonial injustice", rooted in presumption rather than evidence.
* The charge has also been criticized as a "testimonial injustice", rooted in presumption rather than evidence.
History
In The Fateful Triangle (1983), Noam Chomsky wrote of counter-charges of antisemitism in response to criticism of Israel that: "The tactic is standard". Citing Christopher Sykes, he wrote that the phenomenon could be traced to 1943.: "The Perlmutters deride those who voice “criticism of Israel while fantasizing countercharges of anti-Semitism,” but their comment is surely disingenuous. The tactic is standard. Christopher Sykes, in his excellent study of the pre-state period, traces the origins of this device (“a new phase in Zionist propaganda”) to a “violent counterattack” by David Ben-Gurion against a British court that had implicated Zionist leaders in arms-trafficking in 1943: “henceforth to be anti-Zionist was to be anti-Semitic.” It is, however, primarily in the post-1967 period that the tactic has been honed to a high art, increasingly so, as the policies defended became less and less defensible."
The events of 1943 mentioned by Chomsky were reported at the time as follows:
Christopher Sykes described this as follows in 1965: He adds that it is "in the post-1967 period that the tactic has been honed to a high art, increasingly so, as the policies defended became less and less defensible".
In the early 1950s, American journalist Dorothy Thompson, who had been a strong critic of Adolf Hitler, was called antisemitic after she began to write against Zionism, having witnessed Jewish terrorism against the British and the Nakba against the Palestinian Arabs. Israeli historian Benny Morris said John Bagot Glubb was subject to a "tendency among Israelis and Jews abroad to identify strong criticism of Israel as tantamount to, or as at least stemming from, anti-Semitism" (though Morris also said Glubb's anti-Zionism was "tinged by a degree of anti-Semitism"). Glubb wrote in his 1956 memoirs: "It does not seem to me to be either just or expedient that similar criticisms directed against the Israeli government should brand the speaker with the moral stigma generally associated with anti-Semitism".
According to Cheryl Rubenberg, in the 1980s, journalists Anthony Lewis, Nicholas von Hoffman, Joseph C. Harsch, Richard Cohen, Alfred Friendly, authors Gore Vidal, Joseph Sobran, and John le Carré, and American politicians Charles Mathias and Pete McCloskey were among those whom pro-Israeli groups called antisemites. In 1989, Rubenberg wrote of Mathias and McCloskey, "The labeling of individuals who disagree with the lobby's positions as 'anti-Semitic' is a common practice among Israel's advocates.": "The labeling of individuals who disagree with the lobby's positions as "anti-Semitic" is a common practice among Israel's advocates. For example, when Senator Charles Mathias [R., Maryland] voted in favor of the AWACs sale to Saudi Arabia, a Jewish newspaper in New York commented: "Mr. Mathias values the importance of oil over the well-being of Jews and the State of Israel. The Jewish people cannot be fooled by such a person, no matter what he said, because his act proved who he was." Former Congressman Paul "Pete" McCloskey [R., California] also has had the charge of anti-Semitism leveled at him: "When I ran for reelection in 1980, I was asked a question about peace in the Middle East, and I said if we were going to have peace in the Middle East we members of Congress were going to have to stand up to our Jewish constituents and respectfully disagree with them on Israel. Well, the next day the Anti-Defamation League of the B'nai B'rith accused me of fomenting anti-Semitism, saying that my remarks were patently anti-Semitic." Indeed, it may be that the weapon of greatest power possessed by the pro-Israeli lobby is its accusation of anti-Semitism. George Ball comments: "They've got one great thing going for them. Most people are terribly concerned not to be accused of being anti-Semitic, and the lobby so often equates criticism of Israel with anti-Semitism. They keep pounding away at that theme, and people are deterred from speaking out." In Ball's view, many Americans feel a "sense of guilt" over the Holocaust, and the result of their guilt is that the fear of being called anti-Semitic is "much more effective in silencing candidates and public officials than threats about campaign money or votes."" In 1987, journalist Allan Brownfeld wrote in the Journal of Palestine Studies, "One cannot be critical of the Israeli prime minister, concerned about the question of the Palestinians, or dubious about the virtue of massive infusions of U.S. aid to Israel without subjecting oneself to the possibility of being called 'anti-Semitic'".
In 1992, American diplomat George Ball wrote in his book The Passionate Attachment: America's involvement with Israel that AIPAC and other pro-Israel groups "employ the charge of 'anti-Semitism' so carelessly as to trivialize it", and that "Any Jewish American who equates that term with critical comments on transient Israeli policy implicitly acknowledges that he cannot defend Israel's practices by rational argument."
International Israeli advocacy groups have charged prominent individuals expressing pro-Palestinian sentiment with antisemitism, including the Nobel Peace Prize winners Jimmy Carter and Desmond Tutu.
Chomsky and the academics John Mearsheimer, Stephen Walt, and Norman Finkelstein have said accusations of antisemitism rise after Israel acts aggressively: following the Six-Day War, the 1982 Lebanon War, the First and Second Intifadas, and the bombardments of Gaza. Chomsky argued in 2002: "With regard to anti-Semitism, the distinguished Israeli statesman Abba Eban pointed out the main task of Israeli propaganda (they would call it exclamation, what's called 'propaganda' when others do it) is to make it clear to the world there's no difference between anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism. By anti-Zionism he meant criticisms of the current policies of the State of Israel."
Matthew Abraham, professor of rhetoric at the University of Arizona, wrote that accusations of antisemitism against those criticizing Israel's violation of Palestinian human rights have increased since the beginning of the Second Intifada in 2000. Abraham wrote: "Israel's supporters have sought to make the argumentative leap that criticism of Israel as the Jewish state is anti-Semitic precisely because Israel is the home of all Jews for all time. However, this argument does not work since there are many anti-Zionist Jews who reject Israel’s attempts to speak in the name of Judaism. The traditional response to this problem has been to label anti-Zionist Jews as 'self-hating Jews,' which requires a suspension of rationality and sound judgement."
Nick Riemer of the University of Sydney wrote in 2022 that anti-Semitism "provides the excuse for a heavy-handed and highly irrational assault on fundamental democratic liberties". During the Israel–Hamas war, Bernie Steinberg, a former executive director of Harvard Hillel, wrote in a 2023 opinion essay in The Harvard Crimson that pro-Israeli activists should stop the "weaponization" of charges of antisemitism against pro-Palestinian activists: "It is not antisemitic to demand justice for all Palestinians living in their ancestral lands." Marshall Ganz, a professor at the Harvard Kennedy School, criticized the "weaponization" of antisemitism, writing in The Nation that the "tactics are remarkably similar to those used by Senator Joseph McCarthy". Daniel Levy, a former Israeli negotiator, said at the Palestine Expo conference that "the accusation of antisemitism is being weaponised and abused".
A 2023 report analyzed 40 cases where UK university staff and/or students were accused of antisemitism on the basis of the IHRA definition between 2017 and 2022, and found that in 38 cases, the accusations were dismissed, with two yet to be resolved. According to the report, false accusations of antisemitism have caused staff and students severe stress.
In December 2023, antisemitism expert David Feldman said that, while "some anti-Zionism takes an antisemitic form", the context must be considered when differentiating antisemitism and legitimate discourse and that there is "a long history of Israel and its supporters portraying anti-Zionism and other criticisms of Israel as antisemitic" in order to delegitimize them.
In February 2024, Israeli officials accused the International court of Justice of antisemitism following South Africa's genocide case against Israel. Anthony Lerman wrote in Declassified UK that these officials' "deployment of weaponised antisemitism to deflect criticism of Israel's responses to the Hamas 7/10 attacks on Jewish settlements and Israeli army units beyond the security fence on the eastern side of the Gaza strip was evident even as news of the atrocities was still emerging."
The Associated Press reported that the April 2024 Israel–Hamas war protests on university campuses have been "branded" as antisemitic, "while Israel’s critics say it uses those allegations to silence opposition". Ahead of the appearance of Columbia University President Minouche Shafik before the House Committee on Education and the Workforce, 20 Jewish Columbia and Barnard professors wrote Shafik an open letter stating their objection to what they called the weaponization of antisemitism.
Description
Various writers have argued that charges of antisemitism raised in discussions of Israel can have a chilling effect, deterring criticism of Israel due to fear of being associated with beliefs linked to antisemitic crimes against humanity such as the Holocaust. In 2019, Joshua Leifer, an editor of Dissent magazine, wrote that campaigns that consider anti-Zionism antisemitic aim to shift criticisms of the Israeli government "beyond the pale of mainstream acceptability". In his 2005 book Beyond Chutzpah: On the Misuse of Anti-Semitism and the Abuse of History, Finkelstein wrote that use of "the anti-Semitism card" attempts to displace "fundamental responsibility for causing the conflict from Israel to the Arabs, the issue no longer being Jewish dispossession of Palestinians but Arab 'opposition' to Jews".
Mearsheimer and Walt wrote in 2008 that the charge can discourage others from defending in public those against whom the charge of antisemitism has been made. Rhetorical accusations of antisemitism put a burden of proof on the person against whom the charge is raised, putting them in the "difficult" position of having to prove a negative, according to Mearsheimer and Walt. They wrote that accusations of antisemitism resonate with many Jewish communities, "many of whom still believe that anti-Semitism is rife". While allowing that "we should all be disturbed by the presence of genuine anti-Semitism in parts of the Arab and Islamic world (and in other societies—e.g., Russia) as well as its lingering presence in some segments of European and American societies", they argued that "playing the anti-Semitism card stifles discussion" and "allows myths about Israel to survive unchallenged". Reviewing Mearsheimer and Walt's The Israel Lobby in 2007, Jeffrey Goldberg responded to its claim that "[w]hile the charge of anti-Semitism can be an effective smear tactic, it is usually groundless", writing: "[n]o, not all criticism of Israel or AIPAC is anti-Semitic. But the idea that no criticism of Israel or AIPAC is anti-Semitic is just as ridiculous". In 2010, Kenneth L. Marcus wrote that although Mearsheimer and Walt called such accusations "the Great Silencer", they had not themselves been silenced, having received a wide audience for their book and appearances. Marcus also wrote that many pro-Israel commentators who had condemned what they viewed as antisemitism in anti-Zionist rhetoric had also taken pains to say that many criticisms of Israel are not antisemitic.
Finkelstein wrote in 2008 that some of what is claimed by "the Israel lobby" to be antisemitism is in fact "exaggeration and fabrication" and "mislabeling legitimate criticism of Israeli policy".
A presumption that all Muslims are antisemitic has been "increasingly deployed by Zionist groups to eliminate critical debate inclusive of Palestinian experiences", according to Mitchell Plitnick and Sahar Aziz. In 2020, Ronnie Kasrils compared claims of antisemitism in Britain to rhetorical strategies employed against the anti-apartheid movement by supporters of the South African government. Finkelstein noted the parallels to Communist parties' denunciations of principled criticism during the Cold War as "anti-Soviet".
In 2021, Atalia Omer of the University of Notre Dame wrote that weaponization of antisemitism is bad for all involved, including Israel and the broader Jewish community.
In 2004, Joel Beinin wrote that the "well-established ploy" of conflating criticism of Israel with antisemitism exposes Jews to attack by suggesting they are responsible for the Israeli government's actions.
Kenneth L. Marcus, while warning in 2010 against denying or minimizing antisemitism, also cautioned against overuse of the "anti-Semitism card", paralleling concerns raised by Richard Thompson Ford with the broader misuse of "the race card": that it can be dishonest and mean-spirited, risks weakening legitimate accusations of bigotry, risks distracting socially concerned organizations from other social injustices, and hurts outreach efforts between Jewish and Arab or Muslim groups.
Some scholars have said that the charge of antisemitism is becoming less effective as more people become aware of its political usage.
In 2019, Raz Segal wrote of "the weaponization of the discourse of antisemitism, used often to silence and attack those who speak about Israeli state violence, especially Palestinians. It is a crude and cruel distortion: abusing the historical struggle of a vulnerable people, Jews, under attack by powerful states to blur the attack of a state, Israel, against a vulnerable people, Palestinians." In May 2024, in reference to the 2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses, he wrote, "the blanket assertion by pro-Israel advocates is intended as a political cudgel: weaponizing antisemitism to shield Israel from criticism of its attack on Gaza".
Referring to rumours that the ICC was preparing arrest warrants for Israeli officials, including Prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Aryeh Neier said that Netanyahu's assertion "that ICC indictments would be antisemitic is indicative of his promiscuous use of antisemitism allegations". Shortly afterwards, on 20 May 2024, the ICC announced that it was seeking arrest warrants against Israeli leaders and Netanyahu called chief prosecutor Karim Khan one of the "great antisemites in modern times", saying that Khan was "callously pouring gasoline on the fires of antisemitism that are raging across the world". Kenneth Roth described what Netanyahu said as a "common last resort for defenders of Israel" and said that it endangers Jews: "if people see the charge of antisemitism as a thin cover for Israeli war crimes, it will cheapen the concept at a time when a strong defense is needed."
Conceptual disputes
Philosopher Bernard Harrison argues that, in debates about anti-Zionism and antisemitism, an ad hominem rebuttal consisting "of accusing one's Jewish accuser of making his putatively absurd accusation merely in hopes of 'silencing criticism of Israel' and of doing so because he is a Jew" is a "stock" anti-Zionist retort. Derek Spitz calls this a "denial of antisemitism" and "a form of victim blaming" that calls into question the complainant's good faith and forces them into the "defensive posture of having to justify the very making of the allegation of antisemitism".
Dov Waxman, Adam Hosein, and David Schraub write that people—generally Jews—who raise charges of antisemitism are frequently accused of being disingenuous, and that charges of antisemitism are bound to be contested because "antisemitism today is not always easy to identify or even define". They add that charges of bad faith may be dissipated by clarifying which of the potential understandings of antisemitism is being invoked, and that "it is reasonable to insist that persons who encounter a Jewish claim of antisemitism at least adopt a presumptive disposition towards taking that claim seriously and considering it with an open mind."
In 2011, the University and College Union Congress debated a motion to formally reject the working definition of antisemitism. According to David Hirsh, the IHRA-approved definition was "denounced as a bad faith attempt to say that criticism of Israel was antisemitic". During the debate, a new definition of antisemitism was proposed and later adopted by which, according to Hirsh, "nobody except a crazed Nazi could be said to be antisemitic."
Werner Bonefeld writes that antisemitism is often rejected "as an expression of bad faith—a camouflage for insulating Israel from criticism" by those who view antisemitism as "a phenomenon of the past that merely casts its shadow on the present but has itself no longer any real existence in it."
In his 2016 review of Kenneth L. Marcus's The Definition of Anti-Semitism, Robert Fine referred to an "extensive literature on the allegedly illicit uses of the word 'antisemitism' in political argument... This political culture... casts doubt on the motives of those who claim to experience or witness it in the here and now."
Writing in 2016 about charges of "bad faith" responding to allegations of "bias, harassment, and discrimination", including those relating to antisemitism, Schraub called the charge of weaponization "a first-cut response that presents marginalized persons as inherently untrustworthy, unbelievable, or lacking in the basic understandings regarding the true meaning of discrimination." In 2016, Lesley Klaff called the charge of bad faith a "denial of contemporary antisemitism commonplace in Britain."
Writing in 2019, Lars Rensmann identified "the trope that criticism of Israel is 'suppressed' or 'taboo' in society" as characteristic of "modernized antisemitism". Rensmann writes that anti-Jewish myths are applied to Israel and their antisemitic character is denied when called out, often entailing "charges of bad faith against Jews who allegedly exploit the problem of antisemitism... and even use the Holocaust for their own collective interests". He writes that, although laments about "illegitimate racism charges" are today rarely heard outside of far-right groups and fringe movements, the charge of bad faith is "almost ubiquitous" when Jews raise the issue of antisemitism, and "virtually without empirical evidence", constituting a "profound ethical problem". He writes, "Today, more often than not, those who address the problem [of antisemitism] are targeted by portraying them as allegedly swinging 'the antisemitism bat' against innocuous 'Israel critics or 'upset Muslim youth' in bad faith." In his review of Antisemitism and the Left, Rensmann writes, "Judith Butler and some (post-)Marxist fellow travelers do not recognize current antisemitism... but only detect 'the charge of antisemitism' with its allegedly 'chilling effects' on debates, as they charge those who raise it with bad faith and argue that they ought to be combatted politically."
Robert Fine and Philip Spencer write in 2018's Antisemitism and the Left that "We hear on the left... that the charge of antisemitism is mainly put forward for dishonest and self-seeking reasons; that people cry 'antisemitism' in order to deflect criticism of Israel; that the stigmatising of individuals and groups as antisemitic is more damaging than antisemitism itself; that the Jewish state and its supporters are the main source of racism in the modern world. It is said, for instance, that those who 'cry antisemitism' do so in order to shut down debate on Israel. This may be true in particular cases but the reverse is more plausible: that there are many who cry 'Israel' in order to shut down debate on antisemitism. When the critique of antisemitism is viewed as a problem, the problem may lie with the viewer."
Sociologist David Hirsh coined the term Livingstone Formulation to refer to the initial leveling of an accusation of bad faith in response to an accusation of antisemitism, rather than engaging with the accusation on its merits. Kenneth L. Marcus wrote in 2015 of the Livingstone Formulation: "Jewish victims of anti-Semitism are so often smeared for bringing allegations in 'bad faith' that the gambit now has a name".
In 2020, the EHRC investigated antisemitism in the UK Labour Party and found that agents of the party had committed "unlawful harassment" by "suggesting that complaints of antisemitism are fake or smears", asserting in their report that "this conduct may target Jewish members as deliberately making up antisemitism complaints to undermine the Labour Party, and ignores legitimate and genuine complaints of antisemitism in the Party." Hirsh wrote that the EHRC's investigation found that the accusation of bad faith was "a significant antisemitic phenomenon in the real world." Klaff found that supporters of Jeremy Corbyn "perceived Jewish Labour MP Luciana Berger as deliberately manufacturing a crisis within the Labour Party by making false accusations about antisemitism", which led to online antisemitic and misogynistic abuse targeting Berger.
In 2021, Holocaust historian Kenneth Waltzer wrote: "When anti-Zionists accuse Jews who call out antisemitism of raising the issue in bad faith in order to silence anti-Zionism, this too is antisemitic anti-Zionism. They accuse those who cry antisemitism of engaging in a swindle or a lie and acting in bad faith." Mark Goldfeder, writing for the Penn State Law Review in 2023, expands on Waltzer, writing, "it is ironic and idiosyncratically true of antisemitism—as opposed to other forms of discrimination—that even attempts to describe or define the phenomenon are often themselves rejected by antisemites using classic antisemitic tropes about Jewish power. Instead of believing or acknowledging the experiences of Jewish people who have been targeted and subject to abuse, and dispensing with any notion of good faith, the antisemitic rejectionists instead blame and smear the victims themselves, accusing the Jews/Zionists of once again organizing their secret cabal to act maliciously and manipulate others into doing their bidding and silencing others." | WIKI |
The Market's 10 Best Stocks
Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Investors are always searching for the best possible stocks. That's because if you can identify a winning stock before it takes off, it can have a life-changing impact on your finances.
In order to find those stocks, though, it helps to know what you're looking for. Looking back at the past to find out what helped drive highly successful companies to lofty share-price heights can help reveal a lot about the attributes that are likely to define future stock market winners. And when you see the latest list of top-performing stocks from the past decade, you'll quickly notice some things that nearly all of them have in common.
The best of the best
With that in mind, let's cut to the chase and reveal the market's 10 best stocks since the beginning of 2005:
Source: S&P Capital IQ . Includes only stocks listed on major U.S. exchanges with verifiable stock price histories and substantial volume throughout the period.
Perhaps the most interesting thing about this list is how many of the companies we've seen before on similar looks back in past years. Monster Beverage was formerly known as Hansen Natural, but the energy-drink giant has continued in its efforts to be an innovator in the beverage business.
Green Mountain has added the name of its popular Keurig single-serve brewing machine to its corporate moniker, but its returns have only accelerated in recent years. NewMarket appeared on the 2012 list , and it continues to drive growth with its focus on petroleum additives to boost power and efficiency.
Yet the thing that really stands out among these 10 companies is that, with the exception of market behemoth Apple, every single one of these stocks had a market capitalization of less than $1 billion a decade ago. What investors can learn from that is that if you expect to get truly life-changing returns from stocks, you can't expect to find them in the biggest, most prominent and well-known companies in the market. Instead, you have to dig deeper and take a look at parts of the market that many Wall Street analysts leave untouched -- small companies that often take some digging just to find out what they actually do, let alone what their potential is for future growth.
Source: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.
In addition, you can easily see the impact of large-scale industry trends by looking at successful stocks of the recent past. Biotechnology stocks are well represented on the list, with Regeneron, Illumina, and Alexion all posting impressive gains. Each of these companies can point to its own individual success stories, including Regeneron's macular degeneration drug Eylea, Illumina's groundbreaking work on genetic sequencing, and Alexion's orphan-drug success from rare-blood disorder treatment Soliris. But they're also representative of a larger trend throughout the biotech sector that has enabled many astute investors to cash in on the favorable results there.
Source: Apple.
Finally, one last lesson you can learn from looking at several of these stocks is: Once you find a winner, don't be in a hurry to let it go. Countless numbers of investors have sold off their holdings in Apple during the years, convinced that it had no more room to rise after its huge gains. Yet the company has defied expectations, continuing to cash in on its product lineup while coming out with new and innovative products that hold the promise of even more blockbusters ahead. Similarly, Priceline has long established itself as the dominant online travel portal in the industry, but it continues to fight for market share and keeps extending its reach across the globe in search of new growth opportunities.
Great investors never stop looking for the top stocks of tomorrow. But they also know where to look to have the best chance of spotting future winners. By focusing on the stocks that most investors never even look at, you'll boost your odds of buying the stock that tops this list in 2024.
One great stock to buy for 2015 and beyond
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
ISIS Leader al-Baghdadi Is Dead, Trump Says
President Trump said in a nationally televised address that American forces targeted Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the head of the Islamic State, in an operation in Syria this weekend. WASHINGTON — President Trump announced on Sunday that a daring American commando raid in Syria this weekend culminated in the death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of the Islamic State, after a five-year international manhunt, claiming a significant victory even as American forces are pulling out of the area. “Last night, the United States brought the world’s No. 1 terrorist leader to justice,” Mr. Trump said in an unusual morning nationally televised address from the White House. “Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi is dead.” Mr. Trump said Mr. al-Baghdadi was chased to the end of an underground tunnel, “whimpering and crying and screaming all the way” as he was pursued by American military dogs. Accompanied by three children, Mr. al-Baghdadi then detonated a suicide vest, blowing up himself and the children, Mr. Trump said. The death of Mr. al-Baghdadi may be a signal moment in the generation-long war against terrorists as well as in Mr. Trump’s presidency, eliminating a ruthless enemy who beheaded American captives and at one time controlled a swath of the Middle East roughly the size of Britain. But terrorist leaders have been killed before without ending the war, and it remained unclear what effect his death would have on the Islamic State at a time it has already lost its territorial holdings. Mr. Trump nonetheless reveled in the moment, using boastful and provocative language unlike the more solemn tone typically adopted by presidents in such moments. He repeated the word “whimpering” six times and made a point of repeatedly portraying Mr. al-Baghdadi as “sick and depraved” and his followers as “losers” and “frightened puppies.” “He died like a dog,” Mr. Trump said. “He died like a coward.” His vivid account, however, quickly came into question. Defense Secretary Mark T. Esper, who monitored the raid along with Mr. Trump in the Situation Room on Saturday, said he knew nothing about any “whimpering,” and other officials said it was not possible to hear anything like that on the overhead drone feed the president watched. But Mr. Esper and other officials said Mr. Trump might have gotten that detail from commanders on the ground. The raid came at a time when Washington has been roiled by an impeachment battle putting Mr. Trump’s presidency in jeopardy as well as a storm of criticism over his decision to pull most American forces out of Syria. Rather than create a moment when a polarized city came together, the successful raid simply fueled the debates consuming the capital. Indeed, while he tipped off a couple of Republican senators, Mr. Trump made a point of refusing to inform Speaker Nancy Pelosi or other Democratic leaders in advance of the raid, as is customary, saying they could not be trusted not to leak, even though he said he notified Russia beforehand. Mr. Trump was clearly eager to claim credit for the raid even as it became clear that military commanders had to rush the operation to execute it while sufficient American troops were still in place. While he used the occasion to defend his withdrawal decision, critics said the raid actually reinforced the need for an American military presence in the region. “We must keep in mind that we were able to strike Baghdadi because we had forces in the region,” said Representative Michael Waltz, Republican of Florida and a former Army Green Beret. “We must keep ISIS from returning by staying on offense.” The timing also highlighted again the American alliance with Syrian Kurdish forces, who helped the United States fight the Islamic State over the past five years and were providing intelligence critical to the success of the raid even as Mr. Trump effectively abandoned them by withdrawing troops and allowing Turkey to invade. By The New York Times “For five months there has been joint intel cooperation on the ground and accurate monitoring, until we achieved a joint operation to kill Abu Bakir al-Bagdadi,” Mazloum Abdi, the general commander of the Kurdish fighters known as the Syrian Democratic Forces, wrote on Twitter on Sunday. “Thanks to everybody who participate in this great mission,” he added, including the president’s Twitter handle, @realDonaldTrump. Mr. Trump said he had no second thoughts about his plan to withdraw. “We don’t want to keep soldiers between Syria and Turkey for the next 200 years,” he said. “They’ve been fighting for hundreds of years. We’re out.” But he made an exception for oil supplies, saying he would leave troops to guard them. “Maybe somebody else wants the oil, in which case they have a hell of a fight,” he said. The discovery of Mr. al-Baghdadi’s location came after the arrest and interrogation of one of Mr. al-Baghdadi’s wives and a courier this summer, two American officials said. The location surprised his American pursuers because it was deep inside a part of northwestern Syria controlled by archrival Qaeda groups. Armed with that initial tip, the C.I.A. worked closely with Kurdish intelligence officials in Iraq and Syria to identify Mr. al-Baghdadi’s whereabouts and to put spies in place to monitor his periodic movements. Delta Force commandos, ferried by eight helicopters through hostile airspace, were fired on when they landed and entered the target compound by blowing a hole through the wall rather than take a chance on a booby-trapped main entrance, Mr. Trump said. No Americans were killed in the operation, although two were injured, as was a military dog. Mr. Trump said that American troops did “an on-site test” of DNA to confirm Mr. al-Baghdadi’s identity and that they brought back “body parts” when leaving the scene. Other officials said the tunnel partially collapsed in the explosion, making it hard to gather the remains. Mr. Trump said two women were found there wearing suicide vests that did not detonate but were killed on the scene, and he said 11 children were taken unharmed. Mr. Trump was so eager to trumpet the news that he posted a cryptic message on Twitter on Saturday night teasing his Sunday morning announcement, getting ahead of the forensics. A Defense Department official said that with any other president, the Pentagon would wait for absolute certainty before announcing victory, but Mr. Trump was impatient to get the news out. With impeachment investigators bearing down, Mr. Trump appeared intent on claiming credit for the raid, engaging in a lengthy question-and-answer session with reporters after his statement as he personally walked them through the details, promoted his own role and compared himself favorably to past presidents. The White House released a photograph of Mr. Trump surrounded by top advisers on Saturday in the Situation Room, where he monitored the raid on Mr. al-Baghdadi’s hide-out in Syria, much like the famed image of President Barack Obama watching the raid that killed Osama bin Laden in 2011. In his comments to reporters, Mr. Trump even seemed to suggest that killing Mr. al-Baghdadi was a bigger deal than killing Bin Laden. Mr. al-Baghdadi never occupied the same place in the American psyche as Bin Laden, but proved to be a tenacious and dangerous enemy of the United States and its allies in the Middle East. The son of a sheepherder from Iraq, Mr. al-Baghdadi, 48, was arrested by occupying American forces in 2004 and emerged radicalized from 11 months of captivity, eventually assembling a potent terrorist force that overtook Al Qaeda and imposed a virulent form of Islam on millions of people in Iraq and Syria. His Islamic State was formed out of the remnants of Al Qaeda in Iraq, a deadly radical Sunni group founded in the early years of the Iraq war by Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi. In June 2006, Mr. al-Zarqawi was killed in a safe house by American bombs, but his group continued its devastating violence in Iraq, and the civil war worsened over the next year. As the deaths of both Bin Laden and Mr. al-Zarqawi showed, even spectacular raids against high-profile targets do not end the threat of terrorists either in the region or at home. “The danger here is that President Trump decides once again to shift focus away from ISIS now that its leader is dead,” said Jennifer Cafarella, the research director for the Institute for the Study of War in Washington. “Unfortunately, killing leaders does not defeat terrorist organizations. We should have learned that lesson after killing Osama bin Laden, after which Al Qaeda continued to expand globally.” Mr. al-Baghdadi’s death could set off a succession struggle among top Islamic State leaders. Anticipating his own death, Mr. al-Baghdadi delegated authorities to regional and functional lieutenants to ensure that Islamic State operations would continue. “There are few publicly well-recognized candidates to potentially replace al-Baghdadi,” said Evan F. Kohlmann, who tracks militant websites at the New York security consulting firm Flashpoint Global Partners. Mr. Kohlmann said the next most prominent public figure from within the Islamic State is its current official spokesman, Abu Hassan al-Muhajir, an enigma himself whose exact pedigree is still unclear. The leader of a Syrian Kurdish militia and a Syrian activist reported Sunday that Mr. al-Muhajir had also been killed in a separate attack, but American officials could not immediately confirm those reports. The raid on Mr. al-Baghdadi took place in Idlib Province, hundreds of miles from the area along the Syrian-Iraqi border where he had been believed to be hiding, according to senior officials. Counterterrorism experts expressed surprise that Mr. al-Baghdadi was hiding in an area dominated by Qaeda groups so far from his strongholds. However, the Islamic State has extensively penetrated Idlib Province since the fall of Raqqa, its stronghold in northeastern Syria, in late 2017. The American operation on Saturday took place in a smuggling area near the Turkish border where numerous ISIS foreign fighters have most likely traversed, Ms. Cafarella said. “It could be that he believed the chaos of Idlib would provide him with the cover he needed to blend in among hordes of jihadists and other rebels,” said Colin P. Clarke, a senior fellow at the Soufan Center, a research organization for global security issues. But there was also a more ominous explanation of his presence in Idlib, the possibility of “resumed negotiations between him and Al Qaeda leaders for reunification and/or a collaboration with Al Qaeda elements on attacks against the West,” Ms. Cafarella said. In announcing the raid, Mr. Trump put himself in the center of the action, describing himself as personally hunting Mr. al-Baghdadi since the early days of his administration. He said he monitored the action on Saturday with Mr. Esper; Vice President Mike Pence; Gen. Mark A. Milley, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; and others through a live feed in the Situation Room “as though you were watching a movie.” Unlike previous presidents announcing such operations, Mr. Trump ended his national address by taking questions from reporters. He made a point of thanking Russia, Turkey, Syria and Iraq for their cooperation and said Kurdish forces provided “information that turned out to be helpful.” By contrast, he described America’s traditional European allies as “a tremendous disappointment,” repeating his complaint that they have not agreed to take captured Islamic State fighters who originated from their countries. Officials later disputed the president’s assertion that Russia gave permission to cross airspace that its forces control. An American official who also asked not to be named said Russia was simply informed that the aircraft would be flying through the airspace and that it was “ridiculous” for the president to say permission was requested. For its part, the Russian government denied giving any permission and suggested the entire operation may have been made up. The “contradictory details” of the account “raise legitimate questions and doubts about its reality and all the more its success,” a Defense Ministry spokesman told Russian news media. In announcing the raid, Mr. Trump cited victims of the Islamic State by name, and afterward he called the families of four Americans kidnapped and killed. Three of them, including journalist James Foley, were beheaded in gruesome propaganda videos. A fourth, Kayla Mueller, was killed under murky circumstances. Diane Foley, the mother of James Foley, said she urged the president to bring two captives suspected of abducting and torturing her son to the United States to face prosecution in federal court. The raid could help Mr. Trump with at least some hawkish Republican lawmakers who had broken with him over his Syria pullback decision. Mr. Trump invited Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican of South Carolina, usually a strong ally who had been the most outspoken critic of his Syria decision, to join him for the speech on Sunday morning and then sent Mr. Graham to brief reporters from the lectern in the White House briefing room, an unusual spectacle for a lawmaker. Mr. Graham called the raid “a game changer in the war on terror,” while adding that “the war is by no means over.” He said Mr. Trump had reassured him on his concerns. “The president’s determination over time has paid off,” Mr. Graham said. “We don’t give him enough credit for destroying the caliphate.” He added: “This is a moment when President Trump’s worst critics should say, ‘Well done, Mr. President.’” Democrats were not quick to take the advice. Former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr., Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, the Democratic leader, and other Democrats released statements praising the military and intelligence officials involved in the raid without mentioning Mr. Trump. Ms. Pelosi said the president was wrong to keep congressional leaders in the dark. “The House must be briefed on this raid, which the Russians but not top congressional leadership were notified of in advance, and on the administration’s overall strategy in the region,” she said in a statement. Representative Adam B. Schiff, Democrat of California and the chairman of the House Intelligence Committee who is leading the impeachment inquiry, said “good riddance” to “a bloodthirsty killer,” calling the raid “an important victory.” But he said the success of the raid did not absolve Mr. Trump of the decision to abandon the Kurds by pulling out. “It’s a disastrous mistake to betray the Kurds this way,” he said. “I think it just improves the Russian position in the Middle East, something they desperately want.” Reporting was contributed by Rukmini Callimachi from Romania, Maggie Haberman from New York and Edward Wong, Nicholas Fandos, Adam Goldman and Chris Cameron from Washington. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
List of Israeli poets
The poets listed below were either born in the Israel or else published much of their poetry while living in that country.
A
* Ada Aharoni (born 1933)
* Aharon Amir (1923–2008)
* Dan Armon (born 1948)
* Irit Amiel (1931–2021)
* Maya Arad (born 1971)
* Yehuda Amichai (1924–2000)
* Yaron Avitov (born 1957)
* Dana Amir (born 1966)
* Karen Alkalay-Gut (born 1945)
* Aharon Appelfeld (1932–2018)
* Lucy Ayoub (born 1992)
* Naim Araidi (1950–2015)
B
* Rivka Basman Ben-Hayim (1925–2023)
* Miri Ben-Simhon
* Rachel Boymvol (1914–2000)
* Avraham Ben-Yitzhak (1883–1950)
* Shmuel Ben-Artzi (1914–2011)
* Rachel Tzvia Back (born 1960)
* Ya'qub Bilbul (1920–2003)
* Erez Biton (born 1942)
* Halina Birenbaum (born 1929)
* Yocheved Bat-Miriam (1901–1980)
C
* Sami Shalom Chetrit (born 1960)
* Amichai Chasson (born 1987)
* Miriam Barukh Chalfi (1917–2002)
* Edith Covensky (born 1945)
* Raquel Chalfi
* Inbal Eshel Cahansky (born 1977)
* Ya'akov Cahan (1881–1960)
* T. Carmi (1925–1994)
D
* Fatima Dhiab (born 1951)
E
* Yael Eisenberg (born 1991)
F
* Jacob Fichman (1881–1958)
* Robert Friend (1913–1998)
* Ezra Fleischer (1928–2006)
G
* Gilla Gerzon
* Hagit Grossman (born 1976)
* Michal Govrin (born 1950)
* Dana Goldberg (born 1979)
* Leah Goldberg (1911-1970)
* Mordechai Geldman (1946–2021)
* Yael Globerman (born 1954)
* Amir Gilboa (1917–1984)
* Haim Gouri (1923–2018)
* Mikhail Gendelev (1950–2009)
* Igor Guberman (born 1936)
H
* Dalia Hertz (born 1942)
* Benjamin Harshav (1928–2015)
* Ayin Hillel (1926–1990)
* Yair Hurvitz (1941–1988)
* Hedva Harechavi (born 1941)
* Paul Hartal (born 1936)
* Amira Hess (born 1943)
* Shlomo Herberg (1884–1966)
* Galit Hasan-Rokem (born 1945)
* Sabine Huynh (born 1972)
* Tehila Hakimi (born 1982)
K
* Radu Klapper (1937–2006)
* Yehudit Kafri (born 1935)
* Adi Keissar (born 1980)
* Olga Kirsch (1924–1997)
* Yuri Kolker (born 1946)
* Ronen Altman Kaydar (born 1972)
* Abba Kovner (1918–1987)
* Shirley Kaufman (1923–2016)
* Admiel Kosman (born 1957)
* Nidaa Khoury (born 1959)
* Shlomo Kalo (1928–2014)
L
* Yitzhak Lamdan (1899–1954)
* Giora Leshem (1940–2011)
* Malka Locker (1887–1990)
* Yitzhak Laor (born 1948)
M
* Nava Macmel-Atir (born 1964)
* Margalit Matitiahu (born 1935)
* Rikva Miriam
* Agi Mishol (born 1946)
* Itzik Manger (1901–1969)
* Dory Manor (born 1971)
* Yakir Ben Moshe (born 1973)
* Efrat Mishori (born 1964)
N
* Vaan Nguyen (born 1982)
* Yehezkel Nafshy (born 1977)
* Erich Neumann (1905–1960)
* Yonit Naaman (born 1975)
* Ron Nesher (born 1983)
* Tal Nitzán (born 1961)
* Zvi Nir (born 1946)
O
* Mariya Ocher (born 1986)
P
* Dan Pagis (1930–1986)
* Israel Pincas (born 1935)
* Hava Pinhas-Cohen (born 1955)
* Ravid Plotnik (born 1988)
* Haviva Pedaya (born 1957)
R
* Alex Rif (born 1986)
* Abraham Regelson (1896–1981)
* Esther Raab (1894–1981)
* Tuvya Ruebner (1924–2019)
* Yonatan Ratosh (1908–1981)
* Janice Rebibo (1950–2015)
S
* Zoya Semenduyeva (1929–2020)
* Ayat Abou Shmeiss (born 1984)
* Shin Shifra (1931–2012)
* Esther Shkalim (born 1954)
* Avner Shats (born 1959)
* Tal Slutzker (born 1986)
* Zalman Shneour (1887–1959)
* Gali-Dana Singer (born 1962)
* Amir Segal (born 1980)
* Ronny Someck (born 1951)
* Avraham Shlonsky (1900–1973)
* Rami Saari (born 1963)
* Abraham Sutzkever (1913–2010)
* Bracha Serri
* Avraham Stern (1907–1942)
* David Shimoni (1891–1956)
* Mati Shemoelof (born 1972)
* Shva Salhoov (born 1963)
* Nava Semel (1954–2017)
* David Dean Shulman (born 1949)
* Gershom Schocken (1912–1990)
T
* Gabriel Talphir (1901–1990)
* Shimon Tzabar (1926–2007)
* Omer Toledano (born 1980)
V
* Sam Vaknin (born 1961)
W
* Yona Wallach (1944–1985)
Z
* Nurit Zarchi (born 1941)
* Tawfiq Ziad (1929–1994)
* Boaz Zippor (born 1972)
* Linda Stern Zisquit
* Benny Ziffer (born 1953) | WIKI |
Hartmut Keyler
Hartmut Keyler (born 29 June 1936) is a German architect who served as a member of the World Scout Committee, as well as a member of the European Scout Committee.
Professional career
Keyler was born in Esslingen am Neckar, and attended school in Esslingen, Korntal and Munich. From 1953 to 1955 he was apprenticed as a carpenter. Beginning in 1955, Keyler studied architecture at the Staatsbauschule München (today: Munich University of Applied Sciences). Since 1959, he works as freelance architect in Munich.
Keyler became a member of Bund Deutscher Architekten and Deutscher Werkbund in 1971. In 1994, he was appointed to the Bayerische Akademie Ländlicher Raum.
Scouting
Being a Scout in the Christliche Pfadfinderschaft Deutschlands and the Verband Christlicher Pfadfinderinnen und Pfadfinder since 1949, Keyler served twice in the European Scout Committee (1968–1972 and 1977–1980) as well as in the World Scout Committee (1971–1975 and 1985–1993). In 1969, he was among the founders of the Deutschsprachige Konferenz der Pfadfinderverbände. He is a member of the World honours and awards committee of the World Organization of the Scout Movement since 2005.
In 1979, Keyler was awarded the 137th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, for exceptional services to world Scouting. He was also a recipient of the Silver World Award. | WIKI |
Target beats profit, revenue and same-store sales expectations, but stock falls
Shares of Target Corp. dropped 1.7% in premarket trading Wednesday, although the discount retailer reported fiscal first-quarter profit, revenue and same-store sales that beat expectations. Net income for the quarter to May 2 fell to $284 million, or 56 cents a share, from $795 million, or $1.53 a share, in the year-ago period. Excluding non-recurring items, adjusted earnings per share came to 59 cents, above the FactSet consensus of 44 cents. Total revenue increased 11.3% to $19.62 billion, beating the FactSet consensus of $19.02 billion. Same-store sales grew 10.8% to beat expectations of 7.6% growth, as the average basket increased 12.5% as customers made fewer but bigger shopping trips amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital comparable sales grew 141%, with growth accelerating from a 33% rise in February to a 282% increase in April as a result amid COVID-19-related stay-at-home orders. Target did not provide financial guidance, given uncertainties regarding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The stock has gained 4.2% over the past three months through Tuesday, while the S&P 500 has declined 13.4%. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Java Persistence/Preface
Why we need a "Java Persistence" wikibook. After owning a couple books regarding persistence (mainly, core JDBC), obsolescence is one reason why I prefer the wikibook than a dust collector.
* --Junkcafe (talk) 16:18, 2 November 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Foot burns and diabetes: a retrospective study
768 views / Popular
Authors: Lawrence,E.;Li,F.
Publication: Burns & trauma
Year: 2015
Volume: 3
Start Page: 24
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND: Diabetes in conjunction with a foot burn can compound the challenges in wound healing; however, the impact of diabetes on outcomes of patients with foot burns has not been examined.
METHODS: A retrospective notes audit was conducted at the Concord Hospital Burns Unit for patients with foot burns who were admitted from 1(st) January 2012 to 31(st) December 2013. Data were collected for 15 subjects with foot burns and diabetes and 18 subjects with foot burns and no diabetes as a control group. Subjects were matched for percentage total body surface area of burns.
RESULTS: The mean inpatient and total lengths of stay for the diabetic group were 21.27 days and 64.80 days, which were significantly longer (P = 0.090 and P = 0.054) than the 9.61 days and 30.56 days in the control, based on a significance level of 0.10. The diabetic group was significantly older (P = 0.001), at 56.60 years versus 39.44 years in the control. Significantly (P = 0.033) more patients with diabetes were not working (n = 12/15 or 80.00 % versus n = 7/18 or 38.89 %) compared to the control. The diabetic group had higher rates of regrafting (n = 3/15 or 20.00 % versus n = 1/18 or 5.55 %) than the control and significantly (P = 0.013) more amputations (n = 5/15 or 33.33 % versus n = 0 or 0.00 %) compared to the control. Fewer patients with diabetes were prescribed pressure garments (n = 2/15 or 13.33 % versus n = 9/18 or 50.00 %), which was significant (P = 0.034). The increased age of patients in the diabetic group correlates with results from other studies. Healing time may be reflected by total length of stay, which was more than double for patients with diabetes, increasing demand and cost of inpatient and outpatient services.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of recognizing the potential for poorer outcomes for patients with diabetes and indicates the need for more burn prevention education and promotion in this ‘at risk’ patient group.
• Listing ID: 4644
• Author/s: Lawrence,E.;Li,F.
• Publication: Burns & trauma
• Year: 2015
• Volume: 3
• Start Page: 24
• Article Keywords: Age;Burns;Diabetes;Foot;Regrafting;Wound healing | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 63.djvu/91
He died at Chester on 27 Dec. 1842, and a tablet to his memory was placed in the cathedral. An engraving by R. Hicks of his portrait by J. Jackson, R.A., is in Jerdan's ‘National Portrait Gallery’ (vol. i.). There is another print of him, possibly a private plate, without artist's name; and a miniature at Trinity College, Cambridge.
Wrangham married at Bridlington, on 7 April 1799, Agnes, fifth daughter of Colonel Ralph Creyke of Marton in Yorkshire. She died in childbed on 9 March 1800, aged 21; but her daughter, Agnes Frances Everilda, survived, and on 16 June 1832 married Robert Isaac Wilberforce [q. v.], who succeeded her father as archdeacon of the East Riding. Wrangham married, secondly, at Brompton, near Scarborough, in 1801, Dorothy, second daughter and coheiress of Rev. Digby Cayley of Yorkshire, who brought him ‘a neat 700l. a year.’ She had issue two sons and three daughters. The eldest daughter, Philadelphia Frances Esther, married Edward William Barnard [q. v.] The third, Lucy Charlotte, was the wife of Henry Raikes of Llwynegrin, Flint, and mother of Henry Cecil Raikes [q. v.] The second son, Digby Cayley Wrangham (1805–1863), graduated B.A. with a double first-class from Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1826, and, after leaving Oxford, was for some years private secretary to Lord Aberdeen in the foreign office. Called to the bar from Gray's Inn in 1831, he was created queen's serjeant in 1847, and became father of the parliamentary bar (see Times, 13 and 16 March 1863, and Gent. Mag. 1863, i. 532).
Wrangham, who was elected F.R.S. on 15 Nov. 1804, was a member of the Bannatyne and Roxburghe clubs, editing in 1825 for the latter body Henry Goldingham's ‘Garden Plot, an allegorical poem.’ His works comprised, in addition to those already mentioned, and in addition to many single sermons and fugitive pieces: 1. ‘Reform: a farce modernised from Aristophanes. By S. Foote, jun.’ [i.e. Wrangham], 1792. 2. ‘Poems,’ 1795. It contains most of his pieces to date, including ‘Ad Bruntonam e Grantâ exituram, iii. Cal. Oct. .’ The English lines (pp. 79–83) are by S. T. Coleridge, and the translation (pp. 106–11) of Wrangham's French stanzas is by Wordsworth. Some copies of this volume seem to have been circulated in 1803; it is noticed in the ‘Monthly Review’ for January 1804 (pp. 82–5). Wordsworth sent him from Racedown in Dorset, in November 1795, certain imitations of Juvenal, and they thought of publishing a joint volume of satirical pieces (, Life of Wordsworth, i. 106). 3. ‘Thirteen Practical Sermons, founded upon Doddridge's “Religion in the Soul,”’ 1800; 2nd edit. 1802. 4. ‘Epigrams.’ Signed ‘X.,’ 1800? s.sh. 8vo. 5. ‘The raising of Jairus's daughter, with short Memoir of Caroline Symmons,’ 1804. 6. ‘A Volunteer Song,’ &c., 1805. Eleven pieces in all, including ‘Trafalgar, a song,’ which was issued separately in that year. 7. ‘Plutarch's Lives,’ translated by John and William Langhorne. Edited by Wrangham, 1808; 4th edit. under his editorship, 1826 (Notes and Queries, 9th ser. iii. 426, 492). 8. ‘A Word for Humanity’ [1810], s. sh. 9. ‘Death of Saul and Jonathan: a Poem,’ 1813. 10. ‘Poems’ [circa 1814]; thirty-six copies only printed. 11. ‘Virgil's Bucolics,’ translated, 1815, fifty copies only. His translation, revised and corrected, is included in Valpy's ‘Family Classical Library’ (1830). Conington says: ‘His lines are elegant, but artificial and involved; they show the man of taste, not the genuine poet’ (Miscell. Writings, i. 166). 12. ‘The British Plutarch,’ new edit. rearranged, 1816, 6 vols.; the set at the British Museum contains many manuscript additions and corrections by Wrangham. 13. ‘Scraps,’ 1816, fifty copies; he was much assisted in this and other works by Charles Symmons [q. v.]; it contained a spirited translation of Milton's ‘Second Defence,’ which was also issued in a separate form. 14. ‘Sermons, Dissertations, and Translations,’ 1816, 3 vols. It contained most of his writings to date, 1816; prefixed is a print of him. 15. ‘A few Sonnets [forty in all] from Petrarch. Italian and English,’ Lee Priory Press, 1817; signed ‘F. W.’ 16. ‘Evidences of Christianity,’ abridged from Doddridge, 1820; fifty copies. 17. ‘Apology for the Bible,’ abridged from Bishop Watson, 1820; fifty copies. 18. ‘Principal parts of Bishop Butler's Analogy,’ abridged, 1820; fifty copies. 19. ‘Internal Evidence of Christianity,’ abridged from Paley and Soame Jenyns, 1820; fifty copies. 20. ‘Inward Witness to Christianity,’ abridged from Watts, 1820; fifty copies. 21. ‘Reasons of the Christian's Hope,’ abridged from Leland, 1820; fifty copies. 22. ‘Short and easy Method with the Deists,’ abridged from Leslie, 1820, fifty copies. This had previously appeared at York in 1802. These seven abridgments were also included in ‘The Pleiad,’ 1820 (only twenty-five perfect copies), and in ‘Constable's Miscellany,’ vol. xxvi. (1828). By 1820 ‘twelve editions of ten thousand copies each’ had been circulated. 23. ‘Specimens of a Version of Horace's first four Books of Odes,’ 1820; fifty copies. It contained the whole of the third book. 24. ‘Lyrics of | WIKI |
User:Talaljawad
Talal Jawad born on (29 July 1990) in Lahore, Pakistan is practitioner, who competed in the Men's 80 kg class at the 2009 Pakistan Inter-Colleges held in Lahore and won the Gold medal from Pakistan Teakwondo Association. He is the first teakwondo champion in Lahore Inter-Colleges. | WIKI |
Vladimir Kostyukov
Vladimir Kostyukov (Уладзiмiр Касцюкоў; Владимир Костюков; 14 October 1954 – 17 December 2015) was a Belarusian professional football player and later coach. He spent the majority of his playing and entire coaching career in Dnepr Mogilev. Over the years he has been appointed as a caretaker or permanent head coach several times, with the latest head coach spell starting in October 2013. Kostyukov died on 17 December 2015. | WIKI |
User:ThatOnePT
My goals are to translate some articles from Portuguese to English (and vice versa) and to enrich articles with outside information.
Significant contributions
* Farm Frenzy
* List of PlayStation minis | WIKI |
Talk:Reinforcement learning from human feedback
Technical
@Moorlock: What's your reasoning in tagging this article with the template? None of the terms used aren't already explained in the reinforcement learning article, and I certainly would assume that someone coming to this specialized article either already knows the basics of RL, or if not that they will go to the RL article to learn more. Needless to say, we shouldn't be redefining every technical term from RL in this article, too. Popo Dameron talk 22:13, 29 March 2023 (UTC)
* I'm less convinced that readers of this page should be expected to have read a different page first as a prerequisite. I see the acronym RLHF tossed around enough nowadays that I anticipate people may come to Wikipedia just to find out what it stands for. Terms like "robustness," "exploration," "agent," "reward model," "policy," "reward function" are not necessarily meaningful to people who are not already well-versed in the discipline. Wikipedia is best when it makes some effort to explain such jargon to the general reader. Moorlock (talk) 22:33, 29 March 2023 (UTC)
* @Moorlock: I don't know, I would find it strange to define terms like "agent," "reward model," "policy," and "reward function" in this article when they're just core RL terms. Why would I not assume that they'll follow wikilinks to learn more? I mean, if someone who has no knowledge about RL comes here, then these terms will make no sense until they do understand RL. But that's not the topic of this article, so it shouldn't be expected for it to give a self-contained explanation of basic RL, no? That's what the reinforcement learning article is for.
* As a similar example, the ChatGPT article says in its lead that the model is built on top "families of large language models (LLMs) and has been fine-tuned (an approach to transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning techniques," yet terms like "language models," "transfer learning," "supervised learning," and "reinforcement learning," are never defined in the article. Instead, an interested reader can navigate through wikilinks and learn about them. Popo Dameron talk 23:06, 29 March 2023 (UTC)
* I agree that additional wikilinks to pages or sections that more thoroughly explain some of these terms of art would be helpful and maybe sufficient. Moorlock (talk) 23:17, 29 March 2023 (UTC)
Early learning from human feedback
I think that this page should include a reference to one of the earliest examples of RLHF, from 2014: Scheirer, W. J., Anthony, S. E., Nakayama, K., & Cox, D. D. (2014). Perceptual annotation: Measuring human vision to improve computer vision. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 36(8), 1679-1686. To the best of my (admittedly limited) knowledge, this is the earliest example of systematically using human feedback to improve machine learning, and the authors deserve the credit of a citation and concise discussion of this original work. Jj1236 (talk) 13:59, 25 October 2023 (UTC)jj1236
* I agree that background is important, but that particular paper does not appear to be about RL at all. Even if it were and with regards to other early papers, we should be careful not to give undue weight, as "RLHF" is a recently coined term that refers to a rather specific concept and not just any kind of RL based on human feedback. popo dameron talk 03:41, 12 March 2024 (UTC)
Attempt to simplify the first paragraph
It seems to me that the first paragraph of the introduction could be better explained, especially for non-specialists. So I tried to rewrite it. But I'm not sure whether it's better or worse, so I write it there instead:
Original version:
In machine learning, reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a technique to align an intelligent agent to human preferences. In classical reinforcement learning, the goal of such an agent is to learn a function that guides its behavior called a policy. This function learns to maximize the reward it receives from a separate reward function based on its task performance. However, it is difficult to define explicitly a reward function that approximates human preferences. Therefore, RLHF seeks to train a "reward model" directly from human feedback. The reward model is first trained in a supervised fashion—independently from the policy being optimized—to predict if a response to a given prompt is good (high reward) or bad (low reward) based on ranking data collected from human annotators. This model is then used as a reward function to improve an agent's policy through an optimization algorithm like proximal policy optimization.
Proposed version:
In machine learning, reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a technique used to align an intelligent agent with human preferences.
In reinforcement learning, the agent learns how to behave in order to maximize a reward function. However, it is difficult to define explicitly a reward function that approximates human preferences. RLHF first trains a preferences model in a supervised fashion, based on how well humans rank different AI-generated answers. This model is then used as a reward function to train other models, through an optimization algorithm like proximal policy optimization.
Feel free to give some honest feedback on what you think of this proposition. Alenoach (talk) 02:32, 21 May 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
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PERIMETER INSTITUTE RECORDED SEMINAR ARCHIVE
PIRSA:19040047 ( MP4 Medium Res , MP3 , PDF ) Which Format?
Probability in many-world theories
Speaker(s): Mateus Araujo
Abstract:
A common criticism directed against many-world theories is that, being deterministic, they cannot make sense of probability. I argue that, on the contrary, deterministic theories with branching provide us the only known coherent definition of objective probability. I illustrate this argument with a toy many-worlds theory known as Kent's universe, and discuss its limitations when applied to the usual Many-Worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.
I'll also argue that subjective probabilities are unproblematic in the many-worlds setting by showing how the usual decision-theoretical axioms apply there, and finish by showing that together with a proper definition of measurement they suffice to derive the Born rule.
Date: 16/04/2019 - 3:30 pm
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History of Somalia (1991–2006)
Between the fall of Siad Barre's government in January 1991 and the establishment of the Transitional National Government in 2006 (succeeded by the Transitional Federal Government), there was no central government in Somalia. Large areas of the country such as Puntland and Galmudug were internationally unrecognized and administered as autonomous regions of Somalia, while forces in the northwest declared the Republic of Somaliland. The remaining areas, including the capital Mogadishu, were divided into smaller territories ruled by competing faction leaders. During this period, Somalia has been cited as a real-world example of a stateless society and a country with no formal legal system.
His government's fall sparked Somalia's history by the reasons above.
The Transitional Federal Government, formed in 2004, was recognized as the central government of Somalia. Before December 2006, the TFG controlled only the town of Baidoa, the sixth largest city. The intervention of Ethiopian government forces following the rise of the Islamic Courts Union, culminating in the latter's defeat in the Battle of Baidoa, allowed the TFG to expand its control under the protection of Ethiopian troops. The TFG was at the time not able to effectively collect taxes, had no notable finances or real power base, and struggled to exert control over Mogadishu following an attempted move in late December 2006. However, the TFG later succeeded in capturing most of Somalia from insurgents, but struggled to cement its control and establish law and order.
Benjamin Powell argued that statelessness led to more order and less chaos than had the previous state, and economist Alex Tabarrok claimed that Somalia in its stateless period provided a "unique test of the theory of anarchy", in some aspects near of that espoused by anarcho-capitalists David D. Friedman and Murray Rothbard, although this is disputed by anarchists and anarcho-capitalists, who contend it is not anarchy, but merely chaos, perhaps resulting from unequal distribution of power and meddling by neighbors and developed nations like the United States. The Somali experience since the collapse of the state, and especially the failure of international intervention, has offered a clear challenge to elements of conventional economic, political and social order theory and the very premises under which Western diplomacy and development agencies operate, and in particular, in the words of anthropologist Peter D. Little, "assumptions about the role of states in maintaining order and services".
The rule of law
Following the downfall of the Siad Barre government, there was effectively no formal monocentric government law in Somalia. While some urban areas such as Mogadishu had private police forces, many Somalis simply returned to the traditional clan-based legal structures for local governance and dispute resolution. Identified by The New York Times as "legendary individualists", Somalis have been thought of as particularly receptive to anarchist forms of social organisation; social scientists have identified the pastoralist way of life that a great many Somalis lead as in tension with formal statist legal systems. Political loyalties are based on clan and region rather than political party, which, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs makes the sustainability of a centralised political system "difficult".
Anthropologist Spencer MacCallum has identified the rule of law during the period as that of the Xeer, a customary law indigenous to Somalia. The law permits practices such as safe travel, trade, and marriage, which survives "to a significant degree" throughout Somalia, particularly in rural Somalia where it is "virtually unaffected". MacCallum credits the Xeer with "Somalia's success without a central government, since it provides an authentic rule of law to support trade and economic development." In the Xeer, law and crime are defined in terms of property rights; consequently the criminal justice system is compensatory rather than the punitive system of the majority of states, and the Xeer is "unequivocal in its opposition" to any form of taxation. Powell et al. (2006) find that the existence of the common law dispute resolution system in Somalia makes possible basic economic order. MacCallum compares the Xeer to the common law in 6th century Scotland, and notes that there is no monopoly of either police nor judicial services, a condition of polycentric law. However, a weakness of such a system is that it proves ineffective at handling disputes and enforcing resolutions that cross clan boundaries. For example, in a dispute involving telecommunications company Aerolite, the plaintiff from the weaker clan was unable to collect the "unfairly" small settlement they had been awarded.
The absence of any effective coast guard to enforce maritime law, however, resulted in Somali international waters becoming an "international free-for-all", with piracy off the coast of Somalia in particular being the subject of international attention. Supporters of Somali piracy argue that they are reacting to illegal over-fishing and toxic waste dumping by foreign powers, and some pirate organisations have styled themselves as voluntarist defense organisations with names like National Volunteer Coastguard of Somalia and Somali Marines.
Social conditions
The international aid group Médecins Sans Frontières stated that the level of daily violence during this period was "catastrophic". While the homicide rate was significantly higher than in the US or in Europe, it was actually lower than in most of the African countries. A statistic from 2000 indicated that only 21% of the population had access to safe drinking water at that time, and Somalia had one of the highest child mortality rates in the world with 10% of children dying at birth and 25% of those surviving birth dying before age five. Additionally, "adult literacy is estimated to have declined from the already low level of 24% in 1989 to 17.1% in 2001." A more recent 2003 study reported that the literacy rate was 19%. The impact on human development in Somalia of governmental collapse and ensuing civil war was profound, leading to the breakdown of political institutions, the destruction of social and economic infrastructure and massive internal and external migrations.
According to a study by the libertarian think tank the Independent Institute: "In 2005, Somalia ranked in the top 50 percent in six of our 13 measures, and ranked near the bottom in only three: infant mortality, immunization rates, and access to improved water sources. This compares favorably with circumstances in 1990, when Somalia last had a government and was ranked in the bottom 50 percent for all seven of the measures for which we had that year's data: death rate, infant mortality, life expectancy, main telephone lines, tuberculosis, and immunization for measles and DTP.'"
The libertarian think tank the Mises Institute also repeatedly praised Somalia, as has the Libertarian think tank the Cato Institute.
Prior to the fall of the Somali government in the early 1990s, Somalia's life expectancy was approximately equal to neighboring Ethiopia. As of 2014, after a quarter of a century of minimal government, life expectancy in Somalia was 9 years behind Ethiopia. However, both of them improved drastically.
Social organization
In the absence of functioning governmental institutions and regulations, they were supplanted by the private sector and clan law. Commentators identify evidence of areas where the private sector adapted to the stateless environment. A 2004 World Bank study of the Somali economy concluded that "it may be easier than is commonly thought for basic systems of finance and some infrastructure services to function where government is extremely weak or absent." The New York Times referred to post-state Mogadishu as "the ultimate example of deregulation," noting that "[g]utsy entrepreneurs, including some women, opened their own hospitals, schools… telephone companies, power plants and ports".
Communications
In the absence of government service provision and regulation, private businessmen stepped in to provide telecommunications and mail services. In 2007 parts of Somalia had some of the best voice telecommunications in Africa, with 10 or more competing companies ready to wire home or office and provide crystal-clear service, including international long distance, for about $10 a month." According to the CIA World Factbook, private telephone companies "offer service in most major cities" via wireless technology, charging "the lowest international rates on the continent", Installation time for a land-line was just three days, while in neighboring Kenya waiting lists were many years long. On the other hand, just 0.7% of the population of Somalia had access to internet in 2006, a sixth of Kenya's internet penetration at the time, and in 2007 mobile phone penetration rates in Somalia were amongst the lowest in Africa.
The Economist argued the lack of telecommunication regulation in Somalia represented "a vivid illustration of the way in which governments…can often be more of a hindrance than a help" to private entrepreneurs. Abdullahi Mohammed Hussein of Telecom Somalia stated that "the government post and telecoms company used to have a monopoly but after the regime was toppled, we were free to set up our own business", though he also commented that he would be "interested in paying taxes" if an incoming government improved the security situation.
Utilities
Since 1991 Somalia has lacked a functioning central electricity grid, but private entrepreneurs have offered electricity generation on a localised basis, typically offering a choice of daytime, evening or 24-hour electricity. Gaalkacyo, a desert town in central Somalia, was provided with streetlights by local entrepreneur Abdirizak Osman, who expanded his enterprises from telecommunications to power generators, not only lighting the town but also supplying free electricity to the local hospital.
Private entrepreneurs have also collected and distributed water, although due to a lack of purification there is little access to safe water.
Media
After the fall of the government, dozens of private newspapers, radio and television stations rapidly grew (Mogadishu has two fiercely competing TV stations ), with private radio stations or newspapers in almost all major towns.
Transport
Multiple private airlines, including Air Somalia, Jubba Airways and Daallo Airlines, emerged to serve the Somali market. According to a 2005 World Bank report, the "private airline business in Somalia is now thriving with more than five carriers and price wars between the companies." Mohammed Yassin Olad, owner of Daallo Airlines, stated that the absence of government has led to both difficulties and benefits, and commented that "corruption is not a problem, because there is no government…We build the airports and we service the airports and we only fly when we are sure it's safe". Concurrently, the International Civil Aviation Organization and the United Nations Development Programme managed Somalia's airspace through the Civil Aviation Caretaker Authority for Somalia.
The expansion of the aviation industry was accompanied by the disruption of road transport; many roads are frequently blocked by militia checkpoints which demand payment (between $3 and $300, depending on goods carried) in order to allow the cars to continue their journey. A BBC report claimed there were seven such checkpoints in the 50 km between an airstrip and the capital, Mogadishu. Most of the money is used to buy khat, a drug used by the militiamen, and weapons such as the AK-47 and RPG-7.
Bosaso in relatively stable autonomous Puntland emerged as a regional hub and major port. A small fishing village prior to the fall of the state, Bosaso developed a lucrative import/export trade of U.S. $15 million per year out of its port during the 1990s. The population grew in eight years from 5,000 to 150,000, sustained by public services provided on a competitive basis by private enterprise, and court systems, schools and a university founded by the local community.
Education
In a 2007 study of the state of education in Somalia since the collapse of central authority in 1991, Abdullahi Sheikh Abdinoor found that "the Somali people have adapted rather well, under the circumstances, to the absence of the state, despite continuing insecurity and lawlessness prevailing in the country." Following the destruction of educational systems and infrastructure during the civil war, many new educational institutions were opened by community members, private enterprises and Islamic NGOs.
For centuries, the Somali community, as opposed to the state, has been in charge of Islamic education in all aspects, providing financial and administrative support. The majority of the schools are provided by the free market, sustained by school fees (typically $10 per month ); in cases where there are state-supported public schools, private schools are often coveted for their academic excellence, outperforming their public competitors in academic achievement tests.
By 2005 there were 1,172 primary schools, but levels of enrollment that were low even by African standards with only around 17–19% of schoolchildren in primary education. Nevertheless, this level of primary enrollment was approaching pre-war levels, with secondary school enrollment also showing an increase since 1998.
In Mogadishu, the Somalia National University, Benadir University and the Mogadishu University are three of the eight universities providing tertiary education in Southern Somalia, with the latter two institutions founded during the stateless period.
Currency
Rival producers of Somali shillings emerged after 1991. These included the Na shilling, which failed to gain widespread acceptance, and the Balweyn I and II, which were forgeries of pre-1991 bank notes. A competition for seigniorage drove the value of the money down to about $0.04 per SoSh (1000) note, approximately the commodity cost. Consumers have refused to accept bills larger than the 1991 denominations, which has helped stop the devaluation from spiraling further. The pre-1991 notes and the subsequent forgeries are treated as the same currency. It takes large bundles to make cash purchases.
The relatively stable value of the currency in the 1990s compared to the 1980s is explained by Peter D. Little in Somalia: Economy without a State as resulting from the lack of a central government printing currency to pay for civil and military expenditures. Traders avoid the need to carry large amounts of Somali shillings by converting them to U.S. dollars and then wiring them to money houses in Somalia. Because identification can be easily forged, those seeking to pick up wired money are required to answer questions about their clan and kinship relations. Private remittance companies known as hawala assist in the transfer of money. One of the largest such companies, Al Barakaat, was shut down in 2001 by a U.S.-led initiative due to alleged terrorist ties; the company's communications business, with more than 40,000 subscribers, was also shut down.
With the establishment of the Transitional National Government in 2000, a group of businessmen imported about 30 billion shillings of Canadian-printed notes, sparking a collapse of the currency and wide-scale demonstrations and protests in Mogadishu. The value declined by 30 percent (to 13,000 per $1) in three months, and by the end of 2001 the currency had fallen to about SoSh 22,000 per US dollar. Further imports of money caused additional disruption and the TNG was forced to buy up large amounts of money.
In the autonomous northwestern Somaliland region, the Somaliland shilling is used as currency. It hasn't been recognized as legal tender by the international community, and has no official exchange rate. It is regulated by the Bank of Somaliland, the enclave's central bank. Although the separatist authorities in Somaliland attempted to bar usage of the Somali shilling, Somalia's official currency remained the preferred means of exchange for many peoples in the region.
Economic conditions
Although it states that no reliable statistics are available for the period in question, the United Nations claims that Somalia, already one of the poorest countries in the world, has become even poorer as a result of civil war. However, the CIA Factbook maintains that gains were made during the early 2000s; "despite the seeming anarchy, Somalia's service sector has managed to survive and grow. Mogadishu's main market offers a variety of goods from food and khat to the newest electronic gadgets. Hotels continue to operate, and militias provide security."
When extreme poverty (percentage of individuals living on less than PPP$1 a day) was last measured by the World Bank in 1998, Somalia fared better than many other countries in Africa, over some of whom Somalia also had superior infrastructure. The CIA World Factbook counsels that "Statistics on Somalia's GDP, growth, per capita income, and inflation should be viewed skeptically", while estimating Somalia's GDP per capita at $600.
In the absence of a Somali state and its institutions, the private sector grew "impressively" according to the World Bank in 2003, particularly in the areas of trade, commerce, transport, remittance and infrastructure services and in the primary sectors, notably in livestock, agriculture and fisheries. In 2007, the United Nations reported that the country's service industry is also thriving. Economist Peter T. Leeson, in an event study of "the impact of anarchy on Somali development", found that "[t]he data suggest that while the state of this development remains low, on nearly all of 18 key indicators that allow pre- and post-stateless welfare comparisons, Somalis are better off under anarchy than they were under government." Powell et al. concur that in absolute terms, Somalia's living standards have improved and compare favorably with many existing African states, but also report that living standards have often improved "relative to other African countries since the collapse of the Somali central government."
Islamic courts
Following the collapse of centralized government, much of the legal system and most of the educational institutions and social services fell under the control of religious institutions, which often received significant funding and support from international charities. In 2005, some of these clerical organizations united to form the Islamic Courts Union, after the secular rebel leaders began to challenge the sharia-based judicial institutions. Wary of Islamist paramilitaries in the age of the War on Terror, the CIA funneled hundreds of thousands of dollars to secular rebel leaders inside Somalia in 2006, intending thereby to neutralize the threat of suspected members of Al Qaeda they believed to be sheltered by the ICU. This was cited by experts as a factor in the resurgence of Islamic militias in the country, prompting the latter to engage in pre-emptive strikes which routed the rebel leaders and led to the seizure of Ford by the ICU. The ICU gained control of Mogadishu and its surrounding districts in June 2006, after the Second Battle of Mogadishu. The ICU was later overthrown by the Ethiopian military with the support of the United Nations, African Union, and the United States government. After the ICU forces were chased from Mogadishu, the leaders of the Transitional Federal Parliament entered Somalia declaring themselves the rightful governors of Somalia. As of October 2007, there was still widespread opposition within Somalia to the TFG, and the TFG's leaders and their allies were still attempting to suppress a strong insurgency. In January 2009 politician Abdirahman Ahmed was executed for alleged apostasy by a Sharia court.
Transitional Federal Government
The Transitional Federal Government was internationally recognized as the government of Somalia until August 2012, when it was replaced by the Federal Government of Somalia. It was established in 2004 as a successor to the now defunct Transitional National Government, and currently occupies Somalia's seat in the United Nations. The TFG is allied with the Islamic Courts Union and the Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia, and is backed by the United States, the United Nations and the African Union. Its forces are fighting to quell the ongoing insurgency in Somalia and are attempting to gain control of the southern half of the country, as the northern regions are both autonomous and comparatively stable. As a truce, in March 2009, Somalia's newly established coalition government announced that it would implement Shari'a as the nation's official judicial system. | WIKI |
In re Vera Agnes CANINO, Debtor. Vera Agnes CANINO, Appellant, v. Richard E. BLEAU, Chapter 7 Trustee, Appellee.
BAP No. EC-94-1861-OVR.
Bankruptcy No. 92-23346-C-7.
United States Bankruptcy Appellate Panel of the Ninth Circuit.
Argued and Submitted March 23, 1995.
Decided May 25, 1995.
John A. Tosney, Sacramento, CA, for appellant.
Richard E. Bleau, Orangevale, CA, for ap-pellee.
Before OLLASON, RUSSELL and VOLINN, Bankruptcy Judges.
OPINION
OLLASON, Bankruptcy Judge:
OVERVIEW
Debtor claimed exemptions for full equity in a vehicle and residence that facially exceeded the statutory exemptions. The bankruptcy trustee did not file an objection to the claimed exemptions within the statutorily prescribed period. Prior to the expiration of the time for the trustee to object to the claimed exemptions, the trustee sold the vehicle and paid Debtor the allowed exemption under California law. After the trustee sold the residence, he moved the court for an order to turn over the proceeds to the estate, minus the allowed homestead exemption pursuant to California law. The bankruptcy court concluded that the trustee’s actions for sale of the assets and notice of asset case constituted an informal or de facto objection, and granted his motion. Debtor timely appealed the bankruptcy court’s order. We AFFIRM, on other grounds, as to the vehicle and REVERSE as to the residence.
STATEMENT OF FACTS
Vera Agnes Canino (“Debtor”) and her husband, Loren Joseph Canino (“Canino”), (jointly “Debtors”), filed a Chapter 7 petition in bankruptcy on April 15, 1992. The petition was filed by Debtors in propria persona. Debtor was under 65 years of age and did not assert a disability. Canino was approximately 80 years of age, and was the subject of a conservatorship proceeding. Debtors were joint owners of a residence, and had recorded a declaration of homestead on April 14, 1992, the day before filing for bankruptcy.
On schedule C, Debtors listed their residence as exempt under Cal.Civ.Proc.Code 704.910. Debtors listed the property value as $175,000, and the exemption value as $155,053.57, which was the property value minus the one secured Ken in the amount of $19,946.48. The exemption facially represented Debtors’ total equity in the property. The exemption claim exceeded the statutory exemption available pursuant to Cal.Civ.Proc. Code § 704.730, which provides in pertinent part:
(a) The amount of the homestead exemption is one of the following:
(1)Fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) unless the judgment debtor or spouse of the judgment debtor who resides in the homestead is a person described in paragraph (2)or (3).
(3)One hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) if the judgment debtor or spouse of the judgment debtor who resides in the homestead is at the time of the attempted sale of the homestead any one of the following:
(A) A person 65 years of age or older.
(B) A person physically or mentally disabled. ...
(C) A person 55 years of age or older with a gross annual income of not more than fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000) or, if the judgment debtor is married, a gross annual income, including the gross annual income of the judgment debtor’s spouse, of not more than twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) and the sale is an involuntary sale.
(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the combined homestead exemptions of spouses on the same judgment shall not exceed the amount specified in paragraph (2) or (3), whichever is appKca-ble, of subdivision (a), regardless of whether the spouses are jointly obhgated on the judgment and regardless of whether the homestead consists of community or separate property or both.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this article, if both spouses are entitled to a homestead exemption, the exemption of proceeds of the homestead shall be apportioned between the spouses on the basis of their proportionate interests in the homestead.
Cal.Civ.Proc.Code § 704.730 (West 1995).
Debtors also Ksted a 1991 Ford Escort as exempt pursuant to Cal.Civ.Proc.Code § 704.010. The car’s value was Ksted as $7,500, and the exemption value was also Ksted as $7,500. The exemption claim exceeded the statutory exemption of $1,200. See Cal.Civ.Proc.Code § 704.010(a) (West 1995).
At no time did the Chapter 7 Trustee (“Trustee”) or any other party in interest file a formal written objection to these claimed exemptions. Debtor did not amend the schedules at any time, nor was she ordered to do so by the bankruptcy court.
Conservatorship Proceedings
At the time Debtors filed their bankruptcy petition, Canino had not resided at Debtors’ residence for at least one year. Debtor and one of Canino’s two daughters had been engaged in a conservatorship action concerning Canino; he had been living with his daughter pursuant to court order. Prior to living with his daughter, Canino had been institutionalized at an Alzheimer’s center suffering from severe depression. Prior to that, he had resided with Debtor.
On July 29, 1991, the state court ordered that Canino remain in his daughter’s home. On November 7, 1991, the state court granted the petition of Canino’s daughter for her appointment as conservator of Canino’s person. Debtor was appointed conservator of Canino’s estate. The state court based its decision, in part, on the findings that Canino was unable to manage his finances or to resist fraud or undue influence, and that he lacked the capacity to give informed consent for medical treatment.
On May 21, 1992, a month after Debtor and Canino filed for bankruptcy, Canino’s daughters filed a petition in state court for an order appointing the other daughter as successor conservator of Canino’s estate. The automatic stay interrupted that proceeding. On July 10, 1992, Canino’s daughters then filed a motion to dismiss the bankruptcy case as to Canino, due to his mental incompetence to sign the bankruptcy petition, and also moved for relief from the automatic stay as to their state court action. They requested the bankruptcy court to take judicial notice of the fact that Debtor had not filed a bond with the Probate Court, nor had any letters of administration been issued to Debt- or concerning her status as conservator of Canino’s estate as required under California law before Debtor could act on Canino’s behalf. Therefore, Canino was in “legal-limbo,” their motion alleged. The bankruptcy court granted the motion to dismiss Canino from the bankruptcy case in its order of September 9, 1992, and ruled that the bankruptcy case was “no longer a joint case.” The court further ruled that “the rights of the trustee shall be precisely the rights that the trustee would have had if Vera Agnes Canino had filed individually rather [than] jointly.” Thereafter, Canino’s daughter was appointed conservator of Canino’s estate.
Trustee’s Activities in Bankruptcy
The creditors’ meeting was originally scheduled for May 19, 1992, but was continued to and concluded on June 23, 1992. The time for objecting to the exemptions, pursuant to Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003(b) expired 30 days thereafter, on July 23, 1992.
Although Trustee did not formally object to the claimed exemptions, on June 1, 1992, he moved to employ a real estate broker to sell the residence. The bankruptcy court denied the motion without prejudice so Trustee could obtain certain additional information.
Trustee had taken immediate possession of the vehicle. On June 3, 1992, he gave notice to Debtor and all interested parties of his intention to sell the vehicle. The sale was completed on June 20, 1992, three days before the conclusion of the creditors’ meeting. On July 15, 1992, Trustee paid Debtor the statutory exemption amount of $1,200 for the vehicle. Trustee stated that Debtor accepted the payment without protest.
Although there is no written objection by Debtor in the record on appeal, Debtor’s declaration in response to the subsequent turnover motion stated that she objected to Trustee regarding the sale of both the car and the residence, and was “confused” by the transactions.
On July 15, 1992, Trustee filed a Trustee’s Report in Asset Case. On or about that same date, Trustee sent a Notice of Asset Case to all parties.
Trustee renewed his application to employ a real estate broker to sell the residence on October 9, 1992, and his motion was granted by order of October 13,1992. Trustee, in his opening brief, explained the delay in bringing the renewed motion as follows:
Taking into account the current market appraisal, the costs of sale, the then-valid $100,000.00 statutory exemption, and the appellate court’s recent decisions holding the trustee responsible for all tax consequences which might result from the sale of the real property, the trustee decided not to attempt to market the property at that time, since there appeared to be questionable value to the estate.
(Emphasis added).
On December 1, 1992, Trustee filed a motion for sale of the residence, free and clear. Canino’s daughter intervened, and the court set an adversary proceeding. Canino’s daughter did not object to the sale, but demanded Canino’s half of the proceeds for his joint interest in the property. The bankruptcy court granted Trustee’s motion and the residence was sold for $145,000, per the bankruptcy court’s order of January 8, 1993. The court also ordered Trustee to hold the balance of proceeds in a blocked account, after payment of taxes, fees and sale costs.
Following a trial on the complaint in August of 1993, the bankruptcy court awarded Canino’s conservator one-half of the net sale proceeds, representing his joint ownership interest.
The balance of proceeds from the sale of the car and the residence was approximately $62,000. The total amount of unpaid claims and administrative expenses was approximately $12,800.
Motion for Turnover
On or about May 9, 1994, Trustee filed a motion for turnover of the funds in the account to the estate, and he sought the court’s determination of the amount, if any, of exempt proceeds still available to Debtor. Trustee argued that Debtor had already received her statutory exemption for the vehicle, and that she was entitled to no more than $50,000 for her statutory exemption in the residence.
Debtor objected to the motion in her response of June 7, 1994. Debtor filed her declaration in opposition, stating that it was her understanding that the residence and ear were exempt assets. She stated that she was then living with relatives in Texas and needed the money to reinvest in property there. She argued that Trustee had failed to timely object to the exemptions; therefore, she was entitled to all amounts claimed. She also demanded the immediate release of at least the $50,000 statutory exemption.
A hearing was held on the motion on July 13, 1994. At the time of the hearing, pursuant to a stipulation, Trustee had disbursed $50,000 to Debtor, as the amount of her statutory homestead exemption. Therefore, the remaining dispute concerned the disposition of the balance which was approximately $12,000.
The bankruptcy court made oral findings of fact and conclusions of law, and it granted Trustee’s motion in its minute entry order of July 20, 1994. The bankruptcy court did not make a finding regarding Debtor’s good faith or lack thereof in preparing or in not amending the bankruptcy schedules. The bankruptcy court concluded that under the “particular constellation of events” in this case, Trustee’s actions during the period available for objections to exemptions constituted an informal objection under Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003(b). Therefore, the bankruptcy court held that the estate was entitled to the balance of proceeds over and above Debtor’s statutory exemptions of $1,200 for the car and $50,000 for the homestead.
ISSUES
I. Whether the bankruptcy court erred by concluding that Trustee’s activities in relation to the sale and distribution of the assets claimed by Debtor as exempt constituted an informal objection under Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003(b).
II. Whether the bankruptcy court’s broad equitable powers under 11 U.S.C. 105(a) enabled it to fashion a remedy that would limit a claimed exemption to the statutory exemption amount.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
A question of statutory interpretation is reviewed de novo, In re Orvco, Inc., 95 B.R. 724, 726 (9th Cir. BAP 1989), as is the scope of an exemption. In re Pikush, 157 B.R. 155, 156 (9th Cir. BAP 1993), aff'd, 27 F.3d 386 (9th Cir.1994). Mixed questions of fact and law are reviewed de novo. Boone v. United States, 944 F.2d 1489, 1492 (9th Cir.1991). Such a question arises when the historical facts are established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the legal rule. Pullman-Standard v. Swint, 456 U.S. 273, 289 n. 19, 102 S.Ct. 1781, 1791 n. 19, 72 L.Ed.2d 66 (1982); Moss v. Comm’r, 831 F.2d 833, 838 n. 9 (9th Cir.1987). The bankruptcy court’s determination that Trustee’s acts constituted an informal objection is a mixed question of fact and law.
The bankruptcy court has broad equitable powers and its equitable remedies are reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Stone v. City & County of San Francisco, 968 F.2d 850, 861 (9th Cir.1992), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 1050, 122 L.Ed.2d 358 (1993); In re Goldberg, 168 B.R. 382, 384 (9th Cir. BAP 1994).
DISCUSSION
Section 522 governs exemptions under the Bankruptcy Code. California has enacted legislation “opting out” of the federal exemption scheme, pursuant to § 522(b)(1). Cal.Civ.Proc.Code § 703.130 (West 1995). Subsequently, substantive issues regarding claimed exemptions are governed by California law. In re Moffat, 107 B.R. 255, 258 (Bankr.C.D.Cal.1989), aff'd, 119 B.R. 201 (9th Cir. BAP 1990), aff'd, 959 F.2d 740 (9th Cir.1992). California intended a liberal homestead statute so its citizens would not lose their homes through a technicality. In re Donaldson, 156 B.R. 51, 53 (Bankr.N.D.Cal.1993), aff'd, No. C93-3658-FMS, 1994 WL 6903 (N.D.Cal. Jan. 6, 1994). However, liberal construction in favor of the debt- or does not give a court license to rewrite the statutory language. In re Kahan, 28 F.3d 79, 83 (9th Cir.1994), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 1100, 130 L.Ed.2d 1067 (1995) (citing In re Anderson, 824 F.2d 754, 759 (9th Cir.1987)).
Section 522(i) states the procedure for claiming exemptions and objecting to claimed exemptions as follows:
The debtor shall file a list of property that the debtor claims as exempt under subsection (b) of this section. If the debt- or does not file such a list, a dependent of the debtor may file such a list, or may claim property as exempt from property of the estate on behalf of the debtor. Unless a party in interest objects, the property claimed as exempt on such list is exempt.
11 U.S.C. § 522(l).
Because of its terms, this provision has been referred to as “exemption by default” or “exemption by declaration.” See In re Mohring, 142 B.R. 389, 393-94 and n. 14 (Bankr.E.D.Cal.1992), aff'd, 153 B.R. 601 (9th Cir. BAP 1993), aff'd, 24 F.3d 247 (9th Cir.1994); In re Peterson, 920 F.2d 1389, 1393 (8th Cir.1990).
Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003 governs the objection process. Subsection (a) provides that the debtor shall list the property claimed as exempt under § 522 in his or her schedules. Subsection (b) of the rule provides that the trustee or any creditor may file objections to the claimed exemptions within 30 days after the conclusion of the meeting of creditors, or the filing of any amendment to the list, unless, within such period, further time is granted by the court. Subsection (c) places the burden of proof on the objecting party. It also provides for notice and hearing on the objections.
In this case, it is undisputed that Trustee did not make a formal objection to the listed exemptions within the 30-day period.
Trustee’s Timely “Informal” Objection
Debtor contends that this appeal is controlled by the United States Supreme Court ruling in Taylor v. Freeland & Kronz, 503 U.S. 638, 112 S.Ct. 1644, 118 L.Ed.2d 280 (1992). In Taylor, the debtor disclosed and claimed as exempt the proceeds of an employment discrimination judgment which was unliquidated at the time of the creditors’ meeting. The trustee was fully aware of both the claim and the fact that it was not exempt under any applicable law, but failed to object or to obtain an order enlarging the time to object within the prescribed 30 days. The judgment then became liquidated during the pendency of the bankruptcy case, and had a value exceeding $100,000. Only then did the trustee complain and seek to have the fund turned over to the estate. He argued that a literal reading of Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003 would result in bad policy for it would encourage debtors to claim unauthorized exemptions in bad faith, in the hope that objections would not be made though oversight or lack of concern.
The Supreme Court strictly construed § 522(i) and Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003 and held that if no objection is raised to a debtor’s list of exempt properties within the prescribed time limit, the claimed exemptions are rendered exempt and their validity cannot be contested whether or not there is a colorable statutory basis for claiming them. Taylor, 503 U.S. at 643-44, 112 S.Ct. at 1648. Taylor held that the code provisions must be read according to their plain meaning, even if that resulted in debtors exempting property in which they had no lawful claim. 503 U.S. at 643-44, 112 S.Ct. at 1648. “Deadlines may lead to unwelcome results, but they prompt parties to act and they produce finality,” the Court held. Id.
The instant case is factually dissimilar to Taylor. While the potential proceeds in Taylor were unknown, here, Trustee knew that the claimed exemption exceeded the statutory limits.
In Taylor, the trustee did nothing. The Supreme Court stated that he “could have sought a hearing on the issue ... or he could have asked the Bankruptcy Court for an extension of time to object.” Id. The bankruptcy court found that Trustee in this case did something. He took some actions inconsistent with Debtor’s listed exemptions during the 30-day period provided by Fed. R.Bankr.P. 4003: 1) he took possession of the car, noticed it for sale and sold it; 2) he applied for employment of a real estate broker to sell the residence; 3) he filed a Trustee’s Report of Assets; and 4) he sent out a Notice of Asset Case.
Nevertheless, we do not agree that the actions by Trustee rose to the level of an objection under Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003, for three reasons: 1) Trustee was only performing his duties and assumed the risk of violating Debtor’s claimed exemption; 2) Fed. R.Bankr.P. 4003 does not provide for informal objections; and 3) Taylor stands for the proposition that the bankruptcy court may not generally use equitable considerations to allow untimely objections.
A trustee has an affirmative duty to collect and reduce to money the property of the estate and to close the estate as expeditiously as is compatible with the best interest of parties in interest. See § 704(1); In re Riverside-Linden Inv. Co., 85 B.R. 107, 111 (Bankr.S.D.Cal.1988), aff'd, 99 B.R. 439 (9th Cir. BAP 1989), aff'd, 925 F.2d 320 (9th Cir.1991). In this case, Trustee proceeded with his duties expeditiously, by selling the vehicle and taking steps to sell the residence in the 30 days following the creditors’ meeting. Trustee acted on the assumption that Debtors were entitled to the statutory exemption limit of $1,200 for the car and the $100,000 statutory homestead exemption. When Canino was dismissed from the bankruptcy, it was too late to object to the $100,-000 exemption; therefore, Trustee agreed in these proceedings that Debtor was entitled to $50,000, either as her individual exemption or as her proportionate interest in the homestead exemption. Trustee also sent a Notice of Asset Case to all creditors and parties in interest.
Wfiiile these actions show that Trustee believed there were assets over and above the statutory exemption limits, they do not amount to an objection as to the exemptions claimed because they were simply Trustee’s duties according to his erroneous assumption that Debtors’ claimed exemptions were not valid. If he believed the claimed exemptions were not valid, it was his duty to object to the claimed exemptions, which he did not do.
The bankruptcy court concluded that Trustee’s actions constituted an informal objection under Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003, and analogized such an objection to an informal proof of claim. It is well-established that liberal amendment policy has created a validation of informal proofs of claim under Fed. R.Bankr.P. 3001(a). See In re Anderson-Walker Indus., Inc., 798 F.2d 1285, 1287-88 (9th Cir.1986). Fed.R.Bankr.P. 3001 provides that a proof of claim shall be a “written statement ... [which] shall conform substantially to the Official Form” Fed.R.Bankr.P. 3001(a). Nevertheless, the Ninth Circuit has held that “even though no document is filed with the bankruptcy court, an informal proof of claim may arise out of demands against the estate or out of correspondence between a creditor and the trustee or debtor-in-possession which demonstrate an intent on the part of the creditor to assert a claim against the bankruptcy estate.” In re Town & Country Home Nursing Services, Inc., 963 F.2d 1146, 1153 (9th Cir.1991). An informal proof of claim must be an “explicit demand showing the nature and amount of the claim against the estate, and evidence an intent to hold the debtor liable.” In re Franciscan Vineyards, Inc., 597 F.2d 181, 182 (9th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 915, 100 S.Ct. 1274, 63 L.Ed.2d 598 (1980). Furthermore, it must not prejudice the opposing party. In re Sambo’s Restaurants, Inc., 754 F.2d 811, 816 (9th Cir.1985).
In contrast, Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003 does not prescribe the form for an objection to an exemption. It does not allude to an official form or specific writing, which could generate errors that amount to technicalities, leading to a need to promote liberal amendment. Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003(b) states that the trustee or any creditor “may file objections to the list of property.” Since the rule does not provide for a formal objection, it is illogical that there could be an informal objection under its provisions. In other words, there is either an objection or no objection. However, one lesson to be learned from an analogy to the informal proof of claim is that the objection must be explicit and not prejudicial to the debtor.
Trustee’s actions in this case did not constitute an explicit objection to Debtor’s claimed exemptions. In any case, as to the residence, the pertinent actions were taken after the time to object had passed. Debtor stated that Trustee’s actions were “confusing” because she thought she was entitled to retain possession of the assets. Compare, In re Brawn, 138 B.R. 327, 333 (Bankr.D.Me.1992) (judgment creditors communicated that debtor was not entitled to claimed exemption in their response to motion to avoid judicial lien). Unfortunately, it appears that to condone de facto objections under Fed. R.Bankr.P. 4003, would mean that trustees and creditors everywhere will be improperly seizing assets. See In re Riso, 170 B.R. 484 (Bankr.D.N.H.1994) (court declined to rule on whether trustee’s seizure of debtors’ IRA account was the equivalent of an objection). Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003 also provides for notice and hearing on the objection. The panel has grave misgivings that Trustee’s actions, if accepted as an informal objection, would violate Debtor’s due process rights or, at the least, be prejudicial to Debtor.
Section 105(a)
Section 105(a) gives the bankruptcy court broad equitable powers:
(a) The court may issue any order, process, or judgment that is necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of this title. No provision of this title providing for the raising of an issue by a party in interest shall be construed to preclude the court from, sua sponte, taking any action or making any determination necessary or appropriate to enforce or implement court orders or rules or to prevent an abuse of process.
11 U.S.C. 105(a).
The bankruptcy court “has the inherent power to correct mistakes and errors in order to prevent manifest injustice.” In re Replogle, 70 B.R. 444, 446 (Bankr.D.Mont.1987). However, a court may exercise its equitable power only as a means to fulfill some specific code provision; it may not use its equitable power to achieve a result not contemplated by the code. Norwest Bank Worthington v. Ahlers, 485 U.S. 197, 206, 108 S.Ct. 963, 968, 99 L.Ed.2d 169 (1988).
a) creation of informal objection
Trustee contends, without citing any authority, that the bankruptcy court may create an informal objection as an equitable remedy. The Supreme Court in Taylor recognized the potential for abuse under § 522(i):
Taylor suggests that our holding will create improper incentives. He asserts that it will lead debtors to claim property exempt on the chance that the trustee and creditors, for whatever reason, will fail to object to the claimed exemption on time. He asserts that only a requirement of good faith can prevent what the Eighth Circuit has termed “exemption by declaration.” This concern, however, does not cause us to alter our interpretation of § 522®.
503 U.S. at 644, 112 S.Ct. at 1648 (internal citation omitted).
Taylor did not consider § 105(a). However, the problem with Trustee’s argument is that “equitable considerations no longer seem to have a place in a Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003(b) analysis after Taylor” even in situations where the debtors did not have a valid exemption under state law. Stoulig v. Traina, 169 B.R. 597, 599 (E.D.La.1994), aff'd, 45 F.3d 957 (5th Cir.1995) See also: In re Knox, 169 B.R. 62, 63 (Bankr.D.Neb.1994) (trustee knew that proceeds claimed as exempt were not on hand at time of filing bankruptcy but failed to object); In re Pugh, 167 B.R. 251, 253-54 (Bankr.M.D.Fla.1994) (debtors’ right to settlement proceeds was conclusively determined based on Taylor); In re Cunningham, 163 B.R. 593, 596 (Bankr.W.D.Wash.1994) (by claiming property as exempt, debtor was able to prevent distribution of sale proceeds within the context of the bankruptcy ease); In re Streeper, 158 B.R. 783, 785-86 (Bankr.N.D.Iowa 1993) (homestead is deemed exempt under § 522(i) if timely objection is not made); Mohring, 142 B.R. at 393 (property exempt by default under § 522(() is exempt regardless of whether the exemption is valid).
The gist of these cases is that the objecting party must meet its burden under the requirements of § 522(i) and Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003 without any equitable help from the court. Some Ninth Circuit cases have made inroads on Taylor. For example, where a claimed exemption is ambiguous, it will be resolved against the debtor. See In re Kahan, 28 F.3d 79 (9th Cir.1994), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 1100, 130 L.Ed.2d 1067 (1995); In re Hyman, 967 F.2d 1316 (9th Cir.1992). Yet, these decisions have also suggested that the uncontested, unambiguous listed exemption stands, even if it is only for the statutorily correct amount and debtors later improperly seek to increase it.
We hold that to the extent the bankruptcy court used its powers under § 105(a) to carve out an “informal” or defacto exception to the plain requirements of § 522(l) and Fed. R.Bankr.P. 4003, it abused its discretion. See Taylor, 503 U.S. at 645-46, 112 S.Ct. at 1649 (the bankruptcy court has no authority to limit the application of § 522(1) to exemptions claimed in good faith); In re Shoreline Concrete Co., Inc., 831 F.2d 903, 905 (9th Cir.1987) (a fundamental principle of equity jurisprudence is that equity follows the law); see also In re Tucson Yellow Cab Co., Inc., 789 F.2d 701, 704 (9th Cir.1986).
Trustee also contends on appeal that the bankruptcy court exercised its equitable powers under § 105(a) to achieve a result consistent with the policy that debtors should not be encouraged to seek in bad faith more than that which the statutes allow. Trustee also alleges in his opening brief that Debtor knowingly abused the bankruptcy process by joining Canino to the bankruptcy petition when she knew or should have known that she did not complete the conservatorship requirements to be conservator of his estate; that she knew or should have known that Canino was not competent to sign the bankruptcy petition; and that she knew or should have known that Canino had not lived in the residence for over one year prior to the filing of the bankruptcy petition.
In other words, Trustee is raising an issue as to Debtor’s good faith or lack thereof in claiming the exemptions. This argument is similar to the issue raised by the trustee in Taylor concerning the bankruptcy court’s power under § 105(a) to disallow exemptions not claimed in good faith. The Supreme Court declined to rule on that issue because it had been raised for the first time in the trustee’s opening brief. 503 U.S. at 645-46, 112 S.Ct. at 1649. Likewise, this factual issue has been improperly raised for the first time on appeal because it was not raised nor resolved in bankruptcy court. In re Professional Inv. Properties of America, 955 F.2d 623, 625 (9th Cir.), cert. denied sub nom. Miller v. Briggs, — U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 63, 121 L.Ed.2d 31 (1992). Furthermore, the bankruptcy court did not make findings as to Debtor’s lack of good faith when it issued its order dismissing Canino from the bankruptcy case, since the facts of the case were intermingled with the conservatorship proceedings.
b) application of equitable estoppel
The panel may affirm the bankruptcy court on any grounds supported by the record. In re Frontier Properties, Inc., 979 F.2d 1358, 1364 (9th Cir.1992); In re Bradford, 112 B.R. 347, 353 (9th Cir. BAP 1990). In addition, we may consider a legal issue not raised on appeal where the matter is one of law and further development of the factual record is not necessary. Bolker v. Comm’r, 760 F.2d 1039, 1042 (9th Cir.1985). Whether a filing period is subject to equitable estoppel is a matter of law, reviewed de novo. In re Santos, 112 B.R. 1001, 1004 (9th Cir. BAP 1990).
Estoppel is an equitable doctrine, and, generally, a failure to comply with bankruptcy rules may be excused by equitable doctrines. Id. Equitable estoppel provides that “he who by his language or conduct leads another to do what he would not otherwise have done, shall not subject such person to loss or injury by disappointing the expectations upon which he acted.” Farmer Bros. Co. v. Huddle Enter., Inc., 366 F.2d 143, 148 (9th Cir.1966) (quoting Dickerson v. Colgrove, 100 U.S. 578, 580, 25 L.Ed. 618 (1879)).
The facts of this case show that equitable estoppel applies to Debtor’s objection to the order as it pertains to the vehicle exemption. Trustee took possession of the vehicle. Within the 30 day objection period, he filed a notice of sale and sent the notice to Debtor and all interested parties. Debtor did not object, but her failure to object at that point did not excuse Trustee’s obligation to make formal objection. See In re Stone, 6 F.3d 581, 585 (9th Cir.1993) (IRS had no duty to object at any proceeding prior to distribution of sale proceeds). Trustee sold the vehicle on June 20,1992, and paid Debtor the amount allowed under the California statute on July 15, 1992. He paid her $1,200 although she claimed $7,500. According to the record, Debtor made no objection to the $1,200 distribution. It was after that point that Debtor was equitably estopped from objecting to the amount she received as her exemption for the vehicle.
As noted above, on July 15, 1992, Debtor accepted without objection Trustee’s payment to her of the $1,200 amount allowed as an exemption under California law. That occurred eight days prior to the expiration of the time for Trustee to object to the claims of exemption. Obviously, at that point, there was no apparent reason for Trustee to object to the vehicle exemption. Debtor should not be able to complain two years after the fact that she did not receive the proper amount.
Debtor’s objection to the proposed homestead exemption distribution, on the other hand, was timely made in response to Trustee’s motion for turnover. The sale proceeds were held in a blocked account pending the bankruptcy court’s order. In her response, Debtor demanded the immediate release of at least the statutory exemption amount, or $50,000, but also asserted her right to the remaining funds based on her claimed exemption. Thus, her objection was preserved despite Trustee’s subsequent distribution by stipulation of $50,000 to Debtor following Debtor’s response to the motion but prior to the hearing on the motion.
CONCLUSION
Debtor’s claimed exemption values as to her vehicle and residence were unambiguous and obviously exceeded the statutorily allowed amounts. Trustee failed to object to the claimed exemptions in the time provided in Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003. Trustee’s actions during the objection period, including selling the car, noticing an asset case, and applying for employment of a real estate broker to sell the residence, did not constitute an informal or de facto objection under Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003. These actions constituted Trustee’s affirmative duties, based on his erroneous assumption that the exemptions would not exceed the statutory amounts. They were not explicitly objections to her claimed exemptions and were prejudicial to Debtor by failing to give proper notice and hearing as provided in Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003. The bankruptcy court’s broad equitable power does not enable it to carve out an exception to Taylor’s strict construction of § 522(1) and Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003, under the facts of this case. Regarding the vehicle, however, Debt- or is equitably estopped from receiving more than the statutory exemption because she accepted the $1,200 exemption distribution without formal protest prior to the expiration of the time for Trustee to object. Regarding the residence, the value claimed as exempt was exempt by default, pursuant to § 522(1). The bankruptcy court’s order is AFFIRMED as to the vehicle exemption, and REVERSED as to the homestead exemption.
. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to "chapter" or "section” are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1330. All references to "rule” are to the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure ("Fed.R.Bankr.P.”), Rules 1001-9036.
. Sections 704.910-704.995 of the California Civil Procedure Code provide for a “declared homestead” under Article 5, as opposed to an automatic exemption under Article 4. Under California law, a debtor or the debtor's spouse must reside in the dwelling when the bankruptcy petition is filed in order to be entitled to the homestead exemption. In re Dodge, 138 B.R. 602, 606 (Bankr.E.D.Cal.1992); Cal.Civ.Proc.Code §§ 704.920, 704.930(a)(3) (West 1995).
. The Ninth Circuit has clarified that the 30-day period begins to run on the day when a continued Creditor's Meeting is finally concluded. In re Bernard, 40 F.3d 1028, 1031 (9th Cir.1994), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 1695, 131 L.Ed.2d 559 (1995).
. This amount is either from Cal.Civ.Proc.Code § 704.730(a)(1), which entitles an individual debtor to $50,000, or § 704.730(a)(3) and (b), which allow a joint owner spouse the proportionate share of $100,000.
. Taylor was decided on April 21, 1992, six days after the bankruptcy filing but prior to the expiration of the objection period under Fed. R.Bankr.P. 4003. Trustee argued that it could not be applied retroactively. The bankruptcy court rejected this argument, and we agree. See In re Pugh, 167 B.R. 251, 253 (Bankr.M.D.Fla.1994) (debtor’s right to claim settlement proceeds conclusively determined based on Taylor because decision was handed down prior to expiration of time for filing objections). Furthermore, Taylor followed a line of Supreme Court cases dealing with the methodology for interpretation of the Bankruptcy Code according to its "plain meaning.” The Taylor ruling did not change the statute, but applied a known statutory construction to the code provisions. See also, Toibb v. Radloff, 501 U.S. 157, 111 S.Ct. 2197, 115 L.Ed.2d 145 (1991); Union Bank v. Wolas, 502 U.S. 151, 112 S.Ct. 527, 116 L.Ed.2d 514 (1991); Kelly v. Robinson, 479 U.S. 36, 107 S.Ct. 353, 93 L.Ed.2d 216 (1986); Midlantic Nat. Bank v. New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection, 474 U.S. 494, 106 S.Ct. 755, 88 L.Ed.2d 859 (1986); Watt v. Alaska, 451 U.S. 259, 101 S.Ct. 1673, 68 L.Ed.2d 80 (1981).
. Prior to Taylor, there was a series of “exemption by declaration” cases which held that the proper analysis of cases where debtors have claimed exemptions in excess of the amounts allowable under the law was either to examine fully the merits of the claimed exemption, or to determine whether the debtor had a good-faith statutory basis for the claimed exemption. See In re Riso, 170 B.R. 484, 488 (Bankr.D.N.H.1994) (applying good-faith approach to exemptions claimed in 1984); see also In re Peterson, 920 F.2d 1389, 1393-94 (8th Cir.1990); In re Dembs, 757 F.2d 777, 780 (6th Cir.1985); In re Sherk, 918 F.2d 1170, 1174 (5th Cir.1990).
. Other remedies may be applicable, such as sanctions under Fed.R-Bankr.P. 9011, criminal penalties for fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 152, or denial of discharge for fraudulent claims; or if all else fails, Congress can amend the statute.
.Trustee argued below that In re Hyman, 123 B.R. 342 (9th Cir. BAP 1991), aff'd, 967 F.2d 1316 (9th Cir.1992), controls this case and would allow an untimely objection. The bankruptcy court prudently disagreed.
In Hyman, the debtors listed the statutorily correct exemption amount of $45,000 under an exemption for their "homestead." The trustee did not object and instead applied to employ a real estate broker to sell the home. Surprised by the trustee's actions, debtors filed for declaratory judgment that their listed exemption as “homestead” meant they were claiming the entire value of their home. The bankruptcy court granted the trustee’s motion for summary judgment holding, in effect, that he was not precluded from objecting to the exemption claim after the time fixed by Fed.R.Bankr.P. 4003.
On appeal, the Bankruptcy. Appellate Panel determined that this was a case involving a dispute as to value, and that objections to the existence of an exemption differ from objections to the valuation of property; the latter can be made in due time. In re Hyman, 123 B.R. at 348. The BAP also decided that there was no reason for the trustee to object to the claimed exemption because it was a valid homestead exemption according to state law, and he was entitled to sell the properly on the basis of that claimed exemption. Id.
The Ninth Circuit affirmed, and held that ambiguous exemption claims will be construed against the debtors; thus, the trustee had no basis for objecting to the $45,000 listed exemption which debtors later tried to expand. In re Hyman, 967 F.2d at 1319 and n. 6.
In contrast, in this case, the claimed exemption was obviously in excess of the exemptions provided under California law. It was "tantamount to waiving [sic] a red flag, as if to say, ‘It may be worth more than the law allows, but I'm claiming it anyway.' " Mercer v. Monzack, 170 B.R. 759, 762 (D.R.I.1994), aff'd, 53 F.3d 1 (1st Cir.1995) (quoting In re Shoemaker, 155 B.R. 552, 555 (Bankr.N.D.Ala.1992).
| CASELAW |
[UNMAINTAINED] php template engine
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Dwoo
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Dwoo is a PHP5/PHP7 Template Engine that was started in early 2008. The idea came from the fact that Smarty, a well known template engine, is getting older and older. It carries the weight of it's age, having old features that are inconsistent compared to newer ones, being written for PHP4 its Object Oriented aspect doesn't take advantage of PHP5's more advanced features in the area, etc. Hence Dwoo was born, hoping to provide a more up to date and stronger engine.
So far it has proven to be faster than Smarty in many areas, and it provides a compatibility layer to allow developers that have been using Smarty for years to switch their application over to Dwoo progressively.
Dwoo 1.3.x is compatible from PHP 5.3.x to PHP 7.x
Documentation
Dwoo's website to get the latest version is at http://dwoo.org/
The wiki/documentation pages are available at http://dwoo.org/documentation/
Requirements
License
Dwoo is released under the GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE V3 license.
Quick start - Running Dwoo
Basic Example
<?php
// Include Composer autoloader
require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
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$tpl = new Dwoo\Template\File('path/to/index.tpl');
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$data = new Dwoo\Data();
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echo $dwoo->get($tpl, $data);
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$tpl = new Dwoo\Template\File('path/to/article.tpl');
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} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Friday’s Vital Data: Microsoft, General Electric and eBay
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U.S. stock futures are divided this morning. Wall Street is torn between cheering positive corporate earnings results and taking shelter from growing trade fears.
In earnings, General Electric (NYSE: GE ) and Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT ) both posted solid quarterly results. However, President Donald Trump is preparing to put more than $500 billion in tariffs on Chinese goods imported to the U.S. The comments followed on the heels of Trump's threat of "tremendous retribution" against the EU.
Against this backdrop, futures on the Dow Jones Industrial Average are down 0.41% and S&P 500 futures have fallen 0.21%. Meanwhile, Nasdaq-100 futures have risen 0.09% on post-earnings strength in MSFT stock.
In options activity, volume continued to climb on Thursday, bringing activity to above normal for the session. Overall, about 19.2 million calls and 15.4 million puts changed hands yesterday. Despite the ramped up call volume, activity on the CBOE saw the single-session equity put/call volume ratio rise to 0.62. The 10-day moving average held at 0.61.
Options traders were once again focused on corporate earnings. Microsoft and General Electric saw heavy call option speculation ahead of their respective quarterly reports. Meanwhile, eBay (NASDAQ: EBAY ) was punished for light revenue and weak guidance.
20 Russian Stocks to Watch After Trump's Helsinki Gaffe
Let's take a closer look:
Microsoft (MSFT)
Microsoft once again provided investors with a stellar quarterly earnings report last night. For the fourth-quarter, Microsoft said it earned $1.13 per share, blowing past estimates for $1.08 a share. Revenue rose to $30.09 billion also topping expectations for $29.21 billion.
But the cloud services was the real winner. Microsoft's flagship Azure cloud service saw sales skyrocket 93%. Total cloud services revenue came in at $23 billion, with margins expanding 57%.
Options traders were preparing for positive results yesterday. Volume for MSFT stock rose to 420,000 contracts, with calls claiming 63% of the day's take. Looking out to August, MSFT options traders are looking for an extended run higher from MSFT. Currently the August put/call open interest ratio comes in at 0.59, with calls on the verge of doubling puts in this soon-to-be front-month series.
General Electric (GE)
General Electric told investors almost exactly what they needed to hear this morning. "We are progressing on our plans to make GE simpler and stronger," said Chief Executive John Flannery . The remarks came as General Electric posted better-than-expected second-quarter results.
By the numbers, GE said it earned 19 cents per share, besting the consensus by a penny. Revenue rose 3% to $30.1 billion, also above the consensus view for $29.4 billion.
GE options traders were ready. Volume rose to 312,000 contracts, with calls gobbling up 64% of the day's take. Most of this bullish activity took place in the front-month July series, which expires at the close today.
Looking at August, we are reminded that there is still considerable bearish sentiment left to thaw on GE stock. Specifically, the August put/call OI ratio comes in at 1.05, with puts easily outnumbering calls for the series. If GE can sustain its post-earnings rally, we could see a drawdown in negativity heading into August expiration.
eBay (EBAY)
eBay stock plunged more than 10% yesterday following earnings. The reaction seems a bit overboard given the company's quarterly results. Diving in, eBay beat per share expectations and hit the lower end of its revenue guidance at $2.64 billion. eBay also lowered its full year outlook to $10.75 billion to $10.85 billion, from its previous range of $10.9 billion to $11.1 billion, and lifted its full year earnings expectations.
Don't Wait Any Longer to Buy MSFT Stock
It was quite a mixed bag, but hardly worth a 10% haircut for the stock. EBAY options traders were just as divided on the shares. Volume came in at 168,000 contracts, with calls snatching up 54% of the day's take.
That said, it appears that EBAY options traders are looking for a rebound in August. The August put/call OI ratio currently rests at 0.67, and has trended lower for the past couple of weeks. With EBAY stock now trading oversold near support at $34, a rally heading into August expiration seems likely.
As of this writing, Joseph Hargett did not hold a position in any of the aforementioned securities.
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The post Friday's Vital Data: Microsoft, General Electric and eBay appeared first on InvestorPlace .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Travis Knight on the 'magic' of animation
(CNN)An animator and director, Travis Knight may have made his directorial feature-film debut with 2016's "Kubo and the Two Strings," but this "Creator" has been in the business of imagination for a long time. How it started: As a kid living in a farm town outside of Portland, Oregon -- "the armpit of the Pacific Northwest," he joked -- Knight never knew anyone who was a professional artist. But he always knew he had a particular love for animation and stop motion. He remembers being enchanted by the old Rankin/Bass holiday specials (like "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer") and captivated by the work of visual effects legend, Ray Harryhausen, who worked on "The 7th Voyage of Sinbad" and "Jason and the Argonauts." His local independent TV station would air matinees that he was "glued" to every weekend. "I loved them," he said. "I thought they were so cool." Legacy of trailblazing: "I think the Knight boys have a long history of disappointing their fathers. My grandfather, my dad's dad, he was a lawyer. He was a state legislator. He was the publisher of Oregon's second largest newspaper. He was a pretty amazing guy. When his son told him that he wanted to make fancy little running shoes for a living [Knight's father, Phil Knight, is the co-founder of Nike], it broke his heart. It devastated him. He couldn't believe that his son was throwing his life away. Then you fast forward 30 years, and I tell my old man that I have a deep and abiding passion for playing with dolls for a living, you can see, 'Oh, okay. The acorn doesn't fall far from the oak." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Steve Jobs pre-Apple job application fetches $174,000 at auction
LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - A one-page job application filled out by Steve Jobs more than four decades ago that reflected the Apple founder’s technology aspirations sold for $174,000 at a U.S. auction, more than three times its presale estimate. An Internet entrepreneur from England was the winning bidder, Boston-based auction house RR Auction said on Friday, but the buyer wished to remain anonymous. The application dated 1973, complete with spelling and punctuation errors, had been expected to fetch about $50,000. The sale price reached on Thursday was $174,757, the auction house said. The form lists his name as “Steven jobs” and address as “reed college,” the Portland, Oregon, college he attended briefly. Next to “Phone:” he wrote “none.” Under a section titled “Special Abilities,” Jobs wrote “tech or design engineer. digital.—from Bay near Hewitt-Packard,” a reference to pioneering California technology company Hewlett-Packard and the San Francisco Bay area. The document does not state what position or company the application was intended for. Jobs and friend Steve Wozniak founded Apple about three years later. RR Auction said the high price reflected the continuing influence of Jobs, who died of cancer in 2011 at the age of 56. “There are many collectors who have earned disposable income over the last few decades using Apple technology, and we expect similarly strong results on related material in the future,” Bobby Livingston, executive vice president at RR Auction, said in a statement. Other highlights from the online auction included an Apple Mac OS X technical manual signed by Jobs in 2001 that sold for $41,806 and a rare signed newspaper clipping from 2008 featuring an image of Jobs speaking at the Apple Developers Conference that sold for $26,950. Reporting by Jill Serjeant; editing by Jonathan Oatis | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:MakhanHumanrights
Human Rights
A right is not what Someone gives you It's What No One Can Take From you !! | WIKI |
30 June 2000 High-contrast SXGA silicon light valves for high-definition video projectors
Author Affiliations +
Abstract
We have developed a highly integrated liquid-crystal-on- silicon light valve for three-panel color projector. The silicon panel was designed and fabricated by a 0.35 micrometers , 3-metal and dual-voltage CMOS process with a spatial resolution of 1280 X 1024 pixels. The pixel pitch was 12 micrometers , the fill factor was 90% and the display area was 0.77' in diagonal. Eight-bit digital data drivers and gamma- correction circuitry were integrated into the silicon panel for true gray scale and full color representation. The display panel was assembled with a mixed twisted nematic and birefringence liquid crystal cell for high contrast at CMOS compatible voltage. Contrast ratio was typically 200:1 at 5.5 Vrms. In addition, silicon surface layers, liquid crystal materials, pixel structures and driving schemes were carefully optimized for the minimization of visual flicker. Flicker ratio of less than 3% was achieved at 60 Hz frame rate. The optical sub-system utilized a trichroic prism assembly for both color separation and recombination. With this trichroic prism assembly incorporating three silicon light valves, a compact and high-contrast SXGA video projector was demonstrated.
© (2000) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ho-Chi Huang, Ho-Chi Huang, Po-Wing Cheng, Po-Wing Cheng, HoiSing Kwok, HoiSing Kwok, } "High-contrast SXGA silicon light valves for high-definition video projectors", Proc. SPIE 4079, Display Technologies III, (30 June 2000); doi: 10.1117/12.389400; https://doi.org/10.1117/12.389400
PROCEEDINGS
10 PAGES
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Princess Bongnyeong
Princess Bongnyeong, better known as Lady Wang, the Grand Consort was a Goryeo royal family member as the great-granddaughter of King Chungnyeol who became the wife of Prince Jeongwon and mother of King Gongyang.
Palace life
After King Chang's deposition in 1389, her second son, Wang Yo, Prince Jeongchang was chosen to succeed the throne under Yi Seong-gye's powerful clan and then, she was honoured as Princess Bongnyeong. In 1390, a government office was established for her with the name of "Sungnyeong-bu", then lived in "Jeongmyeong Hall" while received her honorary title as Grand Consort of the Three Han State.
It was said that King Gongyang more respected to his biological mother than his adopted mother, Consort Dowager An if seeing that the King didn't greet An, but just greet her, his biological mother, which made the servants suggested that he must also send greetings to An. In 1391, a large amnesty was granted on her birthday while Yi Sung-in, Ha Ryun and Gwon Geun were pardoned to live freely outside the capital city of Namgyeong. They then went back to Gaegyeong after stayed for some time in "Namgyeong" (now in Seoul).
Then, some Posthumous titles were placed on the three-generation ancestors of her, An and Gongyang's wife, Lady No. According to an appeal filed by Yi Cheom, Wang was said to still in good health and free from disease.
Later life
Since 1392 after her grandson, Crown Prince Wang Seok returned to Goryeo, there was no record left about her existence anymore. According to King Gongyang's age who now was already 48 years old, so it was presumed that if she was still alive, then her age will be older than 60.
Family
* Father: Wang Hun, Great Prince Yeondeok
* Grandfather: Wang Ja, Duke Gangyang (강양공 왕자, 江陽公 王滋; d. 1308)
* Great-grandfather: Wang Geo, King Chungnyeol (충렬왕 왕거, 忠烈王 王昛; 1236–1308)
* Great-grandmother: Princess Jeonghwa (정화궁주, 貞和宮主; d. 1319)
* Mother: Lady Jo, Consort Anui | WIKI |
SIMPLE SOLUTIONS
BDD(1) - Linux man page online | User commands
Mutli Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams.
Chapter
October 1, 1997
BDD101(1) ALLIANCE BDD LIBRARY BDD101(1)
NAME
bdd - Mutli Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams
DESCRIPTION
bdd is a library that enables to represent a boolean expression as a Multi Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams. viewbddallocinfo - displays memory informations. applybddnodenot - complements a bdd. applybddnodeterm - applies an operator on two bdd nodes. applybddnode - applies an operator on two bdd nodes. applybddnodeite - computes the IF-THEN-ELSE logical operation. applybddnodelist - applies an opertor to a bdd nodes list. addbddassoc - creates a new association variables. addbddnodeassoc - adds a bdd node in a variable association. delbddassoc - deletes a variable association. delbddnodeassoc - deletes a bdd node in a variable association. destroybddassoc - frees all the variable associations. viewbddassoc - displays variable associations. checkbddvar - checks the coherence of a variable. checkbddindex - checks the coherence of a bdd index. checkbddoper - ckecks the coherence of an operator. checkbddassoc - checks a variable association. checkbddmaxnode - checks if the max node reached. createbddcircuit - creates a bdd circuit. resetbddcircuit - resets a bdd circuit. destroybddcircuit - frees a bdd circuit. searchbddcircuitin - searches a specified input in a circuit. addbddcircuitin - adds a new input in a circuit. addbddcircuitaux - adds an auxialiary variable in a circuit. searchbddcircuitout - searches a specified output in a circuit. addbddcircuitout - adds a new output in a circuit. delbddcircuitout - deletes a specified output in a circuit. addbddcircuitabl - converts an abl to a bdd node. convertbddcircuitabl - converts a bdd node to an abl. convertbddcircuitsumabl - converts a bdd node to an abl. viewbddcircuit - displays a bdd circuit. cofactorbddnode - computes the generalized cofactor. restrictbddnode - substitutes a variable by zero or one. composebddnode - substitutes a variable by a bdd node. convertbddindexabl - converts a bdd index to an atomic abl. convertbddmuxabl - converts a bdd node to a multiplexor. convertbddnodeabl - converts a bdd node to an abl. convertbddnodesumabl - converts a bdd node to an abl. existbddnodeassocon - computes an existantial quantification. existbddnodeassocoff - computes an existantial quantification. garbagebddsystem - forces a bdd garbage collection. implybddnode - computes a bdd that implies a conjonction. intersectbddnode - tests for an intersection. markbddnode - marks a bdd node. unmarkbddnode - clears a marked bdd node. getbddnodenum - gets the number of nodes in a bdd. getbddnodesize - gets the number of nodes in a bdd. addbddnode - adds a new bdd node. addbddnodelist - adds a node in a chain_list. delbddnode - deletes a bdd node. delbddnodelist - deletes a list of bdd nodes. viewbddnode - displays a bdd node. incbddrefext - increments the number of external reference. incbddrefint - increments the number of internal reference. decbddrefext - decrements the number of external reference. decbddrefint - decrements the number of internal reference. setbddrefext - sets a node visible from outside. unsetbddrefext - sets a node invisible from outside. clearbddsystemrefint - clears all the internal references. clearbddsystemrefext - clears all the external references. clearbddsystemref - clears all the references. relprodbddnodeassoc - computes a relation product. reorderbddsystemsimple - reorders the bdd nodes. reorderbddsystemwindow - reorders the bdd nodes. reorderbddsystemtop - reorders the bdd nodes. reorderbddsystemdynamic - sets the dynamic reorder parameters. satisfybddnode - finds a satisfying path for a bdd. simpbddnodedcon - simplifies a bdd with don't cares on its on-set. simpbddnodedcoff - simplifies a bdd with don't cares on its off-set substbddnodeassoc - substitutes variables with bdd nodes. getbddnodesupport - gives the support of a bdd node. isbddvarinsupport - checks if a variable appears in a bdd node. createbddsystem - creates a bdd system. resetbddsystem - resets a bdd system. destroybddsystem - frees a bdd system. viewbddsystem - displays a bdd system. viewbddsysteminfo - displays statisticals informations. testbddcircuit - debbugs a bdd circuit. addbddvar - creates a new variable. addbddvarlast - creates a new variable. addbddvarfirst - creates a new variable. addbddvarbefore - creates a new variable. addbddvarafter - creates a new variable. sweepbddvar - sweeps all the unused nodes for a variable. swapbddvar - swaps two contigous variables. getbddvarbyindex - converts bdd index to a variable number. getbddvarindex - converts a variable number in a bdd index. getbddvarnode - gives the bdd node of a variable. getbddvarnodebyindex - gives the bdd node of a variable. addbddvarauxsingle - creates an auxiliary variable. addbddvarauxglobal - creates an auxiliary variable. libBdd101.a : allocbdduserfunc, allocbddheath, allocbddhnode, allocbddhoper, allocbddhnodetable, allocb‐ ddhopertable, allocbddblock, allocbddnodeblock, allocbddvartree, allocbddvarchild, allocb‐ ddvarnode, allocbddindexnode, allocbddvar, allocbddindex, allocbddassoc, allocbddassocn‐ ode, allocbddnamein, allocbddindexin, allocbddsystem, allocbddcircuit, viewbddallocinfo, applybddnodenot, applybddnodeterm, applybddnode, applybddnodeite, applybddnodelist, addbd‐ dassoc, addbddnodeassoc, delbddassoc, delbddnodeassoc, destroybddassoc, viewbddassoc, addbddblock, createbddblock, resetbddblock, destroybddblock, viewbddblock, checkbddvar, checkbddindex, checkbddoper, checkbddassoc, checkbddmaxnode, createbddcircuit, resetbdd‐ circuit, destroybddcircuit, searchbddcircuitin, addbddcircuitin, addbddcircuitaux, searchbddcircuitout, addbddcircuitout, delbddcircuitout, addbddcircuitabl, convertbddcir‐ cuitabl, convertbddcircuitsumabl, viewbddcircuit, cofactorbddnode, restrictbddnode, com‐ posebddnode, convertbddindexabl, convertbddmuxabl, convertbddnodeabl, convertbddnodesum‐ abl, existbddnodeassocon, existbddnodeassocoff, freebdduserfunc, freebddheath, freebddhn‐ ode, freebddhoper, freebddhnodetable, freebddhopertable, freebddblock, freebddnodeblock, freebddvartree, freebddvarchild, freebddvarnode, freebddindexnode, freebddvar, freebddin‐ dex, freebddassoc, freebddassocnode, freebddnamein, freebddindexin, freebddsystem, freebd‐ dcircuit, garbagebddsystem, getbddheathvar, getbddheath, delbddheath, setbddhnodefunc, getbddhnodesize, getbddhnodekey, getbddhnodeindex, checkbddhnode, createbddhnodetable, destroybddhnodetable, resetbddhnodetable, resizebddhnodetable, stretchbddhnodetable, addb‐ ddhnode, delbddhnode, viewbddhnode, viewbddhnodetable, viewbddindexnode, viewbddvarnode, setbddhoperfunc, getbddhopersize, getbddhoperkey, createbddhopertable, destroybddhop‐ ertable, resetbddhopertable, addbddhoper, searchbddhoper, viewbddhoper, viewbddhopertable, implybddnode, intersectbddnode, markbddnode, unmarkbddnode, getbddnodenum, getbddnodesize, addbddnode, addbddnodelist, delbddnode, delbddnodelist, viewbddnode, incbddrefext, incbd‐ drefint, decbddrefext, decbddrefint, setbddrefext, unsetbddrefext, clearbddsystemrefint, clearbddsystemrefext, clearbddsystemref, relprodbddnodeassoc, reorderbddvartreewindow2, reorderbddvartreewindow3, reorderbddsystemsimple, reorderbddsystemwindow, reorderbddsys‐ temtop, reorderbddsystemdynamic, resizebddvarchild, resizebddvarnode, resizebddvar, resizebddindexnode, resizebddindex, resizebddassocnode, resizebddnamein, resizebddindexin, satisfybddnode, simpbddnodedcon, simpbddnodedcoff, substbddnodeassoc, getbddnodesupport, isbddvarinsupport, createbddsystem, resetbddsystem, destroybddsystem, viewbddsystem, viewbddsysteminfo, testbddcircuit, addbdduserfunc, delbdduserfunc, execbdduserfunc, destroybdduserfunc, newbddvar, addbddvar, addbddvarlast, addbddvarfirst, addbddvarbefore, addbddvarafter, sweepbddvar, swapbddvar, getbddvarbyindex, getbddvarindex, getbddvarnode, getbddvarnodebyindex, addbddvarauxsingle, addbddvarauxglobal, searchbddvartree, deltabd‐ dvartree, shiftbddvartree, addbddvartree, swapbddvartree, createbddvartree, resetbd‐ dvartree, destroybddvartree, viewbddvartree.
SEE ALSO
aut(1),abl(1).
ASIM/LIP6 October 1, 1997 BDD101(1)
This manual Reference Other manuals
bdd(1) referred by ablToBddCct(3) | addbddassoc(3) | addbddcircuitabl(3) | addbddcircuitin(3) | addbddcircuitout(3) | addbddnode(3) | addbddnodeassoc(3) | addbddnodelist(3) | addbddvar(3) | addbddvarafter(3) | addbddvarbefore(3) | addbddvarfirst(3) | addbddvarlast(3) | addListBdd(3) | applyBdd(3) | applybddnode(3) | applybddnodeite(3) | applybddnodelist(3) | applybddnodenot(3) | applybddnodeterm(3)
refer to abl(1) | aut(1)
Download raw manual
Index ALLIANCE BDD LIBRARY (+1) ASIM/LIP6 (+480) № 1 (+39907)
Go top | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Werner Bergengruen
from VfD:
I searched for something in English and in French about this guy and I can't find anything but webpages with his books. Doesn't seem like it will expand much further than just a name and dates. --ScottyBoy900Q ∞ 05:04, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
* Keep, rather well-known in Germany. Maybe not famous world-wide, but there are quite some less-notable authors that do have their own article...needs to be expanded, though. I'll see what I can do over the weekend. -- Ferkelparade π 09:41, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
* Merge with List of people by name and delete unless expanded. Merge and delete is acceptable because this article consists solely of public domain information. anthony (see warning) 16:42, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
end moved discussion | WIKI |
User:TootingBec/Lars Vaular
Lars Vaular (born 20 September, 1984) is a Norwegian Rapper, lyricist and Hip-Hop Musician from Bergen, Norway who just released his second album "D'e Glede" on May 3, 2009 with excellent iTunes and various online rankings. "D'e Glede" has also received excellent critical reviews from the Norwegian press.
In May 2009, he successfully toured in Norway in honour of the release of the album.
He also did other stuff. | WIKI |
#! /bin/bash WORKFILE=workfile.txt OUTFILE=newPrefs.js XFERFILE="$1" # the base name of the extension preferences that are to be imported PREF_BASE=ec2ui # ec2ui is the extension base name of ElasticFox if [ -z "$1" ] then echo "Please provide the filename of the file containing the prefs to import." else # backslash-escape any special characters as you would in a regular expression # this command only handles periods but that should suffice for firefox # extensions ESCAPED_PREF_BASE=$(echo $PREF_BASE | sed -e "s/\./\\\\./g") # backup the existing prefs cp prefs.js prefs.js.old # get the file header egrep -v "^user_pref\(" prefs.js > $OUTFILE # add all other prefs egrep "^user_pref\(" prefs.js | egrep -v "^user_pref\(\"$ESCAPED_PREF_BASE\." > $WORKFILE # add desired prefs cat $XFERFILE >> $WORKFILE # sort all prefs into output sort $WORKFILE >> $OUTFILE # clean up rm $WORKFILE # uncomment this when you trust this script to replace your prefs # automatically #cp $OUTFILE prefs.js #rm $OUTFILE fi | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
List of Keurig Dr Pepper brands
This is a list of brands owned by Keurig Dr Pepper.
Soda
* 7 Up
* Bai Brands LLC
* A&W Root Beer
* A&W Cream Soda
* Cactus Cooler
* Canada Dry
* Canfield's
* Clamato
* Crush
* Dejà Blue
* Diet Rite
* Dr Pepper
* Hawaiian Punch
* Hires Root Beer
* IBC Root Beer
* Margaritaville
* Mott's
* Mr & Mrs T
* Nantucket Nectars
* Nehi
* Peñafiel
* RC Cola
* ReaLemon
* Rose's
* Schweppes
* Snapple
* Squirt
* Stewart's Fountain Classics
* Sun Drop
* Sunkist
* Venom
* Vernors
* Wink
* Yoo-hoo
Coffees
* Diedrich Coffee
* Green Mountain
* Timothy's World Coffee
* Tully's Coffee
* Van Houtte
Brewing machines
* Keurig
Soft Drinks
* Canada Dry (club soda, tonic water, ginger ale, diet ginger ale, cranberry flavored ginger ale, green tea ginger ale)
* C'plus (orange, C'plus Wink)
* Crush (cream soda, birch beer, grape, lime, orange, pineapple)
* Dr Pepper and Diet Dr Pepper
* Hires Root Beer and cream soda
* RC Cola
* Schweppes (tonic water, ginger ale, diet ginger ale)
* Vernors
* Snapple
* Stewart's Fountain Classics (Root Beer, Orange & Cream, Wishniak, Black Cherry, Key Lime, Cream Soda)
* Golden Cockerel (ginger beer)
* Sussex Golden Ginger Ale
* Mott's Clamato (regular, the Works, Extra Spicy)
* Mott's Garden Cocktail (Regular & Low Sodium)
* Mr & Mrs T (daiquiri, margarita, pina colada)
* ReaLemon
* ReaLime
* Rose's Lime Cordial
* Rose's Cocktail Infusions (cranberry, blueberry, green apple)
* Rose's Grenadine
* Mott's Fruitsations (Fruit snacks, apple sauces, juices and Fruit with Supplement)
Coffees
* Green Mountain
* Timothy's World Coffee
* Van Houtte
Mexico
* Peñafiel Mineral Water
* Peñafiel Fruit Sodas
* Peñafiel Naturel- Low calorie fruit sodas sweetened with Splenda.
* Peñafiel Frutal- Peñafiel Mineral Water with a hint of fruit flavor (strawberry, apple), sweetened with Splenda.
* Peñafiel Twist- Peñafiel Mineral Water with a hint of lime.
* Squirt, Squirt Light and Squirt Rusa (salt and lime). (distributed by Pepsi in some states and by Aga in other states).
* Canada Dry (distributed by Pepsi in some areas)
* Aguafiel purified water, frutal (Jamaica, lime, mango, orange) and frutal cero (Jamaica, apple) sweetened with Splenda.
* Clamato
* Crush
* Snapple
* Schweppes
* Dr Pepper | WIKI |
Harold Edgeworth Butler
Harold Edgeworth Butler (8 May 1878 – 5 June 1951) was a British classicist. He was Professor of Latin at University College, London in succession to A. E. Housman from 1911 until his retirement.
Butler was the son of the Rev. Arthur Gray Butler, the first headmaster of Haileybury College.
He was the father of the psephologist Sir David Butler. | WIKI |
Page:Bunny Brown on Grandpa's Farm.djvu/86
CHAPTER IX
THE LOST HORSE
" is it?" cried Bunny Brown. "What's the matter?"
"Is it a Gypsy after Bunker Blue?" asked his sister Sue.
Mrs. Brown pulled aside the light curtains that hung in front of the children's bunks.
"Don't be frightened," she said. "It isn't anything. Perhaps Bunker is dreaming, and talking in his sleep. Daddy will make it all right."
"Is Splash barking in his sleep?" Sue wanted to know.
Mother Brown laughed, and Bunny and Sue felt better after that.
Once more Bunker Blue called out:
"Hey! Quit, will you? Stop it! Ouch! I'm being tickled! Oh!"
Bunny Brown and his sister Sue laughed Rh | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Editor review/Dac44
dac4444
Hello. I'm a very big jazz fan -a player as well- and I created this page for the great jazz guitarist Assaf Kehati. He's a prominent guitarist in today's jazz world, playing with major artists, all over the world and I felt he deserved a page. I want to be reviewed because this is my first Wikipedia page and I'm not sure if I'm doing things correctly Dac44 (talk) 02:50, 20 April 2011 (UTC)
Questions
* 1) What are your primary contributions to Wikipedia? Are there any about which you are particularly pleased? Why?
* This is my first contribution and hopefully I'll have more in the future
* 1) Have you been in editing disputes or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future? If you have never been in an editing dispute, explain how you would respond to one.
* I'm not quite sure of what's wrong with the page
* I'm not quite sure of what's wrong with the page
Reviews Currently, you only have 10 edits, so I am going to review the article you have written, as all but one of your edits were made there. The article is rather good. It is well written, neutral, and well organized. The only thing I would suggest would be to add additional references and possibly expand the career section. Alpha Quadrant talk 16:07, 24 May 2011 (UTC)
* Review by Alpha Quadrant | WIKI |
Seinfeld season 1
Season one of Seinfeld, an American television series created by Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David, began airing on July 5, 1989, on NBC. Originally called The Seinfeld Chronicles, its name was shortened to Seinfeld after the pilot to avoid confusion with another sitcom called The Marshall Chronicles. The season finale aired on June 21, 1990.
A Seasons 1 & 2 DVD box set was released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment in the United States and Canada on November 23, 2004, thirteen years after it had completed broadcast on television. In addition to every episode from the two seasons, the DVD release features bonus material, including deleted scenes, animatics, exclusive stand-up material, and commentaries. With only four episodes after the pilot, season one of Seinfeld is one of the smallest sitcom orders in television history.
Production
Castle Rock Entertainment produced Seinfeld. Seinfeld was aired on NBC in the United States. Larry David was the main showrunner and one of the producers. Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld wrote most of the season, with Matt Goldman writing episode three, "The Robbery". The season was directed by Art Wolff and Tom Cherones.
The show features Jerry Seinfeld as himself, Jason Alexander as George Costanza, Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Elaine Benes, and Michael Richards as Kramer. In the pilot, Lee Garlington appears as Claire, the waitress at Pete's Luncheonette, but after the pilot the "gang" started eating at Monk's Cafe. Garlington was set to appear as one of the main supporting characters. Her role was dropped when it was decided that there was no need for a regular female waitress. The character of Claire was replaced with Elaine Benes in the second episode. Jerry refers to Kramer as Kessler; however, his name was changed to Kramer for the rest of the series. Kramer was named after a real person; he was called "Kessler" in the pilot episode because of worries about the rights to use the name.
Reception
The pilot episode was met with poor responses from test audiences, and NBC decided not to pick up the show. Believing it had potential, NBC executive Rick Ludwin ordered four episodes about a year after NBC's rejection. The first aired on May 31, 1990. When the pilot was first repeated on July 5, 1990, it received a rating of 13.9/26, meaning that 13.9% of households were tuned in at any given moment; additionally, 26% of all televisions in use at the time were tuned into it. These ratings were high enough to secure a second season. NBC research showed that the show was popular with young male adults, a demographic sought by advertisers, giving NBC an incentive to continue the show. The episode "The Stake Out" was nominated for a Writer's Guild Award.
Retrospective reception of the season has been positive. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 76% approval rating for the season, with an average rating of 8.1/10 and based on 29 critic reviews. The website's critics consensus reads. "Seinfeld's first season lays out the template for the show's unique style, effectively outlining the hugless, lesson-free humor that would later make it an oft-imitated classic." On Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, the season has a score of 79 out of 100 based on 9 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". TV Guide ranked it the twenty second greatest television season of all time, being one of four of the series's entries on the list. | WIKI |
Shinya Wada
Shinya Wada (和田 伸也) is a visually impaired Japanese long-distance runner. Competing in the T11 classification, Shinya has represented his country at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, where he took the bronze medal in the men's 5000m T11 race. He is also a multiple World and Asian Para Games medalist, taking six medals over four tournaments. | WIKI |
Jan Mankes
Jan Mankes (15 August 1889 – 23 April 1920) was a Dutch painter. He produced around 200 paintings, 100 drawings and 50 prints before dying of tuberculosis at the age of 30. His restrained, detailed work ranged from self-portraits to landscapes and studies of birds and animals. His work is now exhibited in his native Netherlands in the Museum Arnhem, Museum Belvédère and Museum MORE.
Biography
Mankes had a reputation as an ascetic living in a kind of self-chosen isolation in De Knipe, Friesland, far from the heart of the country's culture. In reality he was well aware of what was going on, read the leading newspapers and magazines, and was supplied by friends with newspaper clippings and other material. In addition, he had lived in The Hague and (because of his tuberculosis) in Eerbeek, in Gelderland, but preferred to keep an "intimate distance". A progressive Protestant, in 1915 he married Anne Zernike, the country's first female minister with a doctoral degree. Zernike was a Mennonite; a drawing of her, made by Mankes in 1911, is in the collection of the Fries Museum in Leeuwarden.
From 1909 onwards he was financially supported by A.A.M. Pauwels (1875–1952), a tobacco merchant and art collector from The Hague. Mankes' letters to Pauwels, in which he often thanks him for money and material sent to him, take up seven hundred pages (including annotations) and were published in 2012 by the Netherlands Institute for Art History; Pauwels' letters are not preserved.
Style and technique
He is sometimes categorized as a symbolic realist, though Carel Peeters notes that the abstract qualities of Mankes's work remove him from both symbolism and realism. When working with oil paints he was able to bring a kind of transparency to the paint especially when he was working with white, which acquired a pearly lustre because of his soft brush strokes. In self-portraits, observers noted, this gave his white skin a rather sickly appearance.
Mankes studied and then sketched his subjects (often birds and farm animals) "until he knew them by heart, and then painted them from memory". One of his favorite animals (he kept it in his room) was an owl, sent to him by his benefactor Pauwels. Mankes used a glazing technique, in which a large number of layers of paint on an opaque base "lend a fairytale-like quality to the owl". | WIKI |
This organization is known as Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED). From 1988, CRED collaborated with the World Health Organization to establish and maintain an Emergency Events Database EM-DAT. The World Health Organization (WHO) together with the Belgian Government offered the initial support for the establishment of EM-DAT.
This database is crucial in offering humanitarian based action both at the national and international levels. It provides information instrumental in making decisions on the disaster preparedness of individuals and countries. It also helps in evaluating the vulnerabilities facing various countries and regions and coming up with better priorities. The information provided by this database has been of much importance in helping establish trends for certain disasters. It equips people with knowledge on what to expect and what to do in case of such catastrophes. Essential data on the occurrence and impacts of various disasters is the subject of this database. (Em-Dat, 2012).
The data contained in this database is of high quality. This is guaranteed by the credibility of the sources from which the data is obtained. Such sources include: insurance companies, UN agencies, Non-Governmental organizations, Press agencies and research institutes among others.
There are many reasons why it is difficult to account for disaster losses. Some of them include:
Lack of proper mechanisms of collecting information on such disasters.
When a disaster strikes, people tend to be more concerned with offering help than on taking the statistics of the loss encountered.
Major loss is emotional and cannot be quantitatively accounted for. For instance, what value can be given to a person who losses their whole family in certain occurrence?
Sometimes, if accurate information of the loss is given, the effect would be very traumatizing on the people. This may make those responsible for the information to conceal some of it.
Lack of proper mechanisms to ensure collection of accurate data during such events.
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the Hurricane Katrina. This was among the most destructive hurricanes experienced in the history of the United States. It occurred during the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season and was the most severe compared to others that had occurred before. Hurricane Katrina also cost the United States so much and is considered among the costliest in history. The total property destruction was quoted at around $81 billion. In terms of lives, Katrina left behind more than 1833 people dead (Rodger, 2007).
This Hurricane was initially experienced over the Bahamas but at a lower magnitude. It however, strengthened and rapidly proceeded to the Gulf of Mexico (Thomas 2006). As the flooding continued, almost 80% of the New Orleans area, and Louisiana became flooded. This flooding continued for weeks before it finally settled down. As expected, the coastal towns experienced a lot of property damage, such as the Mississippi beachfront towns.
Apart from the loss of lives, the Hurricane had other more severe effects such as on the economy and the environment. Infrastructure was widely destroyed and this greatly hampered transport and communication. Export of commodities was greatly affected and this negatively affected the economy. Oil platforms and oil refineries were also destroyed and majority of them were closed down. Large tracks of forestland in Mississippi were destroyed, negatively impacting the forestry industry. Beaches on the coastal town were eroded by the Hurricane, with majority of them getting completely destroyed.
It is widely believed that much of this loss could have been avoided had the government heeded to warning signs. Information had been released months before the occurrence that there was a likelihood of a high scale hurricane hitting the area. However, this information was ignored, and no specific measures were taken to avert the danger. A lot of outrage was directed towards the government for the perceived lackluster performance.
Mitigation procedures that were in place before the Hurricane
Several measures were instituted by the authorities to help deal with the hurricane Katrina. This was following information received from the National Hurricane Center warning about the possibility of the occurrence. Some of them include the following:
On august 27th, a state of emergency was declared by President Bush in Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. This was two days before the first sign of the Hurricane was observed.
The state also ordered mandatory evacuations of all people in the high risk areas. This was in the coastal cities of Mississippi, Alabama and Louisiana.
The railway services in the region were also suspended in anticipation of possible destruction from the Hurricane. It was feared that the loss could be grave if such a facility could be affected.
Truckloads of essentials such as foods and water were also delivered to help feed the evacuated people.
There was a mobilization of homeland security workers by FEMA to help providing necessary assistance.
‘Refuges of last resort’ were established where residents were transferred to prior to the Katrina. One of such was the Louisiana superdome
Geographic technologies used to assess the mitigation procedures:
Given that the Hurricane affected the coastal towns, evacuation had to be done to relocate people to safer areas. These towns are largely below the sea level and as a result, the effect was expected to be grave. Authorities responded by moving people to areas above the sea level where the Hurricane was not expected to hit. Superdomes were also established to house people. It is from here that people received humanitarian aid and government supplies such as food and water.
Window of opportunity presented by the Hurricane Katrina
As much as this disaster brought great losses, it provided an opportunity for both the authorities and individuals to learn certain things. It was a sort of an eye-opener especially to the authorities in a number of ways. It helped inform them on the best courses of action to pursue in the event of similar disasters.As a result of this disaster, it became crucial that modern and protective structures needed to be in place. These are the structures which come in handy when there is an occurrence of an event such as flooding or sea waves. Apart from being modern, these structures need to be maintained and repaired to ensure that they are constantly in good form. This is to ensure that losses will be limited in future disasters.
The Hurricane Katrina also provided an opportunity to the authorities to improve the infrastructure of the city. It became crucial that important infrastructure such as roads, electric lines and communication facilities need to be properly established. Due to low hanging electric lines, there was a massive destruction of the electricity supply system after the Hurricane. A lot of residents stayed for long without electricity after this. There was a need to come up with ways to avoid this in the future.
Criticism of the mitigation procedures
After the Katrina, a lot of discomfort was expressed on the way the authorities responded to the disaster. People were not happy with the way the disaster was handled. There was a general feeling that much of the damage would have been avoided had there been a proper response.
First, the evacuation plans were not comprehensive enough. It did not adequately address all the issues that could make the evacuation a success. For instance, there were no adequate plans to relocate those who had no private means of mobility. The homeless were also not included in the plan. For this reason only the poor and the elderly were left in the city after evacuation of the others. This exposed them to a lot of harm and put them at high risk.
The federal government’s response to the disaster was slow. It was after 4 days of the occurrence that President Bush signed the $10.5 billion as a relief package. Troops were also allowed to the coastal city 4 days after the disaster. FEMA’s response to this crisis was not immediate and this is what partly aggravated the crisis. The amount of destruction experienced would be minimal if the response had been fast enough.
Having been aware of the possible effects of a Hurricane from simulated researches, the government failed. It was expected that adequate measures should have been instituted to help prevent the occurrence of the Katrina. The information the government had been sufficient. It was never understood why actions to prevent such a disaster were not taken. Recommendations of various reports were never implemented.
One of the mitigation procedures was the building of safe and modern structures to counter the Hurricane. However, the structures which were built were not capable of withstanding the great force of the earlier predicted Katrina. The levees protecting the New Orleans city were not adequately maintained and repaired. It was for this reason that the Katrina causing the great havoc destroyed them.
Critique of the use of geographical technologies
The geographic technologies used in the mitigation of this Hurricane were not of much help. It was expected that with the application of high-level technology, the number of lives lost would be low. However, the death toll from this disaster was still high. It was a wakeup call to the relevant authorities to ensure that proper technologies are in place to help mitigate losses in future occurrences.
Mitigation changes that were made after the Hurricane Katrina
The post Katrina disaster has seen the adoption of a risk-based approach to flood management by the authorities. This is because the city of New Orleans continues to sink while the sea level rises. The low-lying Mississippi river delta is vulnerable to storm surges and hurricanes as water bodies such as lake Borgne, Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain surround it can flood anytime. Among the risk-based approaches that have been adopted to flood management, include significant reconstruction and strengthening of levee systems in New Orleans that has cost billions of dollars. These strengthened structures have demonstrated positive results. For instance, the Hurricane Gustav of 2008 failed to overtop the protective T-Wall barrier along the New Orleans inner harbor navigation canal.
How social vulnerability helped in creating the disaster.
The New Orleans city was not one of the richest during this time. Majority of the families were middle level earners. However, there were scores of others who were homeless and not able to access essential services. Others had no private mobile means of transport, and relied on the public means. This caused a problem during the evacuation exercise. Those who were car-less encountered many challenges at this time and many were left behind. Those who were elderly were also victims of the evacuation challenges.
The government policies were not adequate to help properly mitigate the disaster. There had been several warnings by relevant authorities that the New Orleans area needed to be protected from category 3 and 4 earthquakes. This warning was not taken into consideration as nothing much was done to avert the underlying dangers. It is said that the adverse effects of the earthquake would have been avoided had the government been responsive.
Another issue that may have led to this disaster is poor crisis management. Policies ought to have been in place to foresee and mitigate the risk of such occurrences. The mitigation policies that were instituted by the authorities were either inappropriate or inadequate. This is what ought to be avoided in the future as we try to eliminate or at least reduce the impacts of such occurrences.
Another issue is that of reduced funding towards disasters. The government had considerably reduced the funding allocated towards prevention and mitigation of such risks. This played a crucial role in bringing about the Katrina, as adequate resource to ensure avoidance lacked.
Lessons learnt that could inform disaster risk reduction
The Hurricane Katrina formed a crucial base of evaluating the disaster preparedness of the United States. It confirmed that the country was not as equipped to deal with disaster as it had been assumed. It was noted that despite the strong economic standing of the country, something could happen which could have a very drastic effect. It was a great learning experience for the authorities and everyone in general that much needs to be done to avoid any future loss of lives and destruction of property.
One of the main lessons learnt from the incident was that it is not only the government which has the responsibility of mitigating risks. It emerged that everybody has a role to play in a bid to ensure disaster-free nation (Palser, 2007). As much as the government needs to do much, everything cannot be left at its hands. It emerged that at times the government may not have the capacity to do everything to the expectations of everyone. It may sometimes be expected that the public must chip in to create the environment they want. During this disaster, the government was not adequately able to take care of everybody’s needs. This was received with a lot of outrage from the general public.
Another important lesson was that there needs to be proper infrastructure in place. This will ensure that in case of any disaster, it will be possible to carry out rescue operations. The roads system needs to be well maintained to allow swiftness during such times. Things like electricity need to be well and fully installed to ensure that such disasters do not throw everything out of proportion. Circumstances like what was witnessed after the Katrina should be minimized. After the Hurricane had destroyed the electricity supply systems, some neighborhoods stayed for long without electricity. This served to worsen the problem as it interfered with rescue operations. Such are the things which need to be avoided in the future
The disaster also required that extensive and systematic studies needed to be carried out. This would ensure that in the event of such a disaster, those responsible do not lack information on how to go about the same (Palser, 2007). Institutions such as the military and other relevant ones must carry out proper training to ensure that troops are well prepared. This helps to carry out the evacuation and rescue operations more expeditiously. The result would be reduction in the number of casualties and less damage to property.
The Hurricane also made the authorities understand that adequate and timely funding must be directed towards such issues. After this incident, the Bush government took time before approving the funding needed to facilitate the recovery process. This in a way aggravated the problem, and lead to more casualties and more damage. For this reason, funds must be availed in time to allow a smooth recovery from a disaster. The funds also need to be adequate.
Brown, D. M. (2005). Hurricane Katrina: The first seven days of America’s worst Natural Disaster.
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (n.d) retrieved on 9th October 2012
EM-DAT. The International Disaster Database. Retrieved on 9th October 2012 http://www.emdat.be/
Fradin, J. B., & Fradin, D. B. (2010). Hurricane Katrina. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark Hoffman, M. A. (2007). Hurricane Katrina. New York: PowerKids Press.
Palser, B. (2007). Hurricane Katrina: aftermath of disaster. Minneapolis, minn: Compass point books
Rodger, E. (2007). Hurricane Katrina. New York; crab tee pub.
Thomas, H. N. (2006). Hurricane Katrina: God offer still stand : before and after Katrina. S.l.: | FINEWEB-EDU |
Help:Explanatory notes
Explanatory or content notes are used to add explanations, comments or other additional information relating to the main content but would make the text too long or awkward to read. Such notes may include supporting references.
Please read Help:Footnotes and Help:Shortened footnotes first, as this guide builds upon the methods described on those help pages. WP:REFGROUP is of particular importance.
Note formats
There are several ways to include notes:
Footnotes mixed with explanatory notes
This example uses list-defined references mixed with explanatory notes. {{markup
* The Sun is pretty big. But the Moon is not so big. The Sun is also quite hot.
Footnotes with separate explanatory notes
This example creates a separate notes section by using group names. {{markup
* The Sun is pretty big. But the Moon is not so big. The Sun is also quite hot.
Shortened footnotes mixed with explanatory notes
{{markup
* The Sun is pretty big. But the Moon is not so big. The Sun is also quite hot.
Shortened footnotes with separate explanatory notes
This example creates a separate notes section by using group names.
{{markup
* The Sun is pretty big. But the Moon is not so big. The Sun is also quite hot.
Shortened footnotes with separate explanatory notes with references
This method uses sfn to create the main footnotes, refn to create the explanatory notes and sfn to create footnotes in the explanatory notes.
{{markup
* The Sun is pretty big.{{sfn|Muller|2005|p=23}}{{refn|group=lower-alpha|But Muller points out that the Sun is not as large as some other stars.{{sfn|Muller|2005|p=23}}}} But the Moon{{refn|group=lower-alpha|The Moon goes by other names, such as Selena.{{sfn|Broun|2001|p=63}}}} is not so big.{{sfn|Broun|2001|p=46}}{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Historically the Moon was not always considered to be large.}} The Sun is also quite hot.{{sfn|Smiths|2005|p=334}} | WIKI |
Stenocarpus cunninghamii
Stenocarpus cunninghamii, commonly known as little wheel bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with simple, narrow elliptic or lance-shaped adult leaves, groups of pale yellow or white flowers and woody, linear follicles.
Description
Stenocarpus cunninghamii is a shrub or tree that typically grows to a height of 1–12 m, with a dbh of up to 30 cm. The adult leaves are narrow elliptic or narrow lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 25–110 mm long and 4–18 mm wide on a petiole 4–7 mm long. Juvenile leaves are elliptic to egg-shaped in outline and lobed or deeply bipinnately-lobed. The flower groups are arranged in leaf axils with 14 to 21 flowers on a peduncle 3–19 mm long, the individual flowers pale yellow to white and 4–5 mm long, each on a pedicel 4–5 mm long. Flowering occurs from March to May and the fruit is a woody, linear follicle 40–60 mm long, containing winged seeds.
Taxonomy
Stenocarpus cunninghamii was first formally described in 1830 by Robert Brown in an addendum to the Supplementum primum Prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae. The specific epithet (cunninghamii) honours the botanical collector Allan Cunningham.
Distribution and habitat
Little wheel bush usually grows in narrow sandstone gorges and in forest and dry scrub from the coast of the Kimberley region in Western Australia to near Wadeye in the Northern Territory and on Cape York Peninsula. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 119.djvu/1714
119 STAT. 1696
PUBLIC LAW 109–59—AUG. 10, 2005
Project Description
FY 06
FY 07
FY 08
FY 09
539. Hillsborough, FL, Hillsborough Area Regional Transit Authority
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$1,350,000
$1,300,000
$1,300,000
$1,300,000
541. Hoonah, AK-Intermodal Ferry Dock ..........
$458,000
$476,000
$517,000
$549,000
542. Howard County, MD Construct Central Maryland Transit Operations and Maintenance Facility ....................................
$250,000
$220,000
$200,000
$200,000
543. Idaho Department of Transportation-Idaho Statewide ITS for Public Transportation ...............
$344,000
$357,000
$388,000
$411,000
544. Indianapolis Downtown Transit Center ......
$800,000
$900,000
$1,100,000
$1,200,000
545. Iowa Department of Transportation-Iowa Statewide Buses and Bus Replacement ...........
$2,749,000
$2,856,000
$3,104,000
$3,291,000
546. Ivy Tech State College, Indiana Multimodal Center .........
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$400,000
547. Jackson State University, MS—Busing Project
$1,145,000
$1,190,000
$1,293,000
$1,372,000
548. Jacksonville Transportation Authority, FL—Bus Fleet Replacement and Equipment .....
$1,145,000
$1,190,000
$1,293,000
$1,372,000
549. Jacksonville, FL Transportation Authority Paratransit Program
$350,000
$0
$0
$0
550. Juneau-Transit Bus Acquisition and Transit Center .............................
$344,000
$357,000
$388,000
$411,000
551. Kansas City Area Transportation Authority-Bus Project ................
$2,291,000
$2,380,000
$2,587,000
$2,742,000
552. Kansas Department of Transportation-Kansas Statewide Transit Buses, Bus Facilities, and Bus ITS ...................
13:51 Oct 26, 2006
$1,000,000
540. Honolulu, HI, Bus Facilities ..............................
VerDate 14-DEC-2004
$1,000,000
$2,749,000
$2,856,000
$3,104,000
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� | WIKI |
User:Brightman1221
Nkane Sordum Bright
He is a student of the university of port Harcourt, studying Health Education and Promotion.
From Nonwa Uedume in Tai Local Government Area of Rivers State.
Born 27th August 1999.
He have served as a student leader at different capacities.
 | WIKI |
Page:Church and State under the Tudors.djvu/68
REIGN OF HENRY VIII
is more difficult, glibly as it is often talked and written of, than successfully to place ourselves in the circumstances of men living in another period of history, or even in another climate or under another government. So vastly do the circumstances of our daily and hourly lives, the atmosphere of the society which we meet, the tone of the books and newspapers which we read, mould every thought which we think and modify every view which we take of the occurrences which surround us, that it is all but an impossibility to judge how those best known to us, or how even we ourselves, would think or speak or act in a set of circumstances widely different from those in which our actual experience has been cast.
The Tudor times are often and justly thought of as being those in which modern history took its rise, in which the great inventions and the great discoveries—the revival of learning, the printing-press, the discovery of America—tended of themselves to evolve great ideas and to develop great men; but when we are discussing the characters and achievements of those great men, we are apt sometimes to underrate the difference between their surroundings and our own—to forget, for instance, that they lived under a 'reign of terror,' as complete as that which has obtained that name in the history of modern France, and far more permanent. It is doubt- | WIKI |
The High School perspective
Lakenheath High School students considered the similarities and differences between England and America, and how they felt living in different countries had helped them develop as a young person. They wrote their responses and then discussed their answers in a video.
“Collaborating with Suffolk Archives on the community heritage project has been an amazing opportunity to ensure that education transcends the classroom for my students. My students were deeply impacted to learn that America’s arrival to Suffolk also brought segregation to the local community. Specific Suffolk villages became designated for black servicemen, and black servicemen could only visit some of the larger towns on designated days. Needless to say this has profoundly impacted their view of the scope of America’s segregation laws. Furthermore, my students were able to explore the differences and commonalities between England & America, highlight what it means to be a ‘third culture kid’, as well as addressing what makes a place feel like home. A phenomenal project and experience for my students.”
Mrs Ellis, Lakenheath High School teacher | FINEWEB-EDU |
SiP-external MIPI RFFE device introduction %XMIPIRFFEDEV
The Nordic-proprietary %XMIPIRFFEDEV command introduces the device and its static parameters to the nRF9160 System in Package (SiP). v1.0.xv1.1.xv1.2.xv1.3.xpti_v1.1.x≥1
nRF9160 can be configured to control a SiP-external, MIPI RF Front-End Control Interface (RFFE)-controlled device to a limited extent. Antenna tuner is the primary use case.
After introducing the MIPI RFFE device, the configuration for the various control phases can be given using the %XMIPIRFFECTRL command.
The %XMIPIRFFEDEV command needs to be sent before any modem activity occurs.
This section and %XMIPIRFFECTRL provide the generic syntax of the MIPI RFFE set commands and examples of the read and delete commands. For examples using the %XMIPIRFFEDEV and %XMIPIRFFECTRL set commands, see nWP034 - nRF9160 Hardware Verification Guidelines. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Tango git migration
Opening a discussing on the pending proposal to migrate Tango code base to git.
The draft of the proposal can be found in here.
Edited 1 year ago
Hi Tiago,
reading this proposition of moving SVN repo to a DVCS seems a very good idea. This draft is a big work.
I remember suggesting studying alternatives to github in Krakow when we discussed DVCS option.
However, it seems to me that this proposition mixed several options:
- Moving from SVN to some DVCS. It will make it easier to contribute to the tango core system.
This DVCS tool could be git of course, but I did not see any argument which hg or other DVCS tools will not do fit. Does others DVCS have been considered?
- Moving Tango core system to a repo allowing code review and more generally continuous integration and pull request.
It a similar way, such a tool could be a private company tools like github or bitbucket, but it could also even be Gitlab or a RhodeCode instance which would allow a better control on the tool. Does others tools have been considered?
Anyway, great work!
Apart of that, some repo already exist on Github, LImA for instance. I read that you recommend the use of tango-cs and tango-des.
What would be the recommended way for such existing github repo?
- Philippe
I definitly welcome the move from subversion to git.
But the proposal is actually about moving from sourceforge + svn to github + git.
How about making that a two step process? First moving from subversion to git and later on from sourceforge to X.
Although github seems to be the site of choice for many projects, it has serious drawbacks wrt. code review. The only reasonable good solutions for code review are from my POV gerrit and phabricator.
I would like to move one device server to github. This wiki page says:
The other Tango device servers will be migrated in an automated way probably once all the tango-cs projects will have been migrated, unless device servers maintainers want to do the job themselves before like Sergi Rubio did for PANIC software.
To speed-up this process I would like to migrate this server myself. I imagine that the server repo will belong to the tango-controls organization. To add a repo I will need to be member of this organization, isn't it? How can I become a member?
zreszela
To speed-up this process I would like to migrate this server myself. I imagine that the server repo will belong to the tango-controls organization. To add a repo I will need to be member of this organization, isn't it? How can I become a member?
As DeviceServerCatalogue is now operational. You should simply contribute you device server to it pointing to your repo.
This way it is much easier for 3rd party contributions: should not be member of tango-controls; free to choose code and binaries hosting platforms etc. On the other hand we do not pollute tango-controls, as with 100th repositories it will be a nightmare to administrate it and it is unuseable - imagine a newcomer who wants to find something.
So in my opinion: wiki page is outdated. Use DeviceServerCatalogue to contribute. tango-controls is only for system critical servers, like Database, AccessControl etc
Thanks Igor!
Following your proposal I have another question. What will happen with the device servers already present in tango-ds SF? They will stay there and the catalogue will be automatically feed with all of them? And afterwards it is the device server maintainer's decision to migrate the server and update the catalogue accordingly or not to update and stay on SF?
IMHO I would let everything as it is, and ask maintainers to take care about it (add to DeviceServerCatalogue, migrate to git etc). This way we can also find out dead projects, if nobody takes care of them.
Register or login to create to post a reply. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
bipolar disorder cognitive behavioral therapy
it may also involve group sessions that include the therapist and other people with similar issues. usually, the core treatment for bipolar disorder is a combination of medication and psychotherapy. it can also create awareness of one’s mood, emotions, physical sensations, and common indicators of a manic episode. these approaches then lead to more realistic or balanced thoughts, less emotional distress, and behaviors that are more appropriate to your context. looking at thoughts more objectively can relieve the experience of difficult negative emotions because thoughts and emotions are shown to be linked and to impact each other. once the problems are identified, you will work with the therapist to begin looking at how you’re reacting to the thoughts around these problems in order to affect your emotions and actions.
during a session, you and the therapist work together to replace these with more objective, realistic, or balanced thoughts. cbt is one of the more common types of therapy. treatment with cbt focuses on identifying problems and your reactions to them. cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the most well-studied types of therapy. its goal is to challenge negative beliefs and develop more practical, rational… cognitive behavioral therapy for depression is a type of psychotherapy that modifies thought patterns to change moods and behaviors. bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of mania and depression. fear of harm (foh) refers to a subset of symptoms observed in some children with bipolar disorder.
if you’re living with bipolar disorder, you’re probably well-accustomed to the unpredictable mood swings that are a hallmark of the condition. according to a study published in january 2015 in the journal psychology and psychotherapy: theory, research and practice, bipolar mood swings are influenced by your thoughts. cbt teaches you how to catch, challenge, and change flawed thoughts as well as identify and correct troublesome behavior patterns. a negative emotional response, such as jumping to the conclusion that she hates your work and that you’re going to get fired, can take you down the path to depression. a study published in january 2015 in the british journal of psychiatry supports adding cbt to bipolar disorder treatment.
the first step is to understand and acknowledge that you have a disorder that’s responsible for your symptoms. people are asked to rate their mood daily on a 0-to-10 scale, in which 0 represents “depressed,” 5 stands for “feeling ok,” and 10 is equivalent to “highly irritable or elevated mood.” the purpose is to become more aware of mood triggers and changes. this process focuses on correcting flawed thought patterns by learning how to become more aware of the role thoughts play in your mood, how to identify problematic thoughts, and how to change or correct them. this step involves learning how to identify a problem, generate potential solutions, select a solution, try it, and evaluate the outcome. some people with bipolar disorder lack certain social skills, which causes them to feel that they aren’t in control of a certain aspect of their lives. engaging in activities on a regular and predictable basis establishes a rhythm to your day, which helps stabilize your mood.
cognitive behavioral therapy (cbt) is a type of psychotherapy that can be used to help manage bipolar disorder. psychotherapy may involve a one-on-one cognitive behavioral therapy (cbt) can help lessen the frequency of bipolar mood swings. learn the top cbt techniques for bipolar disorder. cbt is effective in decreasing the relapse rate and improving depressive symptoms, mania severity, and psychosocial functioning, with a mild-to-, .
the cbt process includes assessment, psychoeducation, and methods for mood episodes or preventing recurrences. psychoeducation is the most crucial and the most there are three primary ways in which cognitive behavior therapy (cbt) has been found to help individuals with bipolar disorder. first, cbt can help cognitive behavioral therapy (cbt), which involves trying to change your patterns of thinking, is effective for bipolar disorder, according to, .
When you try to get related information on bipolar disorder cognitive behavioral therapy, you may look for related areas. cbt bipolar disorder worksheet,cbt insomnia bipolar disorder,disadvantages of cbt for bipolar disorder,cbt workbook for bipolar,cbt for bipolar disorder manual . | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
One weird trick to name your tests
You’re crushing code and taking names. You got a gajillion dollars in VC funding and the world domination is just a lisp macro away.
But you’re also a sensible professional engineer with a heart of gold and you care about the quality of your work. Tests and readability matter to you and you’re not gonna compromise on those for arbitrary business deadlines. You don’t just write code, YOU MAKE ART!
But naming things is hard. Especially naming tests so that they make sense to someone who hasn’t pair-programmed with you since kindergarten. So let’s see how we can christen our tests better, shall we?
One weird trick for naming tests
Take a look at this test:
public void loginFails() {
authenticator.login(“user@email.com”, “wrong password”);
assertFalse(authenticator.isUserLoggedIn());
}
To understand what is being tested, you’re gonna have to read the test and figure that the login is supposed to fail when a wrong password is provided.
In other words, the test is missing a context. You can see that login is supposed to fail but you don’t know under what conditions.
Consider the same test with a different name:
public void wrongPasswordTest() {
authenticator.login(“user@email.com”, “wrong password”);
assertFalse(authenticator.isUserLoggedIn());
}
Once again, you’ll have to read the test code to see what’s going on. In this case, You know you’re testing the wrong password scenario but you don’t know what is supposed to happen upon encountering it.
This test is missing an expectation.
So let’s take this caterpillar and turn it into a butterfly, shall we?
Here’s the one weird trick that will vault you into the test naming hall of fame:
Test names should have a clear scenario and a clear expectation
That’s it. There’s no more magic to it than that. The test would read much better if it looked like this:
public void loginShouldFailOnWrongPassword() {
authenticator.login(“user@email.com”, “wrong password”);
assertFalse(authenticator.isUserLoggedIn());
}
Naming styles
Now that you know that your test names should contain both a scenario and an expectation, there are many different styles you could choose from. Any of them will do just fine and it’s mostly a matter of taste. Your taste of course, is better than everyone else’s.
• method_scenario_expectation : Using this style, The test name would be login_onWrongPassword_shouldFail(). The disadvantage here is if that you change the method name, your IDE refactoring tool will probably not change the test name as well forcing you to do it manually.
• expectationScenario : Here, The test name would be shouldFailToLoginOnWrongPassword(). Terse and simple, this style is quite popular.
• scenario1_scenario2_expectation : A slight variation on the previous version allows more readable naming on multiple related scenario conditions. For example, if we have a behaviour that should happen on the third login attempt with a wrong password, we could call our test: onLoginWithWrongPassword_onThirdAttempt_shouldShowErrorDialog().
• given_when_then : This one comes from BDD and has the advantage of adding more context information to the scenario. This looks something like : givenUserIsLoggedOut_whenUserTriesLoginWithWrongPassword_shouldFailToLogin().
You might see some more test naming conventions in the wild but they’ll mostly be some variation of the above styles. Whichever one you choose, make sure you stick with it throughout your project. One of the worst things you could do is have haphazard naming styles scattered throughout the same project. That’s for noobs. Not elite devs like us amirite?
Moral of the story
Every test name should contain a clear scenario and an expectation. This makes it easier to grok and easier to refactor.
Keep hacking.
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For more musings about programming, follow me so you’ll get notified when I write new posts. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Tommy Lee Wallace
Thomas Lee Wallace (born September 6, 1949) is an American film director and screenwriter. He is best known for his work in the horror genre, directing films such as Halloween III: Season of the Witch and Fright Night Part 2 and also directing the 1990 television miniseries adaptation of Stephen King's epic horror novel It. He is a long-time collaborator of director John Carpenter, receiving his first credit as art director on Carpenter's directorial debut Dark Star. Along with Charles Bornstein, he edited both the original Halloween film and The Fog.
Early life and education
Born Thomas Lee Wallace in Somerset, Kentucky to Robert G. and Kathleen Wallace, he has one older sister, Linda. He grew up in Bowling Green, Kentucky, and attended high school at Western Kentucky University teachers training school (College High).
* BFA in Design from Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
* MFA program (five semesters) in film production at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
Career
Wallace entered the film business while attending USC film school, starting as an art director and film editor for commercials and industrial films. While in school, he began collaborating with childhood friend and fellow student John Carpenter, working on Carpenter's Dark Star (1974), a low-budget, science-fiction comedy that began as a student film. In 1976, he worked as sound effects editor and art director on Carpenter's second film, Assault on Precinct 13. He continued working with Carpenter, serving as production designer and co-editor of Halloween (1978) and The Fog (1980). In addition to his behind-the-scenes duties for these last two films, Wallace also appeared in front of the camera: intermittently as The Shape (the masked Michael Myers in the closet scene) in Halloween, and in The Fog as several different ghosts; his voice was also featured in both films as TV/radio announcers.
For Halloween II, John Carpenter (who was producing) initially offered directorial responsibilities to Wallace. After careful deliberation, Wallace declined, citing disappointment with the script (the job eventually went to Rick Rosenthal). He did, however, agree to write and direct the third film in the franchise, Halloween III: Season of the Witch, which was the first and only one to deviate from the Michael Myers storyline (Wallace's voice was also featured as the announcer and the munchkin singers in the "Silver Shamrock" commercial).
Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Wallace continued to write and direct for television and film. Notable work includes writing the screenplay for 1982's Amityville II: The Possession; co-writing and directing 1988's Fright Night Part 2 starring Roddy McDowell; and adapting and directing the 1990 television miniseries adaptation of Stephen King's epic horror novel It.
Wallace's work in television was varied, including directing episodes of the cult TV series Max Headroom; the 1980s revival of The Twilight Zone; and Baywatch. At the height of television film popularity in the 1990s, Wallace directed several notable films, including an adaptation of the Vincent Bugliosi novel, And the Sea Will Tell (1991), The Comrades of Summer (1992), Steel Chariots (1997), and The Spree (1998).
In 1983, he co-wrote a second draft of the film adaptation of the 1980 novel The Ninja with Carpenter. In 1986, he performed the title song of Carpenter's film Big Trouble in Little China as part of the band The Coup de Villes, alongside Carpenter and another friend, Nick Castle.
Personal life
Wallace is divorced from actress Nancy Kyes, with whom he has two children. He still lives in California and continues to write. | WIKI |
China denies credentials to Wall Street Journal reporter -paper
SHANGHAI, Aug 30 (Reuters) - China has not renewed journalist’s credentials for a reporter of the Wall Street Journal, the newspaper’s parent company said on Friday, effectively kicking him out of the country. Chun Han Wong, a Singapore national, had been based in Beijing, where he had reported on politics in China since 2014. His visa expired on Friday. “We can confirm that Chinese authorities have declined to renew Chun Han’s press credentials,” a Dow Jones spokesman said in an email. “We continue to look into the matter.” The Foreign Ministry, which accredits foreign reporters, did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Singapore’s embassy in Beijing did not reply to emailed questions about Wong’s case. Foreigners are not allowed to work as journalists in China without official credentials, which are required to obtain a residence visa. A person with direct knowledge of the situation said foreign ministry officials had voiced their displeasure to the Journal about a story published on July 30 that Wong and another reporter, Philip Wen, had written. The report here said Australian authorities were looking into the activities of one of Chinese President Xi Jinping's cousins as part of probes into organized crime, money laundering and alleged Chinese influence-peddling. Wen, an Australian, was given a three-month visa on the day before his latest visa was due to expire, the source said. Most journalist visas in China are good for a year. The source said the foreign ministry deemed Wong to be “unfriendly” toward China in his reporting. Writing reports about Chinese leaders or their families can be sensitive in China, where the ruling Communist Party tries to keep an iron grip on information about the leadership and carefully curates its image. Neither the New York Times nor Bloomberg News received new journalist visas for more than a year after they published stories in 2012 about the wealth of family members of former Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and Xi, respectively. (Reporting by John Ruwitch and Ben Blanchard; Editing by Darren Schuettler) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Kapinus Y., Golodock L., Bondar O.
Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University
ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE OF CONDITIONALLY PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN THE UROGENITAL TRACT
Microflora of Urogenital (UGT) and gastrointestinal (GI) tract certainly plays a significant role in maintaining the health of a microorganism.
Both systems are open cavities, which are constantly in contact with the environment. Surroundings are mostly represented by microorganisms whose opportunistic and pathogenic share is relatively large. One of the important roles in protecting the mucosa from infection by pathogenic microorganisms plays a normal microflora that inhabits this body or cavity. During the evolution, the formation of «Macroorganism –microorganism» system took place that eventually led to the formation of modern normal flora.
Microbiocenosis of urogenital tract should be considered as one of the most important and integral components of maintaining a constant internal environment that is functionally related to the maintenance of immunological mechanisms. Disorder in the microbiota of UGT may be the factors of other types of diseases, which are not related to reproductive system. Regulatory role of microflora of UGT is beyond the reproductive system. Synthesis of biologically active compounds prevents colonization of a cavity by the oral opportunistic flora that prevents the occurrence and progression of dysbiotic phenomena.
Normally the vagina of a woman has a normal microflora. It consists of about 90% of lactobacilli (rods Dederlyayna), 9% – with bifidobacteria and less than 1% are other conditionally pathogenic microorganisms which normally do not cause a disease.
During the research, we have found that at dysbiotic disorder of urogenital tract of a woman the microorganisms found in the vagina are represented by transient species. Most often one can find coagulase negative staphylococci (especially Staphylococcus epidermidis), besides Corynebacterium sp., association Bacteroides sp. And Prevotella sp.,Mycoplasma hominis, present in moderate amounts (less than 4,00 lg CFU / ml).In a much lower concentrations one can meet the genera Micrococcus sp., Propionibacterium sp.,Eubacterium sp. Occasionally (less than 10% of cases) one can distinguish the genera Clostridium sp., Actinomyces sp., Fusobacterium sp., Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma fermentas, S. aureus, Neisseria sp., Escherichia coli, Candida sp.
The problem of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms is recognized as a global problem. Now one of the strategic objectives around the world is to restrain the development and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Therefore, laboratory studies to determine the sensitivity of microorganisms causing human diseases to antibiotics is becoming more important.
During the studies, we have found that the resistance of staphylococci identified in patients is greater than 70%. Most strains of Staphylococcus aureus and some strains of other microorganisms produce penicillinase and cephalosporinases. Many staphylococci are resistant to other classes of antibacterial agents (macrophytes, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones).
It was found that for gram-positive cocci the highest degree of sensitivity was observed with regard to benzylpenicillin, amoskizyline / klavulon acid, cefotaxime, cefepime, cefoxitin, and some Enterobacteriaceae strains were characterized by sensitivity to amoskizyline / klavulon acid, cefotaxime, cefepime, gentamicin.
At present, the development of microorganisms resistance to antibiotics has reached such a large scale that it should cause attention to this problem. First of all this is due to the difficulties in selecting drugs for the treatment of infectious patients. The solution of issues of antibiotic resistance, the possible transmission of resistance genes, division of antibiotics types specific to a particular hospital is global and is impossible without constant monitoring of the range of pathogens and their sensitivity to antibiotics in all hospitals. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:History of India Vol 2.djvu/130
100 are marvellous and incomparable. The strategy, tactics, and organization of the operations give the reader of the story the impression that in all these matters perfection was attained. The professional military critic may justly blame Alexander, as his own officers blamed him, for excessive display of personal heroism, and needless exposure to danger of the precious life upon which the safety of the whole army depended, but criticism is silenced by admiration, and by the reflection that the example set by the king's reckless daring was of incalculable value as a stimulus and encouragement to troops often ready to despair of success.
The descent of the rivers to the ocean through the territories of civilized and well-armed nations, admittedly the best soldiers in the East, and the voyage of Nearchos from the Indus to the Tigris, may fairly be described as unqualified successes. The third great enterprise, the retirement of the army led by Alexander in person through Gedrosia, would have been equally prosperous but for the occurrence of physical difficulties, which could not be foreseen, owing to the imperfection of the information at the king's command. But even this operation was not a failure. Notwithstanding the terrible privations endured and the heavy losses suffered, the army emerged from the deserts as an organized and disciplined force, and its commander's purpose was attained.
On the whole, Alexander's Indian campaign was a success. It was not really marred by the mutiny at the Hyphasis. If his soldiers had permitted him to | WIKI |
Javad Ameri
Javad Ameri (1891 – 10 January 1980; better known as Mirza Javad Khan Ameri) was an Iranian politician. He served as member of Parliament for Semnan and Dameghan from 1944 until 1953. He was previously acting minister of foreign affairs, minister of justice and minister of the interior.
Early life
Ameri was born in Semnan, Iran, in 1891. After the death of his father Mirza Abol-Hassan Khan (Moinolmamalek), when encroachments by rival families against his family and their estates increased, Gohar Khanoum, Ameri's mother, moved her family of three sons and one daughter (Nayereh, Javad, Mehdi and Massoud) to Teheran.
Ameri, who belonged to a learned family, started his schooling at the age of five. He continued his elementary and secondary education in Teheran, attending the well-known Aghdassieh School. He then attended the Advanced School of Political Science – at the time one of two schools of higher education in Teheran, the other one being the famous Dar-Ol-Fonoon.
In order to continue his studies, Ameri left Iran for France and studied law at the Sorbonne, finishing his studies at the age of 23. This coincided with the beginning of World War I and the forced repatriation of foreign students from France.
Career
On the insistence of Adolphe Perney, the French legal advisor to the Iranian Ministry of Justice, Ameri accepted to enter the service of the Ministry and act as Perney's deputy. In 1919, Nosratoddoleh Firouz, the minister of justice, decided to establish an Advanced School of Law in order to provide the department and the legal profession with qualified personnel and competent lawyers, respectively.
Since Perney did not speak Persian, the main burden of establishing the School fell on Ameri's shoulders. While working at the Justice Ministry and assuming the management of the Law School, he also taught a number of courses, including Private International Law, Commercial Law and Criminal Law.
Ameri was rising through the ranks in the Ministry of Justice, but in 1937, the Foreign Minister asked Rezā Shāh to allow Ameri's transfer to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the Foreign Ministry, first he replaced the French legal advisor who had previously left Iran. Subsequently, he was appointed Director-General for Internal Affairs, Director-General for Political Matters, Deputy Foreign Minister and finally acting Minister of Foreign Affairs.
In 1941, at the time of the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran, Ameri was responsible for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and thus played a key role in the subsequent developments. Shortly thereafter, since presence of foreign troops on Iranian soil had caused major internal problems, Rezā Shāh ordered Ameri to assume the responsibilities of the Minister of Interior.
After Rezā Shāh's abdication, in one of Ghavam-Saltaneh's cabinets, Ameri became Minister of Justice and subsequently Minister of Interior again. Leaving the service of government, he ran for Parliament and became MP for Semnan and Dameghan. He was reelected to the Parliament three more times (14th to 17th sessions). While he was an MP, Prime Minister Ghavam asked him to join the delegation he was heading to Moscow as No.2. The mission of this delegation was to have discussions with Stalin in order to arrange an end to the continued occupation of Azarbaijan by the Soviet Union.
After the 1953 coup against the legal government of the day, headed by Dr. Mossaddegh, the Shah prevented Ameri from running for Parliament again. Returning to government service Ameri assumed the positions of Attorney-General (Prosecutor-General) and Ambassador to Austria, retiring in 1960.
Ameri died in Teheran on 10 January 1980 at the age of 89.
Personal life
In 1935, Ameri had a son, Houshang. | WIKI |
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