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Evection
In astronomy, evection (Latin for "carrying away") is the largest inequality produced by the action of the Sun in the monthly revolution of the Moon around the Earth. The evection, formerly called the moon's second anomaly, was approximately known in ancient times, and its discovery is attributed to Ptolemy. The current name itself dates much more recently, from the 17th century: it was coined by Bullialdus in connection with his own theory of the Moon's motion.
Evection causes the Moon's ecliptic longitude to vary by approximately ± 1.274° (degrees), with a period of about 31.8 days. The evection in longitude is given by the expression $$+4586.45\sin (2D-\ell)$$, where $$D$$ is the mean angular distance of the Moon from the Sun (its elongation), and $$\ell$$ is the mean angular distance of the Moon from its perigee (mean anomaly'').
It arises from an approximately six-monthly periodic variation of the eccentricity of the Moon's orbit and a libration of similar period in the position of the Moon's perigee, caused by the action of the Sun.
The evection opposes the Moon's equation of the center at the new and full moons, and augments the equation of the center at the Moon's quarters. This can be seen from the combination of the principal term of the equation of the center with the evection: $$+22639.55\sin(\ell) +4586.45\sin(2D-\ell).$$
At new and full moons, D=0° or 180°, 2D is effectively zero in either case, and the combined expression reduces to $$+(22639.55-4586.45)''\sin(\ell).$$
At the quarters, D=90° or 270°, 2D is effectively 180° in either case, changing the sign of the expression for the evection, so that the combined expression then reduces to $$+(22639.55+4586.45)''\sin(\ell)$$. | WIKI |
California Today: Awaiting Reprieve at Big Sur
California Today Good morning. (Want to get California Today by email? Here’s the sign-up.) By now, Big Sur’s severing from the outside world has unnerved even locals who are used to recurring plunges into isolation. “It’s not a unique situation for us to be shut off,” said Kirk Gafill, the owner of Nepenthe, a cliffside restaurant that’s operated in Big Sur for nearly 70 years. He recalled past mudslides on Highway 1 that had closed the Central Coast hideaway between Carmel and San Simeon for 10 weeks. “But this one is so different because now we’re in week 20,” he said late last week. “The timeline is just epic.” Landslides and a bridge collapse unleashed by fierce winter storms have kept much of Big Sur at a standstill. Along the 25-mile stretch between the destroyed span at Pfeiffer Canyon to the north and a cascade of debris at Paul’s Slide, near Lucia, just a few business have stayed open to serve locals and visitors who hike in or arrive by helicopter. But a small reprieve is expected any day. Transportation officials said Paul’s Slide was just about ready to fully reopen. That means motorists will be to get to the enclave using Nacimiento-Fergusson Road, a remote east-west route that cuts across the Santa Lucia Range. Yet the timing on a return to normalcy remains uncertain. Crews continue to work on two other painful blockages along Highway 1: the collapsed Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge and a major slide at Mud Creek roughly 35 miles to the south. Officials said a new span would be in place by the end of September, resuming easy access for visitors from points north. The Mud Creek timeline is less clear. The May 20 landslide was so large that it reshaped the coastline. Jim Shivers, a spokesman for Caltrans, said that even a ballpark estimate for reopening was impossible. “It’s not as simple as pushing the debris over the side into the ocean. There are environmental regulations we have to adhere to,” he said. “At this point we don’t know what we plan to do.” In the meantime, with summer upon us, the few visitors have been seeing a rare crowd-free version of Big Sur. Anthony Albert, from Oakland, lugged his bike along a half-mile hiking trail that circumvents the downed Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge and cycled all the way to Paul’s Slide and back. In roughly eight hours of riding, he said, he encountered maybe 10 people. “It was surreal,” said Mr. Albert, 27. “It felt like I was in the afterlife, like reliving a past experience with nobody around.” He shared some of his photos with us: (Please note: We regularly highlight articles on news sites that have limited access for nonsubscribers.) • If Democrats want to retake the House, they need to win in places like Southern California. [The New York Times] • Representative Darrell Issa, a San Diego area Republican, is suddenly sounding like a moderate. [Los Angeles Times] • The two top contenders in the race for California governor have hired advisers with knowledge of each other’s extramarital affairs. [Los Angeles Times] • The industry for legalized marijuana is facing a federal crackdown under Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who has compared cannabis to heroin. [The New York Times] • A man was sentenced to 16 years in jail in a cat-killing spree that shook a San Jose neighborhood. [The Mercury News] • Fulfillment centers, led by Amazon, are thriving in Central Valley cities like Tracy, and creating thousands of jobs. [CNBC] • This tech entrepreneur commutes by plane every day between Burbank and San Francisco. [BBC] • Venice Beach is one of the nation’s most coveted neighborhoods, but it hasn’t gained a single housing unit in 15 years. [Dow Jones Newswires] • Maryam Mirzakhani died at 40. The Stanford professor was the only woman to win what is described as the Nobel Prize of math. [The New York Times] • Martin Landau, the tall, intense, sometimes mischievously sinister actor, died at 89. [The New York Times] • Disneyland in Anaheim is planning a “Star Wars”-themed attraction. Here’s what it will look like. [Bloomberg] • You can now text your feelings to a San Francisco museum, and it will reply with a matching artwork. Emoji work, too. [The New York Times] • Video: A woman taking a selfie set off a domino effect of tumbling art at a Los Angeles gallery. Damage estimate: roughly $200,000. [The New York Times] • The California Mid-State Fair begins on Wednesday in Paso Robles and runs for nearly two weeks. • O.J. Simpson is up for parole on Thursday. He’s been in a Nevada prison for his role in a 2008 kidnapping and robbery. • Comic-Con International opens on Thursday in San Diego. HBO’s “Game of Thrones” will be front and center. • On Sunday, more than 27,000 runners are expected at the San Francisco Marathon. San Diego held its Pride parade over the weekend, drawing large crowds that organizers pegged at more than 200,000. The event, first held in 1974, was organized under the theme “Allied in Action, United for Justice.” It drew a broad array of supporters, among them interfaith leaders, a contingent of uniformed military personnel and the city’s Republican mayor, Kevin Faulconer, who tweeted a photo of himself in front of a banner supporting marriage rights. Chloe Janda, a parade spokeswoman, said there were scattered counter-protests, but none that amounted to disruption. “I think everyone had a good time,” she said. Some scenes from the celebration on Saturday: Want to submit a photo for possible publication? You can do it here. California Today goes live at 6 a.m. Pacific time weekdays. Tell us what you want to see: CAtoday@nytimes.com. The California Today columnist, Mike McPhate, is a third-generation Californian — born outside Sacramento and raised in San Juan Capistrano. He lives in Los Osos. Follow him on Twitter. California Today is edited by Julie Bloom, who grew up in Los Angeles and graduated from U.C. Berkeley. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Myroslav Yahoda
An ill-suited tag in Myroslav Yagoda article
Hello creffett, you added a tag to the page Myroslav Yagoda and indicated some issues: Please remove this inappropriate tag. --Yuri Git (talk) 09:48, 21 February 2020 (UTC)Yuri Git
* 1) This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information=== Not true at all, the article combines views of multiple art critics with clear references
* 2) This article has an unclear citation style === the Literature items (sources) are numbered, according to their appearance in the article (the main text and the references). What in particular is not clear?
* 3) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification === the person passed away in 2018 (very clearly noted in the very first line) | WIKI |
Portal:Gastropods/Selected picture/8
The sea hare Aplysia californica releases a cloud of ink as a defensive mechanism when it is threatened. This species lives in California and the northern part of the Pacific coast of Mexico.
The California sea hare can sometimes grow to be as large as 75 cm in length, measured when actively crawling. It is a herbivore, and feeds mostly on red algae. This species has become a valuable laboratory animal for the study of neurobiology. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Mathematics/2009 November 7
= November 7 =
Probability question
This is nothing to do with Homework, just an interesting problem that I came across. Assume there are three possible states for a man : He can be healthy, sick, or dead. The probability that he is sick the next day given that he is healthy today is 0.2 (the values don't really matter much here). The probability that he is dead the next day given he is sick today is 0.25. The probability that he is dead the next day given he is healthy today is zero. The probability that he is healthy the next day given he is sick is 0.4. Given he is healthy today, what is the probability that he will never die ? My instinct tells me that the answer is zero, he has to get sick somewhere down the line, and eventually die. Rkr 1991 (Wanna chat?) 06:32, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* Yes, it's 0. Assuming the independence you may observe that the probability to be dead within 2 days is in any case at least p=0.05, so the probability to be still alive after 2n days is not larger than (1-p)n, that goes to 0 exponentially. Yours is an example of a Markov chain. --pma (talk) 07:59, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* OK. So how do you find the answer to the slightly harder question, what is the probability that he is alive after n days given he is alive today ? Rkr 1991 (Wanna chat?) 10:55, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* (I assume you mean "given he is healthy today" ). Just write the transition matrix relative to the states 1=H, 2=S, 3=D, which is
* P:=$$
\begin{bmatrix} 0.8 & 0.2 & 0 \\ 0.4 & 0.35 & 0.25 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}, $$
* where pij is the probability to pass from the state i to the state j. Then, in Pn the coefficient p(n)1,3 is the probability to be in 3 at time n starting from 1 at time 0. To write Pn efficiently you should diagonalize P first (you can: it has 3 simple eigenvalues: 1, 0.213, and 0.936), P=LDL-1, Pn=LDnL-1. Check Markov chain for details.--pma (talk) 12:13, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* Great, thanks. Rkr 1991 (Wanna chat?) 13:47, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* Just a quibble here: You say he has to eventually die. Not really. That he will die eventually has probability 1, but is not certain; it is possible for him to remain healthy for all time, but the probability is 0. It's a subtle distinction, but an important one in some contexts. --Trovatore (talk) 01:20, 9 November 2009 (UTC)
* Indeed. He will almost surely die. --Tango (talk) 01:24, 9 November 2009 (UTC)
* And we should then add, that he will almost surely remain dead forever, but not certainly, as there is a probability 0 that he comes back :-/ --pma (talk) 04:12, 12 November 2009 (UTC)
Moment of inertia of a trapezoidal prism
I'm trying to put together a little tool to calculate a first approximation to the centre of gravity and moments of inertia of a conventional airliner. Most of it is pretty simple: I'll model the fuselage as a solid cylinder (though I'm tempted to try to make it more a combination of the structural mass as a cylindrical shell and the payload mass as a cylinder inside it), the engines also as cylinders, and the moments of inertia around the aircraft CG of the tail parts are dominated by the parallel axis theorem so I can neglect their contributions about their own CGs.
The challenge I'm finding is the wing. It is not small and it is close to the aircraft CG so I need it's own moment of inertia. I would like to take into account the effects of wing sweep, dihedral, and taper (that is, the difference in chord between the wing tip and the wing root). I don't need anything more complex like elliptical wings or multiple taper ratios. Sweep and dihedral I'll deal with by just rotating the moment of inertia matrix once I have it. So what I need is the moment of inertia of a trapezoidal prism. But I can't find any equations for that anywhere.
From the Moment of inertia article:
* $$\mathbf{I}=\iiint_V \rho(x,y,z)\left( \|\mathbf{r}\|^2 \mathbf{E}_{3} - \mathbf{r}\otimes \mathbf{r}\right)\, dx\,dy\,dz,$$
The convention I am using is that x is rearward, y is out the right wing, and z is up. So the wing is a trapezoid when projected on the x-y plane, with a constant (relateively small) thickness in the z direction. I am happy keeping the density (rho) constant. I expect that the answer will be in the forms of formulae for Ixx, Iyy, Izz about the principal axes (the diagonal of the matrix), with Ixz, Iyz, and Ixy zero and I will have to rotate the matrix to work in my coordinate system.
I would also like some guidance on the appropriate thickness to choose as the z-dimension. Clearly it is airfoil shaped, but I was going to approximate it as rectangular. Given the maximum airfoil thickness, what would be a rough guide to the right prism thickness? Actually, now that I think about it, in truth the height of the airfoil is proportional to the chord as well, that is it decreases from root to tip. But I am happy to neglect that. An alternative to modelling it as a rectangular section would be a diamond section, i.e. a quadrilateral with two sets of two equal sides, and the user of my tool would have to specify the maximum airfoil thickness and the location of the maximum airfoil thickness.
I know I could have asked this on the Science RD, but I hope I've taken the physics out of the question and it is now actually a math question.
Thanks, moink (talk) 07:13, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* Have you considered numerical integration? If the parameters don't change too drastically, you can do that for various values and fit a function to the results. -- Meni Rosenfeld (talk) 06:30, 9 November 2009 (UTC)
* I could do that, but I am pretty sure there is a closed-form solution. moink (talk) 08:54, 9 November 2009 (UTC)
* Deciding I had to start deriving it myself, I googled "centroid of a trapezoid" to at least not have to derive the centroid, and found this page: which has two of the three answers I need. The third can't be too terribly different from a rectangular prism. moink (talk) 08:54, 9 November 2009 (UTC)
* Looking more closely at those, they are area moments of inertia and not mass moments of inertia, but I think they are still helpful as partial solutions to the integral. moink (talk) 09:10, 9 November 2009 (UTC)
Concatenations with preimages
Given a function f : X → Y, how to prove f(f−1(B)) ⊆ B and f−1(f(A)) ⊇ A for all subsets A of X and all subsets B of Y? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:52, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* Just use the definitions of the preimage f−1(B) ("all what goes in B") and of the image f(A) ("where A goes"). So f(f−1(B)) ⊆ B reads "all what goes in B, goes in B" and f−1(f(A)) ⊇ A reads "A goes where also goes all what goes where A goes".
* Also notice the useful equivalence, for any subset A of X and any subset B of Y:
* f(A) ⊆ B ⇔ A ⊆ f−1(B),
* from which you can deduce both your inclusions starting respectively from f−1(B) ⊆ f−1(B) and f(A)) ⊆ f(A). --pma (talk) 09:03, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* Just for talking, you may consider the power set of X and Y, namely P(X) and P(Y), as small categories, where objects are subsets, and arrows are inclusions. Then the image map f* : P(X)→P(Y) and the preimage map f* : P(Y)→P(X) are adjoint functors, and of course the inclusions you wrote are just the co-unity and unity of the adjunction f* $$\scriptstyle \dashv $$ f*. (Check closure operator also).
* PS: Talking about Html, does anybody know how to get the ℘ a bit higher, and to get a bit lower the star in f* ? (I got it in quite a weird way). And why I can't see ⊣ for $$\dashv$$ ? --pma (talk) 11:25, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* ℘ ℘ (but not abusing Weierstrass' p-function symbol for power set is a better option), f* f* . Note that fine-tuning like this is very font-dependent, hence you cannot do it in a way which would reliably work for all readers. As for &LeftTee;, there is no such thing among the XHTML 1.0 named character entities (Wikipedia's HTML tidy code will thus remove it even if a particular browser could support it as an extension). The character appears in Unicode on position U+22A3, hence you can get it by &#x22a3; (or &#8867;) in HTML: ⊣⊣ (or simply input the character directly: ⊣). — Emil J. 15:03, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* Thank you! Nice emoticon :⊣) also --pma (talk) 15:37, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
plausibility of mathematical completeness
It's the mid 1920's and you're a top mathematician being recruited to the Hilbert school. Your mission: prove Hilbert's famous contention (from "On the Infinite"):
* As an example of the way in which fundamental questions can be treated I would like to choose the thesis that every mathematical problem can be solved. We are all convinced of that. After all, one of the things that attracts us most when we apply ourselves to a mathematical problem is precisely that within us we always hear the call: here is the problem, search for the solution; you can find it by pure thought, for in mathematics there is no ignoramibus.
The subtlety of Gödel's 1931 incompleteness proof may have escaped everyone else, but still, those guys weren't slouches. My question is why could anyone ever have been convinced Hilbert's thesis was true?
Consider a simple enumeration of all the sentences φ1, φ2,... over, say, the language of PA. For each sentence φk make a red dot on the number line at the point k, and write the formula denoted by φk next to the dot. At the end of this process you have an infinite row of red dots, each labelled by a formula. Now go through again and enumerate the theorems t1, t2,... and for each ti, find the dot you made earlier for that formula and flip its color from red to blue. (If it's already blue, don't do anything; this will happen a lot because you will generate all the theorems infinitely often). Also similarly flip the color of the dot for ~ti to blue. In other words you have colored the decidable formulas' dots blue and left the undecidable ones (if there are any) red. Hilbert says that at the end of this, you will have no red dots left, just blue ones. This seems like a pretty elementary description, certainly accessible and hopefully natural to any logician of that time.
Of course we know today that there will necessarily be red dots at the end, and of course we can reasonably say that until 1931, Hilbert could reasonably harbor some hope that there wouldn't be red dots. But what could make him (or anyone) so sure that there'd be no red dots. The process is just a big combinatorial mess, some weird contraption jumping around all over the place flipping dots from red to blue, and the exact pattern of flipping depends intimately on the exact make-up of the contraption (i.e. the content of the theory being studied). You could construct axioms that resulted in only flipping the prime-numbered dots, or whatever. Was there any mathematically reasonable plausibility argument that the dots would end up all blue for a theory like PA or ZF? Did they expect too much, based on the completeteness of simpler theories like Presburger arithmetic? Or was it just a bogus emotional conviction people had back then, that's alien to us now? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:22, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* While waiting for a more technical explanation, my answer to your question is: evidently, at that time it was not at all trivial. Speaking in general, it seems to me that this question reflects a common ahistorical attitude of we contemporary/modern people towards people of the past/ancient people (your post is still correct, I'm just taking the opportunity). We usually say "how could they be so naives to believe something, and not to see what for us is such a triviality". The conclusion is: "we are then smarter than them" (usually only thought), and a certain condescending air. I think I have enough evidence that our brain is not better (experiment: just ask for a formula for the solution of the third degree equation to a mathematician who doesn't know it). If today so many ideas are so easily understandable for so many people of medium intelligence, whereas once they were so difficult and just for a small elite, this seems to me the proof that the people who created these ideas, and those who prepared the ground for them, where giants, and we should have the greatest gratitude and admiration for them. --pma (talk) 14:02, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* I'm not at all saying it should have been obvious in the 1920's that PA was incomplete. I'm just wondering why anyone would have expected it to be complete. Certainly it was an important question to investigate, but why did almost everyone expect a particular outcome instead of saying "gee, I don't know"? Also I'm talking about the mid 1920's (maybe I should have said late 1920's, since "On the Infinite" was written in 1925), not the era of Frege. The groundwork was pretty well established by then. (Actually, one exception: Emil Post anticipated the incompleteness theorem in 1921, but wasn't able to put a proof together.) There are plenty of statements today that we think are true but for which we don't have a proof (e.g. Riemann hypothesis, P!=NP, FLT until recently, etc). But we can make reasonable plausibility arguments for each of those, even if we turn out to be wrong afterwards. I'm wondering whether there was a plausibility argument for completeness. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:58, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* My guess is that it was based on the notion that mathematical truth derived entirely from axiomatic proof, combined with the optimistic faith that truth is knowable ("we must have no ignorabimus"). Had Hilbert really been thinking of the question in the combinatorial light you present, I doubt he would have been so sure; it was because he invested the combinatorics with meaning that he thought it had to be this way. I have not extensively read Hilbert and am speculating a bit here, but this makes sense to me. --Trovatore (talk) 21:29, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
Calculus with imaginary constants
Is calculus with imaginary constants, say $$\int e^{ix}$$, just the same as when the constant is real? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:43, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* Broadly. If you want to evaluate an integral like $$ \int _a ^b f(x) dx $$ where f is a complex valued function of a real variable and a and b are reals, then you can just write f as the sum of its real and imaginary parts f = u + iv, and then the integral of f is defined to be the integral of u plus i times the integral of v (as long as the integrals exist). However you do have to be a little careful with things like change of variables. Here's an example: consider the real integral $$ \int_\infty ^\infty 1/(1+x^4) dx $$. Making the substitution y = ix, so dy=i dx doesn't change the limits and, x^4=(y/i)^4=y^4. So $$ \int_\infty ^\infty 1/(1+x^4) dx = i \int_\infty ^\infty 1/(1+y^4) dy$$. It follows the integral is zero....but it obviously isn't. Tinfoilcat (talk) 16:38, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* Making that substitution certainly does change the limits, and the domain integrated over. It changes the integral from one on the real line from -∞ to ∞ to one on the imaginary line from -i∞ to i∞. Algebraist 19:04, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* It doesn't change the "limits" if you work on the Riemann sphere, where there's only one infinity. But of course it changes the path - that's why there's no paradox here. Tinfoilcat (talk) 19:26, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
To answer the OP: Yes, you treat complex constants just the same as real constants. For example:
* $$\frac{d}{dz} i = 0, \ \int i \ dz = iz + c_1, \ \frac{d}{dz} e^{iz} = ie^{iz} \mbox{ and } \int e^{iz} \ dz = \frac{1}{i}e^{iz} + c_2, $$
where c1, c2 ∈ C are constants of integration. It's usual to use z as a complex variable instead of the familiar x for a real variable. Calculating complex integrals is a bit different to calculating real ones. Given two real numbers, say x1 and x2, there's only one way to integrate a function between x1 and x2 since the real numbers form a line. When we integrate over the complex numbers we have a lot more freedom. Given two complex numbers, say z1 and z2, we can integrate a function along a path which starts at z1 and ends at z2 since the complex numbers form a plane. In practise we just make some substitutions and calculate a simple integral. Say you want to integrate ƒ(z) = 1/z around the the unit circle, well the unit circle is given by the contour γ = {eit : 0 ≤ t < 2π}. So we make the substitution z = eit (and hence dz = ieitdt) and integrate for 0 ≤ t < 2π, i.e. we calculate
* $$ \oint_{\gamma}\frac{1}{z} \ dz = \int_0^{2\pi} \frac{1}{e^{it}}\cdot ie^{it} \ dt = \int_0^{2\pi} i \ dt = 2\pi i. $$
Notice that γ starts and ends at the same point, namely 1, but the integral is not zero (as it would be in the real case). This is where complex analysis starts to get interesting…
Dr Dec (Talk) 14:21, 8 November 2009 (UTC)
Mathematical Sequences and inductive reasoning
Use inductive reasoning to write the 10th term in each sequence below. THEN write a formula for the nth term.
a) 4, 13, 22, 31, 40...
b) 3, 5, 9, 17, 33...
c) 0, 6, 24, 60, 120...
d) 5, 10, 17, 28, 47, 82... —Preceding unsigned comment added by Whitesox1994 (talk • contribs) 18:36, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* We can't do homework for you. And even if it is not homework, at least show us your current attempt at solving these problems. You will find some inspiration at arithmetic sequence for the first answer. Zunaid 19:23, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* Such sequences are often best explored by calculating successive differences between the terms, sometimes continuing the process by calculating differences of the differences. A clue for d: it's growing too quickly for that to be useful.→<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:51, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* It's useful for (d), it just won't give you the answer by itself. Do the process twice and you'll get a sequence you should immediately recognise. You can get the next term in the sequence from that, but to get a formula from it will require some cleverness. --Tango (talk) 20:18, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
Your question is imprecise and unfortunately illustrates the "sort of mathematics" schools are teaching students these days. In many branches of applied mathematics, sequences will not behave in such a simple manner, and thus basic arithmetic is of no use (as pma notes below, one usually needs a large set of data to extrapolate, and even then, other techniques must be used for extrapolation - one can never be sure that any particular extrapolation of a sequence is correct). In any case:
* (a) The successive differences are: 13 - 4 = 22 - 13 = 31 - 22 = 40 - 31 = 9. Since the difference between two terms of the sequence remains constant, one may conclude that "adding nine to the previous term gives the next term". Now, you should determine a formula for the nth term (which will of course contain n as a variable). Using this formula, compute the tenth term of the sequence.
* (b) The successive differences are: 5 - 3 = 2, 9 - 5 = 4, 17 - 9 = 8, 33 - 17 = 16. Writing the diffences as a sequence - 2, 4, 8, 16..., we observe that the differences are powers of two. Thus the desired formula for the nth term is $$f(n) = 2 + \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} 2^{k}$$. Now, compute the tenth term of the sequence using this formula.
* (c) Do this by yourself using the other answers I have given you. To learn mathematics is to do it (and think about it). Furthermore, mathematics cannot be done by watching someone else do it - often one must invent new methods to tackle new questions; methods not previously known. I hope that by doing (c), and by comparing it to the solutions to (a), (b) and (d), you will appreciate this.
* (d) The successive differences are: 10 - 5 = 5, 17 - 10 = 7, 28 - 17 = 11, 47 - 28 = 19, 82 - 47 = 35. Writing the differences as a sequence - 5, 7, 11, 19, 35..., we shall now compute the differences of the differences - 2, 4, 8, 16...; a sequence which you should recognize. With (a), the successive differences remained constant - thus the formula for (a) involved only n (and not n2 or any powers of n). On the other hand, in (b), the differences were powers of 2, and thus we took the summation of all powers of 2 in our formula. Likewise, in this case, the differences of the differences are all powers of 2 - working in a similar manner to (b), the formula for the nth term is $$f(n) = 5n + \sum_{i=3}^{n} (n-i+1)2^{i-2}$$ where we adopt the convention that an empty sum is necessarily zero.
Although I have given you some of the answers here, we are specifically advised not to do so. Therefore, instead of merely accepting the answers as true, you can do a couple of simple exercises - for instance, check that for the first few values of n, the nth term agrees with the formula I have given. Also, try to invent new sorts of sequences and apply the above methods to those - this will be good practice. Finally, I have not given you the actual answers for (c) and (a), so computing the nth term for these sequences should be your first task - spend at least 30 minutes reflecting on these exercises (and their solutions), if you want to benefit from them (and be able to do future homework without assistance). In the future, we probably will not give you solutions unless you show us your work. Hope this helps. -- PS T 02:39, 8 November 2009 (UTC)
a) 4, 13, 22, 31, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,...
b) 3, 5, 9, 17, 33, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,......
c) 0, 6, 24, 60, 120, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,......
d) 5, 10, 17, 28, 47, 82, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,...... --pma (talk) 22:44, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
* Unfortunately, we are fighting a losing battle against maths teachers on this one - I think it is best to just give in as far as answering questions on the Ref Desk goes. --Tango (talk) 03:59, 8 November 2009 (UTC)
* I think it's really up to the student to be in control of his learning. Honestly when I was in high school I just can't stand my English classes; I have absolutely no idea what the poems are talking about and it just hurts to be writing essays explaining Keats. Although the education is deteriorating, it does help to separate the more able students from the rest (who can learn by themselves), so I wouldn't say it's totally undesirable. Najor Melson (talk) 06:15, 8 November 2009 (UTC)
It is a good idea to repeatedly compute the negative differences bn=an− an+1. Starting with 5 10 17 28 47 82 you get row by row 5 10 17 28 47 82 -5 -7 -11 -19 -35 2 4 8 16 -2 -4 -8 2 4 -2 Now extend the first column downwards and then compute the columns one by one in the same way. Extending by zeroes you get the answer 444. (This sequence is a polynomial of degree 5). 5 10 17 28 47 82 133 204 299 444 -5 -7 -11 -19 -35 -51 -71 -95 -145 2 4 8 16 16 20 24 50 -2 -4 -8 -14 -4 -14 -26 2 4 6 8 10 12 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Extending the first column in a periodic way you get 1054: 5 10 17 28 47 82 149<PHONE_NUMBER> -5 -7 -11 -19 -35 -67 -131 -259 -515 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 -2 -4 -8 -16 -32 -64 -128 2 4 8 16 32 64 -2 -4 -8 -16 -32 2 4 8 16 -2 -4 -8 2 4 -2 Bo Jacoby (talk) 07:57, 8 November 2009 (UTC).
* I'd simplify this method a bit. For the last case, I'd only go down 2 levels, skip worrying about the signs, and align them like so:
5 10 17 28 47 82 149 280 539 1054 5 7 11 19 35 67 131 259 515 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
* I also believe you made a mistake in the last term. StuRat (talk) 18:33, 8 November 2009 (UTC)
* Thank you! I now corrected my error. The idea is that the row of function values is transformed into the column of coefficients. T(5,10,17,28,47) = (5,-5,2,-2,2). And vice versa: T(5,-5,2,-2,2) = (5,10,17,28,47). Extending the column of coefficients with zeroes leads to a polynomial extension of the row of function values. T(5,-5,2,-2,2,0,0,0,0) = (5,10,17,28,47,82,149,280,539,1054). The transformation T involves subtraction only, but no multiplication, (and so I was attempted to do it by hand, and made the error). The signs are essential for making T an involution, T=T−1. Bo Jacoby (talk) 00:20, 9 November 2009 (UTC).
* Yes, but my assessment is that an involution is a bit beyond a student who needs help finding the 10th term in the sequence 4, 13, 22, 31, 40..., and I always try to tailor my answers to the target audience. StuRat (talk) 00:51, 9 November 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Bert Baker
Bert or Bertram Bak(k)er may refer to:
* Bert Baker, character in Springtime in the Sierras
* Bertram Baker (1898–1985), member of the New York State Assembly
* Bert Bakker (1912–1969), Dutch writer and publisher
* Bert Baker (Illinois politician) (1923–1984), Illinois politician | WIKI |
User:KnightTyme
Season 2 (1964–1965)
Season 3 (1965–1966)
Season 4 (1966–67)
Second Doctor - Season 4 (1966–67)
Season 5 (1967–68)
Season 6 (1968–69)
Third Doctor - Season 7
Season 8 (1971)
Season 9 (1972)
Season 10 (1972–1973)
Season 11 (1973–74)
Fourth Doctor - Season 12
Season 13
Season 14 (1976–77)
Season 15 (1977–78)
Season 16 (1978–79)
Season 17 (1979–1980)
Season 18 (1980–81)
Fifth Doctor - Season 19 (1982)
Season 20 (1983)
Season 21 (1984)
Sixth Doctor - Season 21 & 22
Season 23 (1986) - |The Trial of a Time Lord
Seventh Doctor - Season 24 (1987)
Season 25 (1988–1989)
Season 26 (1989) | WIKI |
Sigrid Borge
Sigrid Borge (born 3 December 1995 in Hausvik) is a Norwegian athlete specialising in the javelin throw. She represented her country at the 2017 World Championships without qualifying for the final.
Her personal best in the event is 63.28 metres set at Nadderud stadion in 2017. | WIKI |
Naciri
Naciri (الناصري) is a Moroccan Arabic surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Mohamed El Mekki Naciri
* Junas Naciri (born 1973), Dutch retired footballer
* Khalid Naciri (born 1946), Moroccan politician
* Mohammad Naciri (born 1973), Moroccan United Nations official
* Mohamed Taieb Naciri (1939–2012), Moroccan lawyer and politician
* Said Naciri (born 1960), Moroccan actor, comedian and producer
* Youssef Naciri (born 1993), Moroccan footballer
* Hassan Naciri, Moroccan public figure. | WIKI |
System.Windows.Forms.Menu Class
Represents the base functionality for all menus. Although System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripDropDown and System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripDropDownMenu replace and add functionality to the System.Windows.Forms.Menu control of previous versions, System.Windows.Forms.Menu is retained for both backward compatibility and future use if you choose.
See Also: Menu Members
Syntax
[System.ComponentModel.ListBindable(false)]
[System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItemFilter("System.Windows.Forms", System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItemFilterType.Allow)]
public abstract class Menu : System.ComponentModel.Component
Remarks
This class is the base class for the System.Windows.Forms.MainMenu, System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem, and System.Windows.Forms.ContextMenu classes. You cannot create an instance of this class. The menus for an application consist of System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem objects. These can contain other System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem objects, representing submenu items. The System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem objects can be stored in a System.Windows.Forms.MainMenu for display as an entire menu structure for a form or a System.Windows.Forms.ContextMenu that is used to display shortcut menus. This class provides functionality that is common for all the menu classes.
Unlike many base classes, the System.Windows.Forms.Menu class uses its derived classes to define many of its properties. If you are using your menu in a multiple-document interface (MDI) application, you can use the Menu.MdiListItem property to specify a System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem that displays a list of open MDI child forms in your application. The Menu.MenuItems property contains a list of System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem objects stored in the menu class. For a System.Windows.Forms.MainMenu or System.Windows.Forms.ContextMenu, this property contains all the System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem objects that are displayed. For a System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem, the Menu.MenuItems property represents the submenu items associated with it.
In addition to the properties that are provided for all the derived menu classes, the System.Windows.Forms.Menu class also provides methods, such as Menu.CloneMenu(Menu) and Menu.MergeMenu(Menu), that enable you to create new menus from existing menus, and also merge two menu structures together.
The System.Windows.Forms.Menu class also defines the nested class System.Windows.Forms.Menu.MenuItemCollection. This class defines the collection of System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem objects used by the Menu.MenuItems property. You can use the methods of the System.Windows.Forms.Menu.MenuItemCollection class to add and remove menu items from a System.Windows.Forms.MainMenu, System.Windows.Forms.ContextMenu, or System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem.
Requirements
Namespace: System.Windows.Forms
Assembly: System.Windows.Forms (in System.Windows.Forms.dll)
Assembly Versions: 1.0.5000.0, 2.0.0.0 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Any Video Converter
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Home > How-To > Convert Multiple PNG to GIF
How to Easily Convert Multiple PNG Files to GIFs
With the increasing popularity of virtual communications and the rise of social media platforms, more and more people are using images as part of their conversations and messages. It is essential to know how to convert images from one file format to another to best suit your needs. One such conversion is converting PNGs to GIFs. In this article, you will get everything you want to know about this conversion, from how to convert single or multiple PNGs to GIFs, the benefits of doing this conversion to the most frequently asked questions about converting PNGs to GIFs.
multiple png to gif
Part 1: Benefits of Converting PNG to GIF
Converting PNGs to GIFs can be beneficial for a variety of reasons. The main benefit of converting PNG to GIF is that the file size is much smaller. Since the GIF format supports only 8-bit color depths, it can compress the image file size significantly. This means that the file size of a GIF will be much smaller than that of a PNG.
Another benefit of converting PNG to GIF is that the GIF format is much more versatile. GIFs can be used for creating simple animations, which can be beneficial if you want to convey a message or emotion in a more dynamic way. GIFs can also be used for creating banners, logos, and icons.
The final benefit of converting PNG to GIF is that GIFs are supported by almost all web browsers. This means that you don’t have to worry about compatibility issues when converting a PNG to a GIF.
Part 2: Step-by-step Guide to Convert Multiple PNGs to GIFs
To convert multiple PNGs to GIFs without much effort, you will need a helpful and effective converter to do so. Among the kinds of tools available on the market, Any Video Converter is one of the best choices. It is a 100% free and feature-rich converter that supports making GIFs from videos and images, converting videos to any other formats, downloading videos from many popular websites, trimming, cropping, and merging videos, etc. With Any Video Converter, you can do the PNG to GIF conversion in just four steps.
Features of Any Video Converter
• Convert videos or images to GIFs
• Convert videos between any formats freely.
• Download videos and music from 100+ sites.
• Cut or trim a video into segments
• Crop video file to delete unwanted portions
• Merge multiple clips into one video
• Adjust audio volume and add audio effects
any video converter
Steps to Convert PNG to GIF with Any Video Converter
Step 1
Install Any Video Converter
Download and launch Any Video Converter.
download any video converter
Step 2
Upload PNG Images to GIF Maker
Click the GIF Maker and upload PNG images. If there are still images that need to be uploaded later, you can add them by clicking the plus button next to the progress bar and delete them at any time.
add or delete images
Step 3
Edit PNG Images
If you want to make interesting motion pictures using multiple images, you can set the duration of each image to make it more natural. Click on the image to be edited, then move the cursor to the edge of the box of the image to be edited until a white double arrow mark appears. Drag it left and right to adjust its duration.
adjust duration
You can also make the GIF more attractive by changing the size, speed, and back color of the GIF, rotating, flipping it, and adding text.
aded effect to gif
Step 4
Stat PNG to GIF Conversion
Click the Start button to begin the PNG to GIF conversion. You can check all your editions and conversion in the History section.
start conversion
Part 3: FAQs on Converting PNGs to GIFs
In this section, you will get the answer to the most frequently asked questions about converting PNGs to GIFs.
Q1: What is the difference between APNG and GIF?
Animated Portable Network Graphics (APNG) and Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) are two of the most popular formats used to store raster graphics. Both APNG and GIF support animation, but they are not interchangeable: they have different capabilities and use cases. APNG was developed as an alternative to GIF which allows for smoother animations with fewer artifacts, but it is not as widely supported.
Q2: What is the best method to convert a PNG to a GIF?
The best method to convert a PNG to a GIF depends on your needs. If you need to quickly convert multiple PNG files to GIFs quickly and easily and make more advanced edits to the image before converting it to a GIF, then using Any Video Converter is the best option.
Q3: Can I convert multiple PNGs to GIFs at once?
Yes, you can convert multiple PNGs to GIFs at once. Any Video Converter supports converting multiple PNGs or multiple images in other formats to GIF, as well as doing the video to GIF conversion.
Conclusion
Not only videos can be used to make GIFs, PNG images, or even live photos can also be converted to animated GIFs. Among the kinds of GIF converters, Any Video Converter is the one that is highly recommended. Its rich integration features allow for solving multiple video format conversion GIF conversion or editing problems without having to download multiple software. Why not give it a try, it won't cost you anything.
recommend Highly Recommended | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Arduino Boards Control Cheap Clockworks Via Coil Injection
Here’s a couple of clocks that use Arduino boards to control inexpensive clockworks. The concept is quite simple, and perhaps best outlined by [Matt Mets’] article on the subject. As it turns out, these clockworks are driven by a coil, forming a device that is quite similar to a stepper motor. If you solder a wire onto each end of the electromagnetic coil and hook those to a microcontroller, you can alter the speed at which the clock ticks. Just drive one pin high and the other low, then reverse the polarity for the next tick.
The clock you see on the right (translated) is a store-bought cheapy. The Arduino barely visible at the bottom of the image is sending pulses once every second. But as you can see in the video after the break, holding down a button will fast-forward through time. [Sodanam] posted his code as well as pictures of the hardware hack itself.
To the left is a horse of a different color. It’s a clock modeled after the Weasley household clock from the Harry Potter books. The clockwork trick is the same, but the Arduino uses GPS data and NOAA weather information to set the status.
[Thanks Infernoz and Michael]
23 thoughts on “Arduino Boards Control Cheap Clockworks Via Coil Injection
1. I love it! The first thing that comes to mind is making any clock into a sidereal clock for astronomy buffs. You could have a clock whose hour hand points toward the current position of the moon. Lotsa possibility here!
1. Sweet!
WWVB is out, and not getting any easier to receive and decode properly nowadays on account of the radio noise, especially if you live in a city.
I’d rather use a GPS: that would make a very, very, very precise clock.
2. I originally started one as a weather condition meter.. it would pull the current conditions and point to “cloudy”. I needed it because i worked in a basement and kept getting surpised with snow in the winter.
Tons of possibilities. I was thinking it would be cool for a bug counter.
3. First idea that came to me after reading this article: make a clock, where each tick has a random jitter but still keeps the time. Now this could be an annoing clock, if you have loud one.
1. Heh, I did this with a Forebrain microcontroller board. It introduces a random jigger of up to half a second. The result you wouldn’t normally notice during the day, but my god don’t try to sleep with it in your room – it will cause you to sleep uneasily and randomly wake up during the night.
2. BTW, time was kept by resoldering the original wires that drive the coils to a GPIO pin on the microcontroller, allowing you to re-read in the correct number of ticks, and use that to adjust the tick rate to keep time just as well as the original unmodified clock.
3. Oh yeah, I should also mention that the clock’s winding is essentially a single pole motor, and you can cause the clock to tick backwards if you adjust the tick timings!
On second thoughts, I think I will post an instructable
1. I’m curious to know: What the point would be of introducing random jitter into an analog clock?
Only thing I can think of is for a practical joke – which would be perfectly legitimate! :-)
2. It was inspired by Terry Pratchett’s Discworld series books, in which one Lord Vetinari had a clock with a slightly random jitter that was used to great effect unnerving the people meeting him in his office. From Wikipedia: “Lord Vetinari also has a strange clock in his waiting-room. While it does keep completely accurate time overall, it sometimes ticks and tocks out of sync (example: “tick, tock… ticktocktick, tock…”) and occasionally misses a tick or tock altogether, which has the net effect of turning one’s brain “into a sort of porridge”. (Feet of Clay, Going Postal). In Feet of Clay Vimes observes that it must have cost him quite a lot of money.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havelock_Vetinari
4. Has anyone considered using a cheap watch mechanism as a DIY servo?
It seems that when they are made the shaped metal core where the rotor sits is polarised in one direction to introduce a directional bias.
This is how the “reversed clock” trick works, you swap the piece over so it is upside-down.
The trick here would be to degauss just the metal part then apply a constant low level DC current to the drive coil in either one direction or the other to set the direction of rotation.
If anyone uses this please let me know, I’d be interested to hear what cool projects you have in mind… mailto testing_h at yahoo dot com
5. I tried this once. No matter what I did, the clock would gain or lose a few seconds every day or so. My rig had a bi-polar coil driver and was disciplined by a GPS receiver’s PPS output. I tried a lot of different variations on the driver circuitry – but the clock would still drift a little.
Leave a Reply
This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hey all,
Some rows of a single table in a database that I administer manage to have gone missing. Not that big of a problem: I have a backup.
The issue is that there has been more information added since the old data was lost, so I can't do a wholesale replacement. I've isolated the range of rows that were removed based on the primary key, but I'm not sure about the rest of the steps:
1) Export the rows based on the unique row id number;
2) Re-import the old rows without disturbing the new data.
Anyone have some wisdom for me?
Many thanks,
Ian
Recommended Answers
It all dependes. Does your table has relations to other tables? Is the primary key used as a foreign key elsewhere? Do you have orphaned records in relations?
If all this is no problem, the easiest way would be this:
Restore the backup table in a backup database (here called …
Jump to Post
All 2 Replies
It all dependes. Does your table has relations to other tables? Is the primary key used as a foreign key elsewhere? Do you have orphaned records in relations?
If all this is no problem, the easiest way would be this:
Restore the backup table in a backup database (here called backup).
Then
insert ignore into mytable
select * from `backup`.mytable;
That way no new information will be overwritten, and all lost records will be restored.
Hey smatscheff,
This looks like it'll do the trick. I'll run it now on a test DB and see how that works out. Many thanks for your advice. I'll mark this solved as soon as I get the records copied over.
Be a part of the DaniWeb community
We're a friendly, industry-focused community of 1.20 million developers, IT pros, digital marketers, and technology enthusiasts learning and sharing knowledge. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
@ARTICLE{10.3389/fped.2019.00345, AUTHOR={Sanchis-Moysi, Joaquín and Serrano-Sánchez, José Antonio and González-Henríquez, Juan José and Calbet, José A. L. and Dorado, Cecilia}, TITLE={Greater Reduction in Abdominal Than in Upper Arms Subcutaneous Fat in 10- to 12-Year-Old Tennis Players: A Volumetric MRI Study}, JOURNAL={Frontiers in Pediatrics}, VOLUME={7}, PAGES={345}, YEAR={2019}, URL={https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2019.00345}, DOI={10.3389/fped.2019.00345}, ISSN={2296-2360}, ABSTRACT={Background: Little is known about the impact of long term participation in sports and subcutaneous fat volume in children. This study aimed at determining whether tennis participation is associated with lower subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (SATv) in the abdominal and upper extremities in children.Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to determine the SATv stored in the abdominal region and upper arms in seven tennis players and seven inactive children matched by height and age (147 cm and 10.9 years). All participants were in Tanner stage 1 or 2.Results: Playing tennis was associated with 48% (P = 0.001) lower abdominal SATv and 17–18% (P > 0.05) lower upper arms SATv compared to controls. The ratio between abdominal/upper arms SATv was larger in the controls vs. tennis players (69% P = 0.001). The SATv was similar in the dominant and non-dominant arm within each group.Conclusion: Playing tennis during childhood is associated with reduced SATv in the abdominal region and a more favorable regional distribution of fat. Despite the large amount of contractile activity of the playing (dominant) arm, there was no indication of between-arms differences in SATv.} } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Ghulam Ali Khan
Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 12 April 2021 and 26 May 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): April.k0ala. Peer reviewers: Rizing153rose, Melinasr.
Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 21:47, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
Potential sources to add to bibliography
Archer, Mildred (1982). "London. 'Company Painting' at Eyre & Hobhouse". The Burlington Magazine. 124 (951): 372–374. ISSN 0007-6287.[1]
Cummins, Joan (2021-04-12), "Epilogue: Manuscript Painting in the Colonial Period", Indian Painting from Cave Temples to the Colonial Period, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, ISBN 978-0-300-26051-9, retrieved 2021-04-21. [2]
Dadlani, Chanchal B. (2019-08-12), "Chapter 5: Mughal Architecture Between Manuscript and Print Culture", From Stone to Paper: Architecture as History in the Late Mughal Empire, Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-25096-1, retrieved 2021-04-21[3]
Paliwal, Amita (2014). "ZAFAR MAHAL: EXPLORING THE HISTORY OF LATE MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 75: 1081–1089. ISSN 2249-1937.[4]
Seyller, John (1997). "The Inspection and Valuation of Manuscripts in the Imperial Mughal Library". Artibus Asiae. 57 (3/4): 243–349. doi:10.2307/3249930. ISSN 0004-3648.[5]
--April.k0ala (talk) 20:52, 21 April 2021 (UTC)
Proposed Changes
I plan to reorganize the subsections into "Early Life" and "Career." Under "Career" there will be two subtitles "Painting Members of the Mughal Court" and "Painting Beyond the Mughal Court." The latter title will include info on Khan's patrons from the East India Company as well as regional courts. --April.k0ala (talk) 13:02, 21 May 2021 (UTC)
Wiki Education assignment: Islamic Arts of the Book
— Assignment last updated by TroublingMoo (talk) 17:07, 8 February 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Arminell, a social romance (1896).djvu/455
Rh purses, pulling out drawers, boring holes in casks, in the hopes of letting out secrets. We suspect our acquaintance and "visit" their goods, as if we were custom-house officers in search of what is contraband. We know that they have a forbidden secret somewhere, and we search and probe everywhere to discover it.
There are mice everywhere; if we hold our breath and remain still for two minutes we can hear them scratching and squeaking; and there are secrets everywhere, behind the wainscot, under the floor, in the cupboard. Once I knew of a nest of mice in a gentleman's boot, and once in a lady's muff; and secrets nest and breed in quite as extraordinary places—in a pocket, in a bunch of flowers, in envelopes, under pillows.
Æsop tells of a beautiful cat that was transformed into a woman, but this woman could never forget her feline instinct to run after a mouse. A great many ladies I know have the same feline instinct to spring out of bed, up from their sofas, to make a dart after a secret, if they hear but the slightest footsteps, see but a whisker. I do not blame them. Men are sportsmen, why should not women be mousers? We find pleasure in starting a hare, why should not a woman find as much in starting a couching secret?
I do not blame them for their love of sport, but for what they do with their game when it is caught. We bag ours, they let theirs run. Samson did the same. He caught foxes and tied firebrands to their tails and sent them into the standing corn of the Philistines. Our secret-hunters, when they have caught their game, tie brimstone matches to their tails and send them among the stores of their neighbours.
I do not believe in the possibility of concealing secrets, and therefore never try to keep them. As for pursuing a secret when once out, that is labour in vain, it changes form, it doubles, it dives, it has as many artifices as a | WIKI |
Evolution of Minecraft and Bukkit in the last few years
Discussion in 'Bukkit Discussion' started by Flyyverse, Jul 13, 2015.
Thread Status:
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1. Offline
Flyyverse
Hey guys,
it has been a few years since I last played Minecraft. I've found myself playing again today, and was wondering, what exactly changed? I guess there have to be quite a lot of things. Also, the same question goes for the "Bukkit-World" (Bukkit in general, ...) and simply "Multiplayer Minecraft". Could someone maybe give me a brief explanation (If any of you got time I'm completely fine with a long explanation) of what changed, et cetera?
All that time ago I also loved to create plug-ins for Bukkit-Servers; I guess this scene is still active, and has also changed? Could someone give me some technical insight here?
So I guess my questions are:
- Changes/History of general minecraft, in terms of gameplay
- Technical Insight in the "evolution" of bukkit
- Changes in the "general playstyle" of the multiplayer community (I found A LOT of minigames servers when I scrolled through a few serverlists an hour ago)
Thanks in advance.
Kind regards,
Flyverse
2. Offline
pookeythekid
@Flyyverse
Changes in general MC: Since a year ago I'm pretty sure Minecraft went from mid-1.6 to 1.8. Or something like that. At the moment I seriously blank out on important things about 1.7--I know there's new flowers for every dye--and 1.8 has to do with bunnies, underwater castles, and I think a couple new potions. I really don't know what back-end stuff changed except a bunch of recent 1.8.x updates were for "security fixes."
That's game stuff, though. With servers and stuff, there was a bunch of drama about the enforcement of Mojang's EULA, which if you didn't already know states that people can't make money off of Mojang's product. Mojang was nice about this though, and gave server owners the opportunity to keep donations flowing by telling them that perks must be "purely cosmetic." (Hub gadgets, pets, disguises, etc.) I'll bet less than 30% of servers actually tried to comply, though that smaller number included the big servers like Hypixel... well I can only speak for Hypixel because that's the only large server I play on. :p
And lastly there's Microsoft buying Mojang. As far as I'm aware, Mojang is still running mostly how it did before. I'm not on top of Mojang news, so I wouldn't know of many unpopular announcements made, but apparently nothing's been big enough to reach me yet. Still no one knows why Microsoft bought a game that already reached peak sales.
"Evolution" of Bukkit: I can really only call myself an active Bukkit member for the past two years, at least for that time before The Bukkit Crash (as I now like to call it). I'll do my best to bring you up to speed based on what I do know. That knowledge would include the 1.7 update. Apparently Mojang changed so much NMS code that the Bukkit dev team had a super hard time updating CraftBukkit to work with 1.7. When Spigot was the first to release a very broken (but somehow operable) 1.7 build, every server in the Bukkit community flocked over to using that, desperate for something to use while they waited for the Bukkit team to release something. Eventually they did, though, and everything was all happy after that. Until... (dun dun dun!)
Perhaps you heard a little something about the DMCA madness that set the community ablaze. I'll put this in the simplest possible terms I can, for more information there are literally thousands of other posts to read in the forum history. Wolvereness, a great developer of CraftBukkit (I have no idea how much of Bukkit API he developed), one day decided to issue a DMCA against CB, which closed down distribution until licensing issues were solved. From what I've learned (I've done a whole lot of reading...), the simplest way for it to happen was for Mojang to release their Minecraft Server code as open-source, which will probably never happen.
So while CraftBukkit was down, the Bukkit community going into shock, Spigot decides to come to the rescue again. They find some kind of clever way to blow right through the DMCA* and start distributing CB again with (I heard) some rewritten stuff. Most of it, though, had to do with their giving you a handy BuildTools.jar to download and run, which downloads one part of CraftBukkit (I think NMS) from one place, another part of CB (I believe the API and stuff) from another place, and it compiles the two right there on your computer for a ready-to-go CraftBukkit 1.8 build.
Meanwhile, the moment chaos struck, a few lifeboat projects sprung to life. The only one which I'm sure came to life after the DMCA is Sponge, though another popular one is Trident (which existed pre-DMCA). I can't really speak for the rest. Last I checked, one of the lead devs for Trident posted a to-do list; I think they're getting close to a stable build, if they haven't already. Sponge also has some builds out, not sure how well they work, though I'm guessing they're alright based on the little I've read. I believe most of the Bukkit community has split off into these two and Spigot (for those who weren't already at Spigot).
* Lots of people strongly disagree with Spigot's methods of practically ignoring the DMCA. One would argue that the finish product, a working CraftBukkit 1.8 build, is the exact same thing as simply putting it online to download as a whole. In other words, buying a car as a whole, or having the parts shipped to you and watching a mechanic put them together for you--they're both the same thing in the end result.
The multiplayer community: I know I must not be helping too greatly every time I say I can't give some information, and this is another case. I'm not aware how much the multiplayer community changed, if very much at all. For the past couple years and a half I've either buried myself into my own server, or buried myself into my favorite capture the flag server. I do know, however, that minigames are currently all the rave for some Minecrafting kids looking for a good time; I wasn't aware that this was a semi-recent fact.
Anyway, I really appreciate that you don't mind long answers, because... well you get it. :D
Happy to answer for you.
3. Minecraft has changed from its original form if you look at the majority of servers. I have seen 30 servers in the past month that have the exact same plugins, goal, etc. It has changed for the worse.
Servers nowadays are frequently Factions, because Factions is easy to set up- just install, add kits, add a spawn. But with today's kinds of servers, with their usual kits and plugins, you can find that Factions is actually quite dull and has lost creativity. All you do is build an obsidian base, raid someone else's, get raided, rinse and repeat. The majority of servers are like this now. Factions used to be rarer and was more exiting- design, strategy, and politics were involved, which was actually the initial goal of Factions. With today's competition there is no room for creativity, you must build in the obsidian box in most places, and not waste time on other things because people will likely destroy it. Despite all this, there are still many Pay-To-Win beat 'em up PvP Factions servers out there, and the players are still ignorant of this.
Bukkit in my mind hasn't changed very much, which is a good thing. It has a good community on bukkit.org, and people just make really crazy & amazing stuff from a pile of code.
pookeythekid likes this.
4. Offline
mbaxter ʇıʞʞnq ɐ sɐɥ ı Retired Staff
Clarifying on misinformation:
1.7 contained massive internal changes. It took us around a month, and took other projects much longer.
Spigot did not create a 1.7 build. They created a "protocol hack" that allowed users of 1.7 to connect to 1.6 servers. All Spigot did for 1.7 actual was spend a few minutes updating their minor changes to our 1.7 code once we released it, followed by asking for donations for all their "hard work."
Their "clever way" is called "simply ignoring the DMCA takedown" and hiding behind CloudFlare. They didn't rewrite our code, they continue to distribute exactly what received a DMCA takedown on GitHub.
My favorite part of this mess was when Spigot requested the community give them with money to pay for lawyers so they could submit a proper legal response to the DMCA takedown request, as you are supposed to do. They then proceeded to... not submit any counter notice. I can only speculate where the money went.
Please do not refer to their builds as CraftBukkit. It's Spigot, plain and simple. Calling it ours is misleading. We produced a quality product we were proud of, and called it CraftBukkit. We never released a 1.8 build, and what folks are using is not ours. Underneath their modifications is the code I love, but it's not my release, and I receive none of the money they so readily accept over there.
MisterErwin likes this.
5. Offline
Tecno_Wizard
@mbaxter, couldn't have said it better myself. Spigot is not this great product. It's the equivalence of buying a pair of beats for $200 when the work put into it is worth $16 (actual numbers BTW). Then they ask you to donate to the cause. They are just theives of the Bukkit team's work whether they will admit it or not. The TridentSDK is the true predecessor to Bukkit. Btw, they released an alpha build today. Go give them a hand in debugging if you can.
6. Offline
pookeythekid
@mbaxter Thank you very much. That explains things better than my original words.
Cool! I'll go check it out.
7. Offline
asofold
The protocol hack thing was an experimental way of trying to bridge the phase until a full update, call it risky to use, but it's no way ridiculous, rather smart, without doubt they did some work. Considering the amount of work the Bukkit team put in, it probably is odd that the Bukkit project has not been receiving decent amounts of money. Just complaining about them having a much less work in total man-hours won't be convincing, the projects have been quite a bit different in the way they were run and also concerning the involved manpower, after all the amount of changes the Spigot team has worked into their thing is by no means minor.
The CloudFlare part helped them against DDOS! You're not telling me they have to expose their project to random haters better? As far as i remember, they did not at all ignore the DMCA, their code repositories and Jenkins had been taken down, so far for the DMCA. Then they released a patching tool for applying their changes to an existing server jar, which you needed to have acquired in time to run the patching tool. That's all safe ands sound, it's just not very convenient to use or contribute to. They also did not distribute DMCA'd content, that's actually not correct.
Money went to legal advice on how to proceed - they did proceed and seem to be in a valid state now.
Using Spigot means using Spigot of course. They do have about the only working continuation of the CraftBukkit part of the Bukkit project, though.
Edit: The interesting part should be what the evolution lead to, though.
Last edited: Jul 16, 2015
8. Offline
Tecno_Wizard
They don't beg like Spigot does. For goodness sakes their homepage has a donate link in the sidebar and it's not really hidden and out of the way.
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Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Entertainment/May 2023
= May 1 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 1
* 1) Is it possible or not?
= May 2 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 2
* 1) Khakee 2004 & Insan 2005
* 2) Quality of grid in cryptic crosswords
= May 3 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 3
* 1) Highest grossing nightclubs in the United States by revenue, post 2015
= May 5 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 5
* 1) Comics website like IMDB for movies
= May 6 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 6
* 1) Buffy's fire
* 2) staying dead the Marvel way
= May 10 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 10
* 1) Kilwinning Eglinton Football Club
= May 12 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 12
* 1) Is this song out-of-tune or something?
* 2) Australian Football League solvency
= May 14 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 14
* 1) Star Wars: Palpatine a clone?
= May 17 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 17
* 1) Orchestra dress codes
= May 18 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 18
* 1) Rerun of Waterloo Road?
= May 19 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 19
* 1) Hours
= May 21 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 21
* 1) Organizing movies
= May 22 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 22
* 1) Lost Dog Morning Cartoon
= May 23 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 23
* 1) Rating of clans in the game World in Conflict
= May 24 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 24
* 1) Movie rating system
* 2) Name for a film technique
= May 28 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 28
* 1) New Grumpy Cat?
* 2) Ayr Bruins
= May 31 = Reference_desk/Archives/Entertainment/2023 May 31
* 1) Predator
* 2) Tazuni | WIKI |
My R Take on Advent of Code – Day 3
[This article was first published on r-tastic, and kindly contributed to R-bloggers]. (You can report issue about the content on this page here)
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Ho, ho, ho, Happy Chris.. New Year? Between eating the sea of fish (as the Polish tradition requires), assembling doll houses and designing a new kitchen, I finally managed to publish the third post on My R take on Advent of Code. To keep things short and sweet, here’s the original challenge:
Each Elf has made a claim about which area of fabric would be ideal for Santa’s suit. All claims have an ID and consist of a single rectangle with edges parallel to the edges of the fabric. Each claim’s rectangle is defined as follows: The number of inches between the left edge of the fabric and the left edge of the rectangle. The number of inches between the top edge of the fabric and the top edge of the rectangle. The width of the rectangle in inches. The height of the rectangle in inches. A claim like #123 @ 3,2: 5×4 means that claim ID 123 specifies a rectangle 3 inches from the left edge, 2 inches from the top edge, 5 inches wide, and 4 inches tall. Visually, it claims the square inches of fabric represented by # (and ignores the square inches of fabric represented by .) in the diagram below:
………..
………..
…#####…
…#####…
…#####…
…#####…
………..
………..
………..
The problem is that many of the claims overlap, causing two or more claims to cover part of the same areas. For example, consider the following claims:
#1 @ 1,3: 4×4
#2 @ 3,1: 4×4
#3 @ 5,5: 2×2
Visually, these claim the following areas:
……..
…2222.
…2222.
.11XX22.
.11XX22.
.111133.
.111133.
……..
The four square inches marked with X are claimed by both 1 and 2. (Claim 3, while adjacent to the others, does not overlap either of them.). If the Elves all proceed with their own plans, none of them will have enough fabric. How many square inches of fabric are within two or more claims?
This is interesting! let’s load tidyverse and have a quick look at the data:
library(tidyverse)
raw_input <- read.delim('day3-raw-input.txt', header = FALSE)
head(raw_input)
## V1
## 1 #1 @ 850,301: 23x12
## 2 #2 @ 898,245: 15x10
## 3 #3 @ 8,408: 12x27
## 4 #4 @ 532,184: 16x13
## 5 #5 @ 550,829: 11x10
## 6 #6 @ 656,906: 13x12
Ha! It looks like we need to first extract each dimension from the original input - easy-peasy with a little bit of regex and parse_number:
# separate and clean dimension figures
clean_input <- raw_input %>%
rename(input = V1) %>%
mutate(ID = str_extract(input, '#[:digit:]+'), # extract ID
from_left_edge = str_extract(input, '@..?[:digit:]+\\,'), # extract right squares
from_top_endge = str_extract(input, '\\,[:digit:]+\\:'), # extract top square
width = str_extract(input, '[:digit:]+x'), # extract left dimension
height = str_extract(input, 'x[:digit:]+')# extract right dimension
) %>%
mutate_if(is.character, readr::parse_number) # extract numbers
head(clean_input, 10)
## input ID from_left_edge from_top_endge width height
## 1 #1 @ 850,301: 23x12 1 850 301 23 12
## 2 #2 @ 898,245: 15x10 2 898 245 15 10
## 3 #3 @ 8,408: 12x27 3 8 408 12 27
## 4 #4 @ 532,184: 16x13 4 532 184 16 13
## 5 #5 @ 550,829: 11x10 5 550 829 11 10
## 6 #6 @ 656,906: 13x12 6 656 906 13 12
## 7 #7 @ 489,357: 24x23 7 489 357 24 23
## 8 #8 @ 529,898: 12x19 8 529 898 12 19
## 9 #9 @ 660,201: 19x28 9 660 201 19 28
## 10 #10 @ 524,14: 21x27 10 524 14 21 27
Now that we have the dimensions, how do we go about determining the overlap? My idea was to, for each claim, create a series of ‘coordinates’ where the digit before a dot indicates the position from the left edge and the second number the position from the top edge. Overlapping squares from different samples would have the same ‘coordinates’.
Right, but how to do it in R? this is where outer function comes in handy. Let’s take the first example:
# first example
#1 @ 1,3: 4x4
from_left_edge <- 1
width <- 4
from_top_endge <- 3
height <- 4
# create a series of coordinates per set of dimensions
dims <- as.vector(outer(from_left_edge + 1:width,
from_top_endge + 1:height,
paste, sep = '.'))
sort(dims)
## [1] "2.4" "2.5" "2.6" "2.7" "3.4" "3.5" "3.6" "3.7" "4.4" "4.5" "4.6"
## [12] "4.7" "5.4" "5.5" "5.6" "5.7"
Neat! Now, let’s wrap it up in a function and apply it to the challenge dataset:
#function that creates coordicates for squares occupied by each claim
get_dimensions <- function(from_left_edge,
width,
from_top_endge,
height
) {
dims <- as.vector(outer(from_left_edge + 1:width,
from_top_endge + 1:height,
paste, sep = '.'))
return(dims)
}
## apply the function to the challenge dataset
final_list <- pmap(list(from_left_edge = clean_input$from_left_edge,
width = clean_input$width,
from_top_endge = clean_input$from_top_endge,
height = clean_input$height),
get_dimensions)
# a list of 'coordinates' for the first claim
head(final_list[[1]])
## [1] "851.302" "852.302" "853.302" "854.302" "855.302" "856.302"
Now, let’s calculate the number of those coordiates that appear more than once in our list, which will give us the final solution to the Day 3 Puzzle:
## final solution
final_list%>%
unlist() %>%
table() %>% # get counts per coordinate
as_tibble() %>% # put it in usable format
filter(n > 1) %>%
nrow()
## [1] 113576
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Talk:Ariel Pink
Pronouns
Given the recent spat of edits-reverts over Pink's pronouns, I think it would be good to move discussion to the talk page. Pink's twitter bio now gives she/them, and I'd say in absence of any indicators that it's a joke (as far as I can tell) and reliable sources on the topic, we should default to MOS:ID and take them at their word. It should be noted that Pink historically doesn't have an exactly uncomplicated relationship to their gender identity. In any case, I'd rather end up with egg on my face over a poorly thought out twitter prank, than misgender a trans person. Thanks, Tenpop421 (talk) 19:42, 27 March 2022 (UTC)
* The only other word about pronouns on their Twitter is a joke about Antifa. On Facebook, he still has his gender set as "male", as well as his religion as "Jewish", even though he states in interviews that he does not practice Judaism. IMO it's way too soon, and social media bios shouldn't be treated as reliable sources in this case. Note that his Twitter avatar is a photo of himself processed through some "make yourself look female" phone app. ili (talk) 20:16, 27 March 2022 (UTC)
* Alright, the Twitter avatar thing does it for me. Best to wait and see. Thanks, Tenpop421 (talk) 20:30, 27 March 2022 (UTC)
This article is being manipulated to remove all references to January 6
He was dropped from his label and ostracized from most of the industry because he attended the rally at the White House on January 6, 2021, and he admits as much in every interview since (example: https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/death-of-pink-ariel-pink ) -- so why are editors brigading against the inclusion of this information? A peek at the edit history of this article makes it clear that every time someone tries to include this information, random IP-editors virulently remove it and defend him in the edit logs. The words "January 6" are mentioned not once anywhere in the current revision of the article, which is even more egregious given that has 'Good Article' status... Criticalus (talk) 08:13, 28 June 2023 (UTC)
Tabloid content, notability
as a thoughtful and kind hearted deletionist, i found it necessary to trim this interesting and notable person's page back to within the scope of an encyclopedia, and away from tabloid content.
some may disagree. I'm leaving in the sources, so that persons interested in learning more, before the book comes out, can easily access the same important content. have a wikipedia day, That'sHedley (talk) 01:56, 14 October 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Translating a dose-based instruction into a list of suitable product-based instructions
Background
When a prescriber uses a dose-based instruction (using a VTM), it will always need to be translated into a product-based instruction (using a VMP or AMP) to be supplied or dispensed. Today, this is a highly manual process performed by a clincian. For example;
A hospital pharmacist would translate dose-based orders coming from the ward into a products that is both in-stock and suitable to meet the patients’ needs.
A GP would translate dose-based medication requests within a discharge letter into product-based repeat prescriptions.
Translation Process
IMPORTANT - The process described here is to create a suitable short list of products to fulfil the medication request. It is not intended to identify a single product. A local implementation may choose to further filter the list of products on factors like local availability (stock), local formulary or cost. The order of products listed may also be locally condfigured to promote or demote products based on licensing status or local needs such as paediatric use.
The translation process requires the use of the NHS Dictionary of Medicines and Devices (dm+d) plus a mapping table for UCUM units of measure that use different terms than dm+d. For example; gram is a dm+d unit of measure with g is the equivalant within UCUM, and UCUM spells liter differently to the dm+d litre.
Step 1 - Get child VMPs of the VTM
VMP’s flagged within dm+d as invalid or where actual products are not available must be ignored.
Where the dose-based instruction specifies a coded Route or coded Form then these are used in the query to return only VMPs for the given route and/or form.
In pseudo-code;
return vmp's
where parent_vtm = {vtm_id}
and vmp is valid
and vmp has actual products available
and vmp_form = {form_id} (if specified)
and vmp_route = {route_id} (if specified)
Step 2 - Calculate the required quantity of each VMP to fulfil the requested dose
Take the dose from the doseQuantity or doseRange.low structures. This will be a combination of a quantity and a coded unit of measure. If the unit of measure is using a UCUM unit then the SNOMED code needs to be looked-up from dm+d. This is where the addition mapping table applies.
Each VMP contains strength information for the active ingredients. It would not be expected to use a dose-based prescription for combination drugs (e.g. anything beginning “co-“) nor any VTM where some associated products contained multiple ingredents (e.g. Phosphate). In such cases translation from dose to products is not possible.
The strength of the ingredient may need to be converted into the same units as the requested dose for comparision purposes. For example, if the requested dose is 1gram but the VMP ingredient is expressed as 500mg then it would need to be converted into 0.5gram to calculate that the VMP is half the required strength. Whilst most dosage instructions would be expressed in terms of strength, the same conversion is required for volume (litre, millitre etc.) and length (metre, centimetre, etc.).
With all units of measure expressed in the same scaler terms, the amount of the VMP to fulfil the requested dose can be calculated as; QUANTITY OF VMP = ( REQUESTED DOSE QUANTITY / VMP INGREDIENT STRENGTH ) / VMP UNIT DOSE FORM STRENGTH (where defined for the VMP)
Worked Example
Requested dose-dased instruction = Oxytetracycline DOSE 250 milligram
Product (VMP) Quantity Calculation Unit of Measure
Oxytetracycline 100mg/5ml oral suspension 250/(20/1)=12.5 ml
Oxytetracycline 125mg/5ml oral suspension 250/(25/1)=10 ml
Oxytetracycline 250mg tablets 250/(250)=1/1=1 tablet
Oxytetracycline 250mg/5ml oral suspension 250/(50/)=5 ml
Oxytetracycline 500mg/5ml oral suspension 250/(100/1)=2.5 ml
NB. The VMP Oxytetracycline 250mg tablets has a Unit Dose Form Strength (UDFS) defined of “1 tablet”
Step 3 - Order the list of VMPs in a clinically suitable order
This approach does not include where two or more products of different strengths may be used. For example a dose of 75mg requested and fulfilled by one 50mg product and one 25mg product.
This guidance suggests ordering by least divisibility.
1. Whole products that can fulfil the request are listed above products that may have to be divided.
2. Where the quantity calculated from Step 2 is not divisible by 1, hence the product has to be divided (e.g. 1.5 tablets) then push down the list.
3. Where the quantity calculated from Step 2 is less than 1 (e.g. 0.5 tablets) then push lower in the list.
4. In either case, when a product needs to be divided and if the product has a dose form that is not typically divisable then push even lower in the list.
5. Products containing multiple active ingredents are pushed to the bottom of the list as the translation calculatation is not possible.
Using the above example, the resulting sort order would be;
Product (VMP) Quantity (to fulfil 250 milligrams)
Oxytetracycline 250mg tablets 1 tablet
Oxytetracycline 250mg/5ml oral suspension 5 ml
Oxytetracycline 125mg/5ml oral suspension 10 ml
Oxytetracycline 500mg/5ml oral suspension 2.5 ml
Oxytetracycline 100mg/5ml oral suspension 12.5 ml
A demonstrator and API documentation has been provided by the North of England Commissioning Support Unit which can be used to test and verify this dose-to-product translation logic.
Tags: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Welcome to our article on the electron configuration for the bromide ion. In this section, we will explore the electron arrangement and electronic structure of the bromide ion. Understanding the electron configuration of ions is essential in chemistry as it provides valuable insights into their properties and behavior.
Key Takeaways:
• The electron configuration of the bromide ion is [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6.
• The bromide ion has the same electron configuration as a neutral bromine atom, but with an extra electron.
• The 4th energy level represents the outermost energy level of the bromide ion, where the valence electrons are located.
• The valence electron configuration of the bromide ion is 4s2 3d10 4p6.
• The overall electronic structure of the bromide ion is determined by the distribution of electrons in the 4s, 3d, and 4p orbitals.
Bromide Ion Electron Shells and Orbitals
Understanding the electron shells and orbitals of the bromide ion (Br-) is crucial to comprehend its atomic structure and chemical properties. The electron configuration [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6 indicates the arrangement of electrons in the bromide ion’s energy levels and orbitals.
The outermost energy level of the bromide ion is the 4th energy level, represented by the electron configuration 4s2 3d10 4p6. In this level, the bromide ion’s valence electrons are located. The 4s orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, while the 3d orbital can hold up to 10 electrons, and the 4p orbital can hold up to 6 electrons.
To visualize the distribution of electrons in the bromide ion, we can represent it with a table:
Energy Level Orbital No. of Electrons
4s 1 2
3d 5 10
4p 3 6
This table demonstrates that the bromide ion has 2 electrons in the 4s orbital, 10 electrons in the 3d orbital, and 6 electrons in the 4p orbital. Such distribution of electrons in its orbitals contributes to the unique atomic structure and reactivity of the bromide ion.
Bromide Ion Valence Electron Configuration
The valence electron configuration of the bromide ion is an important aspect of its atomic structure. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom or ion that are involved in chemical reactions. In the case of the bromide ion, its valence electron configuration is represented by the electron notation [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6.
The notation indicates that there are 2 electrons in the 4s orbital, 10 electrons in the 3d orbital, and 6 electrons in the 4p orbital. This distribution of valence electrons gives the bromide ion its unique chemical properties and reactivity. Understanding the valence electron configuration is crucial in predicting how the bromide ion will interact with other elements and compounds in chemical reactions.
“The valence electron configuration of the bromide ion, [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6, provides a foundation for understanding its chemical behavior. The presence of a full outer electron shell gives the bromide ion stability, but its reactivity is influenced by the number and arrangement of valence electrons.”
Valence Electron Distribution in the Bromide Ion
To illustrate the valence electron distribution in the bromide ion, we can break down the electron notation [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6 into its orbital components:
Energy Level Orbital Number of Electrons
4 4s 2
3d 10
3 4p 6
This table shows that the bromide ion has 2 electrons in the 4s orbital, 10 electrons in the 3d orbital, and 6 electrons in the 4p orbital. These valence electrons determine the bromide ion’s chemical behavior and its ability to form bonds with other elements.
Overall Electronic Structure of Bromide Ion
The overall electronic structure of the bromide ion can be summarized by its atomic structure and electron distribution. The bromide ion has an electron configuration of [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6, which indicates the arrangement of electrons in its energy levels, orbitals, and subshells.
The atomic structure of the bromide ion is determined by the distribution of electrons in the 4th energy level, specifically the 4s, 3d, and 4p orbitals. The 4s orbital can hold up to 2 electrons, the 3d orbital can hold up to 10 electrons, and the 4p orbital can hold up to 6 electrons. This distribution gives the bromide ion its unique chemical properties and reactivity.
The electron configuration [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6 indicates that the bromide ion has a full outer electron shell, which is desirable for stability. The additional electron in the 4p orbital completes the valence electron configuration and makes the bromide ion negatively charged. This electron distribution contributes to the bromide ion’s involvement in various chemical reactions and its role in forming compounds.
FAQ
What is the electron configuration of a bromide ion?
The electron configuration of a bromide ion is [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6.
How does the electron configuration of a bromide ion differ from a neutral bromine atom?
The electron configuration of a bromide ion is the same as a neutral bromine atom, but with an extra electron.
What does the notation [Ar] represent in the electron configuration of a bromide ion?
The notation [Ar] represents the electron configuration of the noble gas argon, which consists of a full 3rd energy level (4s2 3d10 4p6).
What does the electron configuration of the bromide ion indicate?
The electron configuration of the bromide ion indicates the arrangement of electrons in its electron shells and orbitals.
Which energy level represents the outermost energy level of the bromide ion?
The 4th energy level (4s2 3d10 4p6) represents the outermost energy level of the bromide ion, where the valence electrons are located.
What is the valence electron configuration of the bromide ion?
The valence electron configuration of the bromide ion is 4s2 3d10 4p6.
What are valence electrons and why are they important?
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom or ion that are involved in chemical reactions.
How is the overall electronic structure of the bromide ion represented?
The overall electronic structure of the bromide ion can be represented by the electron configuration [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6.
What determines the atomic structure of the bromide ion?
The distribution of electrons in the 4th energy level, specifically the 4s, 3d, and 4p orbitals, determines the atomic structure of the bromide ion.
What properties and reactivity does the bromide ion have due to its electron distribution?
The electron distribution in the 4s, 3d, and 4p orbitals gives the bromide ion its unique chemical properties and reactivity.
Similar Posts | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Electoral district of West Bourke
West Bourke (sometimes Bourke West) was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria from 1856 to 1904.
The district of West Bourke was one of the initial districts of the first Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1856.
Boundaries
The boundaries of the district included the Great Dividing Range from the source of the Werribee River to the north-eastern branch of the Saltwater River near Big Hill, then from the Saltwater River to the south-western corner of the parish of Bulla Bulla. The eastern boundary included the source of the Moonee Ponds to Flemington Bridge, then south to the Yarra River, Port Phillip Bay and to the mouth of the Werribee River at its source in the Great Dividing Range.
Members for West Bourke
Two members initially, three from the expansion of 1859. Fewer members after the redistributions of 1877 and 1889. | WIKI |
John Toohey
John Toohey may refer to:
* John Toohey (judge) (1930–2015), Australian judge
* John Toohey (politician) (1839–1903), Australian brewer and politician
* John Toohey (American football), American football player
* John Peter Toohey (1880–1946), American writer and publicist
* John Toohey (bishop) (died 1975), Australian Roman Catholic priest and bishop of Maitland | WIKI |
A pediatric GI doctor explains common causes of stomach pain in children, remedies to help and when to call the doctor
As many parents know, children and stomach aches seem to go hand in hand. Stomach pain in kids can be caused by a variety of common reasons such as eating too much, needing to go to the bathroom, or anxiety or worry about an upcoming event. However, if your child complains of stomach pain frequently, it can be difficult to know the best ways to help and when to call the doctor.
"One of the first questions we ask children is where their stomach hurts," explains Megha S. Mehta, M.D., a pediatric gastroenterologist at Children's Health℠ and Assistant Professor at UT Southwestern. "Location of the pain can help physicians determine what is causing the pain, in addition to other characteristics such as severity of pain, when it occurs, what makes it better or worse and accompanying symptoms."
Learn more about causes of stomach pain in a child, when parents should worry about stomach pain and when a little rest and hydration is all your child may need.
See what could be causing your child's upset stomach.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
UPDATE 1-First Abu Dhabi Bank reports rise in Q4 profit, and impairments
(Adds detail, background) By Saeed Azhar DUBAI, Jan 28 (Reuters) - First Abu Dhabi Bank, the biggest lender in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), reported a 5% rise in quarterly profit due to an increase in non-interest income, but like other rivals also saw a steep jump in impairment charges. UAE lenders are seeing rising bad debt charges as they navigate a property downturn notably in Dubai, which has hit contractors and real estate firms. Emirates NBD saw impairments rise more than three times, partly due to bad debt charges at its newly acquired Turkish unit, DenizBank, while similar charges climbed 48% at Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank. Dubai house prices have fallen by at least a quarter since mid-2014, the peak from its recovery from the 2009 debt crisis, and the end of this latest bout of weakness is not yet near. FAB’s fourth-quarter profit was 3.08 billion dirhams ($838.6 million), up from 2.93 billion dirhams, it said in a statement. Arqaam Capital had a forecast of 3.0 billion dirhams, and EFG Hermes had projected 3.08 billion dirhams. Net impairment charges were offset by a 34% rise in non-interest income, fueled by strong foreign exchange and investment income. FAB said it had a cautious outlook for 2020 due to persistent market uncertainty. Full-year net profit was 12.5 billion dirhams, up 4% from a year earlier, slightly above an estimate of 12.3 billion dirhams by analysts polled by Refintiv. Loans and advances rose 16% year-on-year in 2019, “We are starting off 2020 with a robust capital position, enabling us to support our future growth plans in the UAE and across strategic markets,” said Chairman FAB Sheikh Tahnoon Bin Zayed al-Nahyan in a statement. FAB is in talks to potentially acquire the Egyptian subsidiary of Lebanon’s Bank Audi, Reuters reported on Jan. 22, citing two sources familiar with the matter. Emirates NBD on Monday reported a 15% drop in quarterly net profit, while Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank reported a 16% drop in net profit. ($1 = 3.6728 UAE dirham) (Reporting by Saeed Azhar; Editing by Tom Hogue and Louise Heavens) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Metro Briefing | New York: Manhattan: Washington Sq. Park Design Approved
The City Art Commission approved plans yesterday for a $16 million redesign of Washington Square Park, in which a perimeter fence would be installed and the park's fountain moved. The approval was the final legislative step needed, and construction could start as early as the spring, although some residents have vowed to sue. The plan includes shifting the fountain 22 feet to the east to place it in line with the Washington Arch and Fifth Avenue, and erecting a fence around the park about four feet high. The fence is intended to limit access by dogs and help maintain the park's midnight-to-6 a.m. curfew. TIMOTHY WILLIAMS (NYT) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Public | Automated Build
Last pushed: 5 months ago
Short Description
modified
Full Description
Pritunl as a Docker container
Config (env)
• PRITUNL_DONT_WRITE_CONFIG if set, /etc/pritunl.conf will not be auto-written on container start.
• PRITUNL_DEBUG must be true or false - controls the debug config key.
• PRITUNL_BIND_ADDR must be a valid IP on the host - defaults to 0.0.0.0 - controls the bind_addr config key.
• PRITUNL_PORT must be a valid port for pritunl to listen web to listen on - default to 9700 - controls the port config key.
• PRITUNL_MONGODB_URI URI to mongodb instance, default is starting a local mongodb instance in the container and use that.
Usage
Just build it or pull it from jippi/pritunl. Run it something like this:
docker run \
-d \
--privileged \
-p 1194:1194/udp \
-p 1194:1194/tcp \
-p 9700:9700/tcp \
jippi/pritunl
If you have a mongodb somewhere you'd like to use for this rather than starting the built-in one you can
do so through the PRITUNL_MONGODB_URI env var like this:
docker run \
-d \
--privileged \
-e PRITUNL_MONGODB_URI=mongodb://some-mongo-host:27017/pritunl \
-p 1194:1194/udp \
-p 1194:1194/tcp \
-p 9700:9700/tcp \
jippi/pritunl
Example production usage:
mkdir -p /gluster/docker0/pritunl/{mongodb,pritunl}
docker run \
--name=pritunl \
--detach \
--privileged \
--network=host \
--restart=always \
-v /gluster/docker0/pritunl/mongodb:/var/lib/mongodb \
-v /gluster/docker0/pritunl/pritunl:/var/lib/pritunl \
-v /gluster/docker0/pritunl/pritunl.conf:/etc/pritunl.conf \
jippi/pritunl
Then you can login to your pritunl web ui at https://docker-host-address:9700
Username: pritunl Password: pritunl
I would suggest using docker data volume for persistent storage of pritunl data, something like this:
## create the data volume
docker run \
-v /var/lib/pritunl \
--name=pritunl-data busybox
## use the data volume when starting pritunl
docker run \
--name pritunl \
--privileged \
--volumes-from=pritunl-data \
-e PRITUNL_MONGODB_URI=mongodb://some-mongo-host:27017/pritunl \
-p 1194:1194/udp \
-p 1194:1194/tcp \
-p 9700:9700/tcp \
jippi/pritunl
Then you're on your own, but take a look at http://pritunl.com or https://github.com/pritunl/pritunl
Based on johnae/pritunl
Docker Pull Command
Owner
rxwatcher
Source Repository
Comments (0) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
3 Semiconductor Stocks That Could Help Set You Up for Life
Many semiconductor stocks slumped this year as investors fretted over concerns about slowing sales of PCs and smartphones, the potential overproduction of chips in response to the global chip shortage, and more conservative enterprise spending in a tougher macro environment. Rising interest rates exacerbated that pressure by driving investors away from higher-growth tech stocks.
As a result, the Philadelphia Semiconductor Sector index has declined about 24% this year as the S&P 500 retreated just 12%. However, investors who can tune out the near-term noise should still pick up some semiconductor stocks as the bulls shun the sector -- since the global demand for new chips will likely pick up again and accelerate over the long term.
Image source: Getty Images.
I personally believe these three well-balanced semiconductor stocks are great ways to profit from that secular trend: Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing (NYSE: TSM), which is more commonly known as TSMC, the Dutch semiconductor equipment maker ASML Holding (NASDAQ: ASML), and the diversified American chipmaker Texas Instruments (NASDAQ: TXN).
1. TSMC
TSMC is the largest and most technologically advanced contract chipmaker in the world. Its 5nm and 7nm nodes are currently used to manufacture the world's smallest, densest, and most power-efficient chips for "fabless" chipmakers like Apple, Advanced Micro Devices, Qualcomm, and Nvidia. It plans to start mass producing 3nm chips later this year and move on to 2nm chips by 2025.
TSMC generated 51% of its revenue from its 5nm and 7nm nodes in the second quarter, and that percentage should continue to rise next year. It still generated 38% of its revenue from the smartphone market -- which leaves it exposed to a cyclical downturn in handset sales -- but it's also diluting that concentration by accepting more orders from the HPC (high-performance computing), data center, automotive, and Internet of Things (IoT) markets.
Intel (NASDAQ: INTC) wants to catch up to TSMC in the process race by 2025, but TSMC plans to maintain its lead by boosting its annual capex by $10 billion to $40 billion this year. Even with its forthcoming subsidies from the CHIPS Act, Intel will likely struggle to match TSMC's spending power.
TSMC is bracing for slower near-term growth as the chip sector faces a cyclical slowdown, but its stock is still cheap at 13 times forward earnings and its growth should eventually accelerate again.
2. ASML
TSMC is able to maintain its technological superiority because it started installing ASML's top-tier EUV (extreme ultraviolet) photolithography machines long before Intel and other major foundries.
Photolithography systems are used to etch circuit patterns onto silicon wafers, and ASML is now the industry's market leader. It's also the only producer of EUV systems -- which cost up to $200 million each and are required to manufacture the smallest and densest chips. Its next-gen "high-NA" EUV systems will enable TSMC and other foundries to eventually manufacture chips beyond the 2nm node.
ASML's monopolization of a key chipmaking technology makes it a linchpin of the semiconductor sector and gives it tremendous pricing power. Like TSMC, it expects to experience a near-term slowdown as the market's appetite for new chips wanes.
Yet ASML still expects to generate 24 billion to 30 billion euros ($31 billion) in revenue by 2025 -- based on its "low" and "high" expectations for the chip market -- which implies its top line could grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of up to 13% over the next four years. Its stock isn't cheap at more than 40 times forward earnings, but its market dominance easily justifies that premium valuation.
3. Texas Instruments
Like Intel, Texas Instruments is an integrated device manufacturer (IDM) which manufactures most of its own chips instead of outsourcing them to third-party foundries like TSMC. It also produces most of its chips domestically -- which qualifies it for big subsidies under the CHIPS Act.
However, TI doesn't manufacture high-end chips like Intel or TSMC. Instead, it mainly produces lower-end analog and embedded chips which are used for power management and wireless features. These chips cost less to manufacture than more advanced chips, but they're just as important and widely used by TI's automotive, industrial, personal electronics, communications, and enterprise customers.
TI generates most of its growth from the automotive and industrial markets -- which together accounted for 62% of its revenue last year -- so it isn't heavily exposed to the recent headwinds in the PC and smartphone markets. It's also been upgrading its plants from 200mm to 300mm wafers to reduce the costs of its unpackaged parts by about 40%.
TI's broad diversification, scale, and consistent gross margin expansion enable it to generate plenty of cash for big buybacks and dividends. That's how it reduced its share count by 46% between 2004 and 2021 while raising its dividend annually for 18 straight years. It's also grown its free cash flow per share at an average annual rate of 12% during that same period.
In other words, TI is a great blue-chip stock to buy and hold for investors who simply don't want to worry about all the cyclical headwinds or the ongoing capex wars between the top-tier chipmakers.
10 stocks we like even better than Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing
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Leo Sun has positions in ASML Holding, Apple, and Qualcomm. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends ASML Holding, Advanced Micro Devices, Apple, Intel, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing, and Texas Instruments. The Motley Fool recommends the following options: long January 2023 $57.50 calls on Intel, long March 2023 $120 calls on Apple, short January 2023 $57.50 puts on Intel, and short March 2023 $130 calls on Apple. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Cheesemeister/Sandbox
Available titles
The following is a list of the 169 games available on the Virtual Console for the Wii in North America, sorted by system and in the order they were added in the Wii Shop Channel. To sort by other columns, click the corresponding icon in the header row.
Nintendo Entertainment System
There are currently 51 titles, set at 500 Wii Points each unless otherwise noted.
TurboGrafx-16
* 43 titles
* 600 Wii Points
Upcoming releases
The following is a list of titles that have been announced for the Virtual Console. Nintendo has announced new games and release dates through its press room site. Sega and SNK Playmore have revealed upcoming titles on their sites. Hudson has revealed new titles and release dates through its forums and on its websites. New games are added on Mondays at 12PM ET/9AM PT. | WIKI |
Vim Ch'i
• Calories to Lose Weight Calculator – How Much Should You Be Eating?
What are the benefits of using calories to lose weight calculator? Will it show you how much should you be eating?
December 28, 2015 | Related: ,
0
Calories to Lose Weight Calculator - How Much Should You Be Eating?
Do you need calories to lose weight calculator? Yes, you do. With this tool, you can track, calculate, and make your weight loss journey a no-brainer. It will help you know upfront the number of calories your body needs from protein, carbs, and fat to ensure that you’re getting maximum weight loss results. This will also prevent you from making starvation plans. The result is also tailored to your body.
How much should you be eating?
It depends on your current weight. The computation starts by determining the number of calories that your body burns while at rest. It’s commonly known as the basal metabolic rate.
To know your BMR, you need to determine your current weight in pounds. Then, divide the result by 2.2. This is your weight in kilograms.
After determining your weight, you should take your height in inches and multiply the result by 2.54 so it will be converted to centimeters.
Then, track your protein, carbohydrates and fat intake. Remember that your calorie intake should be 40 percent from protein, 40 percent from carbs and only 20 percent from fats. This will ensure that you have a proper balance of those essential nutrients that your body needs in order to lose weight efficiently and keep it off.
To obtain your protein and carb requirements, you should take your daily caloric requirements and multiply it by 40 percent or 0.4. Take the result and divide it by four.
On your fat intake, take the caloric requirements number and multiply it by 0.2 or two percent. Take the result and divide it by nine.
When you have this information at your disposal, you will have a guide of how much fats, protein, and carbs you should be eating.
But the result will only be as good as you make it as what you choose to eat and do will determine whether or not you’re keeping a spare tire or lose the weight for good.
It is also ideal that you have a food journal. You don’t need a fancy one. A cheap notebook will do. Or if you have a smartphone, you can just download a food journal app. This tool will help you track exactly the number of calories you have eaten for every category.
NIH Body Weight Planner
Another great tool online is the Body Weight Planner made by the National Institutes of Health (discontinued). This tool wasn’t created by a medical doctor. Rather, it was developed and built by the mathematician Kevin Hall, Ph.D.
Update: The tool has been discontinued. You may try this recipe calorie nutrition calculator instead.
This calories to lose weight calculator is better than the rest of the calculators available on the market because it requires you to input your age, goal weight, current weight and timeframe that you need to wait to achieve your weight loss goal. Apart from that, you will also have to input your physical activity level and the percentage of how much you’re willing to change your activities to reach the desired results.
For the creator of this tool, the 500-calorie rule has flaws and one of them is that it assumes that weight loss continues in a linear fashion. The reason for this is that your body is a dynamic system. A change in one part will also produce changes in other parts of your body.
Depending on your current weight, you need a different calorie deficit in order to eliminate a single pound.
This calculator from NIH will help you establish a more realistic weight loss goal while you enjoy having a healthy body.
How Many Calories You Must Eat to Lose Weight?
As previously discussed, it depends on your weight and body. All diets in the world can’t change the fact that in order to lose weight, you need to eat less. That is if you eat more calories than your body can burn, you will definitely gain weight. And if it’s the opposite, you will lose weight.
Although there are minor factors that will come into play, that’s all you need to know.
However, you also have to realize that a little treat could give you a big surprise. A glass of wine or a piece of chocolate cake can add up over the course of a week.
Generally, women should consume 1200 calories per day while men must eat 1800 a day to lose weight. This would mean that a woman should only consume three 300-calorie meals and a 300-calorie snack. Men, on the other hand, could eat 450 calories per meal and a 450-calorie snack.
To lose one kilogram, you need to create a 1000-calorie deficit per day.
How many calories you should burn to lose weight?
When you combine your calorie intake with exercise sessions per week, a 1200-calorie per day eating plan can easily help you achieve your weight loss goals.
But you have to make sure that you’re burning up to 800 calories per exercise.
What type of exercise should you be doing?
It’s ideal that you combine both strength training and cardio workout. Resistance and interval training will help you burn more calories even when you stop exercising.
The type of diet you are eating will also affect how much you can lose weight. Experts do recommend having high-protein diets every day to burn more calories. The reason for this is that protein requires a lot of effort to digest and metabolize.
It’s also ideal that you find a training buddy to help you stay focused on your weight loss goal and finally achieve it. You may choose to join a fitness class. Good thing these days is that there is and an enormous range of fitness classes that you can choose from. All you need to do is show up at a designated time and let the instructor do the planning for you.
And you shouldn’t underestimate the activities that you can do per day. These activities will include informal exercise, like taking the stairs, swimming, and bike riding. Every activity counts that may help you lose weight successfully.
Final Thoughts
When you try to use the calories to lose weight calculator, you need to be honest about your goal and activity level. If you want to wear a single-digit dress, you need to do the math first so you can be on your way to achieving your weight loss goal.
About the author
Janey Danes Janey Danes started her career as a part-time article writer, editor and proofreader in 2008. She specializes in topics related to health, travel, technology, family, and spiritual life. Danes is a licensed medical technologist and she holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Information Technology. She is also a contributor to Travel Philippines | Entertainment and Medical Technology Avenue. You can also find her on Google+.
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• Vim Ch’i
“Strive for progress, not perfection.”
Vim Ch’i is a health and wellness centre in Davao that offers natural supplements and fitness products, which bring back your Vim (energy and enthusiasm) and Chi (vital energy to animate the body internally)
If you wish to contribute articles, infographics, etc. to our website, please email us admin[at]vimchi.info. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Template:Attached KML/Arkansas Highway 109
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-93.53002000000001,35.45217,0 -93.53027,35.45234,0 -93.53239000000001,35.45355,0 -93.53273,35.45377,0 -93.53285,35.45386,0 -93.53294,35.45392,0 -93.53332,35.45421,0 -93.53366,35.4545,0 -93.53409000000001,35.45491,0 -93.53431999999999,35.45516,0 -93.53549,35.45657,0 </LineString> </Placemark> </Document> | WIKI |
Difference between Etching and Engraving
Laser engraving and laser etching are unique applications of laser technology with their distinct profile requirements, benefits and characteristics. With this in mind, it’s essential to update your terminology and understand the practical and technological benefits of these different laser applications. This way, you can determine what setting you should prefer for your next laser project. These methods refer to a different process when it comes to creating images, markings or designs on a selected material with a laser. Here is a list of our main differences that distinguish between these laser methods.
Physical effort required
Etching requires less effort because the etcher pulls the design through the wax. On the other hand, more physical effort is required in engraving because a tool has to be used to cut the metal.
Nature
While etching is the art of creating an image using acid that removes metal, engraving is a printing method in which an artist uses a pointed and sharp tool to cut lines on a metal surface.
Object size
The etching is suitable for small projects and thin materials. On the other hand, the engraving can be used for large materials.
Materials used
While etching is suitable for metallic materials, engraving can be applicable for materials such as stones, plastics, wood and metal.
Effect on materials
The laser engraving creates a conical depression on the material surface. Laser etching creates a high-contrast marking on the surface of the material by evaporating only the surface layer of the material.
Laser power
Laser engraving makes the deepest cut and vaporizes the material in its way. Effective laser engraving requires the use of a high-temperature laser, and engravers often choose the power of their laser in the maximum configuration for best results, especially when using a robust material such as anodized aluminum or stainless steel.Laser etching also melts the surface of the material with heat, creating a slightly enlarged engraving pattern of your choice.
Durability
Laser engraving is an ideal method for marking parts and objects where high wear is to be expected. If you engrave a jewelry design with a laser, it will fade quickly if the piece is touched frequently, as the depth is only 0.001 inches. The deepest cuts in laser engraving are ideal for creating permanent markings on a variety of materials. Laser engraving is not appropriate for safety-critical parts since the etching process can structurally damage or damage the engraved part. A Laser-etched markings are less durable and are suitable for surfaces with little wear. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Threading – when to use Monitor.Pulse and Monitor.PulseAll
Ever wondered when you should use Monitor.Pulse and when you should use Monitor.PulseAll given that only one thread will be able to acquire the lock even if you wake up multiple threads? I did, and that’s when I stumbled across a similar question on StackOverflow and as ever, Jon Skeet came up with a really good analogy for when either should be used:
Imagine you’ve got a single printer. Only one person can use it at a time, so if you’re got a lot of people waiting, you send them all to sleep – but you only wake one person up when the printer becomes free. This mirrors the use of Pulse.
Now imagine you run a shop. While you’re closed, customers wait outside the shop. When you open the shop, you don’t just want to wake up one customer – they can all come in now. This mirrors the use of PulseAll.
References:
StackOverflow question on the difference between Pulse and PulseAll | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
‘A Discovery of Witches’: When a Vamp Loves a Wiccan
The idea of the vampire as perfect lover is pretty old by now, but really, lovers don’t get much more perfect than the vampire aristocrat Matthew Clairmont in “A Discovery of Witches.” He listens so well he can hear your heartbeat rise, he’s so sensitive he can feel your heat and he’s so passionate he can just barely stop himself from ripping into your throat. That he’s played by that tall drink of plasma Matthew Goode (“The Crown”) is just overkill. “A Discovery of Witches,” which was made for Sky in Britain and begins streaming Thursday on both Sundance Now and Shudder, is an action fantasy in the multi-monster category of “Twilight” and “True Blood,” with a focus on Harlequin-style, time-jumping romance that may make it of interest to the “Outlander” audience. It should meet the requirements of those who like their high-class cheese fests wrapped in European accents and antique locations. Based on the novels in Deborah Harkness’s All Souls trilogy, the series imagines a triumvirate of nonhuman species — vampires, witches and demons — among whom peace is maintained by a centuries-old power-sharing arrangement. That détente is threatened when the historian Diana Bishop (Teresa Palmer), a daughter of witches who seems to have no significant powers herself, finds in the Bodleian Library a dusty volume that the supernatural elite has been seeking for, well, centuries. Matthew, who’s not just a fatally handsome 1,500-year-old French nobleman but an Oxford biochemist, is researching why magical creatures seem to be losing their powers. Of course, magic can’t go out of the world without a fight, or a series of them — vampires tearing into witches, witches conjuring fiery weapons with which to smite vampires. The demons, in this first season at least, don’t have much to do; they’re like one of the boring gangs in “The Warriors” that doesn’t make it out of the Bronx. And humans, while everywhere, are amusingly insignificant, with only a couple of minor speaking roles. The real action, however, involves the interspecies affair — banned by centuries-old tradition! — between Diana and Matthew. It’s a love for the ages that starts out kind of stalkery, the way these things do, and graduates to torrid but clothed canoodling enacted by the commensurately gorgeous Palmer and Goode. [Read our interview with Matthew Goode, the star of “A Discovery of Witches,” here.] They are not equally talented performers, though, and that’s a problem for “A Discovery of Witches.” Palmer is a little out of her league in a cast that includes, along with Goode, the top-flight actresses Lindsay Duncan and Alex Kingston and, as the bad guys, the polished scenery chewers Trevor Eve and Owen Teale. While those veterans engage in the kind of dignified slumming that makes material like this enjoyable, Palmer gives Diana — on whom the story hinges — the flat affect of a lesser CW heroine. Adapted for the screen by Kate Brooke, who also wrote or co-wrote five of the season’s eight episodes, the series lays out its world and characters briskly and intelligibly, and the early episodes invest the fantasy clichés with some elegance and picturesqueness. (Shooting in Oxford and Venice, where the creatures’ HQ occupies a hidden island in the lagoon, helps.) As the action, physical and supernatural, picks up in midseason, the writing and direction start to lose some of that restraint, taking a turn into pulpy, B-movie territory. Eventually the scene shifts to upstate New York, which is a loss in terms of landscape but a plus for the story. Diana’s hippie-Wiccan aunts, touchingly played by Kingston and Valarie Pettiford, live in one of the tale’s more charming inventions: a funky, sentient house that rattles the crockery when it’s irritated and supplies flashbacks by conjuring up life-size holographic scenes in situ. Season 1 ends on a cliffhanger that practically dared Sky not to renew the series — the channel didn’t take the dare, renewing the show for two more seasons. Perhaps its spell will grow stronger. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Call Today: +1 951-698-4448
What Are Veneers?
A popular way to improve the brightness of your smile is through the use of veneers. This dental process can change the shape and brightness of your teeth. Veneers are very thin shells that are typically made of porcelain and are custom-fit for your teeth. They are usually only applied to the part of your teeth that are visible when you are talking or smiling.
Veneers are similar to crowns, but they have the advantage of needing much less removal of tooth structure in order to be applied. The procedure for applying veneers is also typically more comfortable than the application of a crown.
Veneers are generally used to treat irregularities in the shape, color, or spacing of your teeth. Your dentist will consult with you to establish the goals you are wanting to reach. He will most likely take x-rays and make impressions of your teeth so that the veneers can be custom-fitted for you at the lab. The dentist will prepare your teeth for veneers by removing a very thin layer of your tooth enamel. Once the veneers have arrived at the office a couple of weeks later, your dentist will apply them to your teeth with a special bonding cement.
Veneers can restore your confidence to smile and talk in public if you have become self-conscious about stained or damaged teeth. They are natural looking and require no additional care beyond your normal oral hygiene regimen. The application process is expensive and irreversible.
The use of veneers have several positive aspects. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Salvador Fandiño García > mcoder > mcoder
Download:
mcoder-0.10.tar.gz
Dependencies
Annotate this POD
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Module Version: 0.10 Source
NAME ^
mcoder - perl method generator from common templates
SYNOPSIS ^
package MyClass;
use mcoder [qw(get set)] => [qw(color sound height)], \
proxy => [qw(runner run walk stop)], \
calculated => weight;
sub _calculate_weight { shift->ask_weight }
ABSTRACT ^
generate common templated methods like accessors, proxies, etc.
DESCRIPTION ^
mcoder usage is:
use mcoder $type1 => $arg1, $type2 => $arg2, ...;
use mcoder [$type11, $type12, $type13,...] => $arg1, ...;
where $type/$arg pairs can be:
get
use mcoder get => $name;
use mcoder get => { $name1 => $attr1, $name2 => $attr2, ... };
use mcoder get => [$name1, $name2, $name3, ...];
generate read accessors that returns the value in $self->{$name} or $self->{$attr} or $self->$attr.
set
use mcoder set => $name;
use mcoder set => { $name1 => $attr1, $name2 => $attr2, ... };
use mcoder set => [$name1, $name2, $name3, ...];
generate write accessors named as set_$name.
calculated
use mcoder calculated => $name;
use mcoder calculated => { $name1 => $attr1, $name2 => $attr2, ... };
use mcoder calculated => [$name1, $name2, $name3, ...];
similar to read accessors (set) but when the value is unexistant, method _calculate_$name is called and its result cached.
array_calculated
similar to calculated but caches an array of values instead of a single value.
proxy
use mcoder proxy => [$delegate, $name1, $name2, $name3];
use mcoder proxy => [$delegate, { $name1 => $del_method1,
$name2 => $del_method2, ... } ];
forward method calls to $self->$delegate->$del_method
delete
use mcoder delete => $name;
use mcoder delete => { $name1 => $attr1, $name2 => $attr2, ... };
use mcoder delete => [$name1, $name2, $name3, ...];
undef
use mcoder undef => $name;
use mcoder undef => { $name1 => $attr1, $name2 => $attr2, ... };
use mcoder undef => [$name1, $name2, $name3, ...];
new
use mcoder new => $name;
generates a simple constructor for a hash based object
bool_set
bool_unset
use mcoder bool_unset => $name;
use mcoder bool_unset => { $name1 => $attr1, $name2 => $attr2, ... };
use mcoder bool_unset => [$name1, $name2, $name3, ...];
use mcoder bool_unset => $name;
use mcoder bool_unset => { $name1 => $attr1, $name2 => $attr2, ... };
use mcoder bool_unset => [$name1, $name2, $name3, ...];
generates methods that set or unset a boolean property
virtual
use mcoder virtual => $name;
use mcoder virtual => [$name, ...];
the method throws an error when called.
EXPORT
whatever you ask ;-)
ALTERNATIVES FROM CPAN ^
Somebody asked me why he should prefer mcoder over any other similar package from CPAN. Well, there are mostly two reasons:
1 - a matter of style
mcoder generates methods as I use to, following my personal style:
- different methods for read/write access, i.e. slot/set_slot
- boolean properties have set/unset methods that don't take arguments at all.
- calculated (or cached or lazy) attributes.
(mcoder is the result of a big application cleanup when at some point I notice that I was coding too many simple methods always the same. That's also why I didn't use any other module from CPAN: I need the generated methods to be drop in replacements for the old ones that I had manually coded)
2 - a short name and simple syntax
"mcoder" is a pretty short name, and you would like it even if it is a little cryptic.
The "sugar" sub-modules allow for a simpler syntax, i.e.:
use mcoder::proxy sleeper => qw(weakup sleep);
Other similar modules from CPAN that you would like to considered are:
SEE ALSO ^
mcoder::set, mcoder::get, mcoder::calculated, mcoder::proxy are syntactic sugar for this module.
Class::MethodMaker has a similar functionality.
AUTHOR ^
Salvador Fandiño, <sfandino@yahoo.com>
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE ^
Copyright 2003 by Salvador Fandiño
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
syntax highlighting: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Allan Gilliver
Allan Henry Gilliver (born 3 August 1944) is an English former professional footballer who played nearly 300 games and scored nearly 100 goals in the Football League during the 1960s and 1970s. He also appeared in the North American Soccer League for the Baltimore Comets. He played as a forward.
He started his career with Huddersfield Town in 1961 after being spotted by a talent scout, and went on to play for several English clubs including Bradford City who he signed for in 1972 and again in 1978. After his playing career ended his connection with Bradford City continued through a number of roles including groundsman, safety officer and commercial manager. A testimonial match was held for him at Valley Parade in 1998 and he retired in 2007.
His dementia diagnosis in the early 2010s is thought to be connected with a career of heading the football and has led to the setting up of Bradford Memory Walks which take place in aid of the Alzheimer's Society. | WIKI |
Third federal electoral district of Nayarit
The third federal electoral district of Nayarit (Distrito electoral federal 03 de Nayarit) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of three such districts in the state of Nayarit.
It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative period, by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in this district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the first region.
The third district was created as part of the 1977 political reforms and was first contended at the 1979 election; prior to that, Nayarit comprised only two federal electoral districts.
District territory
Under the 2022 districting plan, which will be used for the 2024, 2027 and 2030 federal elections, the third district covers the southern portion of the state. Its head town (cabecera distrital), where results from individual polling stations are gathered together and collated, is the city of Compostela.
Previous districting schemes
Between 2005 and 2017 the district was located in the south of the state and covered the municipalities of Ahuacatlán, Amatlán de Cañas, Bahía de Banderas, Compostela, Ixtlán del Río, Jala, San Blas, San Pedro Lagunillas, Santa María del Oro, Xalisco and La Yesca. The head town was at Compostela.
* 2005–2017
Between 1996 and 2005 the third district had the same composition as in 2005–2017, with the exception of the municipality of La Yesca, which belonged to the second district.
* 1996–2005
Deputies returned to Congress from this district
* 51st Congress
* 1979–1982: Carlos Serafín Ramírez (PRI)
* 52nd Congress
* 1982–1985: Juan Medina Cervantes (PRI)
* 53rd Congress
* 1985–1988: Enrique Medina Lomelí (PRI)
* 54th Congress
* 1988–1991: Olga López Castillo originally, later Rafael Mascorro Toro (PRI)
* 55th Congress
* 1991–1994: José Ramón Navarro Quintero (PRI)
* 56th Congress
* 1994–1997: Liberato Montenegro Villa (PRI)
* 57th Congress
* 1997–2000: Miguel Ángel Navarro Quintero (PRI)
* 58th Congress
* 2000–2003: José Manuel Quintanilla Rentería (PRI)
* 59th Congress
* 2003–2006: Raúl Mejía González (PRI)
* 60th Congress
* 2006–2009: Sergio Sandoval Paredes (PRI)
* 61st Congress
* 2009–2012: Ivideliza Reyes Hernández (PAN)
* 62nd Congress
* 2012–2015: Gloria Elizabeth Núñez Sánchez (PRI)
* 63rd Congress
* 2015–2018: Jasmine María Bugarín Rodríguez (PRI)
* 64th Congress
* 2018–2021: Mirtha Iliana Villalvazo Amaya (Morena)
* 65th Congress
* 2021–2024: Jorge Armando Ortiz Rodríguez (PT)
* 66th Congress
* 2024–2027: | WIKI |
Page:George Sand by Bertha Thomas.djvu/13
Rh and amiable son Maurice. Though fondly attached to her, he was yet to be the cause of her heaviest sorrows, by his more than hazardous marriage, and by his premature and tragical fate.
His strongest natural leanings seem to have been towards art in general, music and the drama in particular, and of his facile, buoyant, artist temperament there is ample evidence; but the political conditions of France under the Directory in 1798 left him no choice but to enter the army, where he served under Dupont, winning his commission on the field of Marengo in 1800. It was during this Italian campaign that the young officer met with the woman who, four years later, became his wife, and the mother of his illustrious child.
Mademoiselle Sophie Victoire Delaborde was, emphatically speaking, a daughter of the people. Her father had been a poor bird-seller at Paris, where she herself had worked as a milliner. Left unprotected at a very early age, thoroughly uneducated and undisciplined, gifted with considerable beauty, and thrown on the world at a time when the very foundations of society seemed to be collapsing, she had been exposed to extreme dangers, and without any of the ordinary safeguards against them. That she proved herself not undeserving of the serious attachment with which she inspired Maurice Dupin, her least favourable judges were afterwards forced to admit; though, at the time, | WIKI |
Beck: The Eye of the Storm
Beck: The Eye of the Storm (Beck – I stormens öga) is a 2009 film about the Swedish police detective Martin Beck, directed by Harald Hamrell. It is the 25th film in the series of chief inspector Martin Beck with Peter Haber in the role of Beck and Mikael Persbrandt as Gunvald Larsson. The producer is Lars Blomgren and production company is Filmlance.
Plot
Martin Beck and his colleagues are linked by the discovery of a burned female body to the hunt for a group of environmentalists engaged in terrorism across borders. Gunvald Larsson knew the woman believed to have been murdered and is suspected by SÄPO (Swedish Security Services) of involvement. Whilst the terrorists plan an attack that could have dire consequences officially Gunvald is off the case.
Cast
* Peter Haber as Martin Beck
* Mikael Persbrandt as Gunvald Larsson
* Måns Nathanaelson as Oskar Bergman
* Ingvar Hirdwall as Martin Beck's neighbour
* Sven Ahlström as Tore Wiman
* Ann-Sofie Rase as Anita Åstrand
* Kirsti Torhaug as Kim Reeshaug
* Christoffer Hedén as Tom Reeshaug
* Daniel Götschenhielm as Lars Behger
* Stephen Rappaport
* Daniel Goldmann
* Suzanna Dilber
* Johannes Alfvén
* Erik Johansson
* Tobias Aspelin
* Marianne Sand Näslund
* Leila Haji as Merlina | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ken Kalla
The result was delete. - Mailer Diablo 13:00, 12 October 2006 (UTC)
Ken Kalla
No evidence of notability, delete per wikipedia is not a memorial. --Peta 05:31, 7 October 2006 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. MER-C 05:37, 7 October 2006 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Emeraude 12:01, 7 October 2006 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Sympathies to family, but Wikipedia, I'm afraid, isn't the place for a memorial. The JPS talk to me 12:10, 7 October 2006 (UTC)
* Delete, Wikipedia is still not a memorial. J I P | Talk 17:26, 7 October 2006 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. I wish there was another way to deal with memorials other than AfD. It just seems so mean for a topic like that. And what would a member of his family think of a bunch of strangers judging the importance of his tragic death? I searched around for articles about him, in case there was any way to rewrite the article so it isn't a memorial, but all I found were articles about his death. If I could find some sources about his accomplishments I could salvage the article, but there's nothing. - Lex 04:16, 8 October 2006 (UTC)
| WIKI |
The Pathos of the Commonplace
of the
BARRY PAIN
E was a middle-aged man when he first came to the town. He had taken an appointment as clerk to a firm of solicitors, and he was happy in that appointment, regarding it as a step upwards. He was small in stature and wild in manner. His eyes had a hesitating look in them, and he pressed his thin lips tightly together, as though to counterbalance his look of hesitation and make himself appear rather firm. He found himself furnished apartments in a house that was one of a row on the very outskirts of the great town. They were two rooms at the top of the house, small and shabbily furnished, looking out on a piece of waste-land at the back. On this piece of waste-land there was one large tree growing. At the time when he first took the rooms he was talkative, and told the landlady all about himself.
“My name is Peters. You see, I’ve just got a step upwards rather, by being appointed clerk to Grantham and Flynders. Formerly, I used to keep the books for Flynders’s cousin, who’s a grocer in a small way at Melstowe—oh, quite a comparatively small way.”
“Really now,” said Mrs. Marks, a good woman, but not always logical; “and then for this Flynders to give himself those airs—and his cousin no more than that! Ah! I’ve many a time said that half the world doesn’t know who the other half’s relations are!”
“So it is,” replied Peters. “I may say—I think I may say—that I’ve done a good deal for Flynders’s cousin. He’s taken my advice more than once, notably in an extension of the counter-trade in effervescents during the hot weather, and he’s found it pay him. Well, he knew that I could do a good deal better than I was doing. I’d taught myself things, you see. There was shorthand, now. At Melstowe my shorthand was, if it’s not to use too strong a term, going to rot, simply going to rot—in a grocery and general, there’s no use for it. I pointed that all out to Flynders’s cousin, and he—being good-natured and seeing what I was—got me this berth with this Flynders himself. So I left Melstowe, and I left Flynders’s cousin—left him, thanks to me, doing to my certain knowledge some gross more in the lemonade than he had ever done in the past.” Peters paused, and looked proud of himself. “Mind,” he went on, rather weakly, “I’m telling you all this not from any—any desire to tell any one anything, but because I may be giving up these rooms in two or three years, or even less. You see, I’ve taken one of those steps upwards that may lead to anything. In a post like mine, you just work yourself up and work yourself up. Starting with what I may call family influence, and having rather a strong natural turn, I may be made managing clerk in no time, then, perhaps, Flynders dies, and I’m took in. ‘Grantham and Peters’ wouldn’t sound bad. Only then, of course, I shouldn’t keep these rooms—I should be taking a house of my own.”
Mrs. Marks considered this, not unjustly, to be a little wild. But it was cheaper always to humour a lodger; and she mostly chose the cheapest. “Then you’d be getting married,” she said.
“Under the circumstances I should ask Flynders’s cousin’s second daughter to—to”
“To consider it,” suggested the landlady.
“To re-consider it,” said Peters, sadly and correctively. He had a nervous anxiety to get away from the subject. He glanced out of the window. “I call that a pleasant look-out,” he said. “Being high up, and that sycamore touching the window nearly, it ain’t unlike Zaccheus.”
“That’s no sycamore, Mr. Peters. It’s a plane.”
“I don’t know about such things. I ain’t a talker as a rule. It may be that I’m a bit excited at entering on a new sp’ere, a sp’ere from which much may be hoped. Not for worlds would I have ’em know in the office that I’ve got ambitions—oh, no!”
The landlady moved to the door. “Will there be anything else now?”
“A little tea, if it’s not too much trouble,” said Peters. “I have a partiality for tea.”
“You shall have it,” said Mrs. Marks. She did a good deal with the manner and the tone of the voice. Peters vaguely understood that all this was exceptional, and must not occur again; he must not make a practice of taking up Mrs. Marks’s precious time by sheer garrulousness; and he must not get into the habit of ordering tea or anything else that he wanted—he must wait until it was brought to him spontaneously. He began to unpack his few belongings, and put them away neatly. He had a picture—an engraving that he had purchased, ready framed, in Melstowe. It represented David playing before Saul. He hung it over the mantelpiece. Beneath stood a partly-decayed model of a Swiss mountain and chalet, protected by a glass case.
When everything was tidy, Peters sat down and drank his tea, and thought about his ambitions.
Now Mr. Peters, as will have been gathered, was as ignorant as a child of the manner in which promotion takes place in a solicitor’s office, and of the fact that he had no chance whatever. He was conscientious and patient, and could do mechanical work; he was quite regular. Some men can do a thing one day which they cannot do on the next, but Peters was never unexpected. He was invariable in his merits, and in his incompetence. With him Nature had drawn a line, and said, “Peters, you are never going beyond that.”
His disappointment dawned very slowly upon him. He found that a solicitor’s office was not what he had supposed it to be. Neither Grantham nor Flynders was at all by way of being intimate with him; in fact, they rarely spoke to him, except to dictate a letter; it was the managing clerk who told him what to do, and he always did it as well as he could, and that was never very well, nor very badly. Sometimes he thought with regret of the nearly social terms upon which he had been with Flynders’s cousin; Flynders’s cousin had taken his advice about the lemonade. Now he was not on social terms with anybody. He was not good at making friends. He did not get on very well with the other clerks. They were not serious; they played practical jokes upon him, which he took, as a rule, with his accustomed mildness; once or twice he lost his temper, and then he was undignified but very funny.
His position was not in any danger. He was careful, methodical, punctual. It was only that his step upwards had been the last step that he was able to take in that direction. He had found his level. In the first few months of his appointment he had purchased a large law-book second hand. He picked that one because it was so very cheap, and it was so very cheap because it was also so very obsolete; but Peters did not know this. He studied his book, without entirely understanding it, by the light of an evil-smelling lamp in the long evenings. When his disappointment had finally dawned upon him, he took the book back to the second hand bookseller, and tried to get him to purchase it again; but that was of no use. It had taken the second-hand man some years to sell that book once, and he did not feel inclined to recommence the struggle. So Peters put it up on a shelf, and did his best to forget it. Now he read Mrs. Marks’s newspaper (she obliged him with the loan of it) in the evening. On one occasion another clerk lent him something described as a regular spicy novel. Peters read a few pages, but he did not like it, and gave it back.
He began to be sorry that on his first arrival he had been so confidential with his landlady; he had given her a false impression, and he must correct it. So one day he mentioned to her that he had relinquished the notion of a partnership.
“Ah, yes,” she said. She had quite forgotten about it, but one must verbally humour lodgers. Besides, she had an apposite observation to make. “Eve often remarked,” she said, “that if we could all have everything we wanted, there wouldn’t be enough to go round.”
Peters felt a little lonely. One day was very much like another. He always went to bed at the same time, and always rose at the same time. His life seemed to be going on by machinery with himself left out of it. He had a fancy that it was the plane-tree which woke him in the morning; its boughs touched lightly against his window sometimes when the wind blew. He was rather attached to that tree. In the summer it looked so cool and pleasant. There was a door at the back of the house, leading on to that piece of waste-land, and he would have liked to have gone outside and sat under the tree in the hot weather. But he doubted if he had any right to use that back-door. He had a right to his two rooms and to the front-door and staircase which led to them; but he was doubtful about the back-door. On one or two occasions he had inadvertently exceeded his rights, and Mrs. Marks had seemed to him rather put out. As a matter of fact, Mrs. Marks was very well satisfied with him. He was a good lodger, gave no trouble, and paid his book punctually; he rarely rang, never seemed to mind if the bell was not answered, went to church twice every Sunday, and was a credit to the house. He was an economical man, and was putting by a little money. He had a small sum of his own—£20 a year—that his father had left him, or, as he preferred to call it, a certain private income independent of his salary. The days went on; the old tree looked in at his window and seemed interested in him, and he was interested in the tree, noting the way it took the seasons. Otherwise there was nothing, and it was rather lonely.
And then one day Mrs. Marks brought him a piece of news. Her little niece, Elsa, was coming to spend a holiday with her. She thought she would mention it, because there were some lodgers who objected to children.
Of course, Peters was delighted to say that he did not object to children at all. “Oh, and about that back-door, Mrs Marks,” he added. “I’ve sometimes thought I’d like to make use of it, so as to sit out under that tree of a warm evening.”
“Most certainly, Mr. Peters, and no need to ask either.”
Under the plane-tree Peters found a thin girl, with a white dress, black stockings, yellow hair, and a large doll. He gazed at her mildly:
“Are you Elsa?”
“Yes. Are you the lodger?”
“Yes.” He paused for want of ideas, and added that it was a fine Saturday afternoon.
She had much more self-possession than he had. She looked at him critically. “Were you going to sit out here, lodger?”
“I had been thinking of it.”
“Well, do it then.”
He sat down beside her, and said that she had a nice doll.
“Yes; its name is Mrs. Markham. I’m giving her up, because I’m nearly nine, and it’s silly to keep on with dolls when you’re nearly grown up. I used to have six dolls, and I’ve given them all up except Mrs. Markham. She’ll have to go too.”
“I say, how do you play with dolls?”
“You pretend things. Can you do that?”
“Bless you, yes!” said Peters, cheerfully. “I can pretend anything you like. What shall it be?”
“Let’s pretend it’s night.”
“All right. It’s night. And what do you do then?” '
“Well, if it’s night, of course we must put Mrs. Markham to bed. I’ve got her night-dress in my pocket.” She pulled it out and smoothed it on her knee. “Now I must undress her.” But she did not do it; she sat quite still, humming a little tune, while Peters watched her with interest.
“What are you waiting for?” he asked.
“I’m waiting,” she said, with some severity, “for you to look the other way. I can’t undress Mrs. Markham while you’re staring at her.”
Peters blushed, apologised, and looked the other way. Presently, he was told that he might turn round again; Mrs. Markham was properly attired, and asleep, with her head supported by part of a brick.
“Capital!” exclaimed Peters.
“Hush!” said Elsa, reproachfully. “It doesn’t seem as if you could pretend very well. Mrs. Markham’s asleep, and so we must speak in whispers. Now what are you, besides being a lodger?”
“I’m a clerk to a firm of solicitors,” Peters replied, in the repressed and husky voice enjoined upon him.
“That all?”
“I’m afraid so. I had expected to be one of the firm, but there are difficulties. It seems to be usual for a solicitor to be articled, and I doubt if the firm will see its way
Elsa yawned and interrupted. “That’ll do. This isn’t any good. Let’s play at something else. Can’t you think of anything?”
Peters had an idea. He passed a small confectioner’s shop on his way from business, and he had observed and remembered a label in the window.
“Look here, Elsa, do you think you could manage a liquorice jujube?”
Elsa looked down at the grass and waggled one foot nervously; her eyes seemed to get larger.
“Yes, thank you,” she said demurely, “I think I could.”
So they went off to the confectioner’s shop. Peters cross-examined the woman behind the counter almost imperiously, as to the presence of deleterious mineral colouring-matter in the desired sweetmeat. The woman answered him with cold confidence:
“The liquorice jujube takes its colour from the liquorice, which is a vegetable and wholesome.”
Then the purchase was made, and they sauntered back—Elsa slowly becoming sticky, and Peters smiling abundantly.
Peters was lonely no longer while Elsa’s holiday lasted. As a rule she made suggestions, and he acted upon them. She wanted to know why he never went on the river; so one afternoon he took her. A man from the boat-house rowed them.
“Why don’t you row yourself?” asked Elsa.
“Because,” Peters answered, as he ran the boat’s nose hard into a thorn bush, “I have to steer. Mind your head—I took that a little too close.”
The man from the boat-house backed them out. Similar incidents had occurred frequently since Peters took the lines. At the boatman’s suggestion he now relinquished them.
In the course of her holiday Mrs. Markham, so Elsa said, died; she was buried under the plane-tree. Peters dug the grave with his pocket-knife and a portion of a broken tea-cup. When the funeral service was over Peters produced a toy cricket set, and proposed a game. Elsa went in, and Peters bowled. After an hour and a half she retired hot; she was not out. Peters had bowled her twice, but on each occasion the ball was disqualified by the umpire. Elsa was the umpire. On the first occasion he had forgotten to say play, and on the second he had bowled faster than the rules of cricket permitted. Peters did not get an innings—that was characteristic of him.
On Sundays Peters took Elsa to church. She refused to go more than once a Sunday, because her father went only once; if she went twice, she explained, it would be like saying that her father was a bad man; and he was a very good man. Peters asked her what prayers she said night and morning.
“I used to have special ones,” she said, “but I’ve forgotten them. Besides, I’m too old for them; they were baby things. Now I say any colic out of the prayer-book. They’re all good.”
“I don’t think that’s quite right,” said Peters.
“Pa,” she observed, with subtle relevancy, “used to say that all s’listers were liars.”
“Well, I’m not a solicitor,” Peters objected, triumphantly.
He remembered two prayers for morning and evening that he had learned when he was a boy. He copied them out in an exquisite hand, with Old English titles, on a sheet of tinted cardboard. Then he ruled a frame round them—three thin red lines within a broad black line. He was proud of his work. He presented it to Elsa. The wayward Elsa chose to be pleased with it, and owned that Peters wrote better than she did. She took the card away to her room at once—“to try them,” she explained.
Peters found himself very dull indeed when Elsa had gone. He thought it over, and concluded that he was a man who needed companionship. One night he wrote a long letter—not a love-letter—to Flynders’s cousin’s second daughter, and posted it; he got no reply, and a few months afterwards he read in Mrs. Marks’s newspaper the announcement that Flynders’s cousin’s second daughter had married the curate.
“She was always one for social success,” Peters reflected.
He wrote to Elsa, and she also did not answer—she had explained to him that he must not expect it, because she disliked writing letters. He sent her every year a birthday card (with a present), a Christmas card (also with a present), and a valentine. She sent him, so far as he knew, nothing at all; but one year he received a very ugly valentine, an insulting valentine. He thought that it must have come either from Elsa or from that young clerk who had lent him the really spicy novel.
One day that young clerk seemed almost friendly to Peters. “You’re a lonely old chap,” he said to him in the luncheon hour. “Why don’t you buy a dog? It would be a companion to you.” Peters thought it rather a good idea. As it happened, the young clerk had one that he wanted to sell; he described it as a faithful, pure-bred, sweet-tempered fox-terrier. It’s name was Tommy. Peters bought it, and its kennel was located under the plane-tree.
Tommy liked almost every one except Peters. He would follow any one except Peters. If he was in the mood to snap at anybody, he preferred to snap at Peters. Mrs. Marks (under a special pecuniary arrangement) agreed to wash the dog. But she soon pleaded for the use of a muzzle on those occasions. “What with holding of him with one hand and being afraid of him biting me with the other, I can’t do it unless he’s muzzled.”
Peters thought that muzzles were inhuman, and said that he would wash the dog himself. The first time he tried Tommy bit him in three places, and escaped before the operation was over. He bolted into the street, ran away, and never came back.
So Peters was quite alone. Mrs. Marks was too busy to talk to him. Elsa did not come back. But the old plane-tree did not seem to mind him.
As the years went on, Peters found that he got old very quickly. One of the effects of age, in his case, was a violent pain in the chest, which came on after any great exertion or if he walked fast uphill. He went for a holiday—a week at Hunstanton—but it did not seem to do him much good. But when he came back, he heard glorious news. Elsa was coming again for a few days.
“Now I’m glad,” said Peters. “I always liked the child. Such bright ways she had! We shall soon be playing cricket together again.”
“Why, you forget, Mr. Peters,” said Mrs. Marks, “Elsa’s near seventeen now. Besides, you're too much of an invalid to think of running about. You’ve aged.” Mrs. Marks herself did not age; she was one of those hard, wiry women that are capable of looking forty for twenty years.
Elsa looked very pretty. She still wore her hair down, but her dresses were much longer. She had a very superior manner, and did not seem particularly glad to see Peters. She took one of the liquorice jujubes that he offered her. But she explained that she did not care about that sort now; she only liked the best chocolates. “You can’t get them here. If you want to give me anything, Mr. Peters, there’s a blouse (two-and-eleven) in Higginson’s window that would do me nicely.”
He looked a little bewildered, but he bought her the blouse, and it did her very nicely indeed—so nicely that she thought it was a pity that she was not to be photographed in it. “We might be photographed together,” she said, alluringly; “I shouldn’t want more than two copies—cabinets.”
This was better. Peters was pleased that she wanted him to be photographed with her. The photographer placed her on a rustic stile, with Peters standing by her side. He smiled widely and with feeling, as he looked at her. She shook her head impatiently. “Oh, this won’t do!” she said, “your grinning puts me out. Besides, you shake the stile. I wish you’d stand away, and let me be done alone. Then you can have yourself took afterwards.”
So Peters stood away, meekly. But on the whole he did not think it worth while to have himself taken afterwards.
The two copies arrived, and satisfied Elsa. “Though I’ve known myself look better,” she said. One copy was for herself, and the other she destined for a particular friend. Peters had bought a plush frame, supposing that she had intended to give him one copy; well, that did not matter; he could order a third from the photographer. In the meantime he was required to pack up the photograph for the particular friend.
“It would travel safer,” he said, “if you packed it between a couple of pieces of card.”
Elsa looked thoughtful. “I’ve got an old bit in my writing-case,” she said. “Go and fetch it, Mr. Peters.”
He hunted through the writing-case, but could not find it.
“Well, I know it’s there, anyhow,” she retorted. “I kept it, knowing it would come in some day. It’s got those prayers on it that you wrote out for me when I was here before.”
“Oh, yes, I saw that. I didn’t think”
“Well, never mind, I’ll go and get it myself; torn in half, it will just do. It will puzzle my friend, though—he’s not one of the praying sort.”
Peters was guilty of looking somewhat despondent as he moved away; this made Elsa rather angry. “You needn’t look so glum,” she said; “you didn’t expect me to keep it all my life, and have it buried with me—silly old card—did you?”
“One thing I will say,” Mrs. Marks observed, after Elsa had gone, “is that she does brighten up a house. And I hope her looks mayn’t be a snare to her. She has one young admirer already, and she a mere child! She’s promised to come again next year. I hope you’ll get on better with her then. You seemed more stand-offish this time—you’ve no complaint against her?”
“Oh, no! certainly not.”
“You’re not looking well, Mr. Peters. You’ll excuse my mentioning it, but you want a doctor.”
Peters shook his head slowly, but owned to a touch of something—probably liver. It was Sunday evening, and he had been intending to go to church as usual. But he changed his mind. He did not feel up to it. He sat under the plane-tree, and thought about Elsa as she used to be before she grew up.
He knew that old tree well now, knew every twist of the branches, every kink of the bark. In an unreasoning way he loved the tree. It had never repulsed him; it had always been there for him.
Mrs. Marks was right. Peters did want a doctor. He took to fainting when he was at work at the office. He apologised for it to the senior partner, who had found him unconscious, and promised that it should not occur again. But it did. One morning he was summoned to the senior partner’s private room. Grantham and Flynders were both there. They told him that he had been for many years a faithful servant to them, and that now—when he was past work—they wanted to mark their sense of his services. He was not to come to the office any more, but they named a sum which would be paid him by way of pension for the rest of his life. And they advised him to see a doctor.
Peters could not understand it, and it had to be explained to him again. Then he tried to thank them. He felt proud and tremulous. He had been praised—it was years since anybody had praised him. He walked home and told Mrs. Marks about it. He was not to work any more. Grantham and Flynders had praised him very highly. And he had a pension. And Mrs. Marks congratulated him, and said that he deserved his luck. And finally Peters broke down and wept.
Peters spent most of his days, doing absolutely nothing, stretched on the grass under the plane-tree. He had grown rather queer in one or two points. Mrs. Marks could not make him believe that the strip of land was to be built over, and that the tree would have to come down. He did not argue about it. He merely said: “they shall not cut that tree down. I shall see about it.”
“Now that is silly, Mr. Peters. The tree will come down before they begin to build.”
“No, it will not,” said Peters.
One day, while Peters was lying under the tree, a party of men came and took measurements, and cut lines in the turf, but they did not attempt to touch the tree. Peters chuckled.
But next morning he was awakened by a sound of sawing. A party of labourers had come early, and were at work on the tree, sawing off the heavy lower boughs. Peters leant half out of the window in his night-shirt and shook his fist at them. He was wild with excitement.
“Leave my tree alone!” he screamed.
The men stopped work for a minute. Two of them laughed. One of them shouted up to him,
“Hold your row, you old fool! It ain’t your tree.”
“It is mine,” cried Peters. “I shall come down to you and stop you. I’m coming now.” Then he fell back on the bed, fainting.
Mrs. Marks was much alarmed, and—whether Peters liked it or not—insisted on having a doctor.
When the doctor came down stairs she met him in the passage. “Well, sir? she said.
“I can do nothing—might have done if I’d been called in years ago. It’s the heart. He can’t last long. Don’t let him be excited, and I’ll send you something to give him for these fainting attacks.”
Mrs. Marks was a hard woman, but she wiped her eyes with her apron. “He’s been here so long you see,” she explained.
Peters protested against the doctor. It was a foolish expense, if he was certain to die.
“I’ve got a little put by—yes, that’s true. But it’s all to go to Elsa, you see, and I don’t want any of it wasted.”
The blinds were drawn in order that he might not be excited by seeing the felling of the tree; but he could hear the work going on, though he pressed his thin hands to his ears.
As the sun shone in at his window one morning, and he lay awake in bed, a big, swift shadow swept across the blind, and then came a deafening crash.
Peters half raised himself in bed, one hand on his heart. His voice came in a whisper: “My God!”
He sank quite gently back again on the bed, and did not move. | WIKI |
Dodokan River
The Dodokan River is a river that flows in the island of Lombok, in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
Course
The furthest headwaters of the Dodokan originates from Batukliang, Central Lombok Regency, and flows in a westerly direction. During the course of the river, there are two dams that had been erected - the Batujai Dam and then the Pengga Dam. After the Pengga Dam, it flows for a further 23.3 km before reaching the Lombok Strait. Its total length is 64 km.
Watershed
Dodokan's watershed is the largest by area in Lombok Island, with a total area of 578.62 km2 and covering much of the southwestern portion of the island. Aside from the major dams along the main course, there are tens of smaller retention basin in the watershed.
Use
The river mouth, which includes a mangrove forest, is a local tourist destination, due to relatively clear waters and extensive surrounding vegetation. | WIKI |
Talk:Mastigouche Wildlife Reserve
Park or rural area
Would this be a park article or a rural area article? The "wildlife" bit in the name makes me think that this should be a park article, but I'd like to double check. SHB2000 (talk | contribs | meta.wikimedia) 03:01, 27 November 2021 (UTC)
* Good question. Your right, the Mastigouche Widlife Reserve is a park article. Veillg1 (talk) 03:19, 27 November 2021 (UTC)
* ✅ Thanks for confirming :-) SHB2000 (talk | contribs | meta.wikimedia) 03:20, 27 November 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Meanings of minor planet names: 261001–262000
261001–261100
* -bgcolor=#f2f2f2
* colspan=4 align=center | There are no named minor planets in this number range
* }
261101–261200
* -id=107
* 261107 Cameroncasimir || || Cameron Casimir Sage Becker (born 2017) is the son of the discoverer, and twin brother of Oban Helian Duane Becker. || ·
* -id=108
* 261108 Obanhelian || || Oban Helian Duane Becker (born 2017) is the son of the discoverer, and twin brother of Cameron Casimir Sage Becker. || ·
* -id=109
* 261109 Annie || || Annie Lakey Becker (born 1980), an American microbiologist and wife of the discoverer Andrew C. Becker || ·
* -id=110
* 261110 Neoma || || Neoma Tennyson Skye Becker (born 2015) is the daughter of the discoverer. || ·
* }
261201–261300
* -id=291
* 261291 Fucecchio || || Fucecchio, a historic Italian town located between Pisa and Florence || ·
* }
261301–261400
* -bgcolor=#f2f2f2
* colspan=4 align=center | There are no named minor planets in this number range
* }
261401–261500
* -bgcolor=#f2f2f2
* colspan=4 align=center | There are no named minor planets in this number range
* }
261501–261600
* -bgcolor=#f2f2f2
* colspan=4 align=center | There are no named minor planets in this number range
* }
261601–261700
* -id=690
* 261690 Jodorowsky || || Alejandro Jodorowsky (born 1929), a Chilean-French film-maker, playwright, actor, author, musician and comics writer. || ·
* }
261701–261800
* -bgcolor=#f2f2f2
* colspan=4 align=center | There are no named minor planets in this number range
* }
261801–261900
* -bgcolor=#f2f2f2
* colspan=4 align=center | There are no named minor planets in this number range
* }
261901–262000
* -id=930
* 261930 Moorhead || || James Marshall Moorhead (born 1940), an American-Canadian astronomer || ·
* -id=936
* 261936 Liulin || || Liu Lin (born 1936), a professor at China's Nanjing University || ·
* } | WIKI |
Standard Quality Standard Quality - 4 months ago 74
Python Question
Gunicorn, no module named 'myproject
I'm installing a previously built website on a new server. I'm not the original developer.
I've used Gunicorn + nginx in the past to keep the app alive (basically following this tutorial), but am having problems with it here.
I
source venv/bin/activate
, then
./manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
works well and everything is running as expected. I shut it down and run
gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 myproject.wsgi:application
, and get the following:
[2016-09-13 01:11:47 +0000] [15259] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.6.0
[2016-09-13 01:11:47 +0000] [15259] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:8000 (15259)
[2016-09-13 01:11:47 +0000] [15259] [INFO] Using worker: sync
[2016-09-13 01:11:47 +0000] [15262] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 15262
[2016-09-13 01:11:47 +0000] [15262] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/var/www/myproject/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 557, in spawn_worker
worker.init_process()
File "/var/www/myproject/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 126, in init_process
self.load_wsgi()
File "/var/www/myproject/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 136, in load_wsgi
self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
File "/var/www/myproject/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
self.callable = self.load()
File "/var/www/myproject/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
return self.load_wsgiapp()
File "/var/www/myproject/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
File "/var/www/myproject/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 357, in import_app
__import__(module)
ImportError: No module named 'myproject.wsgi'
[2016-09-13 01:11:47 +0000] [15262] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 15262)
[2016-09-13 01:11:47 +0000] [15259] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
[2016-09-13 01:11:47 +0000] [15259] [INFO] Reason: Worker failed to boot.
I believe it something to do with the structure of the whole application. Before, I've built apps with the basic structure of:
myproject
├── manage.py
├── myproject
│ ├── urls.py
│ ├── views.py
│ ├── component1
│ │ ├── urls.py
│ │ └── views.py
│ ├── component2
│ │ ├── urls.py
│ │ └── views.py
├── venv
│ ├── bin
│ └── ...
This one, instead, has a structure like:
myproject
├── apps
│ ├── blog
│ │ ├── urls.py
│ │ ├── views.py
│ │ └── ...
│ ├── catalogue
│ │ ├── urls.py
│ │ ├── views.py
│ │ └── ...
│ ├── checkout
│ │ ├── urls.py
│ │ ├── views.py
│ │ └── ...
│ ├── core
│ │ ├── urls.py
│ │ ├── views.py
│ │ └── ...
│ ├── customer
│ ├── dashboard
│ └── __init__.py
├── __init__.py
├── manage.py
├── project_static
│ ├── assets
│ ├── bower_components
│ └── js
├── public
│ ├── emails
│ ├── media
│ └── static
├── settings
│ ├── base.py
│ ├── dev.py
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── local.py
│ └── production.py
├── templates
│ ├── base.html
│ ├── basket
│ ├── blog
│ └── ....
├── urls.py
├── venv
│ ├── bin
│ ├── include
│ ├── lib
│ ├── pip-selfcheck.json
│ └── share
└── wsgi.py
So, there's no 'main' module running the show, which is what I expect gunicorn is looking for.
any thoughts?
wsgi.py:
import os
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "settings")
application = get_wsgi_application()
Answer
Your error message is
ImportError: No module named 'myproject.wsgi'
You ran the app with
gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 myproject.wsgi:application
And wsgi.py has the line
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "settings")
This is the disconnect. In order to recognize the project as myproject.wsgi the parent directory would have to be on the python path... running
cd .. && gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 myproject.wsgi:application
Would eliminate that error. However, you would then get a different error because the wsgi.py file refers to settings instead of myproject.settings. This implies that the app was intended to be run from the root directory instead of one directory up. You can figure this out for sure by looking at the code- if it uses absolute imports, do they usually say from myproject.app import ... or from app import .... If that guess is correct, your correct commmand is
gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 wsgi:application
If the app does use myproject in all of the paths, you'll have to modify your PYTHONPATH to run it properly...
PYTHONPATH=`pwd`/.. gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 myproject.wsgi:application | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:David Wratt
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified one external link on David Wratt. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120109152747/http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/node/992 to http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/node/992
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 16:36, 6 September 2017 (UTC)
Thanks for that. Realitylink (talk) 23:34, 6 December 2020 (UTC)
Update of this article
Kia ora folks, I think this page needs an update, at least, and certainly, a lot more good information to reflect the work he has done. So, I will get around to gathering information and references. Anybody who feels like joining in, let me know! Greg Realitylink (talk) 00:59, 30 November 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Francisco Palma Domingo
The result was delete. Kurykh (talk) 02:57, 13 November 2016 (UTC)
Francisco Palma Domingo
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Can't see any articles or news about him in the internet. Nickrds09 (Talk to me) 04:12, 4 November 2016 (UTC)
* If his military rank can be sourced then this will pass WP:SOLDIER. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:20, 4 November 2016 (UTC)
* Delete The article lacks any sources at all.John Pack Lambert (talk) 02:53, 5 November 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Philippines-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 14:25, 7 November 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Military-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 14:25, 7 November 2016 (UTC)
* Delete, not notable for stand alone article and WP:Memorial applies. Kierzek (talk) 14:34, 7 November 2016 (UTC)
* Keep if a source can be found that confirms his rank (or his existence!), as he would clearly pass WP:SOLDIER. Otherwise delete as a possible hoax. -- Necrothesp (talk) 14:51, 9 November 2016 (UTC)
* Delete per WP:V; no sources in the article and none presented at this AfD. Might as well be a hoax. K.e.coffman (talk) 03:58, 11 November 2016 (UTC)
| WIKI |
[SOLVED] How to Fix OBS Game Capture Black Screen on Windows 10/11
This OBS issue-solving post can fix the OBS game capture black screen. You can see five different methods and choose the most effective one. For the most helpful method, you can try an alternative to OBS Studio, such as EaseUS RecExperts.
Page Table of Contents
Rel
Updated on Apr 19, 2024
0 Views | 0 min read
You may have an issue when using OBS, as you can't capture the gameplay with the normal display, or the OBS game capture is not working. The black screen is shown during screen capturing. There are several methods to lead to OBS game capture black screen, such as choosing the unsuitable capture mode, using the wrong graphics card, etc.
setting up obs virtual camera
To solve this issue, there are 5 ways provided in this post. You can check the comparison information of these methods in the table below. Moreover, we introduced an excellent game recorder in the end. Hope this could help you in choosing the most reliable solution.
Fixes Success Rate Difficulty
Choose Game Capture with Specific Window 75% on average [4 tests] Easy
Run OBS as Administrator 80% on average [5 tests] Easy
Switch GPU to Fix Capture 67% on average [3 tests] Moderate
Enable Compatibility Mode 80% on average [5 tests] Easy
Try OBS Alternative[Hot] 100% on average [5 tests] Moderate
Also read:
Fix 1. Choose Game Capture with Specific Window
The first thing to avoid showing a black screen when capturing a game video is to use Game Capture mode in OBS other than window capture or something else. Also, you need to choose a specific window instead of a full screen for capturing. The reason why to set it like this is that some game software won't show effectively in the full screen capturing mode. After that, right click from the Source dock and hit "Transform" > "Reset Transform". Later, you need to click the Transform button again and select "Center to screen".
add audio source on obs
Fix 2. Run OBS as Administrator
If there is a black screen during the OBS capture game, maybe the reason is that OBS is blocked. To fix the issue, you need access from the administrator. If OBS runs as administrator, the game capturing will be efficient.
It's easy to run OBS as an administrator. You have two ways to set it.
How to run OBS as administrator to fix OBS capturing game with a black screen:
Method 1. Click the OBS Studio icon and hit "Run as administrator".
Method 2. Right click the OBS Studio icon. Navigate to the "Properties" option. You will see the settings window. Then, click "Compatibility" and enable "Run this program as an administrator".
If you have finished running OBS as an administrator, you can restart the OBS Studio. Check if OBS can capture the gameplay without a black screen. This method is also suitable for OBS not capturing game audio. Capture game audio in OBS also needs help from the administrator.
related articles
OBS Game Capture Not Working with League of Legends
This article discusses why OBS game capture is not working with League of Legends and how to fix it. It went further to introduce the EaseUS RecExperts and also answer some of the most pressing questions about the OBS game capture not working with LOL problem.
obs game capture not working league of legends
Fix 3. Switch GPU
One possible reason to cause OBS record black screen is that your computer is running on two GPUs. Logically, there are two GPUs, including dedicated and integrated graphics cards. Most game software is using dedicated GPU. If the OBS Studio is under integrated status, it will be different from the graphics card used on the game software. For that reason, the black screen will show.
To solve that issue, you need to adjust the graphics card position used on OBS Studio.
How to switch OBS's GPU to the dedicated graphics card:
Step 1. On Windows, you need to select the Start menu. Hit "Settings" > "Display" > "Advanced Graphics".
Step 2. Then, select OBS Studio from various applications on the desktop. Choose the "Options" button and then you need to click "High performance". Here, you set it as the dedicated graphics card.
Step 3. Once done, click "Save". Also, shut down your computer and then open it. Then, perform OBS Studio.
Fix 4. Enable Compatibility Mode
Another situation that causes OBS game capture black screen is the compatibility problem. Sometimes, the setting is in an incompatible operating system. Therefore, you can choose the related mode to handle the issue.
How to enable compatibility mode to fix OBS not capturing game:
Step 1. First of all, click the OBS icon on the desktop. Then, find the "Properties" option and click it. The OBS Studio Properties window will show and you need to select the "Compatibility" tab.
Step 2. Enable the "Run this program in compatibility mode for" option. Then, click the arrow-down option and choose the operating system you need.
Step 3. Once you have chosen the system, hit the "Apply" button. Finally, restart the OBS program and check if OBS captures the game effectively.
Fix 5. Try OBS Alternative
The option to guarantee a 100% success rate in solving the OBS game capture black screen on Windows 10/11 is to choose one OBS alternative to capture the gameplay video. Some recorders like EaseUS RecExperts can meet almost all recording functions as you can imagine.
Recording game video in the desired bitrate is what you can achieve in this recorder. Basically, you can record the game screen with audio (system/external) and a webcam.
What's more, when capturing gameplay with EaseUS RecExperts, taking screenshots, choosing the output settings, using the custom hotkeys, and other functions are accessible. Most importantly, this best game recorder won't make you face the black screen for game capture.
📝What to prepare
A computer running Windows 11/10
EaseUS RecExperts installed on your PC
The content you want to record
Key Features of EaseUS RecExperts
Without registration, free download this game video and audio recorder on Windows and Mac.
How to capture gameplay video without the black screen on Windows 10, using EaseUS RecExperts:
Step 1. Launch the gameplay that you want to record. Next, open EaseUS RecExperts and click on the "Game" button on the left.
Record gameplay
Step 2. Click on the "Select Game" option to choose a Game Window or Game Process. Then, you can enable the audio and webcam recording if needed. When all are done, click the big REC button to start the gameplay recording.
Choose gameplay
Step 3. A floating toolbar will appear, and you can pause or stop the recording. Besides that, the camera icon enables you to take a screenshot, and the timer icon lets you stop the recording automatically.
Start gameplay recording
Step 4. After saving the recorded gameplay video, a media player will pop up. It gives you a built-in tool to trim the recording, extract audio from the video, and add an opening & ending part. You can find the tool at the bottom of the player.
View gameplay recording
Conclusion
Believe that you have fixed the problem that OBS will show a black screen when recording. Try the above five methods to solve the recording issue. If you think the first four methods are inefficient, then you can try an alternative to OBS Studio, EaseUS RecExperts. It meets multiple functions to record the gameplay video. You can record game videos with different audio resources and a webcam.
FAQs About OBS Game Capture Black Screen
Some related information is gathered from the public.
1. How do I fix black screen on game capture OBS?
There are several solutions to solve this issue.
1. Update OBS Studio.
2. Choose Game Capture Mode in OBS.
3. Switch OBS's GPU.
4. Solve the Compatibility Issue.
5. Use an Alternative to OBS.
2. Why does OBS capture black screen?
There are some reasons that can lead to OBS capturing black screen. First of all, you didn't choose Game Capture mode as the recording source. And some game software can not be shown in the full-screen mode. So you need to change it into partial screen mode. Secondly, OBS is using an unsuitable GPU source. Thirdly, it's due to the compatibility issue. Or, you use an old version of OBS Studio.
EaseUS RecExperts
One-click to capture anything on screen!
No Time Limit, No watermark
Start Recording
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Page:History of the Royal Astronomical Society (1923).djvu/196
168 HISTORY OF THE [1870-80 a severe pecuniary loss through the failure of a New Zealand bank, and was practically compelled to earn his living by authorship. He had joined the Society in 1866 and began his long series of contributions in the Monthly Notices by papers in 1867 and 1868 on the rotation of Mars. The coming transits of Venus in 1874 and 1882 were now engaging attention, and in 1868 December, Airy presented a paper " On the Preparatory Arrangements which will be necessary for efficient Observation of the Transits," in which he pointed out that the method of observation known as Halley's, failed for the transit of 1874, and though it was suitable for that of 1882 there was a difficulty in finding a suitable southern station ; and that it would be advisable to plan the observations of the first of the pair according to Delisle's method. Mr. Proctor communicated a paper to the Society in 1869 March, showing that Halley's method was quite suitable for the 1874 transit, a view taken by M. J. Puiseux in a contribution to the Comptes Rendus of 1869 February, and he followed this with a more complete and detailed paper read at the meeting in May, which will be found in the Monthly Notices of 1869 June. Mr. Stone took up the discussion on the part of the Astronomer Royal. The feeling that existed with regard to this matter appears from the following extract from a letter written by Mr. Proctor to the Astronomer Royal on 1869 May 15, the day after the meeting of the Society : The high respect and esteem in which the scientific world holds the name of the Astronomer Royal for England is shared in by no one more fully than by myself. But I should consider that no greater discourtesy could be shown to that name than by an attempt to modify statements of scientific fact in presence of it. Mr. Stone praised such a course on M. Puiseux 's part as a piece of courtesy ; but M. Puiseux must in justice be acquitted of so serious an offence against scientific morality and of what would have been a gross rudeness towards yourself. I think I stated the simple truth when I said last night that no man living has so earnest a desire to see the coming transits properly utilised as yourself : and I conceive that in pointing to a certain application of Halley's method in 1874 as the most powerful mode of determining the sun's distance available until the twenty- first century, I was fulfilling what no one would admit more readily than yourself to be a duty. The subject of the Transit of Venus and this discussion will be treated in more detail later, as the incidents are being related to some extent in chronological order. At the meetings in the year 1870 the subject of observation of the total solar eclipse of December 22 was repeatedly brought before the Society. The central line of this eclipse passed over | WIKI |
Talk:Spartan pederasty
Comments
There is this text: "Krimon fucked Amotion here"
Is this the literal translation? It appears like whoever added it purposely used what is commonly an offensive word. Are there not others that are equally valid?
~jptdrake
* Oiphe is commonly rendered as "fuck" though some have rendered it as "have sex with". The important point is that it is no circumlocution but direct speech, and the offensive aspect is in the modern mind but not in that of the writer. I do think that "fuck" is a more honest translation. Haiduc 10:36, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
This piece is not included in or eluded to in any way in Constitution of the Lacedaemonians "though still erotic." <IP_ADDRESS> 20:38, 13 March 2007 (UTC)washtub80
This article states factually that Spartan pederasty happens when there seems to be an equal number of historians of the time saying yes and no. This article needs to get a rewrite and organize differently. People are going to read the opening and not realize this is a debated topic amongst historians. <IP_ADDRESS> 20:39, 13 March 2007 (UTC)washtub80
* No one debates the existence of Spartan pederasty. What is debated is whether the relationship was sexually expressed or not. As for its being erotic, that is the nature of the pederastic relationship, whether or not the desires are fulfilled. Haiduc 03:54, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
Check The Sources at Your Local University Library
The author seems to have changed the word "Greek" with "Spartan." I have thumbed through many of the books described in the sources, and none of them specifically refer to Spartan pederasty. Whowever wrote this article has a bias or agenda. Having thumbed through those historical works myself, much of this is falsehood. In fact, there is a little tidbit I read somewhere about how Spartans made fun of other Greeks for their homosexual affairs stating that "their members are not big enough for real women, so they have go with young boys." I think I read it in a historic text talking about Spartan machismo or something.
And speaking of Machismo, turns out that whole notion of exagerated manliness originated in ancient Greece. The "machismo" culture of latin america in fact has its roots in ancient Greece. From Greece, it spread to Rome, and from Rome, to Spain, and from Spain of course, to what is now Latin America. As a matter of fact, Greek and Latin American culture are so close, Greek immigrants to Latin America have no trouble adapting, while Latin American immigrants to Greece also have little trouble. Ancient Greece was the craddle of mediterranean culture, at least, on the European side. Also, for all intents and purposes, Latin America is a mediterranean land and culture.
If the modern med culture is any indication, then, by all logic Spartan machismo must have gone to ridiculous levels. Far more ridiculous even, than in the movie "The 300." They say truth is stranger than fiction; maybe the real Sparans were, highly likely, comically macho. Of course, this last paragraph is an assertion; I would suggest one actually take the time to look at the sources presented here. The Spartans, by and large, except when it came to war, were treated as a footnote by ancient Greek historians so the truth is no one knows for sure what their practices were like. Again though, if modern mediterranean culture is any indication at all, and since Greece is the origin of the med's macho culture, then, highly likely the Spartans were ultra-macho individuals who probably would have had little (if any) tolerance for homesexual behavior, or effeminate men.
Machismo doesn't just exist in Latin America; you see it in Spain, in southern France, in Italy, in Greece, in Turkey, in Lebanon, and in Israel. Please do not forget; culturally, Greece dominated the mediterranean world. Mediterranean men (Israelis included) are macho, because of the ancient Greeks. I believe some of their philosophers even wrote on making clear distinctions between men and women, can't remember who though. It was from here, no doubt, that the whole "macho" culture originated.
Oh well like it matters; please check the sources to anyone reading this page.
<IP_ADDRESS> 12:03, 24 June 2007 (UTC)stardingo747
" The "machismo" culture of latin america in fact has its roots in ancient Greece." This is nothing but a biased opinion. Where are the roots of the roots, then ? Yep, ancient Greece were very macho, the whole mediterranean world was. But it has nothing to do with heterosexuality. Actually, the fact that the Athenians and most of the Greeks were so much mysoginistic is probably on the reason of their homosexual education : only men could educate (including sexual education) boys, not women. You're talking about sources ? Just read ancient books. You will see that virility was not about who you have sex with (male or female) but who penetrates and who is penetrated. Having sex with a male slave was common. But a grown up free man could not being willingly penetrated, or sucking somebody's else dick without being mocked. Taking care of one's appearance was effeminate. Thus, the Spartans would have considered effeminate every men of today. Homosexuality was not forbidden, it wasn't a sin, some people like it, some didn't and that's all. There is nothing, in ancient romans and greeks books about men being killed because of their homosexuality. Julius Caesar, one of the greatest conqueror of all times, had male and female lovers. He was mocked by his enemies not for having an affair with Nicomède IV, but for having passive role during sex, id for acting like a woman. You can't understand history if you mix the clichés or ancient world with the clichés of so-called modern world.
Anonymous critique
This entire article is an eyesore.
There is no contemporary source claiming the Spartans routinely practiced homosexuality, including physical pederasty. The only time it's ever implied was by Athenian playwrights, jokingly. The Athenians were at war with the Spartans at the time, so it's clear that they were simply insulting them as if to call a straight man "gay" today.
With such bold claims, this page should definitely list the translations used. Xenophon is a particularly good reference on this subject, as despite the fact he was homophobic he still allowed his son to be educated in Sparta. Along with some of his other quotes (specifically II. 13. of "Lakedemonian Constitution"), as well as sources from later writers like Plutarch ("Ancient Customs of the Spartans" 7. 237 - c. and XVII 4 of his Lykurgos biography; which also applies to the rubbish and frankly modern "lovers fight better togeter" theory), Maximus of Tyre ("Declamations" 20.e) and Cladius Aelianus ("Various History" III, 12), we read that the Spartans not only did not practice sexual pederasty, they actually despised it and it was outlawed.
The gymnasium at Thera does not apply to the mainland Lakedaimonians, as it is already known that many Dorians in the Cyclades practiced homosexual relations much more freely than on the Greek peninsula were it was typically frowned upon in most poleis. Despite this, the article still needs more evidence in this department, as William Armstrong Percy III is a homosexual author and though this may sound like a generalization, homosexual historians have been known to revise ancient Greek history since at least the 1870s. Percy also seems to be in support of legalizing sodomy. Just a note to whoever believes his words.
And for the record, the pottery shown in this page is ETRUSCAN, not Spartan, not even Greek at all! This article is so messed up, it should be cleared completely and restarted. In fact, pretty much all the articles about pederasty and homosexuality in ancient Greece are filled to the brim with bias.
I hope this can start a change in this and other relevant Wiki articles. This is a prime example why Wikipedia is a joke when it comes to classical history.
* Xenophon homophobic?! Explain.
* Are you conflating "sexual pederasty" and anal relations? Read the Phaedrus (among many others) to be redeemed from that mistake.
* You presume that heterosexual authors are more reliable than homosexual ones? Explain.
* "Homosexual relations"? Kissing? Frottage? Fondling? What are you talking about? Be specific.
* Sodomy still needs to be legalized?! Explain.
* Attic pottery in Tarquinia is still Attic, just like a Japanese car in the UK is still a Japanese car. Haiduc 00:16, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
Not all homosexual historians are unreliable, that would be an awful generalization. However there is undoubtably a degree of bias in the works by Kenneth Dover, Robin Lane Fox and the aforementioned Percy III. Dover and Fox both graduated at Oxford. It is speculated this is where Walter Pater and similar characters originally lectured the myth of widespread ancient homosexuality, particularly in civilizations of which modern civilization owes a debt to, i.e. the classical Hellenes.
By sexual pederasty, I refer simply to any pederasty that holds a degree of eroticism, from kissing, embracing and fondling to anal sex. To my knowledge this was indeed practiced by Italo-Greeks (some in colonies originally made by the Spartans which I do not deny) but rarely on the Greek peninsula mainland. Please, read the quotes that I mentioned from Xenophon and later authors in reference to Spartan pederasty. That is the subject at hand, not pederasty from other poleis.
William Armstrong Percy III seems to be in support of sodomy.
There is no evidence in the image description that the Hyakinthos and Zephyrus pottery is even Attic to begin with. The name of the painter is not listed. The style is different from most Athenian art from that time, distinctively loose like Italian art in the 5th century BC. The art is not Spartan and so the perception of the mythical love between Apollo and Hyakinthos, or in this case Zephyros and Hyakinthos may have been seen differently in the area the vase was made.
Haiduc, I understand you seem to essentially own or write most articles on pederasty on wikipedia. Different voices need to be heard.
<IP_ADDRESS> 15:26, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
* Own?! Hardly. I contribute, and you can be very sure that many someones are looking over my shoulder. No one has carte blanche here. I would be very happy if you would contribute, but just as I try to keep my own opinions out of this, please try to keep yours out likewise, especially on the article pages. Bring in evidence, it can only improve the articles. Haiduc 00:08, 26 August 2007 (UTC)
I have brought evidence. Have you even looked up on the sources I posted earlier? I apologize for assuming you're the main writer on these articles. But in any case, this particular page should demonstrate that there is still disagreement on the subject of Spartan pederasty. Not make it seem so straightforward and certain that they engaged in erotic relationships. <IP_ADDRESS> 07:18, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
* No need to apologize, I actually was honored by your assumption. It is not far off the mark, I am the one who kept on splitting articles from the original one, and expanding the discussion. I confess that between professional obligations and publishing deadlines I have not had the time to study your references, but I promise to do it after the beginning of September. If I might ask you for a favor, please pick one that you would most like to discuss, and we'll address it, and then others as you may see fit. Haiduc 01:25, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
* I have taken another look at the Xenophon reference, as it is the first on your list. I see no conflict there, it mentions that in Lacaedemon erastes had to refrain from boys in the same way that parents did. If you read the article carefully you will note that this reference (see Note 13) has already been included in the article, in support of the contention that pederastic relationships were chaste. Please also note that even as he asserts that, Xenophon corroborates the existence of pederasty in Sparta by using the term "erastes." Thus, it was the Spartan erastes who were admonished to refrain from boys' bodies even as they befriended the boys' souls. Chaste pederasty is still pederasty as far as Xenophon is concerned, it seems. However, in re-reading the fragment it appears that the translation I used takes liberties with the text, and I will employ a different one, for the sake of accuracy. Haiduc 23:05, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
Thanks for the edit, it seems to be a much more balanced article now and I, among others, appreciate the changes made. Which translation have you used for the Xenophon quote, by the way? <IP_ADDRESS> 06:59, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
Confusing template
I put that in there. Here is what I find totally confusing. The authors(s) are not careful to distinguish between pederasty as we know it, which is sexual and a crime, and pedagogy. He (she, they) use(s) pederast in an equivocal sense and you never know which is which. If the author is saying there is no difference, well, that is just plain wrong and turns all of Greek history into "queer history." Moreover I believe it borders on being illegal (but I'm not a lawyer). Can you legally "sell" pederasty? And then there is the matter of pinning the whole thing on the Dorians, which is totally false. In those days before public schooling the young WERE given into the care of appropriate older persons for guidance and instruction and that is not just true of the Dorians. And as for attributing the introduction of all this to the Dorian invasion, why, that is just totally off the wall. No scholar I ever heard of advocated a "queer invasion." The thing is, I or anyone else cannot evaluate the validity of the sources or the historic truth of what is being said without knowing what is meant by the terms! What I am saying is, "put up or shut up." Define what you mean and provide line-item sources. We already know there was homosexuality among the ancient Greeks. YOU make it sound as though the whole population was queer and regularly indulged in homosexuality. And that first statement that pederasty is the result of overpopulation - just what in the HECK does THAT mean? I am not even going to ask. Instead I am asking YOU to clarify it. You put the article in there, now make yourself clear and stand the consequences. We have to take responsibility for what we say in public, you included. And by the way "queer studies" is not my term but I got it from a Wikipedia box. That is what the editors on the subject have chosen to call it, for better or for worse.Dave (talk) 00:01, 8 January 2008 (UTC)
PS I suggest you begin with the Greek definition of pederast. Cite some sources on it. Then distinguish pedagogue. Break out separate sections on the sexual aspect. Use different words when you mean sexual. If you are going to talk about homosexuality in ancient Greece do so in a different context from education in ancient Greece. I for one am NOT going to accept any such contention that Dorian education was by definition homosexual education. If you want to assert that you have to prove it and you have to do it with the proofs others have devised. To be quite honest I have seen quite a bit of writing on homosexuality in Greece. I have never seen one single assertion that education in Greece was homosexual, except for Wikipedia, and I certainly don't regard it as NPOV. I will not even get into your motives as that is not my place.Dave (talk) 00:01, 8 January 2008 (UTC)
Lopsided template
I took a look at Scanlon. I would say he is pretty biased, interested in developing homosexuality as a major theme of ancient Greek life. Concerning the Greeks, he wants us to adopt the Greek wedding song "I'm standing behind you on your wedding day..." I don't think that is an accurate characterization. He seems to have ferreted out every bit of scandal and gossip he can find and presents that as fact. I do not see any numbers here at all or studies of interviews such as the Kinsey or any other report. There are no statistics and no science whatever. As far as anecdotes are concerned, for every homosexual anecdote he can find anyone can find several heterosexual anecdotes. The value of gossip and anecdotes as evidence is not very great. However, what I am putting the tag on for is the generalizations - did the Spartans originate athletic nudity? No evidence is given. I doubt it. He does talk about nudity at Olympia, but that is not Sparta. And then he couples it with generalizations about growing eroticism, etc. Well OK like other scholars he throws his hat into the generalization ring. It isn't general opinion, it isn't backed up by solid scholarship, it isn't scientific, it isn't BALANCED. Well, I'm not saying, in an article of this sort you must run out and find three heterosexual work-ups to counter Scanlon's development. But to present Scanlon's personal view as fact is an unbalanced approach. I want to see some identification of these opinionated (in my mind unduly) but published views as those of Thomas Scanlon and not as general truth about antiquity. Some of his scholarship is good, no doubt, but for the rest he goes off the deep end of supposition, speculation, unverified claims, slanting and general inaccuracy and wrongness of interpretation. He gives the appearance of having an axe to grind beyond his chosen topic. Classics should not be platform for homosexuality.Dave (talk) 04:25, 10 January 2008 (UTC) PS I thought of a great illustration. You can head down to Amazonia or over to New Guinea or to many other places of the world and find plenty of nudity and no one thinks twice about it. Or you can go to the beach in Marseilles or all along that coast and see plenty of evidence that people are still as God made them. Among civilizations Sumerians according to the representations were customarily practically nude. The Greeks and Romans didn't make all that big a deal of clothing or the lack of it. For that matter I saw a film of the last czar and his top military officers skinny dipping in some Russian river (like boys) back in the days when that film was still being shown. Now along comes Scanlon and starts talking about the eroticism of nude athletics and the institutionalization of homosexuality in sports and the military and even worse in primary education, citing nudity as an example of it. That seems rather unbalanced to me.Dave (talk) 04:43, 10 January 2008 (UTC)
Don't Deal In Absolutes
It seems fairly clear from the variety and contradictions of the sources that the institution of older boys or men mentoring younger was intended to be merely educational, was often romantic and probably frequently sexual and opinions about the desirability of the last were highly divided to say the least. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:16, 23 March 2009 (UTC)
POV
The Xenophon reference, as mentioned above and in the article, states clearly that pederasty was "banned as an abomination". The article needs, therefore, to be completely rewritten in order to avoid giving the impression that Spartans were known to be pederasts. Please do not remove the tag until this problem has been dealt with.Zombie president (talk) 06:10, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* Please be specific. What passage in what work are you referring to? Haiduc (talk) 15:35, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* Footnote no.9 in the articleZombie president (talk) 18:58, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* Spartan lovers were held by many to have been chaste, but that does not mean they were not lovers. See Percy, p.7. Haiduc (talk) 20:44, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
The reference simply presents an alternative and concurrent viewpoint. Rewriting is not required.
Justnumb (talk) 08:38, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
to delete
This article should be deleted as it represents the wishfull thinking of the author. It has references but they do not support his thesis.Popytrewq (talk) 22:21, 5 November 2009 (UTC)
Original research
Most of the references cited in this article are primary sources. This indicates original research. The article should reference mostly or only secondary sources. — goethean ॐ 22:35, 5 November 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Is Rezolve AI Limited (RZLV) a Stock with Potential to Rise 1000 Percent?
We recently compiled a list of the 10 Stocks with Potential to Rise 1000 Percent. In this article, we are going to take a look at where Rezolve AI Limited (NASDAQ:RZLV) stands against the other stocks with potential to rise 1000 percent.
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READ ALSO: 12 Best Multibagger Stocks to Buy in 2025
Finding stocks that could rise 1000 percent requires diligent research, patience, and a strategic approach. Investors should look for companies with strong and sustainable competitive advantages, innovative products or services, high-quality management teams, and scalable business models. A good way to identify the potential for scalability is to assess whether the company’s total addressable market (TAM) has several sources of growth – for instance, it is highly desirable for the company to be able to not only operate in a high-growth market but also constantly expand its TAM by creating new products or entering new markets through strategic acquisitions. An eloquent example is how the AI megatrend created ten-baggers – many technology companies not only experienced significant uplift from AI applications in their core product but also got the opportunity to create new applications that automatically expanded the company’s TAM and potential growth opportunities.
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We consulted several reputable sources and analysts’ reports and short-listed 20-30 companies that are predicted to rise at least 1000 percent in the following years. In addition to some reputable sources, we also considered YouTube videos and Twitter threads. Then we compared the list with Insider Monkey’s Q4 2024 proprietary database of hedge funds’ ownership and included in the article the top 10 stocks with the largest number of hedge funds that own the stock.
Why are we interested in the stocks that hedge funds pile into? The reason is simple: our research has shown that we can outperform the market by imitating the top stock picks of the best hedge funds. Our quarterly newsletter’s strategy selects 14 small-cap and large-cap stocks every quarter and has returned 373.4% since May 2014, beating its benchmark by 218 percentage points (see more details here).
Number of Hedge Fund Holders: 5
Rezolve AI Limited (NASDAQ:RZLV) is a UK-based technology company that operates a mobile engagement and commerce platform designed to enable brands and retailers to interact with consumers in real time. The company offers solutions that integrate into mobile apps, allowing businesses to deliver personalized content, promotions, and purchasing options directly to users’ smartphones. Its platform leverages location-based services, machine learning, and behavioral analytics to optimize customer engagement and drive conversions.
Rezolve AI Limited (NASDAQ:RZLV) has announced a significant $1 billion Bitcoin-backed treasury program, with an initial allocation of $100 million for Bitcoin acquisition through a wholly owned subsidiary. The company has structured this through a Securities Purchase Agreement that allows for additional closings of up to $900 million over the next three years. For the initial $100 million notes, investors will have the option to convert them into ordinary shares at $3 per share, while future closings will be based on the 20-day volume-weighted average price of the shares.
This initiative is strategically linked to Rezolve AI Limited (NASDAQ:RZLV)’s upcoming AI-driven crypto payment platform, scheduled for launch later this year, which will enable retailers and consumers to conduct Bitcoin, Tether, and other digital asset transactions without merchants facing exchange rate risks. The company’s vision extends beyond viewing Bitcoin as merely a store of value, aiming to transform it into a functional, global currency through its AI-powered platform. With 5 hedge funds owning the stock, RZLV is one of the stocks that will go up 1000 percent.
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READ NEXT: 20 Best AI Stocks To Buy Now and 30 Best Stocks To Buy Now According to Billionaires
Disclosure: None. This article is originally published at Insider Monkey. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
2022 West Coast Conference women's basketball tournament
The 2022 West Coast Conference women's basketball tournament was held between March 3 and 8 at Orleans Arena in Las Vegas. Gonzaga won the tournament and with it the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA women's basketball tournament.
Seeds
All conference members qualified for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on the Ken Pomeroy Adjusted Conference Winning Percentage.
* Overall record at end of regular season.
Venue
For the fourteenth consecutive year, the 2022 WCC Tournament was held in the Orleans Arena. When Orleans Arena is set up for basketball games, the seating capacity is 7,471. The Orleans Arena is located at the 1,886-room Orleans Hotel and Casino, about 1 mile west of the Las Vegas Strip. The tickets for the WCC Tournament typically sell out quickly.
Bracket
* All games except the championship aired on BYUtv and were simulcast on WCC Network and multiple RSN's: NBC Sports Bay Area, Bally Sports West or Los Angeles, Bally Sports San Diego, and Root Sports. Additional RSN's across the country also aired select games. The championship aired on ESPNU.
* denotes overtime game | WIKI |
Tripoli Brigade
The Tripoli Revolutionaries Brigade, also known as the Free Tripoli Guardian, was a unit of the National Liberation Army of Libya created during the First Libyan Civil War that merged into the Tripoli Protection Force. Originally formed in April 2011 in the opposition stronghold of Benghazi, it later relocated to the Nafusa Mountains, then the closest frontline to Tripoli, before advancing into the city itself in August.
In November 2011, the brigade began taking measures to disband and integrate itself more with the N.T.C.'s new national army, the brigade announced over its Twitter account.
Commanders
The brigade's Commander-in-Chief is Libyan-Irish citizen Mahdi al-Harati, Khalid Abozakkar is deputy commander and co founder in [Nalut], and Abu Oweis is deputy commander. Muhammad Tabouni is the brigade's General Commander. Col Abdul Latif is the commander of Seraai al-Hamra, one of the four sub-brigades of the overall Tripoli Brigade.
Foundation
In February 2011 Mahdi al-Harati travelled from Ireland to Benghazi and began to create a well-organised group that could fight in the western provinces of Libya. He gathered 15 highly educated men, all of whom had extensive expertise and skills. The proposal for a Tripoli revolutionary brigade was put before the Benghazi-based National Transitional Council, and was immediately approved. Within days the Tripoli Brigade had 150 recruits. They received basic military training before transferring to the mountains in the western provinces. By August 2011, the brigade had 570 men from all over the country within its ranks.
The brigade started with a core group of 15 men, but grew within days to 150, during the training period in Zintan and Nalut numbers swelled to 470, and was recorded at 570 at Zawiya. During the assault to enter Tripoli the brigade was reported in the UK Telegraph newspaper to number just under 1,000. On 30 August the brigade had swelled to 1300 fighters in Tripoli. Its General commander also stated that it had troops waiting to join once the brigade entered Tripoli.
The majority of the brigade's volunteer fighters are from Tripoli, or nearby towns and villages, and know the city streets well, making them prime candidates for taking the city. Based in Nalut University, the brigade numbers about 1300 armed fighters. The brigade saw action throughout the 2011 Nafusa Mountains Campaign including in the towns of Nalut, Bir Ghanem and Tiji, in combat against loyalist forces.
Due to the threat of perceived reprisals against the families of Tripoli brigade soldiers, their faces must be covered, at least when being filmed by journalists. Many of the brigade's members were involved during the 2011 Tripoli clashes in February, and fled the capital to avoid loyalist forces, and then regrouped in later months to form the Tripoli Brigade, with the ultimate goal of advancing out of the Nafusa Mountain range, and to the capital.
The brigade has several officers who have lived most of their lives in English speaking countries including Ireland, Canada, UK and the US. This proved vital with co-ordination with NATO and also in interviews and interaction with western media. The Brigade has an English language Facebook page.
Training
Although the Brigade is not an elite force, its Nalut headquarters was described by AP news agency as 'high tech'. It did receive communications equipment and three-week's urban warfare training from Qatari special forces in the Nafusa mountains. It is noted for its extreme training; during which recruits woke at 5:30 a.m. for a 45-minute run, followed by daylong marching and weapons training. The brigade has also created an eight-man urban sniper unit. The brigade is often referred to as an elite brigade by the National Transitional Council and the media. This is not an accurate description as very few are professional soldiers. In a media interview in Tripoli, Commander Harati said his battalion is not an elite armed force and that it is "important to understand that we are all civilians. We are not the military". The enrolling register counts many professionals among its members including doctors, businessmen, mechanics, engineers, and web designers.
Battle of Tripoli
Their main aim, once in control of Tripoli, was to control and protect strategic locations, infrastructure and other important sites. On 20 August, a large uprising broke out in Tripoli, with rebel forces speeding towards the capital from the west and the east. The Tripoli Brigade was the spearhead of the rebel fighters assault on Tripoli. In a 32 kilometer push launched at dawn, the Tripoli Brigade reached the suburbs of Tripoli by early afternoon following a non-stop artillery shelling of advancing rebel troops. In response a large anti-aircraft artillery piece fired rounds at loyalist troops. The Tripoli Brigade took a key military base and the 27th bridge, a gateway to the capital, just a day after defeating loyalist troops in Zawiya.
Divided into four battalions the Brigade attacked the capital from three directions. The only impediment to a rush into the capital was on another front line, outside the town of Azizia, the Tripoli Brigade and allies from the western mountain forces were ordered to hold back while the alliance carried out heavy bombing raids on loyalist positions there.
The Tripoli Brigade were reported to be the first revolutionaries to enter the city and the first to enter the main Green Square, that was renamed Martyr Square.
On entering Tripoli the Tripoli Brigade took command of the Women's police training centre as their headquarters. The Tripoli Brigade, alongside rebel forces from Misrata, were also the first to punch through the main gates of Gaddafi's former residence, Bab al Azizia.
The UK Daily Telegraph reported of the brigade "The rebels pushing into Tripoli are young professionals fighting to establish a very different country from the dictatorship founded well before they were born".
France 24 TV channel had a reporter travelling with the Tripoli Brigade during the final assault on the capital. It reported that the brigade lost sixty fighters during the first 48 hours in Tripoli.
The Tripoli brigade were front-line troops during the taking of Colonel Gaddafi's famous residential compound, Bab al Azizia. Officers from the Tripoli Brigade were reported as leading the attack. The Misrata Brigade with heavier trucks and artillery guns broke the perimeter of the compound and the Tripoli Brigade provided the infantry that flooded through the breached walls. An English reporter quoted in the Irish Times spoke of the Commander-in-chief 'rallying the troops' during the storming at the compound. The brigade's website reported that its media team had to take up rifles during this attack in which they took 100 prisoners.
Activities after the Battle of Tripoli
In the weeks after the fall of the Gaddafi Government in Tripoli the brigade took a major role in the securing the city and clearing it of the few remaining pockets of resistance. The commander of the brigade was appointed second in command of the newly formed Tripoli Military council. This council's aim is to unify the country's various armed brigades. Mahdi al-Harati said that Khamis Gaddafi was killed after a military battle with Tripoli Military Council forces between the villages of Taruna and Bani Walid. The battleground is in north-west Libya, near Misrata. He stated Khamis was taken to a hospital where he died from his injuries. He was then reportedly buried in the area by rebel forces. There was no independent evidence to support the claim.
The brigade has been guarding Tripoli's airports, as well as the hotels of foreign journalists and diplomats since they took the city.
On 5 October, a new batch of recruits successfully graduated and became part of the Tripoli Brigade. The same day, the head of the brigade announced that two mass graves had been uncovered in and around Tripoli containing up 900 bodies of Gaddafi's opponents.
On 10 October, members of the Kekka Brigade from Zintan, attempted to surround some of the Tripoli Brigade, after a heated argument over who should police Tripoli and attempted to prevent them from leaving the area. Tripoli Brigade reinforcements arrived and convinced the Kekka brigade to withdraw, preventing any armed clashes breaking out.
Fighting broke out on 31 October between the Tripoli Brigade and a brigade from Zintan when the Zintanians attempted to enter a hospital and kill a patient they had shot earlier in the day. Tripoli Brigade guards prevented them from doing so and a firefight broke out which left two dead and seven wounded,
Members of the brigade also volunteered to join the side of the anti-Assad rebels in Syria during the Syrian civil war in 2012.
Noted members
The brigade's Commander-in-Chief is a Libyan-Irish citizen Colonel Mahdi al-Harati. He was described by the Dutch daily newspaper Volkskrant as being a face of the battle of Tripoli and one of the most important commanders in the National Liberation Army. Deputy chief of Tripoli Military Council. He resigned from his post in November 2011.
Abu Oweis acts as deputy commander.
Issam Shabaan, the son of Gaddafi's first defence minister, Mohammad Shabaan, is the NATO liaison with the Brigade.
Col. Abdul Latif, is the commander of Seraai al-Hamra, one of the four brigades.
Husam Najjair, Head of Security. Irish born relative of the Brigade's Commander-in-Chief.
The brigade's physical trainer is a former soccer player from a club in Munich. | WIKI |
What is CT Scanning of the Chest?
CT-Scanning
CT Scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions.
CT scans of lungs provide greater clarity than conventional X-ray exams.
What are some common uses of the procedure?
CT of the Chest is used to:
1. Further examine abnormalities found on conventional Chest X-rays
2. Help diagnose clinical signs or symptoms of disease of the chest
3. Detect and evaluate the extent of tumors that arise in the lung and mediastinum, or tumors that have spread there from other parts of the body
A chest CT scan can also be used to screen for lung cancer in former or current cigarette smokers who are at much greater risk of cancer than nonsmokers. CT is able to detect even very small abnormalities that could be early lung cancer and are not be visible on a conventional Chest X-ray.
How should I prepare for the CT scan?
You should wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing to your exam.
You may be given a gown to wear during the procedure.
Metal objects including jewelry, eyeglasses, dentures and hairpins may affect the CT images and should be left at home or removed prior to your exam. You may also be asked to remove hearing aids and removable dental work.
You may be asked not to eat or drink anything for several hours beforehand, especially if a contrast material will be used in your exam. You should inform your physician of any medications you are taking and if you have any allergies, especially to contrast materials.
Also inform your doctor of any recent illnesses or other medical conditions, and if you have a history of heart disease, asthma, diabetes, kidney disease or thyroid problems. Any of these conditions may increase the risk of an unusual adverse effect.
Women should always inform their physician or technologist if there is any possibility that they are pregnant. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
I'm a Java software developer, consultant and architect that focuses on enterprise applications, quality and performance. I gained interest in Java due to it's open nature and community support. Next to Java, I spend most of my time trying to stay up to date with everything that moves inside the software world like Scala and NoSQL db's. Jelle is a DZone MVB and is not an employee of DZone and has posted 12 posts at DZone. You can read more from them at their website. View Full User Profile
JPA 2, The Access annotation
07.01.2011
| 11493 views |
• submit to reddit
JPA 1 has a strict rule about what the access when defining your meta annotations (you database to java mapping). In jpa 1 the standard was the way the ID was mapped. So when you placed your @Id or @EmbeddedId annotation (which is mandatory for every bean annotated with the @Entity annotation) on a field, all access will happen through the fields, when you apply it on the getter/setter methods, all fields will use the getter/setter methods.
JPA 2 adds some extra flexibility here. When you want your fields to be access through the fields, but there is one field that you want to modify when setting or getting, you can provide the @Access annotation.
This annotation defines the path of the persistence provider. It basicly has 2 modes
AccessType.FIELD, AccessType.PROPERTY;
You first have to annotate your Entity to set the base access mode, so the @Id rule is overruled.
@Entity
@Access(AccessType.FIELD)
public class Car implements Serializable {
// some fields, getters and setters
}
We have now configured the Pojo to use the fields unless we define it otherways.
by placing the @Access annotation on top of a getter (not setter, this will give an error that the annotation only should be applied on no-param methods), you tell it should use the getter/setter instead of direct access to the field.
@Access(AccessType.PROPERTY)
public Brand getBrand() {
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(Brand brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
Although the usefulness of this feature is definitely arguable, I do want to share this. :-)
From http://styledideas.be/blog/2011/06/30/jpa-2-the-access-annotation/
Published at DZone with permission of Jelle Victoor, author and DZone MVB.
(Note: Opinions expressed in this article and its replies are the opinions of their respective authors and not those of DZone, Inc.)
Comments
Geoff Longo replied on Fri, 2011/07/01 - 7:54pm
Forcing the JPA provider to access the fields is very useful in certain situations. In our application, we are firing property change events whenever the "setter" is called to signify that the field's value has changed. Without this annotation, the JPA provider would be calling the "setter" when loading an entity from a database query; which would cause the property change events to get fired, even though the property hasn't really been changed.
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Select your preferred way to display the comments and click "Save settings" to activate your changes. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
5 Videoconferencing Trends Impacting the Future of Audio Devices
0
This month we were invited to present our views on market trends at an AV User Group meeting in the UK. This got me to sit and try to formalize my thoughts on the subject.
Before writing this piece, I browsed through many articles discussing different views and opinions on videoconferencing market trends. It’s clear that the industry is adopting cloud based applications as a cost effective alternative to dedicated services. Software based solutions are taking larger chunks of market share from traditional codec based solutions. Mobile applications, as well as cross compatibility, allow users to talk with different entities. This frees them from the need to commit to one service across the board.
There are more trends that are not necessarily relevant to audio endpoints. These are more relevant to the way videoconferencing services are being implemented. From the audio point of view, it makes no difference if the service is cloud based or not. Same goes for cross compatibility and other trends discussed widely in different forums. So which trends relating to audio do we see (or foresee) in the current market? And what features do we need to develop in order to be prepared and support future implementations of videoconferencing?
1) Get Off the Table!
Clearly most of us would like our conference table to be free of any devices or wires. This is particularly true for huddle rooms, but applies to other room types as well. The whole idea behind huddle rooms is that the setup is minimalistic. These rooms often do not have someone in charge of setting up and maintaining. Therefore, there is a real concern that products will “walk away” or be misplaced. In some cases the whole setup needs to be portable (on a cart), because the rooms themselves are set up ad hoc.
A device (speakerphone) sitting on the table does not fit well with any of these concepts. You can ask participants to bring in their own devices, but this is hardly the perfect solution. You would have to make sure that every potential participant has a personal unit, that it’s available and ready for use, and that it can handle conference calls with four or more participants. In larger conference rooms, a fixed device sitting on the table is less of a logistic concern, but more of an esthetic one. Modern room designs call for a cleaner approach with as little clutter as possible on the table.
Wires are even more of an inconvenience. Why? Well, wires are ugly, they need to be tucked away, and they require drilling holes in the table and running things under the floor or carpet. It’s a mess, and you have to put a lot of effort into hiding it. Wireless solutions (Bluetooth or other) eliminate the wire problem, but introduce other issues. These units need to be charged (and remember – in huddle rooms there usually isn’t anybody who takes care of the units). Also, many times there are bandwidth and reliability issues. On top of everything, wireless devices can create security concerns.
In future rooms (huddle or not), solutions that are installed away from the table will be more favorable. Right next to the TV monitor seems like the perfect location, as you already have “stuff” there. Other locations like the walls or the ceiling can also work. The challenge is to deliver uncompromised audio performance even when the audio endpoints are not on the table. This will support current trends of using more ad hoc setups, like huddle rooms, and in larger rooms putting a lot of emphasis on clean and modern designs.
2) Conferencing in Open Space Environments
This is a demand that is encountered quite often. This is a step further from the small room designated as the huddle room. With all the employees sitting in an open space setting, some users want the huddle to take place right in the middle of the office, within the open floor design. They envision employees sitting on a couch in the middle of the space, using their own laptops synchronized with a local monitor, and having a videoconference call. This poses a challenge for the microphone as it’s exposed to all the audio traveling across this open space. Ideally, for this kind of setting, you want to have a solution that will pick up the participants’ voices and not the people around them or behind them that are not part of the call. Similar requirement exist for the speaker part of the speakerphone. You want the participants to hear the far end, but you’d prefer not to expose the rest of the open space to this interference. We believe that this feature will be appealing to future open space designs and we foresee several solutions addressing this need becoming available in the near future.
Audio Cable
3) Collaboration and Whiteboards
This is not new, but is expected to gain momentum. These solutions are now being promoted and pushed by Microsoft (Project Rigel and the shipping of the Surface Hub), Intel (Unite), Crestron, Smart Technologies, Promethean, and many others. They will become more affordable and more popular and they will all include videoconferencing elements. How does that affect the design of the audio endpoint? The traditional place for the speakerphone, on the conference table, is far from being optimal for picking up the voice of the person standing next to the board. After all, this person will not be close to the speakerphone and on top of it will have his/her back to the device. Keep in mind that of all the participants, we would want this person’s voice to be the least compromised.
One obvious location that will work very well for the presenter is next to the board. One possible solution is to place a microphone in that location which could then be connected as an extension to the table mount speakerphone. A better solution would be an array that will pick up the audio from the entire room and eliminate the need for a device sitting on the table. However, this array has to be designed to work from close proximity (not trivial for an array) as well as from far away. An array capable of addressing this need, and being able to handle not just far field audio, but also close proximity, will be a perfect complementary solution to collaboration boards. We noticed that the market would also like to see a loudspeaker integrated with the microphone, even though most monitors already have built in speakers.
4) Remote Control and Remote Dialing
Most non-USB speakerphones have a dialer and display. What’s wrong with this? For one, if your table is rather large the dialer might be out of reach for some of the participants. This holds true for the display as well. It’s not a huge inconvenience, but an inconvenience nonetheless. It takes up real estate, makes the speakerphone bigger, and it costs money. In the age of the Internet of Things there is no reason to have any controls on the audio device itself. It needs to be networkable and controlled through an app on your phone, tablet, or PC. I expect some pushback due to security concerns and other considerations, but eventually I believe that audio endpoints will not need the local controls. Ideally, the audio pickup will allow the speakerphones (or microphones) to be placed on top of your monitor, on the ceiling, on the walls, and basically hidden away anywhere but on the table itself. These concepts require that conferencing endpoints, including the speakerphones, be controlled remotely as they will be out of reach.
5) Improved Processing
A person with proper hearing can pick up and process audio using his/her two ears much better than any speakerphone or microphone. We, using our ears, eyes, and brain, can tolerate reverberations much better that any existing de-reverb algorithm. We can ignore noises and we can understand someone even when others around him/her are talking at the same time. To me, this means that we still have a long way to go in terms of digital audio processing. In my opinion, progress can be achieved in two ways. First, current commonly used algorithms can be improved. Fortunately, advancements in the electronics field allow for more powerful DSPs, higher resolution codecs, and wider bandwidth elements. These improvements are sometimes not easily detectable, but they are there. The second way is by introducing new and more revolutionary approaches. These approaches could involve artificial intelligence, the assistance of vision for speech intelligibility, psychoacoustics, and more. This evolution is not necessarily a current trend, but more of a natural force leading to progress. These innovations are expected from audio endpoints so that they can continue to support the advancement in video and communication technology.
I welcome any comments, suggestions, or proposals for future developments. Please use the comment fields below.
About The Author
Joseph Marash
Joseph Marash is the founder and CEO of Phoenix Audio Technologies, a leading developer of audio conferencing equipment. He has an MSc. degree in Electronic Engineering and 35 years of experience in leading the development of DSP based audio solutions. Joe is a serial entrepreneur, Phoenix being his third endeavor. He is an authority in digital signal processing for audio, the writer of numerous patents in the field and has served as a consultant to a number of companies seeking advice on product development. View all posts by
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Marriage in ancient Greece had less of a basis in personal relationships and more in social responsibility. The goal and focus of all marriages was intended to be reproduction, making marriage an issue of public interest. Marriages were usually arranged by the parents; on occasion professional matchmakers were used. Each city was politically independent and each had its own laws concerning marriage. For the marriage to be legal, the woman's father or guardian gave permission to a suitable male who could afford to marry. Orphaned daughters were usually married to uncles or cousins. Wintertime marriages were popular due to the significance of that time to Hera, the goddess of marriage. The couple participated in a ceremony which included rituals such as veil removal, but it was the couple living together that made the marriage legal. Marriage was understood to be the official transition from childhood into adulthood for females.
Available historical records on the subject focus exclusively on Athens or Sparta and primarily on the aristocratic class. Scholars are uncertain whether these traditions were common throughout the rest of Ancient Greece and for those in lower classes or if these records are unique to these regions and social classes. These records are also primarily focused during the classical period. There is also limited information available about marriage in the city of Gortyn in ancient times, in the form of the legal text the Gortyn code.
The ancient Greek legislators considered marriage to be a matter of public interest. Marriages was intended to be monogamous. In keeping with this idea, the heroes of Homer never have more than one wife by law, though they may be depicted with living with concubines, or having sexual relationships with one or more woman. According to Plato's Laws, any man who was not married by age thirty-five could be punished with a loss of civil rights and with financial consequences. He proposes that when choosing a wife, men should always consider the interests of the state over their own desires.
In Ancient Sparta, the subordination of private interests and personal happiness to the good of the public was strongly encouraged by the laws of the city. One example of the legal importance of marriage can be found in the laws of Lycurgus of Sparta, which required that criminal proceedings be taken against those who married too late (graphe opsigamiou) or unsuitably (graphe kakogamiou), as well as against confirmed bachelors, that is, against those who did not marry at all (graphe agamiou). These regulations were founded on the generally recognised principle that it was the duty of every citizen to raise up a strong and healthy legitimate children to the state.
The Spartans considered teknopoioia (childbearing) as the main object of marriage. Because of this, whenever a woman had no children by her own husband, the state ought to allow her to live with another man. On the same principle, and to prevent the end of the family line, Spartan King Anaxandridas II was allowed to live with two wives. He kept two separate establishments: this was a case of bigamy, which, as Herodotus observes, was not at all consistent with Spartan nor indeed with Hellenic customs.
For a marriage to be viewed as legitimate in Athens, both the bride and groom had to be of free status, and after 451BCE, both had to be legitimate children of Athenian citizen families. Children of such unions would then be considered legitimate Athenian citizens when they came of age. Though the marriages were not legally recognized in Athens, wealthy metics would be considered married by those around them if they followed the same procedures and ceremonies. These couples would then act as any married Athenian couple would.
The Gortyn Code gives information on the law surrounding marriage in ancient Gortyn. Though the code records the law, scholar Sue Blundell reminds us we should not assume that this reflects a consistently held practice. The code seems to mostly address legality of marriages to consider the citizenship and political status of any children. Citizenship of the children of slave men and free women depended on where the children lived. Children were considered slaves if the couple lived and raised the children in the house of their father, making them property of his master. If the couple lived and raised children in the house of their mother they were considered free. Children born to two slave parents would be owned by their master.
Marriage was usually arranged between the parents of the bride and the groom. A man would choose his wife based on three things: the dowry, which was given by the father of the bride to the groom; her presumed fertility; and her skills, such as weaving. There were usually no established age limits for marriage, although, with the exception of political marriages, waiting until childbearing age was considered proper decorum. Many women were married by the age of 14 or 16, while men commonly married around the age of 30.
The son-in-law and father-in-law became allies (ἔται, etai, "clansmen") through the exchange of gifts in preparation for the transfer of the bride. Gifts (δῶρα dora) signified the alliance between the two households. The exchange also showed that the woman's family was not simply selling her or rejecting her; the gifts formalized the legitimacy of a marriage. Gifts from the betrothed wife (ἕδνα hedna) usually consisted of cattle.
A husband might have a wife and a concubine. If the wife gave consent, children bred from the concubine would be acknowledged as heirs to the husband. This practice was mainly confined to high status wealthy men, allowing them multiple concubines and mistresses but only one wife.
Marriages were also arranged through the meeting of the fathers of the young couple, basing the marriage on their interests in expanding a business or forging an alliance between the families, with little concern about what the groom thought of the situation, and no regard for what the wife wished.
Independent of any public considerations, there were also private or personal reasons (particular to the ancients) which made marriage an obligation. Plato mentions one of these as the duty incumbent upon every individual to provide for a continuance of representatives to succeed himself as ministers of the Divinity (toi Theoi hyperetas an' hautou paradidonai). Another was the desire felt by almost everyone, not merely to perpetuate his own name, but also to prevent his heritage being desolate, and his name being cut off, and to leave someone who might make the customary offerings at his grave. With this in mind, childless persons would sometimes adopt unwanted children, including children who had been left to die.
By Athenian law, a citizen was not allowed to marry a foreign woman, nor conversely, under very severe penalties. However, proximity by blood (anchisteia), or consanguinity (syngeneia), was not, with few exceptions, a bar to marriage in any part of Greece; direct lineal descent was. Thus brothers were permitted to marry even with sisters, if not homometrioi or born from the same mother, as Cimon did with Elpinice, though a connection of this sort appears to have been looked on with abhorrence.
There is no evidence to suggest that love ever played a significant role in selecting a legal spouse, though scholars have stated that it is likely there would have been affairs due to love.
In Athens, in the case of a father dying intestate and without male children, his heiress had no choice in marriage. The woman was not an heiress by modern day Western standards, as she could not actually own the land, however, she could not be separated from it. This meant that any man would have to first marry her in order to own the land. She was compelled by law to marry her nearest kinsman, usually a first cousin or an uncle that was capable of fathering children. If either the heiress and/or her potential husband are married they were required to divorce, unless the father had taken the precaution of adopting his daughter's current husband as his heir before his death. Under Solon's reforms couples of this nature were required to have sex a minimum of three times per month in order to concieve a male heir. If the heiress were poor (thessa), the nearest unmarried kinsman either married her or portioned her suitably to her rank. When there were several co-heiresses, they were respectively married to their kinsmen, the nearest having the first choice (see Epikleros). In fact the heiress, together with her inheritance, belonged to the kinsmen of the family, so that in early times a father could not give his daughter (if an heiress) in marriage without their consent. This was not the case, however, in later Athenian law, by which a father was empowered to dispose of his daughter by will or otherwise; just as widows were disposed of in marriage by the will of their husbands, who were still considered their rightful guardians (kyrioi).
The same practice of marrying in the family (oikos), especially in the case of heiresses, prevailed in Sparta. These women were known as patrouchoi. Leonidas married the heiress of Cleomenes I, as her anchisteia, or next of kin, and Anaxandrides his own sister's daughter. Moreover, if a father had not determined himself concerning his daughter, the king's court decided who among the privileged persons or members of the same family should marry the heiress.
Lin Foxhall has cited evidence of a similar tradition in ancient Gortyn, where the women were known as patroiokoi. These girls would be married as young as 12 in order to produce an heir as quickly as possible. They could be claimed first by paternal uncles, and if there was no uncles to make the claim, then paternal cousins by order of age would have the next right to marry her. If still no one was able to claim her, she was free to marry who she pleased "of the tribe from those who apply". However, if she were to turn down the first claimant, she would owe him half of her inheritance.
Ancient Greeks primarily married in winter, during the month of Gamelion, the equivalent of the month of January. Gamelion translates to "Wedding-Month". This was done in honour of the goddess of marriage, Hera. There were also special sacrifices made to her throughout the month. There are also many superstitions that say they married during full moons.
Match-making among the ancients remained outside the dominion of political and legal regulation. This was entirely left to the care and forethought of parents, or women who made a profession of it, and who were therefore called promnestriai or promnestrides. The profession, however, does not seem to have been thought very honourable or to have been held in repute, as being too nearly connected with that of a panderer (proagogos).
In ancient Athens, marriages were arranged between the groom and the guardian (kyrios) of the bride. The kyrios would announce that he was allowing his daughter to marry. The suitors would compete against each other for the daughters hand in marriage. They would bring extravagant gifts or compete by song, dance, or games. When the suitor was chosen for the daughter, the suitor and the father would proceed in a process known as engysis, (‘giving of a pledge into the hand’), which is where the two men would shake hands and say some ritual phrases. The woman did not decide whom she would marry, only under very special circumstances, and she played no active role in the engysis process, which was not out of the norm for that time period. After the engysis, the two would make a binding promise, which occurred before the marriage.
In Athens the engyesis, or betrothal, was in fact indispensable to the complete validity of a marriage contract. It was made by the natural or legal guardian (kyrios) of the bride, usually her father, and attended by the relatives of both parties as witnesses. In view of this crowd the guardian would say "I give you my daughter to sow for the purpose of producing legitimate children." to which the intended groom would respond "I take her." The law of Athens ordained that all children born from a marriage legally contracted in this respect should be legal gnesioi, and consequently, if sons, isomoiroi, entitled to inherit equally or in gavel-kind. It would seem, therefore, that the issue of a marriage without espousals would lose their heritable rights, which depended on their being born ex astes kai engyetes gynaikos, that is, from a citizen and a legally betrothed wife. The wife's dowry was also settled at the espousals.
In Sparta the betrothal of the bride by her father or guardian (kyrios) was requisite as a preliminary of marriage, just as at Athens. Another custom peculiar to the Spartans, and a relic of ancient times, was the seizure of the bride by her intended husband (see Herodotus, vi. 65), but of course with the sanction of her parents or guardians. She was not, however, immediately domiciled in her husband's house, but cohabited with him for some time clandestinely, till he brought her, and frequently her mother also, to his home. A similar custom appears to have prevailed in Crete, where, as we are told, the young men when dismissed from the agela of their fellows were immediately married, but did not take their wives home till some time afterwards. Muller suggests that the children of this furtive intercourse were called parthenioi.
The ancient Greek marriage celebration consisted of a three part ceremony which lasted three days: the proaulia, which was the pre-wedding ceremony, the gamos, which was the actual wedding, and the epaulia, which was the post-wedding ceremony. Most of the wedding was focused on the experience of the bride. In Athens specifically, most of the wedding would take place at night.
The proaulia was the time when the bride would spend her last days with her mother, female relatives, and friends preparing for her wedding. The proaulia was usually a feast held at the bride’s father’s house. During this ceremony, the bride would make various offerings, called the proteleia, to gods such as Artemis, Athena, and Aphrodite. “Toys would be dedicated to Artemis by adolescent girls prior to marriage, as a prelude to finding a husband and having children. More significant as a rite of passage before marriage was the ritual of the cutting and dedication of a lock of hair.” It is also likely that she would have offered the girdle worn since puberty to these goddesses. These offerings signified the bride's separation from childhood and initiation into adulthood. They also established a bond between the bride and the gods, who provided protection for the bride during this transition.
The gamos was the wedding day, where a series of ceremonies surrounded the transfer of the bride from her father's home to that of her new husband. It started with a sacrifice, proteleia, (premarital), which was for the gods to bless the two being wed. The day's rituals began with a nuptial bath which was given to the bride. This bath symbolized purification as well as fertility, and the water would have been delivered from a special location or type of container called the loutrophoros. The bride and groom then made offerings at the temple to ensure a fruitful future life. A wedding feast at the home of the father of the bride would be attended by both families. However, men and women sat at different tables, the women would sit and wait until the men were done. The most significant ritual of the wedding day was the anakalupteria, which was the removal of the bride's veil. This signified the completion of the transfer to her husband's family.
The woman consecrated the marriage by moving into the suitors living quarters. Once the woman stepped in the house the sunoikein, ‘living together’, legalized the engysis that the suitor and the kyrios made. The day after the marriage it was typical for the friends of the bride to visit the new home. Though the reason is unknown, it is thought this may have been to ease the transition into their new life.
The most important part was the marriage procession; a chariot driven by the groom bringing the still-veiled bride to his, and now her, home. They would be followed by relatives bringing gifts to the couple. The entire path would be lit by torches. The gifts given would often be painted with romantic images of marriage and newlyweds. It is likely that these images were chosen to ease the brides fear of her marriage to a man who would have often been a stranger. Upon arriving at the home they would be greeted by the mother-in-law and brought directly to the hearth of the home. At this point the couple would have been showered with dried fruits and nuts in order to bless them with fertility and prosperity. It was at this point where the groom would lead the bride to the bridal chamber and her veil would be ritually removed.
The epaulia took place on the day following the gamos. This is when the gifts were presented by the relatives of the couple and formally carried into the house. The gifts often were to reference the new sexual and domestic role of the wife. Some common gifts were jewellery, garments, perfume, pots, and furniture.
Spartan marriage lacked the ceremony of Athens. Spartan women would be willfully captured and dressed as a man, also having her hair shaved as a man would. In this attire the bride would be laid alone in the dark where a sober groom would sneak in, remove her belt, and carry her to bed. As men were required to sleep in the barracks, he would leave shortly after. This process of sneaking in would continue nightly. The bride would help this process by planning when and where it was safe for them to meet. Sometimes this process would continue for so long that couples would have children before meeting in the daylight. It is also likely that Spartan women were not married as young as Athenian women, as Spartans wanted a bride to be in her prime with a developed body, not of a slight or immature frame. In the average marriage Spartan brides were most likely around 18, grooms around 25. There is no evidence to suggest if the consent of the families was obtained before this type of marriage, but as far as sources suggest it was accepted by all Spartans.
Little is known about marriage ceremonies in ancient Gortyn, but some evidence suggests that brides may have been quite young, and would still live in their father's house until they could manage their husband's household.
Once married, domestic life began. The domestic space and duties were divided by male and female. The women would have their space upstairs, and the men downstairs. This helped keep women out of sight when any visitors or strangers were present in the space. Any entertainment would happen in the men's quarters to keep women hidden as well. It is thought that this seclusion of women may also have acted as a status symbol, as it was only wealthy families who could afford to have the space and staff to keep their women entirely secluded. The seclusion of women also guarantees the legitimacy to any children the woman has. In the women's space both free and slave women would mix company, working together to produce textiles. Weaving and producing textiles were considered an incredibly important task for women, and they would often offered particularly fine works to the gods. If the women wished to work outside on warm days they were able to do so in an interior courtyard. It was also important for women to be able to oversee the tasks of the household and slaves in the absence of her husband. A husband would train his wife to do this properly, as men could potentially be gone for long periods of time to deal with concerns of either democratic or military importance.
Regardless of being married, Spartan men continued to live in the barracks until age thirty in times of both peace and war. This separation of husband and wife was thought to keep their relationship passionate, as opportunities for intercourse were scarce. It was thought that children conceived from the passion this separation fostered would be more energetic and vigorous than the average child. The only goal of Spartan marriage was reproduction, and there was many cases of agreements being made for children to be conceived outside of the just the husband and wife. If a husband was very old he may choose a young man to impregnate his wife on his behalf. All of these measures were taken to ensure the children were as impressive as possible, and superior to non-Spartan children. Spartan wives could not work to earn money, and were expected to support themselves from the land assigned to them that was worked by slaves or lower class workers. It is not certain if women were assigned land themselves, or oversaw the land assigned to their husbands. Spartan women would not mourn the deaths of husbands or sons who died in war, but rather take pride in their brave acts and heroic death.
Though the Gortyn code gives limited information on married life in Gortyn, there is some evidence that women had more independence under the law than in places such as Athens or Sparta, though they were still not significant in comparison to the legal rights of men. Foxhall has stated that this law being in place however does not mean it was necessarily common practice. The laws also did not necessarily exist for the good of women or contribute to the overall well-being of women. Husbands and wives shared the income from their joint estates, but the woman kept sole control over her own property.
It is unknown how common it was for women to remain unmarried in ancient Greece, as single women would not have been of interest for male historians to write about. There are lines in Lysistrata by Aristophanes which allude to sadness the women of Athens have for women who have aged and are now unable to have legitimate children due to men having been gone so long to fight the Peloponnesian War. Unmarried women would have been financially dependent on their nearest male family member. If her family was poor, this may have caused the woman to turn to sex work in order to support herself.
According to scholars, divorce did not seem to be looked down upon in ancient Greece. Any negative reputation attributed to divorce would have been due to related scandals rather than the divorce itself. In ancient Athens, both husband and wife had the power to initiate a divorce. The husband simply had to send his wife back to her father to end the marriage. For the wife to obtain a divorce, she had to appear before the archon. Though divorces instigated by the wife would have had to have been registered with the archon, he did not seem to have the power to make any decision regarding it, and would simply take record of it.The wife would likely also have needed the support of her father and family. The wife was financially protected by laws which declared her dowry was to be returned in cases of divorce. There were two additional procedures by which people other than the couple could dissolve a marriage. The first of these was divorce initiated by the father of the bride; the only example of this procedure to have survived comes from Demosthenes' speech Against Spudias. This was only permitted if the wife had not borne her husband a child. Finally, if a woman became epikleros after her marriage, her closest male relative on her father's death was expected to end both his and her current marriage in order to marry her.
In cases where a woman was found to have committed adultery, the husband was obliged to divorce his wife under threat of disenfranchisement. It has been suggested that in some cases, in order to avoid scandal, husbands may not have strictly followed this law, however. Upon divorce, a husband was required to pay back his wife's dowry. If he did not, he was liable to pay 18% interest annually on it.
At Sparta, barrenness on the part of a wife seems to have been a ground for dismissal by the husband.
In Gortyn either husband or wife had the ability to divorce the other. When initiated by the husband he owed his wife a small financial compensation. Divorced wives kept their property, half of the crops from their own property, and half of what they had woven.
Another common reason for marriages to end was if someone was widowed. Women were often made widows when their husbands died in war, men commonly became widows as a result of death during childbirth. It was common for those who were divorced or widowed to be remarried.
Women in the classical world: image and text. | FINEWEB-EDU |
User:Usedtobecool/Notability (Nepal)
All of the following are notable:
* Politics
* MPs of the House of representatives, the National assembly and the provincial parliaments
* Ministers of the federal and provincial governments
* Political parties represented in the federal or provincial parliaments
* Places
* Village development Committees, rural municipalities, urban municipalities, districts, zones, development regions, provinces
* Literature
* Authors whose books have won the Madan Puraskar
* All books that have won the Madan Puraskar, Sajha Puraskar or the Jagadambashree Puraskar
* All books/literary works by Bhanubhakta Acharya, Motiram Bhatta, Laxmi Prasad Devkota, Madhav Prasad Ghimire, Kedar Man Vyathit, Parijat
* Films | WIKI |
JavaScript try/catch/finally error handling
5 min read
Photo by Hans Isaacson
I recently encountered a bug that used try/catch blocks to prevent propagating errors when DOM queries failed. The try/catch/finally combo is not exactly intuitive.
In this post I’ll talk about a bug I encountered after a components HTML structure was refactored but the underlining JavaScript logic was not. The existing code used a single try/catch block to find an element in the DOM, and if not found would try an alternative location for the element being targeted. If the first query of the DOM failed the error was caught, but subsequent queries also caused errors and were not handled correctly.
The component
The component in question is called a “multiple search page popup” which is a combination of a dropdown and a link, in this case the search icon is the link.
Multiple search page popup Multiple search page popup component
When the user selects an option from the dropdown and then clicks the search icon we use JavaScript to find the selected option and use it to open a specific popup page. There are as many different popup pages as there are options in the dropdown, and popup pages allow the user to search for specific information.
The bug appeared when some refactoring was done to use a “list box” component or a “select” element for the dropdown depending on some page context data. For example we went from using only a “select” element for all instances of the “multiple search page popup” component to using a “select” element or a “list box” component.
<select>
<option value="CP1">Person</option>
<option value="CP2">Employer</option>
</select>
A select element with options for the dropdown
<div id="list-box">
<div value="CP1">Person</div>
<div value="CP2">Employer</div>
</div>
A list box component using multiple div elements as options in the dropdown
I’m not going to go into why this decision was made because it does not help us understand error handling in this example. But at this point you should understand that we now use two different HTML structures depending on the page context. And both versions of this component look identical to the user.
With this change in the HTML structure the JavaScript logic for finding the selected option is now fragmented, the old code searched in a single DOM location to grab the selected option from the select dropdown, but now we must search in another DOM location if it was not already found.
The bug 🐛
I’ve re-created the “multiple search page popup” component HTML structure in a very basic example. This is the new version that will be used on some pages of the application, alongside the old version. And should help to illustrate the bug I encountered.
<div id="container">
<input value="CP1" />
<div id="list-box">
<div id="list-box-item" value="CP1">Person (CP1)</div>
<div id="list-box-item" value="CP2">Employer (CP2)</div>
</div>
<a href="#" id="link">Open popup</a>
</div>
New variant of the multiple search page popup component using a list box
Multiple search page popup recreated Multiple search page popup component rendered in the browser
In the above code snippet and image you can see the newest version of the “multiple search page popup” component. I’ve omitted some styling to hide the options Person and Employer behind a dropdown menu. And the “Open popup” link represents the search icon.
The input element shows the value associated with the users selection from the “dropdown”, in this case the user selected Employer which has a value of CP2. Now when the “Open popup” link is clicked this value of CP2 is used to select the popup page to be rendered.
document.querySelectorAll('#list-box-item').forEach(function (item) {
item.addEventListener('click', function () {
const container = this.parentNode.parentNode
const hiddenInputElement = container.childNodes[1]
hiddenInputElement.value = this.getAttribute('value')
})
})
This is an example of the code used to interact with the list box component. You may have some suggestions for improvements, but for now this is what we have to work with.
document.querySelector('#link').addEventListener('click', function () {
let value = null
const container = this.parentNode
// find the selected option
try {
// location 1
const selectElement = container.childNodes[0]
value = selectElement.options[selectElement.selectedIndex]
} catch (e) {
// location 2
const selectElement = container.childNodes[1]
value = selectElement.options[selectElement.selectedIndex]
}
console.log(value)
})
Multiple search popup component logic (old)
And this is the old JavaScript logic that closely resembles where the bug was found. It searches in two different locations expecting a select element in both cases.
This code was designed to work with the original version of our “multiple search popup component” and will not search for the selected option in our new component variant that uses a “list box” component so we need to update it.
document.querySelector('#link').addEventListener('click', function () {
let value = null
const container = this.parentNode
// find the selected option
try {
// location 1
const selectElement = container.childNodes[0]
value = selectElement.options[selectElement.selectedIndex]
} catch (e) {
// location 2
const selectElement = container.childNodes[1]
value = selectElement.options[selectElement.selectedIndex]
}
// location 3
if (!value) {
const hiddenInputElement = container.firstElementChild
value = hiddenInputElement.value
}
console.log(value)
})
Multiple search popup component logic (new)
This was the first change I made and tested. We added a new location to search, location 3, the first child of the container. This should grab our input element in our “list box” component to find the selected option value if the first two searches fail.
But this code does not work, because in our catch block we look in location 2 and if the element is not found an error is thrown. This stops function execution so we never get to search in our new location, location 3. This sent me down the try/catch/finally error handling rabbit hole.
Error handling
Below is a series of code examples that use the try/catch/finally blocks to illustrate how they work and differ from one another. Understanding how they work together can be a little tricky, so if your interested take your time to understand each in turn.
The finally block will always run, for example:
function run() {
try {
// no error
} finally {
console.log('this will always run')
}
}
run()
No errors are thrown, finally will run
function run() {
try {
throw new Error()
} finally {
console.log('this will always run')
}
}
run()
Throw an error in try, finally will run
function run() {
try {
throw new Error()
} catch (e) {
// no error
} finally {
console.log('this will always run')
}
}
run()
Throw an error in try but not in catch, finally will run
function run() {
try {
throw new Error()
} catch (e) {
throw new Error()
} finally {
console.log('this will always run')
}
}
run()
Throw an error in try and an error in catch, finally will run
Now we know finally will always run even if we do not throw an error, but function execution may not always continue, for example;
function run() {
try {
// no error
} finally {
console.log('this will always run')
}
console.log('this will run')
}
run()
No errors are thrown, function execution continues
function run() {
try {
throw new Error()
} finally {
console.log('this will always run')
}
console.log('this will NOT run')
}
run()
Throw an error in try, function execution stops
function run() {
try {
throw new Error()
} catch (e) {
// no error
} finally {
console.log('this will always run')
}
console.log('this will run')
}
run()
Throw an error in try but not in catch, function execution continues
function run() {
try {
throw new Error()
} catch (e) {
throw new Error()
} finally {
console.log('this will always run')
}
console.log('this will NOT run')
}
run()
Throw an error in try and in catch, function execution stops
So function execution will continue only if there are no errors, or if we have a catch block that does not throw any errors.
try {
setTimeout(() => {
throw new Error()
}, 100)
} catch (err) {
alert('WOAH! there was an error')
} finally {
console.log('this will always run')
}
console.log('this will run')
One final little thing I wanted to highlight about the try/catch/finally logic is that if we introduce some asynchronous code exection here we essentially break out of the try/catch/finally entirely. In the above example the alert() call is ignored and the error thrown in the try section will be output to the console.
This is because the setTimeout() function will branch the process exection and will just continue on as normal hitting the finally section and beyond. Then when the timeout delay is up the browser will be hit with this error out of nowhere and it won’t know what to do with it. So be careful with asynchronous code execution in try/catch/finally blocks.
The solution
If we take this learning now, and apply it to our bug described above in the “multiple search page popup” component, we can implement a very basic solution. This solution will search across different DOM locations and HTML structures until we find our selected option.
document.querySelector('#link').addEventListener('click', function () {
let value = null
const container = this.parentNode
// find the selected option
try {
// location 1
if (!value) {
const selectElement = container.childNodes[0]
value = selectElement.options[selectElement.selectedIndex]
}
} catch (e) {
// do nothing
}
try {
// location 2
if (!value) {
const selectElement = container.childNodes[1]
value = selectElement.options[selectElement.selectedIndex]
}
} catch (e) {
// do nothing
}
try {
// location 3
if (!value) {
const hiddenInputElement = container.firstElementChild
value = hiddenInputElement.value
}
} catch (e) {
// do nothing
}
console.log(value)
})
Each time we query the DOM we do it inside of a try/catch block
In the above code snippet we look for a “select” element in our containers child nodes collection at index 0 and 1. Failing this we then grab the first child element of the container and extract it’s value. This covers all known variants of our “multiple search page popup” component, using both the “select” element and a “list box” component.
Remember in the first version of this component a “select” element is used to implement the dropdown. With a “select” element we can query the elements options attribute and grab the entry at the selected index.
But in our new version of the component a “list box” component uses a bunch of div elements with an input element used to hold the selected options value.
Conclusion
In this post I talked about a bug in a component I encountered recently that made me think a little harder about how the try/catch/finally blocks worked. At first I misunderstood when a functions execution would continue under certain error conditions, but as I explored a little deeper things became more clear.
When you need to query the DOM in multiple locations within a single function call then maybe the solution presented here is “good enough”. But I’m sure there are better ways to handle this type of scenario. I would have preferred to isolate the logic for each variant of the “multiple search page popup” component to avoid having one function check multiple use cases, but there was potential here to impact the wider system so it was avoided.
Working on this bug has reminded me that having a comprehensive set of unit and integration tests ensuring system stability as you refactor code is extremely valuable. Tests give you confidence that your changes are not negatively impacting the wider system, but only if you have quality tests. Badly written tests can give developers false positives, but I think some bad tests are still better than no tests at all.
So write some tests! if not for you, then do it for future you, or me.
References
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Beauty
How Long Does Body Contouring Last?
How Long Does Body Contouring Last
Individuals seeking an ideal physique frequently turn to body sculpting operations to improve their appearance and build self-confidence. Body contouring is a term that refers to a variety of surgical and non-surgical therapies that try to sculpt and reshape specific regions of the body. While the immediate outcomes can be remarkable, it is critical to understand how long these operations will last.
What is body contouring?
Body contouring is a term used to describe a variety of medical operations used to modify and enhance specific regions of the body. To achieve a more balanced and proportionate body, excess fat is removed, loose skin is tightened, and muscle tone is improved. Body contouring can target a variety of locations, including the belly, hips, thighs, buttocks, breasts, and arms, allowing patients to tailor their treatment to their specific concerns and goals.
What are the various body contouring procedures?
Body contouring methods include abdominoplasty, breast lift or augmentation, buttock augmentation, liposuction, and thigh or arm lifts. These operations are designed to address specific issues such as excess fat, drooping skin, or poor muscle tone.
What are the benefits of body contouring?
Body contouring can improve your physical and emotional well-being. Body contouring can have major physical and emotional benefits. Excess fat and skin can alleviate physical discomfort, improve mobility, and improve general physical well-being. Furthermore, the psychological consequence of feeling more confident in one’s own skin can improve mental health and overall emotional well-being.
Body-sculpting treatments frequently result in increased self-confidence and body image. Individuals may feel more at ease and confident in their looks, which may lead to positive changes in other parts of their lives.
Body contouring allows people to attain a more proportionate and balanced physique by addressing particular areas of concern. It can improve overall body form by creating smoother body contours, eliminating persistent fat pockets, and removing stubborn fat pockets.
How long does body contouring last?
Longevity is determined by various aspects relating to the individual’s physiology, lifestyle, and the precise treatment performed.
Body reshaping results last a different amount of time based on the operation and individual characteristics. Non-surgical treatments, such as non-invasive fat reduction methods or skin tightening procedures, may give noticeable results, but their benefits are typically transient. Surgical interventions, on the other hand, provide longer-term outcomes.
The fat cells that are removed during liposuction are permanently removed. If the patient regains weight, the residual fat cells may grow, potentially harming the treated areas. Abdominoplasty (tummy tuck) can produce long-term effects, particularly if the patient maintains a stable weight and leads a healthy lifestyle. Although the natural ageing process and lifestyle choices can impact the shape and look of the breasts over time, breast lifts and augmentations can provide long-term results.
The longetivity depends on:
The body composition of each individual, as well as their natural predisposition to acquire or lose weight, play an important part in determining the longevity of body contouring. It is critical to maintain a constant weight in order to preserve the results of these operations. Significant weight changes can have an impact on the treated areas, thereby reducing the results of body reshaping.
The ageing process reduces skin elasticity, which is critical to preserving body contouring outcomes. The skin naturally loses firmness and becomes more prone to sagging over time. While body contouring operations can remove excess skin and make you look younger, the ageing process will continue to impact your skin.
Diet, exercise, and overall health are all factors that influence the duration of body contouring outcomes. Adopting a nutritious diet and engaging in regular physical activity not only help to maintain a healthy weight but also build muscle tone, which can improve the results of body sculpting treatments. Poor lifestyle behaviours, such as smoking or excessive alcohol use, can, on the other hand, have a negative impact on the lifetime of these operations.
The techniques used during body contouring surgeries also have an impact on how long the results last. Surgeons use several procedures depending on the patient’s needs, such as the extent of tissue removal, incision placement, and tissue tightness. Modern surgical techniques, such as those that use smaller incisions or modern technologies, may contribute to longer-lasting results.
Important things to remember:
It is critical for people thinking about body sculpting to have realistic expectations. While these procedures can produce impressive results, it is critical to note that they are not intended to replace weight loss or a healthy lifestyle. Maintaining a stable weight and establishing healthy behaviours are critical for long-term results.
Body contouring, like any surgical or invasive procedure, has potential dangers and side effects. Infection, scarring, bleeding, asymmetry, or changes in appearance are examples of these.
Conclusion
Body-reshaping operations can have a dramatic effect on an individual’s appearance and self-confidence. While the durability of these procedures is determined by a variety of factors such as body composition, ageing, lifestyle, and surgical techniques, maintaining a stable weight and leading a healthy lifestyle are crucial to extending the results. Understanding these elements and having realistic expectations will help.
You may also like... | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Why Copper Armoured Cable Preferred Choice For Many Electrical Installations?
Posted by Admin on July, 05, 2023
In the world of electrical installations, copper armoured cable plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe and efficient transmission of power. Copper Armoured Cable Supplier offers cables that are widely used in various industries and applications due to their robust construction, excellent conductivity, and enhanced protection.
Read on to learn about the various benefits of copper armoured cables.
Robust Construction
Copper armoured cables are renowned for their robust construction, which offers superior resistance to environmental hazards and mechanical stresses. A layer of insulation material surrounds the copper conductor of the cable, which has excellent electrical conductivity.
The conductor is shielded from chemical exposure, heat, and moisture by this insulation layer. The insulation is further shielded from impact, compression, and rodent interference by encasing it in an armoured layer, which is typically made of steel or aluminium.
Enhanced Protection
The enhanced protection capabilities of copper armoured cables are one of the primary benefits. The armoured layer protects the cable from external factors that could compromise its integrity by acting as a shield. These cables are suitable for installation in harsh environments, underground applications, and areas prone to mechanical stress due to their high resistance to abrasion, crushing, and penetration.
Copper armoured cables are suitable for installations that are resistant to fire because the armour also provides an additional level of protection against fire hazards.
Excellent Conductivity
Copper is widely regarded as an excellent conductor of electricity. It possesses superior electrical conductivity compared to other metals commonly used in cables, such as aluminium. This high conductivity ensures minimal power losses during transmission, resulting in efficient energy transfer and reduced operational costs.
Copper armoured cables are particularly suitable for applications that require high current-carrying capacity, making them ideal for industrial settings, power distribution networks, and heavy-duty equipment installations.
Versatile Applications
Copper armoured cable tracks down applications across many businesses and areas. These cables are frequently used in the following areas:
In construction projects, copper armoured cables are frequently used to supply electricity to residential, commercial, and industrial complexes. They can be used in buried or exposed installations as well as indoor and outdoor ones.
Power distribution systems, such as overhead transmission lines, transformers, and substations, typically make use of copper armoured cables. The safe and reliable transmission of electricity over long distances is made possible by their sturdy construction.
Cables that can withstand extreme conditions and provide a dependable power supply in hazardous environments are required by the oil and gas industry. Due to their resistance to harsh chemicals, moisture, and mechanical stresses, copper armoured cables are ideal for these applications.
In mining operations and heavy industries where the cables may be subjected to rough handling, abrasion, or high temperatures, copper armoured cables are frequently utilized. They are made to withstand these tough conditions and keep the power flowing.
Conclusion
Copper armoured cables are an essential component in modern electrical installations due to their robust construction, enhanced protection, excellent conductivity, and versatile applications. Their reliable power transmission makes them an ideal choice for various industries, including construction, power distribution, oil and gas, and mining.
By choosing copper armoured cables, you can ensure the safety, efficiency, and longevity of your electrical infrastructure.
This entry was posted on July, 05, 2023 at 10 : 42 am and is filed under Armoured Cables. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response from your own site.
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Charlo Greene
The result was keep. j⚛e deckertalk 01:38, 22 October 2014 (UTC)
Charlo Greene
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
WP:BLP1E. As a television anchor for a local Anchorage TV station she was more significant the an average person before the one event (quitting on air), but not sufficiently so to rate a separate article. VQuakr (talk) 01:50, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
* Delete Literally only famous for one event and four words she said; the rest of her career (especially if the referendum she's campaigning for is defeated) is no better than any other broadcast professional. Nate • ( chatter ) 03:23, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
* Weak keep. Initially I was going to argue that this should redirect to KTVA and if this is ultimately deleted, I'd recommend that this redirect to that section with history. What made me change my mind, albeit reluctantly, is that High Times is going to give her one of their awards on the 16th of this month. They're pretty influential when it comes to marijuana advocacy and counterculture, so an award from them is no small shakes- especially since they apparently don't give out many of them. This, along with the coverage, is just enough to where I'd argue a weak, shaky keep. But again, I wouldn't be adverse to this redirecting to the KTVA article as long as we leave the article history intact for if/when she gains more coverage. Tokyogirl79 (｡◕‿◕｡) 08:17, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Alaska-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:58, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of News media-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:59, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Television-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:59, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Businesspeople-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:59, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
* Keep - Significant coverage in multiple reliable sources. Would create an WP:UNDUE issue at KTVA. ~KvnG 16:53, 7 October 2014 (UTC)
* which sources cover the subject beyond the context of the single event of her resignation? VQuakr (talk) 06:25, 8 October 2014 (UTC)
* I think is is clear that point 3 of WP:BLP1E is not met here. All three must be met for this exclusion to apply. The extent of coverage indicates the event was notable and she was central to the event. ~KvnG 21:52, 8 October 2014 (UTC)
* You think that per point 3, the event of her quitting meets WP:NEVENT? VQuakr (talk) 00:10, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
* Yes. Definitely significant non-routine coverage with adequate scope. You may argue that it is too soon to know for sure whether coverage persists over time but current indications are that there's resonance here. ~KvnG 05:15, 11 October 2014 (UTC)
* What did it for me was the High Times Award and now she's apparently been named by Elle as one of the most powerful women in the pot industry. It's not the most solid keep for me even with the Elle post, but I think that it just barely squeaks out of BLP1E since she's been receiving various awards and recognition for her pot activism and the way she quit. Tokyogirl79 (｡◕‿◕｡) 04:26, 11 October 2014 (UTC)
* Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
* Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, NorthAmerica1000 02:07, 14 October 2014 (UTC)
* Weak keep. I'm of two minds on this one. This started out as nothing more than another human interest story that would disappear in a few weeks -- WP:TOOSOON at best. Now, there's a decent chance that major magazine coverage has pushed her into the notable category. I'm inclined to leave the article in Wikipedia. If it turns out I'm wrong, I can always be trouted in another AfD in six months or so. --Larry/Traveling_Man (talk) 06:04, 14 October 2014 (UTC)
* Keep. I guess I agree with Traveling Man above. We can always come back in a month or two. NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 01:14, 21 October 2014 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Page:Narrativeavoyag01wilsgoog.djvu/200
168 managed just like children. They were easily taught to distinguish conventional right from wrong, and many instances occurred, which proved their aptitude in this respect.
Miago, after having become honest himself, once detected one of his companions endeavouring to secrete a spoon, while they were about to partake of some rice prepared for them ;—provoked by this ungrateful behaviour, he instantly took it from the delinquent, and sent him away, without permitting him to have any share of the food.
On first visiting the settlement, a native would invariably pilfer anything that came in his way that he could secrete, but the article was always brought back by those who knew that such conduct was not tolerated by their civilized visiters.
They also soon learned to place confidence in a person whose word was to be depended on. Some of our people acted, perhaps, in rather a reprehensible manner, by promising the natives a mambrual (or some other present), merely to get rid of their importunities, without any intention of performing their promise, thinking the natives would forget the circumstance; but, in this supposition, they were completely deceived, being invariably and pertinaciously reminded of their promise, and the natives looked on them as not to be trusted in | WIKI |
Arnold Bode
Arnold Bode (23 December 1900 – 3 October 1977) was a German architect, painter, designer and curator.
Arnold was born in Kassel, Germany. From 1928 to 1933, he worked as a painter and university lecturer in Berlin. However, when the Nazis came to power they banned him from his profession. He returned to his home town of Kassel following the war.
Bode organized the first documenta exhibition in Kassel in 1955. This featured a broad overview of 20th-century art using large spaces in an innovative way. It was an unprecedented success. Frieze Magazine claims: 'documenta's singularity becomes clear in comparison with the Venice Biennale, which began in 1895 and inspired the Bienal de São Paulo in 1951 before spawning endless copies across the globe in the 1990s. After the first national pavilion was built in 1907 by Belgium in the Giardini, the Biennale became a battleground between countries, their artists and their pavilions: an Olympics of art. By contrast, documenta's internationalism remains rooted in the failures of nationalism: the defeat and material hardship wrought by National Socialism and the repressed shame surrounding the Holocaust.'
Bode organized three more documenta exhibitions, finishing with documenta 4. Others have since continued to produce regular documenta exhibitions in Kassel. Bode received the German Federal Cross of Merit in 1974.
Bode's daughter is Renee Nele. | WIKI |
State Highway 15 (Tamil Nadu)
State Highway 15 (Tamil Nadu) (SH-15) is a State Highway maintained by the Highways Department of Government of Tamil Nadu. It connects Erode with Udagamandalam (Ooty) in the western part of Tamil Nadu.
Route
The total length of the SH-15 is 161.6 km.
Route: Erode- Gobichettipalayam - Sathyamangalam - Mettupalayam - Kotagiri - Udagamandalam
The Mettupalayam-Kotagiri section is also known as Kotagiri Ghat Road. It is one of the five Nilgiri Ghat Roads.
Destinations
The highway passes through the following places:
* Erode District - Erode, Gobichettipalayam, Sathyamangalam
* Coimbatore District - Mettupalayam
* Nilgiris District - Kotagiri, Udagamandalam
Junctions
The highway meets the following arterial roads along the way:
* State Highway 20 at Erode
* National Highway 544 at Chittode
* State Highway 81 at Gobichettipalayam
* State Highway 15A at Gobichettipalayam
* National Highway 948 at Sathyamangalam
* National Highway 181 at Mettupalayam | WIKI |
Launch different bash configurations for Linux vs OSX, interactive vs batch
Latest commit 4829252 Dec 18, 2012 @josephwecker Merge pull request #2 from bsutic/master
Add cygwin support
Permalink
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README.md
bashrc_dispatch
README.md
bashrc_dispatch
Different bash configurations for Linux vs OSX, interactive vs batch
(For related discussion see hackernews)
Are you tired of trying to remember what .bashrc does vs .bash_profile vs .profile?
Are you tired of trying to remember how Darwin (Mac OS X) treats them differently from Linux?
Are you tired of not having your ~/.bash* stuff work the way you expect?
Setup / Usage
Symlink all of the following files to bashrc_dispatch (after reading warnings below):
• ~/.bashrc
• ~/.bash_profile
• ~/.profile (only if your scripts are all 'sh' compatible- otherwise get rid of it altogether)
• ~/.bash_login
And then you can use these instead:
• ~/.bashrc_once: sourced at least once, and in most circumstances only once- before anything else.
• ~/.bashrc_all: sourced on every bash instantiation
• ~/.bashrc_script: sourced only when non-interactive / batch
• ~/.bashrc_interactive: the one you'll probably fill up (mutually exclusive with ~/.bashrc_script)
• ~/.bashrc_login: sourced only when an interactive shell is also a login.
To reiterate,
1. ~/.bashrc_once will be run before any of the others, but then won't be run again (ideally).
2. ~/.bashrc_all will run next, and will be run on every bash invocation. (so keep it light)
3. Then either ~/.bashrc_script or ~/.bashrc_interactive will be run next depending on whether or not the bash invocation is interactive.
4. Finally, sometimes, like when you first ssh into a machine or often when opening a new terminal window on a mac, the ~/.bashrc_login will be run after the ~/.bash_interactive. So ~/.bashrc_login is the one where you'd echo a banner or whatever. For things like setting the PATH, use .bashrc_once instead.
Exported Stuff
In addition to the dispatching, you'll forever have the following available:
• $SHELL_PLATFORM (either LINUX, OSX, BSD, CYGWIN or OTHER),
• shell_is_linux,
• shell_is_osx,
• shell_is_cygwin,
• shell_is_interactive,
• shell_is_script.
The functions are meant for clean conditionals in your new ~/.bashrc_* scripts like:
$ shell_is_linux && echo 'leenux!'
or something like:
$ if shell_is_interactive ; then echo 'interact' ; fi
Warnings
• Obviously don't simply blow away your existing startup scripts if they have anything in them- you'll need their content to populate the new bashrc_* stuff.
• If you symlink ~/.profile to this script you may be fine, but since it sometimes gets sourced by a true sh command and the script currently has some bash-only stuff, it might not. Specifically, remove the symlink to ~/.profile if anything starts acting strange on startup or xwindows-based login.
• Be very careful what you put in .bashrc_all and .bashrc_script - it may slow the system down. I put them there for conceptual completeness- that doesn't mean you have to use them (:
Additional Configuration
There are few knobs you can turn to make bashrc_dispatch behave as you prefer.
• EXPORT_FUNCTIONS: set it to false to disable the export of $SHELL_PLATFORM and all the shell_is_* functions and avoid polluting all the other shells' environments.
• Inside bashrc_dispatch you can change PRF= to a location other than ${HOME}/. to have it look for your new bashrc_* scripts somewhere else.
• In general, modify your bashrc_dispatch script as much as you need to. You'll see there's not a lot of code there. Much less code then there are comments in this readme. Please share a patch if you like your modification.
Authors
Development
Code : https://github.com/josephwecker/bashrc_dispatch
Report issues : https://github.com/josephwecker/bashrc_dispatch/issues
License
This is free software released into the public domain. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
A comparison of the expression of lymphocyte activation markers in blood, bronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage: evidence for an enrichment of activated T lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar space
A Ekberg-Jansson, E Arva, O Nilsson, Claes-Göran Löfdahl, B Andersson
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Abstract
In this study healthy never-smoking subjects (n = 18) were recruited from a population study. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), blood lymphocytes and bronchial biopsies, analysed both in the epithelium and lamina propria, were stained for T and B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells and different subpopulations of T lymphocytes. In BAL, significantly higher proportions of T lymphocytes (CD3), T lymphocyte activation markers; HLA-DR, CD26+, CD49a+, CD54+ and CD69+, helper T (CD3+4+) and memory helper T lymphocytes (CD4+45RO+29+) and memory T lymphocytes (CD3+45RO+) were found, compared to blood. However, the proportion of IL-2 receptor-positive T lymphocytes (CD25+) was lower in BAL than in blood. A previously described higher ratio of CD3+4+/CD3+8+ in BAL than in blood (3.4 vs 1.7; P = 0.001) was confirmed. In bronchial biopsies, we found significantly higher numbers of CD8+ cell profiles per mm2 in the epithelial compared to the lamina propria compartment. We conclude that healthy never-smoking men have higher levels of activated memory T lymphocytes in BAL than in blood, and that the T-cell subpopulations differ in the epithelial compared to the lamina propria compartment in the bronchial mucosa and these compartments should be analysed separately. It is reasonable to think that there is a gradient from blood to the airway lumen where T cells are recruited from blood to take part in the defense towards damaging agents.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)563-570
JournalRespiratory Medicine
Volume93
Issue number8
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1999
Subject classification (UKÄ)
• Respiratory Medicine and Allergy
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'A comparison of the expression of lymphocyte activation markers in blood, bronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage: evidence for an enrichment of activated T lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar space'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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dardo
Noun
* 1) dart sharp pointed missile weapon
* 2) stinger of an insect
Noun
* 1) dart
Etymology
, from, from.
Noun
* 1) dart, arrow
Etymology
, from, from.
Noun
* 1) dart
* 2) javelin
Etymology
, from, from.
Noun
* 1) dart | WIKI |
Talk:isihlahla
Etymology
This word may be related to Swahili "bush, shrub".
Smashhoof (talk) 20:40, 25 February 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
Jovan Bošković
Jovan Bošković (Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Бошковић, Novi Sad, 19 February 1834 - Belgrade, 7 January 1893 ) was a Serbian professor, philologist, librarian, and politician.
Biography
His father was Stevan Bošković, a bootmaker, originally from Veliki Bečkerek and mother Marija. He allegedly comes from the family line of the famous general Simeon Zorić, a Serb in the service of Imperial Russia during the rule of Empress Catherine the Great.
He graduated from the Novi Sad Gymnasium in 1850, and continued his university education in the north of Hungary (today's Slovakia), in Modra (1850/51) and Požun, where he graduated in 1852 with a bachelor's degree. During the Slovak years, he met and befriended Martin Hattala, Ján Kalinčiak and Ľudovít Štúr, whose work he translated into Serbian. He studied law in Vienna. He spoke several languages: Slovak, Czech, Hungarian, German, Ancient Greek and Modern Greek. In addition to studying law, he also attended lectures on Slavic philology by the famous professor Franc Miklošič together with Đuro Daničić. In Vienna, he was also an associate of Vuk Karadžić, whose enthusiastic supporters he would become.
Career
After returning to Novi Sad, he worked for a while as a clerk in the law office of Jovan Subotić, and in 1859 he moved to Serbia. In Belgrade, he first worked as a private teacher for children from respectable homes, and in 1861 he was appointed professor of the Savamal lower grammar school. The following year, he worked as a professor at the high school in Kragujevac and the high school in Belgrade. His Excerpt from Serbian Grammar (1863) was published several times and was a textbook in high schools until the grammar of Stojan Novaković.
When Đura Daničić left the Visoka škola in 1865, Bošković came to his place, where he taught subjects in Slavic philology. He remained in this position until 1871, when he was fired after defending the autonomy of the Grande école. He then returned to Novi Sad, where he was the chief school supervisor of Novi Sad's Serbian school board, a librarian and the assistant secretary of Matica Srpska. For some time he edited the Zastava and the organ Letopis (Chronicle) of the Matica Srpska.
In 1875, he went to Serbia again, and was invited to take over the position of librarian of the National Library of Serbia and curator of the National Museum of Serbia. He remained in these positions until 1880, when he was re-elected professor of Slavic philology at the Grande école. From 1883 to 1891 he was the secretary of the Serbian Academic Society (Srpsko učeno društvo). As the Court was merged with the Serbian Royal Academy, Bošković became a member. He was awarded the Order of Saint Sava for his many accomplishments.
Politician
During his stay in Novi Sad, he was twice elected a member of the National-Church Assembly in Sremski Karlovci (1872 and 1874) on the list of the Serbian People's Liberal Party. In the Principality of Serbia, he was twice a member of the National Assembly, a member of the school commission, the main educational council and the Constituent Board. When the government of Jovan Avakumović was formed in 1892, Bošković became the Minister of Education and Church Affairs.
Writer
He was a well-known fighter for the correctness of language and the use of the vernacular in literature. His grammar marked the practical victory of Vuk's principles. He has written a large number of articles on language, theater reviews, and obituaries. He was also engaged in translation work, publishing books by older writers and bibliography. He published Poems by Branko Radičević (Pančevo, 1879) and Ivan Gundulić's Osman (Zemun, 1889) with a preface and comments. Towards the end of his life, he began collecting writings on the purity of language and style, but out of the planned eight, he published only two volumes on the Serbian Language.
Cultural activity
He was one of the founders of the National Theater in Belgrade, a member and later vice-president of the theater board, and during the Serbian-Turkish wars of 1876-1878. years and interim administrator. From 1871 to 1875 he was a member of the Board of Directors of the Serbian National Theater in Novi Sad. He was one of the founding members and a member of the first Board of the Serbian Archaeological Society in 1883. Bošković was in 1868-1869. at the head of the Belgrade Singing Society ".
He died suddenly of a heart attack in Belgrade in 1893. He was buried at state expense as a distinguished citizen of Serbia. | WIKI |
Amanattō
Amanattō (甘納豆) is a Japanese traditional confectionery made of azuki or other beans, covered with refined sugar after simmering with sugar syrup and drying. It was developed by Hosoda Yasubei during the Bunkyū years (1861–1863) in the Edo period. He opened a wagashi store in Tokyo, which he named for his childhood name: Eitaro. This store continues to operate.
Amanattō was originally called amananattō (甘名納糖); the name was abbreviated to amanattō after World War II. The resemblance of the name to the fermented bean dish nattō is coincidental.
In Hokkaidō, amanattō is used in cooking sekihan. For this reason, unlike other areas in East Asia, the sekihan of Hokkaidō is a little sweet. | WIKI |
Talk:Thomas (name)
Origin of Name
Could the name not come from the Greek θαυμα or θωμα in the Ionic dialect, meaning "wonder" or "marvel?" This is what I always assumed the origin was.
Vandalism
This was at the bottom I don't think anyone blames me for removing it "* Gibberish language:eopfmoemfsef (pronounced Tomdom!!!!!Woo!!!Thats Meee)" --Tomvasseur (talk) 15:20, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
I think that the word comes from the aramaic language, but not used for a name. It is the greek word θωμας as a transkription from the aramaic being used to call persons. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:07, 15 March 2010 (UTC)
King Thomas
Just curious. I couldn't find any reference to a king with the name Thomas. Plenty of dukes, at least one prince (Prince Thomas, Duke of Genoa), but hasn't there ever been a King Thomas? TomS TDotO (talk) 12:09, 12 December 2013 (UTC)
Proposed merge tag removed
It was placed on the article in April with no comment or discussion on the talk page. I have removed it. Ifnord (talk) 21:20, 6 December 2018 (UTC)
Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Thomas which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 12:33, 20 February 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Poems (1915) G K Chesterton.djvu/23
ORDS, for alas my trade is words, a barren burst of rhyme,
Rubbed by a hundred rhymesters, battered a thousand times,
Take them, you, that smile on strings, those nobler sounds than mine,
The words that never lie, or brag, or flatter, or malign.
I give a hand to my lady, another to my friend,
To whom you too have given a hand; and so before the end
We four may pray, for all the years, whatever suns be set,
The sale two prayers worth praying—to live and not forget.
The pale leaf falls in pallor, but the green leaf turns to gold;
We that have found it good to be young shall find it good to be old;
Life that bringeth the marriage bell, the cradle and the grave,
Life that is mean to the mean of heart, and only brave to the brave. | WIKI |
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How to Find Tire Age
The sidewall of a tire tells you a lot about it-everything from its name to its size. To check the age of your tire, you need to find the DOT number.. The Department of Transportation puts a DOT number on every tire manufactured for sale in theUnited States. It's next to the size information. The DOT number appears in smaller type than the size code.
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Make sure you check the DOT number on all four of your tires. Just because you bought them in a set does not mean they are all the same age. If you have trouble finding the DOT number, ask the service department at your dealership. The certified technicians can help you through the process of making sure you are driving on safe tires.>
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Are liberals and populists just searching for a new master? - Open Future
The rise of populism, nativism and nationalism in recent years has challenged perceptions of what ordinary people want from politicians. Some see the anti-establishment trend as a rejection of centralised power. Others suggest the real hunger is for a moral authority that appears to be lacking in today’s capitalism. Among the latter group is Slavoj Zizek, a Marxist philosopher at the University of Ljubljana. He criticises the appeal of political correctness, questions the ability of markets to survive without state intervention and excoriates what he sees as the ulterior motives behind fair-trade coffee. Upgrade your inbox and get our Daily Dispatch and Editor's Picks. His latest book, “Like a Thief in Broad Daylight”, explores the changing nature of social progress in what he calls an “era of post-humanity”. Mr Zizek responded to five questions as part of The Economist’s Open Future initiative. His replies are followed by an excerpt from the book. * * * The Economist: What do you mean by “the era of post-humanity”? What characterises it? Slavoj Zizek: It is not primarily the automatisation and robotisation of the production process but much more the expanding role of science, machines and digital media in social control and regulation. The detailed registration of all our acts and habits enables the digital machine to know ourselves, even our psyche, better than we know ourselves. In this way, social control no longer needs to be exerted in the old “totalitarian” mode, through open domination—we are already manipulated and regulated when we act freely, just following our needs and desires. But there is another feature which justifies the term “post-humanity”: the prospect of the direct link between our brain and the digital network. When this happens, we lose the basic distance which makes us human, the distance between external reality and our inner life where we can “think what we want.” With my thoughts, I can directly intervene in reality—but the machine also directly knows what I think. In the last years of his life, Stephen Hawking experimented with a technology to communicate with the world—his brain was connected to a computer, so that his thoughts could choose words and form sentences, which were then relayed to a voice synthesizer to be spoken aloud. Fredric Jameson noted that, today, it is much more easy to imagine the end of the world than the end of capitalism. This sarcastic insight is today becoming reality: it looks that, in some new form, capitalism will effectively survive the end, not of the world, but of humanity. The Economist: Brexit and the rise of populist politicians seem to show that voters want to be protected from the harder edges of globalisation. So, back to Jameson’s thought, is it still easier to imagine the end of the world than the end of the free-market consensus associated with Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan? Mr Zizek: As with fascism, I think that populism is simply a new way to imagine capitalism without its harder edges; a capitalism without its socially disruptive effects. Populism is one of today’s two opiums of the people: one is the people, and the other is opium itself. Chemistry (in its scientific version) is becoming part of us: large aspects of our lives are characterised by the management of our emotions by drugs, from everyday use of sleeping pills and antidepressants to hard narcotics. We are not just controlled by impenetrable social powers, our very emotions are “outsourced” to chemical stimulation. What remains of the passionate public engagement in the West is mostly the populist hatred, and this brings us to the other second opium of the people, the people itself, the fuzzy populist dream destined to obfuscate our own antagonisms. The Economist: In 1968, Jacques Lacan told student protesters in Paris that “what you aspire to as revolutionaries is a new master. You will get one.” Does the appeal of populists and so-called strong-men reflect a desire for authority that liberal democracy can't provide? Mr Zizek: Yes, but in a way different from the one that Lacan had in mind in his pessimist reading of the 1968 turmoil. For Lacan, the consequence of 1968 was the decline of the old (directly authoritarian) figure of the master and the rise of a new master figure, than of the expert—what Lacan baptised the “university discourse.” Just think about how today economic measures are justified—not as an expression of political will and positive social vision but as a consequence of neutral knowledge: it has to be done, this is how markets work. Just recall how the experts in Brussels acted in negotiations with Greece’s Syriza government during the euro crisis in 2014: no debate, this has to be done. I think that today’s populism reacts to the fact that experts are not really masters, that their expertise doesn’t work—again, just remember how the 2008 financial meltdown caught the experts unprepared. Against the background of this fiasco, the traditional authoritarian master is making a comeback, even if it is a clown. Whatever Trump is, he is not an expert. The Economist: Do you want a new master? Mr Zizek: Surprisingly, YES, I do want it. But what kind of master? We usually see a master as someone who exerts domination, but there is another, more authentic, sense of a master. A true master is not an agent of discipline and prohibition, his message is not “You cannot!”, nor “You have to…!”, but a releasing “You can!”—what? Do the impossible, ie, what appears impossible within the coordinates of the existing constellation. And today, this means something very precise: you can think beyond capitalism and liberal democracy as the ultimate framework of our lives. A master is a vanishing mediator who gives you back to yourself, who delivers you to the abyss of your freedom. When we listen to a true leader, we discover what we want (or, rather, what we “always-already” wanted without knowing it). A master is needed because we cannot accede to our freedom directly—for to gain this access, we have to be pushed from outside, since our “natural state” is one of inert hedonism; of what Alain Badiou called the “human animal.” The underlying paradox here is that the more we live as “free individuals with no master,” the more we are effectively non-free, caught within the existing frame of possibilities. We have to be pushed or disturbed into freedom by a master. The Economist: You have argued for the "occupation" of the digital grid, but how can ordinary people hold big tech firms to account if only a tiny fraction of us are capable of comprehending an algorithm? Mr Zizek: True, we—the majority—don’t understand the details of algorithms, but we can easily understand how we are controlled by the digital grid. Moreover, I don’t think the experts themselves fully understand how the digital grid really works, plus those who exploit their knowledge also do not know the technical details. Do you think that when Steve Bannon mobilised Cambridge Analytica, he understood the algorithmic details of its work? Or take ecology: to grasp global warming and the ozone hole, you need science which most of us don’t understand, but we nonetheless can fight against the prospect of ecological catastrophe. There are risks of manipulation here, of course, but we have to accept them. We have to abandon the naïve faith in the spontaneous wisdom of everyday people as a guideline of our acts. That’s the paradox of our era: our most ordinary daily lives are regulated by scientific knowledge, and the dangers of this (often invisible) regulation can be fought only by a different knowledge, not by New Age wisdoms and common sense. * * * From “Like a Thief in Broad Daylight: Power in the Era of Post-Humanity,” by Slavoj Zizek. In a hotel in Skopje, Macedonia, where I recently stayed, my companion inquired if smoking is permitted in our room, and the answer she got from the receptionist was unique: “Of course not, it is prohibited by the law. But you have ashtrays in the room, so this is not a problem.” The contradiction (between prohibition and permission) was openly assumed and thereby cancelled, treated as inexistent, i.e., the message was: “It’s prohibited, and here it is how you do it.” When we entered the room, a further surprise awaited us: an ashtray with the sign of the prohibition to smoke… Maybe, this incident provides the best metaphor for our ideological predicament today. I remember a similar incident from my military service 40 years ago. One morning, the first class was on international military law, them among other rules, the officer mentioned that it is prohibited to shoot at parachuters while they are still in the air, i.e., before they touch ground. In a happy coincidence, our next class was about rifle shooting, and the same officer taught us how to target a parachuter in the air (how, while aiming at it, one should take into account the velocity of his decent and the direction and strength of the wind, etc.). When one of the soldiers asked the officer about the contradiction between this lesson and what we learned just an hour before (the prohibition to shoot at parachuters), the officer just snapped back with a cynical laughter: “How can you be so stupid? Don’t you understand how life works?” What goes on today is that a dissonance is openly admitted and for that reason treated as irrelevant, like our example of the ashtray with the sign of prohibition of smoking. Recall the debates on torture – was the stance of the US authorities not something like: “Torture is prohibited, and here is how you do a water-boarding.”? The paradox is thus that today, there is in some way less deception than in a more traditional functioning of ideology: nobody is really deceived. One has to avoid a crucial misunderstanding here: it is not that prior to our time we took the rules and prohibitions seriously while today we openly violate them. What changed are the rules which regulate appearances, i.e., what can appear in public space. Let’s compare the sexual lives of two US presidents, Kennedy and Trump. As we know now, Kennedy had numerous affairs, but the press and TV ignored all this, while Trump’s every (old and new) step is followed by the media – not to mention that Trump also speaks publicly in an obscene way that we cannot even imagine Kennedy doing it. The gap that separates the dignified public space from its obscene underside is now more and more transposed into public space, with ambiguous consequences: inconsistencies and violations of public rules and openly accepted or at least ignored, but, simultaneously, we are all becoming openly aware of these inconsistencies. Excerpted from “Like a Thief in Broad Daylight: Power in the Era of Post-Humanity”. Copyright © 2018 by Slavoj Zizek. Used with permission of Allen Lane. All rights reserved. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Template talk:Game of Go Position 9x9
For questions on usage, see Template talk:Game of Go Position. Questions dealing with this specific template go here. | WIKI |
Sharon PULLUM, et al. v. Richard L. ROBINETTE.
Court of Appeals of Tennessee, Middle Section, at Nashville.
Jan. 6, 2004 Session.
July 20, 2004.
Wayne L. Robbins, Jr., Mary Taylor Gallagher, A. Scott Derrick and W. Scott Sims, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Richard L. Robinette, D.M.D.
M. Andrew Hoover, Andrew N. Grams and Mary A. Gabbett, Pulaski, Tennessee, for the appellees, Sharon Pullum and Robert Pullum.
OPINION
PATRICIA J. COTTRELL, J.,
delivered the opinion of the court,
in which WILLIAM C. KOCH, JR., P.J., M.S., and WILLIAM B. CAIN, J., joined.
The plaintiff suffered numbness and partial facial paralysis after a root canal. She subsequently filed a malpractice suit against the dentist who performed the procedure. The defendant filed a motion in limine seeking to exclude all testimony by the plaintiffs expert witness on the ground that he did not meet the requirements of Tenn.Code Ann. § 29-26-115. The trial court denied the motion and, after hearing testimony on his qualifications at trial, allowed the expert to testify in front of the jury, which returned a $150,000 verdict for the plaintiff. The defendant argues on appeal that the trial court erred by allowing the expert to testify, and that we should accordingly reverse the verdict and judgment. We do not agree, and we affirm the judgment of the trial court approving the verdict.
On December 5, 1998, Sharon Pullum underwent the extraction of a tooth, performed by Dr. Richard Robinette. On December 17, she returned to Dr. Robinette’s Spring Hill, Tennessee dental office with a toothache. Dr. Robinette examined the patient, and determined that a root canal that he had previously performed on Tooth Number 20 needed to be re-done. He performed the procedure on the same day. During the root canal, a file that Dr. Robi-nette was using broke off and became lodged in Tooth Number 20. He did not inform the patient that he had broken the file, but tried to extract it. After the procedure, Ms. Pullum experienced numbness and pain in her left lower lip and the area around her left lower jaw. The symptoms did not go away.
On June 29, 2001, Ms. Pullum filed a complaint for negligence in the Circuit Court of Maury County. She claimed that in the course of performing the root canal, Dr. Robinette negligently and permanently damaged her mandibular nerve, and that as a result of the nerve damage, she continues to have difficulties speaking and eating, and that she experiences extreme pain when performing either of those functions. She also claimed that the change to the cosmetic appearance of her face causes her to suffer self-consciousness, mental anguish, and loss of enjoyment of life.
The plaintiff asked to be awarded compensatory and punitive damages for her injuries. Her husband, Robert Pullum, joined in the complaint, asking for damages for loss of consortium. Dr. Robinette filed an answer and denied that he was guilty of any negligence.
I. ExpeRt Testimony, Trial, and Verdict
Since Ms. Pullum’s complaint sounded in malpractice, the specialized evidentiary requirements for such cases came into play, particularly the requirement that the relevant standard of care, its breach, and the causation of the injury be proved through the testimony of an expert witness. See Tenn.Code Ann. § 29-26-115. To meet those requirements, the plaintiff retained the services of Dr. Ronald Neer, a recently retired dentist who had practiced for twelve years in the town of La Grange, Missouri.
The central issues in this case arose from the trial court’s treatment of two motions in limine filed by the defendant. The first motion asked the trial court to totally exclude testimony from Dr. Neer, on the ground that he was not sufficiently familiar with the acceptable standard of professional practice in Spring Hill, Tennessee to meet the requirements of Tenn. Code Ann. § 29-26-115(a)(l).
The second motion asked only for the exclusion of any testimony “of a medical nature” by Dr. Neer, such as testimony as to the cause of Ms. Pullum’s injury or its permanency. The rationale for this motion was that since he was a dentist rather than a physician, Dr. Neer was not qualified to render medical opinions or to make medical diagnoses. In an oral ruling, the trial court denied the first motion, but granted the second motion in part and denied it in part, ruling that Dr. Neer could testify about the cause of Ms. Pul-lum’s injuries, but not about their permanence.
The case went to trial before a jury. Dr. Neer testified at length as to his qualifications to testify about the standard of practice in Spring Hill, the ways in which he believed Dr. Robinette had breached that standard of practice, and how those breaches caused Ms. Pullum’s injury. At the close of the plaintiffs proof, the defendant renewed his motion to exclude Dr. Neer’s testimony and also moved for a directed verdict. The trial court denied the motions, and the defendant went on to present his own proof, including the testimony of his own retained expert, Michael K. Garrett, D.D.S., in order to refute Dr. Neer’s testimony.
After a four day trial, the jury found that Dr. Robinette was negligent and that his negligence was the legal cause of Sharon Pullum’s injuries. The jury awarded Ms. Pullum $100,000 for past pain and suffering, and $50,000 for past loss of ability to enjoy life. There were no damages awarded for future pain and suffering or for future ability to enjoy life, nor was there any award to Sharon Pullum for punitive damages, or any award of damages to Robert Pullum for loss of consortium.
The trial court subsequently filed a judgment in accordance with the verdict. On the same date, it filed an order memorializing the oral rulings it had previously made in regard to the motions in limine filed by the plaintiff and those filed by the defendant. The defendant subsequently filed a motion to have the verdict and judgment set aside. After argument, the trial court denied the motion. This appeal followed.
II. REQUIREMENTS OP EXPERT TESTIMONY
Dr. Robinette argues that the trial court erred by allowing Dr. Neer to testify because his pre-trial deposition did not reflect that he met the statutory requirements for proof in malpractice cases. TenmCode Ann. § 29-26-115 reads in its entirety:
(a) In a malpractice action, the claimant shall have the burden of proving by evidence as provided by subsection (b):
(1) The recognized standard of acceptable professional practice in the profession and the specialty thereof, if any, that the defendant practices in the community in which the defendant practices or in a similar community at the time the alleged injury or wrongful action occurred;
(2) That the defendant acted with less than or failed to act with ordinary and reasonable care in accordance with such standard; and
(3) As a proximate result of the defendant’s negligent act or omission, the plaintiff suffered injuries which would not otherwise have occurred.
(b) No person in a health care profession requiring licensure under the laws of this state shall be competent to testify in any court of law to establish the facts required to be established by subsection (a), unless the person was licensed to practice in the state or a contiguous bordering state a profession or specialty which would make the person’s expert testimony relevant to the issues in the case and had practiced this profession or specialty in one (1) of these states during the year preceding the date that the alleged injury or wrongful act occurred. This rule shall apply to expert witnesses testifying for the defendant as rebuttal witnesses. The court may waive this subsection when it determines that the appropriate witnesses otherwise would not be available.
(c) In a malpractice action as described in subsection (a), there shall be no presumption of negligence on the part of the defendant; provided, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that the defendant was negligent where it is shown by the proof that the instrumentality causing injury was in the defendant’s (or defendants’) exclusive control and that the accident or injury was one which ordinarily doesn’t occur in the absence of negligence.
(d) In a malpractice action as described in subsection (a), the jury shall be instructed that the claimant has the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, the negligence of the defendant. The jury shall be further instructed that injury alone does not raise a presumption of the defendant’s negligence.
Dr. Robinette asserts that Dr. Neer’s pretrial affidavit and deposition did not establish that he met the statutory requirements in two particulars: (1) the locality rule as set out in Tenn.Code Ann. § 29-26-115(a)(l) and (2) qualification to testify as to causation. We begin with the locality rule.
III. The Locality Rule
The Tennessee Supreme Court has reaffirmed the requirements established in the locality rule and has restated those requirements:
A plaintiff in a malpractice action, therefore, must produce expert medical evidence to establish the standard of professional care in the community in which a defendant practices or in a similar community. A medical expert relied upon by a plaintiff must have knowledge of the standard of professional care in the defendant’s applicable community or knowledge of the standard of care in a community that is shown to be similar to the defendant’s community. While an expert’s discussion of the applicability of a national standard does not require exclusion of the testimony, such evidence may not substitute for evidence that first establishes the requirements of Tenn.Code Ann. § 29-26-115(a)(l).
Robinson v. LeCorps, 88 S.W.3d 718, 724 (Tenn.2002).
As the Court stated, reference to a national standard of care does not disqualify a witness under the locality rule unless knowledge of such a national standard supplies the only basis for the expert’s claimed knowledge of the local standard. The expert in Robinson testified only as to the national standard and did not “relate the basis for his knowledge of the standard of care in Nashville or indicate why the Nashville medical community was similar to, and thus had the same standard of professional care as, the community with which [the expert] was familiar.” Id. at 725. The Court also acknowledged that “in many instances the national standard would indeed be representative of the local standard....” Id. at 724.
The distinction was made even more clear in the Court’s analysis in Stovall v. Clarke, 113 S.W.3d 715 (Tenn.2003), where the Court found that the proposed expert did not simply rely on a national standard or equate the local standard with a national one. Id. at 723. The expert in Stovall expressed understanding of the local rule and explained that the he applied the locality standard of care, not a national standard. Based upon this distinction from Robinson and on information in the expert’s supplemental affidavit reflecting that he had, apparently after his initial affidavit, reviewed statistical information about the medical community in the relevant locality, the Court held the summary judgment granted to the defendant doctor was in error.
Dr. Robinette contends that Dr. Neer did not meet the requirements of the locality rule prior to trial because he did not demonstrate the required knowledge of the standard of acceptable professional practice in Spring Hill or in a similar community in his pre-trial affidavit or his discovery deposition.
It is important to point out that, although the parties’ arguments and much of this opinion use general language of a standard of care, such references actually mean the specific standard that is relevant to the type of procedure involved or to the actions or failure to act at issue. To put the arguments and findings in context, some description of Dr. Neer’s testimony is needed to make clear the specific standards that Dr. Neer was required to know and that Dr. Robinette was alleged to have breached.
Dr. Neer testified that Ms. Pullum’s symptoms on December 17, 1998 did not indicate the need for re-treatment of the root canal at Tooth Number 20 because they most likely resulted from the failure of the upper and lower teeth to meet correctly after the earlier extraction. He further testified that the standard of care for root canals requires the practitioner to take a working-length x-ray prior to beginning the procedure, because it is the only way to determine precisely how deeply into the canal the dentist can safely probe with instruments. Penetration beyond that depth can bring instruments or filler into contact with gums, bone or nerves, with negative consequences. Since Tooth Number 20 sits right above the mental foramen, an opening in the jaw through which a facial nerve exits, the use of instrumentation beyond the apex of the tooth can damage that nerve.
Dr. Robinette apparently did not take a working-length x-ray of Ms. Pullum’s mouth, and Dr. Neer’s examination of x-rays taken after the root canal showed that the tooth was filled two or three millimeters beyond the apex of the root. The x-rays also showed the tip of a drill or a file that had broken off into the canal.
Dr. Neer testified that when such a mishap occurs, the standard of care requires the dentist to take an x-ray to determine the best approach to remove it, and to inform the patient immediately, so she can have the option of a referral to an endo-dontist if she wishes.
IV. PROCEDURAL CONTEXT
Some procedural background is necessary to demonstrate the context in which the trial court was called upon to rule on the motions at issue. By scheduling order, the trial in this case was set to begin December 2, 2002, the Monday after the Thanksgiving holiday that year. On November 21, five business days before the start of the trial, the plaintiffs filed three motions in limine regarding evidentiary issues. On November 26, with only two business days remaining before trial, the defendant filed five motions in limine, including the two at issue in this appeal regarding the testimony of Dr. Neer. A hearing on all the motions was held November 27, the last business day before the start of the trial.
The first motion regarding the locality rule sought to exclude all testimony from Dr. Neer on the theory that he was incompetent to testify under TenmCode Ann. § 29-26-115 because he was not familiar with the acceptable standard of care in Spring Hill, Tennessee, based upon the discovery deposition taken by counsel for Dr. Robinette, and upon Dr. Neer’s earlier affidavit. At the hearing on the motion, Dr. Robinette argued that Dr. Neer based his opinion on a nationwide standard and did not demonstrate a sufficient knowledge of the standard of care in Spring Hill based on its similarity to La Grange, Missouri.
Although much of Dr. Robinette’s argument on appeal relates to the sufficiency of Dr. Neer’s pretrial statements, the decision in this case is not dependent on the question of whether Dr. Neer’s affidavit and deposition established his qualifications under the locality rule. Consequently, we do not need to answer that question. We will, however, point out that in his deposition, Dr. Neer claimed to be familiar with the relevant standard of care because his own community of La Grange, like Spring Hill, was a small city in a rural area, that the closest areas of large population to both were cities approximately equal in size to each other (St. Louis and Nashville), and that both areas had approximately the same number of dentists in proportion to their population.
Although Dr. Neer testified that it was his opinion that there was a nationwide standard of care regarding the procedures at issue, he recognized there could be locality differences but had no information that would indicate a different standard would apply to Spring Hill or the Nashville area. When asked if he based his knowledge of the applicable standard of care on the existence of a national standard, he stated, “In this case I feel the nationwide standard of care and that of the area are the same, but I’m not broadly just applying the nationwide standard.” When asked at the deposition if he claimed that the dental community in La Grange was “reasonably similar” to that in Spring Hill, Dr. Neer stated, “I feel that it is,” and gave various reasons for this belief.
It is clear from our review of the transcript of the hearing that the trial judge was thoroughly familiar with Dr. Neer’s deposition testimony and well-versed in the law regarding the locality rule. It was also clear from the hearing that plaintiffs counsel fully intended to ensure that Dr. Neer obtain additional information to improve his knowledge of the community of Spring Hill before he was offered as an expert at trial. The trial court even noted that at the close of Dr. Neer’s deposition the expert had stated he was going to do some more homework before anyone else questioned him again. The court stated:
But now if at the trial he can testify about the Spring Hill standard of care, he can meet the 702 requirements. What I think causes you to win or lose on this motion is whether or not he can come forward with new testimony between his deposition and the trial.
The trial court recognized, as Dr. Robi-nette’s counsel had argued, that excluding Dr. Neer as an expert would likely result in at least a nonsuit or perhaps a dismissal because of the timing of the motions and the trial. The court stated,
And it occurs to me that that might be a fairly drastic result and you might have to wait until the end of the plaintiffs’ proof in chief to see what Dr. Neer says in response to [plaintiffs’ counsel’s] questions about the locality rule issue.
In response to questions by the trial court, counsel for Dr. Robinette made it clear that the defendant objected to Dr. Neer being allowed to further educate himself about the Spring Hill community and the admissibility of his trial testimony being determined on the basis of that further education. The trial court disagreed and held:
I think to the extent that the specific locality is factually, as opposed to legally irrelevant — in other words, if his — if you can only do it one way or you can — you do it subject to certain limitations no matter where you are, big city or small, east or west, north or south, and there is in effect a national standard as to the apex nerve and some related issues, then it’s my opinion that he can, in the context of what he said in his deposition, testify about that, and he can enhance and make himself better prepared to testify about that. I say that — and, therefore, he can testify about some of those things.
I’ll have to become more familiar with the cancellation rule, and if I find any inconsistencies in some of the things he’s attempting to say or if he gets into areas that may be unique by locality or because there are multiple ways of doing a given procedure, then I may not let him testify about those.
Now, as a little guidance on where I now think I’m coming from on that, if there are two or three companies that make similar but not quite the same products for refilling this root canal area, and, you know, there are those kinds of slight but somewhat immaterial differences or distinctions — I don’t mean to say that the defendant could use those types of things to show multiple ways of doing a procedure, but I’m talking about substance over form if there are some hard and fast rules that you can do this, you cannot do that, and he becomes familiar enough with the Spring Hill area to say that it’s the same in Spring Hill because it’s the same everywhere except maybe in some third world countries where you don’t have the equipment or whatever, then I’m probably going to let him testify about that and it may or may not be a reversible error, Mr. Hoover. It’s close.
But I think in fairness to both parties and in fairness to the triers of fact in helping them get as much information as they can to understand this, I’m going to let it come in. But I do think — and, unfortunately, this is going to be a burdensome — probably multiple jury out hearings as we go through his testimony unless he comes in and says I’m not going to say anything different than what I said in the deposition essentially.
Dr. Neer subsequently educated himself further about the community of Spring Hill and about the standards of dental practice in that area. In particular, he spoke to a Brentwood endodontist, a Fay-etteville dentist, and a Pulaski dentist. He gained information about a local peer review group and its standards. He explored the Tennessee Oral Health Sciences Institute website and was able to confirm to his satisfaction that the standards described in the website were substantially the same as those he had to follow in his own practice. For example, he testified that in both La Grange and Spring Hill, the standard of care for root canals was set by endodontists and that those standards were the same as that set out in the Tennessee Oral Health Sciences website. He acknowledged that his further investigations occurred after his deposition. Dr. Neer testified that his post-deposition efforts had reinforced and affirmed his opinion as to the relevant standard of care and breach thereof.
At trial, Dr. Robinette objected to Dr. Neer’s testimony by renewing his motion in limine. At the close of the plaintiffs’ proof, Dr. Robinette moved for a directed verdict on the basis that plaintiffs had failed to establish a claim because the only evidence of a breach of the standard of care came from Dr. Neer, whose opinions were formed without adequate knowledge of the local standard of care. Essentially, the motion was a renewal of the motion in limine.
V. Ruling at Trial
The trial court admitted Dr. Neer’s testimony into evidence based upon Dr. Neer’s explanation of his knowledge of the applicable standards of care. In general, questions regarding the admissibility, qualifications, relevancy, and competency of expert testimony are left to the discretion of the trial court. McDaniel v. CSX Transp., Inc., 955 S.W.2d 257, 263-64 (Tenn.1997). Trial courts perform a “ga-tekeeping” function to insure that proposed expert testimony meets the levels of relevance and reliability established in Tenn. R. Evid. 702 & 703 and, as in this case, under the locality rule or any other specialized requirement.
The trial court has broad discretion regarding the admission of expert testimony. Robinson, 83 S.W.3d at 725; State v. Stevens, 78 S.W.3d 817, 832 (Tenn.2002); McDaniel, 955 S.W.2d at 263. Consequently, a trial court’s ruling on the admissibility of such evidence may be overturned on appeal only if the discretion is exercised arbitrarily or is abused. Stevens, 78 S.W.3d at 832; Seffemick v. St. Thomas Hospital, 969 S.W.2d 391, 393 (Tenn.1998); State v. Shuck, 953 S.W.2d 662, 669 (Tenn.1997). A finding of abuse of discretion is proper when the trial court applied an incorrect legal standard or reached a decision against logic or reasoning that caused an injustice to the party complaining. Stevens, 78 S.W:3d at 832; Eldridge v. Eldridge, 42 S.W.3d 82, 85 (Tenn.2001); Shuck, 953 S.W.2d at 669.
Accordingly, appellate courts will set aside a discretionary decision only where the trial court has misidentified, misconstrued, or misapplied the controlling legal principles, or the decision is contrary to the substantial weight of the evidence. White v. Vanderbilt Univ., 21 S.W.3d 215, 223 (Tenn.Ct.App.1999). The abuse of discretion standard does not permit the appellate court to substitute its judgment for that of the trial court, and an appellate court should allow the trial court’s exercise of discretion to stand if reasonable judicial minds could differ as to its soundness. Eldridge, 42 S.W.3d at 85; White, 21 S.W.3d at 223. The trial court herein acted well within its discretion in allowing Dr. Neer to testify based upon his in-court demonstration of his knowledge of the applicable standard of care.
It is important to point out that Dr. Robinette does not challenge Dr. Neer’s trial testimony as failing to meet the requirements of the locality rule. Dr. Robi-nette does not challenge the standard expressed by Dr. Neer and does not assert on appeal that Dr. Neer’s trial testimony did not establish his knowledge of the applicable standard. Consequently, there is no question, in terms of the expert testimony that was presented to the jury, of whether Dr. Robinette “receiv[ed] a fair assessment of [his] conduct in relation to community standards similar to the one in which [he] practiced,” which is the purpose of the locality rule. Robinson, 83 S.W.3d at 723, quoting Sutphin v. Platt, 720 S.W.2d 455, 458 (Tenn.1986).
Dr. Robinette argues that the trial court should have granted his motion in limine based upon the affidavit and discovery deposition in the record at that time. He presents two issues regarding the locality rule: (1) whether the trial court improperly denied the motion in limine, and (2) whether the expert should have been allowed to testify at trial on the basis of additional information regarding the locality and local standard of care that he obtained after his discovery deposition.
VI. The Law RegaRding Motions in Limine
Objections to the admission of evidence are generally made when the evidence is offered. They may, however, be raised earlier, for example by pretrial motions in limine. “In limine ” means “[o]n the threshold; at the beginning; or preliminarily.” Black’s Law Dictionaey 787 (6th ed.1990). Motions that seek to exclude or to obtain a ruling on the admissibility of evidence may be brought at any time before the introduction of the evidence to which they pertain.
Although neither federal nor Tennessee procedural rules specifically authorize motions in limine, they have long been used and have been recognized as useful in management of cases. The court’s authority in Tenn. R. Civ. P. 16 to manage a case through pretrial conferences and orders includes the discretion to rule on evidentia-ry issues raised in pretrial motions. See Advisory Commission Comments (2003) to Rule 16.02(6) (“pretrial conferences may greatly facilitate the efficient use of juror time by encouraging the pretrial resolution of evidentiary and other issues.... ”). The United States Supreme Court has acknowledged that federal trial courts may allow motions in limine as an exercise of them “inherent authority to manage the course of trials.” Luce v. United States, 469 U.S. 38, 41 n. 4,105 S.Ct. 460, 463 n. 4, 83 L.Ed.2d 443 (1984).
Federal trial courts are not required to rule on motions in limine. Jones v. Stotts, 59 F.3d 143, 146 (10th Cir.1995) (stating that a motion in limine requests guidance that “the court may provide at its discretion.”) Some courts may prefer to wait until the attempted introduction of the evidence at trial to better understand the context. See Jonasson v. Lutheran Child & Family Servs., 115 F.3d 436, 440 (7th Cir.1997) (noting that trial judges may choose to defer an evidentiary ruling until trial for proper evaluation of the evidence). A factual context provided by events at trial is often necessary for a reviewing court to effectively rule on such evidentia-ry questions. Luce, 469 U.S. at 41, 105 S.Ct. at 463.
Additionally, a trial judge may issue a preliminary or conditional ruling on the motion in limine, subject to change depending on events at trial. In fact, the United States Supreme Court has stated that in limine evidentiary rulings “are not binding on the trial judge, and the judge may always change his mind during the course of the trial.” Ohler v. United States, 529 U.S. 753, 758 n. 3, 120 S.Ct. 1851, 1854 n. 3, 146 L.Ed.2d 826 (2000). See also Luce, 469 U.S. at 41-42, 105 S.Ct. at 463 (holding that an in limine ruling is subject to change whether or not proof at trial differs from that proffered because a judge is free in the exercise of sound discretion to alter a previous in limine ruling).
However, a more recent amendment to Fed.R.Evid. 103, effective December 1, 2000, states that “once the court makes a definitive ruling on the record admitting or excluding evidence, either at or before trial, a party need not renew an objection or offer of proof to preserve a claim of error for appeal.” Fed.R.Evid. 103(a); see United States v. Gajo, 290 F.3d 922, 927 (7th Cir.2002); see also, Wilson v. Williams, 182 F.3d 562, 565-66 (7th Cir.1999) (en banc) (explaining that a definitive ruling is one that completely and finally decides an issue and does not require further consideration or depend on how the trial proceeds; a conditional ruling requires the satisfaction of a condition before the court can render a definitive ruling, e.g., that a defendant testify before impeaching evidence will be excluded or limited; a tentative ruling is not final because the court needs more information or the admissibility question turns on later developments).
Tennessee courts have applied the same principles espoused in the amended federal rule. Where the record on a pretrial motion to exclude evidence clearly presents an evidentiary question and where the trial judge has “clearly and definitively ruled,” a party need not object again at trial in order to preserve the ruling for appeal. State v. Brobeck, 751 S.W.2d 828, 833-34 (Tenn.1988); Grandstaff v. Hawks, 36 S.W.3d 482, 488 (Tenn. Ct.App.2000). Thus, Tennessee courts recognize that some rulings on motions in limine are final, at least for purposes of appeal, if those rulings are clear and definitive.
Nonetheless, it is also clear that a trial court in Tennessee is not required to rule definitively on a pre-trial motion to exclude evidence. “With a few exceptions, ... the trial court is given broad discretion in the timing of its decisions on the admissibility of evidence.” State v. Caughron, 855 S.W.2d 526, 541 (Tenn.1993). A trial court may in its discretion refuse to rule on a motion in li-mine to exclude evidence until there is an attempt to present the evidence in the context of trial. State v. Gibson, 701 S.W.2d 627, 629 (Tenn.Crim.App.1985) (holding that a trial court may refuse to rule on a motion to limit admission of evidence of a prior criminal conviction pri- or to the defendant taking the stand); Hawkins v. State, 543 S.W.2d 606, 607 (Tenn.Crim.App.1976) (referring to a motion in limine to exclude evidence of past conviction as a “premature” motion, stating “[t]he granting of premature motions to exclude evidence at trial addresses itself to the sound discretion of the court,” and noting that the evidence at issue was never the subject of testimony at trial.)
State courts may make pre-intro-duction rulings on evidence that are conditional or provisional in nature, and, where such conditions do not occur at trial, may change an earlier ruling regarding the admissibility of the evidence. See, e.g., State v. Bray, 669 S.W.2d 684, 687 (Tenn.Crim.App.1988). We know of no authority suggesting a trial court could not change an in limine ruling for other reasons in the exercise of sound discretion.
An appellate court will not reverse a trial court’s decision on the admissibility of evidence, including a ruling on a motion in limine, absent clear abuse. Heath v. Memphis Radiological Profl Corp., 79 S.W.8d 550 (Tenn.Ct.App.2002). Similarly, an appellate court will not reverse a trial court’s exercise of discretion in ruling on an evidentiary motion in limine unless the trial court abused the wide discretion given it to handle such motions.
A. Ruling Within CouRt’s Discretion
It is clear that the trial court had the discretion to decline to rule on the motion in limine to exclude Dr. Neer’s testimony until he was proffered as an expert at trial. It also had the discretion to rule conditionally or offer guidance to the parties, and could have changed its pretrial ruling at trial.
We read the trial court’s oral ruling at the hearing as providing guidance to the parties, refusing to exclude Dr. Neer’s testimony at that point, and explaining the conditions under which the testimony would be allowed or excluded, depending upon Dr. Neer’s trial testimony regarding his knowledge of the applicable standard of care. The trial court’s later order denying Dr. Robinette’s motion to set aside the judgment and verdict presents an explanation of the ruling on the motion in limine that is consistent with this interpretation.
The Court finds that Plaintiffs’ expert was entitled to rehabilitate himself after his deposition under the circumstances of this case. The Court exercised its discretion in awaiting the expert’s testimony at trial whether to admit such testimony into evidence. The Court is of the opinion that such act was within the permissible discretion of the trial court and that such evidence was properly admitted.
The Court is mindful that Dr. Neer’s qualifications were attacked based upon his testimony at a deposition during which Plaintiff was under no duty to elicit proof. The challenge to Dr. Neer’s testimony was made in the form of a motion in limine rather than a motion for summary judgment. It was within this Court’s discretion to permit proof relative to remain open until trial on the issue of Dr. Neer’s familiarity with the standard of care for Spring Hill, Tennessee or a similar community. The Court was satisfied that Dr. Neer presented as a competent witness pursuant to all applicable statutes.
This Court believes all discovery requests should be appropriately supplemented by litigants. Prior to direct examination of Plaintiffs expert witness, the Court finds that some supplementation of Plaintiffs discovery should have been made relative to the names of three (3) dentists with whom he communicated with. The Court finds, however, that any failure was harmless as there was no disagreement as to that information enhancing or changing the testimony of Dr. Neer. These procedural safeguards should be viewed in context with and not outweigh the substantive rights of this injured Plaintiff.
This Court is obligated under Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael, 526 U.S. 137, 119 S.Ct. 1167, 143 L.Ed.2d 238 (1999) and Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 509 U.S. 579, 113 S.Ct. 2786, 125 L.Ed.2d 469 (1993) to perform gate keeping functions governing the reliability of the expert testimony of Dr. Neer. The Court allowed proof in this matter to remain open until Dr. Neer was examined by both parties at trial in order to fulfill the duties mandated by the Kumho Tire and Daubert decisions. The Court is confident that the testimony of Dr. Neer was based upon reliable factors.
The trial court clearly acted within its discretion. It reserved final ruling on the admission of Dr. Neer’s testimony until examination and cross-examination of his knowledge of the relevant standard of care. The trial court’s ruling was a reasonable response to the situation and to the proof offered. Dr. Neer’s pre-trial affidavits and deposition contained enough information about the standard of care in the community in which he practiced, and the similarity of that community to Spring Hill, to indicate that his testimony would meet the requirements of the locality rule.
The judge accordingly ruled that the witness could testify at trial, subject to the possibility that his testimony could ultimately be excluded from jury consideration for various reasons related to the locality rule. Since the effect of the expert’s testimony was to confirm the similarities between La Grange and Spring Hill and between the standard of care applicable in both, the judge allowed his testimony as to the defendant’s conduct to go to the jury.
In Robinson, the defendant doctor had objected at both a discovery deposition and an evidentiary deposition to the proposed expert’s failure to establish his knowledge of the local standard of care. Despite this notice of the objections, plaintiff did not seek to clarify or supplement the expert’s testimony before the trial court granted the defendant’s motion in limine to exclude the expert’s evidentiary deposition. After that ruling, the defendant moved for dismissal of the complaint because the plaintiff had no other medical expert. In response, the plaintiff asked that his proposed expert be allowed to testify at trial to establish his knowledge of the local standard of care. The trial court ultimately granted the motion to dismiss.
In the context of these facts, the Supreme Court agreed with the Court of Appeals that the trial court did not err in refusing to allow the expert to testify and in dismissing the action, basing its decision on the rule that
it is “within the discretion of the trial judge to decide whether to reopen the proof for further evidence, and the decision of the trial judge ... will not be set aside unless there is a showing that an injustice has been done.” Simpson v. Frontier Cmty. Credit Union, 810 S.W.2d 147, 149 (Tenn.1991) (quoting Higgins v. Steide, 47 TennApp. 42, 335 S.W.2d 533 (1959)).
Robinson, 83 S.W.3d at 725.
Thus, contrary to Dr. Robinette’s assertions, Robinson does not mandate a holding that the motion in limine should have been granted and Dr. Neer prevented from testifying. To the contrary, it reaffirms the discretion given the trial court in such situations.
We conclude that the trial court acted within its discretion, and there was no error in the trial court’s denial of the motion in limine pending the offer of Dr. Neer as an expert at trial.
B. Fairness
Dr. Robinette’s real complaint is not so much with the denial of the motion in limine itself, but rather is with the effect of that denial — the opportunity for the witness to improve his knowledge of the local community and the standard there. He complains that by postponing a definitive ruling on the motion until the court was able to “see what Dr. Neer says in response to Mr. Hoover’s questions about the locality rule issues ...,” the trial judge gave Dr. Neer the opportunity to supplement his knowledge of Spring Hill, while limiting the defendant’s ability to effectively cross-examine him on that newly acquired knowledge. According to Dr. Robinette, this procedure thwarted the purposes of discovery and eviscerated the motion in limine process.
We begin by noting that the motion in limine process inherently allows a trial judge to do exactly what the judge herein did. The plaintiffs were required to present at trial an expert who met all the requirements of Tenn.Code Ann. § 29-26-115. A motion in limine filed two days before trial and heard the next day was the first notice the plaintiffs got that the defendant was challenging their expert’s qualifications, thus depriving them of any opportunity to clarify or supplement the expert’s discovery deposition regarding the basis of his knowledge of the applicable standard of care. Consequently, we cannot conclude that the judge’s ruling was in any way inconsistent with motion in li-mine practice or was unfair.
It is not uncommon for experts whose qualifications are challenged to present additional or supplemental testimony (by affidavit, deposition, or at trial) regarding those qualifications. We know of no rule prohibiting this practice and no authority holding that such supplemental testimony cannot be based on information acquired after the initial pretrial testimony.
Instructive on this issue, for example, is the holding in Wilson v. Patterson, 73 S.W.3d 95 (Tenn.Ct.App.2001), wherein a Lexington, Kentucky gynecologist submitted an affidavit stating that the defendant doctor, who practiced in Memphis, had breached the applicable standard of care for the procedure involved. Defendant filed a motion for summary judgment based on the expert’s failure to meet the locality rule. In opposition to the motion, the plaintiff submitted another affidavit from the expert expanding on the basis for his knowledge of the applicable standard of care. In granting the defendant’s motion, the trial court struck the Kentucky doctor’s testimony, because, the court found, the witness had asserted in his first affidavit the existence of a national standard of care for laparoscopic procedures and he admitted that he had never been to Memphis other than to testify in medical malpractice trials.
This court reversed the trial court, noting (1) that in the original affidavit the expert had stated that the standard of care in Memphis was similar to that of Lexington where he practiced and (2) that in the subsequent affidavit the expert had set out additional reasons for his opinion that Lexington and Memphis are similar communities with regard to the standard of care. For example, in the second affidavit, the doctor noted that both cities are regional medical centers and are the locations of their state medical schools. He also stated that as a consequence of testifying in malpractice cases in Memphis, he had obtained enough familiarity with the standard of care for laparoscopies to confirm his belief that the standards were the same. Consequently, this court determined that the expert’s testimony in the supplemental affidavit sufficiently established the basis for his knowledge of the local standard of care and reversed the trial court’s grant of summary judgment to the defendant. Id. at 105-106.
Similarly, in Robinson, where the expert’s evidentiary deposition did not meet the locality rule requirements, the Supreme Court listed, as one of the factors leading to its conclusion that the trial court properly refused to re-open proof by allowing the expert to testify at trial, that in his request to allow the proposed expert to testify, the plaintiff had made no showing of “how [the expert’s] new testimony would differ or clarify the standard of professional care in accordance with statutory requirements.” Robinson, 83 S.W.3d at 725.
Our Supreme Court has made it clear that parties may supplement evidence offered in support of or in opposition to motions for summary judgment. In particular, a party may supplement information regarding the qualifications of an expert in a medical malpractice case. Stovall, 113 S.W.3d at 723. In that case, one of plaintiffs experts supplemented his affidavit regarding the basis for his knowledge of the applicable standard of care in response to defendant’s motion for summary judgment. The Supreme Court held that the supplemental affidavit was properly considered because it was filed in response to the motion before the trial court’s ruling. See also Wilson, 73 S.W.3d at 104 (holding the supplemental affidavit should have been considered). We find that allowing supplemental testimony at trial regarding Dr. Neer’s knowledge of the applicable standard of care was consistent with these rulings.
In Stovall, it appears the expert may have acquired additional information about the local medical community after his initial affidavit. See Stovall, 113 S.W.3d at 723 (the expert “stated in his supplemental affidavit that he had reviewed statistical information about the medical community ... ”). In fact, the defendant doctor contended the trial court should not have considered the supplemental affidavit in part because the statements therein were based on information provided several years after the alleged malpractice. The Supreme Court found these arguments merely contested the weight of the expert’s testimony. Id.
Additionally, even a grant or partial grant of summary judgment based upon insufficiencies in medical expert pre-judgment testimony can be set aside pursuant to a motion to alter or amend accompanied by additional evidence. Id. at 721. Such motions require the trial court to consider specific factors: the moving party’s effort to obtain the evidence in responding to the summary judgment; the importance of the new evidence to the moving party’s case; the moving party’s explanation for failing to offer the evidence in responding to the summary judgment; the unfair prejudice to the non-moving party; and any other relevant consideration. Id.; Harris v. Chem, 33 S.W.3d 741, 744 (Tenn.2000).
We do not believe that the defendant was prejudiced by Dr. Neer’s efforts to improve his understanding of dental practice in Spring Hill. He did not change his belief that Spring Hill was similar to La Grange for the purposes of the applicable standard of care but simply found additional evidence of that similarity. There was nothing to prevent Dr. Robinette from coming forward with evidence that the communities were dissimilar or the standard of care different.
Significantly, Dr. Robinette does not argue that Dr. Neer was incorrect in his opinion as to the applicable standards of care. Dr. Neer’s testimony about those standards did not change. Consequently, Dr. Robinette cannot claim that any alleged deficiency in Dr. Neer’s knowledge of Spring Hill or dental practices there at the time of his affidavit and deposition led him to an incorrect conclusion as to the applicable standards. The purpose of the locality rule is to ensure that Tennessee doctors are held to the appropriate standards. That purpose was served in this case. The in limine rulings of the trial court caused no injustice to Dr. Robinette.
We affirm the trial court’s decision to reserve ruling on the expert’s compliance with locality rule until he was offered as a witness at trial where his knowledge of the applicable standard was established.
VII. The Question of Causation
Dr. Robinette correctly notes that the malpractice statute provides that “injury alone does not raise a presumption of a the defendant’s negligence.” Tenn.Code Ann. § 29-26-115(d). Thus, the burden rests on the plaintiff to prove that the defendant’s negligent acts were the proximate cause of her injuries. This burden must be carried through expert testimony that, as a result of the defendant’s negligence, the plaintiff more likely than not suffered injuries which would not otherwise have occurred. Tenn.Code Ann. § 29-26-115(a)(3); Church v. Perales, 39 S.W.3d at 166.
Dr. Neer testified that in his opinion, the injury to the nerve was due to physical trauma, which occurred when Dr. Robi-nette’s instrument made contact with the patient’s facial nerve. He testified that as part of his dental training, he had to become familiar with the nerves of the head and neck, and the ways in which faulty instrumentation can cause nerve damage. Under cross-examination, he admitted that he was not an expert in the area of facial numbness or paralysis, and that the question of the permanence of nerve injuries was beyond his area of expertise.
On appeal, Dr. Robinette argues that all of Dr. Neer’s testimony as to causation should have been excluded because, as a dentist, Dr. Neer was not qualified to testify that any negligence by Dr. Robinette was the cause of Ms. Pullum’s injuries. He contends that causation, in this case was not within Dr. Neer’s expertise and that only a neurologist or a neurosurgeon should be considered qualified to testify about a nerve injury.
The statutory test for expert testimony as to any of the elements required to recover for health care malpractice is whether the expert is licensed to practice and has practiced “a profession or specialty which would make the person’s expert testimony relevant to the issues in the case.” Tenn.Code Ann. § 29 — 16—115(a)(3). Ledford, 742 S.W.2d at 647.
Disputes over this requirement, and the cases resolving those disputes, have most often involved qualification to establish the standard of care and centered on the specialty involved. For example, in Gardwell v. Bechtol, 724 S.W.2d 739, 754 (Tenn. 1987), the Court held that, although there is no requirement that the expert practice in the same specialty, the witness must be sufficiently familiar with the standard of the profession or specialty to be able to give relevant testimony. In that case, an orthopedic specialist admitted he was not familiar with the practice and types of treatment administered by osteopaths such as the defendant. While a neurologist attempted to testify as to the osteopath’s standard of care in two areas, he also conceded he had no training in the field and was unfamiliar with the standard of care of the profession of osteopathy. Consequently, neither expert could render a relevant opinion on standard of care. Id. at 752; see also, e.g., Searle v. Bryant, 713 S.W.2d 62 (Tenn.1986) (finding an infectious disease specialist/clinical microbiologist was qualified to testify about the standards of care applicable to surgeons for the preventions and treatment of surgical wound infections because his training and specific practice or experience made his testimony relevant to those issues); Led-ford, 742 S.W.2d at 647-48 (holding in an action against a psychiatrist that a neurologist who was also board certified in psychiatry was competent to testify as to the standard of care because his testimony regarding his training and specific experience made his testimony relevant to the issues).
The issue here, however, is not standard of care; it is causation. Dr. Robinette’s argument is that Dr. Neer’s training and experience as a dentist do not qualify him to testify as to the cause of nerve damage. He asserts this is a medical (presumably, as opposed to a dental) question.
Courts have in some cases held that certain professions are not qualified to render medical opinions. Several of those cases have held that the testimony of nurses, who are prohibited by statute from making medical diagnoses, could not establish medical causation. See Richberger v. The West Clinic, P.C., 152 S.W.3d 505 (Tenn.Ct.App. 2004) (no Tenn. R.App. P. 11 application filed) (discussing previous cases involving causation testimony by nurses).
Dr. Robinette relies primarily on American Enka v. Sutton, 216 Tenn. 228, 391 S.W.2d 643 (1965), a workers’ compensation case. The question in that case was whether the testimony of the injured worker and an optometrist were “of sufficient probative value to establish a causal connection between the accident [acid was splashed in the worker’s eye] and the loss of eyesight” in contradiction to the testimony of an ophthalmologist who testified there could be no possible connection between the accident and the specific neuritic condition of the worker. Id. at 645. The court answered the question negatively and found that the optometrist’s testimony could not be considered material evidence on the issue. That conclusion was based upon the fact that the optometrist’s training was in the field of measuring vision and fitting lenses. His training and profession did not qualify him as a medical expert in diseases of the eye. That deficiency was relevant because the ophthalmologist, who was trained in the treatment of diseases of the eye, had testified that the worker’s loss of sight was due to optic neuritis, an inflammation of the optic nerve.
We do not agree that Dr. Neer’s testimony as to causation should have been excluded. It appears to us that by training and experience, Dr. Neer is qualified to testify as to the types of nerve damage that can result from negligently performed dental procedures. Dr. Neer testified that learning about the nerves in the face and head was part of his dental training. He stated, “We’re taught where the nerves are, where they exit, what anatomical structures are in the area, what procedures are likely to damage nerves, and we’re taught how to take the necessary precautions not to do that.” He exhibited his knowledge of how nerves function and how anesthesia, administered by dentists, affects that functioning. While a dentist such as Dr. Neer may not be able to explain precisely why a nerve probed by an instrument is damaged, he was competent to testify that such damage occurs. Any deficiencies in his knowledge of the scientific basis for the working of nerves go to the weight of his testimony. We find Dr. Neer’s testimony on causation sufficient to establish that element.
Conclusion
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed. We remand this case to the Circuit Court of Maury County for any further proceedings that may be necessary. The costs on appeal are taxed to the appellant, Dr. Richard Robinette.
. Ms. Pullum filed her initial claim within a year of her injury, but voluntarily dismissed it in July of 2000. The present claim was filed pursuant to the savings statute, Tenn.Code Ann. § 28-1-105.
. It is uncontradicted that Dr. Neer met the requirements of Tenn.Code Ann. § 29-26-115(b). He was licensed to practice dentistry in two states (Missouri and Illinois), one of which (Missouri) is contiguous to Tennessee, and he was practicing in Missouri at the time of the plaintiffs injury.
. The record before us appropriately does not include the entire trial transcript, but only an excerpt with Dr. Neer’s testimony.
. Dr. Neer testified at trial that Dr. Robinette violated various standards of care in numerous ways while treating Ms. Pullum. He admitted on cross-examination that some of those violations had no impact on the final result,, such as failing to. take her complete health history and failing to get her signature on an informed consent form.
. The plaintiffs informed the defendant that Dr. Neer would be their expert witness on December 11, 2001, by answers to interrogatories. Disclosure of experts and their opinions was due under the scheduling order August 1, 2002. Plaintiffs again identified Dr. Neer as their testifying expert by letter dated July 31, 2002, but his opinions and the bases therefor were not disclosed until August 15, 2002. The August 15 date was an agreed extension of the August 1 deadline. According to affidavits of the attorneys in the record, counsel for the defendant notified the plaintiffs she wanted to depose Dr. Neer by letter dated August 29, and the attorneys agreed to an extension of the discovery deadline for that purpose. The deposition of Dr. Neer was finally taken on November 21, 2002, a short time before the trial was set to begin. Counsel for both parties went to great length to explain they were not assigning blame for the delay.
. The Pullums’ attorney notes that the discovery deposition was conducted by Dr. Robi-nette's attorney, that he himself did not ask any questions, and that Dr. Robinette’s attorney did not follow up on some of Dr. Neer’s answers with questions that might have revealed that the expert witness possessed greater knowledge of local dental practice than the deposition otherwise indicated. We note that both parties were aware, at the time of the deposition, that the deadline for filing dispositive motions had passed. See infra note 9.
. Plaintiff argued that no motion for summary judgment had been filed, and, consequently, plaintiff was not compelled to supplement Dr. Neer's testimony or to ask questions of Dr. Neer at the discovery deposition to establish more fully Dr. Neer's knowledge of Spring Hill or the standard of care applicable to dentistry there. The court observed that had Dr. Robinette filed a motion for summary judgment with supporting expert affidavits, the plaintiff would have been required to come forward with an opposing affidavit from a qualified expert and the plaintiff’s lawyer would have been asking questions at the deposition. A properly supported motion for summary judgment negating an essential element of the plaintiff's claim requires the plaintiff to offer evidence to establish that element, and a plaintiff cannot simply rest on the pleadings. Staples v. CBL & Assocs. Inc., 15 S.W.3d 83, 89 (Tenn.2000).
. In their brief, the Pullums assert they would have relied on one of Dr. Robinette’s experts in the absence of Dr. Neer's testimony.
. One of the arguments made by counsel for Dr. Robinette was that if Dr. Neer testified as to specific information regarding Spring Hill in response to questions that he had previously answered with "I don’t know,” the cancellation rule would be triggered.
. For example, he testified that he had learned that the economy of Spring Hill, like that of La Grange, was based on both agriculture and manufacturing, and that while there were no practicing endodontists in either community, such specialists could be found within about twenty miles. He also revealed that he had previously been qualified as an expert witness in a case in Brownsville, Tennessee. He was able to testify as to the exact mileage between Nashville and Spring Hill, whereas previously he had only a general understanding of the relationship. We tend to agree with Dr. Neer that exact knowledge of some specifics is less important than an understanding of the general practice in the area, e.g. whether referrals to out of town specialists are customarily made. We note that some of the information Dr. Neer obtained in his inquiries relate to the actual practice in Spring Hill as well as the similarity of the communities.
. The United States Supreme Court has used the term "in a broad sense to refer to any motion, whether made before or during trial, to exclude anticipated prejudicial evidence before the evidence is actually offered.” Luce v. United States, 469 U.S. 38, 40 n. 2, 105 S.Ct. 460, 462 n. 2, 83 L.Ed.2d 443 (1984).
. As the Sixth Circuit has stated:
A motion in limine is a request for guidance by the court regarding an evidentiary question. The trial court may, within its discretion, provide such guidance by making a preliminary ruling with respect to admissibility. The parties may then consider the court’s ruling when formulating their trial strategy. However, we see no reason why the trial court could not change its ruling, for whatever reason, when the evidence is actually offered and objected to at trial.
United States v. Luce, 713 F.2d 1236, 1239 (6th Circuit 1983), affd., 469 U.S. 38, 105 S.Ct. 460, 83 L.Ed.2d 443 (1984).
. This court has stated that an expert is not required to be familiar with all the medical statistics of a particular community in order to qualify as an expert in a medical malpractice action. Ledford v. Moskowitz, 742 S.W.2d 645 (Tenn.Ct.App.1987). Even in his pretrial statements, Dr. Neer expressed an understanding of the locality rule viz a viz a nationwide standard and demonstrated some underlying basis for his familiarity with the local standard. See Stovall, 113 S.W.3d at 723. Regardless of whether or not an expert uses the "magic words” implicit in the statute, the court’s role is to determine whether the expert’s opinion is based on trustworthy information. Church v. Perales, 39 S.W.3d 149, 167 (Tenn.Ct.App.2000).
. The defendant in Wilson, like the defendant in the case before us, argued that the expert’s statements in the two affidavits were inconsistent, canceling each other out, and that the "cancellation rule” required that all his testimony be discredited. As the Court in Wilson held, the applicable law is that contradictory statements by the same witness regarding a single fact cancel each other out, making those statements "no evidence” of the fact sought to be proved. Church v. Perales, 39 S.W.3d at 169. In Wilson, this court held that the expert’s two affidavits were not contradictory and there was no conflict in the statements regarding the applicable standard of care. Wilson, 73 S.W.3d at 104. In the first affidavit, the expert stated that the standard of care in Memphis would be similar to that in Lexington; in the second, he enumerated the similarities in the two communities "to substantiate his familiarity with his the standard of care in Memphis." Id. The pretrial deposition herein includes Dr. Neer’s statement that he believed that La Grange and Spring Hill were similar and that the standard of care for a root canal and other relevant procedures would be the same in the two communities. Any trial testimony regarding those similarities would not be inconsistent with his earlier statements. We find the cancellation rule argument to be without merit.
. The defendant had objected to consideration of the supplemental affidavit as untimely filed. In the case before us, the timing of the motion and hearing precluded a supplemental response from the expert in time for the hearing. The court, in effect, allowed the clarification or supplementation before ruling on the expert's qualification.
. Dr. Neer’s competence to testify as to causation and prognosis was the subject of another motion in limine. The trial court ruled that Dr. Neer, based on his own testimony, was not competent to testify as to the permanence of the injury, but was competent to testify as to causation. The court stated, "I think dentists receive training about nerves. Obviously, that’s what the root canal is all about is working with nerves ... even if the doctor cannot explain about nerve conduction to the brain and back, I think he can testify about what caused something.” Dr. Robi-nette does not really challenge the in limine ruling in this appeal, but rather challenges the in court testimony of Dr. Neer.
| CASELAW |
Image processing with neural networks- A review
M. Egmont-Petersen*, D. De Ridder, H. Handels
*Corresponding author for this work
559 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
We review more than 200 applications of neural networks in image processing and discuss the present and possible future role of neural networks, especially feed-forward neural networks, Kohonen feature maps and Hopfield neural networks. The various applications are categorised into a novel two-dimensional taxonomy for image processing algorithms. One dimension specifies the type of task performed by the algorithm: preprocessing, data reduction/feature extraction, segmentation, object recognition, image understanding and optimisation. The other dimension captures the abstraction level of the input data processed by the algorithm: pixel-level, local feature-level, structure-level, object-level, object-set-level and scene characterisation. Each of the six types of tasks poses specific constraints to a neural-based approach. These specific conditions are discussed in detail. A synthesis is made of unresolved problems related to the application of pattern recognition techniques in image processing and specifically to the application of neural networks. Finally, we present an outlook into the future application of neural networks and relate them to novel developments.
Original languageEnglish
JournalPattern Recognition
Volume35
Issue number10
Pages (from-to)2279-2301
Number of pages23
ISSN0031-3203
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 01.01.2002
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Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Google Chrome tracks and keeps a record of your browsing history. This comprises of all the websites/web pages you visit in the past some time, their URLs enlisted chronologically under the tab of ‘history’. Not limited to sites, but also the saved passwords, caches and cookies form a part of your browsing history
However, you would not always want your browser to keep your search history and would want to delete a part or all of it. Don’t worry; there are ways to delete Google Chrome history, which we will see further in this article!
Ever since Google launched Chrome in 2008, it has taken over Internet Explorer’s fan following, which had long been the most used browser. With 70% market share, Google Chrome undoubtedly the reigns over all browsers. And why would it not? It gives you a clean and straightforward user interface with swift search speeds while recording the data parts that you browse on the web.
If you want to delete Chrome history, the first step is to view it:
1. On your computer, open the Google Chrome browser
2. At the top right corner, click More
3. Click History
Clearing all of your browsing history in Chrome
After you’ve arrived at the Chrome history page, you’ll be able to see a list of all the websites you visited in the past, listed along with the time you visited them at, in chronological order.
If you want to remove all of your Google Chrome browsing histories from the beginning, you can do the following-
On the Chrome history page,
1. On the left, click Clear browsing data. A box will appear.
2. As you wish to clear everything, from the drop-down menu, choose the beginning of time.
3. Check the boxes for the info you want Chrome to clear, including “browsing history.”
4. Click Clear browsing data.
Clearing only a part of your browsing history in Chrome
If you do not wish to clear all of the Chrome’s browsing data and instead, only of the past 24 hours or 1 week or so, you should:
On the Chrome history page,
1. On the left, click Clear browsing data. A box will appear.
2. From the drop-down menu, select how much history you want to delete. For example, 24 hours, one week etc.
3. Check the boxes for the info you want Chrome to clear, including “browsing history.”
4. Click Clear browsing data.
Deleting an item from your browsing history
In case you want to delete just a website or webpage from your browsing history and not a chunk of it, you can do the following:
Go to the history page,
1. Search for what you want to delete using the search bar at the top
2. Check the box next to the item that you wish to remove from your History.
3. At the top right corner, click Delete.
4. Confirm by clicking Remove.
Deleting your browsing history will take effect on all devices where you’re signed in to Chrome.
Avoiding your browsing history to get saved in Google Chrome
At times, it can be tedious and time taking to search items from your browsing history and delete them. Thus, in cases where you know you would want to remove the history of the pages you’re about to visit, you can switch to the ‘incognito mode’ of the Google Chrome browser.
This feature helps you to browse without Chrome saving your browsing history, cookies and site data, or information entered in forms. However, your employer or internet service provider may still be able to see your activity.
To open the incognito window:
1. Open the Chrome browser
2. At the top right, click More
3. From the drop-down menu, click- New Incognito Window.
4. A new window appears.
You can also use a keyboard shortcut to open an Incognito window:
• Windows, Linux, or Chrome OS: Press Ctrl + Shift + n.
• Mac: Press + Shift + n.
Happy browsing!
Google Chrome tracks and keeps a record of your browsing history, which includes browsed sites, saved passwords, caches and cookies. Follow these simple steps to clear Google Chrome history. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Kiwix is a free and open-source offline web browser. It was first launched to allow offline access to Wikipedia, but has since expanded to include other projects from the Wikimedia foundation as well as public domain texts from the Project Gutenberg. Kiwix is available in more than 100 languages.
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Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia that allows its users to edit almost any article. Wikipedia is the largest and most popular general reference work on the Internet and is ranked among the ten most popular websites. Wikipedia is owned by the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation.
Wikipedia was launched on January 15, 2001, by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger. Sanger coined its name, a portmanteau of wiki and encyclopedia. It was only in the English language initially, but it quickly developed similar versions in other languages which differ in content and in editing practices. With articles, English Wikipedia is the largest out of more than 290 versions of encyclopedias on Wikipedia. Overall, Wikipedia consists of more than 40 million articles in more than 250 different languages. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/Michael Jackson albums discography/archive1
* The following is an archived discussion of a featured list nomination. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the article's talk page or in Wikipedia talk:Featured list candidates. No further edits should be made to this page.
The list was promoted by PresN via FACBot (talk) 00:27, 21 April 2022 (UTC).
Michael Jackson albums discography
* Nominator(s): TheWikiholic (talk) 17:39, 5 November 2021 (UTC)
I am nominating Michael Jackson albums discography for the featured list because it is sourced, well-organized, and easy to navigate through. I have spent quite some time expanding and cleaning up the article, which I now believe meets the featured list criteria. This is my second featured list nomination, and I look forward to the comments. Regards.— TheWikiholic (talk) 17:39, 5 November 2021 (UTC)
Drive-by comment: Most album details appear to be unsourced (the chart histories may contain this info, but that is not clear at the moment), and the chart positions for the video albums are completely unsourced. Also, many sources have access dates from 2009 or 2010, so how can they cover albums released throughout the 2010s? Make sure access dates and archived pages reflect recent updates. RunningTiger123 (talk) 17:49, 5 November 2021 (UTC)
* I have reviewed and sampled many articles from Category:FL-Class Discography articles before nominating this article, and none of them were sourced as you say. They either use the sources part of chart history or the certifications. Here I've already added a source for the albums, even if it was not certified even though it has already charted. There were only seven releases since 2010 and that's why most of the sources have access dates prior to 2010.— TheWikiholic (talk) 04:13, 6 November 2021 (UTC)
* I know that older nominations don't have the same level of sourcing, but the three most recent discography promotions – Regine Velasquez discography, MewithoutYou discography, and Amy Grant discography – all provide sources for album details. Also, access dates and archived pages still need to be updated even if most of the cited information predates those; we need to source all of the information, not most of it. RunningTiger123 (talk) 16:31, 6 November 2021 (UTC)
* Follow-up: I missed the part where you'd updated the sources – those generally look good now, though I haven't taken an in-depth look. Thanks for doing that! RunningTiger123 (talk) 16:33, 6 November 2021 (UTC)
Accessibility review (MOS:DTAB)
* Tables need captions, which allow screen reader software to jump straight to named tables without having to read out all of the text before it each time. Visual captions can be added by putting + caption_text as the first line of the table code; if that caption would duplicate a nearby section header, you can make it screen-reader-only by putting + instead.
* Done. TheWikiholic (talk) 18:14, 12 November 2021 (UTC)
* Tables need column scopes for all column header cells, which in combination with row scopes (which you have) lets screen reader software accurately determine and read out the headers for each cell of a data table. Column scopes can be added by adding !scope=col to each header cell, e.g. becomes . Note that where you have double headers (e.g. Peak chart positions and also the individual countries) both column headers need the scope.
* Done. TheWikiholic (talk) 13:50, 14 November 2021 (UTC)
* Please see MOS:DTAB for example table code if this isn't clear. -- Pres N 21:35, 11 November 2021 (UTC)
* take a look now, please.— TheWikiholic (talk) 01:49, 15 November 2021 (UTC)
* Ah, not quite- see my edit to the page. Both the "Peak chart positions" and all of the "US", etc. column headers need it too. I've done it for the first table as an example. -- Pres N 15:43, 15 November 2021 (UTC)
* Please see my latest edits and let me know if I missed anything. TheWikiholic (talk) 08:09, 21 November 2021 (UTC)
* Support as I see no other lingering issues at all. TruthGuardians (talk) 02:01, 17 December 2021 (UTC)
Comments Support by Gerald Waldo Luis
Great to see this, as I'm a relatively new MJ fan ever since my brother got interested in his songs. This looks like massive amount of work, which I applaud, but of course at a cost of some flaws which I found. If they're all resolved I'll happily support this nom. Gerald WL 17:30, 1 February 2022 (UTC)
* Support. Sorry TheWikiholic for the delay; it looks all good for me now! Gerald WL 16:19, 11 March 2022 (UTC)
Comments from TRM
* I'm not convinced that Jackson released two posthumous albums, he wasn't alive to do that...
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 07:19, 20 March 2022 (UTC)
* Comparable figures should be all numerals or all words (numbers of each type of album...)
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 07:19, 20 March 2022 (UTC)
* "later known as The Jacksons" for consistency, shouldn't that be "the Jacksons"?
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 07:19, 20 March 2022 (UTC)
* "still part of The Jackson 5" etc etc.
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 07:19, 20 March 2022 (UTC)
* "was certified Gold by the" you've mentioned "certification" before. so the link should be there and not on "Gold".
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 07:19, 20 March 2022 (UTC)
* " on the Billboard Pop Albums Chart and " consistency needed on format of Billboard here. Check all others.
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 03:15, 3 April 2022 (UTC)
* "both the U.S. and the Australian ARIA charts" this implies that there are ARIA charts in the US.
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 07:19, 20 March 2022 (UTC)
* "U.S.’ best-selling album for two years" awkward, perhaps "best-selling album in the United States for two years"
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 07:19, 20 March 2022 (UTC)
* "The album's success set the standard for the music industry" what does that even mean? And the linked article relates to the success of the Thriller video an its impact, not the album per se.
* Fixed.TheWikiholic (talk) 15:26, 24 March 2022 (UTC)
* What is ref 36 supposed to be saying?
* Reference 36 is supposed to say that the album was certified 8-time platinum by RIAA.
* You have "5 million" and "six million" in the same paragraph. Be consistent and compliant with MOS.
* Fixed.TheWikiholic (talk) 15:26, 24 March 2022 (UTC)
* "It has sold over six million copies" the source says "reportedly six million".
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 07:19, 20 March 2022 (UTC)
* "and The Essential Michael Jackson" why is "The" outside the link?!
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 07:19, 20 March 2022 (UTC)
* "until at least 2017" it's 2022, so what now?
* Fixed.TheWikiholic (talk) 15:26, 24 March 2022 (UTC)
That's the lead reviewed. Plenty to do here. The Rambling Man (Keep wearing the mask...) 10:39, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Please have a look at my edits, and let me know if I missed something. TheWikiholic (talk) 18:27, 27 March 2022 (UTC)
Comments from Kavyansh
* "Since his death, ... posthumously released" — doesn't these both mean same?
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 17:14, 7 April 2022 (UTC)
* "Jackson made his debut at the age of five" — which year? 1963?
* No, 1964. TheWikiholic (talk) 17:14, 7 April 2022 (UTC)
* "In the same year" — remove 'In'
* Done. TheWikiholic (talk) 17:14, 7 April 2022 (UTC)
* "was certified Gold" v. "was certified silver" — Is there a reason why 'G' is capitalized but 's' is not?
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 17:14, 7 April 2022 (UTC)
* "four years later in 1979" — In this particular case, I don't think mentioning year is important. We know 1975 + 4 = 1979
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 17:14, 7 April 2022 (UTC)
* "It influences artists" — Should be in past tense, I think
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 17:14, 7 April 2022 (UTC)
* "9× Platinum" v. "34× platinum" v. "11× platinum" v. "8× platinum" — check capitalization for all of these as well as others
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 17:14, 7 April 2022 (UTC)
* "on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart" — Italicize Billboard?
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 17:14, 7 April 2022 (UTC)
* A 5 paragraphed lead is bit too long. MOS:LEAD advises lead to be generally no longer than 4 paragraphs.
* Fixed. TheWikiholic (talk) 17:14, 7 April 2022 (UTC)
* For all those empty cells, wouldn't it be better to just add a center aligned em-dash?
* I've referenced a few FL discographies, and none of them use center-aligned em-dash in empty cells like sales or certifications.— TheWikiholic (talk) 17:48, 9 April 2022 (UTC)
* Ref#8: needs en-dash instead of that hyphen
* Done.— TheWikiholic (talk) 17:48, 9 April 2022 (UTC)
* Ref#54: "Michael Jackson - Australian Albums Chart": needs en-dash instead of that hyphen
* Done.— TheWikiholic (talk) 17:48, 9 April 2022 (UTC)
– Kavyansh.Singh (talk) 05:18, 5 April 2022 (UTC)
* Check for same for all the references, like Ref#56, #57, #58, #59, #60, #68, etc. (Not a full source review)
* Done.— TheWikiholic (talk) 17:48, 9 April 2022 (UTC)
* All my comments are probably resolved. I'll check back later if I can support. – Kavyansh.Singh (talk) 06:50, 13 April 2022 (UTC)
Source review passed; promoting. -- Pres N 20:23, 20 April 2022 (UTC)
| WIKI |
After installing Harmony, configure the database parameters depending on your machine's setup and configure third-party software.
1. Configuring the License Server
2. Configuring Harmony
Configuring the License Server
Now that you have installed Harmony, you must set up the licensing so it can run on the server and client machines.
1. Start the License Wizard:
/usr/local/ToonBoomAnimation/harmony[edition]_12.1/lnx86_64/bin/LicenseWizard
2. Start Harmony.
The Welcome screen appears.
1. Click Activate License.
The Activation Options screen appears.
1. Click Internet Activation.
The Internet Activation Options screen appears.
1. Click Network License.
The Internet Activation - Network License screen appears.
1. Do the following:
In the Product Code field, enter your product code.
In the License Count field, enter the number of licenses the product code grants you.
NOTE: Once activated and returned to the activation server, a server license cannot be activated again. Make sure you are activating the license on the correct computer with the proper license count.
1. Click Activate.
The Install License Server screen appears.
1. Click Install License Server.
The license.dat file is created in /usr/local/flexlm/licenses/license.dat. The License Server is also configured and started.
The license.dat created contains the following:
SERVER this_host 0 ANY
VENDOR toonboom
USE_SERVER
Configuring Harmony
After installation, set up the database configuration for computers running Harmony.
1. Setting Up the Database Server
2. Creating the Toon Boom Harmony File System
Setting Up the Database Server
The Dbserver controls all interactions with the contents of the Toon Boom Harmony database. It processes all requests to open, read or update files, keeping track of locked files so they cannot be edited by anyone.
When installing Harmony on the server for the first time, the Harmony database folder is created automatically. Verify that the folder was created correctly. Look for the USA_DB folder in the root folder /USA_DB. If you do not see the folder, then create it using the create_usa_db script:
/usr/local/ToonBoomAnimation/harmony[edition]_12/lnx86_64/bin/create_usa_db /USA_DB
Next, create and edit the Dbserver.conf file to set up the Dbserver. Then run a script to start it.
After you set up and start the license and Dbserver, you are ready to create the file system for the Toon Boom Harmony database. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Notes and Queries - Series 12 - Volume 6.djvu/70
NOTES AND QUERIES. [12 8 . vi FEB., 192*
The SECRET of BEING a CONVINCING TALKER
How I learned it in one evening.
By GEORGE RAYMOND.
" Have you heard the news about Frank Jordan ? He's been made secretary of the company ! "
This news quickly brought me to the little group which hid gathered in the centre of the office.
I could hardly believe my ears I knew Jordan was a capable fellow, quiet and unassuming, but I never would have selected him for any such sudden rise. I knew, to", that the Secretary of the Great Eastern had to be a big man, and I wondered how in the world Jordan secured the position.
The first chance I got I walked into Jordan's new office, and after congratulating him warmly I asked him to give me the details of how he jumped ahead so quickly. His sr.ory is so intensely interesting that I am going to repeat it as closely as I remember.
" I'll tell you just bow it happened, George, because you may pick up a point or two that will help you.
" You remember how scared I used to be whenever I had to talk to the chief? You remember how you used to tell me that every time I opened my mouth I put my foot into it, meaning, of course, that every time I spoke I got into trouble ? You remember when Ralph Sinton left to take charge of the Western office and I was asked to present him with the silver cup the boys gave him how flustered I was, and how I couldn't say a word because there were people around? You remember how confused I used to be every time I met new people ? I could'nt say what I wanted to say when I wanted to say it ; and I determined that if there was any possible chance to learn how to talk I was going to do it.
"The first thing I did was to buy a number of books on public speaking, but they seemed to be meant for those who wanted to become orators, whereas what I wanted to learn was not only how to speak in public, but bow to speak to individuals under various condi- tions in business and social life.
"A few weeks later, just as I was about to give up hope of ever learning how to talk interestingly, I read an announcement stating that Dr. Frederick L<vw had just completed a new course in business talking and public speaking entitled ' Mastery of Speech*' The course was offered on approval without money in advance, so, since I had nothing whatever to lose by examining the lessons, I sent for them, and in a few days tney arrived. I glanced through the entire eight lessons, reading the headings and a few paragraphs here and there, and in about an hour the whole secret of effective speaking was open to me.
'For example, I learned why I had always lacked confidence, why talking had always seemed something to be dreaded, whereas it is really the simplest thing in the world to ' get up and talk.' I learned how to secure complete attention to what I was saying, and how to make everything I said interesting, foicefu), and convincing. I learned the art of listening, the vajue of silence, and the power of brevity. Instead of being funny at the wrong time, I learned how and when to use humour with telling effect.
" But perhaps the most wonderful part of the lessons were the actual examples of what things to say and when to say them to meet every condition. I found that there was a knack in making oral reports to my superiors. I found that there was a right way and a wrong way to present complaints, to give estimates and to isRueorders.
" I picked up some wonderful points about how to give my opinions, about how to answer complaints, about how to ask the bank for a loan, about how to ask for extensions. Another thing that struck me forcibly was that, instead of antagonizing people when I didn't agree with them, I learned how to bring them round to my way of thinking in the most pleasant sort of way.
Then, of course, along with those lessons there were chapters on speaking before large audiences, how to findJ material fur talking and speaking. howto talk to friends, how to talk to servants, and how to talk to children.
" Why, I got the secret the very first evening, and it was only a short time before I was able to apply all of the principls, and found that mv words were begin- ning to have an almost magical effect upon everybody to whom I spoke. It seemed that I got things done instantly, whereas formerly, as you know, what I said, went 'in one ear and out of the other.' I began to acquire an executive ability that surprised me. I smoothed out difficulties like a true diplomat. In my talks with the chief I spoke clearly, simply, convinc- ingly. Then came my first promotion since I entered the accounting department. I was given the job of answering complaints, and I made good. From that I was given the job of making collections. When Mr. Buckley joined the Officers Training Corps I was made secretary- Between you and me, Georga, my salary is- now 1,500 a year, and I expect it will be more by the end of the year.
"And I want to tell you honestly that I attribute my success solely to the fact that I learned how to talk to people."
When Jordan finished I asked hin> for the address of the publishers of Dr. Law's Course, and he gave it to me. I sent for it and found it to be exactly as he had 1 stated. After studying the eight simple lessons I began to sell to people wh had previously refused to listen to me at all. After four months of record- breaking sales during the dullest season of the year, I received a wire from the chief asking me to return to- the city office. We had quite a long talk, in which I explained how I was able to break sales records, and I was appointed Sales Manager at almost twice my former salary. I know that there was nothing in me that had changed except that I had acquired the ability to talk, where formerly I simply used "words without reason." I can never thank Jordan enough for telling me about Dr. Law's Coursa in Business Talking and Public Speaking. Jordan and I are both' spending all our spare time in making public speeches- on political subjects, ami Jordan is being talked about, now as Mayor of our Town.
SEND NO MONEY.
So confident are the publishers of " Mastery of Speech,' 1 Dr. Law's Course in Business Talking and' Public Speaking, of the result, once you have an opportunity to see in your own borne how you can, in one hour, learn the secret of speaking, and how you can apply the principles of effective speech under all 1 conditions, that they are willing to send you the course- for free examination for 3 days.
Don't send any money. Merely write a letter and' the complete Course will be sent, all charges prepaid at once. If you are not entirely satisfied send it back any time within three days after you receive it, and you will owe nothing.
On the other hand, if you are as pleased as are the thousands of other men and women who have taken the Course, send only 30s, in full payment. You take no risk and you have everything to gain, so writa now before this remarkable offer is withdrawn. 60,000 men and women have benefited by Dr. Law's Course.
THE SECRETAHY (Dept. 102), DR. LAW'S MASTERY OF SPEECH COURSE,
2 Bramhaw Gardens, S.W.5. [Adrt.
Printed by THE ATHEN.ECM PRESS. Bream'i Buildings. E.C.4. and Published by THE TIMES PUBLISHING COMPANY (limited;)
Printing House Squart, London E.C .4.- February, 1920. | WIKI |
Embedded Basics – Hash Fundamentals
Hashes are crucial in computer science and provide a wide range of capabilities and functionality. In addition, hashes play an important role in verifying and securing an embedded system to an embedded software developer. This post will examine cryptographic hash fundamentals and provide the foundations that a developer can use to start understanding embedded security.
Let’s start by looking at the very definition of a hash. A hash is a value generated by a hash function based on the input provided to the function. The hash is used to provide a value that can verify the integrity of information without revealing that information to the party performing the verification. So, for example, a developer can run their software image through a hash function to generate a hash value that a customer or end-user can verify that they received the correct software image.
A developer should consider a hash a unique digital fingerprint of the data. The hash function’s nice thing is that end-users can verify that they have the correct software by comparing their hash with the officially generated hash. Still, the hash value cannot be used to generate the information. The process is meant to be unidirectional. This provides a simple method to verify without giving away the details.
Several different hash functions are used to generate hashes, sometimes called hash codes or hash values. A few common hashes include:
• MD5 (120-bit)
• SHA-1 (160-bit)
• SHA-3 (224-bit, 256-bit, 512-bit)
A fixed number of output bits are generated when a hash is generated for the input data. For example, a commonly used cryptographic hash, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1), produces a 160-bit value. A developer can generate an SHA-1 hash by feeding their data into their SHA-1 generator or experimenting with an online generator. For example, simple data such as “Hello World!” generates the hash below:
SHA-1(“Hello World!”) = 2ef7bde608ce5404e97d5f042f95f89f1c232871
Hashes play several different roles in an embedded. First, a bootloader can use a hash to verify that the software image they have received is indeed correct. Second, hashes can be used as part of a secure boot sequence to verify firmware image integrity during boot-up. Third, if a hacker has tried to inject their own code into the application image, the stored hash will not match the application stored in flash and signal that something is not right with the application. Third, hashes play a role in server authentication and digital signing.
Embedded software developers need to be careful when selecting the hash algorithm they will be using in their application. Hash functions can be computed cycle intensive, which means that they could take a while to calculate on a resource restrained device such as a microcontroller. There are several considerations that developers should think through before settling on a hash function:
• identify whether there is a hardware accelerator on their microcontroller that can speed up hash calculations
• evaluate which algorithm best fits their application. (There is no need to use SHA3-512 if SHA-1 is sufficient
Before embedded developers realize it, hashes will be far more pervasive in embedded systems than CRCs and checksums. In fact, in some areas, they may already be! But, of course, they’ve already been used for years in general computing systems. As security becomes a major concern in many connected systems, it’s only natural that they find their way into microcontroller-based systems as well.
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Talk:Architectural theory
Architecture Theory hierarchical tree
I understand that Architecture Portal is working hard in the definition of various styles (and thus theory in itself), but I feel that a logical, simple but deep hierarchical tree on architectural theory is required. This because Architecture is not a closed subject, there were and are many schools of thought and "traditions" of thinking, which correlate with past thinkers and philosophers. Without notes near me I can remember an Existentialist school, a Phenomenological school (please correct my typos if I make mistakes here, thank you), Structuralist, Post-Structuralist, etc etc, with many inspirers among who Nietzche is one of them. But there were a lot others, perhaps even some hundreds. And this is not a difficult information to acquire.
These people defend different definitions of architecture, and this is why is so important. These different perspectives should be available to the public the most concise and informative way possible. This also may explain the hot nature of the debate in the definition of architecture section, as people tried to post their own view of "what" architecture is really about, disregarding or injuring the posted views of others. This section could clear us up in that regard.
If I have time (not seeing it happen) I will try to post a suggestion of a tree when I have my books near me. Anyone help?
That sounds like a pretty major project, but a brief sketch would be pretty useful. It would be especially useful for "the public" and new students of architecture. In order to not make it reductive and stereotypical it would have to be pretty complex. Failing that, it seems that we could maybe add the more recent architectural theory readers to the bibliography. I am thinking of Michael Hays' and Kate Nesbitt, although there is also the Joan Ockman. My only other thought is maybe to structure it around major questions being asked in architecture, such as "what social responsibility does the architect have?" or "what is the best way to derive form?" or "what is the importance of process?" or "how does the building relate figure to ground?" or "what role does the detail play in architecture?". Things like that might be an easier and more fruitful way of explaining current debates in theory?
JoyKnoblauch 13:52, 11 October 2006 (UTC)
A bit off topic
The 20th century section seemed to me to be interesting but heading off topic, so I've drastically revised it but post the original below for info:
With the rise of science and modernisim in the 20th Century, the issue of Determinism came to the fore. If "we shape our buildings, then they shape us" (Churchill), then there are many ethical implications to every design decision. The ethos of the international style led to aims of using industrialised architecture to reshape society, as well as accommodating the new demands of motor transport and providing replacement dwellings for slum clearance in urban renewal projects while keeping densities high enough to avoid urban sprawl. The results of were often a social failure for various reasons, and by the 1960s there was increasing interest in responding to communities rather than crudely shaping them. Concepts of flexibility were explored, and ways of consultation were developed with the aim of involving communities in design input.
Jane Jacobs has considerable influence, and her work has been backed by environmental psychology statistically demonstrating that different building arrangements have huge effects on rates of violent crime, levels of mental health, community activity, physical wellbeing. Concerns about architects "playing god" led many debates, which have continued today (- for example to counter rising obesity, ought elevators to be located distant from car parking areas, and stairs far closer?). In practical terms, UK police are regularly involved in advising on ways to minimise crime at the design stage.
In the UK at least, the role of the architect in society was challenged from within the profession as a result of such discussion, and has continued to be challenged, with the government's Egan report (1990s) advocating that the architectural profession should focus on efficiency of output (streamlining design, like the automotive industry), rather than on any deep-set social role or agenda.
Hope that helps, .. dave souza, talk 10:50, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
* Much more on the button I think, thanks --Mcginnly | Natter 00:50, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
A mess
This article is a mess. One can clearly see that Wikipedia people are all about sciences and techs and surely not about arts, specially architecture. When I reach home I'll try to figure out a way to make that hierarchical tree someone talked here about, make that "cleansweep". I'll need help. Anyone?
<IP_ADDRESS> 19:45, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
Survey
This article has a very broad scope and can't go into too much detail about any one figure. There was quite a lot of information on Sitte added, I may be splitting hairs here but his work was more urban planning than architectural theory. I moved it to the Sitte article, and am tempted to trim even more to make room for more for others to be added later.D. Recorder 00:42, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
This page is still a mess
As of summer 2009, this page not only remains a mess, but is littered with misinformation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Visconti24 (talk • contribs) 00:03, 6 August 2009 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 1 one external link on Architectural theory. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120323042805/http://www.reading.ac.uk/biomimetics/about.htm to http://www.reading.ac.uk/biomimetics/about.htm
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 08:21, 17 October 2016 (UTC)
Images
Hello Wiki-architect-theorists, I added three images. Couldn't resist, hope everyone is ok w/ them if not, please change them! ovA_165443 03:54, 8 October 2018 (UTC)
* Given the concerns outlined above and the importance of this overview, what are plans for addressing these concerns? LBollefer (talk) 03:36, 24 January 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
phdru.name / Software / dotfiles / python
# This is startup file for interactive python.
# It is not automatically loaded by python interpreter.
# To instruct the interpreter to load it insert the following commands
# into your .profile (use whatever syntax and initialization file
# is appropriate for your shell):
#
# PYTHONSTARTUP=$HOME/init.py # or where you have really put it
# export PYTHONSTARTUP
#
# Due to nested_scopes and pydoc.help(*args, **kwds) this file only works with
# Python 2.1 or higher.
#
# Text version here
#
# Generated by gvim :runtime syntax/2html.vim
#
# This is startup file for interactive python.
# It is not automatically loaded by python interpreter.
# To instruct the interpreter to load it insert the following commands
# into your .profile (use whatever syntax and initialization file
# is appropriate for your shell):
#
# PYTHONSTARTUP=$HOME/init.py # or where you really put it
# export PYTHONSTARTUP
def init():
try:
import __builtin__ as builtins
except ImportError:
import builtins
import os
import sys
# readline/pyreadline
pyreadlinew32_startup = os.path.join(
sys.prefix, 'lib', 'site-packages',
'pyreadline', 'configuration', 'startup.py')
if os.path.exists(pyreadlinew32_startup):
execfile(pyreadlinew32_startup)
else:
# From Bruce Edge:
# https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2001-March/062888.html
try:
import rlcompleter # noqa: need for completion
import readline
initfile = os.environ.get('INPUTRC') \
or os.path.expanduser('~/.inputrc')
readline.read_init_file(initfile)
#if 'libedit' in readline.__doc__:
# readline.parse_and_bind("bind ^I rl_complete")
#else:
# readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
histfile = os.path.expanduser('~/.python_history')
try:
readline.read_history_file(histfile)
except IOError:
pass # No such file
def savehist():
histsize = os.environ.get('HISTSIZE')
if histsize:
try:
histsize = int(histsize)
except ValueError:
pass
else:
readline.set_history_length(histsize)
readline.write_history_file(histfile)
import atexit
atexit.register(savehist)
except (ImportError, AttributeError):
# no readline or atexit, or readline doesn't have
# {read,write}_history_file - ignore the error
pass
# terminal
term = os.environ.get('TERM', '')
if 'linux' in term:
background = 'dark'
else:
background = os.environ.get('BACKGROUND', 'light').lower()
# From Randall Hopper:
# https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2001-March/112696.html
_term_found = False
for _term in ['linux', 'rxvt', 'screen', 'term', 'vt100']:
if _term in term:
_term_found = True
break
if _term_found:
if background == 'dark':
ps1_color = '3' # yellow
stdout_color = '7' # bold white
else:
ps1_color = '4' # blue
stdout_color = '0' # bold black
sys.ps1 = '\001\033[3%sm\002>>>\001\033[0m\002 ' % ps1_color
sys.ps2 = '\001\033[1;32m\002...\001\033[0m\002 ' # bold green
# From Denis Otkidach
class ColoredFile:
def __init__(self, fp, begin,
end='\033[0m'): # reset all attributes
self.__fp = fp
self.__begin = begin
self.__end = end
def write(self, s):
self.__fp.write(self.__begin+s+self.__end)
def writelines(self, lines):
map(self.write, lines)
def __getattr__(self, attr):
return getattr(self.__fp, attr)
sys.stdout = ColoredFile(sys.stdout, '\033[1;3%sm' % stdout_color)
sys.stderr = ColoredFile(sys.stderr, '\033[31m') # red
def myinput(prompt=None):
save_stdout = sys.stdout
sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
try:
result = builtin_input(prompt)
except EOFError:
result = None
sys.stdout = save_stdout
return result
try:
builtins.raw_input
except AttributeError: # PY3
builtin_input = builtins.input
builtins.input = myinput
else:
builtin_input = builtins.raw_input
builtins.raw_input = myinput
try:
import locale
except ImportError:
pass # locale was not compiled
else:
try:
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')
except (ImportError, locale.Error):
pass # no locale support or unsupported locale
# set displayhook and excepthook
from pprint import pprint
from traceback import format_exception, print_exc
pager = os.environ.get("PAGER") or 'more'
# if your pager is 'less', options '-F' and '-R' must be passed to it,
# and option '-X' is very much recommended
if pager == 'less':
less = os.environ.get("LESS") or ''
for opt in 'X', 'R', 'F':
if opt not in less:
less = opt + less
os.environ["LESS"] = less
class BasePager:
def write(self, value):
self.stdout.write(value)
def pprint(self, value):
pprint(value,
stream=ColoredFile(self.stdout,
'\033[1;3%sm' % stdout_color))
def close(self):
self.stdout.close()
try:
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
except ImportError:
class Pager(BasePager):
def __init__(self):
self.stdout = os.popen(pager, 'w')
else:
class Pager(BasePager):
def __init__(self):
self.pipe = Popen(pager, shell=True, stdin=PIPE,
universal_newlines=True)
self.stdout = self.pipe.stdin
def close(self):
BasePager.close(self)
self.pipe.wait()
def displayhook(value):
if value is not None:
builtins._ = value
pager = Pager()
try:
pager.pprint(value)
except:
pager.stdout = ColoredFile(pager.stdout, '\033[31m') # red
print_exc(file=pager)
pager.close()
sys.displayhook = displayhook
def excepthook(etype, evalue, etraceback):
lines = format_exception(etype, evalue, etraceback)
pager = Pager()
pager.stdout = ColoredFile(pager.stdout, '\033[31m') # red
for line in lines:
pager.write(line)
pager.close()
sys.excepthook = excepthook
#try:
# import cgitb
#except ImportError:
# pass
#else:
# # cgitb.enable() overrides sys.excepthook
# cgitb.enable(format='text')
# From Thomas Heller:
# https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2001-April/099020.html
# import pdb
#
# def info(*args):
# pdb.pm()
# sys.excepthook = info
# utilities
# From: Paul Magwene:
# https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2001-March/086191.html
# With a lot of my fixes:
class DirLister:
def __getitem__(self, key):
s = os.listdir(os.curdir)
return s[key]
def __getslice__(self, i, j):
s = os.listdir(os.curdir)
return s[i:j]
def __repr__(self):
return str(os.listdir(os.curdir))
def __call__(self, path=None):
if path:
path = os.path.expanduser(os.path.expandvars(path))
else:
path = os.curdir
return os.listdir(path)
class DirChanger:
def __repr__(self):
self()
return os.getcwd()
def __call__(self, path=None):
path = os.path.expanduser(os.path.expandvars(path or '~'))
os.chdir(path)
builtins.ls = DirLister()
builtins.cd = DirChanger()
# print working directory
class Pwd:
def __repr__(self):
return os.getcwd()
def __call__(self):
return repr(self)
builtins.pwd = Pwd()
# exit REPL with 'exit', 'quit' or simple 'x'
class _Exit:
def __repr__(self):
sys.exit()
def __call__(self, msg=None):
sys.exit(msg)
builtins.x = _Exit()
# print conten of a file
class _Cat:
def __repr__(self):
return "Usage: cat('filename')"
def __call__(self, filename):
fp = open(filename, 'rU')
text = fp.read()
fp.close()
print(text)
builtins.cat = _Cat()
# call shell
class _Sh:
def __repr__(self):
os.system(os.environ["SHELL"])
return ''
def __call__(self, cmdline):
os.system(cmdline)
builtins.sh = _Sh()
# paginate a file
class _Pager:
def __repr__(self):
return "Usage: pager('filename')"
def __call__(self, filename):
os.system("%s '%s'" % (pager, filename.replace("'", '"\'"')))
builtins.pager = _Pager()
# edit a file
class _Editor:
def __repr__(self):
return "Usage: edit('filename')"
def __call__(self, filename):
editor = os.environ.get("VISUAL") \
or os.environ.get("EDITOR") or 'vi'
os.system("%s '%s'" % (editor, filename.replace("'", '"\'"')))
builtins.edit = builtins.editor = _Editor()
init()
del init
This is the page http://phdru.name/Software/dotfiles/python/init.py.html. It was generated on Thu, 29 Mar 2018 18:43:49 GMT from CheetahTemplate init.py.tmpl. Some rights are reserved. Read more about technical aspects of the site. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class TestAndroidUriRegex { public static final String URI_AUTHORITY = "my-provider-id"; public static final String CONTENT_URI = "content://"+URI_AUTHORITY; public static void main( String[] args ) { try { StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); sb.append( "\\A" ); // Start of input sb.append( "content://"+URI_AUTHORITY ); // content://provider sb.append( "/(type1|type2|type/with/subtype)" ); // First path segment should be a recognized type (in a capture group) sb.append( "(?:/(\\d*))?"); // Optional second path segment should be digits (in a capture group) sb.append( "/?"); // Optional end path separator sb.append( "(?:\\?(.*))?" ); // Optional argument list (in a capture group) prefixed with '?' sb.append( "\\Z" ); // End of input Pattern regex = Pattern.compile( sb.toString(), Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE ); String[] pos_tests = new String[] { CONTENT_URI+"/type1", CONTENT_URI+"/type2", CONTENT_URI+"/type/with/subtype", CONTENT_URI+"/type1/", CONTENT_URI+"/type1/123", CONTENT_URI+"/type2/456", CONTENT_URI+"/type/with/subtype/789", CONTENT_URI+"/type1/0000001", CONTENT_URI+"/type1/123/", CONTENT_URI+"/type1?arg=bob", CONTENT_URI+"/type1/?arg=bob", CONTENT_URI+"/type1/123?arg=bob", CONTENT_URI+"/type1/123/?arg=bob" }; String[] neg_tests = new String[] { CONTENT_URI, CONTENT_URI+"/", CONTENT_URI+"/type", CONTENT_URI+"/turkey1", CONTENT_URI+"/type1y", CONTENT_URI+"/type1y/123", CONTENT_URI+"/type1/-123", CONTENT_URI+"/type1/123a", CONTENT_URI+"/type1/123/field" }; System.out.println( "Tests expecting positive results:" ); for( String test : pos_tests ) { Matcher matcher = regex.matcher( test ); if( matcher.matches() ) { ArrayList groups = new ArrayList(3); int count = matcher.groupCount(); for( int i=1; i<=count; ++i ) groups.add( matcher.group(i) ); System.out.println( "SUCCESS: \""+test+"\": "+groups ); System.out.flush(); } else { System.err.println( "ERROR: \""+test+"\" failed to match!" ); System.err.flush(); } } System.out.println( "Tests expecting negative results:" ); for( String test : neg_tests ) { Matcher matcher = regex.matcher( test ); if( matcher.matches() ) { ArrayList groups = new ArrayList(3); int count = matcher.groupCount(); for( int i=1; i<=count; ++i ) groups.add( matcher.group(i) ); System.err.println( "ERROR: \""+test+"\" matched negative test: "+groups ); System.err.flush(); } else { System.out.println( "SUCCESS: \""+test+"\" failed to match!" ); System.out.flush(); } } } catch( Throwable error ) { System.err.println( "ERROR: "+error ); error.printStackTrace( System.err ); } } } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Twospoonfuls/sandbox/2
A Letter of Denunciation is a form of document common to many societies intended to inform the authorities of the religious, moral, ideological or political unorthodoxy of the subject of the letter. Such a letter might be signed or anonymous and typically has no legal force (unlike a criminal complaint or indictment). Rather it is an illocutionary act intended to prompt an investigation by the authorities into the subject of the letter. Secret denunciations were perhaps first institutionalized during the principate period of the Roman Empire and the practice can be traced through many early modern states, however they came to have particular significance during the French Revolution and in the totalitarian regimes of the twentieth century where it was widely encouraged. Though informing of some kind or other is common to every society the practice is a salient characteristic of surveillance states and police states where it is pervasive.
History
Although the practice of secret denunciation can be found as far back as the delatores of the Augustan period of the Roman Empire, the documentary history of the procedure traces back to the early modern period where denunciation became an instrument of statecraft. Notably the Republic of Venice had, by the late sixteenth century, established an intelligence service (Inquisitori sopra li segreti) under the Council of Ten which encouraged the reporting of perceived threats to state security. To facilitate this there were created a number of bocche di leone or lion’s mouths, which were post boxes sometimes sculpted in the form of lions where letters could be deposited. A law requiring anonymous letters to be witnessed was introduced in 1542 to stem the flood of accusations that were received, however evidence suggested this did not check the popularity of denunciations. Prominent victims included Bruno and Casanova.
A proclamation, issued in December 1793 by the Commission Temporaire in Lyon invited citizens to: “Denounce the crimes, denounce the criminals, a double reward awaits you: the voice of your conscience, for denunciation is a virtue; and a legitimate reward, for the National Convention is just and desires that each virtuous act should be a means by which the sans-culotte may improve his lot....” Here at the beginning of the Terror it was made explicit that informing was a citizen’s duty and of material benefit to them. This was the end-point of the extra-judicial system of informing that had grown up since the earliest days of the revolution. A comité de recherches to which concerns about public security could be addressed was first proposed in the National Assembly on July 28 1789. The Commune of Paris set up its own comité de recherches in October 1789 to receive denunciations and called upon citizens to reveal knowledge of plots against the public good. The commune made explicit the distinction between denunciation and depositions, the latter being evidence which could be presented to an inquiring magistrate as a basis for prosecution. Submissions to these committees, which proliferated over time and had been endowed with powers of arrest, were public. However, it was evident that the committees, along with the revolutionary tribunals, had become captured by the radical Jacobins and were a source of factional power outside the Convention. By March 1793 comités de surveillance were established by decree where signed denunciations could be submitted behind closed doors. The system of denunciation along with the Law of Suspects were the state instruments that were to make the Terror possible.
The growth of this system did not occur without criticism and opposition. Diderot's encyclopedia frames the terms of the revolutionary debate in terms of intentions where it distinguished between délation and dénunciation: "One is inclined to think that the delator is a corrupt man, the accuser an angry man and the denouncer an indignant man".
Russia, Nazi Germany, Occupied France, GDR.
Most recently the South Yorkshire Police in the UK have invited the public to report non-crime hate incidents. | WIKI |
The tag has no wiki summary.
learn more… | top users | synonyms
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Test-only values
I released a new elm-review package: jfmengels/elm-review-test-values
I have explained the why and how of the technique in the blog post below. I hope you’ll find it useful :blush:
5 Likes
Nicely written post, it’s very clear and thorough!
Regarding defining test cases directly in the module, I’m of the same opinion that it allows for testing low-level details (not the public interface).
As you say in the post, it still feels brittle and imperfect to expose those values, even with the added help of the elm-review rule (if it gets renamed, you lose that safety that it’s not being used outside of tests).
Another approach
I thought of an approach that I believe gives stronger guarantees, and doesn’t require you to define the test case in the module. You can define the test data in the module, like a test fixture or test factory approach.
The trick is to use a Fuzzer.
Why a Fuzzer, isn’t that just for random values? Well, I’m glad you asked! Fuzzers are great for the guarantee they provide. The only place you can get a value from a Fuzzer is by running it through elm-test.
So that gives us the guarantee that we aren’t accidentally exposing the Admin role outside of tests. And otherwise we get to define our test case as usual (it’s just some helpers for building test data that we need to create Fuzzers for).
Another benefit of this approach is that we can extend this approach to more general ways of building up test data, including part of the data being random (for example, generating random names for the Admins, or random IDs). We can define these additional parts of our test fixtures in the opaque module if it needs access to private data, and otherwise we can define it in our test folder.
An example of the Fuzzer test fixture approach
module RoleTests exposing (suite)
import Fuzz
import Http
import Json.Decode as Decode exposing (Decoder)
type Role
= User
| Admin
adminFuzzer : Fuzz.Fuzzer Role
adminFuzzer =
Fuzz.constant Admin
-- ... rest of the code from the blog post
Then in the test file, we get access to that private Role.
module TennisTest exposing (suite)
import Expect
import Role
import Test exposing (..)
suite : Test
suite =
describe "Role"
[ Test.fuzz Role.adminFuzzer "admin can delete database" <|
\adminRole ->
adminRole
|> Role.canDeleteDatabase
|> Expect.equal True
]
Again, note that we can only get the value from the Fuzzer by running it through a test case like that.
I’d be curious to hear what you think about this alternative!
4 Likes
Oh, that’s a very good usage too! Very interesting usage of fuzzers!
I guess this still adds elm-explorations/test as a dependency, but it would be removed in production, so no issue there. elm-test also doesn’t need to be configured in any way. So yeah, a pretty good solution!
The downside I can see, which is like really small, is that unless you have other fuzzers, you will likely want to do Test.fuzzWith { runs = 1 } in order not to run the same exact test 100 times :sweat_smile:
Or maybe that’s already handled by default by elm-test? If not, I wonder if combining fuzz tests with a constant fuzzer increases the likelyhood of running the same test several times :thinking:
Another solution I just thought of is to have something wrapped for tests, and only tests can use that function.
module TestOnly exposing (wrap, unwrap)
type TestOnly a = TestOnly a
wrap = TestOnly
unwrap (TestOnly a) = a
-- + functions to combine them?
module Role exposing (Role, testOnlyAdmin, testOnlyUser)
testOnlyAdmin = TestOnly.wrap Admin
testOnlyUser name role = TestOnly.wrap (\name role -> User name role)
suite : Test
suite =
describe "Role"
[ Test.test "admin can delete database" <|
\() ->
Role.testOnlyAdmin
|> TestOnly.unwrap
|> Role.canDeleteDatabase
|> Expect.equal True
]
Then we prevent the function TestOnly.unwrap to be used anywhere in the production-facing code.
It’s very similar to the idea of wrapping as a Fuzzer, but it will not have the side-effects of causing hundreds of tests for no additional value. elm-test itself could provide such a wrapper in order not to have this overhead, or if it notices that the only fuzzer is a Fuzz.constant, then it can only run the thing once (which it may already do, that’d be great!), and I think that would be perfect. And as you said, if you can generate more sensible values, then a fuzzer is a win-win anyway.
Wrapping a value inside a type with TestOnly or with Fuzzer is actually just a different, and probably better way of tagging a value, rather than by name :exploding_head: (sudden (re-?)realization for me). It makes it harder for tools like elm-review, but it will get to the point where it can detect things by type :wink:
Either techniques (this new one or the original one) can be used for other/similar situations, like limiting the usage of something to only specific parts of the codebase, like a “storybook” for instance.
Re-NoUnused.Exports: I mentioned the problem of having test-only values be reported by the rule. I now see that it can be a problem even without this setup. I can’t come up with a good way to not report test-only values, unless by tagging the functions and/or adding exceptions to fuzzers, which doesn’t seem like a great solution. So I’ll have to hold out on that one :thinking:. Good thing I’m aware of this now!
2 Likes
BTW you can get values out of fuzzers outside of tests:
getValue: Fuzzer a -> Maybe a
getValue fuzzer =
Test.Runner.fuzz fuzzer
|> Result.toMaybe
|> Maybe.map (\val ->
Generator.initialSeed 4 -- chosen by fair dice role
|> Generator.step val
|> Tuple.first
|> Tuple.first
)
Admittedly, this function is going to stick out a bit in code review…
1 Like
Ah yes, good point. I glanced in the docs to check for a low-level utility like that and missed that.
But yeah, as you say it will stick out, and generally I’m pretty comfortable with a few reasonable gaps like this. For example, if a module exposes a Decoder OpaqueType, it seems like enough of a guarantee, even though you could always call the exposed decoder with a manually built string to get that generated type. Either way I think using a Fuzzer provides stronger guarantees than checking for a naming convention with elm-review. In the strict sense of the word “guarantees” of course they’re both not actually guarantees at all. But we’re assuming developers with good intent, so it’s more a question of making the desired choice easy, and making it clear that the undesired code is not the right approach.
Interesting discussion!
I thought I’d share one other approach. If you were to use elm-spec then you could write a test that describes the behavior of this module without needing to expose the values of the opaque Role type.
I created a gist that shows what this could look like: https://gist.github.com/brian-watkins/bec6351780ee985134609411b233b852
The test scenario calls the requestRole function, sends the command to the Elm runtime, processes the command with a stubbed HTTP response (which ends up determining the Role value for the user), observes the Role value produced by processing the command, and expects that canDeleteDatabase returns True when it is called with that Role value.
The key is just that elm-spec allows you to simulate interactions with the world outside the Elm program (like HTTP requests). So, in this case, we can use that fact to help us generate a particular Role value during the test without needing to expose that type.
I like this approach because (1) the Role type remains opaque, even within the test, so the test uses functions from the module just as they would be used within the actual program, (2) the full behavior of the module can be exercised in the test (eg, sending and parsing the HTTP response), and (3) the test documents the connection between a particular server response and permission for a user to delete a database in the program.
Happy to discuss further!
1 Like
I’ve worked around this situation once or twice before - I used this strategy, based on your example:
module Role exposing (Role, adminToBool, userToBool)
type Role = Admin | User
adminToBool: (Role -> Bool) -> Bool
userToBool : (Role -> Bool) -> Bool
This topic was automatically closed 10 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Reconfiguring convex polygons
Written with Oswin Aichholzer, Erik D. Demaine, Ferran Hurtado, Mark Overmars, Michael A. Soss, and Godfried Toussaint.
Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications 20(1-2):85-95, 2001.
(Special issue of invited papers from the 12th Annual Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry)
Extended abstract in Proceedings of the 12th Annual Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry, 17-20, 2000.
Technical Report UU-CS-2000-30, Department of Computer Science, Utrecht University, 2000.
Abstract:
We prove that there is a motion from any convex polygon to any convex polygon with the same counterclockwise sequence of edge lengths, that preserves the lengths of the edges, and keeps the polygon convex at all times. Furthermore, the motion is "direct" (avoiding any intermediate canonical conguration like a subdivided triangle) in the sense that each angle changes monotonically throughout the motion. In contrast, we show that it is impossible to achieve such a result with each vertex-to-vertex distance changing monotonically. We also demonstrate that there is a motion between any two such polygons using three-dimensional moves known as pivots, although the complexity of the motion cannot be bounded as a function of the number of vertices in the polygon.
Publications - Jeff Erickson (jeffe@cs.uiuc.edu) 15 Oct 2002 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:She's all the world to me. A novel (IA shesallworldtome00cain 0).pdf/69
The young fellow in oil-skins had dropped his empty pewter at that moment, and it rolled behind Christian's chair. As he stooped to recover it the chairman wheeled round to give him room, and coming up again, their eyes met for an instant. Christian made a perceptible start. "Strange at least," he muttered to himself.
More liquor and yet more, till the mouth of the monastic lamp ran over with chinking coin.
"Silence!" shouted Bill Kisseck, struggling up to speak. "Aisy there! Here's to Christian Mylrea Balladhoo; and when he gets among them Kays I'm calkerlatin' it'll be all up with the lot o' them, and their laws agen honest tradin', and their by-laws agen the countin' of the herrin', and their new copper money, and all the rest of their messin'. What d'ye say, men? And what's that you're grinnin' and winkin' at, Davy Cain? It's middlin' free you're gettin' with the masther anyhow, and if it wasn't for me he wouldn't bemane himself by comin' among the lek of you, singin' and makin' aisy. Chaps, fill up your glasses, every man of you, d'ye hear? Here's to the best gentleman in the island, bar none—hip, hip, hooraa!"
Among the few who had not responded with becoming alacrity to Kisseck's request was the young stranger. Observing this as he shuffled back to his seat, Kisseck reached over and struck at the glengarie, which tumbled on the floor, and revealed a comely face and a rich mass of auburn hair. The stranger rose at this indignity and made his way to the door. When he got there Danny Fayle, who was leaning against the door-jamb, looked Rh | WIKI |
It's all about the answers!
Ask a question
What's the best way to deploy a BIRT report template over 100 project areas?
Guido Schneider (3.4k1486115) | asked Mar 24 '14, 4:00 p.m.
Unfortunatly BIRT templates are not inherited from a parent project area (at least it was not until 4.0.5 as much as I know).
Since 4.0.3 you can load report resources from other project areas, but this means still opening of each project area and deploy the resources. When you have 100+ PA's thats quite boring.
Is there a way to deploy a report template (or replace a built-in template to deploy a patch) from one central place to ALL project areas?
Comments
Lukas Steiger commented May 15 '14, 2:53 a.m.
The code below does the same as the 'provided by application' in Jazz. Using the Java API, is there also a way to select a project area to deploy from instead of 'provided by application'?
Accepted answer
permanent link
sam detweiler (12.5k6195201) | answered Mar 24 '14, 4:06 p.m.
edited Mar 24 '14, 4:09 p.m.
here is code I wrote just last week to deploy report resources.. same as the UI does. (well, I deploy all avalable,)
takes repo url, userid, password and project.
this does ONE project area.. to do a lot (all) use the routine
public static List<iprojectarea> getProjectArea(ITeamRepository repo,
IProgressMonitor monitor, String projectAreaName)
from this post
https://jazz.net/forum/questions/142728/auto-backup-of-process-configuration-xml-source
to get a list of ALL the projects on the repository (projectname='*')
then lop thru the projects and then loop thru their reports..
note that the user executing this MUST have permission to deploy report resources, or you will a false
'operation canceled' exception, instead of 'permission denied'
package com.sd.tools;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.List;
import com.ibm.team.process.client.IProcessClientService;
import com.ibm.team.process.common.IProcessArea;
import com.ibm.team.process.common.IProcessAreaHandle;
import com.ibm.team.process.common.IProjectArea;
import com.ibm.team.reports.client.IReportManager;
import com.ibm.team.reports.common.IReportDescriptor;
import com.ibm.team.repository.client.ITeamRepository;
import com.ibm.team.repository.client.TeamPlatform;
import com.ibm.team.repository.client.ITeamRepository.ILoginHandler;
import com.ibm.team.repository.client.ITeamRepository.ILoginHandler.ILoginInfo;
import com.ibm.team.repository.common.TeamRepositoryException;
public class AddReportResources
{
private static boolean debug = true;
private static final int master_connection_timeout = 24 * 60 * 60;
private static ITeamRepository productionServer = null;
private static IProcessClientService prodprocessClient = null;
private static class LoginHandler implements ILoginHandler, ILoginInfo
{
private String fUserId;
private String fPassword;
private LoginHandler(String userId, String password) {
fUserId = userId;
fPassword = password;
}
public String getUserId() {
return fUserId;
}
public String getPassword() {
return fPassword;
}
public ILoginInfo challenge(ITeamRepository repository) {
return this;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean result;
if (debug)
System.out.println("starting up\n");
TeamPlatform.startup();
if (debug)
System.out.println("platform started\n");
try
{
result = run(args);
}
catch (Exception x)
{
x.printStackTrace();
result = false;
}
finally
{
TeamPlatform.shutdown();
}
if (!result)
System.exit(1);
}
private static boolean run(String[] args) throws TeamRepositoryException {
boolean rc = false;
if (debug)
System.out.println("run started\n");
if (args.length < 4)
{
System.out
.println("Usage: AddReportResources <repositoryuri> <userid> <password> <projectarea>");
return false;
}
// get all the user passed arguments
String productionURI = args[0];
String produserId = args[1];
String prodpassword = args[2];
String prodprojectAreaName = args[3];
try
{
productionServer = TeamPlatform.getTeamRepositoryService().getTeamRepository(productionURI);
if (debug)
System.out.println("logging in\n");
productionServer.registerLoginHandler(new LoginHandler(produserId, prodpassword));
productionServer.setConnectionTimeout(master_connection_timeout);
productionServer.login(null);
if (debug)
System.out.println("logged in\n");
prodprocessClient = (IProcessClientService) productionServer
.getClientLibrary(IProcessClientService.class);
URI produri = URI.create(prodprojectAreaName.replaceAll(" ", "%20"));
IProjectArea iprja_prod = (IProjectArea) prodprocessClient.findProcessArea(produri, null, null);
if (iprja_prod != null)
{
iprja_prod=(IProjectArea) iprja_prod.getWorkingCopy();
IReportManager irptMgr = ((IReportManager) productionServer.getClientLibrary(IReportManager.class));
System.out.println("repository server name="+productionServer.getName());
List<IReportDescriptor> missingreports = irptMgr.fetchMissingSharedReportDescriptors(
(IProcessAreaHandle) iprja_prod.getItemHandle(), null);
System.out.println("there are "+missingreports.size()+" missing report definitions");
for (IReportDescriptor report : missingreports)
{
try
{
if(debug)
System.out.println("adding resport='"+report.getId()+"'");
report = (IReportDescriptor) report.getWorkingCopy();
irptMgr.saveReportDescriptor(report, null);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.out.println("cause=" +e.getClass().toString());
System.out.println("adding report resporce failed for report="+report.getName()+ " exception="+e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
return(false);
}
}
}
else
System.out.println("Project area not found = '"+prodprojectAreaName+"'");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
System.out.println("utility startup failed exception="+ex.getMessage());
}
return rc;
}
}
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Whiskey (cat)
The result was Delete all. Malcolmxl5 (talk) 21:09, 10 July 2020 (UTC)
Whiskey (cat)
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
The only claim to "fame" Whiskey has is being the world's oldest cat for a brief period of time. Does not pass WP:BIO (which is the closest Wikipedia has to notability guidelines for specific animals) and is only remotely notable for WP:1E which isn't even a particularly notable one (the cat who held the title before Whiskey doesn't have a page.) I am also nominating the following related pages because they are non-notable for the same reasons as Whiskey. Depending on the source, Tiffany Two didn't even hold the title of oldest cat, but rather second oldest. (Google information on her says that she was the oldest cat, but her page says second oldest and the dates on the List of oldest cats page reinforce this)
HAWTH OFF HEAD TALK 19:00, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
* Delete all None of these cats are notable on their own, and are already included on the list of List of oldest cats.Donaldd23 (talk) 19:20, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
* Redirect all to List of oldest cats, where mentioned. Not notable. Hog Farm Bacon 19:47, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
* Delete I think, it doesn't seem to be notable enough to have an independent article; and its better to be deleted; at most to be merged. Ali Ahwazi (talk) 15:35, 4 July 2020 (UTC)
* Delete all, per nom.--SilverTiger12 (talk) 14:40, 5 July 2020 (UTC)
* Delete all per nom Spiderone 17:42, 5 July 2020 (UTC)
* Delete all Wikipedia is not the Guiness Book of World Reccords.John Pack Lambert (talk) 20:08, 6 July 2020 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Animal-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 13:17, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Kane Brown discography
American singer Kane Brown has released three studio albums, three extended plays, twenty singles, and twenty three music videos. | WIKI |
Paul Clyne
Paul Clyne was the District Attorney of Albany County, New York from January 2001 through December 2004. A graduate of Albany Law School, he spent about 14 years as an assistant district attorney, before he was tapped by local politicians to replace the retiring District Attorney, Sol Greenberg. He was defeated for re-election by David Soares, first in the Democratic Party primary election in September 2004, and then in the general election in November 2004, in which he ran on an independent line. After a stint teaching at the New York Prosecutors Institute, he went into private practice as a criminal defense attorney in 2007, with an office in Albany, New York.
Clyne is married and has two children, Maddie and John. His brother, Matthew J. Clyne, is an election commissioner for Albany County.
In April 2008, Clyne said he was opposing his successor, David Soares, for re-election, and the Albany County Democratic candidate selection committee refused to endorse either candidate. He ended up not running after all; in November 2008, Soares won re-election, by a 73 to 27% margin against another candidate.
In April 2010, Clyne joined Council 82, a labor union for law enforcement officers, as a full-time staff attorney. | WIKI |
User:Disneyathlete
Very passionate about Disney and sports; more of a fan of the classics and recent Pixar movies | WIKI |
Bernice Lake
Dame Bernice Lake (1932/1933 – September 10, 2011) was an Anguillan-born jurist and legal scholar whose career spanned more than forty years. In 1985, she became the first woman from the Eastern Caribbean to be appointed Queen's Counsel. Lake was also the first graduate of the University of the West Indies to receive the honor.
Lake was born in Anguilla and attended school on St. Kitts, but resided in Antigua for most of her life. She obtained a degree in history and graduated with honors from the University College of the West Indies at Mona in Jamaica, which later became the University of the West Indies.
Lake worked as a diplomat for the short-lived West Indies Federation's foreign service until the federation collapsed in 1962. Lake soon launched a second career by entering law school at UCL Faculty of Laws at University College London. She campaigned against apartheid in South Africa and other causes as a law student. Lake earned her Honours Degree in Law in 1967.
Lake was admitted to the bar in St. Kitts in 1967 soon after obtaining her law degree. Lake became a prominent jurist, specializing in human rights and constitutional law. Her chambers, Lake & Kentish, which she opened with attorney Joyce Kentish her niece and was later joined by Kendrickson H. Kentish and George Lake, were located on Antigua. Lake was the chief architect of the 1975 Constitution of Anguilla. In 1981, she served as a member of the committee charged with framing the Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda. Another member of the Antiguan constitutional committee, Sydney Christian QC, said of Lake's role in drafting the document, "She was very much in the forefront of the fight for constitutional law and she was always very aggressive in her defence of the Constitution here in Antigua."
Lake was a supporter of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ), which was established in 2001.
In 2004, the government of Antigua and Barbuda bestowed knighthood and the title Dame on Lake for her contributions to the Antiguan and the Caribbean legal systems, as well as her outlook on women's rights, political rights and civil rights. The University of the West Indies awarded Lake an honorary doctorate in law at its Cave Hill campus graduation in Barbados in 2007. In July 2011, the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, Anguilla Bar Association, and the other bar associations of the OECS honored her for her contributions at a joint event.
Dame Bernice Lake died at Mount St John Medical Centre in Antigua September 10, 2011, at the age of 78 after a brief illness. Her funeral was held at St Peters Parish Church in St. John's with burial in the churchyard. Dignitaries in attendance included Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda Baldwin Spencer, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda Dame Louise Lake-Tack, opposition leaders and members of the Caribbean legal community. The delegation from Anguilla included Minister of Home Affairs Walcott Richardson. | WIKI |
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