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2 Dividend Aristocrats to Buy for Passive Income That Could Outperform the Market
We've all heard that you shouldn't judge a book by its cover, but income-seeking investors sometimes forget this lesson when it comes to picking stocks. Dividend Aristocrats are stocks in the S&P 500 index with at least 25 consecutive years of payment increases under their belts, and most of them get more attention than they deserve.
Reliable dividend-paying stocks are a great way to generate a passive income. If you're determined to stick with the elite group of Dividend Aristocrats, though, at least stick with ones that have a good chance of outperforming the overall market.
Image source: Getty Images.
This pair of related healthcare companies have been paying and raising their quarterly dividends for five long decades. Best of all, their best days could lie ahead.
1. Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Laboratories (NYSE: ABT) is a diversified healthcare conglomerate with a hand in diagnostics, medical devices, and nutrition. A diverse collection of businesses helped it increase its dividend payout for the 50th consecutive year last December.
Abbott got a lot of unflattering attention when the closure of one of its baby food manufacturing plants led to a national shortage of specialty formulas. Investors seeking steadily rising payouts will be glad to know the specialty nutrition market isn't the only reliable industry where the company has an advantage.
At recent prices, Abbott shares offer a 1.7% yield. That isn't too enticing now, but its payout could grow by leaps and bounds over the next several years. In May, the FDA cleared Abbott's next-generation constant glucose monitoring (CGM) device.
The tiny Freestyle Libre 3 is smaller than CGMs from its nearest competitor, the G7 from Dexcom. Abbott's device also has a head start. The FDA still hasn't cleared the G7 and it isn't expected to begin a U.S. launch until 2023.
With more than one reliable revenue stream Abbott has been able to raise its payout by 77% over the past five years, and it could start growing even faster. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control think there are more than 37 million Americans with diabetes right now, and Abbott has what could be the leading CGM for the foreseeable future.
2. AbbVie
AbbVie (NYSE: ABBV) was spun off from Abbott Laboratories in 2013 to shield Abbott's shareholders from the impending end of market exclusivity for the world's top-selling anti-inflammatory drug, Humira. Sales of Humira plus a growing roster of younger drugs have helped the company raise its payout a stunning 120% over the past five years.
Now, AbbVie shares offer an above-average dividend yield of 4% because investors are worried the company's bottom line can't keep growing. In the U.S. this spring, Humira began competing with lower-cost biosimilar versions, and sales will most likely drop significantly in the second half of the year.
U.S. sales of Humira that reached $4.7 billion in the second quarter were responsible for 32% of total revenue. Luckily, AbbVie has new drugs that could more than offset the losses. In 2019, the FDA approved Skyrizi, a psoriasis injection, and Rinvoq, an arthritis drug. This pair is on pace to record $7.3 billion in combined sales this year, and AbbVie thinks they can pass $15 billion in 2025.
U.S. Humira sales that drop faster than AbbVie's younger product lineup could make growth hard to achieve over the next year or two. Investors who appreciate steady dividend raises will be glad to know the company can meet and raise its payout even if Humira sales start plummeting.
Over the past year, AbbVie used just 43.5% of the free cash flow its operations generated to meet its dividend obligation. With a well-funded dividend program and new growth drivers to fill in for Humira's impending losses, this stock has a good chance of outperforming over the long run.
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Cory Renauer has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool recommends DexCom. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
FAST ALGORITHMS FOR RETIMING LARGE VLSI CIRCUITS
Abstract
Retiming is the process of relocating flip-flops within a circuit to achieve improved clock periods by balancing the latch-to-latch delays, while maintaining the input-output latency of the circuit. Traditional approaches to retiming have been limited to small circuits due to large computational complexities. The work described in this talk presents research towards developing efficient methods for retiming large circuits within reasonable CPU times. Although the talk will focus on edge-triggered circuits, the techniques have a natural extension to level-clocked circuits.
The retiming problem may be stated as either minimum-period retiming, where the clock period is to be minimized without regard to the number of latches in the final circuit, or as minimum-area retiming, where the number of flip-flops are to be minimized at a given clock period. We present solutions to each problem, with the solution to the former being used to set up the latter.
The approach is based on the equivalence between retiming and the problem of clock skew optimization. In clock skew optimization, skews are deliberately introduced into the clocking network. The optimal skews are first computed using an efficient graph-theoretic formulation. Next, this solution is translated into a retimed circuit. In case of minimum period retiming, a feasible solution is required, whereas for minimum area retiming, this procedure is used to derive bounds on the variables in the retiming problem. Our retiming algorithms can handle circuits with 50,000 gates in minutes.
Copies of Slides
The slides in postscript format
Relevant Papers
Minimum period retiming (edge-triggered)
Minimum area retiming (edge-triggered)
Minimum period retiming (level-clocked)
Minimum area retiming (level-clocked)
Contact
©2002-2018 U.C. Regents | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Competitive DNA binding of Ru(bpy)2dppz2+ enantiomers studied with isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) using a direct and general binding isotherm algorithm
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2018
While isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is widely used and sometimes referred to as the “gold standard” for quantitative measurements of biomolecular interactions, its usage has so far been limited to the analysis of the binding to isolated, non-cooperative binding sites. Studies on more complicated systems, where the binding sites interacts, causing either cooperativity or anti-cooperativity between neighboring bound ligands, are rare, probably due to the complexity of the methods currently available. Here we have developed a simple algorithm not limited by the complexity of a binding system, meaning that it can be implemented by anyone, from analyzing systems of simple, isolated binding sites to complicated interactive multiple-site systems. We demonstrate here that even complicated competitive binding calorimetric isotherms can be properly analyzed, provided that ligand-ligand interactions are taken into account. As a practical example, the competitive binding interactions between the two enantiomers of Ru(bpy)2dppz²⁺ (Ru-bpy) and poly(dAdT)2 (AT-DNA) is analyzed using our new algorithm, which provided an excellent global fit for the ITC experimental data.
Författare
Anna Mårtensson
Chalmers, Kemi och kemiteknik, Kemi och biokemi, Fysikalisk kemi
Per Lincoln
Chalmers, Kemi och kemiteknik, Kemi och biokemi
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
1463-9076 (ISSN) 1463-9084 (eISSN)
Vol. 20 12 7920-7930
Styrkeområden
Nanovetenskap och nanoteknik (2010-2017)
Ämneskategorier
Fysikalisk kemi
Biofysik
Fundament
Grundläggande vetenskaper
DOI
10.1039/c7cp03184j
Mer information
Senast uppdaterat
2018-05-09 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Roman Catholic Diocese of Amparo
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Amparo (Dioecesis Amparensis) is a diocese located in the city of Amparo in the ecclesiastical province of Campinas in Brazil.
History
* December 23, 1997: Established as Diocese of Amparo from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Campinas and Diocese of Limeira
Leadership
* Bishops of Amparo (Latin Rite)
* Francisco José Zugliani (23 Dec 1997 – 14 Jul 2010)
* Pedro Carlos Cipolini (14 Jul 2010 – 6 Jan 2016); formerly of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Campinas, Brazil; up until now pastor of the Cathedral Basilica "Nossa Senhora de Carmo" and Professor of Theology at the Pontifical Catholic University; born in Caconde, Brazil in 1952 and ordained a priest in 1978
* Luiz Gonzaga Fechio (6 Jan 2016–Present) | WIKI |
Embattled Housing Authority Chief in New York City Is Resigning
The embattled head of New York City’s Housing Authority, the nation’s largest system of public housing stock, is resigning amid increasing public scrutiny of her tenure and twin crises over lead paint and a lack of heat in city-run apartments. After months of declaring she would stay in the post, Mayor Bill de Blasio announced the departure of the public housing chairwoman, Shola Olatoye, in a late-evening statement that tried to stress the positives of her tenure. “The Housing Authority that the chair inherited four years ago faced bankruptcy, an inability to make basic repairs and an alarming surge in violence,” the mayor said. “We’re grateful for her service.” Ms. Olatoye’s departure, scheduled for the end of April, follows those of other top officials from the housing authority and leaves it facing an uncertain future at a time when the city’s public housing is increasingly under a microscope both in Albany and in Washington. The city is currently negotiating with federal prosecutors who in 2016 began an expansive inquiry into conditions in the city’s housing developments; the mayor has said that could result in a federal monitor for the authority, which already has a court-appointed special master to address mold. “I think the resignation of Shola was an inevitability rather than a choice,” said Councilman Ritchie Torres, who held a contentious oversight hearing with Ms. Olatoye earlier this year. “I think that we’re entering a period of uncertainty.” Since the council hearing, Ms. Olatoye has been largely kept out of the public eye. She did not appear at a public housing announcement last week at which Mr. de Blasio promoted the city’s investment in repairing public housing roofs. The mayor used the occasion to push back on criticism of conditions in public housing by Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo, who has in recent weeks made a series of appearances with tenants, touring apartments and underscoring the need for changes at the agency. The authority manages more than 175,000 apartments in over 2,400 buildings across the five boroughs. Mr. Cuomo recently signed an emergency order requiring city officials to name an independent monitor to oversee a new infusion of state money in the city agency to make repairs. But pressure had been mounting on Ms. Olatoye, whom many considered to be a capable leader of the underfunded city authority, since it emerged last year that she had signed off on federal paperwork indicating that mandated lead paint inspections had been done when they had not. The agency receives the bulk of its funding from the federal government and has a backlog of needed repairs that could cost more than $20 billion to address. The agency learned of the failure to conduct inspections, lapses that began during the Bloomberg administration, but Ms. Olatoye and top officials did not alert the public — or tenants — until much later, after they had done remediation in apartments. The false filings became public in a report from the city’s Investigation Department — long after Ms. Olatoye first knew of the problem. Last month, the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development told the agency that it would no longer be able to draw federal funds without approval, a move that stemmed from the issue over the filings. “While her intentions were never in question, we are long overdue for a fresh start at Nycha,” said the city’s public advocate, Letitia James, who had called for Ms. Olatoye’s resignation after revelations of false filings over lead paint inspections. Her departure recalled other instances in which Mr. de Blasio had defended an embattled senior official before ultimately pushing the person out or seeing them abruptly leave his administration. His jails commissioner quit last year after it was revealed he had misused his city car for trips to his home in Maine. His commissioner for homeless services, Gilbert Taylor, left in 2015 as the city scrambled to cope with rising numbers of homeless people flooding into shelters. And now Ms. Olatoye. In his statement, the mayor said that Stanley Brezenoff would act as an interim chairman of the housing authority during the search for a permanent leader. Mr. Brezenoff recently served a similar interim role at NYC Health & Hospitals, the city’s financially ailing public hospital system. Ms. Olatoye’s last day is April 30. “I’m incredibly proud of the leadership team we’ve assembled and the strides we’ve made over the last 4 years to speed up repair times, reduce crime, launch a major development program and bring Nycha into the 21st century,” Ms. Olatoye said in a statement. City Hall officials would not say when she informed the mayor of her intention to resign. She is expected to appear with Mr. de Blasio at a news conference in Queens on Tuesday. Danny Barber, the president of the Citywide Council of Presidents, a group of tenant leaders chosen by Nycha residents, said Ms. Olatoye’s resignation was a step in the right direction. “We’ve been fighting for a long time,” said Mr. Barber, whose group sued the agency in February. “This is a testament to what the tenants can pull together by taking things into their own hands.” “There could have been a lot more done, a lot more transparency and accountability,” Mr. Barber said of Ms. Olatoye’s tenure. Mr. Barber said Nycha residents should have a say in the process to replace Ms. Olatoye. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Omega-3, a way to care for our bones
omega-3 huesos
Bones are responsible for the structure and form of human body, and serve to protect vital organs: the skull protects the brain, the spinal column protects the spinal cord, the ribs form a cage that protects the heart, lungs, liver, and spleen, and the pelvis helps protect the bladder, intestines, and in women, the reproductive organs. Besides, bones have other important functions: movement (along with the muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints), and blood cells production (red and white blood cells blood cells are produced in the bone marrow of some bones). Therefore, bone health is very important.
Bone density (or bone mineral density) is a term which refers to the amount of mineral matter per square centimetre of bones; it is used in medicine as an indicator of osteoporosis (decreased bone mass) and fracture risk. Osteopenia is decreased bone density but not to the extent of osteoporosis.
Among women, up to 90% of maximum strength and density of bones is acquired by age 18, but bone mass can keep growing until around age 30. Between age 30 and menopause, women experience minimal change in bone mass, but in the first years after menopause, bone loss is rapid. Throughout the postmenopausal years, bone loss slows but continues, and this can lead to osteoporosis. Although not everyone who has low bone density will develop osteoporosis, they are at higher risk.
We cannot avoid aging but we can practice physical activity (walking, jogging, climbing stairs, playing tennis, dancing, weight training, and so on), to follow a healthy diet, not to smoke, and drink alcohol in moderation.
Consuming adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D is key to maintaining strong bones, and intake of long chain omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) seems to be positively associated with bone density in women with and without osteopenia.
Bibliography:
Lavado-García J, Roncero-Martin R, Moran JM, et al. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary intake is positively associated with bone mineral density in normal and osteopenic Spanish women. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0190539. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190539
Bone Mass Measurement: What the Numbers Mean [Internet]. Bethesda: NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases ~ National Resource Center; 2018 [cited 2018 january 15]. Available from: https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone/bone-health/bone-mass-measurement-what-numbers-mean
Osteoporosis: Peak Bone Mass in Women [Internet]. Bethesda: NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases ~ National Resource Center; 2018 [cited 2018 january 15]. Available from: https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone/osteoporosis/bone-mass
PubMed Health. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) [Internet]. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2018 [cited 2018 january 15]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024682/
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Can Solid Product Portfolio Aid Baidu's (BIDU) Q4 Earnings?
Baidu, Inc.BIDU is expected to report fourth-quarter 2018 results on Feb 12.
The company topped the Zacks Consensus Estimate in the trailing four quarters, with average positive earnings surprise of 22.67%.
In the las t report ed quarter, Baidu delivered a positive earnings surprise of 7.78%. Earnings of $2.77 per share declined 12.9% sequentially. However, revenues increased 27% year over year to RMB 28.2 billion ($4.11 billion).
Product Portfolio & Partnerships to Drive Results
Baidu's continuous efforts to strengthen its mobile search engine and AI technologies are likely to drive top-line growth. Moreover, strong focus on leveraging the AI platform is aiding it to provide an improved user experience.
The company is leaving no stone unturned to bolster its presence in the autonomous driving space. Recently, Baidu announced new product launches and solutions at CES 2019 in a bid to boost its footprint in this space. The company unveiled Apollo 3.5, the latest version of Apollo open source driverless car platform. It also introduced Apollo Enterprise, which is a suite of customizable autonomous driving solutions for vehicle fleets.
These developments are likely to aid the company in rapidly penetrating into the self-driving market, where in safety and the prevention of accidents are most important.
Per Grand View Research data, the AI market is expected to hit $35.9 billion by 2025 at a CAGR of 57.2%, with 2017 as the base year. The projected figure takes into account direct revenue sources. Given the huge growth prospect of the industry, Baidu is putting its best foot forward to seize a major share of the projected revenue growth.
Hence, we believe that Baidu's strong focus on product innovation and expansion is likely to favor fourth-quarter results.
For the fourth quarter of 2018, Baidu expects revenues between RMB 25.48 billion ($3.71 billion) and RMB 26.72 billion ($3.89 billion), representing a year-over-year increase of 15-20%, excluding revenues from announced divestures. The corresponding Zacks Consensus Estimate for the quarter to be reported is pegged at $3.88 billion.
What Our Model Says
Currently, Baidu has a Zacks Rank #4 (Sell) and an Earnings ESP of 0.00%, a combination that makes surprise prediction difficult. This is because per our proven model, a stock needs to have both a positive Earnings ESP and a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy), 2 (Buy) or 3 (Hold) to beat estimates. You can uncover the best stocks to buy or sell before they're reported with our Earnings ESP Filter .
We don't recommend Sell-rated stocks (Zacks Rank #4 or 5) going into the earnings announcement.
Baidu, Inc. Price and EPS Surprise
Baidu, Inc. Price and EPS Surprise | Baidu, Inc. Quote
Stocks to Consider
Here are some stocks that you may want to consider, as our model shows that these have the right combination of elements to deliver a positive earnings surprise in the upcoming releases.
Vipshop Holdings Limited VIPS has an Earnings ESP of +5.26% and a Zacks Rank #2. You can see the complete list of today's Zacks #1 Rank stocks here .
Square, Inc. SQ has an Earnings ESP of +6.06% and a Zacks Rank #2.
Gogo Inc. GOGO has an Earnings ESP of +9.46% and a Zacks Rank #2.
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Zacks Investment Research
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Nunnery Wood High School
Nunnery Wood High School is a coeducational secondary school which is located in Worcester, Worcestershire, England. The school campus is located on the edge of Worcester, surrounded by some 15 acre of gardens and playing fields, which it shares with the adjacent Worcester Sixth Form College.
The school has facilities for Science, English, Music, Art & Design, Languages and ICT. The school's sports centre has an outdoor pitch and an athletics track around a grass football pitch.
History
Following the restructuring of schools in Worcestershire in 1983, the Nunnery Wood Secondary School was renamed Nunnery Wood High School. The school gained Science College status in 2004.
Previously a community school administered by Worcestershire County Council, in August 2011 Nunnery Wood High School converted to academy status.
School performance
73% of students achieved five or more A* to C GCSE qualifications in the summer of 2008. Students in Year 11 had the highest pass rate of all time for the school in the English Language GCSE in 2014, with over 82% of the school year achieving qualifications of A* to C in their GCSEs.
Following an inspection by Ofsted in October 2008, the school was accorded an overall assessment of Grade 1 (Outstanding). The school's most recent inspection as of 2022 was in December 2015, with a judgement of "Good" by the inspectors. The school's science department was awarded the Platinum Science Mark Award in October 2020.
Awards
* 3 Eco School Green Flags
* Investors In People
* Sportsmark And Leading Aspect
Notable former pupils
* Mark Little, professional footballer for Peterborough United and Bristol City.
* Phil Porter, British playwright, librettist and television writer. | WIKI |
Rand Stats
P5chdir
zef:lizmat
Actions Status
NAME
Raku port of Perl's chdir() built-in
SYNOPSIS
use P5chdir;
say "switched" if chdir; # switched to HOME or LOGDIR
say "switched" if chdir("lib");
DESCRIPTION
This module tries to mimic the behaviour of Perl's chdir built-in as closely as possible in the Raku Programming Language.
ORIGINAL PERL 5 DOCUMENTATION
chdir EXPR
chdir FILEHANDLE
chdir DIRHANDLE
chdir Changes the working directory to EXPR, if possible. If EXPR is
omitted, changes to the directory specified by $ENV{HOME}, if set;
if not, changes to the directory specified by $ENV{LOGDIR}. (Under
VMS, the variable $ENV{SYS$LOGIN} is also checked, and used if it
is set.) If neither is set, "chdir" does nothing. It returns true
on success, false otherwise. See the example under "die".
On systems that support fchdir(2), you may pass a filehandle or
directory handle as the argument. On systems that don't support
fchdir(2), passing handles raises an exception.
PORTING CAVEATS
In raku, chdir only changes the $*CWD dynamic variable. It does not actually change the default directory from the OS's point of view. This is done this way, because there is no concept of a "default directory per OS thread". And since Raku does not fork, but only does threading, it was felt that the "current directory" concept should be in the $*CWD dynamic variable, which can be lexically scoped, and thus can be thread-safe.
AUTHOR
Elizabeth Mattijsen liz@raku.rocks
Source can be located at: https://github.com/lizmat/P5chdir . Comments and Pull Requests are welcome.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Elizabeth Mattijsen
Re-imagined from Perl as part of the CPAN Butterfly Plan.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the Artistic License 2.0. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The growing awareness of the health risks associated with obesity has led to an increase in bariatric surgeries.
Bariatric surgery may be an option for those who are obese (a body mass index of 30 or higher), have obesity-related problems, and are unable to lose weight through traditional means such as diet change and increase in physical activity.
The goal of bariatric surgery is to help patients lose weight by making the stomach smaller and sometimes, making changes in the small intestine.
Gastric Sleeve Surgery: An Option for Weight Loss
Gastric sleeve surgery (also known as sleeve gastrectomy) is one of the most popular bariatric surgeries. Considered as a ‘restrictive’ operation, it aids in weight loss by making the stomach smaller.
The surgery is usually performed by making several small incisions and using small, special instruments and a camera to guide the surgery (laparoscopic approach). In some cases, it may be done with an open approach through a large incision in the abdomen.
During gastric sleeve surgery, more than half of the stomach is removed, leaving a tubular pouch that is about the size and shape of a banana. The stomach is 75 percent smaller after the surgery, which limits the amount of food that can be eaten.
Gastric Sleeve vs Gastric Bypass Surgery
Gastric sleeve and gastric bypass are metabolic procedures. This simply means that hunger and satiety hormones are altered after the procedure. Hence, undergoing either of these surgeries causes the patient to feel full even after a small meal.
Both surgeries work well in achieving long-term weight loss, especially for those with obesity-related problems such as diabetes, sleep apnea, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol.
When it comes to risks and complications, the gastric sleeve has a lower risk of “dumping syndrome” compared to gastric bypass surgery. Also known as “rapid gastric emptying”, dumping syndrome happens when food moves from the stomach to the small bowel very quickly. It usually occurs in surgeries that involve removal of all or part of the stomach and in surgeries that bypass the stomach.
Advantages of Gastric Sleeve Surgery
Aside from the lower risk of dumping syndrome, gastric sleeve is often preferred as postoperative deficiencies are more minimal. Patients who undergo gastric sleeve also have less chance of developing ulcers compared to those who undergo gastric bypass.
Foothills Weight Loss Specialists in Knoxville perform surgery for the treatment of obesity that helps to improve overall quality of life. Our board-certified bariatric surgeons and highly trained staff offer comprehensive care to help you succeed in your weight loss surgery process. Attend a free class with one of our surgeons to learn if weight loss surgery is right for you. Click here to register today! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:SkrymSay/Singing Melody
This is a draft page for the Singing Melody article that I am working on.
"Everton Hardweare", (born November 23, 1967), better known by his stage name "Singing Melody," is a Reggae artist from Kingston, Jamaica. He is known for his skill as a vocalist, his production work and for combining aspects of Reggae and R&B in his own releases.
Biography
Everton Hardweare grew up in Kingston, Jamaica. In the 1980s, he met well-known reggae/dub producer King Tubby. Tubby produced his first single, "Tie Me," which was released on Firehouse in 1987. He then caught the attention of production duo Steely & Clevie, who produced his first hit, a reggae cover of the R&B single "Shower Me With Your Love" by Surface.
In 1990, Melody recorded the Japanese language single "Sayonara Tokyo" for Sony Music Japan, and was subsequently booked to perform at a concert in Japan. Based on the success of the single and concert, Melody signed with Parish Records and released his first LP, titled Original, in 1992, which was distributed by the Queens-based record label VP Records.
Singing Melody found widespread success with his sophomore LP Sweeter, which was released by VP Records in 1999. The single "Want You Back" reached #1 on the Jamaica Star's reggae/dancehall chart, and the music video for the song reached the #2 position on the MTV2 playlist. The song also won "Song of the Year" at the 1999 Reggae/Soca Music Awards. Melody also won the "Best Male Vocalist International" award at the 12th annual Tamika Reggae Awards.
In 2002, Singing Melody released his third LP, Expressions, on VP Records. In the 2000s he began producing tracks for artists including Morgan Heritage, Richie Stephens, and Turbulence. He started his own label, S.H.E.M. Music Productions, and helped promote the annual Kingston reggae concert "Symphony Under the Stars."
Singing Melody will release his fourth LP, They Call Me Mr. Melody, on January 17, 2012. It will be released on S.H.E.M. Music/Fat Eyes and distributed by VP Records. The first single from the album is "Collide," a cover of the Howie Day song of the same name. The single reached the #1 position on the Top 20 music chart for Aruba. The album will include productions from Donovan Germain, Tony "CD" Kelly, Lynford "Fatta" Marshall and others.
L.U.S.T.
In the 2000s, Singing Melody formed the reggae group L.U.S.T with Lukie D, Thriller U, and Tony Curtis. They've released two albums, Sweetness of your Love in 2007 and Inspiration in 2010. | WIKI |
A microkernel is a kernel that provides a very limited number of services. A microkernel relies on user space daemons to provide services like filesystems.
Linux uses a monolithic kernel however other operating systems like HURD use a microkernel.
An example of a microkernel is Mach.
The concept of a microkernel dates to the early 1980's, it was observed that the Unix kernels had grown in size and complexity to the point where the ease of porting to new architectures was becoming more difficult.
Perhaps a couple dozen or more base microkernels are listed at http://www.cs.arizona.edu/people/bridges/os/microkernel.html. The best known of these include BeOS, Chorus, Mach, and NextSTEP, QNX and Hurd (Mach based). Windows NT reportedly uses a microkernel.
In practice microkernels have been used to deliver a variety of specialized benefits, including real time operation, and to deliver different operating systems on a common hardware platform. The best known example of this is IBM's use of a Mach-derived microkernel to deliver both AIX and as the migration platform for os/400 when they discontinued the proprietary as/400 architecture with power/powerpc.
Briefly:
BSD begat QNX and (arguably) Mach
Mach (bsd-flavored) begat: NextStep, AIX, osf/1, Hurd, MachTen and Mac OS X
NextStep begat OpenSTEP which begat Rhapsody which begat Mac OS X (server)
os/2 (v2.x) and VMS begat NT which begat Windows 2000
os/2 (v2.x) and Mach begat os/2 warp
osf/1 begat (DEC) osf/1 which begat Digital Unix which begat Tru64
AIX (as a microkernel) and os/400 begat os/400
This is a highly simplified view, and is kernel centric, and both differs from Unix Family Tree and misses the inheritance of features. Most authors statement of the taxonomy of unix is variant, release or feature centered. That is part of the point of a microkernel, OS flavor in a microkernel design is not coupled to the kernel design.
References:
http://www.cs.arizona.edu/people/bridges/os/microkernel.html http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/mach/public/www/FAQ.html http://www.levenez.com/unix/
Note: Corrections, enhancements welcome. Operating Systems are very complex in how they inherit code and features. (for instance I have no idea whether plan 9 is implemented using a microkenel.)
Log in or register to write something here or to contact authors. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Federal Reporter, 1st Series, Volume 3.djvu/502
UNITED STATES V. COQQIS. 495 �in this case was within the time limited by the "stàtute — ihat is, within the two years before the indictment was found — and constituted a presentment of a false claim to or against the United States for the payment of money, within the mean- ing of the statute. In this case it was not the entry upon the pension roU, nor the certificate issued, that was false or fraudaient. That was ail genuine and authentic. The cer- tificate issued was a genuine, true certificate, declaring that the defendant was entitled to a pension, but the slaim was fraudulent. That certificate had been obtained, according to the indictment, by fraud, and when it was presented, as the indictment alleges it was, to the pension agent at Milwaukee, it constituted a false and fraudulent claim against the United States, and upon that false and fraudulent claim ne obtained money, although the certificate was genuine. And that this was the meaning of the statute there can be no doubt, be- cause, immediately following the clause of the statute already referred to, is the case of a person who presents a fraudulent or false certificate, or who, for the purpose of obtaining, or aiding to obtain, the payment or approval of such claim, makes, uses, or causes to be made or used, any false bill, receipt, voucher, roll, account, claim, certificate, affidavit, or deposition, knowing the same to contain any fraudulent or fictitious statement or entry. So that the two classes of offence are distinct and separate : one speaking of a false claim in itself, knowing the claim to be false ; and another, a false certificate, knowing it to be false. So I hold that, although the fraud in obtaining the entry of the name of the defendant upon the pension roll, and the issuance of the cer- tificate, were within the statute of limitations, and so, if the offence were confined to that, it could be successfully made, yet, every time the defendant made a claim upon that genuine certificate, bis name being entered upon the pension roll, he committed one of the offences described in the statute, namely: he presented a claim to the government for pay- ment which was false and fraudulent, and which he knew, according to the language of the indictment, to be false and fraudulent. Therefore, it was a presentation of a false and ���� | WIKI |
Is Grapherex Secure?
Grapherex
3 min readJan 20, 2022
Grapherex is a multifunctional application that allows users to communicate and transfer cryptos to anyone from the user’s smartphone contact list or to any e-wallet address. Also, Grapherex plans to implement a feature that will make it possible to exchange cryptocurrencies within the app.
Sounds good. But is the app safe? In this article, we will discover how the application is built.
What a Signal Protocol Is and How It Provides Security
Grapherex is built on Signal protocol. A Signal Protocol is a cryptographic protocol that offers end-to-end encryption. It’s used by a wide range of communication applications that provide instant messages, as well as video and voice calls. Skype, WhatsApp, and Facebook Messenger are among them.
How It Provides Security
The Elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol, Double Ratchet key management algorithm, and Sesame message encryption algorithm are the basis of the message encryption Signal protocol. Let’s figure out what each of them means.
Elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman enables two parties to create data available only to them over an unsecured channel. The participants of the communication get an elliptic-curve public-private key pair, which can be applied as a key or an instrument to get another key.
Public and Private key formats are used to make and verify XEdDSA, which is an EdDSA-compatible signature. This signature provides cryptographic deniability and privacy to the chat by setting a shared secret key between two parties (sender and receiver).
The Double Ratchet key management algorithm is implemented for end-to-end encryption in instant messaging. The algorithm helps exchange encrypted messages between two parties with the use of a shared secret key.
The participants of the communication get new keys for every message that uses Double Ratchet. The keys created earlier aren’t calculated from the following keys as the outcomes of Diffie-Hellman calculations are mingled into the derived keys. Parties send Diffie-Hellman public values together with the messages. If there is a compromise of keys of any party, these features allow for protection to encrypted messages.
The Sesame algorithm is applied to regulate sessions of message encryption in an asynchronous and multi-device setting.
What Is Personal Information Recorded When Using Grapherex?
All the information you provide, such as a valid phone number, name, or picture, is end-to-end encrypted. Moreover, when creating a Grapherex account, you must add only your phone number; other personal data is not required.
The client’s message history is kept only on the app device. Grapherex servers keep only messages that weren’t delivered as the device wasn’t temporarily connected to the Internet.
Synchronization of the personal contacts with Grapherex is safe, as all the data is cryptographically hashed.
Still, the application uses the minimum of the data just to provide a proper service operation.
Personal Data and Third Parties
Any communication on the platform can’t be decrypted or accessed by the company or a third party.
The app has the rights to share private data with legal authorities. Also, private information can be used if there is a threat to user or application assets. To protect clients from any security issue, the app can appeal to private data.
Takeaway
Grapherex cares about user’s privacy. However, data protection is not only about encryption provided by the Signal protocol but about using part of data to prevent security issues.
--
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Grapherex
Secure messenger, cryptocurrency wallet and P2P crypto exchange in one app. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
What to Watch as Congress Nears Deadline to Avert Shutdown
What? Congress has until midnight Friday to come up with a plan to fund the government through early December, or once again, it will be lights out for many operations. The problem this time: Passing a plan all seemed quite simple, since Democrats and Republicans gave up several policy items they wanted attached to the overall spending bill. But the measure still omits $220 million that Democrats wanted to help Flint, Mich., and other cities manage emergencies, and they are threatening to block the bill when it comes to the Senate floor on Tuesday. Who to watch: Senator Mitch McConnell, Republican of Kentucky and the majority leader, and Senator Harry Reid, the Democratic leader from Nevada, who may broker a final deal. Keep an eye on Senator Debbie Stabenow, Democrat of Michigan and a longstanding and fierce advocate for Flint who rarely gives up a legislative fight easily. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Stan Brookes
Stan Brookes (born 2 February 1953) was an English former footballer who played for Doncaster Rovers and KV Mechelen as a defender. He attended the Percy Jackson Grammar School, Doncaster, 1964 entrant.
Doncaster Rovers
After playing in Doncaster Rovers Juniors Brookes signed a professional contract with club, then in English Division 4, in February 1971. His debut came in a 1–0 home defeat to Barrow on 28 August 1971. His first goal came in the following season on 20 February in a 2–1 win at Chester City.
In April 1974 he took over in goal in a game against Exeter City. Rovers were losing 2–0 at the time and came back to draw 3–3.
He made a total of 263 League and Cup appearances, scoring 7 goals, it was at the end of the 1972–73 season
KV Mechelen
Along with fellow Brit Keith Coleman from West Ham, Brookes joined KV Mechelen of the Belgian Second Division for the 1977–78 season, managed by John Talbut. He stayed there for 6 seasons, including one in the First Division.
Honours
Doncaster Rovers KV Mechelen
* Sheffield and Hallamshire County Cup winner 1975–76
* Belgian Second Division play-offs winner 1980–81
* Belgian Second Division winner 1982–83 | WIKI |
Nepalis in Libya
Nepalis in Libya are mainly migrant workers from Nepal. According to Nepal's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in February 2011 there were 3,064 Nepalis working in Libya.
Overview
The majority of Nepalese workers in Libya work as construction or industrial laborers. The Nepalese government has opened Libya for foreign employment in 2009 and about six Nepalese outsourcing agencies have sent 1,868 Nepalis to Libya while 22 have reached there through individual contracts. Department of Foreign Employment data showed that 2,592 Nepalis reached the country in the two years to 2011.
Following the 2011 Libyan civil war, many Nepalese workers began to leave the country. About 1,200 Nepalis had already left Libya according to the Nepal Foreign Employment Association. Many of them left the country through Egypt by reaching the border from Derna under a rescue effort coordinated by Nepal’s envoy in Cairo. | WIKI |
Hertford (disambiguation)
Hertford may refer to:
* Hertford, the county town of Hertfordshire
* Hertford Castle
* Hertford College, Oxford
* Hertford County, North Carolina
* Hertford, North Carolina, a town not located in Hertford County.
People
* Marquess of Hertford, a title in the Peerage of England
* Whit Hertford (born 1978), American actor and writer
Ships
* SS Hertford | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Divied By Friday
The result was Delete. Rjd0060 (talk) 23:48, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
Divied By Friday
* ( [ delete] ) – (View AfD) (View log)
Article asserted some notability, so I removed the speedy tag, but still believe there are no reliable third-party sources available to assert notability Fritzpoll (talk) 20:56, 29 March 2008 (UTC)
* Delete fails WP:BAND. They have no albums, no releases, no hits. They aren't signed to a label either. Nothing wrong with it, but they aren't notable. Izzy007 Talk 21:00, 29 March 2008 (UTC)
* Delete No notability.-- RyRy5 talk 22:18, 29 March 2008 (UTC)
* Delete, article fails to establish notability as per WP:MUSIC. Esradekan Gibb "Talk" 00:10, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
* Delete per all the above. Beeblbrox (talk) 01:05, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Bands and musicians-related deletion discussions. -- Fabrictramp (talk) 17:29, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
* Delete the band doesn't even have a label.Hoponpop69 (talk) 03:47, 31 March 2008 (UTC)
* The Band does have a hit signgal it's called 3 Legends In Steinbreg. their will be more infromation.Rockismorethanmusic (talk) 19:01, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
* comment when will that be? Beeblbrox (talk) 01:58, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Networks
Question
Locked
Virtual Machine migration
By ozric_vita ·
I took two virtual machines from one serverA and copied them to another serverB.
I have internet connection/access to both serverA/B but not for the virtual machines in ServerB.
Specs: The two servers are running ubuntu 9.04 32-bit, Vmware server 2.01, the virtual machines are running WinXP and Ubuntu9.04. Both have a static IP /DNS.
What I have tried:
arp -a
dynamic IP
removed the network configuration from vmware and added it back in.
I played with the settings.
One more thing I haven't done but will do in a few minutes:
Install the network drives for the ethernet card from serverB.
Conclusion: The virtual machines from serverB are not connecting to the DHCP server.
Has anyone migrated virtual machines?
thanks
edit:
Event viewer--
The system failed to register host(A) resource records for network adapter.
This conversation is currently closed to new comments.
Thread display: Collapse - | Expand +
All Answers
Collapse -
so....
by ---TK--- In reply to Virtual Machine migration
Can serverB access the network? When the VM's are running can serverB access the network? What are the VM's NIC settings NAT or Bridged? if they are NATed then they will not get their IP from the DHCP server the VM will give them a DHCP address. If they are Bridged, then they will get an address from the DHCP server... Just some things to think about... Your issue was not very clear in the post (not to be mean).
Collapse -
si...
by ozric_vita In reply to so....
Yes, serverB can access the network, even when the VM's are running. The VM's NIC settings are Bridged.
edit:
you know what, maybe I have to reinstall VMware server.
After reading this post
http://forums.techarena.in/technology-internet/1143314.htm
Collapse -
With in the VM....
by ---TK--- In reply to si...
are the IP's set to static or Dynamic?
Collapse -
Static
by ozric_vita In reply to With in the VM....
They are set to static
Collapse -
Do you have VLAN's set up?
by ---TK--- In reply to Static
is the primary question... If not...
Next I would set the XP box to dynamic, and see what happens. If it gets a self address, 169.x.x.x. Or I would also try uninstalling XP's nic then reinstalling.
With in the VMed Ubuntu, I would set it to dynamic, and then run sudo dhclient (same as ipconfig release renew), or set to dynamic then run ifconfig eth0 down, then ifconfig eth0 up. They are kind of the same thing, but sometimes you can get different results...
Basically I am trying to see if the issue is with the Host or the actual VM's... its sometimes a pain in the rear to find out who is causing the issue...
Collapse -
reinstalling....
by ---TK--- In reply to si...
is always an option, but I get the feeling that it will not fix your issue... Just a gut feeling... That would me my last resort...
Good link, but their Host OS is vista, and your Host is Ubuntu... Different ball game :)
Collapse -
It works!
by ozric_vita In reply to reinstalling....
After reinstalling vmware server it started to work again. It might be that I did not installed it right the first time.
Thanks for the help! It does help to talk to other people about IT issues. I use to have a co-worker but he left and now I don't have no one to talk to. I am glad that TechRepublic is here. Thanks TK!
Collapse -
lol
by ---TK--- In reply to It works!
Wow, I think I'm going to ignore my gut instinct for a while lol... but glad I could help out a little... :)
Stick around! TR is a great place to bounce ideas around, there are alot of very knowledgeable people here! The crowd has helped me out with more than a couple things :)...
If you host a Ubuntu guest on a visa box, and have ssh running... and you can't ssh to the guest VM but the transparent squid proxy works, don't ask me lol... I'm still trying to figure that one out...
Related Discussions
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Robust and Fast Automatic Modulation Classification with CNN under Multipath Fading Channels
Tekbiyik K., Ekti A. R. , Gorcin A. , Kurt G. K. , Kececi C.
91st IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC Spring 2020, Antwerp, Belçika, 25 - 28 Mayıs 2020 identifier
Özet
© 2020 IEEE.Automatic modulation classification (AMC) has been studied for more than a quarter of a century; however, it has been difficult to design a classifier that operates successfully under changing multipath fading conditions and other impairments. Recently, deep learning (DL)-based methods are adopted by AMC systems and major improvements are reported. In this paper, a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier model is proposed to classify modulation classes in terms of their families, i.e., types. The proposed classifier is robust against realistic wireless channel impairments and in relation to that, when the data sets that are utilized for testing and evaluating the proposed methods are considered, it is seen that RadioML2016.10a is the main dataset utilized for testing and evaluation of the proposed methods. However, the channel effects incorporated in this dataset and some others may lack the appropriate modeling of the real-world conditions since it only considers two distributions for channel models for a single tap configuration. Therefore, in this paper, a more comprehensive dataset, named as HisarMod2019.1, is also introduced, considering real-life applicability. HisarMod2019.1 includes 26 modulation classes passing through the channels with 5 different fading types and several number of taps for classification. It is shown that the proposed model performs better than the existing models in terms of both accuracy and training time under more realistic conditions. Even more, surpassed their performance when the RadioML2016.10a dataset is utilized. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Database for sequencer in a canton fabric domain
Hi team,
I am working on the examples e01-fabric-domain. In the sequencer configuration there is a postgres database defined.
canton.sequencers.fabricSequencer1 {
public-api {
port = 3000
address = "0.0.0.0"
}
admin-api {
port = 4000
address = "0.0.0.0"
}
storage {
type = postgres
config {
dataSourceClass = "org.postgresql.ds.PGSimpleDataSource"
properties = {
serverName = "pg.database1"
portNumber = "5432"
databaseName = "db"
user = "user"
password = "pass"
}
numThreads = 20
}
}
sequencer {
type = "fabric"
config {
(This setup is quite similar to a database domain. The difference is just the the sequencer.type is database instead of fabric.)
Questions about this database:
(1) What is the purpose of this database?
(2) Any impact, such as functionality or performance, if we do not use a database here?
I encountered a challenge that when I used a database for a new sequencer, There were chances some conflict on the data (read from the log) and the setup failed. The problem was gone if the database is not used. I am still studying the log but the questions above may give me some hints.
Thanks.
kc
Hi @kctam
You can understand the Canton Fabric Sequencer node to be a translation system which can interpret the payload on Fabric and translate it into Canton specific message that is independent of the underlying DLT layer used.
Now, participants (and other domain members) subscribe to the sequencer using their individual counters:
Therefore, the DLT sequencer node needs to keep track of all this information, in addition to other, node specific information.
If you run your sequencer node without persistence, the data (including the initialisation) won’t survive a restart and the node won’t function anymore.
Therefore, for any production setting, you need to provide a Postgres database for the node to store data that does not belong onto the Fabric chain. The in-memory stores are really just there for testing and demos.
I hope this make it clear.
With respect to your failing setups: there was a race condition in 2.1.x sequencer initialization that could lead to failures during bootstrapping of a domain. This has been fixed in 2.2.0.
Cheers,
Ratko
1 Like | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
user56690 user56690 - 1 year ago 77
Node.js Question
Connect to Database from Apigee
Can anyone let me know if it is possible to connect to a Microsoft database from Apigee oncloud? We have a requirement to perform get and post operations from the database.
I tried to search it on internet, but did not get any information.
Thanks in advance
Answer Source
It depends on your license, since you might be able to use Java for this, but this requires a Developer license: http://apigee.com/docs/developer-vs-edge
My best bet would be to add a thin API layer on top of your database for the CRUD operations. Probably a good idea as well to decrease the latency as much as possible or perform an async operation (if possible) towards the database API. From an architectural point of view the MSSQL database should be 'close' to your backend systems, while your API should be pointing 'outside'. Ensure to secure the connection between your Apigee layer and your Database API layer (firewall, SSL).
Hope this helps. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:EB1911 - Volume 25.djvu/392
Rh
an amount of osmotic work P(»2 — Vi). If the heat of solution be measured in a calorimeter, no work is done, so that, if we call this calorimetric heat of solution L, the two quantities are connected by the relation L = X + P(f2— Vi). If L is zero or negligible, X=^P(» 2 -!; 1 ) and we have <2P/<2T=-P/T or dP/P=-dT/T, which on integration gives log P = log T + C, or P = &T, i.e. the osmotic pressure is proportional to the absolute temperature. This result must hold good for any solution, but if the solution be dilute when saturated, that is, if the solubility be small, the equation shows that if there be no heat effect when solid dissolves to form a saturated solution, the solubility is independent of temperature, for, in accordance with the gas laws, the osmotic pressure of a dilute solution of constant concentration is proportional to the absolute temperature. It follows that if the thermodynamic heat of solution be positive, that is, if heat be absorbed to keep the system at constant temperature, the solubility will increase with rising temperature, while if heat be evolved on dissolution, the solubility falls when the system is heated.
In all this investigation it should be noted that the heat of solu- tion with which we are concerned is the heat effect when solid dissolves to form a saturated solution. It is not the heat effect when solid is dissolved in a large excess of solvent, and may differ so much from that effect as to have an opposite sign. Thus cupric chloride dissolves in much water with an evolution of heat, but when the solution is nearly saturated, it is cooled by taking up more of the solid.
In a very dilute solution no appreciable heat is evolved or absorbed when solvent is added, but such heat effects are Osmotic generally found with more concentrated solutions. Pressure The result is to change the relation between tempera- and Tem- ture and the osmotic pressure of a solution of constant pera ure. concen tration, a relation which, in very dilute solutions, is a direct proportionality.
The equation of available energy (see Energetics) A = U + TdA/dT may be applied to this problem. The available energy A is the work which may be gained from the system by a small rever- sible isothermal operation with an osmotic cylinder, that is Pdv. If I is the heat of dilution per unit change of volume in a calorimeter where all the energy goes to heat, the change in internal energy U is measured by Idv. We then have
Pdv=ldv+T-^{Pdv).
Neglecting the volume change with temperature this gives P =l-\-TdP/dT for the relation required. In the case where / is negligible we have P/dP = T/dT, which on integration shows that the osmotic pressure, as in the special case of a dilute solution, is proportional to the absolute temperature.
Theories of Solution. — The older observers, noticing the heat effects which often accompany dissolution, regarded solutions as chemical compounds of varying composition. The physical investigation of osmotic pressure, and its correlation by Van't Hoff with the pressure of a gas, brought forward a new aspect of the phenomena, and suggested an identity of physical modus operandi as well as of numerical value. On this view, the function of the solvent is to give space for the solute to diffuse, and the pressure on a semi-permeable membrane is due to the excess of solvent molecules entering over those leaving in conse- quence of the smaller number which impinge on the membrane from the side of the solution; the defect in the number must be proportional, roughly at any rate, to the number of solute molecules, present, that is, to the strength of the solution.
Whatever view, if any, be adopted as to the nature of a solu- tion, the thermodynamic relations we have investigated equally hold good. It is the strength and weakness of thermodynamic methods that they are independent of theories of constitution. The results are true whatever theory be in vogue, but the results throw no light on the problem of which theory to choose. All the thermodynamic relations we have deduced hold on any theory of solution and favour no one theory rather than another. Whether osmotic pressure be due to physical impact or to chemical affinity it must necessarily have the gas value in a dilute solution, and be related to vapour pressure and freezing point in the way we have traced. But for any theory of solution to be tenable, it must at least be consistent with the known thermo- dynamic relations, verified as those relations are by experiment.
On certain assumptions required for the extension of the methods of the kinetic theory of gases to liquids, L. Boltzmann offered a demonstration of the law of osmotic pressure in dilute
solutions, based on the idea that the mean energy of translation of a molecule should be the same in the liquid as in the gaseous state. But, whether or not the assumption underlying this demonstration be accepted, the similarity between solution and chemical action remains, and the osmotic law has been examined from this side by J. H. Poynting and by H. L. Callendar. The fundamental phenomenon they take to be the identity of vapour pressure, and consider the combination necessary to reduce the vapour pressure of a solution to the right value. If each mole- cule of the solute combines with a certain number of molecules of the solvent in such a way as to render them inactive for evapora- tion, we get a lowering of vapour pressure. Let us assume that the ratio pjp' of the vapour pressures of the solvent and solution is equal to the ratio of the number of free molecules of solvent to the whole number of molecules in the solution. Each molecular complex, formed by solution and solvent, is treated as a single molecule. If there are n molecules of solute to N of solvent originally, and each molecule of solute combines with a molecule of solvent, we get for the ratio of vapour pressures pjp' — (N — a«)/(N — a»+»), while the relative lowering of vapour pressure is (p — p')lp = nj(N — an).
In the limit of dilution when n is very small compared with N this gives Raoult's experimental law that the relative lowering is w/N, which we deduced from the osmotic law, and conversely from which the osmotic law follows, while for more concentrated solutions agreement is obtained by assigning arbitrary values to a, which, as we have seen, is 5 in the case of cane-sugar.
Certain solvents, such as water, liquid ammonia or liquid hydrocyanic acid, possess the power of making some solutes, such as mineral salts and acids, when dissolved in them, con- ductors of electricity. The special properties of these solutions are dealt with under Electrolysis and Conduction, Elec- tric, § In Liquids. Attempts have been made to co-ordinate this ionizing power of solvents with their dielectric constants, or with their chemical properties. On the lines of Poynting's theory of solution, each ion in electrolytes must combine with one or more molecules of solvent.
Diffusion in Solutions. — The passage of dissolved substances through animal and vegetable membranes was the subject of many early experiments. It was found that substances like mineral salts, which crystallize well from solution, passed such membranes with comparative ease, while the jelly-like substances such as albumen passed with extreme slowness if at all. The first to make systematic experiments on the free diffusion of dissolved substances with no separating membrane was Thomas Graham (1804-1860), who immersed in a large volume of water a wide-mouthed bottle containing a solution, and after some time measured the quantity of substance which had diffused into the water. Again the two classes of substances mencioned above were found to be distinguished, and Graham called the slowly diffusible non-crystalline bodies colloids, in contrast to the quickly diffusible crystalloids. Graham showed that the diffusion was approximately proportional to the difference in con- centration, and on these lines a theory of diffusion was founded on the lines of Fourier's treatment of the conduction of heat.
The quantity of substance which diffuses through unit area in one second may be taken as proportional to the difference in. con- centration between the fluids at that area and at another parallel area indefinitely near it. This difference in concentration is proportional to the rate of variation — dc/dx of the concentration c with the distance x, so that the number of gramme-molecules of solute which, in a time dt, cross an area A of a long cylinder of. constant cross section is dN = —DA(dc/dx)dt, where D is a constant known as the diffusion constant or the diffusivity.
The osmotic pressure of a solution depends on the concentration; and, if we regard the difference in that pressure as the effective force driving the dissolved substance through the solution, we are able to obtain the equation of diffusion in another form. When the solution is dilute enough for the osmotic pressure to possess " the gas " value the equation becomes —
dN '= ~^r A dl dt '
where R is the usual gas constant, T the absolute temperature, and F the force required to drive one gramme-molecule of the solute through the solution with unit velocity. | WIKI |
Talk:E. Barton Worthington
Still living?
I've failed to find an online obituary. Narky Blert (talk) 23:01, 7 December 2014 (UTC)
A possible relative?
William Barton Worthington. The forename Barton is unusual; and it's something of a custom in some British families to preserve fore/middle names through the generations. Narky Blert (talk) 23:01, 7 December 2014 (UTC)
His education
I've failed to find which school he attended; or even which Cambridge college. Narky Blert (talk) 23:03, 7 December 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Screen readers
Accessible Text Labels For All
When you navigate this page using VoiceOver, and use the Form Controls menu, you’ll get a list of all form controls on the page, including the Add to Cart buttons.
Quickly scanning these buttons you can tell that they provide very little value, as there is no way to tell which product each button corresponds to. How does a user know which button they want to go to and press if they don’t know which product it corresponds to?
[…]
A popular example of Voice recognition software used to browse the Web is Dragon Naturally Speaking.
[…]
Seeing it in action is the best way to get an idea of how it’s used. So, to quickly demonstrate how it is used on the Web, Level Access created a video demoing Dragon Naturally Speaking to fill out a form on a page. The following video is a short clip from their video which you can find and watch in full on [YouTube].
When the dragon user (in the video) wants to select a form control, he speaks out the visual text label of that control. This is one of many reasons why visual labels are important in user interfaces.
So when we have a series of Add to Cart buttons, a dragon user will speak the label of the button in order to interact with it. This is why adding text in the middle of the string makes it inaccessible. The content in the middle of the string would break the visible label. The user would be telling dragon to interact with a button whose label is not what it visually appears to be.
[…]
So whenever you need to add additional text to a visible label, it best come after what’s visually shown.
Similarly, always ensure the accessible name (announced by screen readers) matches the visual label as much as possible. This means that you’ll also want to avoid adding a label using aria-label that does not match the text label that is shown on a control.
Screen reader order of precendence for interpreting content
Whether you build a widget as a web component using standards, Vue, React, or any other framework, or with a combination of HTML and JavaScript, screen readers that encounter your widget will look for clues in the rendered markup to discern what it is and tell users that they’ve encountered a search box, menu, or carousel.
Screen readers generally follow this order of precedence:
1. Look for explicitly set ARIA attributes (roles, states, properties), and in the absence of those:
2. Interpret any implicit roles from markup semantics (form elements, paragraphs, lists, etc).
3. Read any text available in the markup.
If no discernable semantics exist (think ARIA-less <div> or <span> tags), it skips to #3. So when you omit ARIA, you’re rolling the dice on whether users will understand that your <ul> is a menu and not simply a list. When you omit ARIA and semantic tags, you’re leaving it up to your users to figure things out (and potentially abandon your product because it doesn’t work).
Accessibility issues with toasts and how to mitigate them
You may have recently read Adrian Roselli’s Scraping Burned Toast, Chris Coyier’s summary of the current “toast conversation”. Or maybe you’ve browsed the GitHub repository for A Standard ‘Toast’ UI Element and its WICG discussion thread.
Or maybe you’re familiar with the concept of toasts from Android development and Material Design.
But regardless of how familiar you are with the concept of a “toast”, work has been progressing on try to pave the existing cow paths different UI library definitions have set for said potential component. Unfortunately, the level of concern given to the accessibility and inclusive UX of a toast component varies quite a bit, depending on which component library you review.
[…]
Defining a toast
[…]
At a high level, toasts should be used to indicate the completion of a task or process initiated by the user or the application itself. For instance, a notification verifying the saving of a file, that a message had been properly sent, or a that a meeting was about to start.
If someone were to ignore, or miss a toast message, due to its timed display, there should be no negative impact on their current activities or the status that the message conveyed. Using the previous examples, ignoring a toast message would still mean that a file was saved, that a message was sent, or that a meeting was about to start.
[…]
Inclusive UX of a toast
A toast component should be considered a type of status message, and thus should be given a role="status". This will ensure that when a toast is displayed on screen, its contents will be, politely, communicated to assistive technologies, such as screen readers.
Ideally, a toast component should contain no interactive controls, as by doing so an immediate divergence of inclusive UX is introduced.
See the source link for a list of issues and some ways to mitigate them.
Not Your Father's Navigation Strategy: There's More Than Just the TAB Key
As a blind screen reader user, and in my career educating designers, developers, and testers on accessibility issues, I have had the opportunity to observe the techniques used by various users to understand the layout and operation of web pages and applications. I have also seen well-intentioned sighted testers believe that components or entire sites are not accessible because they were unfamiliar with the techniques of navigating the web without sight.
In this article, I will walk you through the ways a blind screen reader user can navigate a web page, gather information about its layout and organization, and use that knowledge to efficiently and rapidly navigate a site or application. I hope to convey the importance of using techniques other than the TAB key as a primary means of navigating a website and illustrate the power you provide to a screen reader user by following semantic HTML markup and the principles of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.
Global Accessibility Awareness Day
May 17th is Global Accessibility Awareness Day. See the source link for more. The participate page is a great list of things to test for and be aware of.
The target audience of GAAD is the design, development, usability, and related communities who build, shape, fund and influence technology and its use. While people may be interested in the topic of making technology accessible and usable by persons with disabilities, the reality is that they often do not know how or where to start. Awareness comes first.
The title attribute is an accessibility fallback
[S]upport aside, it’s still not a particularly good choice as a consistent means to convey accessible information. Because while the title does provide an accessible name to elements in the absence of other sources, it is considered a fallback. Outside of some notable exceptions (more on this later), other mechanisms will always be preferred.
[…]
While the title attribute can be used on any HTML element, it’s essentially wasted on most inline, text level elements. As these elements aren’t typically included in the accessibility tree, there’s no reason for a screen reader to look for a title on these elements to announce.
Block-level wrapping elements can get some usage out of the title attribute. JAWS, NVDA and VoiceOver will all announce a title on elements like landmarks (header, footer, main, etc.) but support may vary on other elements depending on your browser pairing. For example, JAWS will not announce a title on a div without additional role updates.
Other wrapping elements, like lists and paragraphs, are announced in JAWS and VoiceOver, but NVDA ignores the attribute on these elements. But honestly, using title tooltips on these elements is highly suspect. Why would you want to have a tooltip constantly appearing over a large chunk of content? Unless you are purposefully trying to hide content, which isn’t helpful, there’s little need for using the title in this manner.
Images, form fields, and anchor links are the elements one is most likely to associate with the title attribute. In regards to screen readers, the title attribute essentially gets a “B” grade when reviewing publicly available screen reader support charts from powermapper.com.
titles are meant to serve as descriptive text. And largely only in situations where there is no accessible name for an image, form field, or anchor element, the title will be promoted to the accessible name.
Inclusive Tooltips & Toggletips
Most of the time, tooltips shouldn’t be needed if you provide clear textual labeling and familiar iconography. Most of the time toggletips are a complex way of providing information that could just be part of the document’s prose content. But I see each of these components all the time in auditing websites, so I wanted to provide some guidance on how to make the most of them.
Checklist
• If you have space, don’t use tooltips or toggletips. Just provide clear labels and sufficient body text.
• If it’s a tooltip you are looking to use, decide whether the tip’s content should be provided as the label or description and choose ARIA properties accordingly.
• Don’t rely on title attributes. They are not keyboard accessible and are not supported in many screen reader setups.
• Don’t describe toggletips with aria-describedby. It makes the subject button non-functional to screen reader users.
• Don’t put interactive content such as close and confirm buttons or links in tooltips or toggletips. This is the job of more complex menu and dialog components. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Pinellas Bayway
Huh?
"Attempts to replace the drawbridges with bridges of a different design in recent years have met resistance from both nearby residents, yachtsmen, and the local chapter of the NAACP."
What problem does the NAACP have with a bridge replacement? - Aerobird 15:06, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
* Sounds like segregated land in the past that used the bridge as a means to separate the urban and suburban class. Look at any city or town that is separated by a bridge and you'll see the socioeconomic difference on either side of the coast. – TheGridExe ( talk ) 17:43, 26 June 2018 (UTC) | WIKI |
Category:Book:Ada Programming/Restrictions
|Ada programming language -> |Ada Programming -> Pragmas -> Restrictions
List of restrictions.
Pragmas | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 32 Part 1.djvu/384
318 FIFFY-SEVENTH CONGRESS. Sess. I. Ch. 1036. 1902. M*>"“'m‘*·K¥- United States post-office at Maysville, Kentucky, forty thousand dollars. N¤*°h°'·M***· United States post—office at Natchez, Mississippi, fifty thousand dollars. mvma, uo. United States post—office at Nevada, Missouri, forty thousand dollars. xrnnxeeni. United States post-office at Kankakee, Illinois, seventy thousand dollars. C°‘°’;*,bS,g_M°- United States post-oiliee at Columbia, Missouri, five thousand dollars. ima . United States post-office at Elkhart,. Indiana, eighty-tive thousand dollars. 1·¤s¤¤¤1><>¤,I¤¤- United States post-oflice at Logansport, Indiana, seventy-tive thousand dollars. ¤¤¤<=i¤»I¤<¤· United States post—office at Muncie, Indiana, eighty thousand dollars. ¤¢¤1¤»m· United States post-office at Dekalb, Illinois, sixty-five thousand dollars. m°’“”°'“’·“‘°· United States post-office at Richmond, Indiana, eighty thousand · dollars. V“‘°°"“°°· I““· Unilteidaitates post-office at Vincennes, Indiana, seventy-five `thou— sand o. · dollars. °""""“‘"'“°·’“"· United States post-oiilce at Crawfordsville, Indiana, fifty thousand dollars. - H"""“°"‘- I""· United States post—office and courthouse at Hammond, Indiana, one hundred and forty thousand dollars. ““"*‘°“‘°‘”‘*’°"“· d Uanited States post-oflice at Marshalltown, Iowa, eighty-five thousand o rs. , "‘*‘“‘°°·I°""· United States post·oflice and court-house at Waterloo Iowa, one §°Q,Y°’°‘ hundred and fifty thousand dollars: Provided, That the Secretary of the Treasury in selecting a site in the city of Waterloo, and State of Iowa, shall confine its location within the First or Second wards of said city as now constituted. B<>°¤°·I°"*‘· United States post-office at Boone, Iowa, one hundred thousand dollars. I·>*‘¤ Cm'- I°"* United States post-oflice at Iowa City, Iowa, sixty thousand dollars. H¤*·°h*¤°°¤· Kem I United States post-office at Hutchinson, Kansas, fifty thousand dollars. I-·"¤¤*‘°· KK"- United States post-office at Lawrence, Kansas, fifty thousand dollars. H•>l>’¤*°·M¤¤¤· United States post-oflice at Holyoke, Massachusetts, one hundred and thirty-tive thousand dollars. N°’*'**¤P'°¤·“¤°· United States post-ofiice at Northampton, Massachusetts, seventy thousand dollars. H°¤*‘°”°¤·K>’· United States post-office at Henderson, Kentucky, forty thousand dollars. hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. ’*"’"*’“'Y»““”· United States post-office at Amesbury, Massachusetts, forty-five thousand dollars. Rack FMS-C- United States post-office at Rock Hill, South Carolina, thirty-tive thousand dollars. M¤¤*”"*“€· W- United States post-office and revenue office at Martinsville, Virginia, _ thirty-five thousand dollars. . B**“*°°'°°‘*»“’°**· United States post-office at Battlecreek, Michigan, one hundred thousand dollars. Bi1¤xi.Mi¤=¤- United States post-office, courthouse, and custom-house at Biloxi, Mississippi, one undred and twenty-Eve thousand dollars. mnm,1<. H. United States post·office at Nashua. New Hampshire, ninety thousand dollars. M*·¤¤·= °i*¥·N-·l· United States post-office at Atlantic City, New Jersey, one hundred and twentydive thousand dollars.
* “‘“”°"· md' United States post-oliice at Anderson, Indiana, eighty thousand
* “*°""*"·T°¤· United States post-office and court-house at Sherman, Texas, one | WIKI |
Donald Cameron (Tasmanian politician)
Donald Cameron (1 August 1814 – 13 October 1890) born in Fordoun, Scotland was a Tasmanian politician who held the Tasmanian Legislative Council seat of North Esk from 18 July 1868 to 13 July 1886.
He was the second son of Donald Cameron (1780–1857), a Scottish surgeon who was granted a 1000acre (400ha) allotment near Launceston as an incentive to relocate in Van Diemens Land.
By 1840 he was virtually manager of this farm which his father had named 'Fordon'. From 1844 to 1848 he toured Europe and Great Britain and by the time he returned to Australia he had married a Stirling lass, Mary Isabella Morrison. The farm prospered, allowing him to represent the area in the Tasmanian parliament. His wife survived him and continued to run the property for the next twenty three years.
He was father of Donald Norman Cameron (MHR for Tasmania 1901–03, MHA 1904-06) and Cyril St Clair Cameron (Senator for Tasmania 1901-03) and grandfather of Donald Keith Cameron (MHA 1934-37). | WIKI |
Can You Shift Gears Without Using The Clutch? (Explained)
If you have been driving an automatic your entire life and you just started driving a manual, one of the things you won’t be used to is using the clutch because this is something that you don’t see in automatic cars.
And one of the things you need to do when shifting gears in a manual is to step on the clutch, which isn’t something that most people are used to doing.
Can you shift gears without using the clutch?
You can shift gears on a manual without using the clutch but it takes timing and practice for you to do so. However, there is a risk in doing so especially if you don’t get it right. You also can’t expect shifting without a clutch to be smooth especially if you haven’t gotten the hang of it yet.
Car Gear Stick 1200x800px 1
The good news for those who really haven’t gotten used to driving a manual car is that there is a workaround that will allow you to drive and shift gears without using the clutch.
Then again, it really isn’t the smoothest and easiest way to shift gears.
But this should be something you might want to try in case you haven’t gotten used to the clutch or if the clutch cable suddenly breaks.
Can you shift gears without using the clutch?
One of the things that automatic drivers don’t usually get used to when they first started driving a stick shift or a manual car is the clutch.
That’s because shifting in a manual requires that you step on the clutch as you are shifting.
And this isn’t something that you do with an automatic car because you don’t even have a clutch in the first place. This will make you wonder if you could still actually shift without using the clutch.
And even if you are someone who has gotten used to using the clutch, there is still a good reason why you may want to ask whether or not you can shift gears without using the clutch.
After all, there might be a time when the clutch cable gets broken and you still need to drive your car and bring it to the mechanic.
So, is it even possible for you to shift gears without using the clutch?
The good news is that, yes, you can shift gears without using the clutch.
There are those who have actually gotten used to doing this especially when they have clutch cables that are broken. This is what is usually called float shifting or slip shifting.
Slip shifting has become very useful for those who have to drive their cars when the clutch is broken.
And the thing you need to know about it is that it requires practice on your part because slip shifting isn’t really that easy to pull off smoothly.
When slip shifting, the first thing you need to do is to wait until the RPMs are somewhere between 3,500 and 4,000. In some cars, it might be somewhere between 3,000 and 3500. But the point here is that to make sure you time it right.
From there, what you need to do is to release the gas immediately and then simultaneously pull the shifter out of gear before upshifting it into the next gear.
It sounds simple to do but it requires timing, accuracy, and precision because of how you will be doing several things simultaneously here.
It is also important that you need to make sure that you step off the gas pedal before you shift and that you only step on it when you have now upshifted into the next gear because this puts less stress on the transmission.
Meanwhile, downshifting is more or less the same as the process is similar. But downshifting without using the clutch might be a bit more challenging to do because you need to slow your RPM speed down to somewhere between 1,500 and 2,000 before you can pull the shifter out of gear and then downshift.
Again, slip shifting is something that needs a bit of precision and timing on your part. The only way for you to get those things done is by making sure that you practice this.
Then again, practicing it can also be risky because there are some things you need to understand about float shifting and the risks involved with it.
Is shifting without the clutch bad?
When pulled off the right way such as when you have already practiced enough to the point that you can do it with pinpoint precision and accuracy, then shifting without the clutch isn’t bad for your car.
Then again, the point here is that you have to do it the right way, and the only way for you to get it right is with practice.
So, the risks involved here should be minimal as long as you have practiced enough.
However, practicing slip shifting can be the problem here because you are bound to make mistakes here and there. The mistakes you will be making while practicing can wear your transmission down.
Now, it is important to note that the clutch was designed for wear and tear. That means that the manufacturers made it a point to design the clutch in such a way that it is alright for it to eventually wear down due to the normal course of using it.
On the other hand, your transmission wasn’t designed with that purpose in mind.
While wear and tear is a part of the usual course of your transmission’s purpose, it was not built to be as disposable as the clutch in the sense that it isn’t supposed to be taking on a lot of wear and tear.
That’s why it is going to be more expensive for you to have your transmission replaced or repaired in comparison to fixing your clutch.
So, if you were to wear your transmission down because you practiced float shifting too much or because you relied on float shifting more when you are upshifting or downshifting, the possible costs will outweigh the benefits.
So, while you may still be able to shift gears on a manual without using the clutch, we recommend that you only do so if and only if your clutch is broken.
If you are someone who is used to an automatic that doesn’t have a clutch, what we recommend is that you have to get used to the clutch instead of relying so much on float shifting.
Sources
Autoblog: How to drive a manual transmission car without using the clutch
Motor Biscuit: What is slip shifting and can it ruin your car | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Zika caused twenty-fold spike in birth defects -US study
CHICAGO, March 2 (Reuters) - Rates of microcephaly and certain other birth defects were 20 times higher in pregnancies affected by Zika compared with pregnancies in years before the virus arrived in the Americas, U.S. researchers said on Thursday. The increase emphasizes the ongoing risk of Zika during pregnancy, researchers from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said. The study, published in the CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality report, examined rates of birth defects in Massachusetts, North Carolina, and Georgia in 2012-2013 - before Zika’s arrival in the Americas. They tracked the number of birth defects commonly seen among Zika-affected babies, including brain abnormalities and small head size or microcephaly, eye defects and other central nervous system problems. During those years, birth defects on that list occurred in about 3 of every 1,000 births They compared this with published rates of infants from a 2016 U.S. Zika registry and found the rates of these same birth defects were 20 times higher, occurring in nearly 60 of every 1,000 completed pregnancies with Zika infections. The CDC continues to recommend that pregnant women avoid travel to areas with Zika, and pregnant women living in these areas take steps to protect themselves from infection. (Reporting by Julie Steenhuysen; Editing by Bernard Orr) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Abode is bringing HomeKit to its do-it-all smart home hub
Abode, not to be confused with Adobe, is today taking the wraps off its new second-generation smart home gateway. The Gen 2 device acts as a central hub between all your Z-Wave Plus, Zigbee, and abodeRF devices, and it’s compatible with Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, Nest, Ecobee, LifX, Philips Hue, and IFTTT. Moreover, it will “soon” support HomeKit and Siri, which is an out-of-the-box rarity for these do-it-all gateways. On paper, this is the smart home hub you’d buy if you’re trying to remain as flexible as possible without ecosystem lock-in. HomeKit integration will be delivered via a future firmware update to both Gen 1 and Gen 2 gateways. ”On the HomeKit front, Abode is 100 percent committed to bringing that functionality to users across our entire ecosystem of products and plan to have additional news to announce soon,” said Abode CEO Chris Carney in a press release. The Gen 2 gateway features a built-in 93db+ siren, 4G data backup (requiring a monthly plan), and a battery that’ll keep the gateway and your home security running for several hours should the power get cut. The company also offers a no-contract plan that includes three days of timeline and media storage for free. Paid plans cost $10 / month or $30 / month for longer timelines, more media, professional monitoring, and cellular backup. Starting today, Gen 1 owners can “upgrade” to the second-generation gateway for $199. Everyone else can grab it as part of a $279 kit that includes a single door or window sensor, a motion sensor, and a key fob to automatically arm / disarm your home security setup. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
COVID-19 has taken a grip on the world. On Wednesday, the World Health Organization announced we officially have a pandemic. Thursday, we learned that Broadway is suspending all shows for a month—as are many other dance organizations. Around the country, we see responses to the coronavirus.
It's led many people to ask what foods they can eat to rev up their immune system.
The immune system is complicated and relies on a host of nutrients to function optimally. Fortunately, stocking your pantry and fridge with minimally-processed, whole foods that support wellness is affordable and accessible.
Vitamin A
Heap of carrots isolated on a white background
Getty Images
Vitamin A protects the epithelium and mucus integrity of the body, which is a first-line defense against infection.
Good sources of vitamin A that have a long shelf life include carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin and winter squash. Dark leafy greens like kale, collards and turnip greens are another good choice, but you'll need to use them within a few days.
Since it's a fat-soluble vitamin, it's best to eat foods rich in vitamin A along with healthy fats like avocado, olives, nuts, seeds, olive oil, coconut oil or grass-fed butter.
• Carrots can be steamed, roasted or eaten raw. Carrot sticks paired with hummus is an easy snack that you can enjoy at home or at the studio.
• Sweet potatoes can be served raw, baked or roasted. I like to slice a sweet potato into medallions, drizzle with a bit of oil, and season with salt and pepper before roasting in a 400-degree oven until toasty.
• Canned pumpkin puree can be added to muffins or other baked goods to enjoy for breakfast or as a snack. Pumpkin is delicious in savory recipes, too.
Need a recipe to use some of that canned pumpkin you have left over from the fall? This one is a favorite with my clients and can be modified for vegan or vegetarian diets.
Vitamin C
Tasty citrus fruits on white background
Getty Images
The body relies on vitamin C to launch an effective immune response. Since it's also necessary to build collagen and a number of hormones, it's important to eat foods rich in vitamin C daily. Citrus fruits, broccoli, strawberries and potatoes are all rich sources of vitamin C.
Oranges, grapefruit and tangerines are known as rich sources of vitamin C. What you may not know is that they also contain a host of bioflavonoids that support health, including rutin. Studies show that rutin has the potential for increasing immune activity.
I recommend dancers eat the whole fruit rather than opt for citrus juices. The fiber in the flesh feeds friendly bacteria in your gut that support your immune system. The pith (the spongy white part of the peel) is a source of bioflavonoids, a rich source of fiber, and can have as much vitamin C as the flesh.
Most citrus fruits can be stored at room temperature, or in a refrigerator for up to three weeks. Mandarins and tangerines are best refrigerated.
Fresh isn't always best. Broccoli and strawberries both have a short shelf-life. Their frozen counterparts offer nutritious, cost-effective options. Commercially frozen produce will keep safely in the freezer anywhere from three to 12 months.
• Broccoli can be served as a side or incorporated into stir-fries.
• Frozen strawberries can be eaten on their own or blended into smoothies for a quick breakfast.
Vitamin D
Wicker tray with raw brown chicken eggs on white background
Getty Images
There have been multiple studies that report low vitamin D levels are associated with increased risk of infection. The good news is we can produce our own vitamin D with adequate sun exposure. The bad news is most people don't get adequate sun exposure.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, typically found in foods that are natural fat sources. Shelf-stable options include fatty fish like canned tuna, canned mackerel and canned salmon. It's interesting to note that vitamin D levels in animal products can vary greatly depending on the animal's sun exposure.
Egg yolks are a source of vitamin D, especially when they come from hens that are allowed to spend their days foraging in the sun. Enjoy the whole egg, not just the yolk, scrambled, fried or in baked goods.
• Hard boiled eggs are easy to pack for meals away from home or can be sliced and added to salads or soups for an extra source of vitamin D, protein, and other essential nutrients.
• Eggs can last three to five weeks in the fridge.
Whole-milk dairy products are another natural source of vitamin D. Fortified cereals, milk alternatives and orange juice are vegetarian options.
Selenium
brazil nuts
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Selenium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in immune responses. Brazil nuts are one of the best sources of selenium and are shelf-stable. Brazil nuts are so rich in selenium, it's recommended to limit intake to just a couple nuts a day to prevent toxicity. Alternately, you can enjoy one ounce (six to eight nuts) a couple times a week.
Other shelf-stable sources of selenium include enriched pasta, whole grain cereals, oatmeal, brown rice and sunflower seeds.
• Brown rice takes longer to cook than white rice, so you may consider making a double batch and freezing the extras for later. You can keep cooked rice in the freezer for up to a month.
• Brown rice can be added to salads, wraps or soups. It can even be served for breakfast topped with a fried egg for a savory version, or a bit of pure maple syrup for a sweet start to the day.
Zinc
Assortment of colorful legumes
Getty Images
Zinc affects multiple aspects of the immune system. It's found in legumes, nuts, seeds and whole grains. Though these foods are shelf-stable, it's harder for the body to access zinc from them due to a plant compound called phytic acid.
• Soaking legumes overnight can reduce phytate content.
• Sprouting seeds, grains and legumes causes phytate degradation.
Red meat is an excellent source of zinc that's readily available to the body, but not shelf-stable. Consider freezing a bit of meat to have available as a source of zinc and other nutrients.
• Just 100 grams (3.5 ounces) of raw ground beef provide 44 percent of your recommended zinc requirement.
• Pork, lamb and shellfish are other good sources of zinc.
Meat should be an accent to meals rather than a centerpiece. Ground beef can be cooked in advance and added to soups or sauces which can be eaten now or frozen for later. If you didn't grab that chili recipe earlier, here it is. Each serving provides 55 percent of the recommended daily intake for zinc and leftovers can be frozen for up to two months.
Dark chocolate is a sweet treat with benefits. A 100-gram (3.5 ounce) bar provides 30 percent of the daily value for zinc.
• Choose chocolate that is 70-85 percent cacao.
• Consider adding dark chocolate chips to muffins or trail mix in place of other sweet add-ins.
Other Health-Supporting Foods
Not all health benefits come from vitamins and minerals. Plants offer thousands of compounds called phytochemicals that are proving to be beneficial to health and may even have medicinal properties. Here are a few honorable mentions that I recommend adding to your shelf-stable supplies.
Garlic
Though it's not a cure-all, this bulb commonly found in many world cuisines adds flavor and health benefits to your meals. Research indicates that garlic may increase the immune system's natural killer cells, reduce inflammation and can decrease certain pathogens. Garlic can be enjoyed either cooked or raw.
Grape Juice
Generally speaking, I recommend eating the whole fruit (or vegetable) rather than drinking the juice. I make an exception for grape juice. Not only is it shelf-stable, drinking grape juice regularly has been shown to benefit immunity.
Ginger
Ginger can be used in sweet or savory dishes. A strong cup of ginger tea can relieve a congested cough or warm you up should you get chills from a fever. Ginger has been shown to reduce inflammatory pain.
Ginger Tea:
1. Grate or finely mince one tablespoon of fresh ginger and place in a cup.
2. Pour one cup of boiling water into the mug. Let it steep for 15 minutes.
3. Sweeten with honey, if desired.
Pro-Tips
• Wash your hands thoroughly before preparing or eating any food.
• Wash the all produce before cutting or peeling to avoid introducing germs to the flesh.
• Choose citrus fruits that feel heavy for their size, which is a good indicator of juiciness. Don't throw away the peel before eating the pith.
• When buying root vegetables, choose those that have the greens still attached when possible. Carrot, beet and radish greens are all edible and great sources of nutrition. Remove the greens before storing to maximize shelf-life.
• Remember to include freezer items, especially produce, as part of your well-stocked kitchen.
• When it comes to juice, choose grape juice for immune support.
• Keep a supply of herbs and spices on hand to flavor foods and bolster nutrition.
Latest Posts
Studio Bleu students Jaxon Keller, Samantha Halker and Alia Wiggins. Photos by Chris Stark
How Turning Boards and Practice Mats Can Revolutionize Your Dance Training
When it comes to equipment, dancers don't need much—just shoes and whatever can fit in their dance bag. But between rehearsals in the studio and performances on stage, one major piece of equipment often goes overlooked—the floor.
Dancers too often find themselves warming up on the concrete or carpet backstage, or wanting to practice in a location without a proper floor. For years, Harlequin Floors has offered a solution to this problem with its innovative turning board, offering a portable and personal floor that can be flipped between marley and wood. Now, they've revolutionized portability again with their practice mat, offering dancers the option to roll up their own personal floor and sling it over their shoulders like a yoga mat.
We spoke with experts from every corner of the dance industry to see how Harlequin's products have become their everyday essentials:
GO DEEPER SHOW LESS | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Tsakos Energy Navigation: How To Play $20 Oil
By Blue Harbinger :
"Here Comes $20 Oil." That was the headline in Barron's this weekend. The article cited the supply side (US fracking and full tilt production from Saudi Arabia and Russia) as the main driver for low oil prices . With that in mind, Tsakos Energy Navigation ( TNP ) is a seaborne oil transportation and storage company that makes more money when oil prices are low and supply is high.
We believe Tsakos has inappropriately sold off because it's a Greek company and it gets lumped in with dissimilar shipping stocks as well (we'll show both of these statistically). Specifically, Tsakos should not have sold off as much with the Greek crisis in recent years because the Greek constitution and government exempt it from paying significant taxes on its international profits, and also because its business is unique compared to other shippers. In our view, both of these have contributed to Tsakos being undervalued in the market.
Additionally, TNP is increasingly profitable, its price-to-earnings is near historical lows, and its assets alone are worth nearly three times its current market valuation. We believe the company's common and preferred shares offer attractive dividend yields, attractive risk-to-reward profiles, and dramatic price appreciation potential.
(click to enlarge)
(Data source:Revenue,oil)
About Tsakos
Tsakos Energy Navigation is a Greek company (Athens) that trades on the New York Stock Exchange. It is a provider of international seaborne crude oil and petroleum product transportation services. According to the company's website , Tsakos:
Unlike many other industries and companies, TNP's profitability tends to increase when oil prices are low. Additionally, Tsakos benefits from the current oversupply of crude oil around the world because it increases demand for the storage capacity on its ships. According to Barron's , the cost of chartering a crude oil carrier has recently soared as high as $80,000 per day when it was only $20,000 per day in late 2014. Also worth noting, the Greek Constitution of 1967 exempts Greek shipping companies (including Tsakos) from paying taxes on international earnings (this is an important point that we will discuss later).
Correlations
The following table shows the correlation between the price of Tsakos common stock and a variety of other variables such as oil prices, the S&P 500, stocks of the European Monetary Union, and other shipping companies, to name a few (the data is from the beginning of 2013 through the end of last week):
(click to enlarge)
(Data source:Yahoo Finance)
The first thing to notice in the table is the strong negative correlation between the price of oil and the price of Tsakos. The negative correlation makes sense given the nature of Tsakos' business (it makes more money when oil is cheap). Also worth noting, there is a strong positive relationship between Tsakos and the S&P 500, the Eurozone, and a global shipping index (more on these important relationships later). And, for your reference, we also included a variety of other companies (not surprisingly, there is a strong positive relationship between the price of oil and Transocean ( RIG ) (an oil driller), as well as a strong negative relationship between the price of oil and Valero ( VLO ) (an oil refiner)).
Regression Analysis
To dig deeper into the relationships identified in the correlation table above, we ran a linear regression with Tsakos as the dependent variable, and the independent variables included oil, the S&P 500, the Eurozone and shipping companies. What we found is that these independent variables are statistically significant (t-Stats above two, very low P-values) and they are useful in explaining a large portion of Tsakos' stock price (89% R-square).
(click to enlarge)
(Data source:Yahoo Finance)
Tsakos Vs. The S&P 500
As expected, the S&P 500 explains a significant portion of the variability in Tsakos' stock price. This is common for most NYSE stocks, especially when governments and central bankers are more involved in the market (when this is the case, stocks tend to move much more on macroeconomic news than on stock-specific news). We also believe this has contributed to Tsakos being undervalued by the market because the company has sold off more than its individual fundamentals warrant (more on this later). For reference, the S&P 500 is down nearly 10% this year, and TNP (with a beta of around 2) is down significantly more.
Oil And Tsakos
As discussed previously, the inverse relationship between oil and Tsakos makes sense. Tsakos' profits go up when oil prices go down because more people want to use TNP's ships for storage (not to mention the cost to operate its ships goes down). We believe oil prices will stay "low for longer" thanks to technological advances (e.g. fracking, oil sands, deepwater drilling). The Barron's article referenced in our intro suggests oil may fall as low as $20 per barrel in the first half of 2016. But the point is that we believe market forces will keep oil low for longer, and this benefits Tsakos enormously, yet its stock price isn't yet reflecting this benefit (more on valuation later).
Eurozone And Greek Austerity
Tsakos also has a strong positive relationship with the Eurozone. To test this, we used the iShares MSCI EMU ETF (EZU) in our correlation table and in our regression model. The relationship between Tsakos and the Eurozone is strongly positive and statistically significant. We believe this is an important consideration because Tsakos sells off when the Eurozone sells off, and this should not necessarily be the case. TNP's profitability is not nearly as dependent on Eurozone as other Eurozone companies because of its large global customer base.
(click to enlarge)
(Source:Investor presentation)
Further, Tsakos is exempted from paying significant taxes on international profits by the Greek constitution and government. And if taxes were to increase significantly, the company (and other shippers) could easily relocate (something they frequently threaten). To a large extent, this means Greek austerity should not impact Tsakos as much as other Greek/Eurozone companies, and TNP should not sell off as much every time the Greek crisis flares up, but it does. We believe this dynamic causes Tsakos to be undervalued (more on valuation later). For reference, the Eurozone has dramatically underperformed the S&P 500 over the last five years.
Shipping Companies
There is also a strong, statistically significant correlation between the price of Tsakos and other shipping companies as measured by the Dow Jones Global Shipping Index (we used ticker [[SEA]] to test this). This should not necessarily be the case because of the uniqueness of Tsakos' business. Other shipping companies ship a variety of non-petroleum related products. However, because TNP gets lumped in with other shippers, it sells off right along with them. We believe this is another contributor to Tsakos being undervalued by the market (i.e. because of TNP's uniqueness, it should not have sold off right along with other shippers).
Price-To-Earnings (P/E): On a P/E basis, Tsakos is cheap. As of year-end, the P/E was 6.9 times, and it currently sits around 3.6 times. The following charts show TNP's historical revenues, net income, price, P/E and the price of oil:
(click to enlarge)
(Data source:YCharts)
(click to enlarge)
(Data source:Yahoo Finance)
(click to enlarge)
Despite Tsakos' recent growth in quarterly revenues and net income, the share price and P/E sit near historically low levels (note: the historical prices have been adjusted for dividends and stock splits). Worth noting, its net income has turned sharply positive over the last year, whereas the net income of some of its peers (i.e. Aegean Marine ( ANW ) and Nordic American ( NAT )) still remains relatively smaller. Additionally, Tsakos' P/E (3.6x) is more attractive than these same peers (9.8x and 11.9x, respectively).
(click to enlarge)
(Data source:Google Finance)
Price To Net Assets: On a price-to-net-asset basis, Tsakos is very attractive. Its current market value is only one-third of the value of its net assets (assets minus liabilities). Tsakos' management acknowledges this apparent mispricing on page 5 of its most recent annual report :
If the company trades at simply the value of its net assets, it would trade at over $15 per share, roughly three times its current stock price.
Regression Valuation: As another method of gauging Tsakos' relative value, we can simply plug in the current market prices of the variables in our regression model above. The result is just a rough estimate (remember the R-square is 88%), but even by this model, Tsakos has 20% upside versus its current stock price.
High Dividend Yields: Tsakos' Common And Preferred Stock
Worth noting, in addition to the common stock, Tsakos offers preferred shares as detailed in the table below. The preferred shares have impressive dividend yields, and potentially may be redeemed at $25 per share within the next 2.5 to 4.5 years.
(Data source:Yield Hunter)
We believe Tsakos will remain a going concern (it won't default on its debt or preferred share payments), and its common and preferred shares have dramatic price appreciation potential.
Risks: Tsakos faces a variety of risks. Some of the more significant risks are described below.
High Debt Levels: High debt levels pose a risk for Tsakos. While the company has worked to bring its debt under control in recent years (by issuing more equity and retiring some debt), the company's high debt load increases risk.
(Source:Google Finance)
As mentioned previously, we believe TNP will remain a going concern (i.e. it won't default on its debts). Additionally, the fact that the company has been able to raise additional capital in recent years via equity offers suggests those equity owners have faith in its future earnings power.
Oil Prices: A sharp increase in oil prices would likely result in less demand for Tsakos tankers. For example, speculators using TNP's ships for storage would likely sell their reserves quickly, thus reducing demand for Tsakos' ships. Generally, the price of oil can be as unpredictable as it is volatile, but Tsakos has the ability to be strongly profitable even when oil prices average as high as $72 per barrel as they did during the fourth quarter of 2014 (TNP had over $13 million in profits during that quarter, and continued to pay its dividends as well).
Tax Law Changes: Tax law changes are another risk faced by Tsakos. For example, Greece could change its constitution to allow for taxation of Tsakos' international profits. While this seems unlikely, anything is possible given the level of distress in the Greek economy. As another example, the executive branch of the US federal government recently proposed a $10 per barrel tax on oil. While this proposal was promptly rejected by the legislative branch, any future tax changes could have unintended consequences in the market.
Excess Capacity: Tsakos' new ships under construction pose the risk of excess capacity. Too much transportation and storage capacity (whether from Tsakos or competitors) could reduce profitability in the industry.
Analyst Ratings
Worth noting, Tsakos tends to be highly rated among brokerage firms. For example, the following table from TNP's most recent investor presentation demonstrates the Street's opinion of the stock.
Also worth noting, the company's stock price has recently come down significantly since these rating were released, potentially making now an even more attractive entry point from a valuation standpoint.
Conclusion
We like Tsakos. It makes money when oil prices are low and supply is high (i.e. current market conditions). Its net income has been ramping up in recent quarters, but its stock price has not. We believe oil prices will stay low for longer due to the technological advances (e.g. fracking, oil sands, and deepwater drilling). However, Tsakos has demonstrated the ability to be profitable at considerably higher oil prices. Additionally, we believe the stock has been unfairly beaten up for being part of the Greek/Eurozone drama and because it gets lumped in (and inappropriately sells off) with other shipping stocks. We believe the common and preferred shares offer attractive dividend yields, attractive risk-to-reward profiles, and dramatic price appreciation potential.
See also Aeropostale Executes Spring 2016: Too Little Too Late? on seekingalpha.com
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Vincent Desmond
Vincent Desmond is a Lagos-based Nigerian LGBTQ advocate, and writer. He is also the chief-editor and publisher of A Nasty Boy fashion magazine, founded by Richard Akuson, a Nigerian journalist and lawyer in February 2017.
Desmond has written for print and online magazines. He was previously a writer at BellaNaija and an editor at Zikoko, a youth culture publication in Nigeria.
Personal life
Desmond is openly queer.
In 2020, he shared his view on childbirth and parenting on his micro blogging site: "'My beef with having kids is that I think having kids is an inherently very selfish thing. Selfish on the part of the parents because you're bringing in a whole human and forcing them to live and participate in life and society. And for what? Bragging rights? Because you feel it's time.'"
Awards
In 2020, he was awarded the Young Trailblazer of the Year by TIERS Nigeria.
In 2021, he was listed among "The 150 Most Interesting Nigerians in Culture in 2019" by RED Media Africa, and was nominated for The Future Awards Africa Prize For Leading Conversation. | WIKI |
Victims and Witnesses (Scotland) Act 2014
The Victims and Witnesses (Scotland) Act 2014 is an Act of the Scottish Parliament which passed through the legislative body in 2013 and received Royal Assent on 17 January 2014. It brought into law a number of changes to modify the experience victims and witnesses have within Scotland's justice system.
This Act made provisions for:
* creating a duty for justice organisations to set clear standards of service for victims and witnesses
* giving victims and witnesses new rights to certain information about their case
* improving support for vulnerable witnesses in court – for example, changing the definition of 'child witness' to include all those under 18 (instead of under 16), and creating a presumption that certain categories of victim are vulnerable, and giving such victims the right to utilise certain special measures when giving evidence
* introducing a victim surcharge so that offenders contribute to the cost of supporting victims
* introducing restitution orders, allowing the court to require that offenders who assault police officers pay to support the specialist non-NHS services which assist in the recovery of such individuals
* allowing victims to make oral representations about the release of life sentence prisoners.
History
The Bill creating the Act was introduced to Parliament on 13 February 2013 by Kenny MacAskill MSP and received Royal Assent on 17 January 2014, creating the Victims and Witnesses (Scotland) Act 2014. Parts of the Act came into force the following day, 18 January 2014, with the remainder being introduced gradually between August 2014 and September 2015, although the Act does not yet apply to cases in Justice of the Peace courts. | WIKI |
Willis Lavone CREECH, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Scott FRAUENHEIM, Respondent-Appellee.
No. 13-16709.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Argued and Submitted Dec. 11, 2014.
Filed Aug. 31, 2015.
Paul McCarthy (argued), and Robert J. Beles (argued), Law Offices of Robert J. Beles, Oakland, CA, for Petitioner-Appellant.
Jill M. Thayer (argued), Deputy Attorney General, Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General of California, Gerald' A. Engler, Senior Assistant Attorney General, and Gregory A. Ott, Deputy Attorney General, California Attorney General’s Office, San Francisco, CA, for Respondenb-Appellee.
Before: A. WALLACE TASHIMA and RICHARD A. PAEZ, Circuit Judges and FREDERIC BLOCK, Senior District Judge.
The Honorable Frederic Block, Senior District Judge for the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York, sitting by designation.
. The factual background is drawn from the testimony given at trial.
OPINION
PAEZ, Circuit Judge:
Willis Lavone Creech appeals the district court’s denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 habeas petition challenging his convictions for assault with a firearm and child endangerment. He challenges his convictions on the basis of alleged violations of his Fourteenth Amendment Due Process rights. Creech also challenges his sentence under California’s determinate sentencing law as a violation of his Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial. We hold that it was not unreasonable for the California Court of Appeal to conclude that there was sufficient evidence for a rational trier of fact to convict Creech of the assault with a firearm and child endangerment charges. We also hold that it was not contrary to or an • unreasonable application of clearly established Supreme Court law to conclude that California’s revised determinate sentencing law, which provides trial courts with discretion to decide among three sentences, is constitutional under Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 490, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm. -
I. Facts and Procedural History
A. Events and Convictions at Issue
Creech and his wife, Reanna, have a four-year-old daughter, Sofia, and a three-year-old son, Zachary. One evening in September 2007, Creech and Reanna had an argument because Creech told Reanna he had obtained a shotgun. Reanna decided to leave him that night. A few weeks later, she took the kids to her father’s house in Napa. Several days later, Creech and Reanna spoke on the phone. She told him the kids were at her father’s and suggested that they talk another time to arrange for Creech to see them.
Later that night, Creech went to Reanna’s father’s house and asked him if he could see the children. Creech’s father-in-law said “no.” When Reanna returned to her father’s home later that night, she saw Creech waiting there and drove away. He followed her. A highway patrol officer stopped Reanna for “driving 15 miles an hour in a 45.” Reanna, who had been crying, explained to the officer the circumstances with Creech and their kids. At the time she was pulled over, Reanna was on the phone with the sheriffs department. Creech had contacted the police department and explained that he was trying to get in contact with his children, and that he had been “threatened off [his father-in-law’s] property.” The patrol officer told Reanna that, because Creech was the only custodial parent at her father’s house, she had to go back to hér father’s, otherwise Creech would be allowed to take the children. Reanna decided to return to her father’s house.
Creech testified at trial that he was angry with his father-in-law for not allowing him to see his children. So, he decided to return the following morning to shoot at and damage his house. He grabbed bird shot ammunition because “shooting through things ... wasn’t [his] intent.”
Late that morning, Reanna, who was at her father’s house, heard a “solid thud.” She looked outside and saw Creech holding a shotgun about fifteen to twenty feet away from the house. Reanna shouted to her stepsister, Jennifer Curry, to grab Sofia. Jennifer saw glass flying everywhere. Jennifer also looked out of a window and saw Creech standing about fifteen to thirty feet away, aiming his shotgun and tracking her and Sofia with the barrel of the gun. Reanna grabbed Zachary and went to the downstairs bathroom, and Jennifer and Sofia joined them. Juliane Rush, Reanna’s stepmother, heard a “very loud pop” from the front of the house. She saw Creech standing about fifteen feet away from the front door.
Creech’s account of the shooting differed in material respects. He testified at trial that, when he arrived at his father-in-law’s house, the gate was locked, which he thought meant nobody was home. He did not see any cars that he recognized, but he did see an SUV and a silver Jetta. He did not hear or see anyone inside the house. He testified that he was forty or fifty feet away from the house while he was shooting. Creech did not see or hear anything while he was shooting. Creech testified that he has “horrible” vision, and that he did not wear his glasses that day. After the shooting, he went to his parents’ house, ingested a bottle of pills, and was taken to the hospital.
Officers arrived at the Napa house minutes after the shooting, but Creech had left. They found three shells in front of the house. There were many very small perforations in the front door, and the outer pane of the double-paned window in the upper portion of the door was broken. Both layers of a double-paned window in the study were also broken.
Creech was tried and convicted in Napa County Superior Court of multiple counts of assault with a firearm, CaLPenal Code § 245(a), shooting at an inhabited dwelling, CaLPenal Code § 246, and felony child endangerment, CaLPenal Code § 273a(a).
A forensic expert, Dr. John Thornton testified at trial. Among other tests, he performed ballistic gelatin testing “to mimic the behavior expected from human flesh ... if a human body was shot with that projectile.” He performed these tests “without glass at a distance of 45 feet ... [his] best approximation of the distance between the cluster of shotgun shells in front of the door and the door.” From this test, he opined that “there would be a minimum of an inch and a half of penetration into flesh.” With dual-paned glass, no pellets permeated the gel from 45 feet. Dr. Thornton did not perform tests at any other distance.
In addition to the gelatin testing results, Dr. Thornton also stated other opinions based on the location of the shell casings and particle dispersion. First, he opined that the shots to the door were fired from between forty and fifty feet away, while the shot to the window was fired from twenty feet away. Second, he opined that there were lead pellets in the debris collected from the study. Third, he explained that the bullet “we’re speaking of is on the small side. It’s intended for small birds.”
Dr. Norris, a forensic science consultant, also testified at trial. He estimated that Creech shot the door and the window from the same distance, about fifty feet away at all times.
Ultimately, the jury convicted Creech of multiple counts of assault with a firearm, child endangerment, and shooting at an inhabited dwelling, with firearm use enhancements, CaLPenal Code § 12022.5. At the sentencing hearing in July 2008, the trial court explained that, in determining prison time, it was required to “selectf] [among] the upper, middle or lower term” available. It stated that it must “exercise its discretion” and “consider circumstances in aggravation and mitigation when making that decision.” The court found “numerous circumstances in aggravation,” including “threat of great bodily harm and a high degree of cruelty and callousness,” particularly vulnerable victims, “planning and sophistication,” and “violent conduct.” Further, the trial court found very few mitigating circumstances, although it did find satisfactory probation performance and a limited prior criminal record. The court, in exercising its discretion, imposed the upper term on the child endangerment and assault with a firearm convictions. After applying statutory enhancements for use of a firearm and determining that the sentence for several counts should be served consecutively and others concurrently, the court imposed an effective sentence of thirty-one years and four months.
B. Court of Appeal Opinion
Creech appealed. The California Court of Appeal addressed both questions at issue here, namely Creech’s Due Process challenge of the sufficiency of the evidence to convict him of assault with a firearm and child endangerment, and his Sixth Amendment challenge to his sentence. In affirming Creech’s convictions, the court reasoned that the inquiry for assault with a firearm focuses on the ability to inflict injury, rather than whether, given the circumstances, injury could have been the “instantaneous result of the defendant’s conduct.” Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, it held that the jury could “reasonably infer from the evidence that Creech had the present ability to inflict injury on Jennifer, Sofia and Juliane.” Regarding the child endangerment convictions, the court of appeal found “substantial evidence that Creech’s conduct endangered his children under circumstances likely to produce great bodily harm or death.” In so concluding, the court rejected Creech’s argument that the prosecution failed to proffer evidence that the shotgun pellets could have penetrated Sofia’s and Zachary’s skin.
In rejecting Creech’s Sixth Amendment challenge to his sentence, the court noted that in response to the Supreme Court’s 2007 decision in Cunningham v. California, 549 U.S. 270, 127 S.Ct. 856, 166 L.Ed.2d 856 (2007), the state legislature had revised the determinate sentencing law to give trial judges discretion in selecting among three possible prison terms. It further noted that the California Supreme Court held in People v. Sandoval, 41 Cal.4th 825, 62 Cal.Rptr.3d 588, 161 P.3d 1146 (2007), that the change in the law corrected the Sixth Amendment deficiency addressed in Cunningham. Although Creech argues that the post-Cunningham sentencing system under which he was sentenced did not comply with Apprendi and its progeny, he acknowledged before the court of appeal the California Supreme Court’s decision in Sandoval. Noting that it was bound by Sandoval, the court of appeal did “not further address th[e] issue.”
The California Supreme Court denied Creech’s petition for review.
C. District Court Proceedings
Creech next filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. He again raised the same two federal constitutional claims that he litigated in state court: 1) evidentiary insufficiency in violation of his due process rights under the Fourteenth Amendment, and 2) improper judicial fact finding at sentencing in violation of his Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial.
The district court denied Creech’s habeas petition. In rejecting the evidentiary sufficiency claims, the district court concluded that Creech could not meet the “twice-deferential standard” applied to such claims under Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979), and the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (“AED-PA”). The court held that it was not unreasonable for the court of appeal to conclude that a rational jury could find beyond a reasonable doubt that Creech had the present ability to inflict injury, or that Creech’s perceptions would have alerted a reasonable person to the presence of people in the home. The court therefore rejected Creech’s challenge to his convictions for assault with a firearm and child endangerment.
Turning to Creech’s Sixth Amendment claim, the court noted that it had previously addressed and rejected “an identical habeas argument” in McCowan v. Marshall, No. C 10-0473 CRB PR, 2011 WL 1544490 (N.D.Cal. Apr. 25, 2011), and that it continued to adhere to that decision.
II. Standard of Review
We review de novo a district court’s denial of a § 2254 habeas petition. Hurles v. Ryan, 752 F.3d 768, 777 (9th Cir.2014). A petitioner is entitled to habeas relief under AEDPA only if the state court’s decision “was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court,” or if it was based an “unreasonable determination of the facts.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d); Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362, 407-09, 120 S.Ct. 1495, 146 L.Ed.2d 389 (2000). Here, Creech challenges his convictions and sentence under AEDPA’s “contrary to” and “unreasonable application” prongs. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1).
We analyze the court of appeal’s decision because it is the last reasoned state court decision. See Van Lynn v. Farmon, 347 F.3d 735, 738 (9th Cir.2003).
III. Due Process Claims
“[T]he Due Process Clause protects the accused against conviction except upon proof beyond a reasonable doubt of every fact necessary to constitute the crime with which he is charged.” In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358, 364, 90 S.Ct. 1068, 25 L.Ed.2d'368 (1970). The inquiry for such a claim is'whether “upon the record evidence adduced at the trial no rational trier of fact could have found proof of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.” Jackson, 443 U.S. at 324, 99 S.Ct. 2781; see also Juan H. v. Allen, 408 F.3d 1262, 1274 (9th Cir. 2005). The Supreme Court has labeled this standard a “twice-deferential standard” under AEDPA. Parker v. Matthews, -U.S.-, 132 S.Ct. 2148, 2152, 183 L.Ed.2d 32 (2012) (per curiam); see also Boyer v. Belleque, 659 F.3d 957, 964-65 (9th Cir.2011) (explaining that Jackson’s
standard is deferential, and the state court’s application of Jackson must be “objectively unreasonable” to grant habeas relief). And, “[although our sufficiency of the evidence review is grounded in the Fourteenth Amendment, we undertake the inquiry with reference to the elements of the criminal offense as set forth by state law.” Juan H„ 408 F.3d at 1275.
Here, based upon the evidence presented at trial, it was not unreasonable for the state court to determine that a rational trier of fact could have found proof of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt of Creech’s assault and child endangerment convictions. Thus, the state court decision was not contrary to or an objectively unreasonable application of Jackson.
A. Assault Convictions
Creech was convicted of assault with a firearm under California Penal Code section 245(a)(2): “Any person who commits an assault upon the person of another with a firearm shall be punished.... ” The Code defines assault as “an unlawful attempt, coupled with present ability, to commit a violent injury on the person of another.” Id. § 240.
Present ability to injure under California law exists when a defendant “has attained the means and location to strike immediately.” People v. Chance, 44 Cal.4th 1164, 1174, 81 Cal.Rptr.3d 723, 189 P.3d 971 (2008). An intended victim’s “effective steps to avoid injury ha[ve] never been held to negate this present ability.” Id; see also People v. Raviart, 93 Cal. App.4th 258, 267, 112 Cal.Rptr.2d 850 (2007) (holding that “the fact that [the target] may have been sheltered, in whole or in part, by [a] building did not preclude [a] jury from finding defendant had the present ability to injure him”). Further, present ability does not require actually pointing the weapon in someone’s direction, as “[t]hat degree of immediacy is not necessary.” Chance, 44 Cal.4th at 1176, 81 Cal.Rptr.3d 723, 189 P.3d 971. However, “[a]bsent any evidence that the gun was loaded, or that [a defendant] attempted or threatened to use it as a bludgeon, there [i]s no proof of assault with a firearm.” People v. Bekele, 33 Cal.App.4th 1457, 1463, 39 Cal.Rptr.2d 797 (1995), disapproved of on other grounds by People v. Rodriguez, 20 Cal.4th 1, 13-14, 82 Cal. Rptr.2d 413, 971 P.2d 618 (1999).
Creech argues that there was insufficient evidence to satisfy the- present ability element because his gun was loaded with bird shot, which could not have injured anyone inside the house. He argues that there was no evidence that the bird shot entered the house, and no evidence that, if the pellets entered the house, they would have carried enough force to strike a person.
California’s appellate courts have encountered arguments similar to Creech’s. In People v. Valdez, the defendant shot at a gas station attendant who was not hit by the bullet because he was behind bulletproof glass. 175 Cal.App.3d 103, 107, 220 Cal.Rptr. 538 (1985). Valdez argued that the bulletproof glass negated his present ability to apply physical force required for assault with a firearm. Id. at 108, 220 Cal.Rptr. 538. The court explained that “[o]nce a defendant has attained the means and location to strike immediately he has the ‘present ability to injure.’ ” Id. at 113, 220 Cal.Rptr. 538. Further, “the fact an intended victim takes effective steps to avoid injury has never been held to negate this ‘present ability.’ ” Id.; see also Chance, 44 Cal.4th at 1173-74, 81 Cal. Rptr.3d 723, 189 P.3d 971 (adopting this interpretation as “sound”). Because Valdez had a loaded gun that was fully operational, because he actually fired three times in the victim’s direction, and because the victim was “easily within striking distance,” the court had “no difficulty finding what appellant did indeed satisfied this element.” Valdez, 175 Cal.App.3d at 113, 220 Cal.Rptr. 538.
The .court of appeal’s discussion of Creech’s actions is consistent with Valdez and Chance. The court held that there was sufficient evidence to convict Creech of assault with a firearm. Taking the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, the court noted that Creech had attained the means and location “to inflict serious injury ... when he fired his shotgun at his father-in-law’s home while he was standing 45 feet from the door.” It reasoned that all those who were inside the house were in harm’s way during the shooting, and it was “providential,” rather than determinative, that no one was hurt. Further, there was evidence that bird shot is capable of penetrating human tissue, and therefore the court rejected the analogy to the unloaded gun cases. See, e.g., Chance, 44 Cal.4th at 1172 n. 7, 81 Cal. Rptr.3d 723, 189 P.3d 971 (stating that “assault cannot be committed with [an] unloaded gun, unless the weapon is used as bludgeon”). Creech, the court concluded, had the present ability to injure Jennifer, Sofia, and Juliane. Thus, it was not objectively unreasonable for the court of appeal to conclude that there was sufficient evidence adduced at trial to prove present ability. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 324, 99 S.Ct. 2781; Parker, 132 S.Ct. at 2152.
Creech also argues that there was insufficient evidence to show that “[w]hen [Creech] acted, [he] was aware of facts that would lead a reasonable person to realize that [his] act by its nature would directly and probably result in the application of force to someone.” Judicial Council of Cal. Crim. Jury Insts. No. 875 (“CALCRIM”); see also People v. Wyatt, 48 Cal.4th 776, 779, 108 Cal.Rptr.3d 259, 229 P.3d 156 (2010) (explaining this “reasonable person” requirement). He points to the locked gate, the absence of cars that were normally there, and the lack of any movement in or near the home. However, he testified that he saw cars at his father-in-law’s home on the morning of the shooting. Further, as the district court noted, he took “no steps to ascertain that the house was unoccupied.” Failing to take any such steps may have been particularly unreasonable given that Creech knew he had poor vision and did not wear his glasses that day. Therefore, it was not unreasonable for the court of appeal to conclude that there was sufficient evidence for a rational juror to find that a reasonable person would have been alerted to the presence of people in the home.
In sum, it was neither contrary to nor an unreasonable application of clearly established Supreme Court law for the court of appeal to hold that there was sufficient evidence for a rational factfinder to convict Creech on each count of assault with a firearm.
B. Child Endangerment Convictions
California Penal Code section 273a(a) defines child endangerment as follows:
Any person who, under circumstances or conditions likely to produce great bodily harm or death, wilfully causes or permits any child to suffer, or inflicts thereon unjustifiable physical pain or mental suffering, or having the care or custody of any child, willfully causes or permits the person or health of that child to be injured, or willfully causes or permits that child to be placed in a situation where his or her person or health is endangered, shall be punished----
Child endangerment “can occur in a wide variety of situations: the definition broadly includes both active and passive conduct, i.e., child abuse by direct assault and child endangering by extreme neglect.” People v. Valdez, 27 Cal.4th 778, 784, 118 Cal. Rptr.2d 3, 42 P.3d 511 (2002). This statute is “intended to protect a child from an abusive situation in which the probability of serious injury is great,” but there is no requirement that great bodily injury actually result. Id.
Creech’s primary argument regarding the child endangerment convictions is that it is harder to prove “great bodily harm or death” than it is to prove the elements of assault, which he maintains the prosecution failed to do. As we rejected his challenge to the firearm assault convictions, this argument does nothing to advance his challenge to the child endangerment convictions. Additionally, Creech argues that there was insufficient evidence to prove that the bird shot could have penetrated the house to reach the children. As with the assault charges, it was not necessary to prove that the children were actually injured; all that the prosecution had to establish was a likelihood of great bodily harm. We agree with the court of appeal that the evidence was sufficient to establish this element of the offense. As the state court explained, the prosecution was not required to offer evidence that the pellets could have penetrated Sofia’s or Zachary’s skin. Sofia was “in the study when Creech shot out its seven-foot wide window.” As to Zachary, the jury could “reasonably infer that [he] could have been seriously injured had one of the shotgun blasts broken the sidelight window of the front door.”
Thus, we conclude that it was neither contrary to nor an unreasonable application of clearly established Supreme Court law for the court of appeal to conclude that there was sufficient evidence for a rational factfinder to convict Creech of child endangerment.
IV. Sixth Amendment Claim
Under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments, “any fact [except for a prior conviction] that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.” Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 490, 120 S.Ct. 2348. Under Apprendi, the statutory maximum is “the maximum sentence a judge may impose solely on the basis of the facts reflected in the jury verdict or admitted by the defendant.” Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296, 303, 124 S.Ct. 2531, 159 L.Ed.2d 403 (2004) (emphasis in original). But, “when a trial judge exercises his discretion to select a specific sentence within a defined range, the defendant has no right to a jury determination of the facts that the judge deems relevant.” United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 233, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005).
In Cunningham, the Supreme Court addressed whether California’s then existing determinate sentencing law satisfied the requirements described in Apprendi, Blakely, and Booker. Under California’s pre-Cunningham determinate sentencing system, the Penal Code prescribed lower, middle, and upper term sentences for most crimes. Cunningham, 549 U.S. at 277, 127 S.Ct. 856 (citing Cal.Penal Code § 288.5(a) (West 1999) (stating that a person convicted of continuous sexual abuse of a child “shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a term of 6,12, or 16 years”)). California Penal Code section 1170(b) (West Supp.2006) and California Judicial Council Rule 4.420(a) required a court to impose the middle term unless there were aggravating or mitigating circumstances, which the court would determine based on consideration of enumerated factors. Cunningham, 549 U.S. at 277, 127 S.Ct. 856. Rule 4.405(d) stated that “[c]ircumstances in aggravation” are “facts which justify the imposition of the upper prison term.” Id. at 278, 127 S.Ct. 856. Those facts were required to “be established by a preponderance of the evidence.” Id. (quoting Rule 4.420(b)).
The Supreme Court held that California’s system violated the Sixth Amendment. Id. at.293, 127 S.Ct. 856. The Court explained that the middle term was California’s “maximum” under Apprendi because the middle term reflected the sentence to be imposed based on a jury’s verdict without additional facts. Id. at 288, 127 S.Ct. 856. Therefore, California’s determinate sentencing regime violated the requirements outlined in Booker, Blakely, and Apprendi because the judge, not the jury, found the aggravating facts necessary to impose the upper term. Id. at 288-89, 127 S.Ct. 856. The Court recognized that other states allowed judges to “exercise broad discretion ... within a statutory range,” a solution that “encounters no Sixth Amendment shoal.” Id. at 294, 127 S.Ct. 856. However, the Court also stated that California could “otherwise alter its system, so long as the State observes Sixth Amendment limitations declared in this Court’s decisions.”’ Id.
California responded to Cunningham by passing SB 40, which amended California Penal Code sections 1170 and 1170.3. See 2007 Cal. Stat. 93. The legislature retained the three-option scheme, but “provide[d] that the choice of the appropriate term would rest within the sound discretion of the court.” Id. The amended statute instructs sentencing judges to “select the term which, in the court’s discretion, best serves the interests of justice,” and to “state the reasons for its sentence choice on the record at the time of sentencing.” Id: Cal.Rules of Court, Rule 4.420(e) (“The reasons for selecting one of the three authorized prison terms ... must be stated orally on the record.”). In selecting one of the three terms, “the sentencing judge may consider circumstances in aggravation or mitigation, and any other factor reasonably related to the sentencing decision.” CaLRules of Court, Rule 4.420(b).
Creech was sentenced under this discretionary three-option scheme. He argues that the court of appeal acted contrary to or unreasonably applied clearly established Supreme Court law when it concluded that the trial court did not violate Creech’s Sixth Amendment rights.
The California -Court of Appeal did not discuss whether the regime under which Creech was sentenced comported with the Sixth Amendment because, as it stated, it was duty bound to follow the California Supreme Court’s decision in Sandoval, 41 Cal.4th 825, 62 Cal.Rptr.3d 588, 161 P.3d 1146. There, the court held that affording the trial court “ ‘broad discretion’ in selecting among the three terms specified by the statute for the offense ... cure[s] the constitutional defect in the statute.” Id. at 843-44, 62 Cal.Rptr.3d 588, 161 P.3d 1146. It reasoned that, in line with Cunningham, such a solution would constitute “exercis[ing] broad discretion in imposing a sentence within a statutory range” for which “the defendant has no right to a-jury determination of the facts that the judge deems relevant.” Id. at 844, 62 Cal. Rptr.3d 588, 161 P.3d 1146 (quoting Booker, 543 U.S. at 233, 125 S.Ct. 738, and citing Cunningham, 549 U.S. at 294, 127 S.Ct. 856). Further, in discussing the post-Cunningham sentencing scheme, the court explained that the trial court “will be required to specify reasons for its sentencing decision, but will not be required to cite ‘facts’ that support its decision.... ” Id. at 846-47, 62 Cal.Rptr.3d 588, 161 P.3d 1146; see also Cal.Rules of Court, Rule 4.420(d)-(e).
The state court’s determination that California’s post-Cunningham revision did not violate Creech’s Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial was neither contrary to nor an unreasonable application of Cunningham, Booker, Blakely, and Apprendi. The Supreme Court stated that permitting a trial judge to exercise “discretion to select a specific sentence within a defined range” would avoid a Sixth Amendment problem. Booker, 543 U.S. at 233, 125 S.Ct. 738. This is precisely what the California legislature did. Further, the California Supreme Court’s conclusion in Sandoval that the three possible choices constitute a “range” is not contrary to or an unreasonable application of Supreme Court law. Finally, whereas the trial court was previously permitted to elevate a sentence- to the upper term based on “facts,” which violated the Sixth Amendment, see Cunningham, 549 U.S. at 274, 127 S.Ct. 856, California now calls those factors “reasons,” Cal.Rules of Court, Rule 4.420(d)-(e), a distinction the California Supreme Court endorsed in Sandoval, 41 Cal.4th at 846-47, 62 Cal.Rptr.3d 588, 161 P.3d 1146. We therefore hold that it was neither contrary to nor an unreasonable application of clearly established Supreme Court law for the state court of appeal to conclude that Creech’s Sixth Amendment right to a jury .trial was not violated when the trial court, in an exercise of discretion, selected the upper term for Creech’s convictions for assault with a firearm and child endangerment.
AFFIRMED.
. To avoid confusion, we refer to members of Creech's family by their first names.
. Creech’s convictions for shooting at an inhabited dwelling are not at issue here.
. The court classified the child endangerment charge as to Sofia as the principal count of conviction, and all the other counts of conviction as subordinate. See People v. Neely, 176 Cal.App.4th 787, 797-98, 97 Cal.Rptr.3d 913 (2009) (explaining the sentencing protocol for multiple offenses with determinate terms under California Penal Code section 1170.1).
. The jury instructions given at trial conform with CALCRIM 875 (2015).
. Creech also argues that, because no one was actually injured, there was insufficient evidence to convict him of assault with a firearm. One may commit assault, however, even where a victim suffers no physical injury. People v. Aguilar, 16 Cal.4th 1023, 1028, 68 Cal.Rptr.2d 655, 945 P.2d 1204 (1997).
. As in Cunningham, we reference the Judicial Council Rules that were in place before they were amended on January 1, 2007 to describe the pre-Cunningham sentencing scheme. 549 U.S. at 278 n. 5, 127 S.Ct. 856.
. The initial legislative response was intended to "maintain stability in California’s criminal justice system while the criminal justice and sentencing structures in California sentencing [wejre being reviewed." 5 Witkin, Cal. Crim. Law 4th (2012) Crim Trial, § 520(3) (quoting Stats. 2007, Chap. 3, § 1).
. The law was set to expire on January 1, 2009, id., but the state senate passed another bill in 2008, extending the expiration date to January 1, 2011. Sen. Bill 1701, 2007-2008 Reg. Sess. (2008); 2008 Cal. Stat. 97. The Legislature declared "that the elimination of disparity and the provision of uniformity of sentences can be best achieved by determinate sentences fixed by statute in proportion to the seriousness of the offense as determined by the Legislature to be imposed by the court with specified discretion.” Id. In 2013, this scheme was extended, and is now set to expire on January 1, 2017. 5 Witkin, Cal. Crim. Law 4th (2015 Supp.) Crim Trial, § 520(3).
. In response to the legislative change, the Judicial Council revised the rules, effective May 23, 2007, that govern how to apply determinate sentences, recognizing that a judge is to exercise his or her discretion. Id.
. Assault with a firearm "shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for two, three, or four years, or in a county jail for not less than six months and not exceeding one year, or by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000) and imprisonment.” Cal.Penal Code § 245(a)(2). Child endangerment "shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or in the state prison for two, four, or six years.” Id. § 273a(a).
.Although we have discussed Cunningham before, this is the first time we have analyzed whether a sentence imposed under California’s post-Cunningham sentencing scheme warrants habeas relief under AEDPA. See United States v. Santana, 526 F.3d 1257 (9th Cir.2008) (holding on direct appeal that Cunningham does not render unconstitutional procedures relating to revocation of supervised release); Butler v. Curry, 528 F.3d 624 (9th Cir.2008) (holding that Cunningham did not announce a "new rule” and could be applied retroactively in the habeas context, where the petitioner was sentenced under California's pre-Cunningham scheme); Wright v. Dexter, 546 F.3d 1096 (9th Cir.2008) (holding that, in light of Butler, Cunningham cannot form the basis of an application for a second or successive habeas petition). These post-Cunningham cases do not impact our decision here.
| CASELAW |
Prayer to a Vengeful God
Prayer to a Vengeful God is a 2010 dramatic crime film, written, directed by, and starring Dan Eberle. Broken into several chapters, the film follows the attempts of a man awakening from a coma to seek revenge on his wife's murderers. The film features absolutely no dialogue except one exchange of the word "hi".
Plot
John Krause awakens from an extended coma with visions of his wife Jennifer. A flashback depicts Jennifer as a talented artist, working on a self-portrait. The doorbell rings at their apartment and, upon answering the door, John is pushed to the floor and shot by an unknown assailant. Later as he recovers, John is visited by a police detective who says that Jennifer was strangled to death in the assault. John attempts to return his life of work and visiting Jennifer's grave, but the grief overwhelms him and he attempts suicide. He passes out and fails to die when he vomits up the pills.
A still bleeding John staggers through the local park. He is followed by a mysterious young woman (the Urchin), who assists him in buying narcotics from a street dealer. During this process, John witnesses a Transient being hassled by thugs; the Transient is defeats them with an unknown martial art. Intrigued, John approaches him and shares a pipe of marijuana with him, during which the Transient sees John's bleeding wrist and reveals a similar scar on his own forearm. Finding new peace in his meeting, John returns home to dispose of his pain pills, but encounters a redhead named Gabby, a friend of Jennifer. An extended flashback shows events that transpired shortly before the attack.
Back at the club, John approaches the Miscreant with his cash, and follows her just as Jennifer did, to the bathroom and to the apartment, where this time he is welcomed in. John and the Miscreant have sex and do more drugs, and she lays in a stupor on John. He throws her to the floor and gets dressed when he hears multiple footsteps approaching, but she rouses enough to see him grab the machete and attacks him. John strangles her to death even as she stabs him with a heroin spoon, then kills the Bouncer with a rear naked choke hold.
As the sun rises, John sits on the roof with the gun in his hand. One final flashback shows how he and Jennifer first met, on a rainy day in the park, simply exchanging the word "hi" (the only dialogue in the entire film). As he views a vision of his former self, John places the gun in his mouth and squeezes the trigger, but the chamber is empty. He walks towards the light as the vision of himself smiles and walks away.
Cast
* Dan Eberle as John Krause
* Jennifer Farrugia as Jennifer Krause
* Paul James Vasquez as Transient
* Amanda Bender as Miscreant
* Beau Alluli as Bearer
* Leah Rudick as Gabby
* Jillaine Gill as Urchin
* James Coolio | WIKI |
How to run an already existing public docker container?
#1
I have a really simple question that I can’t seem to find an obvious answer to in the documentation.
Let’s say I want to just run the normal public mongodb image (https://hub.docker.com/_/mongo/) on one of 4 devices I have setup for a particular resin application.
How would I do this? Examples would be great as well, Thanks!
#2
Hey!
What kind of device are you trying to run this on? – Most “normal” images are created for normal desktop computers and their x86 processors, while the devices run on resin.io are mostly ARM devices, so the same program wouldn’t run on that. (Might run on the Intel NUC or the QEMU emulated images).
What you can do most of the time, is to look at their Dockerfile, for example the mongo that you’ve linked and get some inspiration from there to create your own Dockerfile for use. For example the Mongo Dockerfile creates the database at /data and image creation time. That won’t work with resin.io, as that partition is overlayed in our case when the application starts to point to a persistent location outside of the container. Thus the database creation or test needs to be run in a startup script (run within the CMD step in the Dockerfile), and this run whenever the application starts. There are other practical differences too, depending on your application, but this is one of the main ones (handling data persistence). :construction:
Also running on 1 of 4 devices in an application is not really what would be a normal application model. – The application would be the same source code for all the devices, so you’d probably need to think in terms of 2 applications: one with 1 device running your database, and another one with the remaining 3 devices running whatever code you wanna run. :seedling:
This is a lot of info, so let me know if anything’s confusing :slight_smile: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
U.S. congressman's condition improves but still critical after shooting
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. Representative Steve Scalise’s condition has improved but remained critical on Thursday, a day after a man who had expressed anger toward President Donald Trump opened fire on Republican lawmakers at a baseball practice. Trump on Thursday reiterated his call for unity in the aftermath of the shooting in the Washington suburb of Alexandria, Virginia. But Nancy Pelosi, the top Democrat in the House of Representatives, criticized some Republicans who have blamed the shooting on vitriol from the political left. Scalise, a congressman from Louisiana who is the No. 3 House Republican, suffered injuries to internal organs, broken bones and severe bleeding after being shot in the left hip on a baseball field where he and other lawmakers were practicing for a charity baseball game. Scalise underwent a second surgery for internal injuries and a broken leg - his third procedure overall - and remained in critical condition but had shown improvement, MedStar Washington Hospital Center said in a statement on Thursday. Scalise, 51, and three others were wounded when a man identified as James Hodgkinson, 66, from the St. Louis suburb of Belleville, Illinois, opened fire on the lawmakers. The others wounded were a police officer, a congressional aide and a lobbyist. Hodgkinson, who had a history of posting angry messages against Trump and other Republicans on social media, died after being wounded by police. The U.S. Capitol Police said Hodgkinson used a 9 mm handgun and a 7.62-caliber rifle in the shooting, and traces run by investigators showed he evidently acquired the weapons legally. “Both were purchased by the shooter from federal firearms licensees,” the Capitol Police said in a statement. “We currently have no evidence to suggest that the purchases were not lawful.” The FBI recovered a cellphone, computer and camera from Hodgkinson’s van and was examining them for evidence, the statement said. Trump, who visited Scalise at the hospital on Wednesday, said the congressman was “in some trouble but he’s going to be okay, we hope.” “It’s been much more difficult than people even thought at the time,” Trump told reporters at the White House on Thursday, adding he also visited the wounded Capitol Police officer at the hospital. Vice President Mike Pence earlier on Thursday said he visited the hospital where Scalise was being treated. Republican members of Congress played their Democratic colleagues in a charity game on Thursday night at Nationals Park, home of the Washington Nationals Major League Baseball team, with thousands of spectators attending. The lawmakers took the field with many wearing hats to honor Scalise. When the members of the Republican team were announced, mention of Scalise’s name drew a standing ovation throughout the stadium. The shooting has raised questions about lawmakers’ security, renewed the nation’s contentious debate over guns and drawn new attention to the harsh rhetoric that reflects America’s political polarization. Trump, in a video message played at the game, said the event had “a much deeper level of meaning” because of the shooting. “In Washington we have our disagreements, but we all agree that we are here to serve this nation we love and the people who call it home,” Trump said. “That’s the source of unity and more than ever we must embrace it.” Many lawmakers in both parties called for unity after the shooting. But at a news conference, Pelosi bristled at comments made by a few Republicans and conservative activists who blamed heated Democratic rhetoric for the incident. “The comments made by my Republican colleagues are outrageous, beneath the dignity of the job that they hold, beneath the dignity of the respect that we would like Congress to command. How dare they say such a thing,” Pelosi said. She said Republican vitriol and caricatures of her had resulted in “calls to my home constantly, threats in front of my family, really predicated on their comments and their paid ads.” Pelosi also cited past remarks by Trump, saying: “You have a president who says: ‘I could shoot someone on Fifth Avenue and nobody would care.’” She did not specify which comments by Republicans she objected to. Among others, Republican Representative Steve King wrote on Twitter that “violence is incited by the leading cultural voices of the Left” and former House Speaker Newt Gingrich cited an “increasing hostility on the left.” Reporting by Richard Cowan and Susan Cornwell; Additional reporting by David Morgan, Steve Holland, Tom Polansek and Amanda Becker; Writing by Susan Heavey and Eric Beech; Editing by Will Dunham and Peter Cooney | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
“Leave to Remain” considers love in a hostile environment - Ain’t no border hard enough
LAST YEAR, a 20-metre-long pink neon sign was suspended from the vaulting Victorian ceiling in London’s St Pancras station. The installation, by Tracey Emin, declared: “I want my time with you”. The artist has produced other works combining romantic sentiments with electronic epigrams—“I Can’t Believe How Much You Loved Me” (2012), and the more matter-of-fact “People Like You Need to Fuck People Like Me” (2007)—but the location of this work afforded it a resonance beyond the sweet nothings of a lover. Directly facing the platforms of the British terminal of the Eurostar, it seemed to address not only the passengers shuttling back and forth from Paris and Amsterdam, but also an entire continent. It felt like London’s love letter to a Europe that was slipping away by the second. The work invoked a deeply held political metaphor, in which international relations are imagined as akin to romantic ones. It has seeped into discussions of Brexit: politicians and pundits talk about “divorce” negotiations; “Breaking Up Is Hard To Do”, Neil Sedaka’s soppy doo-wop hit, has become a staple at pro-Remain demonstrations. “Leave to Remain”, a new musical co-written by playwright Matt Jones and Kele Okereke, the lead singer of Bloc Party, turns the analogy on its head. Rather than seeking to understand politics and nationhood in terms of personal relationships, it draws on the language of Britain’s troubled multiculturalism to tell an equally troubled romantic tale. “Give me your leave to remain”, the eponymous number croons, turning Home Office jargon for permanent status into a love song. Upgrade your inbox and get our Daily Dispatch and Editor's Picks. Like most marriage plots, “Leave to Remain” circles around the challenges of intimacy, familial ructions and difficult personalities. The novelty is that the protagonists are young, modish gay men: Alex (Billy Cullum), an ex-addict American financier, and his boyfriend Obi (Tyrone Huntley), a digital marketer from a family of Nigerian immigrants. The London through which they move is youthful, affluent and liberal, involving art galleries and wine bars, trendy clubs and party drugs. The snag comes when Alex’s job is relocated to Abu Dhabi in the wake of Brexit, joining a finance-industry exodus. Without a sponsor for his visa, the only way for Alex to remain in Britain is to get married to Obi. Preparations begin, the respective families convene, and the scene is set for a culture-clash romantic comedy. In a startlingly poignant flashback, the audience finds out that Obi’s conservative Catholic Nigerian father (Cornell S. John) threw Obi out of the house as a teenager after finding out that he was gay. The archetype of the gruff patriarch is familiar, but is admirably fleshed out in Mr John’s portrayal of a loving but wrong-headed man, tragically incapable of reconciling his son’s sexuality with his own archaic notions of piety and propriety. At the opposite end of the spectrum are Alex’s smothering and hyper-liberal parents. Johanne Murdock is exceptional as Diane, a gilet-sporting “tiger mom”. Nigerians and Americans are both gently ribbed: there’s a gag about Jamie Oliver’s bastardisation of West African jollof rice, and as Diane strides into her son’s Victorian warehouse conversion she loudly marvels at such “an historic building”. Mr Okereke’s musical numbers are excellent, peppering the narrative with a blend of catchy electro-rock and West African “High Life” melodies. Beneath this relatively benign picture of modern, multicultural marriage, there are hints at the troubles that continue to disproportionately afflict gay men, such as addiction and depression. While Alex is accepted by his family—he glowers at his mother for booking a wedding venue without asking him first—Obi is alienated from his, and struggles to convince his father to show up at all. Audiences who saw “The Inheritance”, Matthew Lopez’s sprawling epic which has just completed a rapturously praised run, might find parallels between it and this modern love story. Where “Leave to Remain” fails to match “The Inheritance”, however, is in its handling of politics. “The Inheritance” masterfully teased out the pressures that the Trump presidency has exerted on America’s gay community, fissuring its solidarity along lines of race, class and age. “Leave to Remain” is far more simplistic, occasionally risking glibness. This is mostly a forgivable condition of its format. It is a two-hour musical where “The Inheritance” was an eight-hour play. Nevertheless, despite its provocatively topical title, “Leave to Remain” ends up being strangely apolitical. Brexit features only as an initial catalyst, prompting Alex’s job move. Obi is a British national and Alex is American, so neither is affected by the uncertainty over EU migrants’ rights, or by the “hostile environment” policies that were recently inflicted on Britain’s Caribbean immigrants. Still, taken on its own terms, like Tracey Emin’s neon sign, “Leave to Remain” is a sincere and uplifting production, exalting love across borders and cultures. “Leave to Remain” is showing at the Lyric Hammersmith until February 16th | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Dostoyevsky - The House of the Dead, Collected Edition, 1915.djvu/65
recovering quickly. Evidently the energy of his spirit assisted nature. He was certainly not an ordinary man. I was moved by curiosity to make a closer acquaintance with him, and for a week I studied him. I can confidently say that I have never in my life met a man of such strength, of so iron a will as he. I had already seen at Tobolsk a celebrity of the same kind, formerly a brigand chief. He was a wild beast in the fullest sense of the word, and when you stood near him you felt instinctively that there was a terrible creature beside you, even before you knew his name. But in that case what horrified, me was the spiritual deadness of the man. The flesh had so completely got the upper hand of all spiritual characteristics, that at the first glance you could see from his face that nothing was left but a fierce lust of physical gratification—sensuality, gluttony. I am convinced that Korenev—that was the brigand’s name—would have been in a panic and trembling with fear before a flogging, although he could cut a man’s throat without turning a hair.
Orlov was a complete contrast to him. His was unmistakably the case of a complete triumph over the flesh. It was evident that the man’s power of control was unlimited, that he despised every sort of punishment and torture, and was afraid of nothing in the world. We saw in him nothing but unbounded energy, a thirst for action, a thirst for vengeance, an eagerness to attain the object he had set before him. Among other things I was struck by his strange haughtiness. He looked down on everything with incredible disdain, though he made no sort of effort to maintain this lofty attitude—it was somehow natural. I imagine there was no creature in the world who could have worked upon him simply by authority. He looked upon everything with surprising calmness, as though there were nothing in the universe that could astonish him, and though he quite saw that the other convicts looked on him with respect, he did not pose to them in the least. Yet vanity and self-assertion are characteristic of almost all convicts without exception. He was very intelligent and somehow strangely open, though by no means talkative. To my questions he answered frankly that he was only waiting to recover in order to get through the remainder of his punishment as quickly as possible, that he had been afraid beforehand that he would not survive it; “but now,” he added, winking at me, “it’s as good as over. I shall walk through the remainder of the blows and set off at | WIKI |
Xinqing District
Xinqing is a district of the prefecture-level city of Yichun in Heilongjiang Province, China. | WIKI |
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How To Properly Charge Your Phone battery
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How To Properly Charge Your Phone battery
Apr 14,2019
8 tips for properly charging your phone's battery
We collected 8 frequently asked questions about charging phone's battery, and provided some scientific tips to help you extend your phone's life expectancy.
1. At what percentage should I charge and recharge my phone?
According to Battery University, it is recommended you only let it reach up to 50 percent before charging again. Although there is a safeguard designed on Lithium-ion batteries protecting the batteries, you should also avoid pushing a lithium-ion battery all the way to 100 percent.
Some exceptions to this rule are also considered, once a month, let the battery undergo a full discharge to about 5 percent, that will give an estimated battery time remaining.
2. Is it ok to use my phone while it's charging?
Yes, you can use your phone while it's charging, as long as you are not using a inferior third-party charger. As the third-party charger will be not only bad for your phone's battery, but may cause explosion. So do remeber to use the original charger to charge your phones.
using phones while charging
3. Should I keep my phone plugged in when it is fully charged?
Keeping phone's battery healthy may be challenging for users due to charging habits. According to Battery University, leaving your phone plugged in when it is fully charged is bad for the battery in the long run. Because it keeps the battery in a high-stress, high-tension state, which wears down the chemistry within and may cause to the battery trickle charge. Therefore, do remember to unplug your phone in time when it is fully charged.
4. Should I fully charge my battery?
According to Battery University, Li-ion does not need to be fully charged, nor is it desirable to do so. It is better not to fully charge, because the high voltage stresses the battery and wears it away in the long run. In addition, most rechargeable batteries are designed to last about 400 cycles. If you let it run to zero, and then charge it to full 400 separate times, the battery will no longer be able to hold a full charge and it will take more of the stored charge to normally operate your phone.
It is better not to fully charge your phones
5. What should I do if my phone gets hot during the charging?
Smartphone batteries are sensitive to temperature. If you notice that your device gets hot while charging, take it out of its case first. If you are out at extreme temperature, keep your phone covered. It will protect your battery's health.
paying attention to phone's temperature while charing
6. Is it bad to charge my phone overnight?
Yes. By keeping your phone charged overnight, your phone's battery life will be shorter and the battery's temperature will rise, causing a quick heat and damaging the capacity. If you are going to plug in your phone before sleeping, make sure everything works properly and you are charging properly.
charging your phone while sleeping
7. Can I charge my phone with case on?
The phone case will slow down the heat dissipation of your phone's battery, so we highly recommend that you remove your phone case while charging. Besides, It is especially important to avoid exposing your phone to ambient temperatures higher than 95° F (35° C), which can permanently damage battery capacity.
8. How can I take care of my phone's battery and store it?
If you are going to be storing your smartphone during an extended period of time, you should leave it with a charge around 50 percent and switch your device off in a place not too cold, not too hot. To avoid damaging your battery, use an official cable to optimize the charge.
Bottom line
Therefore, extra care must be due when you are charging your phones. And hope those tips above will help you to improve your phone's battery.
Welcome to enquiry if any interest about mobile phone battery.
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Home Workout: Easy 15-Minute Workout Routines Any Singaporean Can Do Today
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featured easy home workout plans
(Credit: Bryant Tay)
It’s never too late to start working out! After all, a 15 minute workout routine is just 1% of your day. Besides looking good, working out makes you feel good and you’ll feel a sense of fulfilment as you get stronger! To help you get fit today, we’ve constructed an easy home workout plan with fitness enthusiast @weikiatteo that takes a mere 15 minutes of your time.
Essentially, you’ll be working out for 20 seconds and resting for 10 seconds each time. Do this three times and you’ll complete a set. Finish three sets and you’ll complete a cycle. Reward yourself with a quick 30 second break after finishing each cycle! For our easy home workout plan, there are three cycles which will take around 15 minutes in total.
For any workout, keep in mind the following:
• Breathe!
• Always keep your body straight so your posture is maintained. Examples include not dropping your hips during and not hunching your back.
• Achieve full range of motion by extending and contracting your limbs fully. This ensures that you get the most out of your workout.
Easy Home Workout Plan Day 1
1. Chest: Basic Push Ups
Without any equipment, chest workouts can be difficult. Thankfully, we can rely on the good ol’ body weight exercises. As a starting point, Basic Push Ups should suffice! Simply place your palms on the ground, shoulder-width apart and lower your upper body until your elbows are perpendicular to the ground.
Then, raise yourself by exerting force and pushing yourself away from the ground. For an added challenge, place your legs on an elevated platform while performing the same upper body motions.
basic push up easy home workout plan
(Credit: Bryant Tay)
2. Abs: Leg Raises
Contrary to popular belief, sit ups do more harm than good by placing pressure on your spine. Instead, do abs exercises that leave you in the neutral spine position like Leg Raises! Start by laying on your back, placing your palms flat down beside you. Then using your abdominal strength, lift your straightened legs until your feet are pointed at the ceiling.
Next, lower your legs while keeping your back flat against the ground until your heels are almost touching the ground to get the most out of your workout. Slow down your leg movement to add further difficulty to the exercise!
leg raises easy home workout plan
(Credit: Bryant Tay)
3. Legs: Alternating Lunges
Don’t skip leg day. While it’s a running joke among the fitness community, it happens often because we underestimate the importance of having a strong lower body. With easy exercises like Alternating Lunges, you too can start building stronger leg muscles and core today! First, take a step forward and lower yourself towards the floor until both legs are bent at 90 degrees.
Next, push off on the front leg to propel yourself back to the starting position and repeat the same motion with the other leg. For added difficulty, add some weight to place further pressure on your leg muscles.
lunges easy home workout plan
(Credit: Bryant Tay)
For those of you with knee pains, do reverse lunges instead! Instead of stepping forward, step backwards so you’ll relieve the pressure off the knee as you adopt a more lax position.
Easy Home Workout Plan Day 2
4. Chest: Wide Arm Push Ups
For our second round of push ups, we’ll want to focus on variation so that the body experiences balanced muscle growth. By placing your palms beyond shoulder widths apart, you’ll be activating your shoulder muscles. Additionally, Wide Arm Push Ups will put more strain on your outer chest muscles! Do note that you won’t be able to lower yourself as far as a basic push up.
wide arm push up easy home workout plan
(Credit: Bryant Tay)
5. Abs: Planks
What’s not to love about the effectiveness and simplicity of planks? Simply adopt the push up position and lower yourself down to your forearms while making sure your back and your abs are tightened. Then hold that position to test your abdominal strength.
Besides being an essential abs exercise for any easy home workout plan, planks are easy to modify to pile on the difficulty. Bring up your knees to your sides to do a Spiderman Plank or tilt to your side to work on your obliques.
planks easy home workout plan
(Credit: Bryant Tay)
6. Legs: Sumo Squat Combination
Doubling as a cardio exercise, the Sumo Squat Combination activates the quads, hamstrings, glutes and calves while supporting your entire body weight. Starting with your legs spread out wide, lower your body to do a Sumo Squat and push back up to your original position. Then, transition into a basic squat by bringing your legs together to lower your body once again. Repeat this to give your lower body a good workout!
squat combination easy home workout plan
(Credit: Bryant Tay)
Posture is extremely important when doing any form of squats — so keep that back straight and ensure you push your hips back to prevent spinal damage.
Easy Home Workout Plan Day 3
7. Chest: Close Arm Push Ups
For our final round of push ups, bring those hands closer together so your tricep muscles will be targeted. Close Arm Push Ups are infamous for being significantly harder than normal push ups because more muscles are activated and a greater range of joint flexibility is required. Always ensure your wrists aren’t sprained and your elbows aren’t flared outwards!
To push your limits, try forming a diamond sign with your thumb and index fingers while doing the push up to really maximise the strain on your triceps and inner chest muscles.
close arm push up easy home workout plan
(Credit: Bryant Tay)
8. Abs: Toe-Touch Crunch
It’s the final day of abs! Go all out with the Toe-Touch Crunch that combines movements of a crunch and a leg raise. Similar to a leg raise, instead of placing your hands by your sides, extend your arms straight behind your head.
Next, lift your arms and legs concurrently, letting both meet at a mid-point. Finally, lower both your arms and legs without letting them rest on the ground so your abs are always tightened. Repeat this motion to get a firm abdominal squeeze!
toe touch crunch easy home workout plan
(Credit: Bryant Tay)
If you’re seeking a greater challenge, grab a weighted object and use it to touch your toes as you lift your body up for the crunch.
9. Legs: Star Jumps
Star Jumps are feared by many because of their high intensity and difficulty! Being a plyometric exercise (anything that involves jumping), your athleticism will be tested as you extend your limbs and struggle to maintain your balance. To start, prepare yourself by bending your knees and positioning them at shoulder-width distance.
Next, go as low as you can and get into a squatting position. Finally, jump vertically with as much might as you can and stretch your limbs to form a star shape in mid-air. Take extra precaution to land on the balls of your feet as gently as possible so you protect your knees from the impact.
star jumps easy home workout plan
(Credit: Bryant Tay)
Need something to monitor your progress? Here’s a nifty guide to the best fitness trackers on the market! Also, if you’re planning to take your fitness regime to the next level, you’re going to need proper strength training equipment!
For those who think time gets in the way of workouts, check out these 24 hours gyms in Singapore that’ll let you schedule a workout no matter what time of the day it is.
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Comments | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Kanni (2024 Marathi-language film)
Kanni is a 2024 Indian Marathi-language romantic comedy-drama film directed and written by Sameer Joshi and produced by Amit Bhargad and Vaibhav Bhor. The film stars Hruta Durgule, Shubhankar Tawde, Ajinkya Raut, Vallari Viraj, and Rishi Manohar in the leading roles.
Plot
In the heart of London, Kalyani, a young woman from rural Maharashtra, India. After losing her job, she concocts a risky scheme with her housemates to marry a British citizen for financial stability. As bonds are strained and relationships jeopardized, Kalyani discovers that genuine success and fulfillment come from confronting inner fears. She learns that the road to a meaningful existence is paved with resilience rather than precarious shortcuts.
Cast
* Hruta Durgule as Kalyani Revandikar
* Ajinkya Raut as Nihal Hooda
* Shubhankar Tawde as Soham Kalsekar
* Rishi Manohar as Bhushan
* Vallari Viraj as Neha
* Deidre Rose as Vicky
* Elloise Thomson as Nicole
* Rubina Hula as Fufi
Production
The principal photography commenced in London in October 2022.
Release
The film was theatrically released on 8 March 2024 throughout Maharashtra, coinciding International Women's Day.
Reception
Anub George of The Times of India rated 3 stars out of 5 stars and wrote "the film's ending is fairly predictable, it does put a smile on your face, making this a great film to watch with your family. Expect laughter, drama, romance, some tears and a whole lot of fun too." Sanjay Ghaware of Lokmat rated 2.5 stars out of 5 stars and wrote: "the film has its strengths, such as strong performances and meaningful dialogues, there are areas where it could improve, particularly in pacing and screenplay humor." | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 116 Part 1.djvu/86
116 STAT. 60 PUBLIC LAW 107-147—MAR. 9, 2002 26 USC 51A. Applicability. 26 USC 51A note. Applicability. 26 USC 179A note. Applicability. 26 USC 613A note. Applicability. 26 USC 1397E note. Applicability. 26 USC 7652 note. 26 USC 9812 note. SEC. 605. WELFARE-TO-WORK CREDIT. (a) IN GENERAL. —Subsection (f) of section 51A is amended by striking "2001" and inserting "2003". (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.— The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to individuals who begin work for the employer after December 31, 200 L SEC. 606. DEDUCTION FOR CLEAN-FUEL VEHICLES AND CERTAIN REFUELING PROPERTY. (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 179A is amended— (1) in subsection (b)( 1)(B)— (A) by striking "December 31, 2001," and inserting "December 31, 2003,", and (B) in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii), by striking "2002", "2003", and "2004", respectively, and inserting "2004", "2005", and "2006", respectively, and (2) in subsection (f), by striking "December 31, 2004" and inserting "December 31, 2006". (b) EFFECTIVE DATE. —The amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply to property placed in service after December 31, 2001. SEC. 607. TAXABLE INCOME LIMIT ON PERCENTAGE DEPLETION FOR OIL AND NATURAL GAS PRODUCED FROM MARGINAL PROPERTIES. (a) IN GENERAL. —Subparagraph (H) of section 613A(c)(6) is amended by striking "2002" and inserting "2004". (b) EFFECTIVE DATE. —The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2001. SEC. 608. QUALIFIED ZONE ACADEMY BONDS. (a) IN GENERAL. — Paragraph (1) of section 1397E(e) is amended by striking "2000, and 2001" and inserting "2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003". (b) EFFECTIVE DATE. —The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to obligations issued after the date of the enactment of this Act. SEC. 609. COVER OVER OF TAX ON DISTILLED SPIRITS. (a) IN GENERAL. — Paragraph (1) of section 7652(f) is amended by striking "January 1, 2002" and inserting "January 1, 2004". (b) EFFECTIVE DATE. —The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to articles brought into the United States after December 31, 2001. SEC. 610. PARITY IN THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN LIMITS TO MENTAL HEALTH BEIVEFITS. (a) IN GENERAL.— Subsection (f) of section 9812, as amended by the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002, is amended to read as follows: "(f) APPLICATION OF SECTION.— T h is section shall not apply to benefits for services furnished— "(1) on or after September 30, 2001, and before January 10, 2002, and "(2) after December 31, 2003.". (b) EFFECTIVE DATE. —The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2000.
� | WIKI |
User:Meeeeeee5533
Demonic Angels are an american rock band formed in 2017, Demonic Angels will be releasing there first record Here for eternity soon | WIKI |
2018 Dallas Cup
The 2018 Dallas Cup, known as the Dr Pepper Dallas Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the thirty-ninth edition of a youth football competition held in the United States. Competitions were held at every age from U13s to U19s. The U14 and U19 levels also had additional competitions, known as the U14s UDN and the Gordon Jago Supergroup respectively.
Participants
Source: Dallas Cup
Knockout stage
Semi-finals
Final
Overall winners
Source: Dallas Cup | WIKI |
Product SiteDocumentation Site
Chapter 5. Services
5.1. Screenshot service
5.2. Url handler
AppStream provides some services to fetch additional data from.
5.1. Screenshot service
5.1.1. Introduction
To make give users an impression on how the application they are about to install will look like, screenshots are provided in the AppStream spec. But since not all upstream authors ship screenshots, there is a way for distributors to specify a server for screenshots provided by a 3rd-party.
5.1.2. Webservice
Distributors provide a service like debshots. They can either use the original debshots web application, which does not only work for Debian but also any other distribution, or they can set up their own service which mimicks the debshots API (OpenSUSE does that).
In order to make a new screenshot service known to software-centers, distributors need to place information about their webservice in the config file of libappstream, whis is usually located at /etc/appstream.conf.
The screenshot data will be inserted transparently into AsScreenshot, if the distributor has set the configuration flag. Authors of software-centers don't need to take care of this implementation detail. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:External peer review/The Chronicle of Higher Education October 2006
The Chronicle of Higher Education
* Source: The Chronicle of Higher Education
* Date: 27 October, 2006
* Title: Can Wikipedia Ever Make the Grade?
Findings
* Brave New World (Grade: B-): "The entry provides 'a plethora of links' and more information than the typical literary encyclopedia, says Mr. Firchow, but it is flawed by 'the annoying inaccuracies, the glaring omissions, and the inconsistencies.'" Example: "The article says Huxley wrote Brave New World in Britain and was influenced by Yevgeny Zamyatin's dystopic novel We. Actually, Huxley wrote Brave New World primarily in France and said later that he had not known of We at the time"
* African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968) (Grade: C): "While there are no glaring inaccuracies, Mr. McAdam says, the entry does not provide any analytical context as to what led to the civil-rights movement or what happened afterward." Example: "Mr. McAdam notes the insufficiency of links to events before and after this particular 13 years of the movement, not to mention the lack of any broader analysis of what brought about the fight for civil rights, and the movement's political and cultural impacts."
* Flow cytometry (Grade: A): "The main section on flow cytometry was well-done and accurate, ... but as you drop into the subsections, the accuracy drops off. I went in and actually made some corrections to these — I said, 'I can't leave these and let the record stand like this.'" Example: "At one point in the entry, the word "homologous" was misused in talking about blood transfusions." | WIKI |
Cold Sores Treatment
Cold Sores Treatment
There are hundreds of cold sores treatment products on the market and it can be daunting to know which remedies work to treat them. Cold sores are incredibly common, in fact, according to the Herpes Viruses Association seven out of 10 people in the UK carry the virus, but only one in three show symptoms.
What is a cold sore?
Cold sores are a condition caused by the infection of the herpes simplex virus. As mentioned above, nearly all of us have this virus in our bodies and it normally remains dormant where it resides in the sensory nerve cells near the site of infection.
How can you prevent and treat cold sores?
The best way to both prevent and treat a cold sore is to take L-Lysine, take one tablet twice daily on an empty stomach. Numerous studies indicate that lysine supplementation can help to speed the recovery from, and prevent recurrences of cold sores. Lysine itself has anti-viral properties but additionally it blocks the uptake of arginine, an amino acid that promotes viral growth.
Do cold sore creams work?
Creams are very popular for cold sores treatment. Lemon Balm Cream is a soothing cold sores treatment cream. The tannins in lemon balm have potent anti-viral and anti-microbial properties whilst terpenes in lemon balm numb the painful tissue and provide soothing properties. Simply dab the cream at the first sign of any tingling and reapply every three or four hours making sure that you wash your hands thoroughly between applications.
Why is boosting your immune system important?
If you experience abnormally regular cold sores then this is often indicative of nutritional deficiencies or a weakened immune system. A stronger immune system is more effective at battling against the virus replicating and may help to put it back into a dormant state. To support the immune system, I would recommend the use of Daily Immunity, a comprehensive blend of nutrients, probiotics and herbs that all play a varying role in strengthening our immune system.
Disclaimer: The views, opinions and information expressed in this article and on Victoriahealth.com Ltd are those of the author(s) in an editorial context. Victoriahealth.com Ltd cannot be held responsible for any errors or for any consequences arising from the use of the information contained in this editorial or anywhere else on the site. Every effort is made by the editorial and content team to see that no inaccurate or misleading information, opinion or statement appear, nor replace or constitute endorsement from medical bodies or trials unless specified. Victoriahealth.com Ltd accept no liability for the consequences of any inaccurate or misleading data, information, opinion or statement. Information on Victoriahealth.com Ltd and in the editorials is provided for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for the advice provided by your physician or other healthcare professional. You should not use the information on this website or in the editorials for diagnosing or treating a health concern or disease, or for the replacement of prescription medication or other treatment. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Valentina Dimitrieva
Valentina Dmitrievna Dimitrieva (Валентина Дмитриевна Дмитриева; 16/25 September 1937 – 18 February 2019) was a Soviet Russian farm worker, production leader and politician who worked at the Motor Bolishebikshih collective farm from 1952 until her retirement in 1993 and was an elected deputy of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union from the All-Union Organization of War and Labour Veterans between 1989 and 1991. She was one worker who began mechanisation of the farm she worked at to increase performance and raised productivity of the cows in her group by more than one-third in the early 1970s. Dimitrieva was decorated with the Medal "For Labour Valour"; the Order of the Red Banner of Labour; the Hero of Socialist Labour with the Order of Lenin and the "Hammer and Sickle" gold medal and the Medal "For Transforming the Non-Black Earth of the RSFSR".
Biography
Between 16 and 25 September 1937, Dimitrieva was born in the village of Askhva, Kanashsky District, Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (today Chuvashia). as a Chuvash national into a peasant family. Following her graduating from the seventh grade of the Bol'shebikshikhskaya Sosh Im. Shurika, which meant she had not completed her secondary education, she began working as a collective farmer on the Red Flame collective farm in Kanash. In 1953, Dimitrieva relocated to the Ashvin field-breeding brigade and worked as an ordinary collective farmer, groom, calf. During a movement to unite the collective farms in the late 1950s, she was attached to work at the Motor Bolishebikshih collective farm, Kanashsky District, Chuvash ASSR in a group of 90 people in which she worked as a calf.
Dimitrieva began working as a milkmaid in 1963 following her taking on a greater amount of obligations to catch up to the increase the yield of milk of livestock breeders working on the Karmameev farm. She was one of the workers who brought up mechanisation of the farm to increase performance, such as the green conveyor system, the milking of cows, the camping of livestock in the summer, fodder yeast. Dmitrieva extracted 300 kg of milk from each of the farm's cow per year from 1964, overtaking the milkmaids from Karmamey. She began and organised an All-Union competition with the livestock breeders of the Peremoga collective farm in Ukraine's Kherson Oblast in the early 1970s and demanded the board of her farm's collective to mechanise its equipment, increasing the productivity of the cows in her group by more than one-third. Dimitrieva retired in 1993.
She was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Dimitrieva was a delegate of the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow in 1957. From 1989 to 1991, she served as an elected deputy of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union from the All-Union Organization of War and Labour Veterans and was a member of the All-Russian Council of War and Labour Veterans.
Personal life
Dimitrieva resided in Askhva with her son and his family. She died in Askhva on 18 February 2019.
Awards
On 22 March 1967, Dimitrieva was decorated with the Medal "For Labour Valour" and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour on 8 April 1971. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet issued a decree honouring her with the title of Hero of Socialist Labour with the Order of Lenin and the "Hammer and Sickle" gold medal on 6 September 1973 "for the great successes achieved in the All-Union Socialist Competition, and the labor prowess shown in fulfilling the obligations assumed to increase the production and procurement of livestock products in the winter period of 1972–1973." Dimitrieva received the title of Honored Worker of Agriculture of the Chuvash ASSR in 1981 and was issued a Labour Veteran certificate in 1995. She was named an Honorary Citizen of the Kanash District in 2016. Dimitrieva was also a recipient of the Medal "For Transforming the Non-Black Earth of the RSFSR". | WIKI |
Talk:Gulf War syndrome/Archive 4
Shelleh (2012) literature review from last month
"Battlefield reports documented a steady rise of malignancies and newborn malformations after war" -- Shelleh, H.H. (2012) "Depleted Uranium: Is it potentially involved in the recent upsurge of malignancies in populations exposed to war dust?" Saudi Medical Journal 33(5):483-8. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:15, 15 June 2012 (UTC)
I ask for the mediator's opinion on this reversion without discussion. Both reliance on a more recent secondary PubMed-indexed medical journal literature review and the replacement of the Hindin (2005) literature review were explicitly agreed to above. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:36, 20 June 2012 (UTC)
* According to MEDRS we should be summarizing the scientific consensus, which you are not doing. Also, Shellah is a new study and has zero citations, so we shouldn't really be using it (see WP:SCHOLARSHIP). You just seem intent on putting in the POV that the gulf war causes birth defects, which according to the scientific evidence is unproven. --sciencewatcher (talk) 23:57, 20 June 2012 (UTC)
* So you're saying that Shellah is too new for a literature review? There can be no proof contrary to the fact that breathing uranium fumes causes birth defects. Why would that be a bias or a perspective? It is an absolute fact, first published by Maynard in 1949 and confirmed in every literature review considering the fact thereafter. If there were any such proof, you would have shown evidence for it. Do you believe you have such evidence? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:06, 21 June 2012 (UTC)
* Yes, Shellah is too new. I was saying there is no overwhelming evidence that gulf war vets' children have birth defects. --sciencewatcher (talk) 02:30, 21 June 2012 (UTC)
* This article is about civilians, too, per the first sentence. What do you think the likelihood is that the included statement from Shelleh will be retracted? Can you give an example of any other peer reviewed WP:SECONDARY medical source which was not included in any other article because it was too new? The standard for inclusion is verifiability, which is in abundance, not the existence of overwhelming evidence. Unless you believe the Chief Epidemiologist of the Veterans Administration is incompetent, then there is also overwhelming evidence. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:58, 21 June 2012 (UTC)
* The main rule we have to follow is NPOV, which you are breaking by cherry-picking sources that fit your POV and removing everything else. --sciencewatcher (talk) 16:07, 21 June 2012 (UTC)
* As for sources: verifibility just tells us what we CAN include - it doesn't tell us what we SHOULD include. We use WP:SCHOLARSHIP, WP:WEIGHT and other policies to decide what should be included in the article. It's pretty standard in wikipedia to not include brand new medical studies, unless they are important or there is some other reason to include them. --sciencewatcher (talk) 16:19, 21 June 2012 (UTC)
* We have four secondary medical journal articles talking about birth defects: Hindin 2005, Doyle 2006, Abu-Musa 2008, and Shelleh 2012. Three of those reviews say the same thing about birth defects, which I've included. One of those four contrasts very sharply with the other reviews and its primary sources, using non-quantitative terms like "modest". I've been taking that one out. Which one of us is trying to introduce our bias? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:39, 21 June 2012 (UTC)
I've rewritten some of the text, as you had misrepresented some of the studies. I've also removed Shelleh from the lede per WP:WEIGHT, as it is a lower quality source than the others. Doyle seems to be the best quality (most citations), so let's just leave that in the lede. Also, Shelleh only discusses leukemia in adults living in Iraq, so it's talking about something completely different to the other reviews. Doyle pretty much agrees with Abu-Musa as far as I can see. It's maybe ok to put a sentence from Shelleh in the main text (which I've done), although I'm pretty sure it fails MEDRS due to having zero citations, so I would be inclined to just delete it. We already include Hindin in the text. Hindin contradicts some of the other parts of the article (like the VA saying that DU has been 'ruled out'). However that is fine - there isn't always agreement in science, so we just present the evidence from the high quality sources. I think we're fairly close to being NPOV now, if not already there. I still think it would be better to include the va.gov link in the links section. --sciencewatcher (talk) 02:44, 22 June 2012 (UTC)
* Are you seriously suggesting that the number of citations is more important than recency and consensus in evaluating secondary sources? You have removed the suggestion that there was any increase in birth defects, which is supported by all four of the reviews. As you know, the VA report to which you refer was not peer reviewed and is demonstrably inaccurate. I am reverting the abject whitewash and asking mediator opinion. Shelleh makes weaker statements on this matter than Abu-Musa. Are you suggesting that Doyle and Abu-Musa reach the same conclusions? Or by, "as far as [you] can see," do you mean that you have not yet read Abu-Musa? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:45, 22 June 2012 (UTC)
* The reviews do agree. Some studies showed an increase in birth defects, but the studies suffered from recall bias and the results need to be treated with caution. All the reviews pretty much state that. If you believe that birth defects are 'proven', you either don't understand the science or your bias is clouding your judgement. As you have openly stated that you have personally written to the VA, it seems that you might perhaps be too close to the subject to edit objectively. Perhaps you should just post on the talk page, and leave the editing to neutral, uninvolved editors who have no personal interest in the subject and can edit objectively based on NPOV and the other wikipedia policies. --sciencewatcher (talk) 14:26, 22 June 2012 (UTC)
* All four of the reviews agree with me. I await the mediator's opinion. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:24, 22 June 2012 (UTC)
* A quick search of that article didn't turn up the term "gulf war syndrome". Is it discussed explicitly? Further, is it the scientific consensus that GWS is caused by depleted uranium? WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 14:27, 25 June 2012 (UTC)
* Of course it is on topic. If you find out where the scientific consensus publishes their definitions of emerging syndrome causes, please let me know. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:15, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
* Are we talking about the 'unwise deletions' here? If so, it seems to be mostly WP:SYN, and a couple of primary studies. I agree with WLU that the whole thing should be deleted. --sciencewatcher (talk) 18:33, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
* Can you point out where the article discusses Gulf War Syndrome? Can you point to a source that states explicitly that Gulf War Syndrome is caused by depleted uranium? There seems to be some moving goalposts here, since GWS was originally about unexplained physical symptoms, but now has a significant amount of text discussing reproductive issues faced by veterans. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 20:00, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
* What is the definition of Gulf War syndrome? (The "s" is not capitalized.) Does it involve civilians as implied by the first sentence of the article? Are there any authoritative discussions of Gulf War syndrome or Gulf War illness which suggest that it does not involve reproductive problems? Why do you think the text discussing reproductive issues pertains more to veterans than civilians? Is there any reason to believe that the syndrome is not the result of multiple toxins and toxicants? Why do you believe it is important to downplay the discussion of reproductive issues? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:32, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
* While you are of course free to hypothesize, research and publish on the definition of GWS elsewhere, on wikipedia this is precluded per our policy on original research. If the article "implies" rather than outright states a relation to GWS, we should not cite it in the GWS article. Hypothesizing in the absence of text that explicitly verifies a link is not helpful. I consider this issue closed, Shelleh should not be used on this page. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 20:02, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
* I would be willing to consider omitting Shelleh if you agree to include the statements from Abu-Masa which you blanket reverted without discussion recently. Do you have any objections to those? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:05, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
No. Articles stand or fall on their adherence to policies and guidelines, not on horse trading. Shelleh should not be used, period, as it is unacceptable original research when GWS is not definitively linked to uranium, and the article does not mention the term at all.
Musa must again be used with care - despite being four years old, it has few citations. It's within a new, relatively low-impact journal. And it's not specific to GWS. That being said, it can be used (in fact, my revert retained its use in some sections). But it must be evaluated on its own merits, not as a negotiation relative to another article. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 22:12, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
* Incidentally, Musa also doesn't seem to use the term "Gulf War syndrome", making it a dubious inclusion and reducing the amount of weight it should get. I have an overall concern that the page is broadening the definition of GWS and including literature that doesn't actually use the term. The page is about Gulf War syndrome, not "any possible health effect that can be related to the Persian Gulf". Is GWS synonymous with adverse fertility? Is that the sole condition linked to the Gulf War? WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 23:00, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
External links 2
I am still in support of these external links because of the record of inaccuracy of government authorities. The suggested set balances. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:05, 23 June 2012 (UTC)
* The RAC link should be replaced, but that's about it as far as I'm concerned. I will also point out that your statement that the government is wrong is a) unsupported assertion b) not a rational per WP:EL and c) illogical (being wrong in the past doesn't mean the site is wrong currently). So no, the DMOZ is adequate but the RAC should be included. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 15:15, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
* Oh, really? Did you find a source supporting the government's 2008 GWI-RAC report's assertion that soldiers' children's birth defect rates are normal? There are several sources directly contradicting it. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:07, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
* How does that support removing RAC as an EL? WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 22:05, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
* As per above: WP:EL states "any site that misleads the reader by use of factually inaccurate material or unverifiable research" should be avoided. WP:ELPOV subsequently suggests that if we include the Research Advisory Committee then we should also include the veterans' support groups with whom they have been at odds. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:02, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
* You have asserted that RAC was factually inaccurate, but I have yet to see any evidence of this. And keep in mind - there is a difference between incorrect speculation in the face of uncertainty, or not selecting a preferred option out of several, and being deliberately deceptive or ignoring new information; only the final two option are reason to avoid a link. The veterans support groups would not be considered reliable sources, they would be considered discussion forums (ELNO#10) or support groups (MEDMOS, second point). WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 12:50, 14 July 2012 (UTC)
* You can't find any support for the statement that birth defect rates are normal, but you don't see evidence that saying so isn't accurate when all of the sources which articulate a position on the issue are opposed to the statement? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:07, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
* Hm...it sounds like what you're saying is your personal research has indicated that RAC is wrong, therefore we can't trust their website. Is that correct? WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 20:14, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
* And therefore we can't trust your incessant attempts to try to include them as a reliable source of ELs without balance from their detractors who have been more accurate. That is not my personal original opinion. It is consistent with the rules and every peer reviewed article which has expressed a finding on the topic, including Doyle's. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:07, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
* So your own experience indicates RAC is consistently wrong, but you can't substantiate this with any reliable sources? We're done then, you are attempting to use your own research to discount the inclusion of a link to a mainstream and prominent body while attempting to use the same research and opinion to include partisan and unreliable sources. That is not how wikipedia works and that is not how external links are selected. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 17:09, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
* Replied at below. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:06, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
Unwise deletions
I propose replacing the following portions which were deleted by WLU:
* Because uranium is a heavy metal and chemical toxicant with nephrotoxic (kidney-damaging), teratogenic (birth defect-causing), immunotoxic, and potentially carcinogenic properties, uranium exposure is associated with a variety of illnesses. The chemical toxicological hazard posed by uranium dwarfs its radiological hazard because it is only weakly radioactive, and depleted uranium even less so. DU has recently been recognized as a neurotoxin. In 2005, depleted uranium was shown to be a neurotoxin in rats.
* In 2001, a study was published in Military Medicine that found DU in the urine of Gulf War veterans. Another study, published by Health Physics in 2004, also showed DU in the urine of Gulf War veterans. A study of UK veterans who thought they might have been exposed to DU showed aberrations in their white blood cell chromosomes. Mice immune cells exposed to uranium exhibit abnormalities.
* Genotoxic mutagens such as uranium should be treated with chelation therapy or other means shortly after exposure. Incorporated uranium becomes uranyl ions, which accumulate in bone, liver, kidney, and reproductive tissues. Uranium can be decontaminated from steel surfaces and aquifers.
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:06, 25 June 2012 (UTC)
- To be included, the studies must be secondary (per WP:MEDRS), explicitly involve discussions of Gulf War Syndrome (per WP:SYNTH) and should reflect the degree to which uranium is thought to be involved in GWS (per WP:UNDUE). The sources I removed a couple months back failed one or more of these criteria, and I see no reason to replace them. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 19:58, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
* The facts established by the WP:SECONDARY sources imply that the above portions are useful and likely to be helpful to readers seeking further information on these topics. Many of the deleted sources are themselves reviews which easily pass WP:MEDRS. Of those which don't, which of them in particular do you believe fail UNDUE or SYNTH? Something is clearly wrong with reference [8], because a 1992 paper can't support a 2005 finding. I wonder how that got in there and why, and what the original 2005-6 reference there must have been. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:56, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
* We only discuss facts verified by secondary sources; if those sources do not make relevant points explicitly, per WP:OR we are not free to make the points usinng primary sources. At minimum, for a source to be used here it should discuss (i.e. use the term) Gulf War syndrome. A second minimum threshold is that it be a review article. Listing the adverse effects of uranium exposure is a task for uranium, and should only be done here using sources that explicitly links uranium to GWS. Unless treatment for uranium exposure has been shown to improve GWS, those treatments shouldn't be used here. I realize I am repeating myself, but really - I shouldn't have to. Explicit, secondary sources are required, not sources you think can be collected together to prove GWS is caused by uranium. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 20:06, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
* Do you consider the decontamination of surfaces and drinking water to be a successful treatment for some of the reproductive symptoms discussed, e.g., in the Hindin and Abu-Musa reviews? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:07, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
* It doesn't matter what I think, what matters is the explicit discussions in the articles. Hindin actually uses the term "Gulf War Syndrome" only once, in the title of an article found in the references. I will review both and give you my opinion, a cursory look at Hindin indicates much of it is a summary of other literature, but there is still value in using it (particularly compared to the primary and inappropriate sources cited above). Abu-Musa, as I say above, should be used with care. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 22:18, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
* Are you opposed on principle to the idea that Gulf War syndrome includes civilians with increased incidence of birth defects? It's been well documented for decades. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:34, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
* My issue is with the broadening, and ossification, of the definition of GWS. Uranium poisoning isn't GWS, it's uranium poisoning. If GW combatants and civilians have uranium poisoning, that has a distinct set of symptoms. If GWS is actually uranium poisoning, this should be easy to demonstrate. Making GWS uranium poisoning and/or poisoning from well fires and/or vaccine reaction and/or... then it's whatever you want. I don't know if I'd even call birth defects "GWS" - they are birth defects (presumably caused by something in the Gulf war). As your removed comment alluded, this page isn't about "any health effect found in Gulf War vets", and I'm not sure such a page should exist. The flat point is - we need sources that explicitly link to the title of the page, not whatever we think GWS actually is. And definitely not a long summary of dubious sources that you think are relevant. Explicit sources, not original research. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 15:50, 29 June 2012 (UTC)
* Why would any article on GWI not include the significant effects observed in civilians or soldiers? As you point out below, there is no medical syndrome in the strict sense, so using the lack of a formal definition for the popular name is a very weak position to be arguing from. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:54, 29 June 2012 (UTC)
* If GWI is uranium poisoning, we should say this. If it's pesticide residue, we should say this. If all of these are proposed, but none are accepted as the cause, we should note this. We shouldn't include a section on how to treat uranium poisoning (or anything else) if it's not considered the cause of GWI. Much like chronic fatigue syndrome or anything else with an uncertain etiology, pathophysiology and the like, we shouldn't attempt to describe it as what we think is most likely. We should describe the undertainty. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 20:23, 29 June 2012 (UTC)
How about "Gulf War illnesses include uranium poisoning."? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:42, 29 June 2012 (UTC)
* If there are reliable sources that explicitly make that link, then yes. But from what I've seen, uranium poisoning is at best considered a potential cause of GWS, it is not definite. For that matter, I believe they're still debating whether GWS even exists. So yes, we can not that some people have proposed uranium is the cause of GWS. But no, we can not say "GWS is caused by uranium poisoning" unless there is general agreement on this point, supported by multiple reliable sources that say, without controversy, that this is the case. And we would have to include the caveats, which means listing all the reason people don't think GWS is caused by uranium. That is neutral. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 23:51, 29 June 2012 (UTC)
* Even if uranium wasn't involved, the illnesses associated with the Gulf War involve multiple toxins and toxicants. Speaking of a single cause is imprecise. What reasons are there that people don't think uranium is one of the causes? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:36, 1 July 2012 (UTC)
* Again I refer to WP:V and WP:OR. It doesn't matter what you think causes GWS or what is imprecise. What matters is what reliable sources say about it. Links between toxins and toxicants are, as far as I am aware, still speculative. The cause(s) of GWS, if it even exists, is/are still proposed, not definite. For the purposes of this page, it doesn't matter what the effects of uranium exposure are, and even less so what the treatments for uranium exposure are. What matters is the number and quality of sources that explicitly link uranium poisoning to GWS. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 19:41, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
* All of the secondary sources but Doyle make that link explicitly. Abu-Musa is the review in your preferred 3-5 year age range, and implicates four teratogens. "Exposure to heavy metals, solvents, paints and pesticides was associated with poor sperm quality, spontaneous abortion, birth defects, and cancer in offspring. Depleted uranium may cause reproductive toxicity, and exposure to it should be followed for increased risk of fertility problems and reproductive cancers." Could it be any more explicit? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:24, 4 July 2012 (UTC)
* Then we use those secondary sources. Abu-Musa may be secondary, but it doesn't refer to GWS specifically and shoudln't be used. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 16:51, 4 July 2012 (UTC)
* That quote is from the section in Abu-Musa on the 1990-1 Gulf War. Until the syndrome committees do their thing, we include illnesses associated with the war. What is the reason for the incessant idea that birth defects should not be included? Because they prove that uranium pyrophorics harm off the battlefield? If not, what is the motivation for this endless opposition? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:05, 4 July 2012 (UTC)
* Abu-Musa doesn't reference GWS, GWS isn't considered "uranium poisoning", and we don't write anything here until the syndrome committees publish their decisions. The reason for not including birth defects is that we need explicit discussion linking birth defects to GWS, and this page is about GWS. The fact that uranium is poisonous is relevant to uranium, unless someone says "GWS is uranium poisoning", it's irrelevant here. The reason for the "endless opposition" is because you keep trying to write what you think GWS is, and wikipedia is not based on what you think. It's about what is verifiable in reliable sources. I keep repeating it because you keep repeating what you believe, not what is explicit in reliable sources. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 11:03, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
* Do either of us have any beliefs about the situation beyond the causes and effects reported in Abu-Musa? "Exposure to heavy metals, solvents, paints and pesticides was associated with poor sperm quality, spontaneous abortion, birth defects, and cancer in offspring. Depleted uranium may cause reproductive toxicity, and exposure to it should be followed for increased risk of fertility problems and reproductive cancers." If there were any evidence contrary to those statements, then why haven't you cited it? I am not trying to push my unsupported beliefs on Wikipedia. I am trying to make the article consistent with the WP:MEDRSs. Why are you so opposed to this? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:11, 6 July 2012 (UTC)
* I have no problem with the article being used to source the effects of war and depleted uranium on human health. I take issue with this article being used on this specific page, because the page is about GWS and Abu-Musa doesn't use the term ever. There's a difference between "people got uranium poisoning during the Gulf Wars" and "GWS is uranium poisoning". At best, uranium is a potential cause of a proposed diagnosis that is itself under debate over whether it even exists. Abu-Musa is a MEDRS, I have no issue with that. It's just irrelevant to this page. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 16:43, 6 July 2012 (UTC)
* And all without a single source supporting the ever more remote possibility that uranium fume inhalation was not a major cause of the illnesses associated with the Gulf War, and against all of the secondary sources which consider the question, because they all say it is. What is the purpose of such determination to contradict the MEDRSs which you were demanding just a few months ago? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:40, 8 July 2012 (UTC)
The point is that the source MUST actually say 'gulf war syndrome' or 'gulf war illness'. If it does not, then we can't use it in this article. To include it would be WP:SYN. --sciencewatcher (talk) 16:03, 8 July 2012 (UTC)
* If you think the section headings in Abu-Musa (2008) don't establish abundant context to include here, you are going to have to come up with a better reason than that he didn't use the word "syndrome" especially since it's not an official syndrome anywhere but MeSH. Such absurdity! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:04, 8 July 2012 (UTC)
* Anony, the page is not about what you think what GWS is. The page is not about what you attribute the symtpoms of GWS to. The page is about what experts have published on GWS. If an article doesn't use the words "Gulf War Syndrome" or "Gulf War Illness" then it shouldn't be used. As SW says, otherwise you (and I mean "you" refering to people in general, but specifically to you as an editor who has been inappropriately attempting to make the article into what you think it should be about) are using wikipedia to promote your own original research. Abu-Musa does not use the term "Gulf War syndrome", "Gulf War illness", "Persial Gulf syndrome" or "Persial Gulf illness". The MESH heading specifies fatigue, joint pain and a whole bunch of other symptoms completely unrelated to fertility, the topic discussed by Abu-Musa. The Abu-Musa article is irrelevant here. It may be about illnesses, disease and fertility in the Persial Gulf, but it is not about Gulf War syndrome. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 14:36, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
* I was just looking at the Depleted Uranium section of the article. There is a whole long spiel of WP:SYN followed by a single sentence saying there is no association between DU and GWS. I think the section should be trimmed down for WP:WEIGHT. --sciencewatcher (talk) 14:47, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
* We should definitely discuss the fact that uranium us a proposed agent in the etiology of GWS, with pro- and con- arguments included. I haven't had a chance to read through the section but I would not be surprised in the least if it was full of inappropriate material. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 15:04, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
* Then what of Hindin (2005)? Can you cite a single WP:MEDRS in support of your assertion that uranium poisoning is not an illness associated with the Gulf War? Of course you can't. It has been months and you have both been utterly unable to support even a tiny aspect of that absurd position to which you seem so wedded. Is this your idea of trying to improve the encyclopedia? Do you think you will get brownie points from someone if you keep trying to sweep the uncomfortable under the rug? Get real. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:43, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
* Hindin doesn't discuss GWS at all - it uses the term once, in the title of a citation. Uranium poisoning isn't GWS, though it's certainly associated with the gulf war. While uranium poisoning may have happened during the Gulf War (and Hindin certainly seems to support this fact), the article fundamentally doesn't discuss Gulf War syndrome. In order to use it, we must make the statement and connection that Gulf War syndrome is uranium poisoning. And per WP:SYNTH, this is inappropriate. Anon, if you want to link GWS and uranium poisoning, start a blog. If you want to talk about uranium poisoning, go elsewhere. There are lots of potential pages such as Gulf War, depleted uranium or you could start uranium poisoning. But the general consensus does not seem to indicate GWS is a synonym for uranium poisoning. Presumably because if GWS were uranium poisoning, they'd simply call it uranium poisoning. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 17:31, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
* Replied at below. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:06, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
Questions
* 1) Does the WP:SECONDARY WP:MEDRS Hindin (2005) pertain to Gulf War illnesses?
* 2) Does any WP:MEDRS source support the GWI-RAC's un-peer reviewed 2008 statement (cited in detail above) that birth defect rates in the Gulf War participants' children are normal and the increases are "modest"? Do all the WP:SECONDARY sources pertaining to the topic except Doyle (2006) contradict that statement? Do at least three of the WP:MEDRS reviews contradict it?
* 3) Should the GWI-RAC be balanced by detractors with a history of greater accuracy if it is replaced as an external link?
* 4) Should the deleted information concerning uranium poisoning and mitigation be replaced?
* 5) Given that there is no official definition of the syndrome, and authorities other than MeSH use the term "Gulf War illness," is it appropriate to discuss uranium poisoning and associated symptoms in the article?
As the discussion above regarding these questions has become difficult, I ask that the mediator Doc James respond. My opinion is: (1) Yes; (2) No; Yes; Yes; (3) Yes; (4) Yes; (5) Yes. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:45, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
* I saw a post at Doc James' talk page, and I came over here. On the first question, it depends? A word count showed "Gulf War" was mentioned numerous times. The potential for toxicity of depeleted uranium has relevance to Gulf War syndrome as it is a possible cause. Maybe we could have a "Background" section with subsections that say "Potential for X toxicity" if they pass WP:MEDRS and relate to the Gulf War. We could simply summarize the science without any original research saying it causes Gulf War syndrome. Biosthmors (talk) 20:20, 14 August 2012 (UTC)
* Thank you. I would be more than happy to agree to structural changes which don't result in the expunging of birth defect and uranium teratology. Are you willing to mediate in place of Doc James? The second paragraph of the introduction makes it clear that uranium exposure isn't a primary cause of most of the GWI symptoms, but I strongly object to separating birth defects out as unrelated because we now have at least three MEDRS reviews and dozens of sources indicating that Gulf War soldiers and civilians ended up with 2x+ birth defects. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:58, 14 August 2012 (UTC)
* I'm willing to discuss this some but I don't know it my input will satisfy all of your concerns. OK, but that doesn't mean the babies have GWS, does it? They seem to have birth defects from what could be a partial cause of GWS. Possible birth defects as a result of uranium exposure from the Gulf War should be documented at the Gulf War page, in my opinion, and not here. We can't document all the possible toxic effects of the Gulf War here, unless sources say they are GWS. Biosthmors (talk) 22:18, 14 August 2012 (UTC)
* On the fourth question, the first sentence "Because uranium is a heavy metal and chemical toxicant with nephrotoxic (kidney-damaging),[1] teratogenic (birth defect-causing),[2][3] immunotoxic,[4] and potentially carcinogenic[5] properties, uranium exposure is associated with a variety of illnesses." is problematic, in my opinion. The reason is the use of the word "because" and an unclear presentation of data. The sentence appears to mix evidence from toxicology studies in animals with epidemiological evidence from humans. @<IP_ADDRESS>, is your position that the complete text in the linked section perfectly acceptable? Biosthmors (talk) 20:37, 14 August 2012 (UTC)
* I would be happy to rephrase that in a way that more effectively conveys the gist. There is a table in Uranium from a 2004 toxicology review describing all the same properties in humans. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:55, 14 August 2012 (UTC)
* I'm glad you are open to rephrasing it. Biosthmors (talk) 22:18, 14 August 2012 (UTC)
* Hindin mentions Gulf War, 86 times. It never uses the term "Gulf War syndrome" or "Gulf War illness", in the main text (GWS appears once in the title of a journal article in the references section). Gulf War syndrome is not synonymous with uranium poisoning, it is at best a proposed association, not a certain one - and if there are sources that make that link explicit, we should use them. If uranium is firmly linked to GWS, it should be easy to provide those sources, meaning we don't need to use sources that don't use the term(s) at all. If we include a discussion of the health effects of uranium on the Gulf War syndrome page, without explicit sources that's an unverified synthesis that uranium causes GWS. I have no problem with GWS being linked to uranium, provided sources are explicit. Hindin is not. It's about uranium poisoning, which has definite, recognized symptoms - from what I know, GWS is a vague cluster of symptoms that vary person to person rather than an exact list.
* Birth defects are birth defects, they are not Gulf War syndrome. This page is not about all possible health effects of uranium poisoning. That should be reserved for uranium. This page is also not about any health effect that can be linked to combat in the Gulf War. It is about Gulf War syndrome, again a vague cluster of varying symptoms with no accepted diagnostic test, no universally-accepted clause or even a concrete list of symptoms.
* The sources mentioned above are problematic, as I indicated in that section, most are primary sources, some are primary sources on mice, and Hindin again, doesn't mention GWS. I dislike having to repeat myself this often, it seems a very minimum threshold that in order to use a document on a page, it should mention the page's name at least once, shouldn't it? Seems obvious to me since our core content policies include verifiability and no original research. The anon, for all of their faith and good intentions, has not addressed these points and merely keeps insisting these sources be used to write his/her preferred version. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 23:57, 14 August 2012 (UTC)
* I disagree strongly because the Abu-Musa MEDRS discusses the civilian birth defects in his section devoted to the 1990-1 Gulf War. You are right that "Gulf War syndrome" lacks a formal definition, but that means "Gulf War illness" refers to all of the illness associated with the Gulf War by the multiple MEDRS reviews, not just those illnesses which you personally do not want to exclude for whatever reason. But, how do you feel about a WP:SUMMARY split into something like Gulf War uranium exposure? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:06, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
* GWS is not "any illness associated with the Gulf War" - unless you can provide those multiple reliable sources that say so explicitly. We know what uranium poisoning is, does it mimic the proposed symptoms of GWS? Is there even a coherent list of such symptoms? Please link to MEDRS to answer each question, this is not an unreasonable request. If you can provide said sources, I will cease to object.
* As I have said repeatedly, Abu-Musa also does not mention Gulf War syndrome at all, making it totally irrelevant here.
* Gulf War uranium exposure would almost certainly be a POV-fork of GWS. I think those materials are best dealt with via uranium and possibly Gulf War.
* Please provide sources for your assertions rather than merely assertions. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 13:18, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
* @IP, I don't understand how your sentence "I disagree strongly because Abu-Musa MEDRS discusses the civilian birth defects in his section devoted to the 1990-1 Gulf War" relates to the discussion. And I don't what part of what WLU said you're disagreeing with either. Your claim that " 'Gulf War illness' refers to all of the illness associated with the Gulf War by the multiple MEDRS reviews" is interesting and has potential implications. Could you link me to links so I can verify that? Toxic effects (or presumable effects) of the Gulf War belong at the Gulf War page first (or uranium page), before we split it out, I think (unless a majority of sources treat Gulf War illness with a different definition than we have for GWS, then it should be created into an article instead of redirected here). @WLU, I agree with what you're saying except I disagree with your statement that "If we include a discussion of the health effects of uranium on the Gulf War syndrome page, without explicit sources that's an unverified synthesis that uranium causes GWS." That is not what OR means, in my opinion. We could clearly state in the beginning of a Background section that while none of these agents are definitely linked to the spectrum of the syndrome, here are their individual toxicities in summary style. Background sections are background. They don't have to use the word of the subject of the article. Biosthmors (talk) 14:09, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
* If the anon IP provides references that make explicit links between uranium and GWS, those references should provide sufficient background on uranium toxicity and related topics such that we probably won't have to go outside of those references. Like all things on wikipedia, it depends on the sources. I think the most important step at this point is to find sources that explicitly say "GWS might be caused by uranium". I have no issue with such a section if the sources (even sources phrasing it as a "might") are there. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 14:40, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
* is a secondary WP:MEDRS review from 2009 which specifically states that depleted uranium is associated with Gulf War illnesses. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:27, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
* The first sentence of the article states that the article is about the illnesses associated with the Gulf War experienced by both civilians and soldiers, and as far as I know that has not been disputed. It's discussed above without objection. There have been several attempts to limit the subject to specific symptoms of the entire cadre of 1991 coalition troops, while ignoring other symptoms of civilians, Iraqi combat veterans, and even US combat veterans as opposed to their wider deployed but non-combat cohort. US troops in Saudi Arabia who did not participate in combat are entirely asymptomatic, and I personally believe that the Doyle review's use of that wider cohort to downplay birth defect statistics is unethical. I would like to know whether others agree or disagree, please. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:58, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
It isn't even used on the page, is it? I've requested a copy and will review it, thank you for providing it. The first sentence actually says "Gulf War syndrome (GWS) or Gulf War illness (GWI) is a chronic multisymptom disorder affecting veterans and civilians after the 1991 Gulf War", this being a wiki, that's not necessarily the most appropriate summary - it depends on the sources. I've requested a half-dozen other recent review articles about GWS, several of which are not used at all and some are used only once. Looks like the whole page needs a pretty thorough rewrite based on more recent documents. For instance, that very review aritcle you provide suggests that no specific toxin or substance has been linked to GWI, and no new syndrome identified - just a lot of hypotheses including uranium exposure. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 15:04, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
* Again, @IP: Your claim that " 'Gulf War illness' refers to all of the illness associated with the Gulf War by the multiple MEDRS reviews" is interesting and has potential implications. Could you link me to links so I can verify that? Biosthmors (talk) 18:41, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
* Here are some of the definitions I am able to find with a cursory search. If you don't think these are consistent with that statement, please let me know why. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:49, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* As was pointed out above, "Gulf War" occurs 88 times in Hindin (2005) which is an article about reproductive illness, although the string "Gulf War illness" does not appear.
* "Service in the Persian Gulf in 1991 is associated with increased reporting of symptoms and distress in a proportion of those who served there. Yet despite clear evidence of an increase in symptom burden and a decrease in well being, exhaustive clinical and laboratory based scientific research has failed to document many reproducible biomedical abnormalities in this group" --
* "a higher incidence of clinical and laboratory abnormalities in veterans of Operations Desert Storm and Desert Shield" --
* "chronic health problems" --
* "Unexplained symptoms reported by veterans of the Persian Gulf War with Iraq in 1991." -- MeSH
* and, very recent papers, have the first uses of the term "Gulf War Syndromes" in the medical literature I can find, and they refers to three of them. But they are apparently confined to very specific neurological abnormalities in fMRI images. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:49, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* I don't see anything you've typed that matches your claim that " 'Gulf War illness' refers to all of the illness associated with the Gulf War by the multiple MEDRS reviews". Please either back up your claim or retract it. Also, maybe you do not understand what original research is? Are you familiar with the concept? Biosthmors (talk) 20:58, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* Why exactly do you believe those excerpts do not support that definition? Can you give an example of an alternative definition which would be consistent with those excerpts? Of course I am familiar with the concept of original research. Those excerpts are from peer reviewed secondary medical literature reviews and the operative NLM definition, not something I just made up. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:01, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* Can you provide a quote from a source that proves that the term Gulf War illness " "refers to all of the illness associated with the Gulf War"? Biosthmors (talk) 21:07, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* Why do you think universal quantification is not implicit? None of those excerpts or any other source says that GWI excludes reproductive illnesses. What makes you think that is the case? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:13, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
Recent edits and removal of dispute tag
WLU recently removed the dispute tag while I was waiting for the mediator to respond to the above. WLU also removed MEDRSs Hindin (2005) and Abu-Musa (2008) which they specifically consented to above, while leaving Shelleh (2012) which they called too new to include. Because of the contrary nature of these inconsistencies, I don't think the edits were made in bad faith, and I'm sorry if my refusal to revert them in an article which had just been fully protected twice because of edit warring was seen as implying that the article was no longer in dispute. I hope the mediator responds soon. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:50, 14 August 2012 (UTC)
I would also like to point out, that for an article which has been in dispute essentially since its creation, it has the best AFTv4 feedback scores I've seen for any article with more than a dozen ratings. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:57, 14 August 2012 (UTC)
* Ya, there is no mediator coming, you didnt' do anything official. I've addressed those sources previously - they are being mis-used, not discussing GWS specifically and conflating GWS with uranium poisoning, which is not considered the definitive cause of what isn't even an accepted diagnosis. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 15:27, 14 August 2012 (UTC)
* I've asked Doc James if he is willing to try to help find another mediator. Why did you remove the dispute tag again, after Sciencewatcher and Kaltenmeyer made incremental edits? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:56, 14 August 2012 (UTC)
* I'm happy with WLU's revert. I didn't really have time to look at the edits this morning...the DU section is a mess and I didn't have time to look at it. Also I wish the admins would stop just continually protecting this page, which doesn't help - the same shit keeps happening again and again. The problem is one user, not a content dispute. Please admins, have a look at the edits. --sciencewatcher (talk) 23:08, 14 August 2012 (UTC)
* I have a feeling that the "one editor" to whom you are referring is not the editor who reverted without discussion prior to all three of the recent full protections. In any case, I'd like to ask you about this edit where your edit summary says "the review doesn't say that at all," but those are direct quotes from page 51 of the Abu-Musa MEDRS, aren't they? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:19, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
* Yes, it's a direct quote, but it is an animal study (nothing to do with GWS). . --sciencewatcher (talk) 03:37, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
* Agreed, Abu-Musa shouldn't be discussed further here since it's fundamentally not about the page's topic. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 13:19, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
* Do you have a source which supports your assertion that reproductive illnesses are not Gulf War illnesses? All of the MEDRSs show that they are associated. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:18, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
* On the contrary, the full excerpted sentence reads: "There was evidence from occupational epidemiology and animal studies that male exposure to heavy metals, solvents, paints and pesticides were associated with poor sperm quality, spontaneous abortion, birth defects and cancer in offspring (Welch et al., 1988; Olshan et al., 1991; Daniels et al., 1997; Savitz et al., 1997)" (emphasis added.) Occupational epidemiology is strictly human medicine. The animal studies are merely to confirm and quantify without breaching human subject ethics. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:18, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
* "occupational epidemiology" is still nothing to do with gulf war illness. What I meant by my edit comment is that you were misrepresenting the source by implying that it had something to do with gulf war illness when it did not. Also your personal views on Dolye are irrelevant. --sciencewatcher (talk) 02:24, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
* Do you believe that the first paragraph of the introduction of Abu-Musa implies that the article pertains to Gulf War illnesses? If not, why not? What do you think statements such as "the review doesn't say that at all" and "it is an animal study (nothing to do with GWS)" imply about whether you are editing in good faith? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:53, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
* Do you have a source that says "Gulf War syndrome causes birth defects"? The page is not "all illness associated with the Gulf War or the Persian Gulf". It is about a specific, proposed clinical entity that, as far as I know, is ill-defined, has no coherent list of symptoms and no agreed-upon etiological agent. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 14:45, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
That is exactly right: it is ill-defined, has no coherent list of symptoms and no agreed-upon etiological agent. So why do you want to exclude what MEDRS reviews say are the illnesses associated with the war? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:54, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* Because this article is not about all the illnesses associated with the war. Please edit the Gulf War page for that. Biosthmors (talk) 21:05, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* That seems absurd. What source do you believe supports excluding some of the illnesses associated with the war? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:07, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* Before I look up a source, let's say soldiers were huffing gasoline to get high and got sick. Should that be covered here? Isn't it an illness associated with the war? Biosthmors (talk) 21:13, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* Of course not. Hindin (2005) and Abu-Musa (2008) both discuss the possibility of causes not unique to war in detail, and dismiss them because of the reproductive health outcome differences between the cohorts exposed to combat and those in their wider cohort (soldiers and civilians, coalition and Iraqi) who were not in combat. Have you read any of the reviews we have been discussing? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:16, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
Bigger problems?
I've tried to help out with a content dispute above, which led me to look up a reliable source. I think we may have bigger problems than are discussed above. This article begins by stating: Gulf War syndrome (GWS) or Gulf War illness (GWI) is a chronic multisymptom disorder affecting veterans and civilians after the 1991 Gulf War. However, when I looked up a reliable secondary source, it says: "the term Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) has entered the lexicon to describe these symptoms, although it is almost certain that no actual new syndrome is involved" Isn't the beginning of the article in direct contradiction to the medical literature? What is the basis for this article? What should it cover? Biosthmors (talk) 21:37, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* Yes, this is discussed above. There is no formal Syndrome beyond very recently described fMRI patterns and the MeSH definition, but per WP:NC we use popular names. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:11, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* Like CFS or fibromyalgia nobody is quite sure of the etiology. I think we may just need to tweak the intro so that it agrees with the reliable reviews if it doesn't already. --sciencewatcher (talk) 22:50, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
I added a discussion of the fact that there are no formal definitions to the "Classification" section. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:35, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
Edit warring and page protection
The page has been the subject of an edit war and under page protection for long stretches of time now. The edit warring has been based solely on the actions of the single anonymous editor, whose points have been addressed repeatedly, and in my opinion more than adequately, without acquiring any consensus that their claims have merit. Rather than the page being held hostage by a single editor who is unable to convince any others of his or her points, I suggest we seek semi-protection to disable anonymous editing and require the points raised be addressed on the talk page instead of through pointless tagging and reverts to the main page. The latest round of edits were simply to tag sections, which is inappropriate since section and article tags are not meant as badges of shame to indicate one person disagrees with the information. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 15:02, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* Agreed...I've been saying this for a while. It's just getting ridiculous now. I wish admins would actually take a look at a page before just slapping on yet another edit protection. --sciencewatcher (talk) 15:12, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* The Protection policy explicitly states that semi-protection is not to be used to give some users the uppper hand in content disputes, and administrators that have to take responsibility for their admin actions, are within their rights to act only within this policy. It is not the role of administrators in general to rule on content disputes, and I'm not going to shut the IP down just because a few editors on one side think they've won the argument, particularly as no avenues beyond discussing on the talk page have really been tried. The IP wants a mediator, apparently there isn't one coming - how about getting one? - WP:MEDCOM is available. WP:DRN can also be used as a first step. CT Cooper ·  talk 17:29, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* I came here to discuss some things with the IP and WLU as a "third party"/unofficial mediator. The most interesting thing I've seen so far is that the IP has made a significant claim, but has not yet directed me to the reliable sources, as one can see above. Biosthmors (talk) 17:48, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* The sources are all the ones cited above on this page. I have replied with excerpts at above. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:58, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* (ec) Replied above. Biosthmors (talk) 20:59, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* If Hindin (2005), Abu-Musa (2008), Shelleh (2012), and do not satisfy your criteria for peer-reviewed WP:SECONDARY WP:MEDRS reviews linking uranium to the causes of some of the observed symptoms of Gulf War illness, please let me know why. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:02, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* In general, we don't cite sources that do not directly relate information to the subject unless we're writing a background section. That way we avoid original research. Does that help? Biosthmors (talk) 21:04, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* No, you seem to think there is some reason to exclude reproductive illnesses from the symptoms to be discussed here, but you have not provided any source in support of that opinion. Would you please answer the question: Do those four literature reviews link uranium to Gulf War illnesses or not? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:10, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* Sorry, but I'm not about to read four papers to respond. Can you please provide a direct quote from a reliable source that shows reproductive illnesses are part of Gulf war syndrome? Biosthmors (talk) 21:16, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* There is no formal definition of the syndrome, and the excerpts I quoted above in are the usual definitions of GWI. None of them exclude any particular set of symptoms or imply that there is any exclusive set of symptoms. If you aren't willing to read the reviews, I don't think you can be qualified to mediate the disputes. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:25, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
ip: the point is that we can't just include any old research having to do with illness in the persian gulf. We can ONLY include it if the reference specifically mentions 'gulf war syndrome' or 'gulf war illness'. That is just how wikipedia works, and it's a waste of time trying to argue otherwise.
CT Cooper: this isn't a content dispute, it is one individual with a COI edit-warring and ignoring wikipedia rules. Even so we have had two mediators and it hasn't helped. --sciencewatcher (talk) 22:46, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* The vast majority of the undisputed sources in the article do not use the term "gulf war illness" or "gulf war syndrome" because there are no formal definitions for those terms. The vast majority of the sources on PubMed which include the terms "Gulf War" and refer to soldier or civilian illnesses (about 1500) do not use the term "Gulf War illness" (about 90) for the same reason. Your only edits here have been to try to remove mention of reproductive illnesses associated with the war. Why? And how can you possibly claim that isn't a content dispute? I have no COI: I'm not a veteran and I've never been near the Middle East; nor do I have any friends or family who have. I simply object to the endless attempts to whitewash the plain language of the secondary peer reviewed sources pertaining to reproductive illnesses from the article. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:10, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* The problem isn't that we are refusing to include reproductive issues, the problem is the most recent secondary sources indicate that no such issues have been soundly linked to GWS.
* CT Cooper's suggestion is a good one - the last time I took something to DRN it was resolved relatively quickly, and featured similar issues. When it became obvious the issue was one party didn't understand or wasn't willing to adhere to wikipedia's policies, the issue was closed. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 23:51, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
* To which "most recent secondary sources" do you refer? All of the MEDRSs except Doyle (2006) which touch on the subject confirm such a link, including Hindin, which you have deleted entirely from the article at least three times now even though you agreed to include it above, Abu-Musa, and Shelleh. This fact has been the case since the Arfsten (2001) review. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:01, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
* You admitted here that you had written a letter to the VA asking about research. There is nothing wrong with that of course or any type of COI, but it can be a red flag along with other factors. It's frankly insane to say that WLU or I are trying to remove mention of reproductive illness from the article. I'm happy to go along with DRN if it gets this sorted out. --sciencewatcher (talk) 01:47, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
* Yes, I've emailed and phoned the VA to learn more about the subject, but everything I've added to the article is sourced to the peer reviewed literature, and I have no COI on the subject. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:45, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
* I did indeed initially say Hindin was an acceptable source. However, I subsequently stated, twice that it was not acceptable because it did not discuss GWS explicitly - a point echoed by several other editors now. Hindin confirms no link between GWS and any other condition, because it does not discuss GWS. It does discuss uranium poisoning, which other sources link to GWS, but it would be an inappropriate synthesis to link them. You know this. I dislike repeating such basic objections. I dislike even more when other editors cherry-pick my statements to completely misrepresent my opinions. It is for reasons like these that I think dispute resolution will end up with the mediator saying you are wrong and should stop POV-pushing. CT Cooper may have objected to the use of page protection on procedural grounds, but that's not the same thing as endorsing your view on GWS. Nobody to date has done so, several have voiced valid, policy-based objections, and you have failed to acknowledge these objections and continued to repeat your points without adequate references to back them up. The same issues arise with Abu-Musa and Shelleh, none actually discuss GWS, they discuss topics, events and pathogens that happen to be in the Persian Gulf region. Several editors have pointed out that GWS is not the same thing as "any adverse effect that happens in the Persian Gulf", but I have yet to see you acknowledge this point. How do you reconcile the use of these sources with the policy on original research? Such questions will be asked at DRN, so you might as well think about what you're going to say now. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 02:08, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
* Hindin refers to the Gulf War more than 80 times. It's absurd to say it doesn't refer to GWI when less than 100 out of 1500 PubMed articles describing Gulf War illnesses include the string "Gulf War illness" or syndrome. Illnesses associated with those exposed to combat and battlefields of the 1991 Gulf War by the peer reviewed medical literature are very different than "any adverse effect that happens in the Persian Gulf" and clearly differentiated as such in the MEDRSs we've been discussing. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:54, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
It's not absurd, it's simply wrong to say GWS is uranium poisoning and OR to use Hindin in this article. You're the only POV-pushing editor who thinks it should be used, everyone else agrees that it is inappropriate. Consensus is against you. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 12:07, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
* just a note, the anon editor is none other than user:Nrcprm2026 and you should treat him accordingly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:02, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
* That statement has my attention, but what is the basis for it? CT Cooper ·  talk 15:09, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
* Seems highly likely, looking at the edit logs (and this banned user has also petitioned the VA). --sciencewatcher (talk) 15:31, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
* Also, both the ip user and the banned user are from Denver. --sciencewatcher (talk) 16:07, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
* See Sockpuppet investigations/Dualus. (I'm not the 74.82 user; I was watching this page for info for the SPI report). --Amble (talk) 16:17, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
* Whoever is making the edits, the two sources added last night look like WP:MEDRS reviews which clearly link DU to GWI. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:52, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
* It was the other edits I was reverting. I was going to fix it, but I don't have time now so I've just reverted back. Interesting that a new ip address shows up once we under the other banned user's sockpuppet. Also interesting that <IP_ADDRESS> is a server in Montreal, so obviously someone trying to hide their real ip. --sciencewatcher (talk) 21:21, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
* And another new user (Pinre) pops up, probably another sock. This is getting ridiculous. Admins - have your opinions on page protection changed perhaps? --sciencewatcher (talk) 23:17, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
* I've reviewed the evidence, and on the balance of probabilities, I think we are dealing with a banner user - which makes this a lot easier. Therefore I have semi-protected the page for a month, which should calm things down on the article front. Further admin action can be taken as necessary. CT Cooper ·  talk 01:36, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
Bear with me for a bit
I've got a couple new sources (already identified, Friedl and Iverson) that I plan on integrating along with some of the changes made in the past couple days. The new sources are fairly negative about GWS being something new or a coherent clinical entity with a single etiology, but still make interesting comments. I'll try to be quick but it may take me a couple hours, I've added underconstruction but it may look like I'm not actually working on the page. If I can beg for some time... WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 14:22, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
* Fuck a duck.
* Wow, the page is a gong show. It asserts that some causes have been linked to GWS that the RAC 2008 report says have been ruled out, and other causes are ruled out that the RAC 2008 report says are still valid. I don't know if this is due to aging of sources, but it looks like thos whole page was written a couple years back and simply not updated wholesale. The whole page needs a lot of work, and it's simply beyond me timewise right now. I've taken down the under construction tag and have given up for a while, but the page still needs a lot of work - and editors need to do a lot of reading before assuming they know what's going on. The RAC report says there are two pretty much solid links between GWS/GWI and anti-nerve gas agents and pesticides, that needs to be developed. Anyway, done for now, giving up (temporarily) in frustration. This'll take some time but is worth it methinks. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 15:55, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
* Yes, definitely. I had a go with this article a year or so ago and tidied it up a bit, but I didn't have the time to give it a proper overhaul. Part of the problem is that (like CFS) there is no real agreement over what causes it. The VA in particular have changed their opinion. Originally they looked at stress, but then (under pressure from veterans) they they said stress had been ruled out (although their logic is a little dubious, as you'll see if you dig into why they said that). As far as I can see, other researchers still believe that stress could be a cause. If you look at the major reviews - if my memory serves - you'll see they say there is disagreement about whether it is psychiatric or not, but we're not reflecting that viewpoint at all in the article. --sciencewatcher (talk) 17:35, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
* Though I think we can, and should, rely heavily on the RAC reports, their vulnerability to lobbying by veterans' groups is unsurprising. We should absolutely go outside of just that document when we have the sources available - though my searches didn't turn up a whole lot of useful stuff. At least we can consider the DU issue pretty much dead and eliminate it from the page as a cause needing treatment. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 17:50, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
* I'd suggest reading the full-text of Iverson (http://ia201120.eu.archive.org/ea/20070108123845/http://kcl.ac.uk/kcmhr/information/publications/articles/gulf_war/lessons_iversen.pdf). We reference this in the article, but don't really include anything from it. This is about the only decent review I can find apart from the VA stuff, and it presents a very different picture from the VA. It's from 2007, but to be honest there hasn't really been much more research done since then. --sciencewatcher (talk) 18:43, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
* Agreed, there's a LOT of stuff that needs to be read and integrated. I'm surprised (or perhaps not) that anon would push to integrate 2012 articles on uranium in veteran's urine, but not spend more time on actual review articles on real causes. Uranium has been ruled out for eff's sake, by RAC - which goes on to say there are definite links to organophosphate pesticides and anti-nerve agent pills! By chopping out some of the unrelated drek and nonsense, hopefully it's closer to a more reasonable page and less intimidating to try and update all of it. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 19:47, 23 August 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
clang 10.0.0svn
Functions
SemaLambda.cpp File Reference
#include "clang/Sema/DeclSpec.h"
#include "TypeLocBuilder.h"
#include "clang/AST/ASTLambda.h"
#include "clang/AST/ExprCXX.h"
#include "clang/Basic/TargetInfo.h"
#include "clang/Sema/Initialization.h"
#include "clang/Sema/Lookup.h"
#include "clang/Sema/Scope.h"
#include "clang/Sema/ScopeInfo.h"
#include "clang/Sema/SemaInternal.h"
#include "clang/Sema/SemaLambda.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
Include dependency graph for SemaLambda.cpp:
Go to the source code of this file.
Functions
static Optional< unsigned > getStackIndexOfNearestEnclosingCaptureReadyLambda (ArrayRef< const clang::sema::FunctionScopeInfo *> FunctionScopes, VarDecl *VarToCapture)
Examines the FunctionScopeInfo stack to determine the nearest enclosing lambda (to the current lambda) that is 'capture-ready' for the variable referenced in the current lambda (i.e. More...
static TemplateParameterListgetGenericLambdaTemplateParameterList (LambdaScopeInfo *LSI, Sema &SemaRef)
static bool isInInlineFunction (const DeclContext *DC)
Determine whether the given context is or is enclosed in an inline function. More...
static EnumDeclfindEnumForBlockReturn (Expr *E)
If this expression is an enumerator-like expression of some type T, return the type T; otherwise, return null. More...
static EnumDeclfindEnumForBlockReturn (ReturnStmt *ret)
Attempt to find a type T for which the returned expression of the given statement is an enumerator-like expression of that type. More...
static EnumDeclfindCommonEnumForBlockReturns (ArrayRef< ReturnStmt *> returns)
Attempt to find a common type T for which all of the returned expressions in a block are enumerator-like expressions of that type. More...
static void adjustBlockReturnsToEnum (Sema &S, ArrayRef< ReturnStmt *> returns, QualType returnType)
Adjust the given return statements so that they formally return the given type. More...
static void addFunctionPointerConversion (Sema &S, SourceRange IntroducerRange, CXXRecordDecl *Class, CXXMethodDecl *CallOperator)
Add a lambda's conversion to function pointer, as described in C++11 [expr.prim.lambda]p6. More...
static void addBlockPointerConversion (Sema &S, SourceRange IntroducerRange, CXXRecordDecl *Class, CXXMethodDecl *CallOperator)
Add a lambda's conversion to block pointer. More...
static LambdaCaptureDefault mapImplicitCaptureStyle (CapturingScopeInfo::ImplicitCaptureStyle ICS)
Function Documentation
◆ addBlockPointerConversion()
static void addBlockPointerConversion ( Sema S,
SourceRange IntroducerRange,
CXXRecordDecl Class,
CXXMethodDecl CallOperator
)
static
Add a lambda's conversion to block pointer.
Definition at line 1436 of file SemaLambda.cpp.
Referenced by clang::Sema::BuildLambdaExpr().
◆ addFunctionPointerConversion()
static void addFunctionPointerConversion ( Sema S,
SourceRange IntroducerRange,
CXXRecordDecl Class,
CXXMethodDecl CallOperator
)
static
Add a lambda's conversion to function pointer, as described in C++11 [expr.prim.lambda]p6.
Definition at line 1276 of file SemaLambda.cpp.
Referenced by clang::Sema::BuildLambdaExpr().
◆ adjustBlockReturnsToEnum()
static void adjustBlockReturnsToEnum ( Sema S,
ArrayRef< ReturnStmt *> returns,
QualType returnType
)
static
Adjust the given return statements so that they formally return the given type.
It should require, at most, an IntegralCast.
Definition at line 666 of file SemaLambda.cpp.
◆ findCommonEnumForBlockReturns()
static EnumDecl* findCommonEnumForBlockReturns ( ArrayRef< ReturnStmt *> returns)
static
Attempt to find a common type T for which all of the returned expressions in a block are enumerator-like expressions of that type.
Definition at line 645 of file SemaLambda.cpp.
References findEnumForBlockReturn(), and clang::TagDecl::hasNameForLinkage().
Referenced by clang::Sema::deduceClosureReturnType().
◆ findEnumForBlockReturn() [1/2]
static EnumDecl* findEnumForBlockReturn ( Expr E)
static
If this expression is an enumerator-like expression of some type T, return the type T; otherwise, return null.
Pointer comparisons on the result here should always work because it's derived from either the parent of an EnumConstantDecl (i.e. the definition) or the declaration returned by EnumType::getDecl() (i.e. the definition).
Definition at line 573 of file SemaLambda.cpp.
References clang::Type::getAs(), clang::Expr::getType(), and clang::Expr::IgnoreParens().
Referenced by findCommonEnumForBlockReturns(), and findEnumForBlockReturn().
◆ findEnumForBlockReturn() [2/2]
static EnumDecl* findEnumForBlockReturn ( ReturnStmt ret)
static
Attempt to find a type T for which the returned expression of the given statement is an enumerator-like expression of that type.
Definition at line 636 of file SemaLambda.cpp.
References findEnumForBlockReturn(), and clang::ReturnStmt::getRetValue().
◆ getGenericLambdaTemplateParameterList()
static TemplateParameterList* getGenericLambdaTemplateParameterList ( LambdaScopeInfo LSI,
Sema SemaRef
)
inlinestatic
◆ getStackIndexOfNearestEnclosingCaptureReadyLambda()
static Optional<unsigned> getStackIndexOfNearestEnclosingCaptureReadyLambda ( ArrayRef< const clang::sema::FunctionScopeInfo *> FunctionScopes,
VarDecl VarToCapture
)
inlinestatic
Examines the FunctionScopeInfo stack to determine the nearest enclosing lambda (to the current lambda) that is 'capture-ready' for the variable referenced in the current lambda (i.e.
VarToCapture). If successful, returns the index into Sema's FunctionScopeInfo stack of the capture-ready lambda's LambdaScopeInfo.
Climbs down the stack of lambdas (deepest nested lambda - i.e. current lambda - is on top) to determine the index of the nearest enclosing/outer lambda that is ready to capture the VarToCapture being referenced in the current lambda. As we climb down the stack, we want the index of the first such lambda - that is the lambda with the highest index that is 'capture-ready'.
A lambda 'L' is capture-ready for 'V' (var or this) if:
• its enclosing context is non-dependent
• and if the chain of lambdas between L and the lambda in which V is potentially used (i.e. the lambda at the top of the scope info stack), can all capture or have already captured V. If VarToCapture is 'null' then we are trying to capture 'this'.
Note that a lambda that is deemed 'capture-ready' still needs to be checked for whether it is 'capture-capable' (see getStackIndexOfNearestEnclosingCaptureCapableLambda), before it can truly capture.
Parameters
FunctionScopes- Sema's stack of nested FunctionScopeInfo's (which a LambdaScopeInfo inherits from). The current/deepest/innermost lambda is at the top of the stack and has the highest index.
VarToCapture- the variable to capture. If NULL, capture 'this'.
Returns
An Optional<unsigned> Index that if evaluates to 'true' contains the index (into Sema's FunctionScopeInfo stack) of the innermost lambda which is capture-ready. If the return value evaluates to 'false' then no lambda is capture-ready for VarToCapture.
Definition at line 63 of file SemaLambda.cpp.
References clang::DeclContext::Equals(), clang::Decl::getDeclContext(), clang::getLambdaAwareParentOfDeclContext(), clang::sema::CapturingScopeInfo::ImpCap_None, clang::sema::CapturingScopeInfo::ImpCaptureStyle, clang::sema::CapturingScopeInfo::isCaptured(), clang::sema::CapturingScopeInfo::isCXXThisCaptured(), clang::DeclContext::isDependentContext(), clang::isLambdaCallOperator(), and clang::DeclContext::isTranslationUnit().
◆ isInInlineFunction()
static bool isInInlineFunction ( const DeclContext DC)
static
Determine whether the given context is or is enclosed in an inline function.
Definition at line 263 of file SemaLambda.cpp.
References clang::DeclContext::getLexicalParent(), and clang::DeclContext::isFileContext().
Referenced by clang::Sema::getCurrentMangleNumberContext().
◆ mapImplicitCaptureStyle()
static LambdaCaptureDefault mapImplicitCaptureStyle ( CapturingScopeInfo::ImplicitCaptureStyle ICS)
static | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:GamingWHC68
I am a 43 year old native Montanan...Married four years....I enjoy such hobbies as Video Gaming and being online and swimming...I enjoy eating out at nice restaurants ... I also enjoy reading and swimming....It seems like I am always looking up stuff on here or Googling things to find out about... | WIKI |
Medical and Psychiatric Sleep Disorders
A significant body of knowledge is accumulating on the role of sleep and its disruption in the causes and prognosis of a variety of Medical and Psychiatric Disorders. It is now well established that poor sleep can contribute to dysfunction of the immune system and that in some psychiatric disorders where sleep disruption is prominent, adequate treatment of the sleep disorder may improve prognosis.
Anxiety Disorders
Individuals with chronic Anxiety are recognised by friends, family and colleagues as being ‘nervous’, ‘tense’, ‘uptight’ and ‘always been a worrier’. Between 50% and 70% of people with Generalised anxiety Disorder report trouble sleeping and often report difficulty falling asleep because they cannot stop thinking about things at bedtime. There is ample scientific evidence from Polysomnography (PSG) testing to indicate that Anxiety Disorders result in problems of falling asleep and problems staying asleep. There is also evidence that adequate treatment of the sleep problems in these patients results in improvement of the anxiety symptoms and general functioning.
The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) lists the following core criteria for the diagnosis of Generalised Anxiety Disorder:
1. Excessive Anxiety and worry on most days for at least the past 6 months;
2. The person finds it difficult to control the worry;
3. The worry is associated with at least 3 of the following symptoms
• Restlessness or feeling on edge;
• Being easily fatigued;
• Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank;
• Irritability;
• Muscle Tension;
• Sleep Disturbances including difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep or restless unsatisfying sleep.
For more information on these problems please contact us.
Panic Disorder
The characteristic feature of panic disorder is the recurrent, unexpected occurrence of Panic Attacks that can occur in almost any environment or time of day. These are episodes when a person experiences a high degree of anxiety which is associated with symptoms such as heart palpitations, difficulty breathing, a sense of choking, chest pain, dizziness, feelings of unreality and gastrointestinal disturbances. Patients with Panic disorder frequently report being woken from sleep by a panic attack feeling a sensation of choking and rushing to the nearest window to get some air. These Sleep Panic Attacks occur in up to 70% of people with Panic Disorder.
People with Panic Disorder experience these panic attacks on a frequent basis and as result may become afraid of going to places or situations that they associate with previous panic attacks. At its worst, these people may become totally housebound and unable to work or live according their previous norms. Panic Disorder is three times more common in Women as opposed to men and the average age at which it begins is 22 years.
Sleep complaints by patients with panic disorder include Insomnia, restless, broken sleep, and the more disabling Sleep Panic Attacks or Nocturnal Panic.
The combination of Medical Treatment with Cognitive therapy is highly effective in returning the patient to a normal life.
For more information on these problems please contact us.
Depression
Depression or depressive disorders refer to a constellation of symptoms in which mood related symptoms are the predominant feature.
The core features of Depression are summarised below:
1. Depressed Mood most of the day, nearly everyday, for at least two weeks;
2. Decreased interest or pleasure in almost all daily activities;
3. Insomnia or excessive sleepiness;
4. Significant loss of weight and appetite;
5. Psychomotor Agitation or Retardation;
6. Fatigue and Loss of energy;
7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt;
8. Decreased ability to concentrate;
9. Preoccupation with Morbid thoughts such as death and dying
More than 80% of patients with depression complain of Insomnia with remainder complaining of excessive sleepiness.
Many patients with Depression report an improvement in their Depressive symptoms after their sleep pattern has returned to normal.
The Sleep Problems in patients with Depression is the most studied of all the psychiatric disorders.
The Sleep Disturbances in Depression are summarised below
1. Problems with the Continuity of Sleep – patients with depression characteristically have a prolonged sleep onset and increased wakefulness during sleep. Early morning waking is also considered a characteristic symptom;
2. Slow-Wave Sleep Deficits – Patients with depression have a decreased amount of Slow-Wave sleep (or deep sleep) especially during the first half of the night;
3. Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep abnormalities – The time from falling asleep to the onset of REM sleep is reduced in patients with depression – this decrease in REM onset latency is one of the most robust findings in depression. Other abnormalities of REM sleep include a longer duration of the first REM period, an increased number of rapid eye movements (REM Density) and an overall increase in the percentage of REM sleep
For more information on these problems please contact us.
Dementia
The term Dementia refers to a group of illnesses that have as their essential feature loss of memory associated with degeneration of the brain. The most frequent type of Dementia is Alzheimer’s Disease. Other causes of Dementia are Parkinson’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease, Fatal Familial Insomnia and vascular or Multi-Infarct Dementia.
The following Sleep Disorders occur frequently in patients with Dementia:
1. Sleep Apnoea
2. Sundowning – a state similar to delirium that occurs in the early evening
3. Sleep Disruption at night
4. REM Sleep Dyscontrol
5. Forced Awakenings from Sleep
6. Disturbances of the Circadian/Biological Clock
For more information on these problems please contact us. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Katherine Rothman
Katherine M. Rothman is the CEO and founder of KMR Communications, Inc.
Prior to founding KMR Communications, Inc Ms. Rothman was the Vice President of Amanda Beth Uhry Public Relations in New York. Fempreneur Magazine selected Katherine as one of its top 30 female entrepreneurs in the nation. Ms. Rothman is on the committee of The United Cerebral Palsy's Women Who Care Luncheon whose hosts include Robin Givens, Paula Zahn, Donna Hanover, Lauren Bush, and Petra Nemcova.
She was a featured speaker at the 11th annual Society of Hair Restoration Symposium and is a frequent annual speaker at The Day Spa Association trade show at The Jacob Javits Center in New York. Katherine has devoted a portion of her free time to charitable causes such as Make-A-Wish Foundation and was responsible for coordinating an event for 2,000 guests at Radio City Music Hall to raise money for the organization. She was also affiliated with DISHES, The Group for the Southfork, as well as the Jewish Guild For The Blind. She was an active member of the Little Baby Face Foundation. She has also participated in the charity "Kids In Candyland" to benefit the Lexox Hill Neighborhood House. The National Register also named her in their Who's Who list of executives and professionals for their 2002-2004 editions. Fempreneur Magazine selected Katherine as one of its top 30 female entrepreneurs in the nation.
Ms. Rothman has appeared on CNN, CBS The Early Show, Bravo TV’s Real Housewives of New York City, and has been quoted and featured in numerous publications. She attended American University, New York University and received her B.A. from Marymount Manhattan College. | WIKI |
Talk:Lita (wrestler)/Archive 1
RUMOURS
Please note as this is urgent to the page:
I've removed comments relating to her current relationship status as it is unknown if she is with Adam Copeland and it will remain so until one of them (not Matt Hardy, not a wrestling "news" site, not a random "source" but Adam or Amy) states conclusively the status of their relationship and a link is provided to back this up. Unless this is so, any comments on the situation should be REMOVED! I hope I have your agreement in this.
Move to Amy Dumas
It seems much better to keep the real name as the head of the article rather than keeping it in brackets. CMC 03:17, Dec 30, 2004 (UTC)
Bebo's and MySpaces
To anyone in any doubt, Amy does not currently have a Bebo or MySpace. When she does, it will be announced via ADORE or via the Luchagors MySpace where Amy definitely posts messages. This is a band MySpace so therefore more reliable than Adam's gimmicky MySpace which is unlikely to be controlled by him.
Therefore, anything said on "Amy" bebos or MySpaces shouldn't go on her page. Unless its confirmed by her, her personal info needs to stay as it is. No exceptions.
Amy does have an official myspace now. Look on luchagors top for it!
Links to social networking sites, (i.e. MySpace) are not allowed in Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's External Link Policy for more information. Also, please remember to sign your comments. Thanks. B mg 9 1 6 Speak to Me 00:01, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
Trivia section
I've moved all the notable and/or salient points of the "Trivia" section to fit in the article. The trivia section was becoming just a long list of random tidbits and not really an "article" like every other bio article on the Wiki. Dismas 06:22, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
The grammar on this page is horrendous, absolutely needs to be cleaned up!!
Current relationship with Hardy/Adam
I have removed comments related to this. There is no evidence other than Internet heresay as to whether she is dating Adam or still friends with Matt so it is best left blank either way. It could be mentioned that Matt and Amy have had dinner but it should be said that Edge said this on Byte This and he said that the reason was for "closure". Any speculation on the status of Adam and Amy's relationship and Amy and Matt's relationship, is just that, speculation. She may well be with Edge. She may not be friends with Hardy
You don't know.
Can we NOT paste articles from wrestling "news" sites? A wrestling news site should be considered unreliable until proven right as they have been wrong many times before.
Also, nothing relating to Adam and his relationship status (again, according to news sites which are falsely reporting him as still married). This is an Amy page, not Adam's.
User:Nathanemile- Even though this is not Adam's page. I would like to put up the fact that he won the title last week. I think it's important because Lita was a factor in the match.
* Just to point out, whether it'll be used on this page or not, it doesn't matter but since it was brought up, Adam has confirmed that he is in fact single and eyewitnesses at one of Lita's concerts with her band have said that it seems Lita's dating one of her bandmates but at this point, that is neither confirmed or denied: —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
MySpace status does not count as confirmation - by confirmation, I mean a quote in an interview seeing that MySpace automatically sets the status to single. There is no evidence whatsoever to back up the claim that Lita is dating one of her bandmates so the relationship status should stay as unknown. In fact, I've heard eye witness accounts state the opposite. In fact, if we're going by MySpaces, Lita is not dating anyone from her band. Nothing should go up unless quoted by Amy Dumas or her other half, whoever it is.
Pregnant?
There's been rumours around saying that Amy is pregnant. Is there any truth to this?--sonicKAI 15:33, 17 March 2006 (UTC)
Evidentally, she's not. Last week she wrestled Torrie. So, it doesn't look like it is. By now you probably know this, but I'm just saying this to clear it up.
Fansites
I don't know WHO keeps deleting Unique Beings from the fansites list, but that site happens to belong to a friend of mine, and it definitely qualifies as a fansite for Amy...please stop deleting. It's annoying and rude.
* deleted it because it isnt just a lita fansite, it doesnt matter if you find it annoying or not and its not classed as being rude, if you want you sites added put it on WWE Diva as those sites include other divas on the site aswell. (Lil crazy thing 14:41, 29 January 2006 (UTC))
* Number one, I don't believe anyone died and made you own the site. Number two, it is STILL a fansite for AMY, not for Lita because Lita doesn't exist. Number three, can you like use punctuation and proper sentence structure? Maybe some proper word choices as well?
* External links cited in wrestler articles should pertain mostly to the particular wrestler, and not be a "catch-all" site. It's not "rude" to hold an article up to a standard, or to enforce that standard. - Chadbryant 21:35, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
I know what you mean. People will try to own this site. Legit Lita fansite have been deleted many times. And Lita does exist. It's the charactor Amy plays on Raw. I know what you ment by that, though.-NathanEmile
* Wikipedia is not a link farm. Just because a site exists about a subject, doesn't mean it should be listed here. See Wikipedia:External links for more information. --Jtalledo (talk) 03:02, 28 May 2006 (UTC)
Moonsault's Name? = LitaSault
If we're going according to the WWE Fantasy thing on WWE.com (see Carlito's Back Cracker,, Paul Burchill's Walk the Plank, etc.) then shouldn't her finisher stay as the Litasault? Methnor 08:00, 29 May 2006 (UTC)
* No, as her WWE.com profile identifies the move as the "Moonsault". McPhail 15:34, 29 May 2006 (UTC)
Iv'e heard J.R. refer to the move as the Litasualt many times.User:Killswitch Engage
* Ross also refers to every second move as a "hellacious slam". Both WWE.com and all the referenced websites used moonsault, not Litasault. Litasault is a name created by the makers of the SmackDown! games, not WWE. McPhail 18:21, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
* Again, it is/was called the Litasault in WWE Fantasy, and it's not called that in SDvR06 anyway (don't know about the earlier games...). And, like I said, Burchill's move is called Walking The Plank on his article, because that's how it's called on WWE Fantasy (at least, that was the explanation given when I removed it a while back), however his WWE.com profile page calls it a Backflip Uranage Slam. M e t h n o r Talk to me!
This is where you start to puzzle me McPhail, when Styles apparently said that Mickie's finisher is called the 'MickieDT' ONCE! You began advocating it being written all over her page, as if that is the official name of the move. But Lita's moves consistantly for 4 years have been called the Litasault and Litabomb, you still refuse to accept it. The level of hypocrisy is sickening. It seems like you and a few others just want to do what you want to do on wikipedia to push your weight around. (Fr3nZi3 23:33, 26 June 2006 (UTC))
* When did I advocate that "MickieDT" be "written all over her page"? McPhail 15:17, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
---'''It seems like you and a few others just want to do what you want to do on wikipedia to push your weight around. "Fr3nZi3"---I totally agree with you Fr3nZi3'''
Lita's Moonsault is called Litasault. Everytime I come back to Lita's page and I fix her Finishing Moves McPhail here always goes back and changes it to just moonsault. Any fan of Lita knows the it is called Litasault and that her DDT is also called Lita DDT. On WWE Fantasy it is also called Litasault.
Thank you very much! I have beocme sick and tired of the people here on Wikipedia that are just here to puntificate and boss people around! The move is called the Litasault and the Lita DDT and that how it shall remain as long as I have anything to say about it! --Fr3nZi3 16:33, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
For the record, the term 'Lita DDT' only appeared in the Smackdown! video games. I wonder what makes you think that is the official term?
* Fr3nzi3, what are you nagging about? If you're so hung up on getting the official names of Lita's moves, then you have to go by WWE and not by JR. For one, I've have plenty of media on my computer than can prove you wrong that Lita's moonsault is officially regarded as a Litasault. It isn't. It's been documented by the WWE to be the moonsault. Her DDT is regarded as just that, a DDT by the WWE BUT, she uses a variation of the DDT which is a snap/pendulum DDT which JR most recently called an Impaler DDT but otherwise, the WWE and not even JR considers the DDT to have Lita's name associated to it. Her top rope hurricarana is called a Litacarana but that's the only thing that's both officialized by both the WWE and by JR's commentating. Relying solely on what JR commentates isn't reliable seeing as how other commentators don't always use the same terms as JR does when calling a match. I'm not saying the Litasault hasn't been used before, but don't make it seem as though it's been officialized, otherwise, the WWE would be the first to have it listed: —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
Finishing Move
Shouldn't the finisher be Leg Swinging DDT instead of Snap DDT? Levodevo 18:00, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
Who sez it is the Lita DDT? You? If so, then stop wasting your time making pointless contributions. Use a credible or official source to back up your claims, like WWE Fantasy or JR's commentary for 'Litasault'.
The WWE site calls it a DDT, so it should be named DDT and in paraenthesis Leg Swing Snap DDT,cause thats the technical name for it. Lita DDT is used in the Smackdwon Vs Raw 2006 game and thats the only time ive heard it been called that
...I never said anything about a Lita DDT...I've heard her DDT called a leg-swinging DDT many times and was justr asking a simple question about whether or not it should be called that. You don't have to be so mean. Levodevo 21:11, 19 October 2006 (UTC)
The proper term for her variation of the DDT is a Snap DDT but recently, I've noticed JR referring to it as the Impaler DDT but I guess Snap DDT would be the most technical term to go by while DDT would be the official name to go by. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
Requested move
* Amy Dumas → Lita (wrestler) … Rationale: Better known under this name. Tromboneguy0186 01:50, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
Survey
* Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one-sentence explanation, then sign your opinion with ~
* Oppose, it would be better if "Lita" had a last name too, too bad the wrestler doesn't. --Vlame 07:30, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
* Neutral; while Lita is certainly the better known name, she has only used it for six years, and both her book and her animal charity use her real name. In addition, the angle with Edge has increased public awareness of her real name. McPhail 13:22, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
* Oppose for ease of disambiguation purposes. --Jtalledo (talk) 15:49, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
* Oppose; It'd be easier and more effective to simply add a redirect to this page at a disambiguation page for "Lita".--Cheezymadman 03:55, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
* OPPOSE Practically everybody who watches WWE RAW knows her real name. --sonicKAI 14:06, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
* Oppose, for the reasons I stated here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mike_Plotcheck#Discussion. Tuckdogg 23:34, 30 June 2006 (UTC)
* Oppose - Even though WP:NC would lead us to prefer ring names over real names (as a ring name is often better publicized and adheres to kayfabe), recall that Lita had published an autobiography under her real name (Lita - It Just Feels Right). It's a hard call on this one. kelvSYC 05:41, 1 July 2006 (UTC)
* Comment: I seriously question whether WP:NC really does prefer ring names over real names. I've read the sections dealing with stage names (where BG James is discussed), and that section was not added by the person who created the guideline. In fact, the guideline's creator, when editing the section, actually only added the paragraph at the end warning people not to disambiguate between the politician and the wrestler using "BG" and "B.G." Furthermore, B.G. James isn't even indexed under his character's name, but under his real name. That's hardly a resounding endorsement of ring names over real names. Tuckdogg 15:05, 1 July 2006 (UTC)
* Oppose; normally I a for wrestler pages to be under their stage name, but she authored a book with her real name. Aceboy 05:46, 3 July 2006 (UTC)
* Oppose WWE owns the name Lita, not Amy, plus her real name is well known too, thanks to her book, and Matt Hardy. -- Dubh agan 14:47, 4 July 2006 (UTC)
* Oppose, per above.--Aldux 22:25, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
* Oppose, the name Amy Dumas is well known mainly thanks to Matt repeatedly saying her real name on RAW... as has already been said. If her name was jumacia Prancieria or some strange name like that then I could understand using lita as no-one could spell whatever I just sais but I dont think this applys SKRIBUL 20:59, 13 September 2006 (UTC)
Discussion
* Add any additional comments
* "Amy Dumas" is better for disambiguation purposes, since there are no other "Amy Dumas" entries on Wikipedia and there are other meanings for Lita. --Jtalledo (talk) 15:49, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
Result
Clear, strong oppose. -- Kim van der Linde at venus 20:04, 12 July 2006 (UTC)
Do Edge and Lita still go out in real life?
Because I heard that they stopped going out after they were an on-screen couple. Is This True?
'''This remains currently unknown to the public and therefore (unless you have any hard evidence ie a statement from either Adam or Amy) should be stated as such.
I have also edited the statement that Hardy ended the relationship as it was being reported in early 2005 that Lita ended the relationship. Hardy's story changed on this so I think it should just be left blank.'''
What do you mean he changed his story? I would like to hear his new story. lol@-w/hardy. Anyways just fyi, rumors suggested they(Amy/Adam) broke up in November, citing the pressure from the fans as the reason. Just a rumor. I was just being open to the possibility.
'''Oh yeah, that's no problem. I'm not getting at you, just saying that there is no evidence that they aren't together so it shouldn't be put on her profile.
Well, at first Hardy said he told Amy to stop seeing Adam and she refused and walked out on him. Then he changed it to him throwing her out. Very unreliable is Matt HArdy!'''
* Adam has confirmed that he's single and looking on his myspace page so that obviously means that they're not together...if that's information that would still like to be added to the page: —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
MySpace is not a proper source so it shouldn't go up. MySpaces are done for a variety of reasons - as gimmick pages, publicity stunts and they automatically set you to single and besides, there's nothing to say that Adam is controlling it. In fact, considering his schedule, he probably isn't.
A proper source would be a quote by either Adam or Amy which can be linked or proven. Otherwise, it shouldn't go up.
'''In this case Myspace would be an appropriate source considering that Edge runs the site along with a close friend of his who would know the status of his personal life as far as dating goes. No WWE star has a myspace up that is in character or following their own gimmick and if that were the case, then Edge would be cited as being in a relationship with Lita but that isn't the case so his myspace being filtered through his WWE character is false. Therefore, his myspace can be considered an actual personal page that isn't set up with the intent to follow through on his character and therefore him saying that he's single and looking for a woman on his myspace is a credible source. Also, fan sightings of reported that Amy is possibly dating the guy from her band judging by the very intimate interactions seen between the two at their local gigs.'''
Just to say I read this on litas bebo page
Adam Copeland! I Love This Guy So Much he Means The World 2 Me, Hes My Everything, Hes So Great 2 Me Hes really Sweet and He Knows Just How 2 MAke Me Happy When Im Sad and I Just Wanted 2 Say I Love You So MuCh With all My Heart Babe!
wether this is her I am not sure but i believe it is due to the amount of profile veiws, friends, and comments-
Bebo's and MySpaces should not be used as evidence. Lita does not yet have a personal MySpace or Bebo. A MySpace entitled "The Rated R Superstar" is not a definitive source on the actual real life of Adam Copeland as the Rated R Superstar is a gimmick.
There are more fan reports stating that Amy is not dating a member of her band then there are otherwise. There is absolutely zero evidence.
[edit] Finishing and signature moves
Basically, unless she personally says it, don't put it. Simple as that. Ends all arguments pretty nicely.
Amy and Edge are not dating, in fact Adam Copeland (Edge) has reunited with his wife.
She didn't want the breakup of her and Matt to be public, huh? Blame Vince, he wanted to make it into a storyline, and in some cases her for hurting Matt, and Edge for screwing his boy like that. Some will say there is two sides too every story, and I'd love to know why Amy cheated on Matt, but the fact remains that amy did Matt wrong and to cheat with a married man that was his best friend, that was low.<IP_ADDRESS> 17:58, 23 February 2007 (UTC)BigBoi29
Lita to TNA?
Lita's WWE contract expires soon (in 1-2 months) and Lita has shown interest signing with TNA. This is because she wants to wrestle but the WWE writers have nothing for her besides being Edge's valet. TNA has wanted for a while to grow it's women's divison with good wrestlers and signing Lita would be something that would help make it grow. Should this be added to the article?
'''Yeah I remember reading something like that but I forgot the source '''
She is leaving to pursue acting not wrestling Crazy4metallica
she not leaving to pursue a acting Trish is Lita is with WWE until 2007 User:Supermike
^ Not really Lita's contract ends in a few months yeah i just saw that sorry
Since they are nothing but rumors right now, no it should not be added. And sign you comments people. TJ Spyke 06:26, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
Apparently she has told fans that she is taking a little bit of time off but will be back sooner rather than later. The "acting" thing is untrue, she has previously stated that acting is not for her.
It shouldn't go up unless WWE or Amy herself publicly announce it.
Lita isn't going to TNA. She'll just end up groping men twice her age like poor Gail Kim and Jackie Gayda.
Hi yes I actually read this on litas official bebo
My WWE contract is scheduled to expire on December 1st. As of a week ago, the feeling was that I would actually finish things up at Cyber Sunday or the night after on RAW, but I'll be staying at least a little while longer because I am added to the U.K. tour that starts on Wednesday. Maria and Candice Michelle were pulled from the tour in favor of Myself vs. Mickie James title matches. Once my contract expires, I plans on concentrating on my punk rock band and doing some indy film work. The general feeling within WWE, which is pretty accurate since I am sick and tired of them, is that I will eventually sign with TNA due to the easier schedule.
So guys, in not too far future.. You can all say,
* Mimicks Christopher*
TNA is Lita!
Lita doesn't have an official bebo, this person is pulling your leg. They just took the exact news reported on a wrestling newsite and replaced the name 'Lita' with pronouns such as 'I' to make it seem like it's really her. It's not. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
Lita does have a bebo as far as I know so I would believe it! I remember seeing it 2
Editing Page
This page should be reopened for editing, it has not be "vandalised", but added to. It dose not mention any thing about Lita's actions on RAW, which as of recent have been major (Edge winning his second WWE Championship, SNME). Second, the images that were posted were improvments. The image at the top of the 2005/2006 shows Lita much better (Her mouth is not open, her head is not tilted up, her eyes are fully open). Third, the championship images are important to the article, any time an image is available it should be added to illustrat the subject. Fourth, her move set. the " Spinning Out Powerbomb Into A Kneeling Pin" is not valid. She has done a spin out powerbomb once, to Jazz and even so it should be under "Litabomb" (Powerbomb or Spin Out Powerbomb). Pluse the Suicde Dive which she has used many times through out the 2004 period is not up there. Then the "Standing Hurricarana" directs straight to the tope of the Professional Wrestling Aerial Techniques page. It should be under Frankensteiner since a Frankensteiner is the proper name of a hurricarana ( a hurricarana ends in a rana pin). Last the Twist Of Fate is no longer her finisher it should not be in bold. It is now soley by Matt Hardy and Lita has not used it since late 2003. Information in an article should only be deleted if it is off topic, a rumor or and opinion. It should only be put in proper format not deleted. And when ever possible, a good image should be used to show the topic. Were or not it's "utterly pointless." Please reopen this page for editing. Thank You.
* While I agree with everything else you just said, there are two problems. You didn't sign your name or IP, and she did use the Twist of Fate one time during the Edge-Matt feud, although more or less as a mockery of Matt Hardy. <IP_ADDRESS> 07:04, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
* Edge winning the WWE Championship has nothing to do with Lita. Flooding the page with images contravenes the Fair use policy. The images are only "available" because they have been stolen from WWE.com. Moves are bolded if they were used as a finisher at any time, not just at present. The spinning out powerbomb has been used on several occasions but was never identified as the "Litabomb". McPhail 14:32, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
* Last I recall, hasn't there been pure evidence posted in this very talk page that the Litasault/Litabomb names have been recognized names for the moves? Go find it and you'll find that it was deleted by the user. Which means, it was there. And you really can't say Edge winning the WWE Championship has nothing to do with Lita, when she was his valet and she helped him get the job done. That's kind of like saying that King Booker winning the World Heavyweight Championship has nothing to do with Chavo Guerrero, and last I recall, Chavo screwed Mysterio. Lita helped Edge. It's that simple. <IP_ADDRESS> 19:38, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
Lita is a huge asset to the accomplishments of Edge. Even though Lita only used the spinning out powerbomb a couple of times it has been called Litabomb by Jerry Lawler. Go to this video and you will hear Jerry clearly calling it Litabomb. http://youtube.com/watch?v=VdAw25yxZDo
I agree, the spinning out powerbomb she's used has always been regarded as a Litabomb. She doesn't do it hardly enough for me to personally consider it a signature move but considering that they've personalized the name of the move for when she uses it, I guess it would count. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
Becoming a problem
McPhail your constant vandalizing of Lita's page is becoming a major problem. We have discussed previously on the talk page and came to a conclusion that the moves are called The Litasault, the Litabomb, and the Lita DDT. You leave it for a while, then go back and delete it. It seems that you sre trying to be difficult and use your power as an experienced wikipedia editor to intimidate people with your clearly wrong point of view. Considering I and others have tried so hard in trying to resolve this matter in a civil fashion, including showing you an abundance of proof--you still persist on being a nuisance. I have reverted it back to what it is supposed to be, and if I ever see it changed I promise I will do everything and anything possible' to ensure that you are blocked for vandalism. But I doubt we will have to get to that point. Thanks for your cooperation. --Fr3nZi3 16:21, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
* Where is your proof that the moves are called the Lita DDT and Litasault? WWE.com clearly identifies her signature moves as the "DDT" and "Moonsault". McPhail 16:30, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
Probably he never read the main page as it stated "Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that ANYONE can edit." Block as many editors as you want, you think you can stop them all?
I find it funny how Fr3nZi3 acts like they hate when people on wiki just boss people around when that is all that she does LITA DOES NOT DO THE LEG FEED EVERY MATCH AND THAT IS A FACT second this is an information site with no place for bias which you clearly show it is not the Litasault it is a moonsault stop showing bias just because you are a Lita fan.User:Razorface
Move
Can we move this page to her ring name "Lita"? --Mikedk9109 22:42, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
* This was proposed before and I think the consensus was to keep it where it is. For one thing, she might not own the rights to use the name outside WWE. Also, the book she authored uses his real name. Lastly, Lita is a disambiguation page. --Jtalledo (talk) 01:25, 12 October 2006 (UTC)
UNDENIABLE PROOF!!!
Here is the link. Watch the ending of the match, and see where Jim Ross clearly calls the moves the Litasault and the Lita bomb! Do not delete it again! Thanks!! --Fr3nZi3 01:09, 12 October 2006 (UTC) Thats one match! You are the same one who thought Trish should have the sharpshooter as a finisher one time does not count! and further more JR does that alot of the time someone does a powerbomb that still does not make it a finisher
Stop talking out of your ass!!! They have consistently called the move the Litasault and Lita shown like five more examples where they have called it these moves, but someone still has Bomb for years now, even on Smackdown when she waas wrestling Stacy Keibler, they called the move the LitaBomb and Litasault! Don't be a jackoff, and stop just deleting things for the sake of an argument! I don't know if I can be bothered to find any more proof because there are some very obstinate and obnoxious people on here who are just around to be an annoyance, plus I have something to say to dispute it!! As for Trish, I believe any move that is used to win a championship, automatically becomes a finisher whether or not it is done once or a million times!--Fr3nZi3 16:32, 13 October 2006 (UTC) Thats stupid logic for a finisher plus thats only what you yourself believe if John Cena uses a small package to win a belt is that his move?NO and as for disputing it look at the OFFICAL WEBSITE FOR WWE IT CLEARY SAYS MOONSAULT AND DDT NOT LITA DDT AND LITASAULT
I am not about to go and start arguing with a clear mark who does not know the rudiments of professional wrestling, all I am going to do is enforce that the Lita DDT and Litasault remain--simple as that!--Fr3nZi3 15:17, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
Excuse me?You obviously don't stand anything about prowrestling if you think a move used one time is a finisher so all I'm going to do is make sure this page stays TRUE to the facts and not what one person thinks.Sorry kid but face it you are wrong its a moonsault and a DDT read the website I think the WWE knows more about its own talent than you.
A proof that the move is called the Litabomb--look at 7:40 of the video
ONE match does not make it a move and AGAIN THE WWE'S OWN WEBSITE LISTS HER MOVES AS A DDT NOT A LITA DDT
^^You blockhead! I am sorry I had to call you that because I have been battle with your dumb ass for months now! I dont give two hoots what the WWE has on their website (which still states Torrie Wilson's finsiher as a springboard elbow!) Which is very wrong!! Go by what the announcer calls the move, and they have consistantly called the move the Litasault, and Litabomb for years. Plus another shitstain has gone and deleted the Litabomb entirely! WTF! I am going to change it back for the last time. And I see it removed again I promise I will stay on this site all day and all night doing everything within my power to get the person blocked permanently for repeated vandalism! Thats not a threat--it's a damn promise!! --Fr3nZi3 16:17, 27 October 2006 (UTC)
Excuse me but I do not like the insults and no it has not been called the lita bomb for years because she hasnt done it for years and once again the WWE says it is a DDT not a Lita DDT
Why the hell am I arguing with a mark who knows nothing?!?! Change it and I will change it back, and we can have one big editing battle because I know I am right! --Fr3nZi3 01:17, 29 October 2006 (UTC)
Again no sorry I'm not a mark and again yes you are wrong
This is almost the excact same situation as the Backcracker argumet on Carlito's page. The WWE does not always care to go by what anouncers call moves. As far as I know, on most wrestling profiles we go by what an announcer has called the move. KE
That is stupid! On Torrie Wilson's WWE Page it lists her finisher as a springboard elbow! Everyone knows her finisher is the Nosejob, so then we should delete the Nosejob from her wikipedia page then! Similarly, if you hear JR calls the move Lita's DDT or he calls it an Impaler DDT! We shall leave the Lita DDT up there! Remove it, I will add it again, until someone puts a stop to this madness! --Fr3nZi3 17:09, 7 November 2006 (UTC)
* Lita's powerbomb is called a LitaBomb. But as for her moonsault, here's a list of just a few of the matches where she's performed the move and it has been called a moonsault and NOT a Litasault:
-Trish vs Lita : Unforgiven 2006 -Lita vs Ivory : 9/11 match -Lita vs Ivory : Survivor Series 2000 -Team Extreme vs TnA : SD (Trish's first match in the WWE) -Team Extreme vs Tna : Heat (don't know the exact date) -Lita vs Stephanie McMahon : (Lita's first title win) -Lita vs Trish (Lita's second title win)
Yes, JR has called the moonsault a Litasault before, he did so when she use to mimmick Essa Rios, but most of the time, he calls it a moonsault. The last time JR called the moonsault a Litasault is at Unforgiven 2003 when Lita made her in ring return from her neck injury. The fact that moonsault is used more than Litasault should be enough indication that the moonsault s her finisher is the most applicable term for her move: —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
Now to that fat idiot Fr3nZi3 I WILL TYPE IN CAPS SO YOU UNDERSTAND A FINISHER IS A MOVE THAT ISN'T USED ONCE OR TWICE HENCE WHY THE LITA BOMB IS NOT WORTH NOTING OK DO YOU UNDERSTAND THAT ANYONE IN THE WWWE CAN DO A POWER BOMB AND THEY WOULD CALL IT A EDGE BOMB OR A ORTON BOMB OR A KING BOMB DEPENDING ON THE WRESTLER THAT DOES NOT MAKE IT A MOVE WORTH LISTING SHE HASNT USED THE MOVE VERY MUCH SO SORRY AGAIN YOU ARE WRONG SAME GOES FOR THE ENZUGIRI A MOVE USED A FEW TIMES IS NOT WORTH BEING NOTED sorry MARK and as for why I am insulting you well you did it to me many times first so how does it feel to know other say you are wrong because guess what YOU ARE WRONG as for Torrie Wilson she does not wrestle enough to have a known finisher and as for Carlito's Back Cracker ..well that move is known as a Lung Blower and Matt Striker used it on Heat before him. So feel free to edit as you want and I will do the same but do not insult me because you dont even know what a mark is if you do insult me I will insult you back.
Probably they weren't watching WWE at all... All they do here is ban. Those who have power abuse that power, but like I said, they can't stop them all... The truth shall set you free. Lita DDT, Lita Bomb, and Litasault are correct terms for her moves.
The truth sorry but last night on RAW Lita said MOONSAULT AND LITACANRANA.
Yep. Lita said Moonsault and Litacanrana which should prove the fact that her moonsault is called just that while her hurricanrana is called a Litacanrana. <IP_ADDRESS> 22:38, 21 November 2006 (UTC)
* Ladies, Gents, why don't we just make a note that the name of the moves are disputed. Often annoucers will give a move a name to add an impact for the move as a finisher or signature move.Sephiroth storm 05:58, 24 May 2007 (UTC)
Well i agree, such as when Carlito used to have the "Back Cracker" and when he turned hell they called it the 'Back Stabber", but i will admit, just because someone uses a move to finish a match once or twice dosnt make it a finisher! When someones wins via DQ do they call there finisher a DQ, ofcourse not, and when they use a chair or table does that make the wepon a finisher, in some cases its 1 finisher while they still have another eg;Balls Mahoney, iv seen Triple H use a sledge hammer to finish a match, its a signature wepon but they dont class it as a finisher. And thats the bottom line! --Deathtopplintheir40s 11:52, 27 September 2007 (UTC)
Lita's Finishers
Someone screwed up Lita's Finishing moves and added in a bunch of useless taunts, so I took the liberty of restoring her finishers and removing the taunts as they didn't belong in that section. JamX3K
Restore what you want, it'll just revert back... —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Mines45 (talk • contribs).
* If you revert an edit in an article more than 3 times, you'll be in violation of WP:3RR. -- I c e d K o l a ( Contributions ) 03:22, 17 November 2006 (UTC)
Picture
Can someone get a newer, updated picture? Angli Cado Primoris
Punk Band
I have a website where people can watch Amy's band perform. It's
http://www.pwpix.net/superstars/l/lita/gallery/screencaps/7/
--Fluffy Kitten 22:50, 9 November 2006 (UTC)
Lita Trivia
I deleted the bit about Lita being the first woman to attempt a top rope moonsault. That is FACTUALLY incorrect. I know for a fact that Bull Nakano has used the top rope moonsault in the WWE and I don't need to convince people of who came first. I believe there are other women who have done the move before Lita but all you need is one name to disprove that trivia post and therefore it should not be there.
Also, what's the point of saying that Lita along with Ivory, Moolah and Trish have had the title more than any other WWE diva? That's irrelevant and it seems like you're trying to magnify the amount of title wins by saying that she's among the divas who've held the title many times but the fact remains that she hasn't held it the most and unless that's the case, it's not relevant and is ridiculous to add on the page.
Also, Lita and Victoria's cage match wasn't the first diva cage match in history of wrestling. It was the first divas cage match in RAW history...at least, that is how the WWE cites it and therefore, the article should do the same to avoid it possibly being incorrect. Here's the wwe.com exert:
'''RAW - Lita vs. Victoria, Steel Cage MatchNovember 24, 2003 | Approx. run time: 6 mins.It was the second edition of RAW Roulette live from Salt Lake City, UT. The matches throughout the night were determined by a spin of the wheel and it was determined that Lita would face Victoria in the not-so-friendly confines of a steel cage. It was the first women's Steel Cage Match in RAW history and it looked like Lita had things well in hand. Matt Hardy made a surprise appearance, but how would he factor into the outcome? Subscribers$1.49'''
And here's the link (it's the tenth video on the page). http://www.wwe.com/subscriptions/247online/divas/
She also isnt the first woman to doo a moonsault
She's not the first to do a moonsault, but she is the first to do a tope rope moonsault.Angli Cado Primoris 20:42, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
Tomoko Watanabe did a moonsault at Survivor Series 95 if I'm not mistaken and yes it was from the top rope and if it wasnt her like stated above Bull Nakano did one so Lita is not the first.
The Steel Cage match between Lita and Victoria was not only the first ever women's Steel Cage match in RAW history, but also in WWE history as well. I edited in references to the other trivia that were needing them as well. Thanks! <IP_ADDRESS> 22:40, 4 December 2006 (UTC)
It says that Lita is the only woman to by physically involved in a TLC match in WWE history, but at ECW One night stand (the second one '06 i think it was) wasn't their a TLC match that involved Edge, Foley, Lita against Funk, Dreamer and Bulah Migillcutty (sorry I don't know how to spell her name) but she was also physically involved, considering that she was the one who got pinned, she is a woman and it was a WWE pay per view. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:07, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
Lita in the Main Event:
I know it's listed that Lita has been in 7 main events, however, that is only when regarding her matches. She was only promoted in the main event when she married Kane so that means that she's been a part of 7 main event matches but all together, she's been a part of 8 main event segments and I think that should be corrected to specify both her specific main event matches and also to include the Kane/Lita wedding since the wedding was promoted as being the main event of the night.
Lita didn't sleep with Edge?
Someone typed in this article that Amy Dumas and Adam Copeland never slept with each other. That goes against every wrestling website that I've read, as well as what Matt Hardy and Edge's (ex??) wife have said. In fact, Hardy was fired for mentioning the affair on his website. If it were just a work, why was he fired? Is there a source for this just being a work?Politician818 01:08, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
'''This isn't true and should be removed from the article. It has never been said to be a work and Lita, Matt, Adam and Lisa (Adam's ex-wife) have all confirmed and spoke about the affair in some manner or another.''' —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
Retirement date
She retires at survivor series which is this sunday, I added that and somebody or something removed it. The date was indeed correct so why was it removed?
* Your edit was reverted (by me) because in an attempt to clean up Wikipedia, we try to keep rumors, speculation, and play-by-play/future events out of the WWE articles. The reason the retirement text is in the article because it's just merely stating what WWE said, but lets not change the retirement date until it happens. ;). Have a nice day. // I c e d K o l a ( Contribs ) 02:46, 24 November 2006 (UTC)
I guess I can respect that. :) I can wait.
Is Lita really going out with Edge? There have been rumor that it is all just a hoax to boost Edge's Ratings as The Rated 'R' Superstar!! Plus there is a rumour that Lita is thinking about getting back together with Matt Hardy!!
Lita's Weight
Lita's weight on the Smackdown vs. Raw 2007 website is 125. Should it be changed? User:Angli Cado Primoris
Real life vs. storylines
This article may confuse some people who don't watch wrestling, as it blurs Amy Dumas' real life with her Lita character. For instance, it says that Lita revealed that she was pregnant. However, Amy Dumas wasn't really pregnant. People who don't watch wrestling may think that Amy Dumas was pregnant. This article should make a clear distinction between what is real and what is kayfabe.Politician818 01:15, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
"She will not be joining TNA, contrary to some illiterate people who use the website."
I removed this. --<IP_ADDRESS> 02:08, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
Entrance Music
Her theme from her neck injury return onwards has been "Lovepassionfuryenergy" by Boy Hits Car from WWF Forceable Entry. Before that she used a song released on CD by WWE under the title "It Just Feels Right" (Anthology, Disc 2) but it has been used many places before. We might want to make a note of this on the page. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs).
Lita's not retired
I found this on gerweck.net
Hey wrestling promoters, wanna book Amy "Lita" Dumas for an appearance at your next wrestling show? She is seeking $3,000 for the date plus transportation.
Since she is taking bookings, I think it's safe to say she's not retired, so should we take off her retirement date on her profile box? Gamehead 02:52, 8 December 2006 (UTC)gamehead
* Where is this listed on the site..I cannot find it? Also in terms of an "appearance" - is this in a wrestling capacity or as a guest star? --Mikecraig 02:58, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
The title is WWE Tidbits and I think a guest apperence Gamehead 22:53, 8 December 2006 (UTC)gamehead
Sweet, Im gonna book her I got 5,000 bucks, plus a ring and cameras! Cool! How can I? Im serious. Ive got this other chick who is our best. Amy can win and stuff and take the Ladies Title belt and smash Jesse with it and, well shes my girlfriend, so I will come out but then Zack will spinebuster me that will build our Ladder Match. DXRulz
Fan Moves
Should this section (fan moves) be put back into the page? LitaDDT is from the game, thats widespread acknowledged by fans, and Litasault is used very often. JR isn't the only one hyper over the word, most fan posters in the stadiums and commentators sitting there use 'litasault' whenever shes does the moonsault.
As for litabomb, well thats a JR creation, any opinions on whether it should be there?
xCentaur | talk 21:14, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
No editor replied. And the nutcase who kept reverting edits seems to have gone too. As per the comments in the source-file and from whatever I have managed to understand from this talk-page, I put the fan moves section back. For the love of God, whichever new editor has an issue with that, please discuss it on the talk page first!
xCentaur | talk 21:44, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
No I dont think there is any need for it, as those are just fan names and are not offical in anyway it was just put there to make some Lita fanboys happy who can't accept that those are not the move names. There is zero reason for it to be on the page.
I hope I'm not the 'nutcase' that you're referring to. I will admit, I've reverted back quite a few times and apparently a lot of people don't agree with me, so allow me to explain. A couple of weeks ago, someone came up with the idea of creating the 'Fan Names' section, because the 'fanboys' kept coming in and changing the main finishers to the incorrect terms such as 'Lita DDT'. The Fan Names section will probably prevent this from happening as much, and it doesn't contradict the names of her finishing moves, because it's off by itself. Do you see what I'm saying? Levodevo 05:48, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
I removed it a while back because the fan name section is not an encyclopediac section; it's just fannism. Having a list of what fans have also called her moves is not something to be mentioned in an encyclopediac entry. BTW, I added the edit war over names to the list of pointless edit wars. Anakinjmt 03:15, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
* What do you want, a medal? SteveLamacq43 15:53, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
* That made no sense. He mentioned people keep taking it out, and I was saying I was one of them, and I gave my reasons why. Jeesh, calm down. Anakinjmt 15:13, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
No problem,Levo. It was an IP, btw, and the editor was very hostile. You seem more sensible than that bugger ;) As for the fan moves section, at the time I figured it was a better way to keep vandalism out. Now I believe the article looks fine. Perhaps we could have the names the fans have given to it in brackets next to the official names, but other than that, I think the moves section is alright as it is. xCentaur | ☎ 06:27, 7 February 2007 (UTC) :: Lol, "pointless edit wars"? Theres a page like that, Anakin? Send me a link when you're free, this I gotta see. Happy editing! xCentaur | ☎ 06:27, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
* WP:LAME. Interesting reads, there. xC | ☎ 18:40, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
Good Pic?
Iv been watching WWE for a very very long time and today was the 1st day iv ever been on Lita's wikipedia page and when i did i got 1 hell of a shock! Can I ask why there isnt a hot pic of her as her main pic? I mean she looks good and all but she only looks really good when shes ready to wrestle (or im sure when shes out off screen) but you get what i mean, i mean did some fiminist complain about how people exploit women (aka:look better then them lol) because i wouldnt mind seeing a hot pic of Lita on wikipedia, and i mean, im sure Lita would perfer a pic of herself on wikipedia that looks hot instead of that whole suprise photo look. --Deathtopplintheir40s 12:00, 27 September 2007 (UTC)
* The photo being used is free. - Deep Shadow 12:37, 27 September 2007 (UTC)
Oh fair enough, but i mean come on! shes hot, well when shes ready to wrestle shes hot. --Deathtopplintheir40s 01:54, 28 September 2007 (UTC)
* Perhaps you could find a free picture in which she looks hot? (Ref link above) Makes both parties happy, as well as all the fans... :P xC | ☎ 22:41, 24 October 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
Cobalt oxide
Cobalt oxide is a family of chemical compounds consisting of cobalt and oxygen atoms.
Compounds in the cobalt oxide family include:
* Cobalt(II) oxide (cobaltous oxide), CoO
* Cobalt(III) oxide (cobaltic oxide), Co2O3
* Cobalt(II,III) oxide, Co3O4 | WIKI |
San Manuel Stadium
San Manuel Stadium is an open-air ballpark in downtown San Bernardino, California, United States. It opened in 1996, replacing Fiscalini Field as the home park of Minor League Baseball's Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino. Before then, the 66ers shared Fiscalini Field with CSUSB Coyotes and SBVC Wolverines. San Manuel Stadium is named after the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians, which is based in San Bernardino and paid for the naming rights. The stadium seats 8,000 people, with additional capacity provided by lawn seating.
It is located directly next to the San Bernardino Transit Center, with connections to Los Angeles Union Station.
History
San Manuel Stadium was also the home field for the California State University, San Bernardino Coyotes baseball team. The Coyotes play in the California Collegiate Athletic Association in Division II of the National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA. In 2004, it also served as the home of the Los Angeles Unity, the city's Pro Cricket team. In 2010, San Manuel Stadium was equipped with a new scoreboard, which was the largest in the California League. In 2010, CSUSB moved its home games to Fiscalini Field, San Bernardino's former minor league stadium. The San Manuel facilities are used by the San Bernardino Valley College's baseball team as well. | WIKI |
Visualizing your Spring Integration components & flows
Architecture
This post can be useful for everyone who wants to have insights on their application's internal architecture when integrating with other systems using Spring Integration. From the developer that just started in your team and who wants to have an overview, to the seasoned team member that needs to troubleshoot a problem in production.
Currently we are working on the phased roll out of a microservices architecture at one of our clients. To ensure that everything works as it's supposed to we are using a lot of Enterprise Integration Patterns to stitch both the old and the new landscape together. The best way to achieve a solution when using Java, is to use Spring Integration. A few days ago we wanted to have clear insights on how certain microservices are communicating with the existing systems.
Creating your graph of Spring Integration components and flows
A first step to expose your Spring Integration components and flows is to add an IntegrationGraphServer bean to your application. This class resides in the o.s.i.support.management.graph package, between all the required classes to collect, build and render the runtime state of Spring Integration components as a single tree-like Graph object.
Exposing the graph
Using the Spring Integration HTTP module you can easily expose the IntegrationGraphServer functionality as a REST service. Just add the @EnableIntegrationGraphController annotation to your application, and you're good to go! Or, in case you are using XML config, add the <int-http:graph-controller/> XML element to your setup. Be sure to edit the allowedOrigins attribute of the annotation in case you're accessing the endpoint between 2 domains. Sidenote: your application needs to be deployed on a web container, or it needs to use an embedded web container in case you are building on top of Spring Boot.
Visualizing the exposed graph of components and flows
With D3.js we are able to visualize everything within our graph. In this quick & dirty gist I created, you can find a simple example of a possible visualisation. Download the index.html file, point the script to the correct endpoint by editing the graphEndpoint variable, open the file in your browser and you should see every component and flow!
As Gary Russell pointed out in his reply to my tweet after I published this post, you can also use Spring Flo for the visualization. Spring Flo is an Angular based, embeddable graphical component for pipeline/graph building and editing. This is used as the basis of the stream builder in Spring Cloud Data Flow. You can find the sample application here.
Taking it one step further
If you add the @EnableIntegrationManagement annotation or the <int:management /> XML element to your setup, the graph will even expose all the metrics of your Spring Integration components. This will definitely help you out when you want to monitor your components and flows, enabling you to troubleshoot problems even faster in case something goes wrong in production.
Copyright © Tim Ysewyn 2020. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Delta Boötis
Delta Boötis, Latinized from δ Boötis, is a double star in the northern constellation of Boötes, forming the easternmost member of the constellation's kite-shaped asterism of brighter stars. Based upon parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of approximately 120.5 ly from the Earth. This star is sometimes called Princeps, meaning prince or prime in Latin. The origin of this name is unclear, although it usually appears in an astrological context. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is 3.5, making it visible to the naked eye even during a Full Moon. The magnitude 7.81 companion can be viewed in binoculars or a small telescope.
In Chinese, 七公 (Qī Gōng), meaning Seven Excellencies, refers to an asterism consisting of δ Boötis, 42 Herculis, τ Herculis, φ Herculis, χ Herculis, ν1 Boötis and μ1 Boötis. Consequently, the Chinese name for δ Boötis itself is 七公七 (Qī Gōng qī, the Seventh Star of Seven Excellencies.)
Properties
This system consists of a pair of stars located in physical proximity to each other and sharing a similar motion through space, suggesting that they may form a binary star system. Based upon their angular separation and their distance, they have a projected separation of 3,800 Astronomical Units (AU). If they are gravitationally bound to each other, the orbital period of the system would be at least 120,000 years.
The brighter member of the pair has a stellar classification of G8 III, indicating that it has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and evolved into a giant star. It now has a radius more than eleven times the radius of the Sun. Compared to the Sun, this star appears deficient in elements other than hydrogen and helium—what astronomers term the star's metallicity. The outer envelope of this star has an effective temperature of 4,810 K, which is what gives it the characteristic yellow hue of a G-type star.
The secondary component has a stellar classification of G0 V, which suggests it is a main sequence star that may be similar in physical properties to the Sun. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is 7.81, making it much less luminous than the primary component. | WIKI |
"Big" Donnie MacLeod
Donald Archie "Big Donnie" MacLeod (December 11, 1928 – January 3, 2003) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Cape Breton West in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1981 to 1988. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia.
Born in 1928 at Marion Bridge, Nova Scotia, MacLeod served 23 years as a municipal councillor for Cape Breton County. MacLeod first attempted to enter provincial politics in the 1978 election, finishing third in the Cape Breton West riding. MacLeod ran again in the 1981 election, and defeated the incumbent David Muise by 390 votes to win the seat. He was re-elected in the 1984 election, defeating Liberal Russell MacKinnon by 1,110 votes. He was defeated by MacKinnon when he ran for re-election in 1988.
MacLeod died on January 3, 2003. | WIKI |
Quickly Getting IP Addresses
by Aug 12, 2015
You want to quickly get a list of IP addresses for your own computer or a network machine? Here is how:
#requires -Version 3
$ComputerName = ''
[System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses($ComputerName).IPAddressToString
To only get IPv4, try this:
#requires -Version 1
$ComputerName = ''
[System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses($ComputerName) |
Where-Object {
$_.AddressFamily -eq 'InterNetwork'
} |
Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddressToString
Likewise, to get IPv6, adjust to this:
#requires -Version 1
$ComputerName = ''
[System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses($ComputerName) |
Where-Object {
$_.AddressFamily -eq 'InterNetworkV6'
} |
Select-Object -ExpandProperty IPAddressToString
Twitter This Tip! ReTweet this Tip! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Georgina Klitgaard
Georgina Klitgaard ( Berrian; July 3, 1893 – January 12, 1977) was an American artist. Klitgaard was known for panoramic landscape paintings of scenic New York from a bird's-eye view perspective. Her work was reviewed in the Los Angeles Times, on April 14, 1929, and in The Art Digest, on November 1, 1929. Her art work has been mentioned in numerous New York Times articles. The first exhibition she held was in New York at the Whitney Studio Club from Dec. 20, 1927 to Jan. 7, 1928. She was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1933, and her husband Kaj Klitgaard was awarded with a Guggenheim in 1937. She painted three murals in United States Post Offices during the Great Depression.
Education
Born Spuyten Duyvil, New York (now The Bronx, New York) in 1893 as Georgina Berrian, she graduated from Barnard College. She also studied art at the National Academy of Design. She married Danish writer Kaj Klitgaard (1888-1954) in 1919. The couple had two sons: Peter Klitgaard (1921-1976) and Wallace Berrian Klitgaard (1937-2006). They lived in Bearsville, New York, near an artist colony in Woodstock, New York. She was among the List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1933.
Georgina Klitgaard died in Ulster County, New York on January 12, 1977, one month after the death of her elder son, Peter.
Career
She painted the New Deal era mural Pelham Landscape (1941) at the United States Post Office at Pelham, Georgia. Klitgaard's mural The Running of the Hambletonian Stake at the United States Post Office (Goshen, New York) (a property listed on the National Register of Historic Places) was controversial for featuring harness racing, a subject deemed unworthy for public art. Postal murals of the era were supposed to focus on local history and contemporary life, but the Treasury Department's Section of Painting and Sculpture strongly objected to her intention to paint the track, asking her to paint a local landscape instead. The community indicated its strong support of the track, and she was allowed to paint it. In Jan 1975 she became a member of the National Society of Literature and the Arts. | WIKI |
Talk:The Boat Race 1868
Death of Hon J. H. Gordon
* History of Trinity Boat Club tells of the untimely demise of one of their Blues. The Rambling Man (talk) 07:12, 20 November 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Getting there from here - programmatically disabling access point mode?
@cleoqc (along with anyone else who may have a clue)
Issue:
As currently deployed, there are TWO different things that must be done to permanently disable access-point mode in the GoPiGo O/S:
• Navigate to the GoPiGo O/S web page at 10.10.10.10 (or “localhost” if you’re directly connected), click on the WiFi signal icon, and then set a connection to the WiFi network of choice,
And THEN you have to. . .
• Execute
sudo systemctl disable start_as_access_point.service
in a terminal window.
Note that neither one alone is sufficient, you must do BOTH in order to succeed.
Question for Nicole:
I would like to be able to create a script or something that I can execute when I start a new GPGOS image to configure it to the way I want it. That is, I want to connect it to network “X”, disabling access-point mode, edit a few files, and install some programs that I always use, (like gddrescue and gparted, etc.).
Theoretically, (:man_facepalming:), I can write a script that will do everything I want, EXCEPT setting up the network mode and credentials the way I want them to be set up.
So, the musical question becomes:
:notes: How do I programmatically accomplish what changing the network mode in the web page does? :notes:
Thanks!
1 Like | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Johann Sebastian Bach
Wife/children
Johann Christian Bach was Bach's eighteenth child/11th son? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:33, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
One of the most influential
does a statement like "Bach is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential composers in the history of Western music" really need to be cited? I would have thought it was a sky-blue kind of statement. It seems to me to be better suited to the lead than "Since the 19th-century Bach revival he has been generally regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music" and less awkward. Harold the Sheep (talk) 22:52, 29 July 2023 (UTC)
* That he has been seen as influential may be blue-sky, but this proposed statement IMO goes well beyond that - it would indeed benefit from citation. Nikkimaria (talk) 23:00, 29 July 2023 (UTC)
* The proposed statement is "Bach is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential composers in the history of Western music". I personally can't see how that is in any way controversial. In any case I don't think it would be difficult to find sources for it. Assuming it was sourced, do you have an opinion on which of the sentences is better? Harold the Sheep (talk) 04:06, 31 July 2023 (UTC)
* It would depend on the sourcing, but in general the existing sentence seems more precise. Nikkimaria (talk) 04:11, 31 July 2023 (UTC)
* Bach's influence is complex. No, it is certainly not as clear cut as Beethoven (or to a slightly lesser extent, Mozart) who have always been hugely influential since their lifetimes and beyond. The tendency to see the three composers as a trio whose greatness surpasses all others is a modern invention, which is fair enough, but to equate greatness to influence is simply incorrect. Bach's central importance sprouted in the mid-19th century, a hundred years after his death. Could his influence from then on be comparable to Beethoven? Maybe. Could it not? Maybe. Either way, the lead is not the place for a blanket/decisive statement for such a nuanced subject. Aza24 (talk) 05:04, 1 August 2023 (UTC)
First Sunday of Advent 1714
Bach did not attend the service at the St. Thomas Church on the first Sunday of Advent in 1714. According to Bach Digital, Bach's note in the autograph score of BWV 61 about the order of service in Leipzig was added for a re-performance after 1730. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:37, 21 November 2023 (UTC)
* Are you referring to the Bach Digital page here? The Spitta ref gives us a cross-reference to his Vol. I, which itself has a footnote which reads:
* "The note is given in the preface to the cantata; it is by this alone that we know of Bach's journey to Leipzig. It is evident that it was not inserted later, when Bach was cantor at Leipzig, because he entered on his office there in the spring of 1723, and by Advent of that year could certainly no longer have needed to make any note as to the order or service." (Spitta 1899a p519)
* I'm not sure how convincing that is, but it's clearly something he's considered.
* The Bach Digital page reads "...subsequent performance after 1730 (autograph addition to the order of service in partially autographed score P 45)" - I wonder if it's indicating that Bach wrote the order of service in 1714, and then added to that after 1730? i.e. autograph addition to the order of service, not autograph addition of the order of service. Ligaturama (talk) 14:46, 18 December 2023 (UTC)
* The same order of service is found in the autograph score of BWV 62, performed on Advent I in 1724. Curiously, "u. Credo intoniret" is crossed out in both of them. Anonymous7002 (talk) 18:09, 6 January 2024 (UTC)
Featured Article
Wikipedia has Good Articles (deemed to be of high quality) and Featured Articles (of higher quality). Among composers, Claude Debussy has a Featured Article and Igor Stravinsky has a Good one. Surely Bach, one of the greatest and most influential composers in Western music, should have a Featured Article?
The other day I added the following from Jan Swafford: "In one of the gods' occasional literary touches, the name Bach is German for 'brook'; and the music of J. S. Bach is one of the inexhaustible wellsprings of Western music." This was reverted, as Swafford is not a Bach scholar. True enough, but he is a music critic of note, and his book is a valuable reference. With due respect, I think it's a good addition to the header. Many headers end with a quote that provides a segue for what follows; the header for John Updike ends with his description of his style as an attempt to "give the mundane its beautiful due." I think the Swafford quote is similarly useful; Bach is "one of the inexhaustible wellsprings of Western music", waters which hopefully flow through the article which follows.
I also added that Felix Mendelssohn led the Bach revival with his performance of St Matthew Passion, which was reverted. But that's useful history, I think. (Mendelssohn also has a Featured Article.)
I confess that I am not a Bach scholar, but I believe those additions would be worthy. And, to begin where we started, shouldn't Bach have a Featured article? If it's not yet polished enough to be Featured, let's polish it! Charlie Faust (talk) 18:50, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
* Hi Charlie, I can see you're relatively new to WP, so I welcome you! Raising an article to featured status is a very long and difficult process. It must pass through Featured article candidates and being thoroughly assessed through rather demanding Featured article criteria. In a topic like Bach, pretty much every sentence must have a citation to a modern scholarly book/article on the composer. It also has to the article deeply reflects a comprehensive survey of all modern and important Bach literature.
* This article is rather far from Featured status-worthy. The biography section is all over the place, citing 200 year old biographies and random online sources. The Musical style and Legacy sections are ripe with missing citations and WP:OR; the compositions section is an almost worthless choppy section which accomplishes nothing. Most of these sections, save for the biography—which is at least thorough—would probably have to be entirely rewritten.
* I'm not saying this to deter you, but simply posting on the talk page, "hey everyone lets make this featured" is a significantly more difficult task than you may have expected.
* As for the reverts, Wikipedia avoids puffery (see MOS:PUFFERY) and the lead is meant to be a highly general summary of the existing article content. Mendelssohn was important to the Bach revival, but this article is about the composer, not the revival. His name doesn't really belong in an extremely general lead summary. Aza24 (talk) 21:05, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
* Thanks for the input. I hope raising an article to Featured status is a long and difficult process, or else they'd just let any article be Featured, which would defeat the purpose. I hope you agree that Bach is a worthy candidate for a Featured article. My intent was not to say "hey everyone let's make this featured"; rather, that we should undergo the demanding process of making it Featured.
* I know the article is far from Featured. Under Reception, we learn "In the 20th century, Bach's music was widely performed and recorded, while the Neue Bachgesellschaft, among others, published research on the composer. Modern adaptations of Bach's music contributed greatly to his popularisation in the second half of the 20th century. Among these were the Swingle Singers' versions of Bach pieces (for instance, the Air from Orchestral Suite No. 3, and the Wachet auf... chorale prelude), as heard on their album Jazz Sebastian Bach and Wendy Carlos' 1968 Switched-On Bach, which used the Moog electronic synthesiser." That's all OK, but shouldn't it go under the Twentieth century subheading? And, indeed, Wendy Carlos' Switched on Bach is referenced there, as are the Swingle Sisters. No need to have it twice, that I can tell.
* I learn from John Eliot Gardiner's Bach: Music in the Castle of Heaven that Friedrich Nietzsche wrote in 1870: "This week I heard the St Matthew Passion three times and each time I had the same feeling of immeasurable admiration. One who was forgotten completely Christianity truly hears it here as Gospel." Nietzsche was an important thinker who wrote on music, and his quote shows both the composer's universal appeal and how far his stock had risen by the 19th century. Wouldn't that be worth including under 19th century? If "The biography section is all over the place, citing 200 year old biographies and random online sources", Gardiner's biography would be worth citing. (Unlike Swafford, Gardiner is a specialist in the Baroque repertoire.) I'm sure you're right that "The Musical style and Legacy sections are ripe with missing citations and WP:OR; the compositions section is an almost worthless choppy section which accomplishes nothing. Most of these sections, save for the biography—which is at least thorough—would probably have to be entirely rewritten." If they have to be thoroughly rewritten to be a Featured article, then they should be thoroughly rewritten. I think Gardiner is a source worth citing.
* I am not a Bach scholar, and am not the one to write a Featured Article. But if I can help, even a small way, to make the article worthy of being Featured, then I will have accomplished something. I'm not saying rewriting the article to make it Featured quality would be easy. Making a Featured article should be difficult, if the criterion is to have value. But many things worth doing are difficult, a philosophy to which I think Bach would have subscribed. In that spirit, let's make an article worthy of him. Charlie Faust (talk) 21:52, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
* I think you're still missing the point. To put it simply, it's not a feature article because it's not at the quality a feature article needs to be at. It's not as simple as "this topic deserves it" because theoretically the goal is that EVERY article eventually become feature (not a realistic scenario but it is the drive). Feature is unrelated to the notoriety or importance of the topic itself. ♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ (talk) 05:23, 23 March 2024 (UTC)
* I realize that "Featured" refers to the quality of the article, not the importance of the subject. But surely an important subject is deserving of a first-rate article? Shakespeare has a Featured article, and rightly; he is a giant of literature. Shouldn't a giant of music have one?
* Yes, I realize this article, as it is, is far from Featured-quality; a lot of it seems to have been assembled from disparate sources, Frankenstein-fashion, and much of it is redundant; Wendy Carlos and the Swingle Sisters are mentioned under the heading Reception and again under the subheading 20th Century.
* Yes, ideally all articles should be Featured quality, but we have to start somewhere, and where better than with a composer who, as Swafford noted, "is one of the inexhaustible wellsprings of Western music"? Charlie Faust (talk) 17:08, 23 March 2024 (UTC)
* I've made (what I hope are) improvements. Under "Reception", the first paragraph mentioned Mendelssohn's precipitation of the Bach Revival with his 1829 performance of the St Matthew Passion, and 20th century performances of Bach by the Swingle Sisters and Wendy Carlos. These were mentioned again under the subheadings of 19th and 20th centuries. No reason for them to be mentioned twice, and the performances are better suited to their respective centuries.
* Under 19th century, I changed 'first performance of Mass in B minor' to 'public performance' since, as noted, it had been performed privately {"A new generation of Bach aficionados emerged: they studiously collected and copied his music, including some of his large-scale works such as the Mass in B minor and performed it privately.") 'Forkel published Ueber Johann Sebastian Bachs Leben, Kunst...' yes, but why give German title on English language page? Most Bach works are referred to by English titles. 'From 1873 to 1880, Philipp Spitta published Johann Sebastian Bach, the standard work on Bach's life and music.' May have been the standard, but surely it's been surpassed by Wolff, et al.? 'By that time, Bach was known as the first of the three B's'; yes, by Cornelius; von Bülow swapped Berlioz for Brahms. Times change, but Bach remains a lasting influence. Speaking of influence, I think there should be more on how Bach influenced later composers. We're told that Haydn owned a copy of Mass in B Minor "and was influenced by Bach's music." Yes, but how? We're told that Beethoven played the Well-Tempered Clavier (by heart, I think) and called Bach Urvater der Harmonie (progenitor of harmony.) That's specific, and it's good to be specific about such things. Similarly, I'd like to know how Bach influenced Haydn and Mozart (and Debussy and Stravinsky, for that matter.) Bach is a river that runs throughout Western music.
* I still think closing the header with a quote (perhaps by Swafford) would be apt. The header for the William Shakespeare article ends with the following from his former rival Ben Johnson: that Shakespeare was "not of an age, but for all time". The header for the James Joyce article ends with the following quote from Joyce himself: "For myself, I always write about Dublin, because if I can get to the heart of Dublin I can get to the heart of all the cities of the world. In the particular is contained the universal." Shakespeare and Joyce both have Featured articles, and rightly, so closing the header with a pertinent quotation is not without precedent. The Swafford quote ("In one of the gods' occasional literary touches, the name Bach is German for 'brook'; and the music of J. S. Bach is one of the inexhaustible wellsprings of Western music") is both a summation of the header and a segue to what follows; hopefully, it serves as a wellspring of waters which flow through the article Charlie Faust (talk) 00:19, 27 March 2024 (UTC)
* I still don't really since the relevance of the Swafford quote. The Shakespeare example you cite is from an important playwright, and a very brief summation of Shakespeare's global spread. The Joyce quote is from Joyce himself and directly connects to his work. Again, Swafford is not a Bach scholar, and his 1992 book is for a general audience, not a scholarly overview like Grout, Burkholder, Stobla, Taruskin etc.
* This "inexhaustible wellsprings of Western music" is meaningless WP:Puffery, it doesn't give any specifics (like the Joyce quote) or in part useful information (like the Shakespeare quote), and is redundant to the already prominent "greatest in Western music". Bringing up Christian god to impart a random linguistic connection, seems extremely tenuous in relevance.
* Your changes seem like improvements, but I must stress that sourcing is by far the biggest barrier in this article, so you are really address "late-game" matters at the moment. Regardless, improvements are improvements. Aza24 (talk) 05:03, 27 March 2024 (UTC)
* Well, as you say, improvements are improvements, and you gotta start somewhere. I mentioned John Eliot Gardiner's Bach: Music in the Castle of Heaven. It's for a general audience, but Gardiner is a conductor of note and a specialist in the Baroque repertoire. It seems like a work worth citing, as does Christoph Wolff's Bach's Musical Universe. You write that "The Musical style and Legacy sections are ripe with missing citations and WP:OR; the compositions section is an almost worthless choppy section which accomplishes nothing." The good news is there are books on individual Bach works, like Steven Isserlis's The Bach Cello Suites: A Companion. True, it's for a general audience, but Isserlis is a cellist of note. Charlie Faust (talk) 20:05, 27 March 2024 (UTC)
Relevance of the Thomaskantor contract
There is an interesting NYU law school paper discussion of Bach’s contract as Thomaskantor here that may be worthwhile to integrate into and reference within that section. Zatsugaku (talk) 14:54, 7 April 2024 (UTC)
Footnote 101 is incorrect
The page numbers for footnote 101 is incorrect. It should be David, Mendel & Wolff 1998, pp. 251-252, not pg. 191–197. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:46:582:8c10:951f:df5:db81:df (talk • contribs) 20:43, 14 April 2024 (UTC)
It should be "Sebastian Bach"
With "Johann Sebastian Bach" in the opening paragraph. Just like it's "Joseph Haydn" and then "Franz Joseph Haydn" in the paragraph. Nobody called him Johann. He was Sebastian. Borges123xyz (talk) 19:22, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
* Doesn't matter. The majority of secondary reliable sources call him Johann Sebastian Bach, so Wikipedia does too. Aza24 (talk) 19:34, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
* The preeminent biography of Bach, Christoph Wolff's JS Bach, the learned musician, calls him "Sebastian". Tony (talk) 02:19, 1 June 2023 (UTC)
* Yes, but the average person is more likely to know him as "Johann Sebastian Bach," so per WP:COMMONNAME the current title should be kept. Benpiano800 (talk) 16:51, 17 July 2024 (UTC)
* The biography's title is "Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician"..... Aza24 (talk) 17:05, 17 July 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Citations:mookish
* 1999, Zev Borow, "How to Succeed in Bizness...by Really, Really Trying", Spin, August 1999, pages 97-98:
* He drops the phrase my vision a lot, although he hasn't quite defined it beyond wanting to be huge. But despite this and his more than slightly mookish image, Durst is extremely down-home friendly (he was raised in the deep South) and obsessed with pleasing his fans, even if it means playing the clown.
* 2005, David Enders, Baghdad Bulletin: Dispatches on the American Occupation, The University of Michigan Press (2006), ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>, :
* The small hovels and junkyards outside Basra look like a Star Wars set: I'm waiting for a bunch of mookish little guys to attack us with sticks, but instead we find two guys pushing handcarts loaded with rolls of heavy power cable along the side of the highway.
* 2014, Kevin Mcconaghy, Hot Fudge Sundaes for Breakfast: With One Reason Not to Hurl Myself Off of the Roof of an Atlantic City Casino Parking Garage, Lulu (2014), ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>815, unnumbered page:
* The first is the “mookish,” pot smoking, dimwit movie character type or moron in a beer commercial. | WIKI |
User:Conceicao S Alves
Conceição S. Alves works as a writer. Born 1968, in Toronto, Canada, she studied Communication in the University of Toronto. | WIKI |
StarRoc
StarRoc was an American entertainment company. The company operated a full service record label and music publishing house. It was founded in 2008 by American rapper Jay-Z and Norwegian record production team Mikkel S. Eriksen and Tor Erik Hermansen of the production duo Stargate. The label was a 50/50 partnership between Stargate and Jay-Z's Roc Nation entertainment company, which he signed in the same year to Live Nation. StarRoc, during its time, was headquartered at Jay-Z's recording studio, Roc the Mic, in Manhattan, New York City, United States.
Former artists
* Alexis Jordan
Studio albums
* Alexis Jordan (2011)
Singles
* "Acid Rain" Alexis Jordan (2013)
* "Good Girl" Alexis Jordan (2011)
* "Happiness" Alexis Jordan (2010)
* "How You Like Me Now" Alexis Jordan
* "Hush Hush" Alexis Jordan | WIKI |
Mira Murati
Ermira "Mira" Murati (born 16 December 1988) is an Albanian engineer, researcher, and tech executive, who has been the Chief Technology Officer of OpenAI since 2018.
Early life and education
Murati was born on 16 December 1988 in Vlorë, Albania. Throughout her school years, she participated in many Olympiads and math competitions.
At age 16, she won a scholarship and attended the Pearson United World College of the Pacific in Canada, from which she graduated in 2005. Murati then pursued a dual-degree program in the United States, earning a Bachelor of Arts (AB) in Mathematics from Colby College in 2011, followed in 2012 by a Bachelor of Engineering from the Thayer School of Engineering (where she studied Mechanical Engineering).
In 2024, Dartmouth College awarded Murati an honorary Doctor of Science for her work in artificial intelligence, technology, and engineering.
Early career
Murati briefly worked for Zodiac Aerospace before joining electric car company Tesla in 2013, where she was a Product Manager on the Model X. From 2016 until joining OpenAI in 2018, she worked for augmented reality start-up Leap Motion (now Ultraleap).
OpenAI
Murati joined OpenAI in 2018 as a researcher, and became its chief technology officer, leading its work on ChatGPT, Dall-E, Codex and Sora, while overseeing its research, product and safety teams. She oversees the technical advancements and direction of OpenAI's various projects, including the development of advanced AI models and tools. Her work has been instrumental in the development and deployment of some of OpenAI's most notable products, such as the Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) series of language models. Her work includes pushing the boundaries of machine learning while advocating for the responsible and ethical use of AI technologies.
On 17 November 2023, Murati briefly took over as interim chief executive officer of OpenAI following the abrupt removal of Sam Altman. She was replaced by Emmett Shear three days later, who was in turn replaced when Altman was reinstated five days after being ousted (after which Murati returned to her role as CTO).
Writing about Murati for Time 's 2023 100 Next list of rising leaders across industries, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella said, "She has a demonstrated ability to assemble teams with technical expertise, commercial acumen, and a deep appreciation for the importance of mission ... Mira has helped build some of the most exciting AI technologies we’ve ever seen, including ChatGPT, DALL-E, and GPT-4."
Publications
* Murati, Ermira. Language & Coding Creativity, Dædalus, Spring 2022 | WIKI |
Page:Education and Art in Soviet Russia (1919).djvu/22
with carrying into effect the principle of universal literacy within the boundaries of the particular volost; it shall organize social education and spread education through the entire volost population and aid in the development of the initiative of the population in matters of people's education.
15. For the realization of aims enumerated in Article 1, the Department of People's Education: (a) takes all measures for carrying into execution the provisions drafted by the State Commissions of Education, particularly those relating to a general program of education; (b) has charge of schools and cultural and educational institutions, in conformity with corresponding orders of the State Commission and direct instructions of the County Department of People's Education; (c) drafts estimates and submits them for approval to the County Department of People's Education, should a need arise for using county funds; (d) submits to the County Department of People's Education a report on its activity and state of affairs in regard to people’s education, these reports being submitted at designated periods, but not less than twice a year; (e) collects and supervises statistics of children of primary and school age and supervises their school attendance; (f) draws and supervises lists of candidates qualifying for the position of a teacher or director of institutions of primary education and, in cooperation with the Soviet of People's Education, organizes elections of teachers by the population; (g) calls and convenes, at appointed times, a Volost Soviet of People's Education; (h) submits to the Soviet of People’s Education detailed reports on its activity and acquaints the S. P. E. with legislative and governmental enactments in their field.
16. A Volost Soviet of People's Education is formed of: (a) representatives of all bodies having the right to send delegates to the Soviet of Workers’ Deputies, representations being the same as those of the collectives in the S. W. D.; (b) representatives of the teaching staff and those of pupils; (c) competent persons invited in advisory capacity.
Note 1.—The whole number of members of the Soviet of People's Education elected by the teachers and pupils must not exceed one-third of the whole number of members of the S. P. E., with the right to vote.
17. Sessions of the Volost Soviet of People's Education are open.
18. Sessions of the Volost S. P. E. are all held at least once a month.
19. A Volost Soviet of People's Education discusses the reports of the Supreme Department of People's Education, analyzes the Department reports on pressing legislative and other governmental acts and discusses the plan of organization pertaining to people's education within the volost.
21. A County Department of People's Education is formed of members, not fewer than five, elected by the Executive Committee of the County's S. W. D., thus forming Collegiums. | WIKI |
Determine the parameter - larson-miller parameters, Mechanical Engineering
Determine the parameter - Larson-Miller parameters:
Larson-Miller parameters for an alloy at tests levels 10 MPa and 30 MPa are determined respectively as 18 × 104 and 16 × 104. Determine the parameter for 20 MPa.
Solution
Write equation
ln σ= k1 m + c1
where, m is Larson-Miller parameters. Use given values
ln 10 = k1 × 18 × 104 + c1 = 2.3
By subtraction
ln 30 = k1 × 16 × 104 + c1 = 3.4
2 × k1 × 104 = - 1.1
∴ k1 =- 0.55 × 10- 4
∴ c1 = 2.3 + 18 × 0.55 = 12.21
∴ ln σ= - 0.55 × 10- 4 m + 12.21
For
σ = 20 MPa
m =- ln 20 - 12.21 × 104 /0.55
= 16.75 × 104
Posted Date: 1/23/2013 2:27:47 AM | Location : United States
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Talk:Justification (theology)/Archive 1
2004 comments
Hey, first time poster here (please forgive if I'm violating some format for talk pages). I do not feel that this article is entirely NPOV. Justification appears to be presented here in a way that advocates a Calvinistic perspective. At least that's the overwhelming impression I received after reading the article. The article acknowledges that the doctrine of justification is disputed, but fails to articulate the nature of any position other than that of a Calvinist. I am not accusing the author of deliberately violating Wikipedia's NPOV policies, but as I understand them, they seem to hold that if disagreement generally exists about a topic, the different points of view should be spelled out in the article. I do not know if the intention of the author was simply to use the Calvinist perspective as an example, rather than to endorse the Calvinist position. At the very least I believe the Catholic and non-Calvinist Protestant perspectives on this issue be given the same amount of treatment as the the Calvinist view. If I had more theological training, I would feel qualified to add these positions myself. Again, I could be wrong, but as a "passerby" on this article, I felt that it overtly advocates a Calvinist viewpoint.
<IP_ADDRESS>anon
* Yes, that it does. That's apparently because a Calvinist has written the Calvinism sections, and few others have contributed. My understanding also is that the Eastern Orthodox churches do not use the concept of justification, and that should be mentioned if it isn't already. Smerdis of Tlön 02:14, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)
How would we go about flagging this as disputed?
<IP_ADDRESS>anon
* To do that, you would need to add the tag to the article in chief. I would question whether that's necessary here; the article notes the POV chiefly stated as Calvinist, and to restore balance would mean to write the corresponding Roman Catholic and non-Calvinist presentations. I don't believe that the dispute comes from whether the Calvinist section correctly describes Calvinism. Smerdis of Tlön 16:43, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)
* Does that matter though? The fact that the article kind of admits that it's not NPOV doesn't change the fact that it's not NPOV. If I wrote an article about Taiwan that was obviously biased in favor of Taiwanese independence and admitted that I was being biased that wouldn't make it okay. Wikipedia's policies on this matter clearly indicate that if a topic is controversial or disputed, the different points of view should be discussed. This article makes plain that a dispute exists and only presents one side of the dispute. While the author does a good job of describing (and endorsing) the Calvinist position, this article is not about Calvinism, it is about justification. The Calvinist position on the issue is just one slice of the issue, and at the very least the article is incomplete. Maybe the author was thinking that he or she would plug in the Calvinist perspective and wait for someone else to come by and fill in the rest, but I for one wouldn't write an article about a disputed or controversial topic if I only knew one side's position on the issue.
RhesusmanRhesusman
* The introduction shows a familiarity with other POVs. The question is whether the author could give a truly fair hearing. It would make sense from someone else to do the other sections. So, I added two sections and hopefully someone from the respective POVs can fill in the text. If noone shows up, I could give it a shot but I come from the same perspective as the original author. -- Rich Blinne 1 December 2004, 00:53 (UTC)
Attempt at Addressing NPOV Issue
I added the Roman Catholic doctrine from the Catholic Encyclopedia. I couldn't find anything in the Calvinist section that I believe an Arminian would object to, so I relabeled the section as Protestant. Any Arminians disagree with my assessment? Does this address the NPOV issue?
Perhaps a section on attempts to bridge the gap between Protestants and Catholics should be added (e.g. Evangelicals and Catholics Together). -- Rich Blinne 1 December 2004, 16:08 (UTC)
* I took off the flag I put on the article. RichBlinne is right, in my opinion. I just wish the author had been a little more forthcoming about his/her inability to cover more perspectives adequately. While the article originally did mention other POVs, it didn't come anywhere near giving them an equal billing with the Calvinist one. I feel that the edits made thus far represent a substantial improvement.
RhesusmanRhesusman 2 December 2004, 12:22 (UTC)
Actually the Arminian view of justification does differ from the Calvinist one. There is also a third perspective on justification from N T Wright. I think the section labeled Protestant Doctrine of Justification should be relabled either Calvinist Doctrine of Justification or Reformed Doctrine of Justification and sections added for Arminian Doctrine of Justification and then a section on N T Wright. Is it ok to create these new sections blank and then fill them in later, when I have time? --CardassianScot 12:35, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
* It seems to me that the article has grown into a monstrous mess and desperately needs some trimming and clarification. The Arminian viewpoint certainly is different from the Calvinist perspective; most of the article seems very Roman to me. The article seems to need a major restructuring...we need a "do over"! KHM03 18:42, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
1998 Joint Declaration
It seems to me that the following excerpt form the NY Times http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/24/weekinreview/24stan.html (discussing Cardinal Ratzinger's past work) should be looked up and included in some form on this page. *Supposedly* it re-unites/reconciles the Protestant and R Catholic viewpoints: "...And yet one of his less known decisions was a 1998 joint declaration by the Vatican and the Lutheran World Federation affirming that the two churches had found common ground on the issue of "justification," the means by which a human being is made worthy of salvation; that dispute drove Martin Luther to set off the Protestant Reformation more than 500 years ago. At the time, many of Cardinal Ratzinger's critics suspected that he would sabotage the declaration. Instead, the Cardinal, a longtime admirer of Martin Luther, was instrumental in rescuing an agreement when it was on the verge of collapse, according to John L. Allen Jr., a journalist for The National Catholic Reporter who wrote a 2001 biography of Cardinal Ratzinger. The signing took place on Oct. 31, 1999, the anniversary of the day Luther nailed his 95 theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg...." --<IP_ADDRESS> 23:07, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
* Yes, and it is a very well known document among Catholics and Lutherans. I have created a stub article about it. See Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification. Furthermore, the material from the 1903 Catholic Encyclopedia does not adequately express the highly nuanced position expressed by the Pontifical Council in the JDDF, which is a more authoritative source.--<IP_ADDRESS> 19:41, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
2005 Comments
As a Catholic, I have added a few simple presentations of the Catholic understanding to the Catholic section without removing the dense 1910 Catholic Encyclopedia article. I tried to keep these as nonpolemical as possible, unlike the current Protestant section. I've added some Catholic and Orthodox external links and book recommendations, and the external links now include the Lutheran/Catholic "Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification" mentioned above. Someone still needs to do some serious work on the Protestant section, though, because it doesn't do justice to different Protestant theologies of justification. Johnaugus
* I feel that both the Catholic and the Protestant sections need work. The Protestant section needs a great deal of clarification, and the Catholic section needs a major trim. This page is on my "to do" list, but I may not get to it for a while. KHM03 10:54, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* Not only does this entire article need work - it needs a fresh start. The RC section seems far too combative where it ought to spend time on simply laying out the RC teaching, and the Protestant section is hopelessly muddled, especially as there is a great deal of dispute among Protestants as to what justification is all about --- there are many who stand in the same area of the field with Rome, finding Justification and Sanctification to be part of the same ball of wax, while others (esp. Lutherans) would take issue (to put it mildly) with the common Protestant understanding. Such disputes desperately need to be ironed out. --Rekleov 13:34, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* If the Catholic section needs shortening, I will remove the old Catholic Encyclopedia article and provide only a link to it. It is full of jargon that is only helpful to professional theologians. I will also remove most of the references to Protestantism in the rest of the Catholic section. But someone desperately needs to rework the Protestant section. It is non-representative of different Protestants and contains several offensive attacks on the Catholic position. Johnaugus
I think your edits would be helpful. I and likely others will work on the Protestant section (although, as I stated previously, that might be a little while); it is important that the Protestant perspective(s) on justification stand on their own and are not reliant upon criticism of Rome. I'll get to it! KHM03 21:31, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* Regarding the "criticism of Rome," I've sincerely tried to do the same in the Catholic section: presenting the Catholic view for what it is with as little reference to Protestant views as possible. There is still a brief section on "the problem of sola fide," but its primary purpose is to express the Catholic understanding of sola fide given the obvious controversy, and I've tried to make it less polemical while retaining a true expression of concern. If you have recommendations on that, I welcome them here. Best wishes with the Protestant section! Finally, a note on terminology in the Catholic section: Though the term "Roman Catholic" is common, even in Catholic circles, many Catholics are offended by the term because it arose from attempts to belittle and degrade Catholicism. Eastern Catholics also tend to find it offensive. So I do not recommend using the term "Roman Catholic." Johnaugus
Maybe the discussion as to whether to refer to the denomination as a whole should be "Catholic Church" or "Roman Catholic Church" is better argued on the page for Roman Catholic Church. Ahh, names! They can be funny. We try and say something with them about our self-image, but often exclude in the process. For instance, I am a United Methodist; I consider myself very "orthodox", ver "catholic"...and also consider my own denomination to be a "Church of God" and "Church of Christ". Oh, the silly things humans do! I wasn't aware, however, that folks find "Roman Catholic" offensive...for me, it is simply a mark of those in the Catholic "movement" (for lack of a better term) who recognize the authority of Rome, and affirm of the traditional Catholic, Thomistic theological system. Why might it be offensive? KHM03 22:01, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* Yes, I should take that issue to the Roman Catholic Church page. By the way, I understand that United Methodist Church members consider themselves "orthodox" and "catholic," of course! But at least the UMC calls itself the United Methodist Church, a name chosen by United Methodists, rather than everyone calling it by a name created by others in order to belittle it. Yes, names are funny. I think it's best to try to call people by the names they themselves have chosen. Johnaugus
Protestant section
With respect, I tossed out most of the section. It needs a major rewrite to be NPOV, and also contained a lot of inaccuracies. I've left a basic outline which I hope will be easier to work with, while also giving room to discuss variances within Protestantism. No offense or disrespect to previous editors intended...I just felt it was needed in order to perfect the section. KHM03 22:15, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* Recent edits still look like a mess to me (and pretty NPOV as well). Any thoughts/suggestions? KHM03 20:36, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
Printed resources
And do we really need these lengthy lists? Wouldn't it be better to have 3 or 4 good Catholic sources, 3 or 4 good Lutheran, etc.? KHM03 22:29, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* Personally, I'm in favor of good resource lists because this is a difficult topic for everyone. If there are lots of complaints, we can whittle them down, but I don't recommend it. Johnaugus
I would just like to see a "user friendly" list of far fewer...but high quality...resources. For example, are all those Catholic books equal in excellence re:the topic at hand? Or are there a few key texts, or resources which explain the perspective particularly effectively? We could list hundreds of fine Protestant books, but wouldn't it be better to just suggest a few of particular excellence, and let the reader continue his or her research from there, rather than burdening the reader with a massive list which leads the reader to exclaim, "Where on earth do I start?" A good compromise might be an external link to a bibliography. KHM03 00:39, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* A bibliography page (for the entire category) may be a great idea. This is a place where the Wikipedia can shine --- as a true encyclopedia, containing as much as possible in a logical form. The longer and better the bibliography, the more we will be of use to people. --Rekleov 13:16, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
As a separate page, with a link to it from this "main" page? KHM03 13:19, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* Sure. It will be easy to maintain and will have a specific function. --Rekleov 13:21, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
I like it! Do it! I'm going on a wikiholiday for a week or so, but will gladly look at it and work on it upon my return! KHM03 13:49, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
The resources currently listed in the Catholic section are deliberately varied. A layman with no theological training will probably not read the Balthasar and Lubac, but a theologian would need to read those rather than the popular-level works. One of the difficulties with the justification topic is that it is intrinsically related to the Catholic nature/grace controversy. Catholics need to know this (which is why it's in the resources section), though most Protestants do not (which is why it's not in the main body). With regard to Protestant/Catholic differences, many Catholic theologians think the root of the divide is the difference between Nominalist philosophical presuppositions and Realist ones, so some of the books address that. And finally, though "hundreds of fine Protestant books" specifically about justification and nothing else could probably be listed, the same is not true for Catholic books. Most Catholic treatments of justification occur in other contexts (e.g. books about sacramental life, mystical theology, etc.). It is difficult to find Catholic resources about justification and nothing else. (Catholics may be a little more similar to Orthodox in this regard.) So when you do find one, you want to let people know it exists! Johnaugus
"the problem of sola fide"
This section in the Catholic part is woefully inaccurate in its portrayal of the difference between Lutheran and Calvinist understandings. I didn't want to delete the entire section and really hope that someone who understands the Catholic position can redo the section. CSMR 10:50, 18 December 2005 (UTC)
Fresh start
I've attempted to rework this article in order to strike an encyclopedic tone and to remove some of the apologetic from the Catholic and Protestant sections. Please leave a message if I cut a really important point out -- that wasn't my intent! jrcagle 03:53, 30 April 2006 (UTC)
Moved Orthodox Section
I moved the Orthodox Christianity section. I'm an Orthodox Christian, and for us, justification is not a major doctrine. Thus, it makes more sense to explain the more traditions for which it is considered more important and then present the Orthodox viewpoint as an overall contrast. Dogface 03:48, 4 May 2006 (UTC)
* Heh ... thought you might appreciate being first. :-) Seriously, since the overall movement of the article is historical, would it make more sense to talk about "early church" pre-1054, and then have a separate post-1054 Orthodox section at the bottom that says "the Orthodox pretty much agrees with pre-split views"? jrcagle 19:09, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
Lutheran Section
I'll work on a thorough revision of the Lutheran section. It's not bad, but I have some resources that will help organize it better. I'll be working at it off line and will watch not to overwrite changes in it that occur between now and then. Does anyone want me to post my thoughts here first before adding it to the article? --CTSWyneken 20:02, 4 May 2006 (UTC)
* I went ahead and was bold. If I stepped on any toes, I apologize. Feel free to revert and we can discuss it if it is a problem. --CTSWyneken 12:59, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
* I'll give it a more thorough lookover tomorrow after I get my grades in. For now, I would ask that you restore the bulleted lists; I intentionally provided those for the sake of comparison amongst the different views. Thanks for your help; it's nice to have Luther experts on board! jrcagle 19:07, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
* I've put back the bullets, and corrected one that was in error. I'm uneasy with this kind of listing, because I think that it is hard to compare apples to oranges. Lutheran theology of Justification is quite different than that of other Christian traditions. Also, I think it needs some help visually. May I invite an editor from the classical Reformed tradition to take a look? --CTSWyneken 19:36, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
Perhaps it would be useful to provide some information about how Justification and Sanctification interact in Lutheran theology since other views mix Sanctification and Justification. I had been collecting some notes from Pieper to use on this section, but upon reading what we now have, I think what I was working on was going to be too detailed and too long. Tkleinsc 13:31, 6 May 2006 (UTC)
* Hmm... I thought I did that. Is there anything in particular you'd like to add? I think we need to keep the whole section as concise as possible, but we certainly can add more. Pieper would make good citation material, but I'd rather steer away from the thick prose.
* Also, do you have a copy of Braaten-Jensen? We still have to do the ELCA viewpoint, esp. the JDDJ. Bob --CTSWyneken 18:31, 6 May 2006 (UTC)
* After re-reading it, I suppose that one paragraph distinguishes Justification and Sanctification enough. I don't have Braaten-Jenson and I won't really be able to help on the ELCA/JDDJ viewpoint on Justification. Tkleinsc 18:59, 6 May 2006 (UTC)
Thanks, CTSWyneken. Sorry about the "can" v. "cannot" be lost; I have no idea how I missed that on proofing. Comments:
* The first paragraph in the Luther and Lutherans section ("'This one firm rock...'") feels odd to me, almost like an advertisement for the view rather than an explanation of it. What would you think about moving that paragraph to a later point? Then the flow could be something like History --> Doctrine --> Implications ('This one firm rock' goes here) --> Summary.
* Upon reflection, I think you're actually musing over Luther's own words here. My thought in putting it in is to emphasize that for Luther and Lutherans, justification is the most important, fundemental doctrine of our material principle. As far as the tone goes, very little of Luther's actual words are not in a homiletical voice. What you're reading is his typical style. The difference here is that, while he loved hyperbole, this one is different. He really means that the whole of Christian doctrine "stands or falls" with this one teaching. For him it is the gospel. I'll come back later. It's going to be very busy here this week. In the mean time, Preus, Robert D. "Luther and the Doctrine of Justification" [online]Concordia Theological Quarterly 48 (1984) no. 1:1-15. Available from http://www.ctsfw.edu/library/files/pb/1458 is a helpful essay. --CTSWyneken 12:50, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
* How about this: "“This one and firm rock, which we call the doctrine of justification,” insisted Martin Luther, “is the chief article of the whole Christian doctrine, which comprehends the understanding of all godliness.” Lutherans tend to follow Luther in this matter. For the Lutheran tradition, the doctrine of salvation by grace alone through faith alone for Christ’s sake alone is the material principle upon which all other teachings rest."?
* That change in language removes any neutrality objections that I had. jrcagle 17:21, 10 May 2006 (UTC)
* Sure! And here I thought you were after "Luther insisted." 8-) --CTSWyneken 17:38, 10 May 2006 (UTC)
* I think it's important to mention Luther's heavy reliance on Augustine. His emphasis on helplessness outside of Christ doesn't make sense otherwise (i.e., it appears as a novel doctrine).
* It would be great to have a style editor take a whack at it.
* I agree that lists can oversimplify, but for the reader who is unfamiliar with the issue, a side-by-side comparison can be really helpful. Even though the Orthodox view doesn't really map to the Reformed view very well (because of a different underlying theory of the atonement), it can still be useful to compare and constrast some of the different features of their theories. No?
jrcagle 03:16, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
* I'm going to add an "early church" section to remove a structural POVism. As it stands, the article appears to claim that the RC church carried on the early church view in toto, which is not really accurate. Having a separate early church section will make it possible to clarify the history in later sections.
* My style here is intended more for variety and to make the point that, from Luther on, this doctrine is central for Lutherans.
* I want to avoid going into too much detail on the dependence upon Augustine. I'm afraid we'll loose people when we try to explain how Luther differs from him. (VERY slightly, but very importantly for Lutherans. Most people will say, "huh?"
* The Early Church section is a good idea, but we have to be careful. It would be quite easy to favor one view over another of what those folk said. After all, Catholics, Reformed, and Lutherans all claim to have the Bible right, and although I, of course, think Lutherans are correct 8-), it is very easy to describe things the way we would like them.
* For this whole thing to be comprehensible to a person cruising by. So we need to be careful in how we do this.
* Please remember, I also have to find a way to explain what the ELCA thinks and the JDDJ.
* Well, good thoughts. I hear the twins coming in from the prom and church calls all too early tomorrow, so I'll come back later. --CTSWyneken 07:26, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
Justification losable for Lutherans??
Rekleov, CTSWyneken (and any others who want to chime in),
There has been a bit of reversion going on in the Lutheran bulleted list: justification has gone back and forth between "cannot be lost" and "can be lost." Does that reflect a genuine difference of opinion, or is it simply a confusion?
If the former, let's discuss. If not, I've reverted to "cannot" under my understanding of Luther's view.
Thanks, jrcagle 17:52, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
* Simply confusion. Lutherans maintain that you can lose your justification (read salvation) by rejecting God's grace and walking away. We see it as a mystery -- like one God in Three Persons, Jesus = Fully God and Fully Man at the Same Time, and a number of other things. How the seeming contradictions fit together we say, literally, "God only knows."
* Said simply: If we go to Heaven, it's all God's fault. If we go to Hell, it's all our fault. I can provide quotations if necessary. --CTSWyneken 18:41, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
* Does that represent Luther's view, Lutherans' views, or both? My understanding from reading Bondage of the Will is that Luther took Augustine's line on predestination. However, I also have understood Lutherans as following Melancthon's view rather than Luther's. If that is the case, then it would seem that justification was considered permanent by Luther, even if not by Lutherans. Thanks, jrcagle 19:20, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
* I believe both, but will double check it. I'm not thoroughly familiar with the arguments in BOTW, however. --CTSWyneken 19:25, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
New Paragraph in Lutheran Section
An anonymous user introduced this into the Lutheran section:
* However, in the past thirty years research on Luther has advanced new conclusions. The "New Finnish Interpretation of Luther," advanced by University of Helsinki professor Tuomo Mannermaa among others, observes a more mystical stream of thought within Luther's writings. His writing makes clear that there is a distinction between Luther's thought and the more systematic, sometimes crypto-Calvinist writings of Philipp Melanchthon, Martin Chemnitz, and more importantly, Friedrich Schleiermacher. Here, Luther's theory of atonement begins with nods toward the Christus Victor model predominant in Eastern Orthodoxy. Luther's soteriology is thereafter modeled on a process of salvation that, while making a distinction between instantaneous justification and the process of sanctification, involves a mystical union through Christ truly present in the faith and in the Eucharist. It is very much akin to theosis.
There are a few reasons why I don't think it belongs.
1 -- It is uncited, but this can be fixed. 2 -- This is about what Lutherans believe and have believed. Luther is here only to introduce this. I know very few Lutherans who can understand much less agree with this paragraph. 3 -- Luther's words very clearly do not express salvation as a process. I can quote them, and endless dogmatians on that one, if needed. 4 -- If this paragraph goes anywhere, it should be on the Luther page.
Unless there are objections, therefore, I'll leave the paragraph here. If we put it back, I would ask that the author cite his sources and include the "old" view of Luther that Mannermaa departs from. --CTSWyneken 00:00, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
* Hmm... I just read:
Mannermaa, Tuomo. "The Doctrine of Justification and Christology Chapter A, Section One of The Christ Present in Faith" [online]Concordia Theological Quarterly 64 (2000) no. 3:206-239. Available from [online Version) I do not find anything like the above in it. Does anybody else? --CTSWyneken 00:25, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
* Mannermaa & co. miss the forest for the trees. While there are some passages from Luther's writings (almost none from the confessional documents in which he had a hand) that support their thesis, these are not generally representative of the larger body of Luther's work, and are pretty much cherry-picked from here, and here, and now there, paying little attention to the textual and temporal context of the works quoted. Mentioning Mannermaa's thesis might not be bad; what is here, however, is inaccurate, and on more than one level: Chemnitz as crypto-Calvinist? Really? If you want to read more, check out the Jenson/Braaten-edited work that Eerdmans put out a few years back, as well as Marquart's review of the Finnish view of Luther that also appeared in the CTQ. (btw, added a colon to mark off the quoted paragraph above] --Rekleov 03:57, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
* Also, this is the Lutheran section, not the Luther section. That makes a difference as to what ought to be presented. --Rekleov 04:02, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
* Let me interject here that this section *was* originally the "Luther and Lutherans" section, and that was deliberate. It was my intent to take a historical perspective as a device to avoid the heavily POV approach of the article that preceded this one. I would prefer to keep Luther's views at the top of this paragraph, and then Lutheran views (if different -- e.g., ELCA) at the bottom, so that the history of ideas can be clear to the reader. That is also the reason that I would like to have Augustine's influence on Luther mentioned, as it is a clear and discernable connecting link in the history.
* To a non-Lutheran such as me, the added P appears to be inside baseball; I don't even really understand it (although I'll check the link you provided, Bob). jrcagle 19:31, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
* The problem is I don't understand it either. 8-) The article I linked to is much clearer. It examines the role of the Jesus in receiving all the sins of the world and the role of the child of God in receiving all the righteousness of Christ. The paragraph seems to suggest that Luther believed, according to Mannermaa, or so it says, that salvation is a process. If all I've seen of Luther on this subject, it is far from the truth.
* That being said, I'm not a historian of systematics, so I'm not entirely clear what Augustine said about Justification, much less its influence on Luther. Do you have a paper you could point me to on this one? --CTSWyneken 20:37, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
"Forensic" v. "Merely Forensic"
One paragraph at the top formerly read thus:
(old) The relationship between justification and religious law: whether justification is merely "forensic", a legal declaration that a sinner is now righteous before God for Christ's sake, or something more;
The paragraph at the top now reads thus after MonkeeSage's edit:
(new) The relationship between justification and religious law: whether justification is "forensic", a legal declaration that a sinner is now righteous before God for Christ's sake, or "constitutive", an actual change in the sinner;
The change to "constituitive" makes good sense. I would prefer the language "change in the nature of the sinner" rather than "actual change in the sinner", since the word actual is ambiguous theologically (is it a real change or a change in actions? -- cf. usage of actual sin in the Westminster Confession) *and* because Protestant forensic justification *is* a real change in the sinner: the sinner is no longer subject to God's wrath and is at peace with God.
I would vote against the change from "merely forensic" to "forensic", for the following reason: Some Roman Catholic theologians take Trent to mean forensic + constituitive, others reject forensic language entirely. All RCs however insist that justification is not "merely forensic." See RC source and non-RC source, and compare to | Trent 6th Session, chap. 7.
The paragraph
(old) * The relationship of justification to sanctification, the process whereby sinners become more righteous and are enabled by the Holy Spirit to live lives more pleasing to God ...
was edited to remove the mores, thus:
(new) * The relationship of justification to sanctification, the process whereby sinners become righteous and are enabled by the Holy Spirit to live lives pleasing to God ...
I don't understand the import of that change. It appears to deny that sanctification is an ongoing process, which almost all agree to.
Adding propitiation was a good and necessary addition. Thanks!
jrcagle 20:22, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
* Jrcagle: Good points. On the first issue I was just careless and basing my edits mainly on catholic apologists like Keating and Matatics (who have an obvious reason to focus on only the constitutive aspect), rather than actual catechetical and canon literature. On the second point, I was trying to create an ambiguity between definitive/initial sanctification (i.e., regeneration), progressive sanctification, and final sanctification (i.e., glorification), as "more" could be taken as only including the latter two, while the former is just as important (to many Protestants) to distinguish from justification (in terms of the ground and material cause) as the latter two. I thought that leaving "process" would allow the statement to encompass all three "kinds" of sanctification, while still conveying that it is not merely a single point-in-time event. If there is a better way to do it, I have no objections at all. » MonkeeSage « 00:53, 12 May 2006 (UTC)
One More Thought
The addition "they also claim that James 2:24 refers to "showing" one's justification before men (v. 18, i.e., "declarative justification"), not actual justification before God." is a pretty typical Protestant solution to the James problem, but it is not the only one offered.
Another typical solution, slightly different from the one above from the Wikiarticle, is to take "you see that a man is justified by works, and not by faith alone" to mean that one is justified before God by a faith that, after the moment of justification, leads to works, which you can see and use as post-facto evidence of justification. See.
The only difference between the two statements is the indirect object of "justified" - to (or before) whom? In the first, it appears to read "justified before men" (which is the approach here: ). In the second, it reads "justified before God" (which you see, because of the works). In both cases, the works validate the salvation before men, but the sense of justification is different.
end of nitpick. :-)
jrcagle 20:43, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
* Imprecision is the bane of theology, and the boone of a thousand misunderstandings, heh. ;) Feel free to rework as needed; I mainly wanted to just get the that particular conflict represented, as it is a fairly common point of debate between Cathlics and Protestants. I don't think you're nitpicking, BTW, I think you have a good point and it should be represented in the article. » MonkeeSage « 00:53, 12 May 2006 (UTC)
* See if you like the current version. jrcagle 12:23, 12 May 2006 (UTC)
POV gentle reminder
On 12 July 2006 between 11:04 and 11:47PM, an anonymous user at <IP_ADDRESS> modified the justification article by copy-pasting the list of Catholic justification characteristics into the early church justification characteristics.
While such a change might be welcome to those who consider Catholic doctrine to accurately represent the doctrine of the early church, it is not acceptable on Wiki for the following reasons:
* Such a change is POV
* Such a change is undocumented
If there needs to be discussion about including the change, please do so here. Until the case is made, that particular item will be deleted.
jrcagle 20:06, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
Assessment comment
Substituted at 15:10, 1 May 2016 (UTC)
Justification in the Gospels
Hi all,
I reverted a paragraph on justification in the gospels. The prior text read
* The gospels do not give any extended discourse of Jesus on justification. He does mention the term once, in Luke 18:10-14, but assumes that his listeners know what it means to be "justified." However, justification is a very present sub-text of the gospel accounts. All four Gospel writers (evangelists) portray his teaching, life, death, and resurrection through the lens of our need for righteousness, connected to our need for forgiveness of sins.
That text was modified to read
* The gospels do not give any extended discourse of Jesus on justification. He does mention the term once, in Luke 18:10-14. All four Gospel writers portray his teaching, life, death, and resurrection.
which is true, but somewhat vacuous.
I've reverted to the prior text, but if there are POV or other concerns, please feel free to discuss here. jrcagle 20:26, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
The section about justification in early church says that st. paul writes about imputed righteousness in Rom.5
This is followed by the lutheran section which claims that the lutheran belief is about imputed righteousness.
while it is true that lutherans believe in imputed righteousness, there is no reason to conclude that Rom. 5 talks about monergestic, imputed righteousness like the lutherans.
Rom. 5 along with James 2:22 seems to lead to a conclusion of infused righteousness, which is the Catholic position
I have removed the notion of imputed righteousness from the section about early christianity - rewriting it as justification apart from works alone!
* Hi, I assume that this is <IP_ADDRESS>. Please feel free to log in and join the discussion. The reason that Romans 5 is said to discuss 'imputed righteousness' is that the language of imputation is a straightforward understanding of Romans 5, esp. vv. 13 and 18. The use of 'imputation' in the article is not an attempt to prejudice the discussion in favor of the Lutheran understanding of imputation; the point is merely to say that the language is *used* at this point, which then becomes the basis for the later division between RC and Prot. understandings, which is the overarching organizational theme of the article (as well as the topic sentence of the section on Paul!). jrcagle 14:10, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
Polite Request #2
To <IP_ADDRESS>: Please sign in and discuss changes before you remove valid material and insert tendentious material. If something needs to be changed, that can be accomplished through the usual process. Thanks, jrcagle 19:07, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
The use of the phrase "imputed sin and righteousness" in referring to Paul's writing in Rom. 3 and Rom. 5 is misleading. Whether or not "imputed" is used in the same sense as "imputed righteousness" is referred to in the presentation of Protestant doctrine further down in the article is a moot point - simply because it is definitely misleading to those who would read the article. Such NON-LITERAL quotations from the Bible is not helpful, as is illustrated by the misleading effect in jrcagle's use of "imputed".
Neither is there any reason to imply that Paul writes about imputed sin and imputed righteousness. The word imputed is not to be found in Rom 3, Rom 4 or Rom 5 (unless in spuriously translated Bible translations).
I have reverted back to contents which can be LITERALLY found in the epistles.
One further reason for doing this is to entirely cover the contents of Rom. 3 and Rom 5. (regarding the theology of justification), in contrast to jrcagle's method of covering it by one misleading phrase - namely "imputed sin and righteousnes". This is important for reasons of COMPLETENESS.
The changes I have added are merely what can be LITERALLY traced back in Rom. 3 and Rom. 5 - with no particular interpretations or POV added in. This is important for reasons of NEUTRALITY.
21:48, 6 December 2006 (UTC)krasp
* Thanks for your contributions. I appreciate the desire to stick to contents that can literally be found in the epistles; that in fact is the goal of that section. Further discussion is needed on the issue of 'imputed sin', which is literally found in Rom. 5.13 "αχρι γαρ νομου αμαρτια ην εν κοσμω αμαρτια δε ουκ ελλογειται μη οντος νομου"; the word ελλογειται means 'imputed', 'reckoned', 'charged to one's account.' Here are a couple of online sources: and . Even the New American Bible uses the word 'accounted' to translate ελλογειται.
* It is important, IMO, to include the issue of ελλογειται in this section because (a) the word is Paul's and (b) it contributes to the later discussion in the Reformation.
* A similar thought is relevant to Romans 8.30ff
* And those he predestined, he also called; those he called, he also justified; those he justified, he also glorified. What, then, shall we say in response to this? If God is for us, who can be against us? He who did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all—how will he not also, along with him, graciously give us all things? Who will bring any charge against those whom God has chosen? It is God who justifies. Who is he that condemns? Christ Jesus, who died—more than that, who was raised to life—is at the right hand of God and is also interceding for us. Who shall separate us from the love of Christ...
* This text is literally in the Scriptures, and it is relevant to the later arguments concerning 'eternal security'; therefore, it should be included.
* At this point, I think it would be best if we assumed the best of one another, without charges of misleading, and tried to find a way to express the Scriptural data in a way that does not prejudice the issues. jrcagle 19:09, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
Seeking consensus
I agree with the move of the Orthodox section to a point earlier in the article. In fact, the Orthodox section was originally first in the article, but was later moved by an Orthodox contributor. I vote to keep the Orthodox section either as krasp has placed it, or even above the RC section.
On the other hand, I disagree with adding the "Justification in the Bible" header and separating it from the views of the early church. The writings of the apostles were both a legitimate part of early church theology *and* the source for the theology of the patristics. It made a lot of sense to me to include both the Scriptures and the patristics as one section together rather than separating them. Is there a reason not to do so?
krasp's edit to sola fide is problematic
* Protestants meanwhile hold tenaciously to the sola fide formula, charging that without it, the Christian is led down a path that is inevitably Pelagian and Judaizing - an untrue allegation considering that the Catholic Church has firmly rejected both Pelagianism and Judaizism.
(the bolded words are krasp's additions). I fully appreciate that the RC church rejects the charges. However, it *is* the case that Protestants make them, and it is also the case that it is impossible to have a full account of charges, responses, and counter-charges in this section. I would vote that either (a) the charges be relativized to 'Catholics charge this about Protestants; Protestants charge that about Catholics', or else (b) the charges and their responses be given a much more systematic treatment. (a) was the way I wrote that section. I'd be happy to move to (b) if there is a great need for it. As krasp writes it, though, the Protesant response is judged as being "untrue", which is impossibly POV. Protestants believe the charges of Pelagianism and Judaizing to be true, despite the firm rejection; Catholics do not. I vote for reversion here.
* They charge that the alleged abuses Luther saw were a logical outworking of a Catholic system that includes good works as a necessary condition for justification.
This should not be a matter of controversy requiring the qualifier alleged. All sides agreed at the time and now that there were abuses, which is why the council of Trent spent a lot of effort rectifying those abuses. To give one example, Trent forbade the sale of indulgences. The sale of indulgences is widely agreed to be a real abuse that sparked Luther's walk down the Reformation path.
Your thoughts? jrcagle 20:27, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
A further point for discussion:
* The Orthodox see salvation as a process of theosis, in which the individual is united to Christ and the life of Christ is reproduced within him. Thus, in one sense, justification is an aspect of theosis. However, it is also the case that those who are baptized into the church and experience Chrismation are considered to be cleansed of sin . Hence, it is difficult to map the Orthodox concept of justification to the Catholic and Protestant concepts. In the words of one Orthodox Bishop...
was changed to
* The Orthodox see salvation as a process of theosis, in which the individual is united to Christ and the life of Christ is reproduced within him. Thus, in one sense, justification is an aspect of theosis. However, it is also the case that those who are baptized into the church and experience Chrismation are considered to be cleansed of sin . Hence, the Orthodox concept of justification cannot be reconciled to Protestant concepts, while it is not considered as being in disagreement to Catholic concepts. In the words of one Orthodox Bishop...
"Cannot be reconciled" is possibly true, but not definitely. I would prefer qualification. OTOH, "Not considered as being in disagreement" is probably false. The Eastern Orthodox doctrine has no doctrine, to my knowledge, of a Final Justification; nor is there any sense in the EO of Christ's merit being granted to overcome the guilt of original sin. It is important for the Eastern church's doctrine of justificfation that people do not inherit the guilt of original sin and therefore have no need to be cleansed of it; this is a central feature of the RC doctrine of justification.
What concerns motivated you to make the change? Perhaps those can be addressed. jrcagle 17:31, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
* I didn't hear back from you, so I went ahead and made changes. See whether the new version addresses your concerns. jrcagle 20:10, 15 December 2006 (UTC)
ελλογηται
<IP_ADDRESS> had changed the translation of 'ελλογηται' in Romans 5.13 from 'imputed' to 'inherited.' That translation finds no support in any translation I'm aware of, from the NIV to the NAB. . I've changed the translation back to "'imputed' or 'accounted'", reflecting both Protestant and Catholic translations. Any objections? jrcagle 00:55, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
Good Article nomination
Hi guys, just wanted to give you all an FYI that this article has been nominated for "Good Article" status. The nomination is currently on hold as there is a short list of small improvements that I think will push it to the point of being a sincerely "Good Article". You can see and discuss them on the comments page. Folks that have not contributed significantly to the article can see the criteria for a "Good Article" here and can vote on it here. Have a nice day! Nswinton 02:41, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
* What is the status here? This article's on hold period has expired. IvoShandor 07:50, 18 April 2007 (UTC)
* That's not unusual for GA. It's waiting for someone not involved in the article to remove the hold and decide the nom. --CTS Wyneken (talk) 10:39, 18 April 2007 (UTC)
* Well, contact them, there is a 160 article backlog at WP:GAC, its time to decide, I'll give it a couple days. IvoShandor 13:48, 19 April 2007 (UTC)
* Wait a sec, has this article had a review? Who put the hold on it? Hmmm. Holds are for use when articles have had a reviewer come along and review it. When a reviewer finds problems they put the article on hold for 2 to 7 days for the issues to be addressed. If there hasn't been a review take it off hold and wait for one which shouldn't be too long in coming considering how long it has been nominated. IvoShandor 13:55, 19 April 2007 (UTC)
* The GA nomination was put on hold less than an hour after nomination by the nominator, who posted a list of concerns on the Comments page. EALacey 14:08, 19 April 2007 (UTC)
* The whole process is very informal. From my experience with GA, this is a typical nominee -- almost there, but not quite. I'd put such articles on hold, list concerns as the nominator did in an interesting way and then wait. We often do not take the close date seriously. On the other side, even if the article fails, it can be improved and renominated. So, I wouldn't take any of this seriously beyond an impetus to improve the article. By the way, WikiProject Lutheranism has listed it as a collaboration of the week. So, rather than talk about the nom, how about we just improve the article? --CTS Wyneken (talk) 14:27, 19 April 2007 (UTC)
* Regardless, there is a process to it, the article cannot remain on hold indefinitely, I won't fail it, but don't be surprised if someone else does, as the project has picked up a lot more reviewers lately and is attempting to streamline the process. It is frowned upon for anyone who has significantly contributed to an article to review it for GA, just FYI. IvoShandor 06:04, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
* (outdenting) I have no problem with you going ahead and failing it or the nominator withdrawing it. It will not change what we do here one way or another. Re: contributors conducting an article rewiew. Of course! That's why I didn't review this article, but rolled up my virtual sleeves and got to work. 8-) --CTS Wyneken (talk) 09:59, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
* I've gone ahead and removed the hold. The problem with the hold is that no GA reviewer will pick it up while it's on hold; meanwhile it's aging and could be removed from the nominations list after 7 days. I've left the nomination in place, so someone will probably come along and review it within the next couple of weeks, perhaps sooner. If anyone feels it's not ready, feel free to delete the nomination and resubmit it when you're ready. Mike Christie (talk) 19:12, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
Table of Positions vs. lists
As I look at the short lists at the end of each "views" section, I wonder if we'd be better off with a table. I'm not particularly good with wiki tables, however. If others agree with me, could someone set up one in a sandbox for us to look at? --CTS Wyneken (talk) 13:48, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
Orthodox Views
The section on Orthodox views is short but surprisingly good. I've added one cite to support one of the statements on theosis.
I've hesitated to add more to the section, but will note that Dmitri (1983) describes the Orthodox Church's teachings on how God judges "each individual on the basis of his whole spiritual state, his relationship and attitude to Christ's work of salvation, his acceptance or rejection of Christ's teaching and redeeming grace, and his use or misuse of them." (p. 64) Majoreditor 02:24, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
* Thank you for the added cite. Please feel free to add a bit more. If you can give a fuller picture of the way the doctrine is/has been taught, it would be quite useful. We can always spin sections off into their own articles if this one gets overlong. --CTS Wyneken <sup style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:maroon;">(talk) 09:58, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
Archive
The talk page was around 60K, so I archived everything prior to August 2006. If anyone objects, please feel free to revert me - it was just a bit much to scroll through everytime. I also nested the banners. -- Pastordavid 21:28, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
Catholic Views
As I began work on improving the article, I noticed that we quote the Council of Trent quite a bit. In light of Vatican II and the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, plus the elevation of Cardinal Ratzinger to Pope Benedict XVI, I think we would be in a stronger position if we cite them, and if nuances have changed a bit, add these to the section. --<b style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:navy;">CTS</b> Wyneken <sup style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:maroon;">(talk) 13:16, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
* The Council of Trent is definitive on the doctrine of justification. Vatican II added nothing further to our understanding of it. Even the Catechism of the Catholic Church references Trent and makes no mention of Vatican II. Fjapinteric (talk) 01:25, 17 November 2007 (UTC)
Good Article Nomination
Hello. I would like to review this article. I need to read this article carefully but I have a few comments at the moment:
* It seems to me that the lead satisfies the requirements of WP:LEAD. But please double check to make sure that it satisfies "The lead should be capable of standing alone as a concise overview of the article, establishing context, summarizing the most important points, explaining why the subject is interesting or notable, and briefly describing its notable controversies, if there are any. Many users read only the lead, so it should be self-contained and cover the main points. It should not "tease" the reader by hinting at important information that will appear later in the article. It should contain up to four paragraphs, should be carefully sourced as appropriate, and should be written in a clear, accessible style so as to invite a reading of the full article."
* More impotantly, this article uses primary sources(direct quotes from Bible) as reference. This is perfectly okay when an scholar writes articles but it is usually discouraged to use primary sources directly as references in wikipedia because it can get close to WP:OR. Let me explain the reason: There are thousands of verses in the Bible and all these verses should be viewed together, interpreted together in their context. Only an scholar who has a comperhensive knowledge of the bible can quote some verses to show a point. Even then, Christians and Jews use the same hebrew bible but interpret it differently. Therefore we need secondary sources for statements: According to scholar X, Y is true. I have noticed that this is very important. Sometimes we may understand biblical verses in a way they were not originally understood. We have different translations etc etc. So, would you please add references from secondary sources (No_original_research). Thanks --Aminz 23:24, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
* Thanks for the review! I can see your point on the Scripture verses, although I don't know if I'd take it quite that far. After all, pulling together a certain set of quotes from a variety of sources could be seen as the same thing. Who are we to interpret what these scholars say? (or as I've seen in other articles, that they are scholars... 8-) ) Still, it would be helpful to have scholarly opinion added. This is especially true since, not so much the list of Scriptures, but the interpretation of them can be seen as a POV... --<b style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:navy;">CTS</b> Wyneken <sup style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:maroon;">(talk) 10:42, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
* Good point CTSWyneken. According to the wikipedia policy: "The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is whether material is attributable to a reliable published source, not whether we think it is true." - We can write various notable views some of which may be wrong; but that's wikipedia. All we need here is to add new references in addition to the original references to the article. The first reference for example is great:"Fred. W. Danker, ... (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000)[The works published by university presses are more reliable than others]. I think Britannica Encyclopedia, Catholic Encyclopedia, etc etc are easy-to-use sources. Cheers, --Aminz 21:02, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
* I agree with both of you. In order to follow policies like WP:V, WP:NOR, we must find the best review articles/publications for each discussed item. What will be more difficult is to reach WP:NPOV, which depends heavily on what views are notable and which are held by the majority or minority. I for one do not pretend to know that. We will need clear, verifiable attributions to sort this part out. Awolf002 21:10, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
* I don't see how this can pass the GA criteria. There is a glaring ommission regarding the status of Gentiles - how does the relationship between Jews and Gentiles fit in with justification? There is no evidence that any editor of this page is familiar with recent theological developments in this area. Many people will come here hoping for an explanation of the New Perspective on Paul discussion concerning justification. I really hope someone can step up and put the necessary work into this article, as well as the one on the NPP. StAnselm 13:51, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
* If that is what you feel is most important for this article, please feel free to jump in and help to expand the article's coverage of that aspect of justification. Pastor David † (Review) 14:44, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
* Indeed. Please be bold! Please do me a favor, though, and cite sources. We've already got a bit of work to do to document what's here... --<b style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:navy;">CTS</b> Wyneken <sup style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:maroon;">(talk) 20:45, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
I went ahead and defaced the article with fact tags and clarification tags which I felt may be necessary :P --Aminz 01:38, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
* As a note, this article has minimal chance at GA with the reliance on the primary source, the Bible. This is original research unless it has been published by a reliable secondary source. It isn't up to editors at Wikipedia to interpret the Bible and then publish our interpretations. Verifiability not truth. While it is not up to use to interpret scholars, we can judge the reliability of sources by the amount of editorial oversight. In general so called scholarly sources have intense amounts of peer scrutiny before anything is published in their pages. We can rely on this published information to compose an article. While the assertions may indeed be true simply referencing them to the relevant passages in the Bible will not do. IvoShandor 10:30, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
* Likely that you know this, just making sure. : ) IvoShandor 10:33, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
* Yes, this was one of the two reasons that this article didn't pass GA at the moment. --Aminz 10:37, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
* While I agree that we should add scholarly citations here, it concerns me that folks are ready to consider scripture citations as original research. We summarize other sources and cite them. How is this any different? I could argue that summarizing reliable sources is intepreting them as well. Scripture citations are necessary to direct a user to what the article is referring to, especially when it provides a direct quote or close paraphrase.
* The issue that the Original Research policy was intended to combat was one of neutral point of view. So, I believe, where there is little disagreement in scholarly circles on the meaning of a passage, there is no reason why it can't be cited. --<b style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:navy;">CTS</b> Wyneken <sup style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:maroon;">(talk) 11:30, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
* I can see your point but I think it shouldn't be very hard for someone familiar with the literature to find sources for these statements. --Aminz 11:33, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
* In theory, yes. In practice, mind-numbingly painstaking and tedious. Each source will make its own points, and, while they will be similar to what we have, no one is going to make all of the points or use the same set of passages or say things the same way, even if they are in harmony with each other. What you are asking for is a horrendous amount of work. --<b style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:navy;">CTS</b> Wyneken <sup style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:maroon;">(talk) 14:25, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
Mormonism
I do so believe that Mormonism in some way should be included on the article list, since I think mormonism itslef I think could have a say in this and I notice it doesn't include it enthier and such. So then, help it put it on there then. -Jana —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:31, 10 February 2008 (UTC)
Lead 'graph
The 'graph is incoherant as to both topic and meaning. As to my first two points, i don't think those shortcomings will be improved by even temporary removal, and i hope this will start some collaborative process on them. --Jerzy•t 07:55, 11 December 2008 (UTC)
* 1) The title is "Justification", but what is the topic? We follow a convention that tries hard to avoid titles that aren't nouns, especially by converting verbs to gerunds (e.g. "climb" for the noun, but the verb "climb" to "climbing. Am i mistaken in thinking an at least equally accurate long title for this article could be "Christian accounts of how, when humans are or become justified, that is so"? If so, "Justification" has been chosen as the title in part because we don't like overly long titles any more than ones that are verbs, and in part bcz that 5-syllable word has become a catch-word in theology -- but not bcz "justifying" or "justify" are less relevant or even less central terms to the topic. But since "justification" suggests extra effort by a writer, made because "justifying" wouldn't do, and since the 'graph launches from there into several inflections of one Koine term, i think we need to be clearer than usual about the direct relevance of at least those three words.
* 2) Justification is discussed in the Universalist passage using a different definition -- i would guess "Justification is the state of a human being in a righteous relationship to God", which slightly but importantly expands the existing one. (Or perhaps -- the divine action being so crucial to so many Christian points of view -- it's worth stating the Univ. version (in the same or next sentence) as an exception to a very broad pattern; i don't see the details as crucial as long as the lead 'graph doesn't falsely describe the scope of the article.) This may take more serious research: do Univ. theologians actually use "justification" or "justify", or do they avoid the term -- or recognize the concept but dismiss its relevance, bcz they agree with the current lead's dictdef in imputing an action to "justification"?
* 3) The pseudo-etymology is so bad, and (tho useful when done right) so far from being necessary, that i've removed it to here: doing it, this far from right, is worse than leaving it out until we've got it right. More specifically:
* 4) I think Koine follows a wider pattern of lacking this silly use of "to" as part of the infinitive (you can't create a split infinitive in Latin or German). If δικαιόω means "to declare..." in the sense that it is an un-inflected verb, we should say that, and avoid any confusion that it may simply serve as a noun "to declare...", along the lines of "the act of one who declares...."
* 5) "Justification" is from δικαιόω at most in the sense that it translates a Latin term that translates the Greek one, and i suspect only in the sense that the "root noun δίκαιος,-α,-ον [meaning] righteous[ness]" (emphasis added) is produced by a syntactic transformation on δικαιόω.
* 6) We must be clear that δικαιόω does not appear in the OT: Perhaps the false statement that it does is supposed to be shorthand for saying that a word reasonably translated that way appears in the Hebrew scriptures; more interestingly, it may mean it's used in the Septuagint, which means that it's a valuable hint (by being the consensus of a large body of the most scholarly practicing Jews of their time, as to the best translation of a Hebrew term -- or several of them -- into Koine) about its proper connotations. The truth has to be determined, and then stated clearly in place of the misleading mush.
* 7) Yes, it's possible to do Christian theology without considering the quintessentially Hebrew meanings of the Jewish theological terms that appear in the X'tian scriptures, just as it's possible to devoutly read the Bible when you only understand English and you wouldn't read (anything you'd consider describing as) "a translation" but only "the real Bible"; we do need to speak up for that PoV. But we also need to speak up for the (still Christian) PoV that there's an inescapable foundation, fully expressible between Hebrew and Aramaic, to Christian theology -- and we deny that PoV by discussing the Koine without the least mention of the Hebrew. (And any relevant Aramaic wouldn't be such a bad idea, but i gather there are no Gospel uses of the term.)
* 8) Of course, to accomplish those 4 points, you have to move that passage out of the lead 'graph. That would have been a good idea anyway, even if the Koine were all that needed discussion. But i don't think it has to leave the lead sec'n.
* It is thus that for now i have removed (for functional replacement by a separate graph) the portion i show in green from the previous lead 'graph:
* In Christian theology, justification is God's act of declaring or making a sinner righteous before God. Justification, from the Greek δικαιόω (dikaioō), "to declare/make righteous", is a word occurring in the books of Romans, Galatians, Titus, and James, among other places; the root noun δίκαιος,-α,-ον righteous occurs throughout both Old and New Testaments. The concept of justification occurs also in many Old and New Testament books.
Recent edits by Theology10101
Personally I think the recent change by the above editor adds nothing to this article and uses inappropriate language. I treated it as vandalism given the absence of any engagement on the talk page but have reached a 3RR limit. The same author is making similar edits elsewhere.
Either way I propose that the article revert to the lede before that edit. Any other opinions? --<font color="#801818" face="Papyrus">Snowded <font color="#708090" face="Baskerville">TALK 11:37, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
Justification Table Sandbox
Would anyone object to the following addition right before the table? Incidentally there's a comment that the table lacks a reference. I good one would be McGrath's book "Justicia Dei."
Part of the reason for these differences is a difference in the definition of "justification." Starting with Augustine, the Catholic tradition has understood justification as the entire process by which God forgives and then transforms Christians. Based on their reading of the use of "justification" in Paul's letters, the Reformers took justification to refer specifically to God's forgiveness and acceptance. The term "sanctification" was used to refer to the life-long process of transformation. Thus the Catholic term "justification" effectively includes both what Protestants refer to as "justification" and "sanctification." This difference in definitions can result in confusion, effectively exaggerating the disagreement. However the difference in definitions reflects a difference in substance. In the Protestant concept, justification is a status before God that is entirely the result of God's activity and which continues even when humans sin. Thus using different words for justification and sanctification reflects a distinction between aspects of salvation that are entirely the result of Gods activity, and those which involve human cooperation. The Catholic tradition uses a single term, in part, because it does not recognize a distinction of this type. For the Catholic tradition, while everything originates with God, the entire process of justification requires human cooperation, and serious sin compromises it.
Hedrick (talk) 19:15, 28 November 2009 (UTC)
In line with my proposal to replace all the bullet summaries with a table, I tried my hand at using an HTML table to do the job. Please take a look at it on: User talk:CTSWyneken/Justification Table Sandbox. The text is all fair game and you all are welcome to tweak it. I'm just working on the concept. If everyone likes (or doesn't object anyway) I'll replace all the bullets with it. --<b style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:navy;">CTS</b> Wyneken <sup style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:maroon;">(talk) 13:30, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
* I got around and made an example table with the standard wiki syntax, using the first three rows of your sandbox table. Feel free to use/edit/improve it. Awolf002 02:41, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
* Thanks! I'll take a look! --<b style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:navy;">CTS</b> Wyneken <sup style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:maroon;">(talk) 10:11, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
* I've taken the plunge and moved everything to a table. Please feel free to adjust. This is only a first blush attempt. --<b style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:navy;">CTS</b> Wyneken <sup style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:maroon;">(talk) 14:25, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
* I tweaked a bit. It now looks pretty good to me. Awolf002 15:27, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
* I like the table. Thanks for doing that! jrcagle 19:03, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
(undent)I think the table is a rgeat idea, much easier than a seperate list in every section. One little quibble: the last section "Justification & Atonement." I don't know that each tradition can be assigned one single atonement theory. For example: Aulen's Christus Victor (which seems to be meant in the Orthodox section of the table) is drawn explicitly from the Lutheran tradition -- yet many Lutherans would not recognize Christus Victor, instead opting for substitutionary/penal atonement. I would suggest leaving that last section off. -- Pastordavid 19:31, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
* I don't have trouble with loosing the column; I just brought it in from the bullets. On the other hand, its almost impossible to generalize for a whole tradition at all. The best we can do in tables is describe the majority and spell out the nuances in the text. But, I'm easy; if no one objects, I delete the column. --<b style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:navy;">CTS</b> Wyneken <sup style="font-family:Andale Mono IPA; color:maroon;">(talk) 20:37, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
The Structure of this Article
I think this article would be significantly improved by a new structure. My intuition is that a division along the lines of biblical studies / (historical) systematics would be best. This is already the case to some extent, but perhaps the following would have the additional advantage of leading quickly to the NPP debate, which many wikireaders are interested in. Sections which are not yet significant could be mere paragraphs:
1. Biblical Studies 1.1 OT 1.2 NT (Gospels / Paul) 1.3 Recent Research (say from 19th C) 1.3.1 The history-of-religions school 1.3.2 Bultmann and Käsemann 1.3.3 The New Perspective <IP_ADDRESS> Stendahl, Sanders & Räisänen <IP_ADDRESS> Dunn, Wright <IP_ADDRESS> Reformed responses to the new perspective
Explanation: Here the new aspect is gathering all the NPP bits and bobs together and treating it for what it is: a theme of biblical studies research. Putting the research into its larger context is helpful, as well as differentiating the different strands of the NPP, along with the reformed critic from some evangelical pastors and scholars.
2. History of the Doctrine 2.1 Early Church 2.2 Middle Ages 2.3 Reformation 2.3.1 Protestant Reformers 2.3.2 The Counter-Reformation 2.4 Protestant Orthodoxy 2.4.1 Lutheranism 2.4.2 Calvinism 2.5 Enlightenment criticism 2.6 Kulturprotestantismus 2.8 Recent research - see Biblical studies above!
Explanation: History gives the modern debates the context they need. In the existing article, history is largely subsumed in the "comparison of traditions" - putting the reformation developments on a par with Emanuel Swedenborg!
3. Denominational positions 3.1 Eastern Orthodoxy 3.2 Anglicanism 3.3 Methodism 3.4 Swedenborg church 3.5 A Comparison of Traditions
Explanation: These particular traditions don't belong in a broad-brush-stroke history of the doctrine. Giving, say, Methodism the same weight as the classical confessions is misleading. That's not a slight - just a measure of influence. Therefore these things separately in part 3. The nifty chart of traditions would fit nicely here.
''These are my suggestions for the structure. Please respond - do you think this would be better?'' Egoeimisam (talk) 15:31, 1 September 2010 (UTC)
Biblical References: Old Testament
Right now, the paragraph on the Old Testament background to justification is fairly slim. I would like to expand it by citing and commenting on relevant OT passages: Gen 15:6; Deut 6:25; 25:1; Isa 53:11; Dan 12:3.
Kyledi (talk) 19:48, 10 January 2011 (UTC)
Old Testament, Prophets
The statement "However, the prophets were clear that the sacrifices of themselves did not accomplish cleansing" cites Is. 1:11 and Hos. 8:13. But I don't think the statement truly reflects what is said in those passages. In both cases, I believe it's abundantly clear that the sacrifices aren't being rejected on account of their obsolescence, or because they "accomplish nothing." I believe the sacrifices are rejected by God in those passages on account of Israel's lack of obedience, gratitude, adherence to the Law, etc.
In addition, I think the statement inaccurately attributes this belief that the sacrifices of themselves accomplishing nothing to "the prophets," Isaiah and Hosea far from any type of majority, and also inaccurately describes their stance as "clear."
I don't know what other scriptures can be cited to support any indication that material sacrifices were surrogate, or of themselves accomplished nothing. I don't know how the consensus view of the prophets ought to be described. But this statement truly needs to be removed or profoundly modified by someone who does know these things. Raolyn13 (talk) 19:58, 7 April 2009 (UTC)
The matter above is no longer an issue. Call it ✅ Raolyn13 (talk) 19:51, 22 June 2011 (UTC)
New perspective
Should there be a section added regarding the debate around justification and the New Perspective -and Tom Wright? (Be Dave 22:50, 4 March 2007 (UTC))
* Definitely, as soon as someone scholarly can figure out precisely what he believes :) jrcagle 00:48, 13 March 2007 (UTC) (Seriously ... yes, he is an important figure in the justification discussion and deserves mention).
Yes, there should.
I have added relevant material to the article on "imputed righteousness." I started there because of a request for contributions. The problem is that very similar additions are needed to righteousness, imputed righteousness, justification, and justification by faith.
The NPP started out as a critique of traditional Protestant understanding 1st Cent Judaism, particularly its supposed legalism. The 4 articles as currently written don't actually have much on that. As the article on NPP correctly observes, the NPP refers to a group of scholars who don't agree with each other in many areas. I'm mostly familiar with Wright. As I understand him, he mostly agrees with the classical Reformed concept of justification as status before God. What he disagrees on is how it is established. The Reformers saw it as a legal decision, where Christ's righteousness was credited to us. Wright believes (correctly, in my view) that this isn't what Paul meant. First, righteousness is itself a status, not a matter of moral or religious perfection. Second, we're justified not by having Christ's moral and religious perfection credited to us, but by the activity of the Holy Spirit, which unites us to Christ, and through which we die to sin and are raised to new life. Of course this concept is not lacking in the Reformers, particularly Calvin.
Hedrick (talk) 19:51, 28 November 2009 (UTC)
There definitely should be indication, if not a fuller discussion, of the ongoing debate in Christian circles in interaction with Dunn over justification. As it stands the article is out of date — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:07, 3 May 2012 (UTC)
Untitled section
The chief problem with this article is that it uses an abundance of theological jargon instead of plain English and therefore cannot be understood by a typical Wikipedia visitor. I would go so far as to say that it was written in terminology that is specific to a particular sub-set of the Christian community and does not reflect the impartiality required of Wikipedia articles. Further, it omits human beings from the definition, "God" and "sin" are mentioned, but not the sinner. In the phrase "God's act of removing the guilt and penalty of sin" does not have an object. Who is having his or her guilt removed? Also the phrase "Christ's atoning sacrifice" presupposes a very extensive knowledge of Christian history and theology. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:12, 6 May 2014 (UTC)
A central problem for describing "justification" in a neutral way arises when Christian theology is reduced to Protestantism, Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy, and their doctrines are presented as the only alternatives for understanding it, either as an idea, or as a theological action. Similarly, the English word "justification" has a contentious relationship to the original terms used in the Classical-Hebrew and Ancient-Greek foundational texts. For these reasons, among others, it would be best to write the article as a history of ideas: ideas expressed in especially Classical Hebrew and Ancient Greek (to which we have access through the work of various types of authorities/experts, from philologists and exegetes to church theologians); ideas expressed by various theologians over time; ideas expressed by scholars of religion who analyse the aforementioned ideas altogether.Stjohn316am (talk) 18:46, 9 July 2016 (UTC)
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080512021427/http://www.ctsfw.edu/library/files/pb/577 to http://www.ctsfw.edu/library/files/pb/577
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080512021427/http://www.ctsfw.edu/library/files/pb/577 to http://www.ctsfw.edu/library/files/pb/577
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 21:36, 29 April 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
User:Jabrill Blackman
Jabrill Blackman
He was born Nov 22, 1996 and is a native of Hawaii. He attended Honolulu Area High School and was a varsity basketball star. He went on to play in college at the University of Louisville. He average 57 pts 28 rebounds and 0 assists. His most Famous quote is "I am probably the best big man in this zip code. "
He was drafted 7th overall by the Sacramento Kings where he was shafted in the rookie of the year voting. He lead the Kings to the ship as a rookie. He resigned with the kings for a max deal and was traded to the Timberwolves where he became KG.
His nickname is the slightly above average sized fundamental. He also won 2016s Mosted Hated basketball player due to the fact that he didn't pass.
He continues to star for the t-wolves.
He died on Wednesday the 23rd in Africa. Cause of death unknown. Most likely believed to have died of a broken heart when he found out his boyfriend was a "heterosexual". | WIKI |
1998 ATP Tour World Championships
The 1998 ATP Tour World Championships (also known for the doubles event as the Phoenix ATP Tour World Doubles Championship for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courtss. The surface was called "GreenSet On Wood" which had a wood base coated in synthetic material and provided a medium-pace surface. It was the 29th edition of the year-end singles championships, the 25th edition of the year-end doubles championships, and both were part of the 1998 ATP Tour. The singles event took place at the EXPO 2000 Tennis Dome in Hanover, Germany, from 24 November through 29 November 1998, and the doubles event at the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, from 18 November through 22 November 1998.
Singles
🇪🇸 Àlex Corretja defeated 🇪🇸 Carlos Moyá, 3–6, 3–6, 7–5, 6–3, 7–5
* It was Àlex Corretja's 5th title of the year, and his 9th overall. It was his 1st career year-end championships title.
Doubles
Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis defeated Mark Knowles / 🇨🇦 Daniel Nestor, 6–4, 6–2, 7–5 | WIKI |
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PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) Blood Test
What Is It?
The PSA is a protein that is only made by the prostate gland. Any man who has a prostate will have at least a small amount of PSA level in the blood. The PSA blood test is not specific for cancer, so a PSA level that is higher than normal does not always mean that cancer is present. An infection or inflammation of the prostate can raise the PSA level. The prostate can also get larger and that can raise the PSA level.
PSA testing is most helpful after cancer has been diagnosed. It can be used to see how serious the cancer is. Generally, a very high PSA is worse than a slightly high one. However, aggressive cancers may not make much PSA protein, giving a low level as well. The PSA level is also used to see if treatment for cancer has worked. If the PSA level returns to very low levels after treatment, but then begins to rise again, it is likely the cancer has recurred. Men who have had their entire prostrate gland removed should have no detectable PSA level.
What Is Normal?
Any PSA level below 4.0 is normal. However, a normal level depends on a man's age and the size of his prostate. Older men have higher PSA levels than younger men. Men with a larger prostate have higher levels than those with a small prostate. A man can have prostate cancer with any level of PSA. But, the higher the level, the greater the likelihood that cancer is present.
When Is A Biopsy Appropriate?
Your doctor considers many things before advising you to have a prostate biopsy. These include:
• Your PSA level
• The change in the level over time
• The fraction of total PSA in the blood that is not attached to other proteins over total PSA. (This value is a lot lower in men who do have prostate cancer than in men who do not.)
• Your age
• Your family history of prostate cancer
• Other risk factors:
• race (prostate cancer is more common in African-Americans)
• results of prior biopsies
• urinary symptoms
Please share any questions you have about this information with your doctor or nurse. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
2016–17 BVIFA National Football League
The 2016–17 BVIFA National Football League is the seventh season of the competition. The season began on 18 September 2016.
Islanders FC won the championship, making it their seventh British Virgin Islands title. Islanders along with the top four sides qualified for the 2017 BVIFA President's Cup, a postseason tournament to determine the domestic cup champion. | WIKI |
User:(WT-en) Villabugis
Villa Bugis is absolute villa rentals for Bali holiday accommodation in the Bali's most fashionable district located, just 25 minutes drive from the Airport center of gourmet cafes, restaurants and bars, home wares, and fashion stores where an international mix of celebrities and cosmopolitan jet setter flock to shop, party and indulge. Each villa has private swimming pool with deck, kitchen, bar, living, entertainment rooms and dining facilities. All bedrooms are spacious with individual bathroom. The use of space and tropical plantation design has been carefully planned to create tropical living, which offer privacy while also giving a sense of openness. Private villa is a perfect setting for an unforgettable and intimate private dinner. Entertain a close circle of friends in a manner usually reserved for the very privileged view. A barbecue is the perfect option for an intimate and private party. An on call massage facility featured dedicated to concise body and beauty rituals. All massage treatments focus on natural healing therapies designed to restore vitality within ambient surroundings to enliven, relax and nurture the body, mind and spirit. | WIKI |
Setting Up an AT&T WiFi Extender for Apple Devices
In today’s digital age, a strong and reliable internet connection is crucial for staying connected and getting work done. However, dead zones and weak signals can be a common issue in many homes or offices. To combat this problem, using a WiFi extender can help boost your signal strength and improve your overall connectivity. If you are an Apple user and have an AT&T WiFi extender, here is a detailed guide on how to set it up effectively.
1. Unboxing Your AT&T WiFi Extender
When you first receive your AT&T WiFi extender, carefully unbox the device and make sure you have all the necessary components included in the package. Typically, you should find the extender unit itself, a power adapter, an Ethernet cable (optional), and any instruction manuals or setup guides.
2. Placement of the Extender
The placement of your WiFi extender plays a crucial role in its effectiveness. It is recommended to place the extender halfway between your router and the area where you experience weak WiFi signals. Ensure that there are no obstructions such as walls or large objects blocking the signal between the extender and your devices.
3. Powering Up the Extender
Plug in the WiFi extender to a power source using the provided power adapter. Wait for the device to power up fully, which may take a few minutes. Once powered up, you should see indicator lights on the extender showing its status.
4. Connecting to the Extender
Using your Apple device (iPhone, iPad, MacBook), go to your WiFi settings and look for available networks. You should see a network name that corresponds to your AT&T WiFi extender (e.g., ATT_EXT). Select this network and enter any password or security key if prompted.
5. Accessing the Extender Setup Page
Open a web browser on your Apple device and enter “http://attwifimanager” or “http://192.168.1.1” in the address bar to access the setup page of your AT&T WiFi extender.
6. Configuring Settings
Follow the on-screen instructions provided on the setup page to configure settings | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
tosha tosha - 10 months ago 81
Java Question
Cucumber-JUnit, is there a way to control the order in which @before and @after tags run
I have two @after tags, @close-browser and @screenshot.So, right now when I use both tags for feature file it is first executing @close-browser and It fails in executing after method for @screenshot.
Is there a way that I can tell cucumber to run @screenshot after method first?
Answer
The screenshot should be taken in one of the @After annotated methods. Like this:
@After
public void finish(Scenario scenario) {
try {
byte[] screenshot =
helper.getWebDriver().getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES);
scenario.embed(screenshot, "image/png");
} catch (WebDriverException somePlatformsDontSupportScreenshots) {
System.err.println(somePlatformsDontSupportScreenshots.getMessage());
}
finally {
helper.getWebDriver().close();
}
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:TreasuryTag/Big box
's userpage I was born, and live, in Wimbledon – near the tennis. I mainly deal with vandalism and edit Doctor Who articles (though I'm also Jewish, and a part-time teacher of Hebrew and Jewish Studies, so I sometimes edit in that area too). I'm not going to tell you my name for privacy reasons. Unix time:
''NB:– I previously had the usernames Rambutan and Porcupine, and for a (very) short while, edited as Circuit Judge. Just for the record!''
Barnstars and particular achievements
* Doctor Who: Original Television Soundtrack
* Doctor Who: Original Television Soundtrack – Series 3
* Doctor Who: Original Television Soundtrack – Series 4
* Music in psychological operations
* Osmotherly Rules
* Ministerial Code
* Municipal year
* Yaheh Hallegua
* Oklahoma primary electoral system
* Geoffrey Bindman
* Possibly the height of my Wiki-career was having my talkpage nominated for deletion because I am "shameful"
* ...although being compared to Richard Nixon was an unexpected honour!
* I received the honour of my first dedicated subpage on the admins' noticeboard in October 2010.
* My absolute favourite ever "keep" argument at AfD is this one – it wins for the sheer audacity of its paucity of sagacity, although this one is also pretty hard to beat.
* has warned me for "using improper humour" (!) on a page certainly appearing to contain none whatsoever!
* I'm the devil incarnate it would seem!
* TreasuryTag has received 907 hours' worth of blocks, plus two times ∞, though has only actually been blocked for 356 hours and 12 minutes | WIKI |
A change in diet about 3.5 million years ago may have set hominid species on a path to becoming human, according to a study led by the University of Colorado, Boulder.
Scientists conducted high-tech tests on the tooth enamel found in remains of ancient hominid species. The results indicated that, prior to that dietary change, the hominids ate pretty much like chimpanzees, dining on items like fruits and some leaves.
But then some hominid species started adding grasses and flowering plants to their daily menus.
Grasses and sedges were readily available back then, but the hominids seem to have ignored them for an extended period, said anthropology Professor Matt Sponheimer, lead author of the study.
“We don’t know exactly what happened,” said Sponheimer. “But we do know that after about 3.5 million years ago, some of these hominids started to eat things that they did not eat before, and it is quite possible that these changes in diet were an important step in becoming human.”
Scientists had previously analyzed the teeth of about 87 ancient hominid specimens. Sponheimer and his team came up with new detailed information on the teeth of 88 additional specimens, which also included five previously unanalyzed hominid species.
To find out what kind of plants these early hominids ate, Sponheimer’s team analyzed the carbon isotopes found on the fossilized teeth. The researchers found the carbon signals of two distinct plant groups; the first, called C3, came from plants like trees and bushes, while the other, called C4, came from plants like grasses and sedges, which are flowering grasses.
The researchers also examined the microscopic wear of hominid teeth, which provided scientists with more information on the foods they were eating. Since there were multiple species of hominids, there was no such thing as one specific hominid diet.
While early ancestors in the genus Homo, which includes modern humans and the 3 million-year-old fossil known as Lucy – who many scientists see as the matriarch of today’s humans – were diversifying their diets with different food choices, another type of short, upright hominid, the Paranthropus boisei, who also lived in Eastern Africa at the time, was moving toward a much more specific diet made up mostly of items like the grasses.
Scientists had given the P. boisei hominids the nickname “Nutcracker Man” because it had large, flat teeth and powerful jaws that may have been powerful enough to crack nuts. But, according to Sponheimer, more recent analyses suggest they might have actually used their back teeth to grind grasses and sedges.
“We now have the first direct evidence that, as the cheek teeth on hominids got bigger, their consumption of plants like grasses and sedges increased,” he said. “We also see niche differentiation between Homo and Paranthropus. It looks probable that Paranthropus boisei had a relatively restricted diet, while members of the genus Homo were eating a wider variety of things. The genus Paranthropus went extinct about one million years ago, while the genus Homo, that includes us, obviously did not.”
Researchers are puzzled at the differences in the evolution of those hominids living in eastern Africa compared to those from southern Africa.
Another hominid, called Paranthropus robustus, which was found in southern Africa was very anatomically similar its eastern African cousin, P. boisei. But Sponheimer and his team found that the teeth of the two had quite different carbon isotopic compositions in their teeth, which suggested that they each ate different diets.
The southern African P. robustus hominid appeared to have augmented its diet of grasses and sedges with items from the C3 group such as trees and bushes.
“This has probably been one of the biggest surprises to us so far,” said Sponheimer. “We had generally assumed that the Paranthropus species were just variants on the same ecological theme, and that their diets would probably not differ more than those of two closely related monkeys in the same forest.
But the researchers found that their isotopic evidence of each of the hominids indicated that their diets were so different from each other that they could have been as different as primate diets can be.
“Ancient fossils don’t always reveal what we think they will. The upside of this disconnect is that it can teach us a great deal, including the need for caution in making pronouncements about the diets of long-dead critters,” said Sponheimer.
”Diet changes may have been crucial step in becoming human”—VoA Blog. The truth of Gen1:29 cannot be changed.
Comments are closed. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Pontiac Hispanic History Preservation Project
The Pontiac Hispanic History Project is the result of a committee's effort to gather and catalog the Latino history of the city of Pontiac, Michigan. The committee was begun by Martha Padilla and is co-chaired by her and Willie Martinez.
The project actively documents and researches the earliest Puerto Rican and Mexican immigrants that came to Pontiac in the 1940s and 1920s respectively. They maintain a growing library of newspaper clippings, personal photographs, and audio and video recordings, as well as acquisitions from the defunct Pontiac Latin Affairs Office. Plans encompass cataloging the archives of the Azteca Boxing Center, a local boxing training facility.
Origins
Martha says she was prompted to begin the project after trying to organize her husband's old papers. Hector Padilla, a native Puerto Rican, had passed on and she felt that the history contained in papers from his tenure as the first Latino city commissioner, as well as lobbying for migrant worker conditions and his efforts in forming the Hispanic Congressional Caucus, were important to the community and needed to be put somewhere.
The effort of Martha was expanded as she realized that others in the Latino community deserve recognition. Fear that the records of who has done what would be lost spurred Willie Martinez and others to join Padilla in gathering stories and history of the Pontiac Latino community at large.
Location
The findings will be presented to the Burton Historical Collection at the Detroit Public Library on 08 Oct. 2008. Emphasis was given to making sure any findings were collected and presented to Burton Collection rather than being "...stored in someone's garage or basement". | WIKI |
5,183 reputation
11840
bio website
location Germany
age
visits member for 4 years, 5 months
seen yesterday
I happen to know a thing or two about printing, PDF, PostScript, PJL, Fonts and related stuff.
Also familiar with some bits and pieces of Linux, Unix, Samba and Solaris printing. Not to forget bash programming and Windows cmd.exe batch scripting. I also do consultancy in these topics.
If you want, I share some of this knowledge here and on Stackoverflow (SO). Just click to browse for all.
Stackoverflow.com:
Superuser.com:
Serverfault.com:
Jul
5
revised Making ls output like dir /b /s
added 174 characters in body
Jul
5
comment Making ls output like dir /b /s
@grawity: D'oh! You're right of course. (I do it right whenever I need to do it in a shell. Heaven knows why I did it wrong when typing it into the text edit field....) I'll correct my comments so it will not confuse other readers.
Jul
5
comment Generating PDF via command line in PDF Creator doesn't work, works in GUI
HTMLDOC (htmldoc.org) is another utility to directly convert HTML to PDF (or PostScript). Can be put to work on the commandline, with a GUI or as a web servicve.
Jul
5
comment Making ls output like dir /b /s
@grawity: you're right and wrong at the same time. $PWD or ${PWD} would return the content of an environment variable (the current directory). This is what you have in mind. pwd is a little commandline utility ('print working directory') which also outputs the current directory path. Using it as ${pwd} or as `pwd` would return the result of that command, which in this case has the same effect as using $PWD. So my version will definitely work, and your comment was not appropriate in this context.
Jul
5
revised Making ls output like dir /b /s
added 172 characters in body
Jul
5
awarded Commentator
Jul
5
answered Making ls output like dir /b /s
Jul
1
comment ubuntu 9.10 cups server cupsd.conf
That's not correct. What you indeed do have to avoid is multiple Listen ... statements with overlapping sockets. What is completely "legal" with CUPS is having 2 (or more) separate Listen ... statements, one with Listen 127.0.0.1:631, another one with Listen 192.168.1.101:631. These do not overlap. What will always overlap is to use wildcard statements, such as Listen *:631 and also add specific ones such as Listen 192.168.1.101:631.
Jul
1
answered ubuntu 9.10 cups server cupsd.conf
Jul
1
revised Is there a freeware program for editing the text stream of PDFs?
clarify some statements, since they were not unambigous enough
Jul
1
answered Is there a (free or commercial) print server which print PDFs from networks?
Jun
27
answered How to know which fonts are used in selected part of a PDF document
Jun
25
comment How do you type Unicode characters using hexadecimal codes?
you can also calculate with set /a in a command window ;-). To convert hex=4321 into decimal, just type set /a 4*16*16*16+3*16*16+2*16+1 and the result will show up as 17185
Jun
25
comment How do you type Unicode characters using hexadecimal codes?
@Arjan: you do not type hex chars with the "alt+nnn" method. You do only type decimal character codes. That's why you cannot type even straight "U+1234" strings (which do not contain any of your loathed "a-f" characters) into your numeric keypad as "alt+1234", but you need to convert hex==1234 into dec==4660 and then type "alt+4660" before you (MAY) get what you want. So your statement "using the Alt-trick does not work for hexdecimal codes" nails the problem exactly, but you missed to understand it yourself :-)
Jun
25
comment How do you type Unicode characters using hexadecimal codes?
@Will: the "alt+NN..." method expects decimal, not hex notation of the character position. Unicode uses hex. So if you want to type what Unicode represents as "U+23AF" you need to convert hex==23AF into decimal==9135, and then type "alt+9135". That's the only general method there is on offer. But: You wanted character may still not appear as expect in the text field or document, if your currently selected font does not have the "U+23AF" place filled (or if it is not a Unicode font in the first place!).
Jun
25
comment How can I type U+200B character?
@RobertPitt: if you want to use the "alt+NMO" method with numeric keypad, the "NMO" part must not be the identical string as the Unicode codepoint description. Unicode codepoints are given as hex values. The "alt+NMO" method needs decimal values. You MUST convert the Unicode "NMOP" into a decimal. Then use "alt+<decimal-of-NMOP>" on your numeric keypad. (Doesn't work for me with the examples Mehper had given, I don't have fonts. But works for all cases of "normal" characters, as well as characters which are displayed by my local charmap.exe.)
Jun
25
answered How to know which fonts are used in selected part of a PDF document
Jun
25
answered How can I type U+200B character?
Jun
25
comment How can I type U+200B character?
Which operating system are you using?
Jun
25
comment Is there a freeware program for editing the text stream of PDFs?
(After all, there are tons of OCR'd PDF documents out there. And OCR working with 99% accuracy is already regarded as "good". (But looking from the p.o.v. of a high school teacher, any text that has 10 spelling errors for each 1000 characters is earning one of the worst school grades you can imagine....) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Vince Vaughn pleads no contest to reckless driving
(CNN)Actor Vince Vaughn pleaded no contest to an alcohol-related reckless driving charge after his arrest last year in California, authorities said. In addition to completing a three-month alcohol program and paying fines, Vaughn was sentenced to summary probation for three years, the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office said in a statement. While on probation, he cannot refuse a preliminary alcohol screening test if requested by law enforcement. 'If he drives under the influence and a person is killed, he could be charged with murder," the statement said. The "Dodgeball" actor was stopped at a DUI checkpoint outside Los Angeles shortly after midnight in June last year. He was subsequently arrested for driving under the influence and for resisting, delaying or obstructing officers, authorities said at the time. Vaughn entered his plea through an attorney Friday. CNN's Sarah Moon contributed to this report | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Generating MOF for Partial Configurations using Configuration Names
This topic contains 7 replies, has 3 voices, and was last updated by Arie H 1 year, 7 months ago.
• Author
Posts
• #38785
Phil J
Participant
Cross-post from stack exchange
Is there a way to generate a MOF for all nodes? I.e. the node block is
Node * {...}
or the only entry in the config data is
{NodeName="*";...}
. If I run a configuration with these settings, PS will overwrite any existing servername.mof file to contain
@TargetName="*"
but it will not rename any of them nor will it generate a new MOF if the subdirectory is empty.
Is this possible or even a good idea?
• #38791
Arie H
Participant
Theres no Partial Configurations for ConfigurationNames.
Partial configurations is only for GUID based registration.
ConfigurationNames is a RegistrationKey based registration.
At the moment ConfigurationNames accepts only one value, even though its defined as an array. The idea is that you use localhost as your node name, and then after the mof is created you rename it to the value you set in ConfiguratioNames
This way later on, if you want any of the nodes that use the same ConfigurationNames to get an update you create a new mof again and rename it to the value and all of them will get the new mof.
• #38835
Alfano Greg
Participant
I have been able to create partial configurations using configuration names after finding this blog post: https://automationnext.wordpress.com/2016/04/19/powershell-desired-state-configuration-partial-configurations-without-configurationid/
The author created two ConfigurationRepositoryWeb blocks with one ConfigurationName in each but I was able to just use one with two configs listed in the array.
• #38840
Phil J
Participant
Thanks for the quick reply Arie and thank you for that blog post Alfano, it's always good to have a reference. I'm having the same results as you as the following configuration is currently working in my test environment.
[DscLocalConfigurationManager()]
Configuration PartialTest
{
Param (
[string[]]$ComputerName = 'localhost'
)
Node $ComputerName
{
Settings
{
ConfigurationMode = 'ApplyAndAutoCorrect'
RefreshMode = 'Pull'
RebootNodeIfNeeded = $true
ActionAfterReboot = 'ContinueConfiguration'
}
ConfigurationRepositoryWeb PullServer
{
ServerURL = 'http://PullServer:8080/psdscpullserver.svc'
RegistrationKey = '8945c454-68dc-4ff5-b89e-72ec89d4ce80'
ConfigurationNames = @('Partial1','Partial2')
}
PartialConfiguration Partial1
{
Description = 'Place test1.txt at c:\'
RefreshMode = 'Pull'
ConfigurationSource = '[ConfigurationRepositoryWeb]PullServer'
}
PartialConfiguration Partial2
{
Description = 'Place test2.txt at c:\'
RefreshMode = 'Pull'
ConfigurationSource = '[ConfigurationRepositoryWeb]PullServer'
}
}
}
Where I'm having issues is with generating the mof for Partial1 and Partial2. Running this configuration will overwrite the file if there is exactly one mof in the .\Partial1 directory, but fails to output a mof if .\Partial1 contains 0, or 2 or more existing mofs.
Configuration Partial1
{
node *
{
File test1
{
Ensure = 'Present'
DestinationPath = 'c:\test1.txt'
Contents = 'Content placed by Partial1'
}
}
}
• #38850
Alfano Greg
Participant
Ah I see what you are saying. In the partial configurations I've written, I used the name of the Configuration (in your case "Partial1") as the name of the node. The value of node will determine the name of the .mof file.
Configuration Partial2 {
Node ('Partial2') {
File Test {
Ensure = "Present"
DestinationPath = "C:\some\path"
Type = "Directory"
}
}
}
• #38852
Phil J
Participant
Hey that works. Thanks!
• #38878
Arie H
Participant
I stand corrected.
This is interesting and probably was fixed in latest version as it used to bug couple of months ago if you set ConfigurationNames to more then one value. I've opened a github issue and a uservoice on this and got a reply its not supported or intended to hold more then one value. So I left it be, hoping it wil be fixed at later point, but never read anything about this being fixed.
Probably it bugged as it was always from a single pullserver and not from multiple. Which was my ultimate request so I didn't have to setup multiple pull servers for four/five departments each in charge of their section.
The original blog is a good read on how he did it, indeed. Wonder what was the version of the xPSDesiredStateConfiguration module he used.
Phil, i would advise to use DependsOn on one of the partials just so you know exactly at what state the node is. Though it doesn't matter much with two files, but with complex scripts it becomes vital.
I would also advise on using a report server to see the combined actions.Here you will need another pull server just for that, no point building one for each of the partials.
Still think they should allow partials from same pullserver URL. One can only hope 😊 Good find Greg, thanks alot for sharing, need to test more scenarios then in my lab 😉
• #38879
Arie H
Participant
Don, if you're reading this, this needs to be pinned 😊
You must be logged in to reply to this topic. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Judah Minz
Judah ben Eliezer ha-Levi Minz (c. 1405 – 1508), also known as Mahari Minz, was the most prominent Italian rabbi of his time. As his surname suggests, he immigrated around 1462 from Mainz to Italy. He officiated as rabbi of Padua for forty-seven years, during which time he had a great number of pupils, among whom were his son Abraham Minz, and the latter's son-in-law Meir Katzenellenbogen. In a dispute he had with Elia del Medigo, he was supported by Elijah Mizrachi.
It appears from Solomon Luria's responsa that Minz was the author of a number of ordinances (takanot) at Padua. According to Mordecai Ghirondi, Minz was professor of philosophy at the University of Padua. Ghirondi further states that in recognition of Minz's services as professor, the authorities of the university placed his portrait, with an appreciative inscription, in the hall of the university, over the staircase. It is very likely, however, that Ghirondi confounded Minz with Elijah Delmedigo or Abraham de Balmes, both of whom lectured on philosophy before Christian audiences. In 1505, he partook in Birkat Hachama and was then already over one hundred years old. He died at Padua in 1508; he died 5 days after Isaac Abarbanel and would be buried side-by-side with him.
In the Siege of Padua, soon after Minz's death almost all of his writings were destroyed. Joseph ben Abraham Minz, his grandson, discovered sixteen of his responsa, and these were published by Meïr Katzenellenbogen, who printed in the same volume his own responsa and the Seder Gittin wa-chalitzah of Abraham Minz. These responsa have been edited, and supplemented with an extended commentary and preface, by Johanan ben Moses Preschel. Judah's responsa, though scanty, afford interesting information on the history of his age and on Jewish customs in Padua.
Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography
* Fuenn, Keneset Yisrael, p. 412;
* Frankel, in Orient, Lit. vii. 520 et seq.;
* Heinrich Grätz, Gesch. 3d ed., viii. 253 et seq.;
* Michael, Or ha-Ḥayyim, No. 1020;
* Graziadio Nepi-Mordecai Ghirondi, Toledot Gedole Yisrael, pp. 122–124;
* Preschel, in the preface to his edition of Minz's responsa;
* Moritz Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 1344. | WIKI |
Antabuse: Uses, How to Take, Side Effects, Warnings
medication to stop drinking
medication to stop drinking
These medications are sedative, assist with anxiety, and can mute many of the worst withdrawal symptoms. The drawback is that they, too, are addictive, and need to be tapered off. However, they are among the most commonly used in rehab facilities to ease people off of alcohol. Baclofen, topiramate, and gabapentin are all off-label medications for alcohol use disorder that can make you less interested in alcohol. They can also control common drinking triggers, such as anxiety. People who have alcohol use disorder drink regularly and in large amounts.
The prevalence of AUD medications dispensed was expressed as a rate per 1000 eligible population and stratified by age and sex. SMART Recovery offers mutual support meetings for people seeking science-based, self-empowered addiction recovery. Women for Sobriety sober houses in boston is a nonprofit organization offering a self-help group program for women who want to overcome alcoholism and other addictions. It focuses on developing coping skills related to emotional and spiritual growth, self-esteem, and a healthy lifestyle.
• We used the Registered Persons Database to determine patient demographic information .
• Monument’s online alcohol treatment program includes multiple sources of support.
• Acamprosate is the most recent of three FDA approved medications for treating alcohol use disorder.
Their brain cells are accustomed to the almost-constant presence of alcohol, and those cells have become optimized to work best when alcohol is present. When there is no alcohol left to metabolize, those cells move into a disorganized pattern of activity, and that can lead to very serious symptoms. In therapy, you’ll discuss topics such as relationships, work, family, and stressful life events. You’ll also learn strategies to recognize and deal with situations that can trigger alcohol cravings. Historically the name dipsomania was coined by German physician C. The term alcoholism was first used in 1849 by the Swedish physician Magnus Huss to describe the systemic adverse effects of alcohol.
An up-to-date review of brain stimulation techniques for addiction treatment
If you’re drinking more than moderately, talk with your doctor about getting help to quit or cut back. “Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms published by the World Health Organization”. Peyote, a psychoactive agent, has even shown promise in treating alcoholism. Alcohol had actually replaced peyote as Native Americans’ psychoactive agent of choice in rituals when peyote was outlawed.
NBC News’ Kate Snow reports from a model bar inside a lab used to try and reduce study participants’ cravings. Disulfiram, unlike oral naltrexone, cannot be used while an individual is still drinking. If a person ingests alcohol of any sort, the drug will make them very sick. It makes the individual sick because it prevents alcohol from being fully metabolized, causing nausea, vomiting, headache, and flushing if alcohol is consumed. The average dose in each pill is 250 mg per day, but doses can range anywhere from 125 mg to 500 mg per day. “If we can reduce your intake 80 percent and reduce your heavy drinking days a lot, that’s also very positive,” he says.
Dry January Tips SNHU – Southern New Hampshire University
Dry January Tips SNHU.
Posted: Mon, 02 Jan 2023 08:00:00 GMT [source]
Naltrexone, which blocks endorphins and reduces the euphoria of intoxication, was approved in the United States for the treatment of alcohol dependence nearly 30 years ago. But it is typically prescribed for patients with more severe alcohol disorders to take daily to abstain from drinking. If your doctor decides that you don’t need to complete detox first, he or she may give you VIVITROL in a medical facility that can treat sudden opioid withdrawal. Sudden opioid withdrawal can be severe and may require hospitalization. Medicines or opioid street drugs, it is important that you tell your healthcare provider before starting VIVITROL to avoid having sudden opioid withdrawal symptoms when you start VIVITROL treatment.
What are other possible serious side effects of VIVITROL?
Acamprosate is the most recent of three FDA approved medications for treating alcohol use disorder. Also known by the brand name Campral, it is often used to help people maintain abstinence once they’ve stopped drinking. This medication blocks the “feel-good” response alcohol causes. Naltrexone may help reduce the urge to drink and prevent excessive alcohol consumption.
Scaling back alcohol use, however, can be difficult for many, including the more than 14 million U.S. adults with alcohol use disorder , which is defined as an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite its known consequences. A variety of factors can play into people’s drinking patterns, including genetics,depression, anxiety and stress. And stigma often keeps people who are affected by alcohol from seeking help, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism . The FDA lists the following possible side effects for medicines to treat alcohol dependence and alcohol use disorder.
Her clinical interests include underserved health care, chronic pain and integrated/alternative health. While some individuals are able to fully abstain from drinking with medications alone, we know that medications are most likely to be effective when combined with support groups and talk therapy and other forms of behavioral support. Naltrexone , acamprosate , disulfiram , and topiramate are all medications that could potentially help you stop drinking when used in conjunction with therapy. In addition to reducing daily drinking, naltrexone has been shown to reduce alcohol cravings as a measurable symptom . Rather than blocking the pleasurable effects of alcohol, acamprosate appears to work by restoring a chemical imbalance in your brain caused by chronic drinking.
Topiramate
Preparing and anticipating questions will help you make the most of your appointment time. Residential treatment programs typically include licensed alcohol and drug counselors, social workers, nurses, doctors, and others with expertise and experience in treating alcohol use disorder. Alcohol use disorder commonly occurs along with other mental health disorders. If you have depression, anxiety or another mental health condition, you may need talk therapy , medications or other treatment. Aftercare programs and support groups help people recovering from alcohol use disorder to stop drinking, manage relapses and cope with necessary lifestyle changes.
medication to stop drinking
These showed that when combined with psychosocial therapy, naltrexone could reduce alcohol cravingsand decrease relapse rates in alcoholics. Though not yet approved by the FDA for alcohol use disorder treatment, topiramate shows promise for reducing neurobehavioral responses to alcohol cues, which could ultimately reduce drinking and craving to support recovery. Additional research will help inform the populations for which the medication works best and the mechanisms by which it produces its benefits.
“Some people just aren’t ready. The idea of sobriety is just too big of a concept for them to wrap their head around.” A third drug is also available, but it does not work against alcohol cravings. Disulfiram, also known by the brand name Antabuse, makes people violently ill when they consume alcohol.
Other Medications for Substance Use Disorders
For one North Carolina woman eager to get sober, naltrexone provided that help. Dede, who wishes to remain anonymous, says she went to hundreds of AA meetings. She spent time in two different rehabilitation facilities, one of which cost her $30,000 out of pocket. Alcohol cravings are caused by psychological and physical factors that form triggers that tempt you to drink. Most commonly used to treat depression, St. John’s wort may also help curb the urge to drink.
Is there a pill that makes you sick if you drink alcohol?
Disulfiram is a medication that is used to treat alcohol use disorder. Disulfiram works by blocking the breakdown of alcohol in the body. This leads to buildup of a toxic alcohol-related compound that can cause people who drink alcohol while taking this medication to become very sick.
The researchers began a new set of studies on using disulfiram to treat alcohol dependence. To be included in the trial, all individuals needed at least an 8th-grade reading level, an IQ of 80 or greater, and no evidence of cognitive impairment. Thus, outcomes may not translate to individuals with polysubstance use and more clinically severe psychiatric presentations, or to those with greater cognitive impairment or injury. It is not uncommon for symptoms to trap people in a cycle of withdrawal. If you feel sick and terrified each time you try to quit, and you know that taking a sip of alcohol makes those symptoms go away, you might be very likely to run to the bottle each time you attempt sobriety and feel ill.
This class of drugs is commonly prescribed to alcoholics for insomnia or anxiety management. Initiating prescriptions of benzodiazepines or sedative-hypnotics in individuals in recovery has a high rate of relapse with one author reporting more than a quarter of people relapsed after being prescribed sedative-hypnotics. Those who are long-term users of benzodiazepines should not be withdrawn rapidly, as severe anxiety and panic may develop, which are known risk factors for alcohol use disorder relapse. Taper regimes of 6–12 months have been found to be the most successful, with reduced intensity of withdrawal.
What is the best thing to stop drinking?
• Put it in writing.
• Set a drinking goal.
• Keep a diary of your drinking.
• Don't keep alcohol in your house.
• Drink slowly.
• Choose alcohol-free days.
• Watch for peer pressure.
• Keep busy.
Medication for alcoholism can offer patients an advantage for their recovery, especially in a real-world setting.” Building on this progress, scientists continue to work on new medications and discover new ways to improve the effectiveness, accessibility, https://soberhome.net/ quality, and cost-effectiveness of treatment for people who have alcohol use disorders. Additional research is needed to replicate and extend these findings and determine the patient characteristics that influence medication response.
You’re likely to start by seeing your primary health care provider. If your provider suspects that you have a problem with alcohol, you may be referred to a mental health provider. Dr. Witkiewitz said that two months ago she was supervising a patient she thought would benefit from naltrexone. But she said that the patient’s primary care doctor mistakenly believed that prescribing the medication required additional training in addiction medicine and refused to write a prescription. If disulfiram or naltrexone are a part of your alcohol treatment program, you’ll be able to manage your prescription via our pharmacy partner that ships disulfiram or naltrexone pills directly to your home.
New Research Characterizes Alcohol Use Disorder Profiles To … – Science Blog
New Research Characterizes Alcohol Use Disorder Profiles To ….
Posted: Tue, 14 Feb 2023 08:00:00 GMT [source]
At baseline, participants reported an average of about 25 drinking days, 6 drinks on an average drinking day, and 19 heavy drinking days during the past month. Groups did not differ in demographics or recent drinking behaviors at baseline. According to Medline, Naltrexone is used along with counseling and social support to help people who have stopped drinking alcohol and using street drugs continue to avoid drinking or using drugs. Naltrexone should not be used to treat people who are still using street drugs or drinking large amounts of alcohol. Naltrexone is in a class of medications called opiate antagonists.
There are various medicines and treatment options available to help people stop drinking. You can speak to your doctor about the medication’s pros, cons, and availability. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. This material is provided for educational purposes only and eco sober house price is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex , Cerner Multum™ , ASHP and others. The medication, naltrexone, is already approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat alcohol use disorder as well as opioid use disorder, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, or SAMHSA.
What are the most common drugs for alcohol dependence?
Campral (acamprosate) is the most recent medication approved for the treatment of alcohol dependence or alcoholism in the U.S. It works by normalizing alcohol related changes in the brain, reducing some of the extended physical distress and emotional discomfort people can experience when they quit drinking (also known … | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Woodchurch, Merseyside
Catholic church
The modern church St. Michael and all Angels was opened in 1965 and is by Richard O'Mahoney. The church was under construction still through 1964/5 when I was at school next door .I left the school in 1965. The church was opened shortly after that but not while I was there. How it was founded in 1962 I fail to understand. Looking under listed buildings entries that agrees with my dates and the architect unlike this article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:20, 22 December 2018 (UTC)
* I've added text and references to reflect the founding of the parish, the commissioning of the church and the completion of the building. Both 1962 and 1965 are of relevance to the church's history, as is 1952. EP111 (talk) 10:11, 23 December 2018 (UTC) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Peer review/Gulfton, Houston/archive2
Gulfton, Houston
This peer review discussion has been closed. I've listed this article for peer review because I want to get this article to featured article status. Please consider the comments made in the last failed FA nomination here: Featured article candidates/Gulfton, Houston/archive2
* Previous peer review
Thanks, WhisperToMe (talk) 06:54, 3 November 2009 (UTC)
Ruhrfisch comments: I am glad to see this has improved considerably since I reviewed it before. I also want to applaud the editors working on this - it is clearly a labor of love and Wikipedia needs quality articles on neighborhoods too. Having read and thought a lot about the article, here are some suggestions for improvement. Hope this helps. If my comments are useful, please consider peer reviewing an article, especially one at Peer review/backlog (which is how I found this article). I do not watch peer reviews, so if you have questions or comments, please contact me on my talk page. Yours, Ruhrfisch ><> ° ° 22:06, 16 November 2009 (UTC)
* I read the second FAC comments and found them to be accurate as far as I can tell (not sure how much the article has been edited since the FAC closed). I have to confess that I am a bit confused by the direction to look at the FAC for reviewers. I usually tell editors to treat an unsuccessful FAC as a very thorough peer review and to address all the points in it, then ask the FAC reviewers if they could take a second look at the article. Anyway, I agree that the prose still needs work and that organization is still an issue, as is providing more context / background in places (and a bit less detail in others). Here goes with some specific suggestions.
* I looked at the WP:CITY suggested outline for US cities and see this follows it. I also looked at the one FA on a neighborhood / part of a city I could find (South Side (Chicago)) for ideas as a model article - it was promoted in 2007 and standards have tightened since, so it might not be the best model. Part of why I did this was because I found that I did not have a clear understanding reading the article about many aspects of Gulfton and I wondered if having a different article structure might help.
* My first idea is that the lead is supposed to be an introduction to the whole article and so I worry that the lead could do a better job of summarizing the article for the reader. At first I thought about adding a section called "Overview" between the lead and the History section, with bits on the location, the fact that this is part of Houston and not its own city, etc. The more I thought about that though, the more I thought that a revised lead and the beginning of History could probably address these issues.
* I think the History section could start a bit earlier in time chronologically - since Gulfton is part of Houston, I might start with that. Perhaps something like, "Although Gulfton was not developed until the mid-1950s, it is a part of Houston, which was founded in 1836 about X miles (y km) to the northeast of the current location of Gulfton." Other bits of history that could be added are the dates of establishment of Harris County and Bellaire, and the dates of construction for I-610 and the outer loop (since these are used as geographic locators). My guess is a bit on the whole growth of Houston outward / urban sprawl might be added too, then the current History section could start.
* First sentence of History is an example of how the prose still needs work: Before the 1950s, Gulfton consisted of greenfield land, and much of the area was part of a settlement called Westmoreland Farms.[3] The term greenfield is consistent with a farm (land that has never been built on, farm fields or natural) but calling it a settlement is just confusing (as a settlement is populated place like a village or town). How about a slight omission: Before the 1950s, Gulfton consisted of greenfield land, and much of the area was part of a settlement called Westmoreland Farms.[3]
* I read the article on the Shenandoah neighborhood (which is confusingly at Shenandoah, Houston, Texas, while this is just at Gulfton, Texas). This article does not make clear that Shenandoah is surrounded by Gulfton, but should.
* Who named the area Gulfton? Who built the network of streets in the "widely spaced grid road pattern" - were these from its farm days? Unincorporated Harris County or perhaps twonship roads? When did Houston annex the land?
* The History section focuses on the apartment complexes. Later we read about schools and when they opened In 1953, Cunningham Elementary School, the first elementary school to serve Gulfton, was built with a capacity for 300 students.[132][149] Braeburn Elementary School opened in 1956. Long Middle School, which as of 2008 serves Gulfton, opened in 1957.[132] I think that this would be better in the history section. It owuld also help to know if these schools are actually in Gulfton or if they are in nearby neghborhoos like Shenandoah.
* Back to the previous point on schools - watch needless repetition. So we get In 1953, Cunningham Elementary School, the first elementary school to serve Gulfton, was built with a capacity for 300 students.[132][149] then two sentences later a new paragraph starts In 1979, Cunningham Elementary School, which was built for 300 students in 1953, had 436 students. There is no need to repeat the original date and original capacity. Perhaps something like In 1979, Cunningham Elementary School had 436 students, or 145 percent of its original capacity.''
* The names of the school officials and constables seem like too much detail to me. Too much detail means more important things are lost in a sea of trivia. I do not doubt that these are fine people, but I am not sure they meet WP:NN (even the looser standard for inclusion in an article). Removing their names would also mean less future maintenance work on the article - no need to update the new constable's name.
* I agree that the maps are less than clear. I also wonder if an infobox could be added to put a map an image right at the top with the lead. I think a locator map more like File:Interstate 610 map (Texas).svg would be better - fewer details (need to label Bellaire and the outer loop, perhaps add the southern boundary road.
* The picture of the Krogers could be improved if it were of the left hand side with everything in SPanish and the colors matching the Mexican flag (red, green, white). Unless you click on the photo and study it, it looks like almost any supermarket anywhere in the US.
* I checked the tools and there is one dab link and several dead / problem external links which will need to be fixed.
* Also the article has no alt text for images but will need to have it for FAC - see WP:ALT
* This ref list some interesting things about businesses in Gulfton - for example the ADOC footwear has only store in the US (and many in Central America) but this is not in the article here.
* The word "costed" is not grammatical in In 2001 a partnership formed between Ed Farris of Farris & Associates and U.S. Builders began construction on the Plaza de Americas, a 30,000 square feet (2,800 m2) shopping center adjacent to the Kroger in Gulfton; the project, which was scheduled to attract retailers attracting Hispanic clients, costed $4 million.
* Public libraries section is only 3 sentences - could it be combined with another section? Perhaps "Community colleges and libraries"?
* The Education section seems especially bloated to me - are all the street addresses necessary here (and in the rest of the article)? | WIKI |
Yemen Between Ending the Conflict and a Warrior's Break | HuffPost
The coming week is poised to see significant shifts in the Yemeni, Libya, and Syrian issues midwifed by the three UN envoys in charge of searching for political solutions to these conflicts, in which many local, regional, and international factors overlap and interact. In Syria, with the approach of the real plan, the Western countries, particularly the US and Britain, seem to be caving in to the fait accompli represented in the insistence of Russia and Iran on Bashar al-Assad fighting the presidential battle to the end, because, in his view, he is part of the political process until it ends in 18 months with presidential elections. In Libya, resolve is making its way to conciliatory international attitudes regarding the centrality of controlling the capital Tripoli and the centrality of having an official request made by the national accord government that would enable the US, Britain, France, and Italy to create an alliance against ISIS and al-Qaeda there, similar to the coalition working with the Iraqi government at present. In Yemen, the recent Saudi engagement with the Houthi rebels is coinciding with notable changes in the government announced last week, with both military and diplomatic implications. They also coincide with an international understanding of the new military and political facts on the ground, on the basis of which the peace process is being pushed forward. Yemeni President Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi took a surprising decision to sack his deputy and prime minister Khaled Bahah from both posts, appointing General Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar vice president and Ahmed Obeid ibn Dagher as prime minister. Appointing Ahmar raised questions about the intentions of Saudi Arabia, particularly since he has a history of brutality and bloodiness. The sacking of Bahah also caused tension between Saudi Arabia and the UAE, and Ahmar's appointment also caused anger as the man is seen as a Muslim Brotherhood affiliate.Sources familiar with Saudi thinking downplayed the concerns that Ahmar could become president of Yemen, even if Hadi dies, given his difficult history and the implication for the secession of South Yemen. What about his affiliation to the Muslim Brotherhood? The sources say that some in Riyadh see him as part of the Muslim Brotherhood, but a lighter shade thereof. Ahmar, the sources said, is not ideological, and is cut of the same cloth as former president Ali Abdullah Saleh. Therefore, he should be seen as the military counterpart of Saleh, and this is the main reason he was appointed, in addition to the fact that Hadi is convinced Ahmar's presence along his side guarantees he would remain in office. The advantages Ahmar brings with him to those who support him in the kingdom is that he has formidable military and tribal assets. Therefore, he has the ability to accommodate a large segments of northern tribes, and to rally and boost the morale of the Yemeni army, as well as win over part of the army forces that defected in favour of Ali Abdullah Saleh. Other informed sources said the Saudi support for the pro-Riyadh Yemeni president's moves is a message to the Houthis and the supporters of Saleh: Either engage in lasting peace, or continue the fierce war this time with Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar at the helm. These sources quoted what the Saudi side told UN envoy Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed to communicate to the Houthis: Do not misread or miscalculate, and come to mistakenly believe the kingdom is fatigued and would not be able to continue the war. What is at stake is its strategic interests for which no price is too high. We want peace with you, but not from a position of weakness or intimidation. In the opinion of some, it is what happened on the ground in the Yemeni war that has prompted the Houthis to reconsider and seek peace with the Saudis. A source put it this way: The Houthis were born and have grown old in the space of a single year. They concluded that Iranian assistance under the table would not be sufficient to fight a ferocious war, and that Iranian support would not be enough to cover the burden of the war in Yemen, which is why they decided to distance themselves to an extent from Tehran. The Houthis agreed to engage with Saudi Arabia, despite the fact that their request for them to be recognized as an equal to the legitimate government of Hadi was rejected. The Houthis found an opportunity through the UN envoy to discuss a settlement based on resolution 2216, which is backed by the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, led by Russia and the US. They understood that these countries accepted Saudi Arabia's insistence on its own arrangements at its southern border and its desire to reach a political settlement after eliminating the threat at the border. Now there is a different dynamic after the gains on the ground. Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed will build on this dynamic, after the ceasefire, which starts on April 10, is consolidated, at the negotiations scheduled for April 18 in Kuwait. Ould Cheikh will seek support from the UN Security Council for the five axes he declared and which he wants to implement through five teams working in parallel: Withdrawals; handing over weapons to the state; temporary security arrangements; resumption of the political process; and mutual release of detainees. These breakthroughs may amount to a quantum leap towards ending the conflict in Yemen, but it could be merely a warrior's break before resuming the fighting even more ferociously. It depends on several unpredictable considerations, especially since the pace of the war has become part and parcel of the pace of negotiations. To be sure, the Ali Abdullah Saleh factor remains a key part of the equation, even if some are now claiming he is marginal and others are saying he would not be able to get any deal after the Houthis abandoned him. Some believe Saleh has become an obstacle to the political process, and that there can be no safe exit for him because the conditions for that are impossible. Indeed, his funds and assets he wants to remove from Yemen makes his exit difficult. Perhaps it is the fatigue factor that will allow Yemen to end its many wars, and the same could apply to Libya's bloody conflict, where now there seems to be finally a willingness to stop the bleeding. The head of the UN-backed Libyan national accord government Fayez Sarraj arrived in Libya with international support, with the UN pledging to continue to support the government to impose its authority in the capital. The Secretary-General's envoy Martin Kobler made a first visit to Tripoli, as a number of countries said their ambassadors would be returning to the Libyan capital. In other words, there is a bare minimum level of security guaranteed in Tripoli, in what could indicate the militias that controlled the city have endorsed the national accord government. This government has received economic and political support as well, as municipalities, the central bank, the national oil company, and the Libyan investment authority all endorsed it. The Western governments, with Russian support, want the Sarraj government to be stable in order for this to lead to address two main threats: the expansion of ISIS in the Libyan interior and into Africa and Europe; and illegal migration via Libya's shores to Europe. What the West wants is for the Libyan government to authorize a Western intervention in Libya against terrorism and illegal migration. The first challenge is to consolidate security control over the capital and the country. This requires equipping the army and the police. Indeed, current capabilities make the talk about the government tackling the likes of ISIS out of the question, as the UN Security Council continues to implement an arms embargo on the Libyan government. For this reason, there are agreements being sought to pass exceptional resolutions that would sanctions arms deals with fast approval.The primary beneficiary of any arms deal would be Russia. The Libyan air force's equipment is primarily Russian and Eastern European. Meanwhile, Britain and Italy could take the lead on restricting the army and police. What Libya needs is not just mobilizing its army and police to fight against ISIS and similar groups. Help must also be extended to the government to get rid of militias and merge them into the national institutions, in addition to allowing the army and police to procure the right weaponry.The national accord government will not be able to work as long as the militias refuse to hand over their weapons and be assimilated. The government will not function unless experienced political and administrative cadres are brought in. There is now an opportunity, provided that local, regional, and international decisions are combined to effect radical changes and launch a serious effort for institution-building in Libya. Stopping the bleeding may be the result of fatigue, but reconstruction needs more than tactical measures. The Syrian issue needs more than one last paragraph. What is certain, however, is that the moment of truth is now challenging all sides to be honest with themselves and with others, but this is still elusive amid the quest for deals and amid wishful thinking. The main obstacle is the fate of Bashar al-Assad, and this is the key to a breakthrough in the transitional political process in Syria, which is supposed to culminate with presidential elections 18 months after the start of negotiations. The onus of proving good intentions falls primarily on the duo Kerry and Lavrov, not Bashar al-Assad. Assad is clear in that he intends to fight the presidential battle even if atop the ruins of Syria. But others, especially the sponsors of the presumed political solution, are still hiding behind their fingers and dodging the issue. Translated from Arabic by Karim Traboulsi. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Jordanjd87/sandbox
is…
Personal life
Dr. Jeremy Jordan was born in Mobile, AL. He attended St. Paul's Episcopal School and graduated in 2006 with honors. | WIKI |
Talk:Table of years in art
prehistoric years
While stub-sorting I've found various articles like 80,000 BC in art which need some attention - not a "year" article, doesn't say what period it purports to cover, etc. It's not clear what hierarchy of articles there ought to be for the early periods of art. These are linked in the page List_of_years_in_art and in the category Category:Years in art, and Table_of_years_in_art is a bit vague about them. Someone more expert in art history, or in the handling of "years" in WP, might like to tidy them up! I'll post this message at a couple of other relevant pages in the hope of finding an appropriate enthusiast to take them on. PamD (talk) 07:38, 24 July 2010 (UTC)
Rashid
03058758690 <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:37, 21 February 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
User:Lovelycutie77
Im so intrested in reading sometimes
http://www.google.com/#hl=en&sugexp=ldymls&xhr=t&q=reading+images&cp=12&pf=p&sclient=psy&rlz=1R2ACAW_enUS407&aq=0&aqi=&aql=&oq=reading+imag&pbx=1&fp=eaad475edda40f28 (Thats the photo. you could look it up.I might just do the website because I don't THINK it will show the picture.It might be too big.type this writing on Google.)(The website I gave you is up here to see the picture.)(You can just click on that blue thing.)
Somtimes writing
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FsAvWjAq4eU/TP57U2SCm6I/AAAAAAAAAZM/09uIDC26luU/s1600/writing.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ugaadmissions.blogspot.com/2010_12_01_archive.html&h=300&w=450&sz=27&tbnid=etJN2OTkgm5QgM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3DWriting%2Bimages&zoom=1&q=Writing+images&hl=en&usg=__IAzjt159DTMSdAbcf_Y35CCFwts=&sa=X&ei=2T1sTYz-C9SjtgeyqN3mAg&sqi=2&ved=0CCcQ9QEwA( I think THATS the photo.so yep.You might wanna type the website first.)
I don't really like math THAT much but...I kinda like it.a little...
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.watermelon.org/images/math.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.watermelon.org/educators-lessons-math.asp&h=383&w=300&sz=23&tbnid=cnhMEKy4UXLCoM:&tbnh=254&tbnw=199&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmath%2BImages&zoom=1&q=math+Images&hl=en&usg=__Rm7-S9XTrLNTkBWD3V9X62MfV4o=&sa=X&ei=tD5sTf6tAsqEtgef59jmAg&sqi=2&ved=0CBcQ9QEwAQ(And write this one too because you have to see the photo. Thanks for reading thi all about whats I like
About me:
My character traits are Smart and Sometimes Honest and....I don't remember the rest but that is my character traits. How I always feel is I always have a attitude....and always get mad and uh....jealous and happy and sad a little and.....yeah that's How I feel. My favorite food is anything I eat. My favorite sport is uh...I don't know probaly uh....Cherrleading??? I guess.......
Where do I live?
I live in Minniesota.I live in St.Paul
That's everything.
Bye! thanks for talking with me.
- Lovelycutie77 | WIKI |
Irving leads Celtics past Pacers
Irving leads Celtics past Pacers INDIANAPOLIS— Even in the wake of the fourth-best win streak in the history of the Boston Celtics franchise, Kyrie Irving knows the team is still growing. Irving scored 25 points to go with six assists and four rebounds as the Boston Celtics defeated the Indiana Pacers 108-98 Saturday night, snapping the Pacers’ five-game win streak. Boston has now won back-to-back games after a 104-98 loss Wednesday night snapped a 16-game winning streak. The Celtics trailed the whole way until late in the third quarter, when it began to mount a comeback. A timeout following back-to-back empty possessions was the turning point in the game for the Celtics, who responded with consecutive baskets. “It’s all part of the game,” Irving said of the timeout, during which Boston players were visibly frustrated with one another. “It’s interesting to see how people respond to those types of situations. When you have a developing group like we have, where we’re all getting to know one another and we’re able to say things that strictly apply to the game, it’s not anything personal, but we understand that things need to be done for us to be better as a team.” Terry Rozier finished with 17 points after dropping a career-high 23 on Orlando in a 118-103 win Friday night. Rozier, who was among those animated in the Boston huddle during the third-quarter timeout, was glad the timeout occurred when it did. “We had a little bit of adversity,” Rozier said. “Everybody was kind of getting on one another; but we never took it too far. It was something that we needed.” Al Horford had 21 points — including 12 in the third quarter — and six assists and five rebounds, and made 3 of 4 attempts from 3-point range. Boston (18-3) maintained its NBA-best record and shot better than 50 percent from the field for the first time all season, overcoming a poor first half to shoot 56.3 percent. “We were fortunate to pull it out because we weren’t great in the first two and a half quarters,” Boston coach Brad Stevens said. “Some shots went our way which was good, Al went on his run...to our guys’ credit, they kind of stuck with it and pulled together.” Myles Turner led the Pacers with 19 points and six rebounds, but was limited defensively for much of the second half because of foul trouble. Indiana (11-9) entered the game shooting an NBA-best 40.5 percent from 3-point range, and looked as if it would continue that rhythm, shooting 50 percent from beyond the arc in the first half while the Celtics connected on only 4 of 15 from deep. A spinning hook from Domantas Sabonis gave Indiana a 42-29 lead with 7:48 remaining in the second quarter, its largest lead of the night. Sabonis finished with 17 points and eight rebounds. The Pacers led 54-45 at halftime and never trailed in the first half, thanks in part to a 12-point first quarter from Lance Stephenson, who started in place of Victor Oladipo. Oladipo is averaging a team-best 22.8 points per game, but injured his knee in Friday’s 107-104 win over the Toronto Raptors. Stephenson finished with 16 points and eight rebounds. “We knew that this was how (Boston) has been playing the last couple of games,” Indiana coach Nate McMillan said. “We knew the team and Kyrie in that second half were going to get aggressive and they did just that.” Boston opened the second half on a 7-2 run, and steadily gained momentum as Indiana cycled through substitutions due to foul trouble. The Celtics took a 63-62 lead, their first of the night, with five minutes remaining in the third quarter following a 3-pointer from Rozier. Back-to-back buckets from Horford and Rozier extended Boston’s lead to 72-66, forcing McMillan to call timeout. “We just tried to be active with our hands and just tried to be everywhere, just like we usually are,” Rozier said. “We’re a defensive team. We went away from that in the first half, but we got back to it in the second half, and made them work.” Boston locked down defensively in the second half, outscoring Indiana 37-16 in the third quarter and ending on a 19-4 run. The Pacers shot 6 of 18 in the third quarter, including 0 of 6 from 3-point range. “It helps when you don’t have to take the ball out every possession and come down and set up your offense,” Irving said. “A couple steals here and there, a couple long rebounds that we got in transition, and just everybody staying together.” Marcus Smart finished with 15 points, six rebounds and five assists for the Celtics, shooting 7 of 8 from the field, and Jayson Tatum added 11 points. NOTES: Indiana C Myles Turner has recorded at least one block in every game this season, and is currently tied for fifth in the NBA in blocks. ... The Pacers play games on back-to-back nights on 14 occasions this season. Only three NBA teams will play fewer back-to-back games. ... Indiana F Domontas Sabonis was shooting a team-best 56.6 percent from the field this season entering the game, which ranked 11th in the NBA. He was 5 for 13 on Saturday. ... Boston F Marcus Morris did not play Saturday due to a sore knee. ... Boston G/F Jaylen Brown also sat out Saturday for undisclosed personal reasons. ... This was Horford’s third game of the season with 20 or more points. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Given that the vegan diet excludes all animal products, it’s low in certain nutrients for pregnant women. Lack to proper supplementation for the following nutrients may have a negative impact on both your and your baby’s health. Preeclampsia (high blood pressure) and gestational diabetes are two pregnancy problems that may be avoided with a vegan diet rich in fruits and vegetables. A vegan diet includes essential pregnancy nutrients that lower your baby’s risk of developing conditions like diabetes, eczema, asthma, and even some types of cancer.
BENEFITS OF VEGAN DIET DURING PREGNANCY
A vegan diet containing essential pregnancy nutrients can help you and your unborn child in the following ways:
• Reduced risk of Preeclampsia – A nutritious vegan diet may prevent preeclampsia from occurring.
• Lower the chances of gestational diabetes: Vegan diets low in saturated fat and high in fibre from whole grains, fruits, and vegetables may lower the risk of excessive weight gain and gestational diabetes.
• Preventing neural tube abnormalities: Pregnant women who consume a lot of nitrates are more likely to get neural tube abnormalities, which are birth malformations of the brain, spine, or spinal cord.
Trimacare Best Prenatal Tablets for Pregnant Women with Vitamin K
ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS REQUIRED FOR VEGAN DIET DURING PREGNANCY
Pregnant women should follow a nutritious vegan diet. If not, it probably won’t have all the necessary pregnancy nutrients. nutrients including folate, protein, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, DHA, and iron in vegan diets enhances the chance that your baby will be born underweight or with birth abnormalities.
Folic acid – Spina bifida and other birth abnormalities involving the brain and spine are prevented by folate. Thus, vegan pregnant women consume more folate. You can opt for Folic acid tablets for pregnancy to fulfil folic acid demand during pregnancy. One of the primary reasons folic acid tablets for pregnancy are highly recommended during pregnancy is its ability to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs) in infants. Folic acid tablets for pregnancy are also essential for the production of red blood cells.
Vitamin B12 – Lack of Vitamin B12 may increase your chances of miscarriage, gestational diabetes, premature birth, and abnormalities. For vegans, vitamin B12 pregnancy supplementation is very crucial.
Vitamin D- Despite eating a healthy diet, many pregnant women have low vitamin D levels. Preeclampsia, low birth weight, and miscarriage risk are all increased by deficiency of Vitamin D is easily obtained from pregnancy supplementation.
Iron- Non-heme iron from plant meals is not absorbed as well as heme iron from animal sources. Iron deficiency increases your chances of iron deficiency and its associated consequences, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. Beans, dark green vegetables, dried fruits, nuts, and seeds are a few examples of foods that are plant-based sources of iron. Also, an iron tablet for pregnancy is essential for sufficient intake of iron during pregnancy. Iron tablets for pregnancy are crucial for the healthy development of the baby. To meet the increased iron requirements during pregnancy, healthcare providers often recommend iron tablets for pregnancy.
Iodine- Vegan diets that don’t include seaweed, iodized salt, or iodine prenatal pills may be deficient in iodine. Poor iodine intakes can impair thyroid and mental health and cause poor newborn growth.
Calcium- The risk of preeclampsia, fractures, and bone disease for the mother can rise if she doesn’t get enough calcium throughout pregnancy.
Omega-3 fats / DHA- People on vegan diets tend to have low blood levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) — two omega-3s important for your baby’s eyes, brain, and nervous system. For a healthy pregnancy and birth, omega-3 fatty acids are essential. Omega-3s are abundant in flaxseed, flaxseed oil, hempseed, hempseed oil, leafy green vegetables, and walnuts.
Protein- Lack of protein intake may impede your baby’s growth and development. Vegan diets are high in protein, but because it’s harder to digest, your daily protein requirements go up by roughly 10%. During the second and third trimesters, pregnant women require about 70 grammes of protein each day. Beans, tofu, whole grains, and vegetables are examples of plant foods high in protein.
Zinc- Most pregnant women don’t receive enough zinc, which can lead to low birth weight, labour that lasts too long, and preterm birth. Zinc derived from plants is more difficult to absorb, increasing daily requirements for vegan women by 50%. Thus , a prenatal multivitamin containing zinc is must during pregnancy.
TIPS FOR HEALTHY PREGNANCY WITH VEGAN DIET
To ensure that your vegan diet is nutritious and will satisfy your pregnancy nutrients demands while you are pregnant, follow some tips:
• Avoid consuming more processed food. Add a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to your diet.
• Vitamin D cannot be obtained by diet; therefore, you need a prenatal tablet for Vitamin D. Nut, palm, and palm kernel oils, fruits, and whole grains are all examples of healthy foods.
• Since Vitamin B-12 is predominantly obtained from animal sources, you will need a pregnancy supplement on a regular basis.
WHY TRIMACARE PREGNANCY SUPPLEMENT IS THE FIRST CHOICE FOR THE PREGNANT WOMEN WITH VEGAN DIET
Trimacare Prenatal Vitamins were developed with Indian women’s dietary preferences in mind, and unlike some other pregnant multivitamins, do not contain animal ingredients. Trimacare Prenatal Vitamins are designed with the recommended daily allowances (RDAs) of nutrients for Indian mothers in mind. These vegetarian prenatal vitamin pills offer a greater absorption rate, superior sodium formulations, and are pleasant on the stomach. Folate, Omega 3s, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Iodine, Vitamin D, Iron, Vitamin C, Zinc, Vitamin K, Calcium, and Magnesium are all contained in one pill, making 20 Plus Nutrients the only prenatal supplement you’ll ever need. Since the Omega 3 in Trimacare is sourced from deep-sea algae, even vegans can consume it. Trimacare multivitamin’s exclusive trimester-based formula guarantees that you receive all the nutrients required for that trimester.
A vegan pregnancy can be a healthy and successful journey with careful attention to essential nutrients. By incorporating a variety of plant-based foods and considering pregnancy supplementation, when necessary, expectant vegan mothers can nurture both their own well-being and the healthy development of their precious baby.
Frequently Asked Questions:
1. What are some important nutrients for vegan pregnant women?
Iron, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B12, omega-3 fatty acids, protein, folate, and iodine are all important nutrients for pregnant vegans.
2. How can vegan pregnant women ensure they get enough iron?
Iron-rich foods like lentils, beans, tofu, fortified cereals, spinach, and dried fruit can be eaten by vegan pregnant women. Matching these food varieties with L-ascorbic acid rich sources like citrus natural products or peppers can improve iron assimilation.
3. What sources of calcium are suitable for vegan pregnant women?
Fortified plant-based milk, calcium-set tofu, fortified orange juice, almonds, tahini, and leafy greens like kale and collard greens are all vegan sources of calcium for pregnant women.
4. How can vegan pregnant women obtain enough vitamin B12?
Vitamin B12 can be found in fortified foods like nutritional yeast, fortified plant-based milk, fortified cereals, and vitamin B12 supplements that are suggested by a medical professional for pregnant vegans.
5. What are some vegan sources of omega-3 fatty acids for pregnant women?
Vegetarian wellsprings of omega-3 unsaturated fats for pregnant ladies incorporate flaxseeds, chia seeds, pecans, hemp seeds, green growth oil, and green growth supplements explicitly intended for omega-3 admission. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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