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Edward Whelan (Canadian politician)
Edward Whelan (1824 – December 10, 1867) was one of Prince Edward Island's delegates to the Québec Conference and one of the Fathers of the Canadian Confederation. Whelan was also a journalist, orator and advocate for responsible government.
Early years
Edward Whelan was born in 1824 in Ballina, County Mayo, in Ireland. At seven years old, he and his family moved to Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1831. Growing up in Halifax, he was greatly influenced by Joseph Howe, where he worked as a printing apprentice, as well as Father Richard Baptist O'Brien, a dynamic Irish priest who was a gifted orator as well as Whelan's teacher at St. Mary's School in Halifax. These two influences led Whelan to abandon his studies at the age of 18 to take up a position as editor of The Register, an Irish-Catholic, Liberal newspaper.
Journalism career
Edward Whelan was a Canadian journalist who worked for a newspaper known as The Register whose target audience was Irish Roman Catholics.
Political career
In August 1846, Whelan was elected as an assemblyman for St. Peters in Kings County. He remained an assemblyman until the last year of his life but had sporadic attendance. Critics of Whelan point out that his political voice lacked the passion and genius that was apparent in his printed work.
In the fall of 1846, Whelan sought to embark on yet another newspaper venture, namely the Examiner. This publication nearly failed, but he managed to keep it going.
Whelan then devoted much of 1850 to speak at meetings regarding the concept of responsible government. This led to Whelan's rise in stature and in April 1851, Whelan was named to the Executive Council and also appointed the Queen's Printer.
Within this new government role, Whelan spent much of his time defending the major Liberal reforms regarding the Free Education Act, extension of the franchise, and the Land Purchase Act. These Liberal reforms were not without controversy, and Whelan took the brunt of the criticism.
Confederation
In 1864, the union of the British North American colonies was the topic of the day. Though the Liberals were against confederation, Whelan supported confederation as he saw it as an opportunity for PEI to gain more control of its own affairs. Whelan was chosen to be one of the delegates to the Quebec Conference. Attending this conference made Whelan an even stronger proponent. Despite his advocacy, few politicians and residents were persuaded and Whelan became disillusioned.
End of political career
Whelan's stance on Confederation as well as other issues, led him to become isolated within the Liberal party. In the election of 1867, Whelan was defeated for the first time in 21 years. There is no single cause for his defeat. He had lost support from his traditional supporters by denouncing the Tenant League and Fenianism. Moreover, his support of Confederation was unpopular with the people of PEI. On all three of these issues, his opponent, Edward Reilly, had the edge.
However, Whelan believed that the defeat came from the disapproval of the newly appointed cleric of St. Peters, Father William Phelan, a supporter of Reilly. Whelan felt that the clergy had unduly influenced the election.
Whelan felt very bitter about this defeat and by the autumn of 1867 his health slowly got worse. Whelan died on December 10, 1867. | WIKI |
How to use RoutingConfig with FDB operator
HI,
In the operator spec, I see there is a RoutingConfig section. I am just wondering how that work.
I don’t see much documentation/example on it, could someone share info on how that suppose to work?
Thanks,
RoutingConfig has options for a few different things that affect the routing and connectivity to the FDB processes, so the examples would depend on what problem you’re trying to solve. It has options for creating per-pod services to provide public IPs, which we have a brief discussion of in the user manual. It also has an option for selecting an IP with a specific IP family, which could use more documentation, and for configuring headless services, which is going to be expanded in the future as part of the work on supporting DNS names for coordinators.
I am interested in the service mode: spec.routing.publicIPSource=service
From the doc, it says the service will be created for me. The service will create both an internal and external ip and the pod will take up the internal IP in the service created, is that assumption correct?
And when a client try to connect to the cluster, the cluster will return the externalIP to the client for the controller or storage pod, would that be the case?
One more question, the podIPFamily in the RoutingConfig section, that’s not implemented yet, right?
The service will be created with the ClusterIP type, and the cluster IP assigned to the service will be annotated on the pod as the public IP. I believe that with this service type it won’t get an external IP at all. The fdbserver process will bind to the pod’s normal IP and listen on that address, but will advertise itself as using the service’s cluster IP.
We currently don’t apply the IP family field to the service.
We have some open issues that may be interesting for your use case. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN
A guide to uninstall Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN from your system
You can find on this page detailed information on how to remove Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN for Windows. The Windows release was created by Microsoft Corporation. More information about Microsoft Corporation can be read here. Usually the Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN application is to be found in the C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0 folder, depending on the user's option during install. The full uninstall command line for Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN is C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN\install.exe. The program's main executable file has a size of 139.00 KB (142336 bytes) on disk and is named rdbgwiz.exe.
Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN is composed of the following executables which take 8.17 MB (8563720 bytes) on disk:
• rdbgwiz.exe (139.00 KB)
• vsdiag_regwcf.exe (37.01 KB)
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• msvsmon.exe (4.26 MB)
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The current web page applies to Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN version 9.0 only.
A way to uninstall Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN from your computer using Advanced Uninstaller PRO
Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN is a program offered by Microsoft Corporation. Frequently, computer users try to remove this application. Sometimes this is efortful because performing this by hand takes some advanced knowledge regarding removing Windows programs manually. One of the best EASY manner to remove Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN is to use Advanced Uninstaller PRO. Here is how to do this:
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6. Scroll the list of applications until you find Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN or simply activate the Search feature and type in "Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN". The Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN app will be found automatically. Notice that when you click Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN in the list of programs, the following information about the program is available to you:
• Safety rating (in the lower left corner). This tells you the opinion other people have about Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN, ranging from "Highly recommended" to "Very dangerous".
• Reviews by other people - Click on the Read reviews button.
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7. Click the Uninstall button. A confirmation dialog will appear. Confirm the removal by pressing the Uninstall button. Advanced Uninstaller PRO will uninstall Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN.
Uninstall Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN
8. After uninstalling Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN, Advanced Uninstaller PRO will ask you to run a cleanup. Click Next to start the cleanup. All the items of Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN which have been left behind will be found and you will be able to delete them. By removing Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN using Advanced Uninstaller PRO, you can be sure that no registry items, files or directories are left behind on your PC.
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Geographical user distribution
• Windows 7 (6.1)
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Software Application
Disclaimer
The text above is not a piece of advice to uninstall Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN by Microsoft Corporation from your computer, nor are we saying that Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN by Microsoft Corporation is not a good application for your PC. This text only contains detailed instructions on how to uninstall Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Remote Debugger - ESN supposing you want to. Here you can find registry and disk entries that other software left behind and Advanced Uninstaller PRO discovered and classified as "leftovers" on other users' computers.
2016-06-24 / Written by Andreea Kartman for Advanced Uninstaller PRO
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Last update on: 2016-06-24 17:38:43.220 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:ClueBot III/Detailed Indices/User talk:Roberticus/Archivef2016Thu, 07 Jul 2016 09:53:27 +000007am31= 1 | WIKI |
Dr. Emsley A. DAVIS, Plaintiff-Appellee Cross-Appellant, v. WEST COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, Dr. Robert W. Shirey, and Dr. William G. Manax, Defendants-Appellants Cross-Appellees, and Harvey Kelly, B.J. Neely and Sue Pescaia, Defendants Cross-Appellees.
No. 83-1536.
United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.
March 21, 1985.
Rehearings Denied April 19, 1985.
R. Brent Cooper, Michael W. Huddleston, Dallas, Tex., for Manax.
W.V. Dunnam, Jr., Waco, Tex., for West Comm. Hosp.
Bailey & Williams, Kevin J. Keith, Dallas, Tex., for Shirey.
LaNelle L. McNamara, Waco, Tex., for Davis.
Joe Milner, Peter R. Meeker, Austin, Tex., for Neely, Kelly and Pescaia.
Before RUBIN, TATE, and HILL, Circuit Judges.
ROBERT MADDEN HILL, Circuit Judge:
This is an appeal and cross-appeal on an action initiated by Dr. Emsley A. Davis against West Community Hospital, the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the hospital (Harvey Kelly), the Administrator of the hospital (B.J. Neely), the Chief of Staff (Dr. Robert W. Shirey), the Chief of Surgery (Dr. William G. Manax) and other persons not involved in this appeal after the permanent suspension of Dr. Davis’ staff privileges at the hospital. The action was brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and alleged a deprivation of Dr. Davis’ constitutional rights; the complaint also asserted pendent state law claims for libel and tortious interference with business relationships of Dr. Davis. On this appeal the defendants contest the district court’s judgment for Dr. Davis following a jury trial on claims for violation of his first amendment rights and procedural due process rights and for libel. Dr. Davis contests the judgment for the defendants on his claim for tortious interference with business relationships and for the violation of his equal protection rights. Further issues on appeal are the appropriateness of joint and several liability of the defendants, the immunity of the hospital, and the proper amount of attorneys’ fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988.
On this appeal we hold as follows. The judgment for Dr. Davis for actual damages in the amount of $10,000 and reinstatement of staff privileges for the violation of procedural due process is affirmed; the judgment for the defendants on the claim of tortious interference with business relationships is also affirmed. The judgment for Dr. Davis on the first amendment claim is reversed as a matter of law based on our ruling that Dr. Davis’ letters to the hospital were not protected speech; the judgment for Dr. Davis on the libel claim is reversed based on our interpretation of the jury’s inconsistent answers to interrogatories such that the finding of the truth of the libel provided a complete defense as a matter of law. We reverse the judgment for the defendants on the equal protection claim on the ground that the jury’s finding of constitutional violation even without a finding of actual damages entitled Dr. Davis to nominal damages of $1 and remand for entry of judgment for Dr. Davis in that amount.
As to the apportionment of damages among the defendants, we conclude that the district court erred in finding Drs. Ma-nax and Shirey and the hospital jointly and severally liable. We reverse the award of punitive damages against the hospital as a municipal entity under the rule expressed in City of Newport v. Facts Concerts, Inc., 453 U.S. 247, 271, 101 S.Ct. 2748, 2762, 69 L.Ed.2d 616 (1981). On the procedural due process claim, we remand for the entry of judgment against the hospital for actual damages in the amount of $10,000. On the equal protection claim, we remand for the entry of judgment jointly and severally against Drs. Manax and Shirey and chairman Kelly and administrator Neely for nominal damages in the amount of $1.
Finally, we vacate the award of attorneys’ fees and remand for a reconsideration by the district court of the amount of attorneys’ fees to be awarded to Dr. Davis under 42 U.S.C. § 1988 and the rule of Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 103 S.Ct. 1933, 76 L.Ed.2d 40 (1983), concerning partially prevailing plaintiffs.
I. BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Dr. Emsley A. Davis is a general surgeon who had staff privileges at the West Community Hospital in West, Texas. In 1981, Dr. Davis wrote several letters to hospital supervisors concerning disputes with other hospital personnel, alleged ineffective patient treatment by Dr. Manax, complaints against activities of hospital board members and more trivial matters such as the administrator Neely giving Dr. Manax the parking space Dr. Davis had been using. At approximately the same time, Dr. Davis’ patient records were under investigation.
On June 22, 1981, a letter from Dr. Ma-nax as Chief of Surgery and Dr. Shirey as Chief of Staff to Dr. Davis was read at a staff meeting. This letter summarily suspended Dr. Davis’ staff privileges. The letter summarized the records of 18 of Dr. Davis’ patients who had died or developed serious complications after surgery. It also referred to Dr. Davis’ correspondence with hospital officials as follows:
Slanderous and untrue statements directed formally against physicians and executives of this hospital, such statements being in grievous error; virtual threats in your recent letters as to what course you will pursue if. your demands and requests are not carried out.
Four days later Dr. Davis’ staff privileges were reinstated by the hospital. Thereafter, numerous meetings were held by the Executive Committee and the Board of Directors of the hospital to discuss Dr. Davis’ permanent suspension. A team of outside surgeons gave a negative evaluation of the 18 patient records described in the June 22 summary suspension letter as compared to selected records of other surgeons at the hospital. Dr. Davis presented evidence to a specially appointed four member hearing panel composed of Dr. Teresa Manax (the wife of Dr. Manax) and three laypersons and to a Joint Conference Committee of the Board of Directors. Finally, in January 1982, the Board of Directors permanently suspended Dr. Davis’ staff privileges at the hospital.
Dr. Davis then filed his lawsuit against the hospital and various members of its staff. A jury answered special interrogatories in Dr. Davis’ favor on the following claims: (1) first amendment violation; (2) equal protection violation; (3) procedural due process violation; (4) substantive due process violation; (5) libel; and (6) tortious interference with business relationships. The jury awarded actual and punitive damages on all claims with the following exceptions: no actual or punitive damages for the violation of equal protection, and only punitive damages for the violation of substantive due process.
The district court entered judgment notwithstanding the verdict as follows: it disallowed the claim for tortious interference with business relationships finding no evidence of the element of malice and no evidence of actual damage (since Dr. Davis’ income increased in the year of his summary suspension); and it set aside the award of punitive damages for the violation of substantive due process, reasoning that without actual damages, evidence of either aggravating circumstances or malicious intent was necessary but not present. The court also entered judgment for $60,000 in damages against the defendants Drs. Ma-nax and Shirey and West Community Hospital jointly and severally. The award comprised $10,000 actual and $10,000 punitive damages each for the violations of first amendment rights, procedural due process rights, and libel. The district court also awarded attorney’s fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988 in the amount submitted for actual time and expenses. Finally, the court ordered reinstatement of Dr. Davis’ staff privileges.
II. DR. DAVIS’ CLAIMS
(1) First Amendment
The jury determined that the initial summary suspension of Dr. Davis by Drs. Manax and Shirey was a retaliatory action in violation of his first amendment rights. We conclude, however, that as a matter of law Dr. Davis’ speech was not protected by the First Amendment. Therefore, we do not reach the issue raised by the defendants that the district court erred in failing to submit a special interrogatory on the question of whether Dr. Davis would have been suspended regardless of the letters that he wrote. See Mt. Healthy City School District v. Doyle, 429 U.S. 274, 287, 97 S.Ct. 568, 576, 50 L.Ed.2d 471 (1977); Truly v. Madison General Hospital, 673 F.2d 763, 767 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 909, 103 S.Ct. 214, 74 L.Ed.2d 170 (1982).
The speech in question is found in several letters written by Dr. Davis to his superiors at the hospital. On March 12, 1981, Dr. Davis wrote Dr. Shirey complaining about a letter he had received from a nurse complaining about a note that he had left her about checking on a patient. In his letter, Dr. Davis requested an apology. On March 31, Dr. Davis wrote hospital administrator Neely complaining about the work of an anesthetist and requesting verification or a written retraction of the anesthetist’s comments about Dr. Davis having made bad judgment calls. On June 2, Dr. Davis wrote the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the hospital criticizing Dr. Manax’ patient care and alleging that Dr. Manax’ ineffectiveness and inefficiency were being condoned by Dr. Shirey and Neely. Dr. Davis requested a review of Dr. Manax’ cases. One day later, on June 3, he wrote the President of the hospital’s Board of Directors to complain about Neely. He listed six specific incidents, five of which were personal (including a complaint that Neely had given a parking space that Dr. Davis had been using to Dr. Manax). The sixth was another complaint that Neely was overlooking the improper conduct of Dr. Manax in treating patients. In a June 15 letter to the President of the Board of Directors, Dr. Davis complained about the lack of response to the June 2 and 3 letters and added two more complaints: that the printing for the hospital was being done by a business owned by a board member and that a relative of a board member had been hired as Director of the Volunteer Service of the hospital (questioning whether the position was properly advertised and whether the pay might not be too high). His concern in these additional complaints was a conflict of interest involving board members, whom he claimed were receiving financial gain.
Although these letters were not made public (in fact, the June 15 letter was marked “personel [sic] and confidential)”, some internal communications have been deemed to constitute protected speech. The Supreme Court has found an employee’s (teacher’s) criticisms of racially discriminatory policies and practices of the employer made only to her supervisor (principal) to be protected speech. Givhan v. Western Line Consolidated School District, 439 U.S. 410, 414, 415 n. 4, 99 S.Ct. 693, 695, 696 n. 4, 58 L.Ed.2d 619 (1979). The fact, then, that the communications here were inhouse does not necessarily destroy their protection under the First Amendment, but it is part of the context of the communication to be considered in determining whether the speech addressed a matter of public concern. See Connick v. Myers, 461 U.S. 138, 103 S.Ct. 1684, 1690, 75 L.Ed.2d 708, 720 (1983) (“[wjhether an employee’s speech addresses a matter of public concern must be determined by the content, form, and context of a given statement, as revealed by the whole record”). Although Dr. Davis has raised the issue of racial discrimination in his equal protection claim against the hospital, none of his letters made any charges of racially discriminatory policies and practices or otherwise raised matters of public concern as discussed infra.
The First Amendment protects the speech of government employees when that speech addresses a matter of public concern. A matter of public concern may be a matter of political, social, or other concern to the community. Connick, 103 S.Ct. at 1689, 75 L.Ed.2d at 719. Concerning the protection to be afforded to matters of public concern raised by government employees, the Supreme Court in Connick noted that when the employee speaks as a citizen upon such matters, the First Amendment has long been interpreted to protect that speech from being “ ‘chilled’ by the fear of discharge.” 103 S.Ct. at 1687, 1688, 75 L.Ed.2d at 717, 718. Such protected speech is contrasted with that of a government employee speaking “as an employee upon matters only of personal interest.” Id., 103 S.Ct. at 1690, 75 L.Ed.2d at 720 (emphasis added). The Ninth Circuit has formulated the Connick inquiry concerning protected speech as follows:
Speech by public employees may be characterized as not of “public concern” when it is clear that such speech deals with individual personnel disputes and grievances and that the information would be of no relevance to the public’s evaluation of the performance of governmental agencies.
McKinley v. City of Eloy, 705 F.2d 1110, 1114 (9th Cir.1983). The court added:
On the other hand, speech that concerns “issues about which information is needed or appropriate to enable the members of society” to make informed decisions about the operation of their government merits the highest degree of first amendment protection.
Id. (citing Thornhill v. Alabama, 310 U.S. 88, 102, 60 S.Ct. 736, 744, 84 L.Ed. 1093 (1946)).
Most of the content of Dr. Davis’ letters to his superiors at the hospital clearly involves only personal grievances against various co-workers and administrators, e.g., his demand of apologies from a nurse and an anesthetist, his complaints of Neely’s lack of consideration in various matters including depriving him of his usual parking space. This airing of specific grievances against other members of the hospital with whom he has had disagreements or whom he felt had treated him improperly does not fall under the rubric of matters of public concern but, instead, falls under the banner of matters of pure personal interest.
Two issues, however, raised in Dr. Davis’ letters are less clearly personal in nature: (1) his comments about the patient care provided by Dr. Manax and (2) his queries about possible conflicts of interest by two hospital board members. But even these complaints do not involve any policy or practice of the hospital; and they are related only to isolated, unsubstantiated acts by specific individuals. His request to have Dr. Manax’ patient records reviewed can be construed as a personal concern to the extent that Dr. Davis knew that his own patient records were being scrutinized. Considered in their entire context, the complaints by Dr. Davis, consisting as they did of personal grievances and criticisms of isolated acts of individuals with whom he was having personal conflicts, are statements which are not protected as a matter of law by the First Amendment. Further, no particular statement touching upon a matter of potential public concern must be treated separately out of context and thereby given first amendment protection. Dr. Davis’ queries about conflicts of interest by board members might become matters of public concern, but in their in-house context and as speculative inquiries they have not yet achieved that status.
Therefore, as to the first amendment claim, we find as a matter of law that Dr. Davis’ speech concerned individual personnel disputes and did not address matters of public concern; and that, therefore, it is not protected speech under the First Amendment. See Connick, 103 S.Ct. 1684, 1690 & n. 7, 75 L.Ed.2d 708, 720 & n. 7; McKinley, 705 F.2d at 1114.
(2) Equal Protection
Although the jury found that four of the defendants violated Dr. Davis’ equal protection rights, i.e., were primarily motivated in one or more of their actions by racial considerations, no damages were awarded on this claim. Dr. Davis argues only that the trial court erred in failing to award nominal damages, given that the jury found that his equal protection rights were violated. The Supreme Court case cited by Dr. Davis held that in the absence of proof of actual injury from a violation of a constitutional right (procedural due process), a plaintiff is entitled to recover only nominal damages (and not punitive damages). See Carey v. Piphus, 435 U.S. 247, 248, 98 S.Ct. 1042, 1044, 55 L.Ed.2d 252 (1978). Thus, Dr. Davis is entitled to an award of $1 as nominal damages. Instructions for the award of these damages are set out in part IV infra.
(3) Procedural Due Process
Only the procedures leading to the permanent suspension of Dr. Davis’ privileges in January 1982 are involved in this claim, i.e., the earlier initial temporary suspension in June 1981 and the manner in which it was conducted are not part of this claim. The jury answered “yes” to the special interrogatory on procedural due process which was phrased as follows: “Do you find that the hearing procedures which culminated in Plaintiff’s staff privileges being permanently suspended in January, 1982, were conducted in such a manner as to violate Plaintiff’s right to procedural due process?”
The hospital argues on appeal that no violation of procedural due process occurred especially in view of the great deference due a hospital’s decision concerning staff privileges. The hospital cites authority that only minimal due process standards must be met: (1) the procedures of the hospital must be fair; (2) the standards set by the hospital must be reasonable; and (3) the hospital must not act arbitrarily or capriciously. See, e.g., Laje v. Thomason General Hospital, 564 F.2d 1159, 1162 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 437 U.S. 905, 98 S.Ct. 3091, 57 L.Ed.2d 1134 (1978). The court’s instructions to the jury concerning the requirements of due process pertinent to Dr. Davis’ claim are set forth below.
Dr. Davis also claims that the hearing procedures provided for by the hospital bylaws do not meet the constitutional requirements of procedural due process.
You are instructed that a person in Plaintiff’s position may not have his staff privileges terminated unless procedures are followed which comply substantially with the following:
(1) Plaintiff must be given fair notice of the charges against him;
(2) Plaintiff must be afforded a hearing with fair opportunity to cross-examine witnesses and present evidence and testimony on his own behalf; and
(3) the hearing committee must not be actually biased in the manner in which the hearing was conducted.
In addition, the hospital and its board of trustees are required to follow their own rules and regulations pertaining to suspensions and hearings, substantially and in good faith.
Plaintiff alleges that the hearing process which resulted in his permanent suspension in January, 1982, did not comply with procedural due process.
The Defendants maintain that the bylaws were substantially complied with, and that all actions were taken in good faith.
The hospital does not take issue with the requirements of due process as presented by the district court, but argues instead that the evidence shows that all the requirements were complied with and that therefore we should find that Dr. Davis was afforded due process as a matter of law.
Dr. Davis disputes the evidentiary claims made by the hospital. He contends in part that he was never notified in advance of meetings and that when he was finally allowed to testify before a committee (the Executive Committee), that testimony was later disregarded by the Board of Directors in making their decision. Dr. Davis and three doctors he called as witnesses also testified before a special hearing panel, the composition of which he criticizes because most of the members had no medical expertise or knowledge of hospital affairs and because the only medically knowledgeable member was Dr. Teresa Manax, the wife of Dr. Manax. See supra note 2. Dr. Davis argues that the sufficiency of each procedural step and the reasonableness and good faith of the defendants’ action were factual questions properly determined by the jury.
Since there is a factual dispute as to sufficiency of the hearing procedures as applied to Dr. Davis, the due process issue was properly presented to the jury. See, e.g., Conley v. Board of Trustees of Grenada County Hospital, 707 F.2d 175, 182 (5th Cir.1983). As is evident from the comparison of the hospital’s version of its actions and the contrary and additional evidence pointed out by Dr. Davis, see supra note 3, Dr. Davis presented sufficient evidence of procedural irregularities at trial such that the hospital’s attack on the jury’s finding of a violation of procedural due process must fail. In particular, while he was allowed to present evidence during the suspension hearings conducted by the hospital, that evidence was not considered by the actual decision-making body. Dr. Davis points to the fact that the Board in overruling the Executive Committee’s recommendation of a reprimand instead of suspension listened only to part of the evidence and none from him; and that the Joint Conference Committee in reaching its final decision (a split vote of four to two which resulted in suspension by the Board) did not even have before it the very lengthy record from the special hearing at which 22 hours of testimony were presented and did not discuss any specific evidence.
While the hospital urged that we find on the record that Dr. Davis did receive adequate hearing procedures and that the various levels of committees, panels, etc., properly provided additional review rather than de novo review, and especially that the special hearing panel provided an adequate hearing of the evidence (despite the questionable composition of that panel), the issue was properly a factual one presented to the jury. We will not overturn its finding on appeal and substitute ours given the evidence in the record that there was a deprivation of Dr. Davis’ right to procedural due process leading up to his permanent suspension. In affirming the judgment on this claim, we must consider the appropriateness of joint and several liability of the defendants and the hospital’s arguments of immunity in considering the disposition of the award of punitive damages. See parts III and IV, infra.
(4) Substantive Due Process
Dr. Davis has not appealed from any aspect of the district court’s granting a judgment notwithstanding the verdict on his claim for a violation of substantive due process. Although by the same argument made concerning his equal protection claim, he would otherwise be entitled to an award of $1 in nominal damages in accordance with the jury’s finding of a violation of this constitutional right, he has waived this issue on appeal. See Carey v. Piphus, 435 U.S. at 248, 1044; cf. part 11(2) supra.
(5) Libel
The jury found that Drs. Manax and Shirey made libelous statements about Dr. Davis, that such statements were made with actual malice, and that such statements were a proximate cause of damage to Dr. Davis. The jury also awarded him actual and punitive damages. However, the jury also found that the statements were true or substantially true. The truth of a communication is a complete defense to libel under Texas law, whether or not made with malice as it was found to be here. See, e.g., Templeton v. Rogers, 450 S.W.2d 900, 901 (Tex.Civ.App. — San Antonio 1970, writ dism’d). We hold, therefore, that the jury’s finding of the truth of the statements made by Drs. Manax and Shirey is a defense to the libel claim, despite the other apparently inconsistent findings and the award of damages.
Dr. Davis argues that the jury’s “yes” answer to the interrogatory “Do you find that any libelous statement made about the plaintiff was true or substantially true?” is a finding that only one statement was true, and that to present a defense or even a conflict with its other answers, the jury would have had to have found that all the statements were true. The defendants contend that Dr. Davis’ interpretation of the interrogatory is contrary to the court’s instructions to the jury, in which “any” refers to all the libelous statements that may have been made. It is the duty of the court to attempt to reconcile apparently inconsistent answers by a jury to special interrogatories. See Gal-lick v. Baltimore & Ohio R. Co., 372 U.S. 108, 119, 83 S.Ct. 659, 666, 9 L.Ed.2d 618 (1963); Wright v. Kroeger Corp., 422 F.2d 176, 178 (5th Cir.1970). Such reconciliation must be done “in light of the surrounding circumstances, including the instructions of the court.” Wright, 422 F.2d at 178. Accordingly, we will consider the jury’s response to the interrogatory on the truth of the statements in the light of court’s instruction on that issue.
The relevant instructions to the jury on the libel claim were stated as follows:
As a defense to the claim of libel, the Defendants contend that any statements which may have been made were substantially true, and thus cannot be libelous. You are instructed that, under the laws of the state of Texas, truth or substantial truth is an absolute defense to a charge of libel.
The court’s instructions clarify the meaning of “any” in the jury interrogatory concerning truth: the reference is clearly to whether the libelous statements existed at all rather than to the- truth of only one statement. Therefore, the jury’s finding of truth does present a complete defense to the libel claim and damages on this claim were not properly awarded. While the jury may not have fully appreciated that truth was a complete defense, and therefore proceeded to answer additional interrogatories on the libel claim and make findings of damages, the district court should have granted the motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict on the libel claim. Accordingly, the judgment must be reversed on the libel claim.
(6) Tortious Interference with n . „ , Business Relationships
The jury found that Dr. Davis’ business relationships were tortiously interfered with by Drs. Manax and Shirey, administrator Neely and chairman Kelly and that the interference was a proximate cause of damage to Dr. Davis. The jury awarded him $170,000 in actual damages and $60,000 in punitive damages. The district court entered judgment notwithstanding the verdict on the claim for tortious interference with business relationships, finding there to have been no evidence of the requisite elements of malice and of any actual damages since Dr. Davis’ income increased in the year of the alleged interference. We agree with the district court,
Texas law requires proof of both malice by the defendants and actual damages or loss to the plaintiff to establish tortious (or malicious) interference with business relationships. See, e.g., CF & I Steel Corp. v. Pete Sublett & Co., 623 S.W.2d 709, 713 (Tex.Civ.App. — Houston [1st Dist.] 1981, writ ref’d n.r.e.); Harsh-berger v. Reliable-Aire, Inc., 619 S.W.2d 478, 481 (Tex.Civ.App. — Corpus Christi 1981, writ dism’d).
a. Malice
„ _ . , , ,, , , ,.. Dr. Davis contends that he did prove the . . .. element of malice as construed by this Court in Verkin v. Melroy, 699 F.2d 729 (5th Cir.1983). In Verkin, this Court speci-ffed that the tortfeasors must have had knowledge of the prospective business relationship that they allegedly interfered with and that the evidence, which may be circumstantial evidence, must support an intent to harm the plaintiff. Id. at 733. The jury here could properly conclude that the defendants knew that Dr. Davis’ business relationships with any patients he had at the hospital would be affected by the suspension of his staff privileges there. However, there is no evidence in the record, even of a circumstantial nature, to support an intent to harm Dr. Davis.
Dr. Davis on appeal has suggested only two items of evidence to establish requisite malice: that Neely had urged Dr. Shirey to get rid of Dr. Davis as early as 1980; and that Kelly threatened to suspend another doctor, Dr. Smith, “when he ... was about to discover the ‘truth’ about the abortive TMA review.”
The threats to third parties who did not agree with the summary suspension of Dr. Davis and other hospital procedures do not provide even circumstantial evidence sufficient to support a finding of malicious intent to interfere with Dr Davis business relationships. Certainly, the evidence indicates considerable discord between certain doctors and administrators at the hospital and serves to support the jury’s finding of the denial of procedural due process, but, as the district court correctly determined, it cannot support a finding of malice as an element of tortious inference.
b. Damages
Even if the evidence were adequate to establish the element of malice, Dr. Davis has even more clearly failed to establish another essential element of the tort, i.e., that he suffered any actual damages. There is simply no evidence in the record that Dr. Davis’ income level was reduced by his suspension. After the reinstatement from the June 1981 four day suspension, the evidence showed that he had no patients in the hospital at the time, received no referrals during that time, and had a higher income that year ($90,000) than the previous year ($85,000). Dr. Davis also had and used staff privileges to treat pa-tients at two other hospitals in the area.
Therefore, the district court properly granted the motion for judgment notwith. standing the verdict Qn the tortious inter. ference with business relationship claim.
III. THE HOSPITAL’S IMMUNITY FROM PUNITIVE DAMAGES
The hospital system is immune from punitive damages under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. City of Newport v. Facts Concerts, Inc., 453 U.S. 247, 271, 101 S.Ct. 2748, 2762, 69 L.Ed.2d 616 (1981). Accordingly, the judgment should be modified to exclude the hospital from the punitive damages awarded under the remaining claim against it — the violation of procedural due process,
^ JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY
The district court found Drs. Manax and Shirey and the hospital jointly and severally liable for all the damages awarded to Dr. Davis. We find the court’s failure to award damages according to the liability of the defendants found in the separate jury verdicts to be error. On remand, the judgment for damages is to be apportioned in accordance with the following instructions. On the procedural due process claim, judgment is to be entered for Dr. Davis and against the hospital in the amount of $10,000 for actual damages. The hospital, as discussed in part III, supra, is not liable for punitive damages. Therefore, the award of $10,000 for Dr. Davis in punitive damages on the procedural due process claim cannot stand.
The remaining damages to be awarded on remand are nominal damages: $1 for the violation of Dr. Davis’ right to equal protection by Drs. Manax and Shirey and Kelly and Neely who are properly jointly and severally liable for the violations.
Y. ATTORNEYS’ FEES
Only the hospital has challenged the award of attorneys’ fees by the district court. It argues that Dr. Davis’ attorneys received fees for all of the time expended on the case when four of the seven defendants were found not liable on any claim; the recovery for interference with business relationships (a $230,000 award in comparison to the $60,000 remainder) was denied by the court; and attorneys’ fees are not recoverable for libel under Texas law.
The hospital urges that the principle established in Hensley v. Eckerhart by the United States Supreme Court precludes full recovery. See id,., 461 U.S. 424, 103 S.Ct. 1933, 76 L.Ed.2d 40 (1983). Hensley concerns civil rights actions in which attorneys’ fees are sought under 42 U.S.C. § 1988 and therefore applies to the present case. The Court observed that “[i]if ... a plaintiff has achieved only partial or limited success, the product of hours reasonably expended on the litigation as a whole times a reasonable hourly rate may be an excessive amount.” 103 S.Ct. at 1945, 76 L.Ed.2d at 52. If the plaintiff is only partially successful, the court “may attempt to identify specific hours that should be eliminated, or it may simply reduce the award to account for the limited success.” Id. There is no question but that Dr. Davis was only partially successful in the district court. The district court, however; in its discretion, chose not to enhance the award as would be appropriate if “exceptional success” had been achieved and it disallowed the high hourly rate sought for trial work. Overall, rather than reducing the award for excessive time in preparation and less than total success, the court did not enhance the award. The court has discretion in determining how to ensure that an award is not excessive. It may have considered the hourly rate to be low or the case to have been particularly unpopular. See Johnson v. Georgia Highway Express, 488 F.2d 714 (5th Cir.1974). Since the district court considered the relationship between the extent of success and the amount of the award, it satisfied the Hensley requirement in determining the appropriate attorneys’ fees.
However, in view of the lesser success of Dr. Davis after this appeal, we remand for a reconsideration of the amount of attorneys’ fees, if any, to be awarded. See Thomas v. Sams, 734 F.2d 185, 193-94 (5th Cir.1984). For any attorneys’ fees to be awarded, the district court must find that Dr. Davis was a “prevailing party.” Hensley, 103 S.Ct. at 1943, 76 L.Ed.2d at 50. If on remand, he is found to be a prevailing party, the court must reconsider the amount of the award in view of the extent of success achieved.
The issue of whether Dr. Davis was a prevailing party was not addressed on appeal. We do not decide that issue, but note that the finding of a violation of Dr. Davis’ procedural due process rights by the hospital in permanently suspending him and his reinstatement to staff privileges by the district court have not been reversed on ap-pe»l, »nd in our view, constate the central issue m the case. We further observe that ,. . , , J.J. . -i . . his reinstatement to staff privileges is, in ,, . ,, m. our view, the primary relief sought. The award of attorneys’ fees is vacated and remanded for reconsideration in light of Hensley and our discussion.
VI CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment is affirmed in part and reversed in part, vacated in part, and remanded. Upon remand, the district court is instructed to ... , . , ...... enter íudgment in accordance with this . , ~ • • .> . /. opinion for Dr. Davis in the amount of ... , „ ... , ... $10,000 and for reinstatement of his staff . .. . , .. . . , privileges against the hospital for the viola-f. . . . . , f , . tion of his right to procedural due process, . . and m the amount of $1 against Drs. Ma- . . . , . T. .. , nax and Shirey and chairman Kelly and , . . , , . . .. „,. administrator Neely for the violation of his right to equal protection.
The district court’s award of attorneys’ fees is vacated and the court is further instructed to reconsider the appropriate amount of attorneys’ fees, if any, in accordance with Hensley.
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment below is AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART;
. Dr. Davis had requested a separate interrogatory on the violation of procedural due process by the summary suspension. The denial of this request is not before us on appeal. However, we note that a temporary suspension of staff privileges for a few days might not implicate a liberty or property interest, thereby not raising a due process claim. See Daly v. Sprague, 675 F.2d 716, 721 (1982), cert. denied, 460 U.S. 1047, 103 S.Ct. 1448, 75 L.Ed.2d 802 (1983).
. The hospital in its brief does separately address the question of possible bias to the extent that Dr. Teresa Manax, the wife of Dr. Manax who was instrumental in initiating the suspension proceedings, was a member of the hearing panel appointed by the Board.
. The hospital has described its actions as follows:
1. On June 22, 1981, Plaintiff Davis’ privileges were summarily suspended by the Chief of the Department of Surgery pursuant to Article VII, § 1 of the Bylaws.
2. On June 22, 1981, Defendants Manax and Shirey signed a letter detailing no less than 9 charges concerning the conduct of Plaintiff Davis, specifying 18 different cases of patient deaths or serious complications and advising Plaintiff Davis of the summary suspension ...
3. On June 26, 1981, the Executive Committee of the Medical Staff met and recommended that the summary suspension be revoked.
4. On July 2, 1981, the Board of Trustees of Defendant Hospital recognized the revocation of such summary suspension and ordered that Plaintiff Davis be advised of same.
5. On July 7, 1981, Defendant Hospital received the TMA [Texas Medical Association] Panel Report concerning the 18 specified cases, pursuant to Article VII, § lb of the Bylaws.
6. On September 3, 1981, the Board advised the Executive Committee and Plaintiff Davis again of the specific charges against him____
7. On September 22, 1981, the Board advised Plaintiff Davis of the scheduled September 29th meeting with the Executive Committee, again advised Dr. Davis of the charges against him, and advised that the medical records pertaining to such charges would be made available____
8. On September 29, 1981, the Executive Committee met with Plaintiff Davis, after which it recommended that he be reprimanded but not suspended.
9. On October 6, 1981, the Board overruled the Executive Committee and ordered a hearing for Plaintiff Davis before a specially appointed hearing panel, pursuant to Article VIII, § 4b of the Staff Bylaws----
10. On October 19, 1981, the Board advised Plaintiff Davis of the hearing before the hearing panel and again advised Dr. Davis of the specific charges____
11. On November 4, 5, and 6, 1981, the hearing panel held a hearing on the charges brought against Dr. Davis. Plaintiff Davis called three doctors to testify on his .behalf, and he himself also testified before the hearing panel.
12. On November 6, 1981, the hearing panel voted to suspend the privileges of Dr. Davis ____
13. On November 16, 1981, the Board referred the matter to the Joint Conference Committee pursuant to Article VIII, § 7a of the Staff Bylaws____
14. On January 5, 1982, the Board issued a memorandum that the Joint Conference Committee was to meet on January 13, 1982, and that the transcript of the hearing would be available to members of the Joint Conference Committee for review prior to the meeting on January 13th.
15. On January 16, 1982, the Joint Conference Committee, comprised of three doctors and three board members, voted 4 to 2 to suspend the privileges of Dr. Davis.
16. On January 23, 1982, the Board suspended the privileges of Plaintiff Davis, which decision was final pursuant to Article VIII, § 7a of the Medical Staff Bylaws.
Since Actions 1-4 involve only the summary suspension and its revocation, they are not part of the due process claim. However, the 18 cases of alleged improper patient treatment referred to in Action 2 provide the basis for Dr. Davis’ permanent suspension as well. Dr. Davis, therefore, contends that he should have been notified of the TMA Panel’s review of his patient records and allowed to appear before that panel before it made its recommendation to the hospital. Cf. Action 5, supra this note.
The first meeting which Dr. Davis was invited to attend was the September 29 meeting of the Executive Committee where he presented evidence. This committee recommended only a reprimand for not including consultation notes in his records; future failure to do so would result in immediate termination. Cf. Action 8, supra this note. Dr. Davis strongly objects to the procedures followed at a subsequent closed meeting of the Board at which the Board did not listen to the tape-recorded evidence presented by Dr. Davis to the Executive Committee, but listened only to that portion of the tape containing the statements by Drs. Shirey, Smith and Eisma. Instead of accepting the recommendation of a reprimand, the Board appointed a special four member hearing panel composed of three laypersons and Dr. Teresa Manax. Cf. Action 9, supra this note.
Dr. Davis participated in the hearing although he objected to the potential bias of Dr. Teresa Manax, the lack of time given him to review the patient records in order to prepare for the hearing, and not being informed of the specific charges against him, alleging that the charges in the June 22 summary suspension letter were “rather conclusory and vague.” The panel recommended suspension. Cf. Actions 10, 11, and 12, supra this note.
Dr. Davis also complains that he was not allowed to appear before the Joint Conference Committee when it met to consider the recommendation from the hearing panel and that this Committee reached its decision to suspend Dr. Davis without discussing the actual evidence presented to the hearing panel, only the fact that evidence had been presented. One member testified that he did not have a copy of the hearing record at the time, noting that the hearing went for 22 hours and the record was "thick.” Cf. Actions 14 and 15, supra this note.
. The statements in issue were those made by Drs. Shirey and Manax in the June 22 summary suspension letter.
. Dr. Davis does not cite to the record concerning this alleged evidence of malice. However, our examination of the record has revealed the following testimony by Dr. Smith describing the events after the summary suspension of Dr. Davis:
We felt like there wasn't an imminent danger, this needed to be investigated, needed to go through the proper Bylaws procedure like are in the Bylaws with proper hearings. So Dr. Eisma and myself called an Executive Committee meeting. The Bylaws state 2A of the Executive Committee can call a meeting. So we called a meeting. We notified Dr. Shirey that we were calling the meeting and for June 26th at 6:00 P.M. in the Hospital Conference Room. Dr. Shirey met me before the meeting and stated that if we had the meeting that he would Summarily Suspend, or the Board would Summarily Suspend me and Dr. Eisma because we were out of order, and not only would they suspend us for disruptive action for having the meeting but that they would ignore what we did in the meeting. At that time I said I thought we were going by the Bylaws, and we were going to have the meeting, we duly called it, if he didn’t want to come, that was his prerogative, So we did have the meeting and we voted at that time to lift____
To lift the Summary Suspension and to continue with the investigation, to continue with the investigative process as set out in the Bylaws.
Q [by Ms. McNamara, counsel for Dr. Davis] Did you anticipate there would be a review of the surgeries at the Hospital?
A Yes.
Q Of all surgeries?
A Yes.
Q Was such a review conducted?
A To the best of my knowledge, no.
Q Were you present at the Hospital on July 7, 1981?
A Yes, ma’am.
Q And were there three physicians there?
A Yes, ma’am.
Q Examining records?
A Yes, ma'am.
____
Q Did you have any discussion with Mr. Neely?
A No. The doctors had asked me a question, I told them to refer to Mr. Neely.
Q What was the question they asked you?
A They asked over what length of time these records were obtained from, and I said I really didn t know.
Q Did you know that the Committee was going to be reviewing only Dr. Daws records?
. ^ TT „ „ . c Q Did you speak to Harvey Kelly that af- —
n „„ Q What was the nature of that conversa-donp
Mr. Kelly seemed quite upset that I was there. I told him I had merely come to thank the Committee for being there, I heard they were there and I thanked them for coming and started to leave when they asked me, you know, the length of time, and that is all I said. I was leaving when Mr. Harvey came in, when Mr. Kelly came in, I’m sorry.
Q Thereafter, did Mr. Kelly contact you concerning the TMA Panel or the meeting?
A Yeah. At the time basically he said he didn’t know what I was doing there, but that I might be cited for disruptive action by merely coming and being there at all, and that he was quite upset that I was there,
Q Did you discuss the review further with him?
A Yes. He called me up at approximately 2:30 P.M. on July 10th, 1981 and he asked me not to refer any patients to Dr. Davis until the Board, Executive Committee could meet with the wr¡tten findings that the ad hoc commit. tee came up with.
Q Did anyone else call you?
A Yes. Mr. Bill Neely called me on July 13th, 1981, at approximately 8:30 P.M. He „ , _ _ . asked me to Summarily Suspend Dr. Davis, and read me a "verbatim" copy of what the Committee Report would say. He said that Dr- Davis had a patient in the Hospital, that we must not let him operate. I told him I would be happy to meet the Executive Cornmittee when we got the full written report, but that I would not Summarily Suspend Dr. Davis. He told me he would therefore call the Board Meeting and have me Summarily Suspended for "disruptive action.”
. While Drs. Manax and Shirey may have been found liable for the summary suspension were it to present a due process claim, the proposed separate interrogatory on that issue was not submitted to the jury and the proposed instruction incorporating the summary suspension as a component of the procedural due process interrogatory that was submitted was not given. See note 1, supra. The hospital on appeal presented arguments that it was not liable for claims involving the actions of Drs. Manax and Shirey, but defended its liability for the procedural due process violation solely on the merits of that-claim — in effect, conceding that it was solely liable.
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Discussions AND categories on homepage
I am trying to build a theme, that has the discussions list and the categroy list on the same page.
Like this:
In the backend I can only choose either controller as standard route.
I could set this to “discussions” and embed this in my template: {module name="CategoriesModule"} but that will only give me that limited table from the side panel.
It would be awesome if there was an easy way to get access to the $CategoryTree variable somewhere else than the categories controller.
This way I could use Smarty to run over the tree and build whatever view I like.
Comments
• R_JR_J Ex-Fanboy Munich Admin
The way to do so would be to create a module for that. You could use the CategoriesModule as a start. You would need two files, copy
/vanilla/modules/class.categoriesmodule.php
/vanilla/views/modules/categories.php
to
/themes/whatever/modules/class.detailedcategoriesmodule.php
/themes/whatever/views/modules/detailedcategories.php
and start customizing them. I wouldn't be surprised if all the data you need is already included and you only have to customize the view.
BleistivtShadowdarevollstock
• Thanks, I will have a look.
Anyway, reading into it, I wonder whether it isn’t possible to write a Themehook adding the categories data into the discussions view.
Is that possible or even easier?
• this works like a charm :-)
I added a ThemHooks file and stole the category tree code from applications/vanilla/modules/class.categoriesmodule.php:
/**
* Fetches the categories tree and sets the data for the theme view.
* Render the locale in a smarty template using {$locale}
*
* @param Controller $sender The sending controller object.
*/
public function base_render_before($sender) {
// Bail out if we're in the dashboard
if (inSection('Dashboard')) {
return;
}
if(!val('CategoryTree', $sender->Data)) {
$categoryModel = new CategoryModel();
$categories = $categoryModel
->setJoinUserCategory(true)
->getChildTree(null, ['collapseCategories' => true]);
$categories = CategoryModel::flattenTree($categories);
$categories = array_filter($categories, function ($category) {
return val('PermsDiscussionsView', $category) && val('Following', $category);
});
$data = new Gdn_DataSet($categories, DATASET_TYPE_ARRAY);
$data->datasetType(DATASET_TYPE_OBJECT);
$sender->setData('CategoryTree', $data);
}
}
I am happy with my solution, but being new to Vanilla, I wonder where the pro and cons are to this and your suggested solution.
Thanks
rbrahmsonR_J
• R_JR_J Ex-Fanboy Munich Admin
For your task, your solution is best! You should improve it by making the code only run when on the discussions view:
Replace:
public function base_render_before($sender) {
// Bail out if we're in the dashboard
if (inSection('Dashboard')) {
return;
}
with
public function discussionsController_render_before($sender) {
That way the code will only be run when the discussions page is shown and not on each and every page (that happens when you use base_render_before).
The advantage of my solution would be the reusability: making the part that you want to insert into the discussions view a module, makes it easily distributable and reusable. But you do not want to do that and therefore it would be bloated :wink:
The advantage of your solution is that it only fetches the data you need to write your Smarty theme.
But there are always ways to optimize: you are relying on code that might change in the future: say there is a security problem in there or the code will be optimized to run faster. You will miss that. Therefore re-using as much as possible is always a good approach. You have copied part of the CategoriesModule. Why not use that object directly?
Vanilla has "Assets" and the side bar is called the "Panel" in Vanilla and is one of the assets. The assets are part of the controller and $sender is the variable which represents the controller. Therefore you can find the modules which are in the panel with $sender->Assets['Panel'] and the CategoriesModule is $sender->Assets['Panel']['CategoriesModule'].
The data should be accessible with $sender->Assets['Panel']['CategoriesModule']->Data but at the time of "base_render_before" the code which fills the data hasn't been run yet. Therefore you have to do that.
public function discussionsController_render_before($sender, $args) {
// ...->getData() would be best, but sadfully you cannot run that directly.
// The data is filled when another function is called.
$sender->Assets['Panel']['CategoriesModule']->toString();
$data = $sender->Assets['Panel']['CategoriesModule']->Data->resultArray();
$sender->setData('CategoryTree', $data);
}
Another positive side effect of that would be that you fetch the data only once from the database: with the code above you fill the Data property of the object and when the module is shown, it will not be done again.
vollstockrbrahmson
• ah sweet, thanks :-)
• had to wrap it in
if ($sender->Assets['Panel']['CategoriesModule']) {
otherwise I’m getting an error when opening the bookmarks flyout in the MeBox
"Call to a member function toString() on null"
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Programmer's Blog
Programmer's reference
Category Archives: J2EE
[J2EE] Hibernate Example
Hibernate is a framework which you can map database records to java Objects/variables. So that you can use minimum code for interaction with database.
required files:
1. Hibernate configuration file (hibernate.cfg.xml)
An written example can be found here.
2. hibernate mapping file (Test.hbm.xml)
Find example here. Test is name of the the record Object
e.g. if you use Test.java for record Object, then name as Test.hbm.xml
3. Record Object Class (Test.java)
At the bottom of the above example, it just contains
constructor, getter and setters for storages of variables which
corresponds to the data of each column in the database.
4. hibernate Library
you’ll need the following jars
mysql-connector-java-5.1.31-bin.jar
serializer.jar
xalan.jar
xercesImpl.jar
cglib-3.1.jar
commons-logging-1.1.3.jar
commons-logging-adapters-1.1.3.jar
commons-logging-api-1.1.3.jar
antlr-2.7.7.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
hibernate-commons-annotations-4.0.4.Final.jar
hibernate-core-4.3.5.Final.jar
hibernate-jpa-2.1-api-1.0.0.Final.jar
jandex-1.1.0.Final.jar
javassist-3.18.1-GA.jar
jboss-logging-3.1.3.GA.jar
jboss-logging-annotations-1.2.0.Beta1.jar
jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec-1.0.0.Final.jar
Main Program Example (Testing. java)
=========================================================
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class Testing {
private static SessionFactory factory;
@SuppressWarnings("depreciation")
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}catch (Throwable ex) {
System.err.println("Cannot create sessionFactory object" + ex);
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
}
Testing TestObj = new Testing(); //object of self
Integer record1 = TestObj.addRecord("E091",2944); //return class type integer
Integer record2 = TestObj.addrecord("E092",2947);
TestObj.listRecords();
TestObj.updateRecord(record1, 2900);
TestObj.deleteRecord(record2);
}
public Integer addRecord(String inputStr, int inputInt){
//open new factory session, transaction and return value of ID
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
Integer retID = null;
try{
//1. begin transaction 2. create new record obj
//3. save session 4. commit transaction
//retID returns the generated id in DB
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Test recordObj = new Test(inputStr, inputInt);
retID = (Integer) session.save(recordObj);
tx.commit();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
session.close();
}
return retID;
}
public void listRecords() {
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
//Get object Testing from a query of List li
tx = session.beginTransaction();
List li = session.createQuery("FROM TEST").list();
for (Iterator iterator = li.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();){
Test recordObj = (Test) iterator.next();
System.out.print(recordObj.getTestStr());
System.out.println(" " + recordObj.getTestNbr());
}
} catch (hibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
session.close();
}
}
public void updateRecord(Integer inputID, int inputInt) {
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Test recordObj = (Test) session.get(Test.class, inputID);
recordObj.setTestNbr( inputInt );
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
public void deleteRecord(Integer inputID) {
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Test recordObj = (Test) session.get(Test.class, inputID);
session.delete(inputID);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
} //class
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[J2EE] hibernate mapping sample Test.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
//map class Test.java to database table TEST
<class name="Test" table="TEST">
<meta attribute="class-description">
This class contains the employee detail.
</meta>
//map variable in class Test to columns in the database
<id name="id" type="int" column="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="testStr" column="test_string" type="string"/>
<property name="testNbr" column="test_number" type="int"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
<<<Extracts of class Test.java>>>
private String testStr;
private int testNbr;
public Test() {} //constructor
public Test(String inputStr, int inputNbr) {
this.testStr = inputStr;
this.testNbr = inputNbr;
}
.... getters and setters
[J2EE] Hibernate Configuration hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration SYSTEM
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">
org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">
com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">
jdbc:mysql://localhost/test
</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">
test
</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">
test
</property>
<!-- List of XML mapping files -->
<mapping resource="Test.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration> | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Close Update: S&P 500 Hits Record High, Dow Surges in Wall Street's Relief Rally
Wall Street jumped on Monday, with the S&P 500 hitting a record high on widespread gains across all of its 11 sectors amid a risk-on tone for investors as Irma was downgraded to a tropical storm and North Korea fears eased.
The relief rally saw the Dow Jones Industrial Average surge more than 250 points to the highest in more than a month. The Nasdaq Composite was up for a third time in four days, just a few points shy of its own all-time peak, as Apple ( AAPL ) advanced ahead of its closely watched product release event Tuesday.
The positive tone was set early by overseas markets after North Korea's anniversary of the country's founding passed over the weekend with no new missile tests. And while Florida was battered by Irma, leaving millions without power, the hurricane was downgraded to a tropical storm on Monday and concerns about widespread damage ebbed.
The US dollar advanced against a basket of foreign currencies, Treasury yields rose and gold futures, seen as a haven investment in turbulent times, retreated. Gold mining stocks declined in step with bullion's losses, with Newmont ( NEM ) sliding 2.8% and Kinross ( KGC ) falling 3.2%.
But the day was mostly one of green, with reinsurers among the top performers on the S&P 500 as Irma continued to weaken as it headed into southern Georgia. Everest Re ( RE ) up 4.2% and XL Group ( XL ) gaining 5%. Travelers (TRV) gained 2.4% in one of the Dow's top increases.
Apple rose 1.8% ahead of the Tuesday event where a new iPhone is widely expected to be among a slate of products unveiled. That helped lift the information technology sector up 1.5% on the S&P. Chipmaker Nvidia (NVDA) climbed 3.2% and Cisco Systems (CSCO) rose 2.3% to aid in the Nasdaq's gains.
Here's where the markets stood by the close:
US MARKETS
Dow Jones Industrial Average was up 259.58 points (+1.19%)
S&P 500 was up 26.68 points (+1.08%)
Nasdaq Composite Index was up 72.07 points (+1.13%)
GLOBAL SENTIMENT
FTSE 100 was up 0.49%
Nikkei 225 was up 1.41%
Hang Seng Index was up 1.04%
Shanghai China Composite Index was up 0.33%
UPSIDE MOVERS
(+) TAHO (+33.55%) Escobal mining license reinstated by Guatemalan Supreme Court
(+) MRNS (+33.01%) Reported top-line data from ganaxolone study
(+) TEVA (+19.32%) Names new CEO after searching since February
(+) EYES (+16.51%) Board member reports beneficial ownership of 41.46%
(+) TA (+15.38%) Wins case against Fleetcor's Comdata over merchant fees
DOWNSIDE MOVERS
(-) EPIX (-35.4%) Prioritizes next-generation Aniten program for mCRPC over further clinical development of EP-506
(-) ACHN (-22.1%) Johnson & Johnson terminates hepatitis C deal with company
(-) AGI (-15.98%) Acquired Richmont Mines (RIC)
(-) SFM (-5.13%) Competitor Whole Foods' customer traffic jumps 25% in two days after Amazon (AMZN) takeover, Bloomberg reports
(-) JWN (-2.9%) Introduces Nordstrom Local, a smaller store concept that won't sell clothes
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
Copyright (C) 2016 MTNewswires.com. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
-- BGA Group Raises 2010 Export Forecast as Demand for German Products Rises
German exports will rise at the
fastest pace in a decade this year, led by demand for cars and
machinery from outside Europe, the BGA federation said today. Exports will grow by about 16 percent, pushing goods and
services sold abroad to a total value of 937 billion euros, the
Berlin-based group said today in an e-mailed statement, revising
up a forecast of about 10 percent from earlier this year.
Exports next year should grow by about 7 percent, causing the
sector to exceed the 1 trillion euro mark for the first time. To contact the reporter on this story:
Brian Parkin in Berlin at
bparkin@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Patrick Donahue at
pdonahue1@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Villette (1st edition).djvu/714
34 most diminutive. The senior mistress signified as much.
"Est-ce là tout?" was reiterated in an intonation which, deep before, had now descended some notes lower.
"Monsieur," said Mademoiselle St. Pierre, rising, and this time speaking with her own sweet smile, "I have the honour to tell you that, with a single exception, every person in classe has offered her bouquet. For Meess Lucie, Monsieur will kindly make allowance; as a foreigner, she probably did not know our customs, or did not appreciate their significance. Meess Lucie has regarded this ceremony as too frivolous to be honoured by her observance."
"Famous!" I muttered between my teeth; "you are no bad speaker, Zélie, when you begin."
The answer vouchsafed to Mademoiselle St. Pierre from the estrade, was given in the gesticulation of a Land from behind the pyramid. This manual action seemed to deprecate words, to enjoin silence.
A form, ere long, followed the hand. Monsieur emerged from his eclipse; and producing himself upon the front of his estrade, and gazing straight and fixedly before him at a vast "mappe-monde" | WIKI |
KBRY
KBRY (92.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Sargent, Nebraska, United States, the station is owned by the Nebraska Rural Radio Association.
Construction permit
In October 2012, the station, then called KHZZ, applied for a U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) construction permit to move to 92.3 MHz at a new transmitter site, increasing its effective radiated power to 100,000 watts and its height above average terrain to 254 meters. It also became a commercial station. The new license was issued by the FCC on July 16, 2014. | WIKI |
Page:Weird Tales v01n03 (1923-05).djvu/33
32 "Open!" shouted Anderson, "I should say not. Hardy and I hammered that pile of stone and we couldn’t make a dent in it. We never thought of trying the top. Finally Hardy slipped, a little dynamite under the column and we followed you down the stairway."
By degrees I got my strength back.
"Ready for some big news?" Anderson said, presently.
I nodded.
"All right, then. Hang on now. We came to South America to get scientific data, didn’t we?"
"Yes," I said.
"Well, that’s all gone by the board now," went on the young man. "We're going to explore the Caverns of the Ataruipe."
The "Caverns of the Ataruipe" meant precisely nothing to me.
"Listen to me," he explained. "The Ataruipe are a lost race of people. Hardy picked up the dope during the time he hung around Rio; he says the archives of the Brazilian government are full of old maps purporting to give the location of treasure; some of these maps were made in the fifteenth century and actually purport to show where the ElDorado may be found.
"It is said that in earlier days expedition after expedition was fitted out and despatched to find the 'Gilded King,' a chap whose people had such quantities of gold that they built their houses of the solid metal. But the best story of all is that of the Caverns of the Ataruipe, a race that lived more than a thousand years ago, and came from Asia; they were wonderful goldsmiths, possessing untold quantities of gems and all the precious metals. The legend is that the Ataruipe used to come in large numbers down the rivers to the coast to trade, scattering among the natives quantities of gold pieces of exquisite design such as had never before been seen; but that after a certain date no one ever saw them again; nor has anyone ever been able to locate the particular part of the country where they resided."
As the young man ran on a light began to dawn in my mind.
"And de Silva?" I interjected.
"Sure! You’ve struck it!" was Anderson's swift response. "Hardy says the officials long have felt that the Ataruipe came from hereabouts, and Hardy claims the Spaniard, representing some of them, suspects our expedition of searching for the treasure."
"Were the cuneiform inscriptions on the stone column examined?"
"Certainly," said Anderson. "Hardy got all that. I never saw him so interested before. He swears we have struck it rich."
Suddenly I realized that my throat was burning with thirst.
"How about some water?" I asked.
In a moment a brimming cup of the precious fluid was at my lips. I drank greedily and, I fear, with little thought as to the source of supply.
While we were yet discussing the altered aspect of our situation a voice hailed us, and we turned to discover Hardy just emerging from the hole that gaped where the triangular stone column had stood. Following him came Van Dusee and the rest of the party.
When all were safely out Hardy touched a match to the long fuse he had laid from a mine placed under the obstruction in the tunnel, which had prevented further progress. There came a dull boom, a whirl of air, and then all was still.
"Now, sir," announced Hardy. "In the morning we shall see what we shall see."
There was little sleep for any of us that night, and before dawn we were ready for the descent. My crippled arm made the way arduous for me, but it would have been doubly hard had not young Anderson lavished on me so splendidly his surplus strength. Eagerly our party trailed along that tunnel, led by Hardy and Van Dusee.
The dynamite had done its work well, as the passageway, which ever continued to descend, was entirely cleared. After journeying, as near as we could judge, about three-quarters of a mile, we came to a turn which appeared to be carrying us slowly upward and almost back in the direction from which we came.
I noted that our candles were burning brightly and that the air remained surprisingly fresh. There was little conversation. Once Hardy spoke abruptly to the halfbreed Gomez, who pressed forward a trifle precipitately.
The way grew suddenly light and I had about decided that the other end of the mysterious tunnel would terminate at the surface, when there came a cry from ahead.
"At last!" shouted Van Dusee.
We hurried forward, breathless with interest, and found ourselves confronted by a high but very narrow stile, consisting of six steps of some twenty-four inches each, and glaring down, with jaws wide-open and huge paws outstretched immediately over the apex, was a towering sculptured monster with brilliant green eyes.
The sight of that crouching beast, obviously placed there as a guard, was one to appall the stoutest heart. In turn, we passed under the stupendous overhanging paws, all save Gomez, making way with a display of confidence that we were far from feeling.
In a moment our blinking eyes beheld that for which we came: a gigantic cavern, nearly light as day. I think the wonder of that moment, as I became accustomed to the peculiar radiance of the light and my eyes took in the many evidences of an extinct, yet highly cultivated, life, will never leave me.
Row on row of seats in the form of a huge amphitheater lay in cathedral silence before our fascinated gaze. At the sides there extended beautifully-cut galleries, hewn out of the solid crystal rock and giving mute testimony of a civilization at least as ancient as that of the Greeks. Here and there the fresco-work was interrupted to-give place to heroic-sized figures in pure white marble as marvelously sculptured as anything that ever left the mallet of Praxiteles. There were scores of them!
High above, I was interested to note that the ceiling was of the same rock-formation that had crystal clearness, which accounted for the plentitude of light, as I was certain we were not more than a hundred feet below the surface.
Slowly we began a circuit of that wonder-home of a lost people. To the right lay a vaulted passage, and we came presently to that. It was darker here, and young Anderson and I, detaching ourselves from the rest of the party, made our way along it. We came soon to a circular series of highly ornamented chambers. Anderson was slightly in advance of me, and as he peered into the central and larger one of these I heard him draw in his breath sharply.
"Look at that!" he exclaimed, awe-struck.
My eyes followed his into the beautifully tapestried room, and there, seated in a high-backed, canopied, thronelike chair, extravagantly adorned with glistening jewels, was the figure of a man!
He was apparently in the full vigor of existence. The cast of his face was Mongolian. And he was smiling!
It was too lifelike! We drew back.
Then the certainty that he could not be living forced itself home; and we entered that sacrosanct interior. Scores of highly-colored tapestries were suspended from the walls, the exposed portions of which showed mural decorations finer than any I had ever seen before and which, in tint and conception, were essentially Oriental.
Closer view of the man who smiled at us showed a skin texture which even the | WIKI |
Python Challenge [9]
Since I’m less a fan of images than of working with content directly from a site, I added functionality to this challenge to grab the useful text directly.
I don’t seem to be much a fan of the Image library. As such, it took me longer than it should have to wrap my head around this one. It turns out that the a solution, using the ImageDraw function, makes me feel like an idiot. Draw.polygon is a pretty simple and fundamental way to build graphics and, after the fact, I can see several potential uses ranging from mapping to dynamic drawings.
Just for good measure, we might as well pull the list from the site using urllib, some regex and eval to make it a tuple.
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
import urllib, re, os
url = "http://huge:file@www.pythonchallenge.com/pc/return/good.html"
rawhtml = urllib.urlopen(url).read().replace('\n','')
raw = re.search('(([0-9]+),)+[0-9]+',rawhtml)
first_list = eval(raw.group(0))
#or in one line
first = eval(re.search('(([0-9]+),)+[0-9]+',urllib.urlopen(url).read().replace('\n','')).group(0))
second = eval(re.search('(?<=second:)(([0-9]+),)+[0-9]+',urllib.urlopen(url).read().replace('\n','')).group(0))
Ok, now that we have our tuples, on to the actual challenge.
img = Image.new('RGB', (500,500))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
draw.polygon(first,fill='white')
draw.polygon(second,fill='white')
img.save('09.jpg')
Check the image and mind the horns; I got a great laugh out of an improper solution to the puzzle, once I had the resulting image. Nice Easter egg. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Marc-André Grondin
Marc-André Grondin (born March 11, 1984) is a Canadian actor, known for his role as Xavier Laflamme in the 2011 ice hockey film Goon. He also played Zachary Beaulieu in Jean-Marc Vallée's film C.R.A.Z.Y. (2005), for which he won a Jutra Award for best actor. He was born in Montreal, Quebec.
Career
Grondin is known for his work in the film Les fleurs magiques, La belle bête, 5150 Elm's Way, Che and the television series Les super mamies, Sous un ciel variable and Nos étés. Grondin received a César in 2009 for his performance as Raphael in Le Premier Jour du Reste de ta Vie directed by Rémi Bezançon.
He played Frederic Bourdin, a French serial impostor, in the 2010 film The Chameleon, as well as French-Canadian hockey player "Xavier LaFlamme" in Goon (2011).
He was nominated for Best Actor at the 8th Canadian Screen Awards for his performance in Mafia Inc..
In other work, Grondin has served as a judge at the 2010 Festival du Nouveau Cinéma awards. | WIKI |
Citrix
How to Move Existing XenDesktop 5.x Database to New SQL Server
• CTX128365
• Created onMar 26, 2014
• Updated onApr 09, 2014
Article Topic Configuration, Migration, Third Party
Objective
This article describes how to move an existing XenDesktop database from one SQL server to another.
Instructions
Complete the following procedure to move an existing XenDesktop database from one SQL server to another:
1. Disconnect all Services from the existing database:
1. On each Desktop Delivery Controller (DDC) in the site, start PowerShell using the Run as administrator option.
2. Copy and paste the following code into the PowerShell window:
asnp Citrix.*
Set-ConfigDBConnection -DBConnection $null
Set-AcctDBConnection -DBConnection $null
Set-HypDBConnection -DBConnection $null
Set-ProvDBConnection -DBConnection $null
Set-PvsVmDBConnection -DBConnection $null
Set-BrokerDBConnection -DBConnection $null
3. Leave the PowerShell window open for Step 4.
2. Back up and restore the database:
For SQLExpress installations, run the following command at the cmd prompt on the DDC that contains the database:
sqlcmd -S LOCALHOST\SQLEXPRESS -q "Backup Database CitrixXenDesktopDB to disk = "database-backup-location-directory-path”” (example: C:\backup\test.bak)
For more information regarding backing up and restoring databases, see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190436.aspx.
1. Create Machine logins for all DDCs on the new database server:
1. Start SQL Server Management Studio or SQLCMD on the SQL server housing the restored database.
2. XenDesktop 5.x uses machine accounts of the DDC servers to access the database directly. Create machine account logins for each of the DDCs in the site.
3. Each of the machine accounts should have their Database role membership set to the following roles:
ADIdentitySchema_ROLE
chr_Broker
chr_Controller
ConfigurationSchema_ROLE
DesktopUpdateManagerSchema_ROLE
HostingUnitServiceSchema_ROLE
MachinePersonalitySchema_ROLE
1. Redirect DDCs to the new database:
1. At each DDC, copy and paste the following lines into the open PowerShell window where <dbserver> is the name of your SQL server and <dbname> is the name of the XenDesktop database:
Set-ConfigDBConnection -DBConnection "Server= dbserver;Database= dbname;Trusted_Connection=True"
Set-AcctDBConnection -DBConnection "Server= dbserver;Database= dbname;Trusted_Connection=True"
Set-HypDBConnection -DBConnection "Server= dbserver;Database= dbname;Trusted_Connection=True"
Set-ProvDBConnection -DBConnection "Server= dbserver;Database= dbname;Trusted_Connection=True"
Set-PvsVmDBConnection -DBConnection "Server= dbserver;Database= dbname;Trusted_Connection=True"
Set-BrokerDBConnection -DBConnection "Server= dbserver;Database= dbname;Trusted_Connection=True"
Note: If you are not using the default SQL Server instance, the Server= dbserver element should be specified as Server= dbserver\instancename. If you do not specify the instance name, you might see a message of Failed rather than OK when running the various preceding commands.
1. Start Desktop Studio to confirm that your site is fully operational.
Note: It is important to verify that all of the Set-<service>DBConnection commands mentioned have returned a result of OK. If a result other than OK is returned for any of these commands, it might be necessary to enable logging or tracing to determine the cause of the connection failure.
The XDDBDiag utility can be used to verify the consistency of your database after the move.
If any Virtual Desktop Agents were running when the DDC services were shut down in Step 1, then it could take up to 10 minutes before the Virtual Desktop Agents re-register. No other action is necessary.
Note: The preceding procedure and PowerShell commands must be run on every DDC in the Farm. If not, the Desktop Studio will not open.
Disclaimer
The above mentioned sample code is provided to you as is with no representations, warranties or conditions of any kind. You may use, modify and distribute it at your own risk. CITRIX DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, WRITTEN, ORAL OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, you acknowledge and agree that (a) the sample code may exhibit errors, design flaws or other problems, possibly resulting in loss of data or damage to property; (b) it may not be possible to make the sample code fully functional; and (c) Citrix may, without notice or liability to you, cease to make available the current version and/or any future versions of the sample code. In no event should the code be used to support of ultra-hazardous activities, including but not limited to life support or blasting activities. NEITHER CITRIX NOR ITS AFFILIATES OR AGENTS WILL BE LIABLE, UNDER BREACH OF CONTRACT OR ANY OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY, FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER ARISING FROM USE OF THE SAMPLE CODE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Although the copyright in the code belongs to Citrix, any distribution of the code should include only your own standard copyright attribution, and not that of Citrix. You agree to indemnify and defend Citrix against any and all claims arising from your use, modification or distribution of the code.
Automatic translation
Important: This article was translated by an automatic translation system (also referred to as Machine Translation, or MT) and has not been translated or reviewed by people. Citrix offers a machine translated version of this article to allow for greater access to the support content. However, automatic translation is not always perfect and may contain errors of vocabulary, syntax or grammar. Citrix is not responsible for inconsistencies, errors or damage incurred as a result of the use of MT articles from our customers.Thank you.
Click here to see the English version of this article.
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User:Marcusagexe
Subpages;
* User:Marcusagexe/Anything Goes Music Group
* User:Marcusagexe/Example one
* User:Marcusagexe/Example two
* User:Marcusagexe/Example three
* User:Marcusagexe/Any name you want to put here. No, really. Anything. | WIKI |
John Carlin (footballer)
John Carlin (1878 – 1935) was an English footballer who played as a striker for Liverpool in The Football League. He made his debut for Liverpool during the 1902–3 season, replacing the injured Sam Raybould in what was his only appearance of the season. During his four years at the club he appeared sporadically failing to claim a regular place in the team. He would later play for Preston North End. | WIKI |
Skip to the content of the web site.
Forward Substitution
Suppose that we are solving a system of n linear equations L x = b where L = (lij) is a lower-triangular matrix with no zero entries on the diagonal. The steps in solving for x = (xi) are:
For i = 1, 2, ..., n, in that order, let:
This is called forward substitution because we are starting with the first unknown x1 and, having solved for it, using it to solve for the next unknown x2, and so on. In Matlab, this may be done by the (poorly implemented) code:
n = length( b );
x = zeros( n, 1 );
for i=1:n
x(i) = b(i);
for j=1:(i - 1)
x(i) = x(i) - L(i, j)*x(j);
end
x(i) = x(i)/L(i, i);
end
Note that if we initialize the vector x to be the zero vector, then the sum is simply the dot product of the ith row of A dotted with x. Thus, we may code this algorithm in Matlab as:
n = length( b );
x = zeros( n, 1 );
for i=1:n
x(i) = ( b(i) - L(i, :)*x )/L(i, i);
end
Note: this is significantly faster than the previous implementation (and is also easier to remember).
In the special case where the diagonal entries of L are all zero, the above Matlab code simplifies to:
n = length( b );
x = zeros( n, 1 );
for i=1:n
x(i) = b(i) - L(i, :)*x;
end | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
8 Replies Latest reply on Nov 16, 2012 7:26 PM by 967252
Nullpointer exception with XMLParserv2-11.2.0.1.0 version and JDK1.6
967252
Hi,
I am receiving null pointer exception when using XMLParserv2-11.2.0.1.0.jar with Java and Oracle11g database while XSL transformation. However same code works with XMLParserv2-9.2.jar.
Please provide the possible cause.
• 1. Re: Nullpointer exception with XMLParserv2-11.2.0.1.0 version and JDK1.6
rp0428
>
I am receiving null pointer exception when using XMLParserv2-11.2.0.1.0.jar with Java and Oracle11g database while XSL transformation. However same code works with XMLParserv2-9.2.jar.
Please provide the possible cause.
>
Can you help me with my problem if all I say is this?
>
My car makes a funny noise when I rev the engine.
Please provide the possible cause.
>
What Java? Post the code.
What XSL? What XML? What is it you are doing?
What XMLParserv2-11.2.0.1.0 jar file? One of the several that comes as part of the database? Last I checked there are at least three DIFFERENT versions of that jar file that get installed as part of the database.
No one can help you if you don't provide information about what it is you are doing.
The obvious solution is USE THE XMLParserv2-9.2.jar file and don't use the other one. That's about all anyone can say without more specific info.
• 2. Re: Nullpointer exception with XMLParserv2-11.2.0.1.0 version and JDK1.6
967252
Sorry for the brief note. Here are the details:
I am migrating from oracle 10g to 11G version. SO I all XSU related jars such as XSU,XDB,XMLParserv2 to 11G version of jars.
JDK Version:1.6
Oracle database: 11gR2
XML ParserV2 version - 11.2.0.1.0
I am passing result set to OracleXMLQuery and XSL file which transforms to output xml. This was working code with 10G database , JDK1.5 and XMLParserv2-9.2.jar.
Code:
OracleXMLQuery xmlQuery = new OracleXMLQuery(aConnection, queryResults);
xmlQuery.keepObjectOpen(true);
xmlQuery.setRaiseException(true);
xmlQuery.useNullAttributeIndicator(false);
// set the xslt file
if (xslFile != null) {
InputStream is = getClass().getResourceAsStream(xslFile);
Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(is);
xmlQuery.setXSLT(reader, null);
reader.close();
is.close();
}
// get the xml string
xmlString = xmlQuery.getXMLString();
Below is the exception stack trace:
oracle.xml.sql.OracleXMLSQLException: java.lang.NullPointerException
at oracle.xml.sql.docgen.OracleXMLDocGenString.getXMLDocumentString(OracleXMLDocGenString.java:442)
at oracle.xml.sql.query.OracleXMLQuery.getXMLString(OracleXMLQuery.java:333)
at oracle.xml.sql.query.OracleXMLQuery.getXMLString(OracleXMLQuery.java:270)
at oracle.xml.sql.query.OracleXMLQuery.getXMLString(OracleXMLQuery.java:246)
Please let me know if you require any additional information
• 3. Re: Nullpointer exception with XMLParserv2-11.2.0.1.0 version and JDK1.6
rp0428
>
Please let me know if you require any additional information
>
Still need this info
>
What XMLParserv2-11.2.0.1.0 jar file? One of the several that comes as part of the database? Last I checked there are at least three DIFFERENT versions of that jar file that get installed as part of the database.
>
There are xsu and parser jars in the Oracle 11 dbhome/lib folder, xdk/lib folder, and sqldeveloper/lib folder and they aren't necessarily exactly the same versions or identical to each other.
None of those folders have an xdb jar.
There will definitely be issues with some functionality if you mix and match any of these. I reported one such issue in this thread
Re: oraxsl infinite loop using kutable.xsl and xml with default column value
• 4. Re: Nullpointer exception with XMLParserv2-11.2.0.1.0 version and JDK1.6
967252
Thanks for the information. I got this jar from DBA. I need to check with them and will update you.
• 5. Re: Nullpointer exception with XMLParserv2-11.2.0.1.0 version and JDK1.6
967252
Hi,
The XMLParserV2.jar is the version available in lib folder where database is installed. Its size is 1350KB.
• 6. Re: Nullpointer exception with XMLParserv2-11.2.0.1.0 version and JDK1.6
sb92075
964249 wrote:
Hi,
The XMLParserV2.jar is the version available in lib folder where database is installed. Its size is 1350KB.
I have a few to choose between
/home/oracle/.apex/8888/apex/WEB-INF/lib/xmlparserv2-11.2.0.jar
/home/oracle/datamodeler/datamodeler/lib/xmlparserv2.jar
/home/oracle/datamodeler/modules/oracle.xdk_11.1.0/xmlparserv2_sans_jaxp_services.jar
/home/oracle/datamodeler/modules/oracle.xdk_11.1.0/xmlparserv2_jaxp_services.jar
/home/oracle/datamodeler/modules/oracle.xdk_11.1.0/xmlparserv2.jar
/home/oracle/sqldeveloper/modules/oracle.xdk_11.1.0/xmlparserv2_sans_jaxp_services.jar
/home/oracle/sqldeveloper/modules/oracle.xdk_11.1.0/xmlparserv2_jaxp_services.jar
/home/oracle/sqldeveloper/modules/oracle.xdk_11.1.0/xmlparserv2.jar
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/JDeveloper/jdeveloper/modules/oracle.xdk_11.1.0/xmlparserv2.jar
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/lib/xmlparserv2_sans_jaxp_services.jar
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/lib/xmlparserv2_jaxp_services.jar
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/lib/xmlparserv2.jar
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/oc4j/lib/xmlparserv2.jar
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/oui/jlib/lib/xmlparserv2.jar
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/oui/jlib/jlib/xmlparserv2.jar
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/oui/jlib/xmlparserv2.jar
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/xdk/lib/xmlparserv2_sans_jaxp_services.jar
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/xdk/lib/xmlparserv2_jaxp_services.jar
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/xdk/lib/xmlparserv2.jar
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/sysman/jlib/ocm/xmlparserv2.jar
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/ccr/lib/xmlparserv2.jar
/home/oracle/tmp/apex/apex/WEB-INF/lib/xmlparserv2-11.2.0.jar
• 7. Re: Nullpointer exception with XMLParserv2-11.2.0.1.0 version and JDK1.6
rp0428
>
The XMLParserV2.jar is the version available in lib folder where database is installed. Its size is 1350KB
>
You need to make sure that all of those jars are from the same set. If the parser jar is from the dbhome/lib folder then the xsu jar should be from there also.
And, as I said, none of those folders have an xdb jar file so it could be the wrong version.
I never got an answer at all as to why Oracle ships three different sets of jars with the DB especially since some of the jars show the same version but are actually different. I think those dbhome/lib, xdk/lib and sqldeveloper/lib folders and content are managed by separate groups.
You could also try different copies of those jar files to see if that solves the problem.
Is there any reason why you can just use JDK 1.5 and the jars (XMLParserv2-9.2.jar file that used to work? Just put the jar versions that used to work in a project folder and add them to the classpath you are using instead of using the ones that dont' work.
• 8. Re: Nullpointer exception with XMLParserv2-11.2.0.1.0 version and JDK1.6
967252
Sorry for the delay.. It took some time for me to get the various version of jars. Finally the version of jars in sqldeveloper folder worked. Thank you for your guidance and help.
We are upgrading to Oracle-11G and JDK-1.6 and hence wanted to use 11G version of jars. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Side-group size effects on interfaces and glass formation in supported polymer thin films
WJ Xia and J Song and DD Hsu and S Keten, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, 146, 203311 (2017).
DOI: 10.1063/1.4976702
Recent studies on glass-forming polymers near interfaces have emphasized the importance of molecular features such as chain stiffness, side- groups, molecular packing, and associated changes in fragility as key factors that govern the magnitude of T-g changes with respect to the bulk in polymer thin films. However, how such molecular features are coupled with substrate and free surface effects on Tg in thin films remains to be fully understood. Here, we employ a chemically specific coarse-grained polymer model for methacrylates to investigate the role of side-group volume on glass formation in bulk polymers and supported thin films. Our results show that bulkier side-groups lead to higher bulk Tg and fragility and are associated with a pronounced free surface effect on overall Tg depression. By probing local Tg within the films, however, we find that the polymers with bulkier side-groups experience a reduced confinement-induced increase in local Tg near a strongly interacting substrate. Further analyses indicate that this is due to the packing frustration of chains near the substrate interface, which lowers the attractive interactions with the substrate and thus lessens the surface-induced reduction in segmental mobility. Our results reveal that the size of the polymer side-group may be a design element that controls the confinement effects induced by the free surface and substrates in supported polymer thin films. Our analyses provide new insights into the factors governing polymer dynamics in bulk and confined environments. Published by AIP Publishing.
Return to Publications page | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Steady Eddy
Article move
I think this article would be more suited at Steady Eddy. I'd estimate far more people would know Mr Widdows by his stage name rather than his actual name. -- Longhair 17:07, 20 April 2006 (UTC)
* Agreed! -- Chuq 23:54, 20 April 2006 (UTC)
* Moved to 'Steady Eddy'. -- Longhair 01:37, 3 May 2006 (UTC)
The word 'Spastic'
The word 'Spastic' should not be used. The reason is that in many parts of the world, that word is used in the Pejorative sense, intended as a derogatory insult. An anonymous IP user has inserted the word a number of times (eg, #1, #2, #3) into this article. I ask that user to cease adding that word to this article. Lester 19:49, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
* However, the substitute term offered, 'differently abled' is unclear in meaning and intent. I propose the re-instatement of the term 'spastic' due to its technical accuracy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:21, 19 February 2009 (UTC)
* Sorry, but derogatory terms are not "accurate". Lester 20:05, 19 February 2009 (UTC)
The term 'spastic' is the medical term applied to the condition, and certainly is more accurate than the confusing term 'differently abled'. If you cannot follow this, then I propose that you are 'differently abled', a statement that rapidly demonstrates how this term is no better in its derogatory connotations. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:14, 4 March 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
The Americans season 5 finale: “The Soviet Division” leaves us arguing over the point of this next-to-last season
Every week, some of Vox’s writers will gather to discuss the latest episode of FX’s spy drama The Americans. This week, a variety of writers offer their takes on the season five finale, “The Soviet Division.” Todd VanDerWerff: I had two thoughts upon finishing “The Soviet Division”: “Oh, I get what they were going for now!” and “That was it?!” To be sure, that second thought only flitted through my brain for a couple of seconds, before I started thinking through the implications of an utterly gutted Philip being forced to stay in the US to handle One Last Job (which, if you’re familiar with stories about “One Last Job,” they rarely turn out well), and Elizabeth doing her best to hold everything else together. And “The Soviet Division” was such an engrossing finale overall — sort of the opposite of season four’s less immediately gripping “Persona Non Grata” — that I let it slide all the same. Still, when I talked to showrunners Joe Weisberg and Joel Fields (for an interview running Wednesday morning), they indicated to me that this season was less buildup for The Americans’ final 10 episodes than I had expected. Indeed, they had meant for it to mostly be a standalone season. Viewed in that light, season five still can’t quite compete with the last three, but it starts to gain more shape as a story of two people who shouldn’t be doing this job anymore but don’t really see any escape routes. Even the idea of returning to the Soviet Union rings hollow. We know the country is about to collapse, and Philip and Elizabeth’s belief that Paige and especially Henry would eventually adjust seems ... optimistic to me. (Besides, aren’t both kids US citizens, having been born here? I’m sure being the children of Soviet spies would complicate an eventual return to America, but you’d have to think they’d have certain allegiances to the only country they’ve known.) Thus, “The Soviet Division” balances, surprisingly nimbly, season five wrap-up with a handful of setup moments for season six, perhaps none more ominous than Renée suggesting that maybe Stan should just stick around at the FBI after all. What did you all think of this as a capstone to the season? Genevieve Koski: “Satisfying” is not the word I would use to describe “The Soviet Division,” that’s for sure. But it is intriguing, which is maybe more appropriate for a show that loves to keep threads dangling (ahem, Kimmy), the better to pick them back up once we’ve let down our guard. But — speaking of threads getting picked back up! — this finale did strike one roundly satisfying note, in the form of Martha being presented with the option of adopting a Russian orphan. Given that her misbegotten desire for a child with Clark was one of the falling dominoes that ultimately led to her current predicament, it’s a nice suggestion of a future bright spot in her current dreary situation, even if it does have the whiff of manipulation about it. The idea of a Russian child being what allows Martha to finally feel at home in the Soviet Union also provides a funhouse-mirror version of the “what if” scenario Philip and Elizabeth are pondering in bringing their American children home with them, as well as the horrifying predicament the Morozov family finds itself in following Pasha’s suicide attempt. To put it in Pastor Tim lingo, all of these children are, in some way or another, staring down the “challenges that will shape them,” challenges bestowed upon them by their parents. Given all that, there’s a stinging irony to Elizabeth’s suggestion to Tuan — in some ways, her adopted child — that he needs to “have them send you someone.” She insists to him that without a partner in the field, and presumably in life as well, his work will be harder and he will fail. But having a partner, and children with that partner, has become a bigger and bigger complicating factor in Elizabeth’s work, to the point where it’s left her and Philip with no good options for themselves or their children. Tuan seems to take her advice seriously — but should he? Todd: BTW, that orphan Martha might adopt is the most adorable child ever, which overrode my initial, “Oh, come on!” objections to the story. Caroline Framke: Whoever orchestrated this opportunity for Martha knew exactly what they were doing when they tied that kid’s pigtails with ribbons. They knew. That being said, I truly wanted to come away from the season finale with a reaction other than “Oh, come on” ... and I just couldn’t do it. This is the endgame this stuttering season has been building toward all along?! I unfortunately think I might’ve been more willing to give it some slack if you hadn’t mentioned that The Americans’ producers viewed season five as a (mostly) standalone season, Todd, because I’m truly confused by that. Season five spent more time looking ahead to its final act than tracking its week-to-week conflicts, making it that much harder to care about them. I can understand if this season was purposely scattered to send the Jennings family in a dozen directions and wear them out for the last stretch. And I do genuinely admire — and always have — that The Americans finds drama and pathos in even the seemingly smallest of conversations. But when considering this season on its own contained merits, I can’t say I’ll remember much of anything specific about season five so much as the ripple effects it will undoubtedly have in season six. Okay wait, I lied, I’ll remember one thing: Paige becoming an unlikely steel trap of nerves. Not only can she take a punch without blinking much at all (a fact that, unsurprisingly, unnerved Philip more than it did Elizabeth), but she’s also shown a knack for sneaking around on her own. That moment where she snuck off to a parked car in some godforsaken parking lot was more intriguing than the entire rest of the episode put together, and I’m not even sure it meant anything at all. Jen Trolio: Caroline, I had that exact suspicious response when Paige got into the car — my very first assumption was that she was somehow going rogue and that she wasn’t going to come home. Or wait, that’s not quite true; my first assumption, given that we’d recently witnessed Paige’s mini training montage (which I loved so much, by the way), was that she was going to get jumped in that parking lot in a repeat of the incident from last season where Elizabeth killed a man in front of her, and we were going to see her put her new fighting skills to use. It looked to me like Paige was in the same place where that very scene unfolded, back before she knew what Elizabeth, not to mention she herself, was capable of. But after watching again, I think she was simply headed home from her evening at the church/food pantry with Pastor Tim — less exciting, though another indicator of how The Americans has us all amped up waiting for something bigger to happen. And that’s generally how I felt when watching “The Soviet Division”: Ah, okay, here’s where things start picking up. But then they didn’t, really. Essentially, I too walked away from the finale thinking it was all a table setter for season six, which indeed makes it especially confusing to hear that season five was supposed to operate on kind of a standalone basis. I almost wonder if, in “training” us to watch The Americans in a certain way for so long, the show’s creative team undercut themselves a bit, and closed off the opportunity to try any different approaches. Maybe they wanted season five to be slower and more standalone, and every week they’ve got us asking when something’s going to happen. At any rate, I think this episode is going to function as something of a table setter no matter its intentions. I keep going back to something Stan said when he was talking to Renée about possibly quitting the FBI: “It just feels shitty. I’m tired of feeling shitty.” That line feels like something of a mission statement for a lot of characters on The Americans right now. And I think the sentiment behind it is definitely going to play into however the show wraps things up in season six. Genevieve: I’m fascinated that both of you picked out that shot of Paige in the parking lot as a setup for some big action that never arrived, when I thought it was clearly included for thematic/summarization purposes, not narrative ones. It occurred within a musical montage, something The Americans uses more to underscore its Big Narrative Themes than to introduce action (though it sometimes does the latter as well), and to me, that’s clearly what this one — set to “Goodbye Yellow Brick Road” — was angling for. As the Elton John song plays, we watch Stan bid farewell to racquetball buddy Philip and embrace his new partner, Renée, whom Philip still regards with suspicion; we see Elizabeth pondering the well-stocked closet and cushy American home she’s now realizing, as she considers leaving it behind, she’s become surprisingly accustomed to; and we see Paige leaving church to walk through the very parking lot she and her mother were accosted in — after taking a moment to brace herself, she walks to her car and drives away, brushing aside the trauma of that earlier event with the steely reserve her mother has instilled in her through training. Basically, the “Goodbye Yellow Brick” road montage functions exactly as I’d want a season-concluding Americans montage to function, showing us how our primary characters have developed this season, and subtly indicating what challenges still lie ahead. In case you can’t tell, I loved that montage — as I almost always love The Americans’ musical montages — but it highlights something that I did find the show somewhat lacking in this season: memorable musical moments. Aside from this one and the use of Bauhaus’s “Slice of Life” in “Darkroom,” I’m hard-pressed to remember any great music cues from this season, and I wonder if that may be contributing to the sense that this season felt just a little “off” by The Americans’ (admittedly high) standards. Caroline: I also really liked that “Goodbye Yellow Brick Road” sequence! So much so that I can admit I was probably looking for more significance in Paige’s shuffling walk than was maybe there — but like Jen said, that’s kind of been my experience with this entire season, after all. While I’m at it, though, I might as well talk a little about the big development that did happen in this episode. Philip overhearing on the tapes he routinely swipes from Kimmy’s house that her father is now going to head up the CIA’s Soviet Division (hence the episode title) is a huge revelation, and one that reverses the Jenningses’ plans in a second flat once Philip tells Elizabeth about it. And yet I still couldn’t bring myself to react to it like the eleventh-hour twist it’s supposed to be. After all of Philip and Elizabeth’s agonizing, after all their back and forth with the Centre on whether or not going back to Moscow would be the right call, this single moment upending everything felt anticlimactic. But that’s The Americans for us, isn’t it? A single twist of fate in even the seemingly quietest of moments can shatter plans, deal death, cast everything in a whole new light. Season five doubled down on that idea hard, squeezing most of its drama out of whispered conversations and furtive glances rather than the high-stakes action sequences the show has leaned into from time to time in the past. So while I can’t say I enjoyed this season, I do respect where it came from. Todd: Respecting season five without quite loving it is where I am, too, Caroline, though I think I liked it better on the whole than you did. (I have a tendency to love deliberately isolating seasons of TV, against my better judgment — ask me about the Lost finale sometime, or, better, the Battlestar Galactica finale.) I think the emotional throughline it reached for was perhaps a touch too muted to really carry everything, but it was nonetheless fascinating to watch an entire season of TV about getting sick of being a character in a TV show (very Sopranos-y). And yet there are a ton of indelible moments in this season all the same. That final confrontation with the Nazi collaborator, say, or the rush to save Pasha’s life, or even something as mundane as Paige taking off her little cross necklace. It feels like this season was full of tiny Rubicons being crossed, even if no one in the world of The Americans quite realizes what they’ve done just yet. So for as much as Weisberg and Fields say that this season should, in some way, stand on its own, I still think it will stand out as something quite different when viewed via the prism of the whole picture. I’m confident we’ve just witnessed the last time when everyone on the show could still change things. Now, with the decision to stay in the US, Philip and Elizabeth have made their bed, and they’re going to lie in it. At least they’ll be lying (in all senses of the word) together. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Al-Dalu family killing/Archives/2013/March
HRW investigation
Considering that the army corrected itself on the day of the incident about killing "Rabea"(the name spelled differently in all 3 sources), how relevant is HRW investigation a month later saying that they couldn't find "Rabea" on the list killed fighters on the official websites belonging to the military wings? (keep inmind this article is about 'Al-Dalu family') --Mor2 (talk) 16:06, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* I agree, and in general, we should avoid citing self published sources such as HRW press releases. Our aim should be to use reliable secondary sources to help us in giving due weight to each viewpoint. Marokwitz (talk) 12:11, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
Restored neutral version
I have reverted edits made by Guinsberg because they removed content that I added to provide context to the article and because they restored POV content previously removed by Marokwit. - MrX 14:23, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
* I had to revert your contributions because a lot of content was left out by yours and Markowitz' edits. To me, you were sacrificing, not adding, relevant information. Also, I'd like to know what is it that is being perceived as POV on the entry. Markowitz most important contribution was delete the "NYT controversy" section under the claim that it wasn't NPOV or something to that effect. The relevance of the section to the rest of the article is clear, in my view. I'd like to learn more about your objections. Myself, I think the views and allegations of all concerned parties - specially al-Dalu family members and the IDF - are well represented throughout the entry. By the way, I'd like to thank you MrX for warning me over the reversion rules before taking a meaure against me. Guinsberg (talk) 14:34, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
* Why did you remove the background section that I had started? It seems that all you did was undo other edits to restore your favored version with no regard to the value of edits made by other editors. Also, please see the big yellow warning above and the 3RR vio warning on your talk page. Usually, if an editor self-reverts, they can avoid going to WP:ANEW. - MrX
* The one thing the "Background" added was that it identified the Israei jets as F16s. The rest of it contained only information already on the lead of the article. Considering the entry's diminutive size, I don't see why put the same information on different places of the entry. Guinsberg (talk) 14:50, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
* Yes, I thought the weapon was of some importance and intended to expand the background section. This does not really address the edit warring though. Being right or righteous does not justify this kind of editing, especially when other editors are trying to improve the article so it does not get tossed into the delete bin. - MrX 15:01, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
* Please, add the weaponry information again. I apologize for having removed it in the first place. And you're right about my conduct. But I still think the information could be added already on the lead of the article, so as to avoid repeating the same information throughout the entry. Guinsberg (talk) 15:06, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
* I can't reinsert the information I added without violating the 1RR. - MrX 15:13, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
* If consensus is created to reinsert, it certainly wouldn't be considered a violation. Ryan Vesey 21:01, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
Regarding criticism of the NYT
* On the topic of NYT, there's no way it's relevant to this article. In addition, we are using one source to accuse a living person as being racist (among other things). This clearly violates Biographies of living persons. I've removed it as a BLP violation but will take it to Biographies of living persons/Noticeboard on request. Ryan Vesey 21:01, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
* Agree. Criticism of the NYT is completely off topic. This should be an encyclopedic article about the killing of the Dalu family. Marokwitz (talk) 21:33, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
* Disagree. Criticism pertains to the most significant article that the NYT produced on the deaths, and the description of funereal services by the correspondent. In my view, the section's link and relevant to the overall entry is clear. (By the way, the recent edits by IP number <IP_ADDRESS> are my own). Guinsberg (talk) 02:20, 4 December 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
Sultan Mahmud (minister)
Sultan Mahmud (1900 – 1982) was a politician from Arakan, Burma (now Rakhine State, Myanmar). In the British Raj (which included Burma Province until 1937), Mahmud served as cabinet secretary in the Central Legislative Assembly. After Burmese independence, he was elected to the Parliament of Burma through a by election from Buthidaung in 1957. He was re-elected in 1960. He served as Minister of Health of the Union of Burma from 1960 till the 1962 Burmese coup d'état.
When Burma was considering becoming a federal state under Prime Minister U Nu's "unity in diversity" policies, Mahmud proposed that Arakanese Indians should either have a separate province covering the area between the Naf and Kaladan Rivers; or if a separate Arakan province is established with Arakanese Buddhists, it should have a confessionalist structure, with Muslims and Buddhists alternating as provincial governor.
Early life
Mahmud was born in Akyab in 1900. He was educated in Calcutta.
Political career
When Burma was a part of British India, Mahmud held the important post of cabinet secretary in the Central Legislative Assembly in New Delhi. During a by-election in 1957, Mahmud was elected to the Union Parliament from Buthidaung North constituency. He was appointed health minister in the cabinet of Prime Minister of Burma U Nu. Mahmud was re-elected during the 1960 Burmese general election. He was head of a Arakanese Muslim Association and Arakanese Muslims Organization.
Mr. Mahmud was arrested by the British after the war because he participated in the Indian liberation movement and helped Japanese forces and BAI forces to entered Arakan during the war. He was sentenced for ten months at the Jhingergacha jail, Josore. He was freed after Japan forces surrendered. In 1962, after dictator U Ne Win coup, minister Mahmud escaped and asylum in East Pakistan. He returned to his country in 1970.
During his tenure as health minister, several hospitals were established in Arakan, including the Akyab General Hospital and Buthidaung Hospital. As an MP, Mahmud persuaded the education ministry to establish several schools, including the Shaheb Bazaar State Middle School and Minglagyi State Middle School. He also managed to create a scholarship program for Arakanese Indian students to study in Britain.
Statehood question
After winning in the 1960 general election, Prime Minister U Nu appointed an Inquiry Commission to study whether Arakan Division should be granted statehood. The commission found that most Arakanese Buddhists supported statehood, whereas most Arakanese Indians (Muslim majority) opposed statehood. Sultan Mahmud proposed that a state for Arakanese Indians be established in the northern part of Arakan, where Indians were a majority. Mahmud cited the Mughal Empire's expeditions up till the Kaladan River under Shaista Khan in 1666 as forming the basis of the boundary between Arakanese Muslims and Buddhists. The Kaladan River divided Muslim-majority and Buddhist-majority areas.
Memorandum
On 20 October 1960, Sultan Mahmud and his colleagues submitted a memorandum to the Statehood Consultative Committee. The memorandum laid down two conditions for statehood: 1) if the Arakanese Buddhists would support their demands; and 2) if the constitution of the proposed province would include adequate safeguards for Indian autonomy. The governor of the new state would alternate between Indians and Arakanese Buddhists.
The proposal mentioned that if the governor of a state was a Muslim, then the Speaker of the State Council would have to be a non-Muslim, but his deputy, a Muslim; and vice versa. The same arrangement would apply to most other elected or appointed public bodies. The memorandum called for freedom of religion, including freedom to learn religious studies in educational institutions, according to personal beliefs. Arakanese Indians should be allowed to develop the Rohingya language and culture. The chief executive would have a designated officer to oversee the affairs of Arakanese Indians. | WIKI |
Melih Esenbel
Melih Rauf Esenbel (March 15, 1915 – July 27, 1995) was a Turkish diplomat and former Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Early years
Melih Rauf was born 1915 in Istanbul. He was educated in law at Istanbul University following his graduation from Galatasaray High School.
In 1936, he entered in the service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a probationary clerk. He left the post in 1937 due to his conscription.
Esenbel reentered the ministry after completing his military service in 1938, working first in the Economy Department and then in 1939 in the Commerce Department. The same year, he was appointed chancellor of the embassy in Paris, France. In 1940, he was promoted to the post of Third Secretary. After becoming Second Secretary in Paris, he returned home in 1943 to serve in the Protocols Department of the ministry. Esenbel worked first as Secondary Secretary, and later was promoted to Department Director.
In 1945, Esenbel was appointed principal secretary to the counselor at the embassy of Washington, D.C., United States, where he served also as counselor some time later.
From 1952 on, his further posts were at the ministry in Ankara, where he filled several executive positions becoming finally Secretary General of the ministry in 1957.
On February 17, 1959, Esenbel, in his capacity as the secretary general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accompanied Prime Minister Adnan Menderes (in office 1950-1960), who was on the way to London, UK, to sign the London Agreement on the Cyprus issue with British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and Greek Prime Minister Constantine Karamanlis. The charter flight of the Turkish Airlines carrying eight crew and a delegation of 18 government officials from Ankara via Istanbul and Rome, Italy, to London was diverted to Gatwick Airport due to poor visibility at Heathrow. The aircraft of type Vickers Viscount crashed in a wood during its final approach to land in extensive fog, and caught fire. Five of the crew and nine of the passengers died in the crash while Melih Esenbel was among the survivors with light injuries only. The prime minister survived without any injury.
Career
In 1960, he served as Ambassador to Washington, D.C. from March 24 to October 28. Returned to Turkey, Esenbel became High Counselor to the Secretary General on December 1, 1960.
Esenbel's next foreign position took him to Tokyo, Japan, where he acted as ambassador from January 1, 1963, to January 1, 1966. On January 9, 1967, he was appointed the second time to the Embassy in the USA serving at this post until November 1, 1974.
Prime minister Sadi Irmak, who was tasked by President Fahri Korutürk with forming of a caretaker government, appointed Melih Esenbel as Minister of Foreign Affairs. He served at this post from November 13, 1974, until March 30, 1975, the resignation of the cabinet due to a vote of no confidence in the parliament.
On April 1, the same year, Esenbel became for the third time Ambassador to Washington, D.C., where he acted until July 14, 1979. After completion of his duty in the USA, he returned home and was promoted to Minister-Counselor. On August 23, 1979, Melih Esenbel retired.
Personal life
Melih Esenbel died on July 27, 1995, in Istanbul. He was survived by his wife Emine and his two children. He was laid to rest at the family grave in Yahya Effendi Tekkesi graveyard. | WIKI |
Port Huron Hospital – a leader in healing, your partner in health.
Sleeping Well
1. Good Night, Sleep Tight
Insomnia, trouble falling asleep or trouble sleeping, is a growing problem in the United States.
2. Insomnia
If you experience difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or enjoying a restful night's sleep, you may be suffering from insomnia.
3. Overview of Sleep Problems
Sleep is essential to physical and emotional health. Adequate sleep may also play a role in helping the body recover from illness and injury.
4. Paybacks for Lost Sleep
Do you have sleep debt? Lack of sleep, or "sleep debt," can leave you feeling tired, listless and sleepy on a daily basis.
5. Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea is a breathing disorder in which a person experiences brief interruptions of breathing during sleep.
6. Why the Doctor Treats Snoring Seriously
The movies and television depict snoring as funny, even hilarious. But snoring is no joke: It's a medical problem that can have serious health and social implications. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
2023 Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council election
The 2023 election to Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council was held on 18 May 2023, alongside other local elections in Northern Ireland, two weeks after local elections in England. The Northern Ireland elections were delayed by 2 weeks to avoid overlapping with the coronation of King Charles III.
The election returned 40 members to the council via Single Transferable Vote. This consisted of 14 Democratic Unionist Party members (who topped the polls in three districts: Castlereagh East, Downshire East and Lisburn South), 13 Alliance Party members (who topped the polls in two districts: Castlereagh South and Downshire West), 6 Ulster Unionist Party members, 4 Sinn Féin members (who topped the polls in two districts: Killultagh and Lisburn North), 2 Social Democratic and Labour Party members and 1 Independent member.
Election results
* colspan="2" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;text-align:center;margin-bottom:-1px;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:.2em .4em" |
* style="text-align:right;" | 40
* style="text-align:right;" | 56,404
* style="text-align:right;" | 56,404
* style="text-align:right;" | 56,404
* style="text-align:right;" | 56,404
* style="text-align:right;" | 56,404
* style="text-align:right;" | 56,404
* style="text-align:right;" | 56,404
Note: "Votes" are the first preference votes.
Districts summary
!rowspan=2 align="left"|District Electoral Area (DEA) ! %
* - class="unsortable" align="centre"
!Cllrs
! %
!Cllrs
! %
!Cllrs
! %
!Cllrs
! %
!Cllrs
! %
!Cllrs
!rowspan=2|Total cllrs
!colspan=2 bgcolor="" | DUP !colspan=2 bgcolor="" | Alliance !colspan=2 bgcolor="" | UUP !colspan=2 bgcolor="" | Sinn Féin !colspan=2 bgcolor=""| SDLP !colspan=2 bgcolor="white"| Independents and others
* - class="unsortable" align="center"
* align="left"|Castlereagh East
* bgcolor="#D46A4C"|50.92
* bgcolor="#D46A4C"|3
* 30.78
* 2
* 9.03
* 1
* 0.00
* 0
* 0.00
* 0
* 9.28
* 0
* 6
* align="left"|Castlereagh South
* 15.05
* 1
* bgcolor="#F6CB2F"|32.36
* bgcolor="#F6CB2F"|3 1
* 7.46
* 0 1
* 21.61
* 2 1
* 17.05
* 1
* 6.92
* 0 1
* 7
* align="left"|Downshire East
* bgcolor="#D46A4C"|41.34
* bgcolor="#D46A4C"|2
* 30.06
* 2 1
* 17.47
* 1 1
* 0.00
* 0
* 4.51
* 0
* 5.73
* 0
* 5
* align="left"|Downshire West
* bgcolor="#D46A4C"|40.19
* bgcolor="#D46A4C"|2
* 36.62
* 2 1
* 17.26
* 1 1
* 4.21
* 0
* 0.00
* 0
* 1.73
* 0
* 5
* align="left"|Killultagh
* bgcolor="#D46A4C"|33.49
* bgcolor="#D46A4C"|2
* 22.22
* 1
* 15.66
* 1
* 23.36
* 1
* 4.34
* 0
* 0.93
* 0
* 5
* align="left"|Lisburn North
* bgcolor="#D46A4C"|26.47
* bgcolor="#D46A4C"|1 1
* 23.61
* 1
* 13.65
* 1 1
* 14.67
* 1 1
* 11.07
* 1
* 10.54
* 1 1
* 6
* align="left"|Lisburn South
* bgcolor="#D46A4C"|38.20
* bgcolor="#D46A4C"|3
* 23.81
* 2 1
* 19.95
* 1 1
* 6.58
* 0
* 6.30
* 0
* 5.16
* 0
* 6
* - class="unsortable" class="sortbottom" style="background:#C9C9C9"
* align="left"| Total
* 34.02
* 14 1
* 28.48
* 13 4
* 13.97
* 6 5
* 10.98
* 4 2
* 6.69
* 2
* 5.87
* 1
* 40
* }
* 4 2
* 6.69
* 2
* 5.87
* 1
* 40
* }
* }
Castlereagh East
2019: 3 x DUP, 2 x Alliance, 1 x UUP
2023: 3 x DUP, 2 x Alliance, 1 x UUP
2019–2023 Change: No change
Castlereagh South
2019: 2 x Alliance, 1 x DUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x UUP, 1 x Green
2023: 3 x Alliance, 2 x Sinn Féin, 1 x DUP, 1 x SDLP
2019–2023 Change: Alliance and Sinn Féin gain from Green and UUP
Downshire East
2019: 2 x DUP, 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance
2023: 2 x DUP, 2 x Alliance, 1 x UUP
2019–2023 Change: Alliance gain from UUP
Downshire West
2019: 2 x DUP, 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance
2023: 2 x DUP, 2 x Alliance, 1 x UUP
2019–2023 Change: Alliance gain from UUP
Killultagh
2019: 2 x DUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin
2023: 2 x DUP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x Alliance, 1 x UUP
2019–2023 Change: No change
Lisburn North
2019: 2 x DUP, 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x SDLP
2023: 1 x DUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Independent
2019–2023 Change: Sinn Féin and Independent gain from DUP and UUP
Lisburn South
2019: 3 x DUP, 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance
2023: 3 x DUP, 2 x Alliance, 1 x UUP
2019–2023 Change: Alliance gain from UUP | WIKI |
HC Vilnius
HC Vilnius is a team handball club from Vilnius, Lithuania. Currently club is competing in Lithuanian Handball League.
Accomplishments
* LHL:1st
* 2006 | WIKI |
XPO Logistics Is Shedding Its Logistics: Here's What It Means for Shareholders
XPO Logistics (NYSE: XPO) management has been complaining about the company's valuation for more than a year now. On Dec. 2, they announced plans to do something about it.
The transportation company, cobbled together over the last decade by CEO and rollup specialist Brad Jacobs, announced plans to spin its contract logistics operations off as a separate publicly traded company.
XPO officials have long said the stock suffers from a so-called conglomerate discount, with the shares trading at a lower multiple than pure-play operators. The hope is that post-split each company will have a simpler story to tell, attracting more investor interest. It's also a chance for XPO to refinance and rework its debt, hopefully moving both businesses into investment-grade credit ratings.
Transport valuation multiple data by YCharts
Investors knew a split was possible (we predicted it was coming back in August), but should they be excited or worried about what lies ahead? Here are some thoughts about what XPO's plan means for shareholders.
A pure-play e-commerce logistics specialist
The business to be spun out would rank as the world's second largest contract logistics provider, with about 200 million square feet of warehouse space and operations in 27 countries.
Even prior to the pandemic, large businesses were increasingly outsourcing much of their warehousing and supply chains, and the COVID-related boost in e-commerce has only accelerated that trend. XPO's Direct offering attempts to help retailers compete with Amazon by providing a suite of products from warehousing to delivery.
Image source: XPO Logistics.
Few retailers have the scale to compete with Amazon directly, but the combined scale of XPO Direct helps even the playing field. In the coming quarters the logistics business will also play a role in the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines.
The logistics business accounted for about 36% of XPO's $16.6 billion in 2019 revenue, but with the growth in e-commerce in 2020 it is likely the faster-growing segment of the business. It's a way for an investor to gain exposure to megatrends in retail without paying the sky-high multiples the market is currently attaching to companies like Shopify.
A tech-infused trucking company
The remaining company ranks as the third largest provider of less-than-truckload (LTL) transport in North America, and the second largest truck brokerage in the world. LTL is a difficult -- but if done right, lucrative -- part of the trucking market, requiring operators to take packages from multiple customers to multiple locations instead of simply hauling an entire load from point A to point B.
XPO became a major LTL player five years ago when it bought Con-Way, and in the years since that acquisition the company has doubled the business's earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA). The operating ratio -- a measure of operating expenses compared to net sales -- has improved by about 10% since the acquisition.
Amazon has recently made headlines for trying to bring tech to truck brokerage, but XPO -- via investments of about $500 million annually in IT -- is already there. Its Connect product has proven sticky with truck drivers as an online brokerage that helps drivers fill their trucks and reduce unprofitable miles driven.
Is this the beginning of the end?
XPO is a fine company, but for a lot of shareholders Jacobs has been the focal part of the investment. The serial entrepreneur took control of what was then called Express-1 Expedited Solutions in 2011, and used a string of acquisitions to push the stock nearly 1,000% higher in a span of eight years.
Prior to XPO, he built United Waste Systems, which eventually sold to Waste Management, and United Rentals. Jacobs stayed at United Waste for eight years, and at United Rentals for ten. He's now coming up on 10 years at XPO, and that's likely to lead to some questions about how long the 64-year-old will remain at the helm.
Officially Jacobs is adding to his schedule via the spinoff, as he will serve as chairman and CEO of the trucking company and chair the logistics company's board. And the two companies are strong enough that their fortunes are not tied to one individual.
But given how highly regarded Jacobs is on Wall Street, and knowing XPO has always been a "bet on the jockey" sort of stock, the CEO's plans post-spinoff are something investors should at least monitor in the year to come.
XPO is still a buy
As a longtime XPO holder, I understand management's frustration with the valuation. XPO's businesses have consistently delivered higher growth rates and better margins than rivals, yet the company trades at a discount to those rivals. Shareholders post-split will still own the many different parts of the business, but in a de-cluttered fashion that hopefully will be more appealing to capital markets.
By simply trying to assign multiples on the two businesses in line with sector averages, trucking would be worth about $80 per share and the logistics business about $55 per share. That's combined value nearly 15% higher than XPO's share price as I write this, and if the two companies can live up to their potential, they should be assigned valuations well above the sector averages.
Jacobs, appearing on CNBC after the announcement, argued XPO shares would be 50% higher if valued comparably to its peers.
Whatever the number, the stock does look undervalued. And there is relatively little risk in this split, as shareholders will continue to own a business with strong growth potential thanks to its exposure to e-commerce, and a well-run national trucking operation.
Post-split it will be the same great businesses, with hopefully better-performing stocks.
10 stocks we like better than XPO Logistics
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John Mackey, CEO of Whole Foods Market, an Amazon subsidiary, is a member of The Motley Fool's board of directors. Lou Whiteman owns shares of XPO Logistics. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Amazon, Old Dominion Freight Line, and Shopify. The Motley Fool recommends C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Waste Management, and XPO Logistics and recommends the following options: long January 2022 $1920 calls on Amazon and short January 2022 $1940 calls on Amazon. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Subdivisions of Portugal
The subdivisions of Portugal are based on a complicated administrative structure. The second-level administrative division, after the 6 regions and 2 autonomous regions, is 308 municipalities (concelhos) which are further subdivided into 3091 civil parishes (freguesias).
Urban hierarchy
In Portugal, urban centers (cities, towns and hamlets) have no legal authority and are social constructs based on a series of institutional functions. In fact, administrative power lies within the extraterritorial municipalities and parishes. These have authority in the constitution and may include various towns within each territory and may have their own constituent assemblies and executives. The town or city, generally, does not correspond to the boundaries of various municipalities, with the exception of the entirely urban municipalities (such as Lisbon, Porto, Funchal, Amadora, Entroncamento and São João da Madeira). The municipality with the most cities is Paredes Municipality which contains four cities.
Ambiguity
Due to changes throughout history, the Portuguese unitary state has seen a continuous process of centralisation and de-centralisation, resulting in changes to the toponymy of various territorial divisions. Consequently, the many names have been appropriated at different levels to represent alterations to the geographic map of the country. This is particularly the case with the transitive period between the medieval provinces and 19th century Liberal reforms. Further, the influence of the Nationalist movement during the 20th century, resulted in the re-appearance of toponymic names long since abandoned.
The modern unitary state is influenced considerable by names passed between generations, and have been applied and re-applied, resulting in a historical ambiguity in the historical record, where one name may be used for two different areas. As is the case with the following examples: Even between administrative level there several instances where the same name is used to represent a territorial division at the local, municipal or regional level.
* Minho: Province / Subregion
* Alto Alentejo: Province / Subregion
* Baixo Alentejo: Province / Subregion
* Douro Litoral: Province / Subregion
* Trás-os-Montes: region / Province
* Estremadura Province: two different ones
* Beira Litoral: postal region, 1936 province | WIKI |
Page:Studies on the legend of the Holy Grail.djvu/73
Rh run into a box he holds in his other hand (two with torches, the third with the lance, the fourth holding the box into which the blood drops); the candles are placed on the table, the cloth is placed on the holy vessel so that the blood fell into it. Joseph then celebrates the Sacrament, and on his raising the wafer, as it were a child descends from heaven and strikes itself into the wafer, so that it takes man's form. Joseph then kisses Galahad and bids him be fed by the Saviour's own hand, and vanishes. But there comes out of the holy vessel, a man with hands bleeding and feet and body, and says He will reveal His secrets, and give the high food so long desired and toiled for. He gives the Sacrament to Galahad and his companions, and explains that the Grail is the dish of the Last Supper, and Galahad shall see it more fully in the City of Sarras, whither it is going, Britain being unworthy of it, and whither he is to follow it with Perceval and Bors; but as he must not leave the land without healing the Maimed King he is to take some of the blood of the lance and therewith anoint his legs. Galahad asks why all may not come with him; but Christ says they are twelve who have eaten as the Apostles were twelve, and they must separate as the Apostles separated. Galahad then heals the Maimed King, who goes into an abbey of white monks. (51) The three companions, after sending messages to Arthur's court through Estrois de Gariles and Claudius, son of King Claudas, coming to Solomon's ship, herein they find the Holy Grail, set sail; on landing bury Perceval's sister, heal a cripple to help them carry the Grail-table, are cast in prison by King Escorant for a year, are fed by the Holy Grail; at Escorant's death Galahad is made King, fashions a tree of gold and precious stones over the Grail and prays before it every morning as do his companions. (52) On the anniversary of Galahad's crowning the three see before the holy vessel a man clad like a Bishop, who begins mass and calls Galahad to see what he has so longed to see, and at the sight Galahad trembles very greatly, and he thanks God for letting him see that which tongue may not describe nor heart think, and he begs that he may pass away from this earthly life to the heavenly one. The Bishop then gives him the body of God, and reveals himself as Josephus, son of Joseph of Arimathea. Galahad kisses Perceval and Bors, and sends greetings to Lancelot through Bors, his soul then leaves his body and angels take it away. A hand from heaven then comes to the vessel and takes it and the lance, and bears it heavenwards, so that since there was no man bold enough to say he has seen the Holy Grail (except Gwalchmai once). (52) ''Galahad's body is buried. Perceval goes into a hermitage, where Bors stays with him for a year and two months; Perceval dies, and is buried by Bors in Galahad's tomb; Bors left alone in a place as strange as Babylon, sets sail for Britain, and comes to Camelot, when all are greatly joyed to see him; he tells the adventures of the Holy Grail; they are written down and kept in the Abbey of Salisbury, and '' | WIKI |
Theobald Böhm, photograph by Franz Hanfstaengl, ca. 1852.
Theobald Böhm (or Boehm) was born on the 9th of April 1794, was a German inventor and musician, who perfected the modern Western concert flute and improved its fingering system (now known as the "Boehm system"). He was a Bavarian court musician, a virtuoso flautist and a renowned composer.
The Boehm system eliminated the difficulty in reaching tone holes on larger flutes, thus allowing for the making of larger, deeper flutes, such as the alto flute. Boehm, himself, was very fond of the alto flute, and once recounted a time he was playing it when someone mistook it for a french horn. | FINEWEB-EDU |
China, Texas
China is a city in Jefferson County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,260 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
China was first known as "China Grove", for a water stop for the Texas and New Orleans Railroad that sat amidst a grove of chinaberry trees. In the 1860s a small community grew around the water stop, and another a few miles away named Nashland. A post office with the name "China" was established there in 1893. When fire destroyed the China Grove depot in 1906, the railroad rebuilt in the larger Nashland area, but retained the established name "China" as the name of the depot. The Nashland post office changed its name to China shortly afterward. It was only in 1971 that the (now-merged) community voted to incorporate as the city of China, Texas.
During World War II, a small branch camp was built for German prisoners of war who were detailed to China from the larger Camp Huntsville in Walker County (now a part of Sam Houston State University). These prisoners helped to maintain rice paddies while local farmers were serving in the military.
The chinaberry trees that gave the community its name are rare in the area today. In fact, two trees that were transplanted to the front lawn of the city's civic complex in the mid 1990s are some of the only remaining examples. However, several local China and Meeker natives have taken to cultivating and nurturing new and transplanted chinaberry trees.
In 1999, Walt Disney Home Video celebrated the video release of Mulan in China. They built a miniature version of the Great Wall of China on what used to be Henderson Middle School (now China Elementary School) football field.
For years, China Elementary hosted an annual Chinaberry Festival, to celebrate the city's people and history. The festival featured a parade, local country musicians, and many booths fielded by local vendors and church groups. However the elementary school has not hosted the festival since the destruction of Hurricane Rita in 2005. Instead the City of China has attempted somewhat unsuccessfully to reinstate the festival.
In 2004, former Mayor Hermann Edwards pleaded guilty to tampering with governmental records and was sentenced to a year of probation.
Geography
China is located at 30.05417°N, -94.33194°W (30.054259, –94.331882). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.3 sqmi, of which 1.3 sqmi is land and 0.77% is water.
Demographics
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,260 people, 523 households, and 308 families residing in the city.
2000 Census data
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,112 people, 426 households, and 314 families residing in the city. The population density was 862.8 PD/sqmi. There were 458 housing units at an average density of 355.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 71.04% White, 24.01% African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.90% Asian, 2.79% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.59% of the population.
There were 426 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.08.
In the city, the population was 25.4% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $36,172, and the median income for a family was $41,500. Males had a median income of $36,094 versus $21,635 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,940. About 12.7% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.8% of those under age 18 and 17.7% of those age 65 or over.
School system
China is part of the Hardin-Jefferson Independent School District, a school system which spans a large area including China and neighboring cities Nome and Sour Lake, as well as the communities of Meeker, Pinewood, Countrywood, and Greyburg.
Until the 2009–2010 school year began, China was home to two of the district's schools, China Elementary (located in the city center across from China's city park) and Henderson Middle School (located on the outskirts of town across Highway 90). However, with the opening of the district's new high school in neighboring Sour Lake, the old high school campus was repurposed into the new Henderson Middle School, and the old middle school campus was renovated and made the new China Elementary. Portions of the old elementary school were utilized as the city hall for a few years until spring of 2020. the building is still owned by the school district but is not used
China Elementary caters to families from China and Nome. Students attend China Elementary from kindergarten until the fifth grade (and some attend the school's pre-kindergarten services).From there, all students move down Highway 326 to Henderson Middle School between Nome and Sour Lake for sixth through eighth grades, and then to the Hardin-Jefferson High School for ninth through twelfth grades.
Both old China Elementary and the old Henderson Middle School used to be part of China School District prior to the consolidation of the local school districts. Before desegregation of schools nationwide in the 1950s, China Elementary (then China School) served white students, whereas Henderson served the African American population. | WIKI |
Fortnite's Tim Sweeney enters Forbes 400 list for the first time
New York (CNN Business)Gamers aren't the only ones making money off Fortnite — so is its owner, Tim Sweeney. The CEO of Epic Games, the company behind the popular online video game, has landed on the Forbes 400 list of richest Americans for the first time. The magazine placed Sweeney at the 150th spot with an estimated net worth of $4.5 billion. MacKenzie Bezos also entered the list for the first time, landing at the 15th spot. Her net worth is estimated at $36 billion. She became an instant billionaire following her divorce from Amazon (AMZN) CEO and founder Jeff Bezos in July. As part of the settlement, she received 25% of the couple's Amazon stock, according to an April securities filing. That gave her a 4% stake in the company, worth approximately $38 billion. Jeff Bezos remains in the top slot for a second straight year, with an estimated net worth of $114 billion. That's down from the $160 billion in 2018. Microsoft (MSFT) founder Bill Gates placed second ($106 billion net worth), investor Warren Buffett is third ($80 billion net worth) and Facebook (FB) CEO Mark Zuckerberg is in fourth place with a net worth nearly $70 billion. The highest-ranking woman, Alice Walton, is at 11th place. She's part of the family behind Walmart (WMT), she's worth roughly $51 billion. The threshold to enter the list this year is $2.1 billion, the same as last year. Forbes said the collective net worth of everyone on the list is worth a record-breaking $2.96 trillion, up more than 2% from last year. Forbes said the list is compiled by reading "thousands of SEC documents, court records, probate records and news articles." The estimates also take into account each person's stakes in companies and other assets, like property. This year, President Donald Trump fell 16 places and now ranks at 275 with an estimated net worth of $3.1 billion. He's fallen 119 places on the list since becoming president, according to Forbes. Forbes said the list is compiled by reading "thousands of SEC documents, court records, probate records and news articles." The estimates also take into account each person's stakes in companies and other assets, like property. The Forbes 400 list came under fire two years ago over its reporting on the wealth of Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross. Financial disclosure forms filed after Ross' nomination to the Commerce Department showed he had less than $700 million in assets, far lower than the $2.9 billion Forbes had listed as his net worth a year earlier. In a previous statement to CNN, Forbes defended the magazine's reporting methods, but acknowledged that others have lied in an effort to crack the list. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:A record of European armour and arms through seven centuries (Volume 2).djvu/122
armets. Let us ask, "Why is it there? It was never found on the bascinet, the immediate forerunner of the armet." But what we do find on the bascinet is a complete visor with ocularia and its upper part extending over the forehead as a reinforcement. We suggest, therefore, that in the natural order of things the first visor on the armet was a complete one, such as was used on the bascinet in a modified form, and that the next step was the dividing of the visor into two at the ocularia, converting the upper part into a fixed reinforcing plate on the forehead, and creating a simple ocularium above the visor as described. This suggestion seems reasonable; for such an arrangement would certainly have produced a visor more easily raised or closed; visors being of heavy construction in those days.
Italian, first half of XVth century, shown with the visor closed and original heavy wrapper in position
Collection: Baron de Cosson
With the visor raised and buffe removed
There are two armets possessing the large visor which we think support our view.
The first armet of this type possessing such a visor is now in the collection of Sir Farnham Burke (Fig. 432) a helmet which the Baron de Cosson assigns to the second quarter of the XVth century, thus giving considerable support to our theory, if his opinion be correct. The skull-piece of the armet appears somewhat crudely fashioned in spite of its being of Italian workmanship. Of its nationality we are sure, since it bears an armourer's mark akin to that used by the Missaglia family of Milan; though it hung for centuries in a church-in England from which it was obtained by its late owner. This | WIKI |
Chevrolet Colorado VIN Decoder
Chevrolet Colorado VIN DecoderWhen you purchase a new Chevrolet Colorado, you will need to provide the vehicle identification number, or VIN, to the dealer. The VIN is a unique number that identifies your vehicle. The VIN is used to track recalls, registrations, and other information about your vehicle.
The VIN is also used to decode the vehicle. This means that the VIN can be used to identify the make, model, and year of the vehicle. The VIN can also be used to identify any options or special features that are included on the vehicle.
If you are curious about what your Chevrolet Colorado VIN means, you can use a VIN decoder to decode the VIN. A VIN decoder is a website or app that allows you to enter the VIN and decode the information.
Some VIN decoders will also tell you the value of your vehicle. This can be helpful if you are thinking about selling your vehicle or if you are curious about how much your vehicle is worth.
If you are looking for a Chevrolet Colorado VIN decoder, you can find several online. Just enter "Chevrolet Colorado VIN Decoder" into your search engine and you will find several websites and apps that will help you decode your VIN.
How Does Chevrolet Colorado VIN Decoder Work?
When you're buying a car, it's important to know what you're getting. With a free Chevrolet VIN decoder, you can get all the information you need about a Chevrolet Colorado.The VIN is the Vehicle Identification Number. It's a 17-digit code that provides information about a car. The VIN can tell you things like the car's model year, make, and trim level. It can also tell you where the car was built and its serial number.
A VIN decoder takes all that information and turns it into a user-friendly format. With a VIN decoder, you can find out things like how much the car was worth when it was new and what kind of engine it has.
If you're thinking of buying a used car, a VIN decoder is a must-have tool. It can help you avoid getting scammed and make sure you're getting the car you want.
When you're looking for a VIN decoder, be sure to choose a reputable source. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is a good place to start. They have a VIN Decoder on their website that will decode any Chevrolet Colorado.
When Do You Need to Use the Chevrolet Colorado VIN Decoder?
If you're thinking of buying a Chevrolet Colorado and want to know more about the vehicle, you'll need to use the Chevrolet Colorado VIN Decoder. This tool will help you learn all about the truck, including the year it was made, the engine size, and more.The VIN Decoder is a great resource for anyone looking to buy a used Chevrolet Colorado. By decoding the VIN, you can get a better idea of the truck's history and condition. You'll be able to see if it's been in any accidents, and find out what repairs have been made to it.
The VIN Decoder is also a handy tool for checking the authenticity of a Colorado. If you're thinking of buying a Chevy Colorado that's been modified, you can use the Decoder to make sure the modifications have been done legally.
So, if you're thinking of buying a Chevrolet Colorado, be sure to use the VIN Decoder to learn all about it. It's a great resource for anyone looking to buy a used truck.
What Information Does a Chevrolet Colorado VIN Decoder Provide?
When you purchase a Chevrolet Colorado, you will get a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) that will identify your vehicle. The VIN is a unique identifier for your car and will have 17 characters. The VIN is used to track your car's history and to ensure its safety.The VIN can be used to get information about your car. You can use a Chevrolet Colorado VIN Decoder to get information about the make, model, and year of your car. You can also find out information about the engine, transmission, and safety features.
The VIN Decoder is a valuable tool for Chevrolet Colorado drivers. It can help you learn about your car and keep you safe on the road.
How to Use Chevy VIN Decoder to Check Your Chevrolet Colorado?
When you are looking to buy a new Chevrolet Colorado, one of the first things you will want to do is check the vehicle identification number (VIN). This unique number can tell you a lot about the car, including its year, make, and model. You can use a Chevy VIN decoder to get all this information and more.The VIN is a 17-digit number that is specific to each car. It is located on the car's dashboard and also on the insurance card and registration. The VIN can be used to determine such things as the car's original owner, engine size, and transmission type.
You can use a Chevy VIN decoder to find out all this information and more. All you need to do is enter the VIN into the decoder and press "decode." The decoder will then give you a description of the car, including its features and specifications.
If you are thinking of buying a used Chevrolet Colorado, it is a good idea to use a Chevy VIN decoder to check the car's history. The decoder can tell you whether the car has been in any accidents and whether it has been flood-damaged. It can also tell you the date of the car's last service and the mileage.
So, if you are looking for a Chevrolet Colorado, be sure to use a Chevy VIN decoder to check the car's history and specifications. It can help you make a wise purchase decision. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Template talk:Compact TOC/Archive 1
Unused letters
I want the toc not to show unincluded letters! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)
* I can probably code that in there, but its usage will be very tedious, something like, and it would have to be manually updated; MediaWiki template and ParserFunction syntax ain't exactly PHP; it can't auto-detect such things. — SMcCandlish [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 02:35, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
An "az=no" option, and "line1" shorthand
* If CompactTOC8 is poised to emulate/replace all other TOC templates, I think there's at least one feature missing. Currently I have to use OnelinerTOC like this:
(I don't display the result here because it would disable the discussion page's own TOC, but the result can be seen at List of mountains in Peru.)
* To emulate it with CompactTOC8, an option would be needed, like this:
(I realize I could cancel each letter separately, but that's too much trouble ;-)
* Also, since a non-alphabet linear TOC is a common need for many list articles, maybe there could also be a new shorthand, a "line1" keyword as first param, that would perform exactly the same as the two examples above with just:
(I've not evaluated how complicated it would be to implement this, though.)
— Komusou talk @ 20:03, 7 October 2007 (UTC)
* That all sounds sensible, but I don't understand why it would be called "line1". — SMcCandlish [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 17:44, 15 August 2008 (UTC)
* PS: CompactTOC8 could easily absorb all the functionality of OnelinerTOC simply by supporting its functions, its named parameters that don't match C'TOC8s but do map to its functionality, and since C'TOC8 doesn't use any unnamed parameters, we can simply reserve them for precisely the function O'l'TOC is doing (i.e. make unnamed parms match to custom1, custom2, etc. — SMcCandlish [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 18:26, 15 August 2008 (UTC)
Explicit custom
Curently, the template does this with custom1: Input: custom1 = foo Output: foo Which is generally good, but wouldn't it be possible to add somthing in to choose where the link is, and what the name is? I found an article where I would want the link to appear as bar, but it is not possible to do this. I don't think implementing this change would be too difficult:
We add customname1, which when present changes the name of the link.
happypal (Talk | contribs) 18:55, 8 July 2008 (UTC)
* Unless I get instruction not to do so, I'll do it in a few days with the varaible names custom1name custom2name and custom3name.happypal (Talk | contribs) 18:57, 8 July 2008 (UTC)
* Sounds good to me; the more features the better. The real doozy is going to be making it work across multi-page articles! — SMcCandlish [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 17:42, 15 August 2008 (UTC)
Numeric list option
It would be cool if it could do numeric lists, to arbitary numbers (i.e. specify a range, like 0-10, or 1-213 or whatever. I've been away from parserfunction code for so long, I can't even remember if this is feasible (other than manually coding it up to a limit of numbers, I mean). — SMcCandlish [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 18:19, 15 August 2008 (UTC)
Aa - Zz
It's conceivable that some uses will need Aa Ab ... Zy Zz. — SMcCandlish [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 18:19, 15 August 2008 (UTC)
Border & background removal
One of the only remaining features supported by one or another of the CompactTOC family not supported here is the ability to do away with the border and background; I forget which one has this, but it is used on a lot of "Wikipedia:" namespace pages. — SMcCandlish [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 18:29, 15 August 2008 (UTC)
Crucial: Multi-page articles
Probably the most-needed upgrade is the ability to work in multi-page list articles. My initial thoughts on this are that there should be: and it would just work on all three pages, treating everything after the letter specified in a as being on the same page until it hits another parameter.
* ... (and , and ) where the value would be the page name. Like, I have a big list article that is broken up into three pages. Page 1 contains entries under numsym through K, page 2 is L through P, and page 3 is Q through Z. Page one is FoobarbazquuxA, the second FoobarbazquuxB and the third is FoobarbazquuxC. The code to add would be:
* A shorthand, for cases where we want every single letter of the alphabet (or numbers; see feature idea above) to be on its own page, w/o having to manually do it all with, , etc. Maybe somethng like this: A and pair, used like this (intended mainly for "Wikipedia:" namespace uses where there would be a page for every single letter; I doubt any list articles are actually that size, though someday they could be), and it would work like:
(with being the other possible value, for pagenames like Foobarbazquux1, Foobarbazquux2, etc.
Someone might be able to think of a smarter way to do it.
PS: Of course, a tedious work around for multi-page articles with only a few pages would be to do something like
but customname* isn't even implemented yet, much less a customtarget* that could specify a different article entirely.
Ideas? This is actually of some importance to me, because Glossary of cue sports terms is approaching 200K and people are complaining.
— SMcCandlish [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 18:19, 15 August 2008 (UTC)
Merge
I think it is almost time to go to TfD and get all the lesser templates of this sort merged into this one, and have it renamed to CompactTOC, since it not only will do everything they will, it also has simple default usage. The stumbling block would be to ensure that all parameters of the lesser templates are handled (even if not documented - some might need to be intentionally deprecated by not mentioning them) by this one. — SMcCandlish [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 18:13, 27 November 2007 (UTC)
Sept. 2007 changes need ed documentation
Circeus and someone else have made a bunch of changes recently, and their effects are not reflected in the documentation. — SMcCandlish [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 19:09, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
* They are, I'm pretty sure I didn't forget anything. I added 3 "custom" parameters (+legacy "Sec" for compatibility with other existing templates), and the letter replacement stuff. Am I forgetting anything? Circeus 19:43, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
* Looks good, but I would remove the "Sec" stuff from the documentation, so people don't keep using them. — SMcCandlish [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 17:37, 15 August 2008 (UTC)
New features
I added a couple extra features, and I updated the doc:
* Up to 5 custom tables now.
* Custom name for custom sections:custom1name field. It is possible for the link to appear as: custom1name
* Linking to outside pages is possible, using custom1link field: custom1
If this breaks anything, or if you have any question, please inform me. happypal (Talk | contribs) 08:53, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
Redirect Numbers?
OK, I see how to include an entry for numbers (num=yes), and I see how to redirect letters, but how does one redirect the number entry in the toc to a separate page? I'm trying to build a toc for an article that spans a number of pages, and I'd like to be able to access the number portion from any of those pages. Please specify the syntax. Dawynn (talk) 20:29, 16 December 2008 (UTC)
New parameters, validation & internal comments
10-Jan-2009: New parameters have been added (pre1, pre2, prebreak, sep, ...). The internal coding of the template has been expanded and documented with source-code comments, using the typical HTML form (using ). Invalid parameters (such as "ref" for "refs" or "ext" for "extlinks") are detected now and rejected. See details below. -Wikid77 (talk) 10-Jan-2009
Header parameters after ABC: custom6 7 8
The new parameters custom6, custom7, custom8 (or Sec6, Sec7, Sec8) allow up to 8 section headers after the ABCDEF links. -Wikid77 (talk) 21:55, 10 January 2009 (UTC)
Header parameters before ABC: pre1 pre2 pre8
The new parameters pre1, pre2, ..., pre7, pre8 (or preSec1, preSec2, ... preSec8) allow up to 8 section headers to be listed before the ABCDEF links. This is totally new. They can be given display-names as pre1name, pre2name (or preSec1name, preSec2name etc.) to conceal a different link name, such as to another article, or an external webpage. So, the total of headers becomes: Combining the pre1...pre8, with the custom1...custom8, allows up to 16 other header sections to be listed in the TOC. -Wikid77 (talk) 21:55, 10 January 2009 (UTC)
Separator parameter: sep
The new parameter "sep" can set the separator text between the word-headers (not between ABCDEF...). Use "sep=&middot;" to put middots between the header names. Bold middots can be set by putting 3 quotemarks before/after the middot. -Wikid77 (talk) 21:55, 10 January 2009 (UTC)
Prefix break parameter: prebreak
The new parameter "prebreak" can set the break-text after all the pre-listed headers pre1, pre2...pre8 (not between ABCDEF...). Typically, this would be one break-tag as "prebreak=<br>" but could include more text that introduces the line of "ABCDEF...". -Wikid77 (talk) 21:55, 10 January 2009 (UTC)
Validation rejects invalid parameters
For decades, some software procedures have used "parameter validation" to check for problems when passing parameters. Templates can do validation, as well, and now CompactTOC8 does. There is a section of code, at the end of the template, that warns when it finds & rejects invalid parameter names: centre, Top, ref, Ref, ext, extlink, etc. The concept is to have the template check for common typos and say whoa. It works: most invalid parameters will be a few common misspellings. Otherwise, invalid parameters are totally ignored (as typical) and users are left in the dark (neat, huh, ya right). Although some computers act by "No news is good news", today's compu-trash computers think "No news doesn't mean anything, because we ignore the slightest problem, and for years, no one will ever know what went wrong". It doesn't have to be that way, but when parameters are rejected, then text has to be fixed to avoid error messages. It is a design choice to ignore problems, beause often, the error messages are worse than the original problem. Please don't blame any wiki-developers, because unreported errors are rampant in 90% of all websites and poorly designed software, worldwide. Just help to foster parameter and data checking in future templates. -Wikid77 (talk) 21:55, 10 January 2009 (UTC)
non-Latin lists
Is there a horizontal TOC template for lists which are not in the Latin alphabet, for example List of Cyrillic digraphs?
Thanks, kwami (talk) 20:17, 23 April 2009 (UTC)
consistent opening and closing <div> tags
The following section of the template code adds an opening tag when the conditional statement evaluates to false, but does not add an opening tag when the conditional statement evaluates to true.
}} At around line 71 there is a closing tag that is used regardless of the result of the conditional statement. Doesn't the conditional statement need to have an opening tag for each result to avoid cases that place a closing tag without an opening tag? It seems that the last bit of the conditional statement should be changed from: to: --PerkinsTaylor (talk) 23:51, 8 September 2010 (UTC)
* 1) ifeq:|no||!
* {{#ifeq:{{{nobreak|{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|short1|yes|}}}}}|yes||}}{{
* {{#ifeq:{{{nobreak|{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|short1|yes|}}}}}|yes| |}}{{
Columns?
Is it possible to get a TOC to display in two or more columns? Mjroots (talk) 05:14, 16 September 2010 (UTC)
I need a new TOC . ..
Hello, all. I hope you are doing just fine today. Anyway, what I need is a (I think) horizontal TOC to go across the top of List of California public officials charged with crimes. Can anybody help? Sincerely, GeorgeLouis (talk) 17:14, 28 May 2011 (UTC)
Move?
* The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.
Page moved. Sorry about the double template, but I did not realize how the new interface would deal with a template move. Since there are a ton of links, I'll let the bots fix the redirects unless someone wants to fix those now. Also while this form of the name is not normal, I went with it since there were no objections in the discussion. I'll create the requested redirect. Vegaswikian (talk) 07:58, 9 March 2012 (UTC)
Template:CompactTOC8 → Template:CompactTOC – Obviously, this is the only "CompactTOC" template that exists at this time. If "CompactTOC" doesn't work, why not Template:Alphabetical TOC? --George Ho (talk) 02:30, 2 March 2012 (UTC)
* Hell yes! This was my goal and when I created this in 2007, and was actually what TfD decided was the right thing to do, I just couldn't do it because I wasn't an admin [the template editor bit did not exist at that time], and no one else got around to it until now. I'd suggest Template:Compact ToC for clarity, but redir from CompactTOC. — SMcCandlish Talk⇒ ɖ∘¿ ¤ þ Contrib. 00:24, 3 March 2012 (UTC)
* The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.
Template modified?
Has this template been modified to be a strict width? Because now I'm seeing lots of longer headers in the TOC being broken onto two lines, like "Features and abilities" here. Darkwarriorblake (talk) 14:35, 10 August 2012 (UTC)
* not sure what you are talking about. that article doesn't use template:Compact ToC. Frietjes (talk) 19:38, 10 August 2012 (UTC)
* Oh, for some reason Template:TOC redirects here. Darkwarriorblake (talk) 19:47, 10 August 2012 (UTC)
* the table of contents is generated by a different process. you can see which templates are used on an article by opening up the article in edit mode, and reading the list of transcluded templates at the bottom of browser page. Frietjes (talk) 20:08, 10 August 2012 (UTC)
* I have also noticed this problem, the text wraps longer section headings when using Google Chrome but not with Firefox. If this template is not being used to generate the default TOCs then the problem should be highlighted to the right people (Village pump?). Nimbus (Cumulus nimbus floats by) 22:56, 29 August 2012 (UTC)
hlistification
Hey folks,
I've spent a while reimplementing this as a proper horizontal list. The output has slightly changed, but the code is much cleaner and the end result is closer to that of other TOCs (including the addition of working collapsibility). Code is in the sandbox: comparisons are in the test cases. There's one remaining bug in that the lists are no longer centered when the template is, but this is a minor detail and I don't think it'll be missed (unless someone can fix it). Other than that, there's a change in that the template gains bullets: if people violently disagree with that, we can get the site CSS updated to hide them. Thoughts? If there's no opposition to this I'll roll it out in a few days. Chris Cunningham (user:thumperward) (talk) 13:19, 12 February 2013 (UTC)
* it looks like the problem is with hlist + toc,
* there is also a problem with wikitable
* I believe this has been discussed at MediaWiki talk:Common.css. Frietjes (talk) 18:22, 12 February 2013 (UTC)
* I found the thread. the work around for wikitable is as follows
* but it still doesn't work for toc
* Frietjes (talk) 19:21, 12 February 2013 (UTC)
New code drop
I've now deployed the hlistified code from the section above. This gives us a significantly cleaner and more elegant codebase along with a more semantically meaningful output and a collapse button like regular TOCs. There are a couple of caveats:
* 1) This introduces bullets between the elements. They're provided for free by the list styling, rather than being hacks as in some previous custom TOCs, but this is still a slight departure from the old layout. If there's consensus to remove these we can do it using the site's CSS; there should be no need to change the code here.
* 2) The lists are no longer centered in certain cases, per the section above. This has already been flagged as a skin issue and is awaiting a fix.
Chris Cunningham (user:thumperward) (talk) 15:50, 22 February 2013 (UTC)
* no fix will be made to MediaWiki:common.css to fix the centering issue if no one else actually comments in the thread. the note will simply be archived with no changes if no one else says something. Frietjes (talk) 15:59, 23 February 2013 (UTC)
* I'll try to ensure it's followed up. I would imagine that if it causes anyone any particular distress that we'll hear about it soon enough anyway, given that the code is now live. Chris Cunningham (user:thumperward) (talk) 10:30, 25 February 2013 (UTC)
* The results I'm seeing when I look at Template:Compact ToC/doc's examples are all just fine. — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼ 05:57, 7 September 2014 (UTC)
* so we should remove the align since it's broken and no one cares that it doesn't work? Frietjes (talk) 16:38, 7 September 2014 (UTC)
* The cases I'm seeing under seem bad; I'm just saying that the examples in the /doc page seem fine, so I'm unclear on what the problem is and whether it's still extant. — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼ 20:18, 7 September 2014 (UTC)
* I'm quite certain that we do want it centered, almost always. If we can't have control and have to hard-code something, it would be better to not be able to force it to the left than to not be able to center it. — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼ 02:06, 8 September 2014 (UTC)
* yes, centering by default would be a good idea. the problem is that we don't even have the option of centering the list. as stated above, changes will be needed in MediaWiki:common.css fix the problem, but no one else commented in the thread I started. If you think it's important, perhaps you can start a new thread there? I'm sure could fix it. Frietjes (talk) 14:46, 8 September 2014 (UTC)
* Added a fix. Lets see how it works. 16:03, 8 September 2014 (UTC)
* , unless someone rewrites this template to use tables instead of divs, it doesn't work. Frietjes (talk) 16:09, 8 September 2014 (UTC)
* Ooh... it's not a table? I was going for the example above. Which element would need fixing then? 16:12, 8 September 2014 (UTC)
* [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User%3AFrietjes%2Fcommon.css&diff=624733196&oldid=620783716 this fixed it for me], but there may be a better solution. Frietjes (talk) 23:16, 8 September 2014 (UTC)
* , so, it can't be fixed this way? if that's the case, I will remove align from the template, and update the documentation. Frietjes (talk) 21:43, 12 September 2014 (UTC)
* No, you're on the right track, but I would like to include table-based TOCs as well. 22:16, 12 September 2014 (UTC)
* , since it seems like this will never be done, I will add a note to the documentation. Frietjes (talk) 15:06, 27 September 2014 (UTC)
* , it can be done... if I knew what the goal is. The above samples are not representative; I need to know which templates are involved and what the desired default behaviour is. 17:15, 27 September 2014 (UTC)
* Search for 'align=center' in the testcases. The text should be center-aligned in those cases. Thanks! Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 01:39, 28 September 2014 (UTC)
* That seems simple enough; all that is needed is
* That will take care of this template anyway. 07:40, 28 September 2014 (UTC)
Parameters for _TOC_
Where is a list of parameters for _TOC_? I want a vertical TOC, not a compact (horizontal) one. Template:TOC redirected me here, to Template:Compact_ToC. Thank you. {{u| Checkingfax }} ( Talk ) 19:36, 17 October 2015 (UTC)
* TOC itself does not have any parameters. See H:TOC and Category:Wikipedia table of contents templates for a list of templates. 08:41, 18 October 2015 (UTC)
Feature request: non-Latin character set
I have a need on an independent MediaWiki for a Compact ToC that displays both Latin and Hiragana characters at the same time. Is this possible? --Rob Kelk 13:27, 21 August 2016 (UTC)
* yes. Frietjes (talk) 13:32, 18 September 2016 (UTC)
Requested move 21 January 2017
The result of the move request was: no consensus. Proposed title created as a redirect. Jenks24 (talk) 07:39, 19 February 2017 (UTC)
Template:Compact ToC → Template:Compact alphabetic ToC – Current name is too generic. P p p er y 19:08, 21 January 2017 (UTC) --Relisting. JudgeRM (talk to me) 20:18, 28 January 2017 (UTC) --Relisting. Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 19:27, 9 February 2017 (UTC)
* Oppose. I see no real clear need to rename this, considering that it's a template. However, I'm not opposed to creating the proposed title as a redirect to this page. Steel1943 (talk) 21:42, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* Support per WP:PRECISION. Laurdecl talk 02:15, 18 February 2017 (UTC)
* WP:PRECISION usually doesn't (and, in my opinion, shouldn't) apply to template titles. Otherwise, titles like Template:Tl, Template:Tlx, Template:RA and even Template:Information would have to be moved as well. Steel1943 (talk) 04:52, 18 February 2017 (UTC)
* I'm not seeing any exception for templates in the policy page. I also don't see why those other templates would have to be moved. The fact remains that this is not a Compact ToC. It is a Compact alphabetical ToC. Laurdecl talk 02:27, 19 February 2017 (UTC)
* WP:PRECISION redirects to a section on the page titled Article titles. Steel1943 (talk) 03:54, 19 February 2017 (UTC)
* Oppose - I see good intentions to be precise, but typing is... not something I would type. As Steel1943 said, it can be created as a redirect, but that's all. Of course, if the current title proven too ambiguous, like plot, which became long plot, we can revisit this later. --George Ho (talk) 04:30, 19 February 2017 (UTC)
Thread notification: suggestion for simplified horizontal toc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Horizontal_TOC#Suggest_version_of_Horizontal_TOC_that_doesn't_display_section_numbers.
GregKaye 13:24, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
Stripped tags
In by User:Thumperward of, 2 stripped tags were introduced. I believe this is an error. —Anomalocaris (talk) 09:21, 6 November 2017 (UTC)
* Wasn't sure what you meant at first. In looking over the code, I don't find corresponding opening tags, so I think that's what you're reporting. That does seem to be an error, unless there's somewhere else that missing markup would be injected from and we're certain that it will happen for any case in which the code is in the output. That seems unlikely. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ >ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ< 11:43, 6 November 2017 (UTC)
* I replaced the orphaned with newlines to break the lists. as far as I can tell, this produces the same output, but without requiring HTML tidy to fix it. Frietjes (talk) 14:26, 6 November 2017 (UTC)
* Oh, okay. I was monkeying with it in the sandbox, but you've beat me to it. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ >ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ< 16:34, 6 November 2017 (UTC)
Non-breaking space following "Contents"
There's a non-breaking space after the word "Contents" but before the colon, but if the name parameter is specified, this space is omitted. Can we just remove it (in other words, change "Contents :" to "Contents:")? – void xor 04:40, 14 July 2017 (UTC)
You both seem to know this template's code like the back of your hand. Any thoughts on removing the errant space described above? – void xor 01:05, 12 November 2017 (UTC)
* Too tired to look into it right now; I put an on it it to attract others' attention (and am actually going to go have this put under that protection level, because it's easily vandalized and could mess up a lot of articles). — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ >ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ< 09:54, 12 November 2017 (UTC) Another issue is that near a (maybe the one under discussion above, maybe not), there's a call to , but that page no longer exists. I'm don't recall what the purpose of that was, but I wonder if the issue above has something to do with this. That code post-dates my work on this template, I think. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ >ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ< 09:59, 12 November 2017 (UTC)
* I removed the nbsp before the colon. no longer exists because it is a "system message" filled in by the mediawiki backend software ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAllMessages&prefix=toc&filter=all&lang=en&limit=50 see here]). Frietjes (talk) 13:42, 12 November 2017 (UTC)
The non-breaking space before the column colon was indeed wrong typography, however a space was missing after the column colon; I have now added it. See usage example on List of one-word stage names (nominated for deletion, that's where this typographical issue got my attention). — JFG talk 12:11, 18 March 2018 (UTC)
* Do you mean "colon"? If so, I agree. I too noticed that missing space (even though that wasn't my original concern), and it looks much better now, thanks. – void xor 19:49, 18 March 2018 (UTC)
* Haha, good catch. Ever read my column about Colón? — JFG talk 03:33, 19 March 2018 (UTC)
* Yes, clearly the space was intended to be there, it was just put on the wrong side of the colon. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼 20:54, 22 March 2018 (UTC)
Insert break
Is there away to insert a break in the contents? I am having trouble with the template at List of feminist comic books, where the template forces the boxes on the left to clear under it on mobile devices and other narrow resolution displays. Breaking the contents into two rows may help.--TriiipleThreat (talk) 14:59, 30 March 2018 (UTC)
Inserting additional items in middle
I'm editing the page List of Egyptian hieroglyphs which uses this template. The hieroglyphs are sorted into sections on letters A-Z and Aa, NL and NU. Would there be any way to insert NL and NU after N? Thanks! Trialpears (talk) 16:46, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
Template-protected edit request on 30 August 2020
Please improve template formatting as to avoiding the rendering of excess blank lines beneath transclusions, like here, for instance.--Hildeoc (talk) 13:49, 30 August 2020 (UTC) Hildeoc (talk) 13:49, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
* ❌ if you have a specific change, please make it in the sandbox and test, then reactivate the request. To just continue discussing this improvement - please continue below! — xaosflux Talk 15:46, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
Edit request
Please add the template TOC hidden, perhaps to the 'see also' section. Thank you - wolf 04:18, 3 August 2021 (UTC)
* Full-protection-shackle-no-text.svg Not done: is usually not required for edits to the documentation or categories of templates using a documentation subpage. Use the 'edit' link at the top of the green "Template documentation" box to edit the documentation subpage. And thank you for your input! P.I. Ellsworth ed. put'r there 13:07, 3 August 2021 (UTC)
* I see now. (I don't edit template pages). ✅ now (and thanks, for the whole "teach a man to fish", yadda, yadda, yadda bit.) Thanks & Cheers - wolf 13:26, 3 August 2021 (UTC)
* It's my pleasure! Paine 14:28, 3 August 2021 (UTC)
meaningless code
is always true. Isn't it ? --Naggy Nagumo (talk) 03:20, 18 January 2021 (UTC)
* Naggy Nagumo, consider to suppress the link to A (per the documentation). Frietjes (talk) 15:08, 3 August 2021 (UTC)
Class noprint
I thought that class=noprint would exclude this from the print version, but it doesn't seem to be working on my browser? Thanks! Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 22:52, 31 August 2021 (UTC)
* , if you put the class in the outer div, it works (see the sandbox). Frietjes (talk) 18:47, 1 September 2021 (UTC)
* now implemented. Frietjes (talk) 21:05, 8 September 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
可以在 vRealize Network Insight Cloud 中搜索 Azure 实体详细信息。
以下是一些搜索查询示例：
Azure 实体 示例查询
Microsoft Azure Azure
Azure 应用程序安全组 Azure Application Security Group where Azure Virtual Network = 'Test-vnet2'
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Azure NSG 规则 Azure NSG Rule where Action = 'ALLOW'
Azure 网络接口 Azure Network Interface where Azure Virtual Network = 'Test-vnet2'
Azure 网络安全组 Azure Network Security Group where Subscription = 'vRNI-dev'
Azure 路由 Azure Route where Route Table = 'TestRouteTable'
Azure 路由表 Azure Route Table where Azure Virtual Network = 'aks-vnet-28255566'
Azure 子网 Azure Subnet where Azure Virtual Network = 'vrni-01-vnet'
Azure 订阅 Azure Subscription
Azure 虚拟机 Azure Virtual Machine where Azure Application Security Group = 'TestASG'
Azure 虚拟网络 Azure Virtual Network where Azure Peer Virtual Network = 'vrni-01-vnet' | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Cyclopedia of Painters and Paintings, 1887, vol 2.djvu/186
GIJIAUD under the Directory (187(5); Criminal Court, Return from the Tavern (1877); Terrace near the Nile, Agreeable Meeting (1878); Hungarian Csarila (1880). Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. G58 ; Meyer, Gesch., 70(5 ; Vapereau (1880), 814. GIRAUD, SEBASTIEN CHARLES, born in Paris, Jan. 18, 181'J. Genre painter, brother and pupil of Eugene, and pupil of the Ecolc des Beaux Arts. Has accompa- nied as artist various expeditions, such as that under Prince Napoleon to Northern Europe, and lias visited America. L. of Honour, 1847. Works : Studio, Scene in Hayti (1851!); End of the Haytian War, Princess Mathilde's Diuing-Room, M. de Niemverkerke's Library (1859); Fifteenth Century Interior, View of Tinyvalla in Ice- land (18G1); Hunter Returning (1803), Be- sancon Museum ; Fifteenth Century Inte- rior (18G3); Interior of a Conservatory, Breton Tavern (18(i5); Napoleon III., Gal- lery of the Louvre, Interior of a Parlour (1866); Room in the Musee Cluny (18G7), Luxembourg Gallery ; Torture Room in Castle of Pierrefonds (18(!8); Bowling at Pont-Aven (18<5!t); Return from Fishing (1870); Women Spinning (1873); Landing- Place at Brienz (1874); The Farewell (1875); Flemish Interior (187G); Gathering Apples (1877); A Sunday in Brittany (1878); Fif- teenth Century Interior (1883). Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. G59. GIRAUD, VICTOR, born in Paris, Jan. 1-2, 1840, died there, Feb. 21, 1871. Genre painter, son and pupil of Eugene, and pupil of Picot, Works : Slave Merchant (1867), formerly in Luxembourg Museum ; The Husband's Return (18(!8), Montpellier Mu- seum ; The Charmer (1870). GIRODET DE ROUSSY, ANNE LOUIS, called Girodet Triosou, born at Montargis (Loiret), Jan. 5, 17GG, died in Paris, Dec. 9, 1824. French school ; history and portrait painter, pupil of Luquin and of David; won 2d prix de Rome in 1788, and grand prix in 1789. After five years in Rome he returned to Paris, won the ten-years prize for history (1810), and entered upon a successful career. He painted few pictures, but made many studies and de- signs, and illustra- ted n u m e r o u s books. Member of Institute, 1815 ; L. of Honour, 181G. Louis XVHI. or- dered the cross of an officer of the L. of Honour to be placed on Girodet's coffin. Works: Death of Tatius (1788), Angers Museum ; Joseph discovering him- self to his Brethren (1789) ; Hippocrates re- fusing the Presents of Artaxerxes (1792), Ecole de Medecine, Paris ; Antioehus and Stratonice (1793) ; Danao (1798), M. Chatil- lon ; Landscapes representing the Four Parts of the Day (1798) ; The Seasons (4 pictures, 1799, for King of Spain, copied in 1817 for Palace of Compiegne) ; Ossian and his Warriors (1802), Leuchtenberg Collec- tion, St. Petersburg ; Ddtirje (1810), Sleep of Endijmion (1792) ; Burial of Alula (1808), Louvre ; Napoleon receiving Keys of Vienna (1808), Revolt of Cairo (1810), Versailles Museum; Minerva, Apollo, Mercury, Nymphs, and Bacchus (G pictures), Hymen and Fe- cundity (1817), Gods and Nymphs (1818), Titon and Aurora, Dance of Greeks, Dance of Nymphs, Justice and Valour, etc. (4 pict- ures, 1822), Departure and Return of the Warrior, all at Compiegne ; Napoleon's Father (1805) ; Portrait of Napoleon L, Chateauroux Museum ; Male portrait, Cher- bourg Museum ; Young Woman's Head, Lyons Museum ; Burial of Atala, Amiens Museum; Gorgon Head, Perpiguau Museum; Anacreon, Dante and Virgil, Old Man, and others, Montpellier Museum ; Au- rora (180G), Leipsic Museum ; Pyg- malion and Galatea, Count Som- mariva sale, 1839, 14,000 francs; |QiO Head of the Virgin (1812), Count Perregaux sale, 1841, 3,155 francs; Fair Elizabeth (his favourite model), M. sale, l-IG | WIKI |
Problems using REST API with PHP
Hi
I am currently evaluating youtrack. A critical item for us is to import many thousands of existing items from one system (Fortress) to youtrack. I have youtrack up and running in the office just fine.
I have created a php script to connect to the REST API. I can login, but if i then immediately ask for hte current user, it defaults me back to 'guest'. I am sure I will need root access to create 15,000 items.
Additionally, it reports no projects, but I know there are some in youtrack
<?php
// Get the curl session object
$session = curl_init();
curl_setopt($session, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
// Tell curl not to return headers, but do return the response
curl_setopt($session, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);
// LOGIN
echo "Logging in...\n";
$xml = 'login=root&password=38GuthrieSt';
$url = "http://build2.fugro/youtrack/rest/user/login?";
curl_setopt($session, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
// Tell curl to use HTTP POST
curl_setopt ($session, CURLOPT_POST, true);
// Tell curl that this is the body of the POST
curl_setopt ($session, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $xml);
$response = curl_exec($session);
echo $response."\n";
//GET THE CURRENT USER
echo "Getting the current user...\n";
curl_setopt($session, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, true);
$url = 'http://build2.fugro/youtrack/rest/user/current';
curl_setopt($session, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
//$session = curl_init($url);
//curl_setopt($session, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);
//curl_setopt($session, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
$response = curl_exec($session);
echo $response."\n";
//GET A LIST OF PROJECTS
echo "Getting a list of projects in youtrack...\n";
curl_setopt($session, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, true);
$url = "http://build2.fugro/youtrack/rest/project/all";
curl_setopt($session, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
$response = curl_exec($session);
echo $response."\n";
curl_close($session);
?>
Here is my output...
C:\development\php>php -f dummp.php
Logging in...
<login>ok</login>
Getting the current user...
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?><user fullName="guest"/>
Getting a list of projects in youtrack...
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?><projects></projects>
C:\development\php>
as you can see, the login reports ok, but it then immediately tells me I am guest. I imagine this is why I cannot see any projects?
regards
3 comments
Comment actions Permalink
Hi
I managed to sort out the issue. I needed to persist the returned cookie, and re-use it.
works a treat now (well sort of)
many thanks.
0
Comment actions Permalink
Yep, you're right we identify user by principal cookie that is set by login REST API call and should be passed with all following calls. Also we created Python library for our REST import API and already implemented issue import from Google Code to YouTrack and YouTrack to YouTrack. You can use these scripts as a reference import implementation.
http://confluence.jetbrains.net/display/YTD2/Python+Client+Library
0
Comment actions Permalink
Hi
i did review your python script, but I needed to use php, as this works within our mediawiki.
It is all working now. A bit of PHP and you can do wonders;-)
regards
0
Please sign in to leave a comment. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Pump Dose Guidance Software
Your Settings:
Units: English | Metric
Weight:
TDD:
Avg. BG:
This tool is recommended for people with Type 1 Diabetes or those who are C-Peptide negative (have no insulin production of their own) and use between 16-100 units of insulin per day. Not recommended for those whose TDD is less than 16 to 20 units a day. Visit the Pump Data Study page for additional information.
Useful Definitions
Carb Factor (I:C) = the insulin to carb ratio
Correction Factor (ISF) = sometimes called an insulin sensitivity factor
Rel. Ins. Sensitivity (IS) = your sensitivity to insulin compared to an average of 100%. (< 100% = less sensitive, > 100% = more sensitive)
TDD = total insulin used per day
Avg BG = avg meter BG for 14 days or more (over 40 BG tests)
improved TDD (iTDD) = the TDD with correction boluses, resulting in a higher (usually) iTDD
Pump Dose Guidance Software provided by opensourcediabetes.org and Ludi Billings, PhD, PE, of Visionary Ventures, Llc. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Dieter Weichert
Dieter Weichert (born 5 March 1948) is a German mechanical engineer specialising in solid mechanics and polymer rheology. From 1995 to 2013 he was the Director of the Institute for General Mechanics of RWTH Aachen. | WIKI |
User:Alkaline anelka
France Xolisa is an actor based In cape town western Cape but Originally from Cofimvaba Eastern Cape.he's height is 1.73m.(20 May 1997) | WIKI |
Indonesian rescuers struggle against heavy rain to reach tsunami-hit villages
SUMUR, Indonesia (Reuters) - Indonesian rescue teams on Wednesday struggled to reach remote areas on the western coast of Java amid an “extreme weather” rain warning after a tsunami killed more than 400 people last week. Heavy rain lashed fishing villages along the coast, muddying roads and holding up convoys delivering heavy machinery and aid to isolated areas while authorities urged residents to stay away from the shore in case of further waves. Clouds of ash spewed from the nearby Anak Krakatau, or child of Krakatau, almost obscuring the volcanic island where a crater collapse at high tide on Saturday sent waves up to 5 meters (16 feet) high smashing into the coast on the Sunda Strait, between Java and Sumatra islands. Indonesia’s meteorology agency (BMKG) said the rough weather could make the volcano’s crater more fragile. “We have developed a monitoring system focused specifically on the volcanic tremors at Anak Krakatau so that we can issue early warnings,” said BMKG head Dwikorita Karnawati, adding that a two-kilometer exclusion zone had been imposed. The confirmed death toll is 430, with at least 159 people missing. Nearly 1,500 people were injured and over 21,000 people have evacuated to higher ground. (GRAPHIC: Indonesia tsunami disaster zone - tmsnrt.rs/2RdjsMd) A state of emergency has been declared until Jan. 4, which authorities hope will make it easier to deploy assistance, said Sutopo Purwo Nugroho, spokesman for the national disaster mitigation agency. Search and rescue teams were focused on the town of Sumur near the southwest tip of Java, but “the roads are damaged and clogged” and helicopters had to be deployed to carry out assessments and evacuations, he added. Volunteers were having to piece together makeshift bridges out of concrete blocks after the waves washed away infrastructure along the coast. Indonesia is a vast archipelago that sits on the Pacific “Ring of Fire”. This year, the country has suffered its worst annual death toll from disasters in more than a decade. The latest disaster, coming during the Christmas season, evoked memories of the Indian Ocean tsunami triggered by an earthquake on Dec. 26, 2004, which killed 226,000 people in 14 countries, including more than 120,000 in Indonesia. The Saturday evening tsunami followed the collapse of an area of the volcano island of about 64 hectares (222 acres), or about 90 soccer fields. The waves engulfed fishing villages and holiday resorts, leaving a coast littered with the matchwood of homes, crushed vehicles and fallen trees. Children’s toys and rides at a seaside carnival in Sumur were left scattered along a swampy beach. The surge of seawater also left dozens of turtles, weighing several kilograms, stranded on land, and some volunteer rescuers worked to carry them back to the sea. On Sebesi Island in the middle of the Sunda Strait, helicopters had been dispatched to evacuate residents. Along the coast, thousands of people are staying in tents and temporary shelters like mosques or schools, with dozens sleeping on the floor or in crowded public facilities. Rice and instant noodles have been delivered to many shelters, but clean water, wet weather gear, fresh clothes, and blankets are in short supply, some evacuees said. Ade Hasanah, 45, staying in an emergency center with her children, said people were being told not to return to their homes. “It’s safe here,” she said. “We hope if the children are safe and the situation is stable, we can go home quickly. We’re restless.” In 1883, the volcano then known as Krakatoa erupted in one of the biggest blasts in recorded history, killing more than 36,000 people in a series of tsunamis and lowering the global surface temperature by one degree Celsius with its ash. Anak Krakatau is the island that emerged from the area in 1927 and has been growing ever since. Additional reporting by Bernadette Christina Munthe, Tabita Diela, Fanny Potkin, Nilufar Rizki, Wilda Asmarini in JAKARTA; Writing by Kanupriya Kapoor,; Editing by Robert Birsel and Nick Macfie | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Nikos Roussos
AboutBlogProjectsMusicPlacesContact
At Mozilla's Participation Systems team we have this Small Uncontrolled Experiment, called Turing Day. What we do, is use one day in our two weeks sprint to work freely on stuff that are not directly connected to our projects and products. Hack stuff, learn new things and technologies, "sharp our saw" in order to increase our efficiency.
This post is about what I learned during one of these days with a bonus of something I built with that. For quite some time now I'm using Bower and Gulp for frontend package management and I'm very happy with these tools. But since javascript tools landscape is constantly changing I wanted to get a more deep understanding of Webpack too. Even Bower's official website suggests it these days!
"Learn by making" is a mindset very common at Mozilla, so I wanted to build something in the process and as a test-bed for trying out Webpack. So I decided to build a minimal reusable single page application, that can be really useful for all these times you just want to build a simple static website and you catch yourself doing the same stuff over and over again.
I picked Vue.js as the framework for this app. You can find many excellent blog posts out there on why Vue.js, instead of Angular or React. My personal take on a nutshell, is that Vue.js has the easiest learning curve, especially for people who code in JS but never touched a framework before. It has top-quality documentation, great community and its design principles and simplicity make your code really clean and readable, which make it easier for other people to get involved and contribute. No need to code ugly and bloated .jsx files with custom html entities (hey React!).
You can browse the complete source code. If you are new to Vue.js navigate through the project to get familiar with the code structure. See how breaking out your application into components make it more clean and easy to understand and maintain. I intentionally added some css on some components to showcase how easily you can use js, html and css inside the same component.
Check out the webpack configuration file. I tried to keep it as simple as possible. We have an entry javascript file to declare our app and dependencies and output file to bundle everything.
entry: './src/app.js',
output: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, './dist'),
publicPath: '/dist/',
filename: 'bundle.js'
},
We add all various loaders for the rest of our code and assets. You can add your linters here, to check your code during build (or even runtime). And of course your preprocessors (eg. sass).
Notice the vue-loader:
{
test: /\.vue$/,
loader: 'vue-loader',
options: {
loaders: {
'scss': 'vue-style-loader!css-loader!sass-loader',
'sass': 'vue-style-loader!css-loader!sass-loader?indentedSyntax'
}
}
},
The nice thing with Webpack is that while building all vue components it will resolve all necessary dependencies declared there, and are not part of our entry js file, and bundle them too.
Now check index.html. That's our app. Really.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>vue.js spa</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="./src/assets/img/favicon.ico">
</head>
<body>
<div id="app"></div>
<script src="/dist/bundle.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
Browsing through src folder you'll notice an api folder. I added a dummy json file and axios, to give you an idea on how you could utilize an external API for your app's content.
import axios from 'axios';
export default class Api {
static getItems() {
return axios.get('/items.json');
}
}
Check out the router folder, which defines our app's urls and what component corresponds to each one.
As a bonus I added moment and vue-markdown to showcase the use of some filters we could use while rendering the content.
These are the runtime dependencies for this app (hey, no jquery!):
"dependencies": {
"axios": "^0.16.1",
"bootstrap-vue": "^0.16.1",
"moment": "^2.18.1",
"vue": "^2.3.3",
"vue-markdown": "^2.1.3",
"vue-router": "^2.5.3"
}
If you want to see it in action, install dependencies locally:
yarn
Run it on development mode:
npm run dev
Or build it for production:
npm run build
vuejs
Or just see the demo.
Comments and reactions on Diaspora and Twitter.
Share: diaspora* diaspora* | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ran Maidan
The result was delete. Missvain (talk) 00:26, 1 January 2021 (UTC)
Ran Maidan
* – ( View AfD View log )
LinkedIn type profile of a successful businessmen sourced to corporate announcements but lacking any clear indication of notability. The subject did win an industry award but that does not seem enough to base an article on. The article creator had this declined as a draft five years ago so just moved it into mainspace themselves this time. Mccapra (talk) 18:24, 24 December 2020 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Businesspeople-related deletion discussions. Mccapra (talk) 18:24, 24 December 2020 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Finance-related deletion discussions. Mccapra (talk) 18:24, 24 December 2020 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Israel-related deletion discussions. Mccapra (talk) 18:24, 24 December 2020 (UTC)
Mccapra Hi, i think that some one who sold company for 1.9 bilion dolar in Israel and wan award has the right for articale, he was they key figure in the sell. I agree that 5 years ago he didn't deserve, but todays articale is very diffrent. If he needs to be deleted than this articales as well Shahar_Botzer Erez_Vigodman — Preceding unsigned comment added by Borisshin (talk • contribs) 20:24, 24 December 2020 (UTC)
* Keep Subject is notable, sources are solid. No valid reason for deletion.--Geewhiz (talk) 20:52, 24 December 2020 (UTC)
* In what way are these sources solid? I see only press releases and run-of-the-WP:MILL announcements of business actions. FalconK (talk) 02:00, 27 December 2020 (UTC)
* Comment Then you are not looking closely enough. Globes, Yisrael Hayom and Calcalist are solid sources for business-related and other news in Israel.
* Delete The article is built on a small number of press-releases which doesn't pass WP:BLP. There won't be anything left about this non-notable fellow after those are removed. Im The IP (talk) 07:09, 25 December 2020 (UTC)
* Delete. There's only routine business coverage about transactions and hirings and firings. No substantial personal coverage to be found. The sale price of his company is not relevant in determining notability, and a single industry award does not make a person notable either. Borisshin's comment is confusing, and seems to consider an article something that one has a "right" to, which is dangerously close to WP:PROMO territory. And then, Borisshin cites WP:OTHERSTUFF. Yikes. FalconK (talk) 02:00, 27 December 2020 (UTC)
* Keep In Israel he has allot more articales about him, this articale is not press-releas *Ran Maidan in The CEO magazine — Preceding unsigned Borisshin (talk • contribs) 09:42, 27 December 2020 (UTC)
* As an interview with the article's subject, this is a dependent source and thus does not meet WP:RS. FalconK (talk) 01:46, 31 December 2020 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Monday, 6 April 2015
Learn Vectors 3
We will learn:
1. Vector Math (Using Scalar Value in c Vector)
2. Scatter Plots
3. N/A Values
Details:
E. Vector Math
Now we will try to add scalar value in c vector. What is Scalar? Scalar is a single and real value. In Arithmetic Operation, you will find this math operation;
x = 1 + 1
y = 4 / 2
... etc.
Vector Math in R Programming | Pemrograman R
Other samples;
24 m -> Scalar Value
24 m2 -> Vector Value
Note: For my math teacher, Drs.Sutikno, in SMA Negeri 1 Bukit Kemuning, North Lampung, Lampung Province (studied in 1992) : "This is the first time for me to understand what Scalar & Vector is. ..... - I understand this when I understand English Language ... (crying)."
in R, like our previous lesson, we have:
> a <- c(3, 9, 7)
Then, we add "2" to each values in c vectors, as in:
> a + 2
Result: [1] 5 11 9
This is simple example where a is 3, a is 9 and a is 7. Each of the a(s) is counted up to 2 (Scalar).
Further, you can do that with other arithmetic operation, as follows:
> a * 3
Result: [1] 9 27 21
> a / 3
Result: [1] 1.000000 3.000000 2.333333
Now, if we have other c vector value after the previous one > a <- c(3, 9, 7), as in:
b <- c(2,1,4)
and, add them (a + b) up, that will be as follows:
> b <- c(2,1,4)
> a + b
Result: [1] 5 10 11
The result is coming from:
3 (in a) + 2 (in b)
9 (in a) + 1 (in b)
7 (in a) + 4 (in b)
Try other operation by substract b - a or vice verse!
.......
Take notice that, when you try to compare c vector in previous a to other new a vector values:
For example:
previous a vector: > a <- c(3, 9, 7)
new a vector: > a <- c(1, 9, 7)
> a == c(1, 9, 7)
Result: [1] FALSE TRUE TRUE
then R does not sum up both vectors, but index each values of both vectors.
Now we try to use > (more than) to compare each values in a and b vectors, as follows:
> a > c (1,9,7)
Result: [1] TRUE FALSE FALSE
Vectors in Trigonometric Function
When you use Trigonometric Function, such as, Sin, Cos or Tan then R will figure each values of a vector against Sin, Cos or Tan, as follows:
> sin(a)
Result: [1] 0.1411200 0.4121185 0.6569866
> cos(a)
Result: [1] -0.9899925 -0.9111303 0.7539023
> tan(a)
Result: [1] -0.1425465 -0.4523157 0.8714480
Now, using sqrt function in a vectors:
> sqrt(a)
Result: [1] 1.732051 3.000000 2.645751
F. Scatter Plots
In R, Plot function handles graphic as written below:
> plot(x,y)
x the coordinates of points in the plot. Alternatively, a single plotting structure, function or any R object with a plot method can be provided.
y the y coordinates of points in the plot, optional if x is an appropriate structure.
(R-Documentation)
By using plot() we can draw a graph by relating x to y coordinates. To draw it, we then need data. In this case, the data must contains data x coordinate and y coordinates.
For example:
> x <- seq(1, 20, 0.1)
> y <- sin(x)
(taken from: http://tryr.codeschool.com/levels/2/challenges/35)
Then we do the plot on both data, as follows:
> plot(x,y)
Result: # ........ see this following graph, awesome!
Scatter Plots in R Programming | Pemrograman R
Now, let's take another example by using negative values in one of the vectors values and assign the first vector into absolute function in second vector, as follows:
Data
1. First vector values (using negative values)
> mylesson <- -2:7
2. Second vector values (using negative values)
> mygrade <- abs(mylesson)
> plot(mylesson,mygrade)
Result:
Scatter Plots in R Programming | Pemrograman R
G. N/A Values
In a sample of a vector, one of the values is not available. This sometimes occurs in a column in Database where the data in that column is not filled by user for optional form-sheet. In database, we usually set it active as NULL data.
In R, this NULL data means not exists or not available, then R assigns it as Non Active or N/A Values.
For example:
> a <- c(1, 3, NA, 7, 9)
,where within c vector, we assign that the third value is NA status. When we need the result of a vector, R will give you N/A or NA, as in:
> sum(a)
Result: [1] NA
In this case, we use sum function to test it. sum function considers it as NA since the calculation is not complete yet (NA means: can not be calculated). see the sum documentation in R by typing help(sum).
"As you see in the documentation, sum can take an optional named argument, na.rm. It's set to FALSE by default, but if you set it to TRUE, all NA arguments will be removed from the vector before the calculation is performed." (http://tryr.codeschool.com/levels/2/challenges/38)
However, R can ignore the NA values by calling na.rm and set it to TRUE, as in:
> sum(a,na.rm=TRUE)
Result: [1] 20 #where 20 is coming from: 1+3+7+9.
See you on the next lesson!
My best regards
Is this tutorial useful for you? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Identity Crisis (psychology)
The result of the debate was Speedy deleted by SWAdair, "Vandalism". Master Thief Garrett 11:28, 19 May 2005 (UTC)
Identity Crisis (psychology)
I think someone's had a bad trip - but then I'm a little ignorant of psychology --Doc Glasgow 00:36, 19 May 2005 (UTC)
* Oh, this is a real concept, courtesy of Erik Erikson. This is a bit of an essay, though, so...meh. No vote. Shiri — Talk 01:19, May 19, 2005 (UTC)
* Either that (the Doc's diagnosis) or (s)he has been doing too much lucid dreaming. From the article: "In other words, a person can become confused." It happened to the author, and the confusion led the article to veer from encyclopedic. Delete, no substantial content here to keep or merge. But I note that there is no properly-capitalized Identity crisis (psychology) article linked from the Identity crisis disambiguation page, which also lists a DC Comics miniseries and a Star Trek-based e-book. And there's no "identity crisis" mention in the Psychology article. "What links here" shows there is a Identity (social science) article which links to the Identity crisis disambig page. The term is used enough in movies, television, books, magazines, et cetera (plus the I(ss) article) that we should probably list it as a requested article if nobody jumps on this VfD. Barno 01:32, 19 May 2005 (UTC)
* As above, an article with a name similar to this should exist, but written better than its current form... Abstain on the vote itself - depends whether someone knowledgeable in this field would have ANY material to work with from the current content. Stoive 02:38, 19 May 2005 (UTC)
* Make it a requested article. There isn't much there to work with now, but it should exist. Sairen42 05:38, 19 May 2005 (UTC)
* Speedily deleted as vandalism. This is one of a string of articles the author created during a vandalism spree (see User talk:Mythrandia). This article qualified as an indisputably bad-faith addition. SWAdair | Talk 05:49, 19 May 2005 (UTC)
| WIKI |
From a Hawaiian Island to a New York Island, and Back
Vows Noa Santos first laid eyes on Ross Matsubara about eight years ago on Halloween. Tired from a long day at his interior-design job, Mr. Santos had decided to forgo his Little Mermaid costume and partying, and stay home and eat Thai food in his pajamas. He started perusing friends’ photo albums on Facebook and noticed a picture of Mr. Matsubara. “I got so deep in clicking,” Mr. Santos said. “I was definitely stalking hot people. I am not good at going up to someone in a bar, but online I’m like a prowler.” Mr. Santos was surprised to discover that both he and Mr. Matsubara were from the Hawaiian island of Oahu and were now living in Manhattan. He wrote Mr. Matsubara a Facebook message, asking if he wanted to meet for coffee. Mr. Matsubara responded, “I don’t do coffee, I do drinks.” Even though the two had many things in common, there was a strong chance they might not get along. For starters, they attended rival high schools. Mr. Santos, 30, who is the founder and chief executive of Homepolish, an interior design start-up, went to the academically oriented Iolani. He carried so many books, he needed a rolling backpack to prevent injury to his back. Mr. Santos was elected senior class president after promising to get cushions for the concrete benches in the library. Mr. Matsubara, 33, who is a vice president and style director at Nike Communications and handles accounts for high-profile clients like Moet Champagne and Bombay Sapphire gin, attended Punahou. The school had two famous alumni: former President Barack Obama and Steve Case, the former chief executive of AOL. Mr. Matsubara was a member of the varsity kayak team. “I didn’t get the best grades,” he said. “I threw the parties.” Even their families were different. Mr. Santos, whose father is Portuguese, grew up in a large compound on the coast. His great-grandparents, grandparents, aunts and uncles all lived on the land along with hundreds of chickens, dogs and chameleons. As a child, he was often barefoot, roasting pigs on the beach for dinner. Mr. Matsubara, who is Japanese-American, grew up in Honolulu in a more formal household. His father is a prominent lawyer who owns his firm. “He’s very esteemed,” Mr. Santos said. “Let’s just say he’s much more accustomed to formal wear.” Still, on their first date, in November 2010 at the Rusty Knot, a nautical-themed bar in the West Village of Manhattan, they stayed until closing. Two days later they meandered down Fifth Avenue to take in the holiday lights. Within a month they were using the term “boyfriend”; shortly after, they said, “I love you.” Mr. Matsubara was so taken with his new beau that he told his parents about him over Christmas, a huge feat considering he hadn’t even revealed he was gay. “I was watching, ‘It’s Complicated’ with Meryl Streep and Steve Martin with my mom, and I was texting on the couch,” he said. “When she asked who I kept texting, I said, ‘It’s my boyfriend.’” On their next trip home to Hawaii they brought their parents together. Despite the personality differences, they stayed up until the early hours of the morning drinking sake, eating dinner and sharing stories. The two men were amazed by how well their families got along; they attribute it to the fact that both families had been in Hawaii for more than four generations. Now, even when their sons aren’t visiting, their parents drive more than an hour to each other to drop off gifts of knitted items or avocados and papayas. Mr. Santos proposed in Paris over Memorial Day weekend in 2016. He had told his boyfriend that they were there on a work trip and shocked him when he knelt down in front of a Dior flagship, Mr. Matsubara’s favorite store, with three rings: two from Tiffany and one from Cartier. What he said summed up their relationship: “Without you I am like a coloring book with no color. I am the structure, but you are the color.” Mr. Matsubara’s mother, Arlene Matsubara, said the couple complements each other, with Mr. Santos being the focused, responsible one and her son being the playful, social counterpart. She remembered early in their relationship when her son was eating a slice of papaya and announced he was done before it was all gone. Mr. Santos made him finish it. It was a strong example of “mottainai,” a belief with Japanese roots that you should not waste. “It just hit me in my heart,” Ms. Matsubara said. The couple spent a year planning the wedding of their dreams. They knew it had to be in their home state. “Our New York friends kept saying, We can’t wait to come to Hawaii for your wedding,” Mr. Matsubara said. They chose the Haiku Mill, a 19th-century sugar cane factory in a jungle on the north shore of Maui. It has 150-year-old ruins, French décor, manicured gardens, even a towering mango tree more than 100 years old that provides a natural canopy. Kimiko Hosaki, the event organizer (whom the couple calls the love of their lives), said she had never seen clients dive into their wedding with such passion or precision. “Working in places like Hawaii, you often have clients that want to mimic events that you’ve done in the past,” she said. “It was so energizing to be able to work with clients that had no interest in doing anything anyone had done before.” They styled their ceremony, held on June 8, like a fashion show, facing guests’ chairs toward the aisle in the center and having their wedding party act like models. “Ross wanted us to be bosses, to be powerful and confident,” said Alicianne Rand, Mr. Matsubara’s childhood friend and maid of honor. “None of us are runway models, but we did this for Ross.” Mr. Matsubara’s high school senior prom date, April Jade Hail, who was ordained by the American Marriage Ministries, served as the officiant. (“She was six months pregnant,” he said. “The epitome of beauty.”) The reception was inspired by the 1998 movie “Great Expectations,” starring Gwyneth Paltrow. The couple even encouraged female guests to wear green so the party would look like the green shades in the movie. “They all had their gowns approved by Ross,” Mr. Santos said, laughing. “I think they were scared of him.” There were also local touches. For the welcome cocktail party, Mr. Santos’s father, Alvin Santos, marinated nine pounds of pork brought over on the 40-minute flight from Oahu. Ms. Matsubara and a friend made 90 floral bracelets for guests featuring a rare green flower from the ohia lehua tree. Two of the couple’s friends also performed a traditional Hawaiian hula dance, called Ka Uluwehi O Ke Kai, which is often danced at parties. For these newlyweds, Hawaii is not only their home, but also the place they feel most safe and loved. “The nice part about being from Hawaii is it means we can do anything in life,” Mr. Santos said. “What’s the worst that will happen? My family lives on the edge of the beach. We just move back to the place people dream of retiring.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
How does charcoal purify water?
We filter your water three times before it reaches your mouth
Here at WFA, we are serious about ensuring your water is as pure as it can be. Our water filter systems filter your tap water three times before it reaches your mouth. This ensures we capture everything you don’t want in your water, leaving you with pure fresh filtered water…
…just as Mother Nature intended.
Here is a quick overview of how we purify water using WFA filters:
1. Mechanical filtration – removes large particles and contaminants such as dust, dirt, rust, and cysts (Giardia and Cryptosporidium). These can affect the taste, odour and colour of your water. Our filters pick up particles down to 1 micron.
2. Carbon/charcoal filtration – our WFA water filter system uses the pores within carbon to remove the nasty tastes and odours which are caused by a variety of factors, such as chlorine and other chemicals, ageing underground pipes and fluctuating dam levels. This second filtration ensures your water tastes, looks and smells as good as it can.
3. Removal of limescale – this prevents a nasty build-up of limescale on your appliances such as kettles and coffee machines.
How does a charcoal filter work?
Water filters use a special type of charcoal known as ‘activated charcoal’ to purify water.
Activated charcoal works through the process of adsorption. Note that adsorption is different to absorption. Adsorption binds impurities chemically on the surface of the charcoal filter rather than physically absorbing them.
Activated charcoal is the ideal water filter because it removes toxins from the water without stripping the water of salts and important minerals.
Because impurities are kept in the filter, it’s important to replace your water filter every 12 months to ensure it continues to work as it should.
Take advantage of WFA’s new subscription service, which takes the hassle out of replacing your water filter system. We will send a new one automatically every 12 months… too easy!
Why is charcoal the best water filter?
1. The good stuff stays
2. It makes your water taste better – removes chlorine and nasty odours. Chlorine is vital to ensure our water supply remains free of bacteria and viruses; however, we don’t need to drink chlorine/its a disinfectant.
3. It’s relatively inexpensive
4. It’s easy to maintain – just replace the filter every 12 months. Take advantage of the new subscription service.
It’s what our filters leave in your water that also makes it safe
At WFA we understand that it’s not only important to filter out the bad stuff… it’s also vital that we leave in the good stuff. Because water not only hydrates us, but it also delivers fluoride for our dental health, as well as essential minerals and salts.
And because fluoride, calcium, magnesium and sodium are all dissolved minerals with the same consistency as water, they simply pass through our filters.
So, unlike many brands of bottled water, a WFA water filter system gives you water with fluoride, minerals and salts that will protect the health of you and your family.
You know you can trust our filters
All WFA filter systems are independently certified at the highest possible level by NSF International (which sets industry standards for water filtration systems for meeting strict guidelines for health and aesthetic qualities).
They are also Australian Standards Watermark Certified, which provides validation for quality and integrity.
So you can rest assured your WFA filter is not only making your water taste, look and smell great… it’s also making it safe.
Contact us to find out more or visit our online store to buy a water filter system online now
Read more water filter systems articles.
Buy Water Filter Systems
& Water Filters Online
News & Articles
Inline water filters and Australian city water
Read More
How water filtration contributes to barista-worthy coffees (and better mornings)
Pure water from the bathroom water filter for better skincare | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
VFA-87
The Strike Fighter Squadron 87 (VFA-87) is a United States Navy strike fighter squadron based at Naval Air Station Oceana. The squadron is equipped with the Boeing F/A-18E Super Hornet and is nicknamed the Golden Warriors, its call sign is War Party. Currently, the squadron is assigned to Carrier Air Wing 8 (tail code "AJ").
Insignia and Nickname
The squadron’s insignia and nickname were approved by CNO on 29 July 1968 and have remained essentially unchanged.
1960s
In June 1968, the squadron was established as VA-87, an attack aircraft squadron and the first fleet squadron to fly the LTV A-7 Corsair II, at NAS Cecil Field, Florida. In March 1969, the squadron flew its first combat missions from USS Ticonderoga (CVA-14), striking targets in South Vietnam. In April 1969 following the shoot down of a Navy EC-121 Warning Star aircraft by the North Koreans, Ticonderoga, with VA-87 embarked, was ordered to the Sea of Japan.
1970s
In the 1970s, VA-87 made 12 deployments aboard three different carriers—USS Franklin D. Roosevelt (CV-42), USS America (CV-66) and USS Independence (CV-62).
In 1973, the squadron protected U.S. interests during the Yom Kippur War. Transitioning to the improved A-7E Corsair II, the squadron returned in October 1976 to the Middle East following the assassination of the American ambassador to Lebanon Francis E. Meloy Jr, assisting in the evacuation of U.S. citizens, while embarked on America.
1980s
During the Iran hostage crisis and the Israeli-Syrian disputes of 1981, VA-87 deployed to the region for 195 days aboard Independence. One year later the squadron returned, supporting U.S. peacekeeping operations in Lebanon.
In October 1983, the squadron participated in Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada. During the same deployment, VA-87 participated in strikes against Syria in response to hostile fire against U.S. reconnaissance aircraft from Syrian positions in Lebanon.
On 24 October 1986, the squadron transitioned to the F/A-18A Hornet and was redesignated Strike Fighter Squadron 87 (VFA-87).
1990s
On 28 December 1990, following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the squadron deployed for Operation Desert Storm, flying 629 sorties over 43 days of intense combat.
The squadron, equipped with the newer F/A-18C, deployed to the Adriatic Sea and Red Sea from March to September 1993, flying hundreds of missions in support of United Nations Operation Deny Flight, Operation Provide Comfort and Operation Southern Watch. Embarked for the last time on Theodore Roosevelt, VFA-87 returned in March 1995 to Southwest Asia for a month to participate in Operation Southern Watch.
Following a hasty transit to the Adriatic, the squadron spent four months flying combat sorties over the increasingly embattled former Yugoslavia. On 30 August 1995, squadron jets were the first to strike Bosnian Serb targets as the Operation Deliberate Force campaign commenced.
VFA-87 again headed to the Adriatic to fly over Bosnia-Herzegovina in support of Operation Deliberate Guard and again in Operation Southern Watch before coming home in October 1997 to Naval Air Station Cecil Field for the last time in the squadron’s history. The squadron was forced to relocate to NAS Oceana, in Virginia Beach, Virginia from NAS Cecil Field in Jacksonville, Florida due to a 1993 post-Cold War Base Realignment and Closure Commission (BRAC) decision mandating the closure of NAS Cecil Field by 1 Oct 1999.
The Golden Warriors made history again by participating in combat operations in two different theaters during a single deployment, operating from USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71). While en route to the Persian Gulf in April 1999, crisis erupted in the former Yugoslavian republic of Kosovo, prompting the largest aerial bombing campaign since the Vietnam War. In just 68 days, Golden Warrior FA-18s dropped 430,000 pounds of ordnance and flew 595 combat missions during Operation ALLIED FORCE, contributing to a NATO victory, and expelling Serbian oppressors from the war-torn province of Kosovo. In July, VFA-87 returned to the Persian Gulf and flew 176 combat missions in support of Operation SOUTHERN WATCH. The Golden Warriors returned to their first new home in over thirty years, NAS Oceana in Virginia Beach, Virginia.
2000s
In April 2001, VFA-87 deployed on a Persian Gulf cruise enforcing the no fly zone over Southern Iraq aboard USS Enterprise (CVN-65) until the September 11 attacks occurred. The squadron was then held on station along with the entire Enterprise battle group, to conduct first strike combat missions over Afghanistan against embedded Taliban targets. VFA-87 returned to NAS Oceana in November 2001.
Iraq and Afghanistan
In January 2003, USS Theodore Roosevelt battle group along with VFA-87 conducted combat operations over Iraq, initiating Operation Iraqi Freedom.
VFA-87 deployed again in September 2005 aboard Theodore Roosevelt, returning on 11 March 2006, and received the Atlantic Fleet "Battle E" award later that year.
In September 2006, the squadron transitioned from the F/A-18C to the F/A-18A+ and was again named the "Battle E" squadron for the Atlantic Fleet in March 2007. It deployed again in September 2008 to the North Arabian Sea, in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and returned home to NAS Oceana on 18 April 2009.
2010s
2010 was a year of significant accomplishment for the squadron. VFA-87 participated in three embarked periods in preparation for the maiden deployment of USS George H. W. Bush (CVN-77), including a deck qualification, Independent Steaming Exercise (ISE), and Tailored Ship's Training Assessment (TSTA). Additionally the "War Party" completed three command detachments; one to NAS Key West for the Air-to-Air Strike Fighter Advanced Readiness Program (SFARP) and two to NAS Fallon for Air-to-Ground SFARP.
In May 2011, VFA-87 departed on a deployment aboard USS George H. W. Bush. While deployed the squadron flew combat missions in support of Operations Enduring Freedom and New Dawn flying over Afghanistan and Iraq respectively in support of combat troops on the ground.
In 2012 VFA-87 successfully completed four operational detachments, transitioned back to the F/A-18C by transferring 10 F/A-18A+ and accepting 11 F/A-18C aircraft. The squadron made another deployment aboard George H. W. Bush to the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean from February to November 2014. Following this deployemnt, VFA-87 converted to the F/A-18E Super Hornet.
Syria
VFA-87 made a single deployment aboard USS George H. W. Bush from January to August 2017. During this desployment, Lieutenant Commander Michael Tremel, flying a VFA-87 F/A-18E shot down a Syrian Su-22 after multiple observed ROE violations on 18 June 2017. The Su-22 had been bombing US-backed forces fighting the Islamic State.
2020s
After having been assigned to CVW-8 since 1988, VFA-87 was re-assigned to Carrier Air Wing 11 in 2020. The squadron made two deployments aboard USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71) to the Western Pacific from January and July 2020 and from December to May 2021. Following these deployments, the squadron returned to CVW-8. In 2021, CVW-8 was re-assigned to USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78).
Notable squadron members
* Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie
* Timothy J. Keating
* Patrick Walsh | WIKI |
locks(5) libzypp locking file
DESCRIPTION
The file /etc/zypp/locks is read by libzypp at start-up if zypp.conf allows it. The entries are used for initial locking of packages. Locking a package means not allowing to install or uninstall it.
Valid entries are of the form:
attribute: value
Where attributes and their values are described below.
Locks are separated by an empty lines.
ATTRIBUTES
All attributes are lower-case.
repo
specifies repository restriction. Only alias is accepted.
By default all repositories match.
type
resolvable type restriction. The values can be package, patch, pattern, product and srcpackage.
By default all types match.
case_sensitive
if strings are matched case sensitive. The values are true, false, on, off.
The default is case insensitive.
install_status
status of object. Possible states are installed, not-installed and all. If more install statuses are specified then the last one is used. The values are installed for all packages which are installed, non-installed for packages which can be installed or reinstalled and all for both.
The default is all.
match_type
type of string matching in values. Does not affect type and repo which must be specified exactly. The values are exact, substring, regex for regular expressions, glob for matching as on the command line, and word.
The default is substring.
query_string
String to be matched in multiple attributes. Should be restricted by another attribute with empty value (it is recommended, because without restriction expect some performance problems).
version
Restrict the lock only to some versions. It contains two parts: an optional operator and the version.
The operator is ==, !=, <, >, , >=. If operator is not specified then == is used.
The version has the format [epoch:]version[-release].
Example: version: < 0:0.11.4-2
solvable_name
name of object (e.g. zypper)
solvable_summary
summary of object
solvable_arch
architecture of object (e.g. x86_64, i586)
solvable_description
description of object
solvable_eula
license text of objects which request accepting license by user
solvable_license
license of package (only for package) (e.g. GPL2)
solvable_keywords
keywords which specify package (only for package)
solvable_authors
authors of package (only for package)
solvable_group
package group (only for package) (e.g. Development/Tools/Version Control )
update_reference_type
reference for update (e.g. bugzilla,cve) (only for patches)
EXAMPLES
Exact Package
This is the way YaST UI does it. Lock k3b (e.g. you don't want to update it).
-----locks-----
type: package
solvable_name: k3b
match_type: exact
case_sensitive: on
Package Wildcard
This is the way "zypper addlock cross-*-gcc-icecream-backend" does it.
-----locks-----
type: package
solvable_name: cross-*-gcc-icecream-backend
match_type: glob
case_sensitive: on
Versioned Lock
Do not install new GCC. This format is used when converting from the openSUSE-10.3 lock format.
-----locks-----
solvable_name: gcc
match_type: glob
version: > 4.2
Anything named KDE
Locks everything which contains kde in the name.
-----locks-----
solvable_name: kde
Anything mentioning KDE
Locks everything which contains kde in the name, summary, or description.
-----locks-----
query_string: kde
solvable_name:
solvable_summary:
solvable_description:
HOMEPAGE
This manual page only covers the most important attributes. The complete list is available at http://en.opensuse.org/Libzypp/Locksfile
AUTHORS
Josef Reidinger <[email protected]> Manual page contributions by Martin Vidner <[email protected]>. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Principles to be mastered in the development and u
2022-08-02
• Detail
Principles to be mastered in the development and use of modern cutting tools
with the continuous development of modern metal cutting technology, the understanding of cutting tools is also deepening. Experts suggest that the insiders update the concept of cutting tools, and correctly master the following principles when developing and using tools
1. Cost calculation
generally speaking, the tool cost only accounts for 3% of the total cost of metal cutting
therefore, reducing the cost of the tool itself has little effect on saving the total processing cost. However, the total cost of machining can be greatly reduced by using advanced tools (although the tool cost may increase). Therefore, we should focus on reducing the processing cost per piece rather than the tool cost as the primary goal
2. Tool is a system
everyone working in the IT department knows that a successful computer system is the correct combination of hardware and software, and the synchronous update of hardware and software is very important. The same way of thinking should be adopted for cutting tools: the tool body and tool collet are hardware, and the indexable blade is software. Therefore, when upgrading the blade technology, the improvement of the tool body and the tool collet must be considered at the same time. And vice versa
example: the blade and tool holder of millshred milling cutter adopt sawtooth design, so that the chip produced by the cutter is small and easy to be discharged from the cutting area
3. It is not only the blade that needs coating
high tech coating can significantly improve the performance of cemented carbide blades, and the tool body can also benefit from the coating. The hard coating on the tool body can prevent the tool body from wearing due to contact with high-speed hot chips, and because the lubricity of the tool body surface is enhanced after coating, the chips can flow more smoothly in the chip holding groove
Clamp the standard tensile sample of corresponding force value on the experimental machine
example: iscar's heliplus series tools are coated with hardtouchcoating on the tool body, which can prolong the service life of the tool body and help to remove chips from the cutting area
4. Development of multi-functional tools for multi task machine tools the development of multi task machine tools has had an unprecedented and significant impact on the improvement of the minimum yield of contraction stress required for the thin aquapro 37 to achieve reliable waterproof sealing effect. However, the increase of spindle, turret and rotating shaft on the machine tool also reduces and limits the space and quantity of tool configuration. In order to adapt to this change, a tool chuck can be equipped with several multi-functional blades, which can complete surface turning, inner diameter turning, outer diameter turning, drilling, lifting the piston with the connecting rod hinged with the cross plate to drill step holes, internal thread processing and other processing without changing the tool. The innovative application of various specially designed multi-functional tools can play a great role in giving full play to the machining flexibility of multi task machine tools
example: the multi-functional tool composed of a group of HSK tool collets and tool adapters is very suitable for multi task machine tools with limited tool magazine or turret space. The multi-function tool can also reduce the tool change and the related processing auxiliary time. 5. modular tool shanks are conducive to lean production
in order to maintain the number of tool varieties and specifications at a manageable level, modular tool shanks that can adapt to various interchangeable solid carbide cutting heads should be considered. Because the cutting head can be easily replaced or exchanged when the tool handle is clamped on the machine tool, the tool loading time can be shortened. A set of modular long tool shanks can enable the tool to reach the deep groove or the bottom of the mold cavity for processing, which has better processing economy than using the overall cemented carbide tool that can cover the same processing range. Another advantage of modular steel tool shanks is that they can better absorb the impact force (such as the impact force caused by the non concentricity of turning tools and lathe spindles), while cemented carbide tool shanks are easier to be damaged in this case
example: ballplus milling system is composed of a group of cylindrical and conical modular tool shanks and five different milling inserts, which can replace and rotate the milling head when the tool chuck is still clamped on the machine tool
6. Power consumption cannot be ignored
tool manufacturers are working hard to develop tool products that can reduce the power consumption of machine tools. In addition to saving energy (which is more important now than in the past), tools with small power demand for machine tools usually have a longer service life, less wear and strain on machine tool spindles and guide rails, and less vibration. A good example is that boring cutters that require less torque allow the use of longer boring bars without loss of machining accuracy
it would be a great oversight not to mention the power consumption when discussing any new tools. A 10% reduction in tool cutting force is likely to increase tool life by 50%
example: the heliturn turning blade adopts a double-sided spiral cutting edge and is clamped tangentially by the tool chuck. The cutting force of this blade design is small, and it can be machined at a feed rate of 1.2mm/r in the traditional turning with a cutting depth of 8mm and the surface turning with a cutting depth of 3.2mm
7. To ensure the correct clamping force
when tightening the clamping screw after the blade is rotated, it is necessary to accurately measure the applied torque value instead of just guessing. Insufficient clamping force may cause blade chatter or it is difficult to maintain the required machining accuracy; Excessive clamping force may cause the blade or groove to break. In order to eliminate the uncertainty of clamping force, the simplest method is to use a torque wrench to tighten the screw. This wrench can automatically display the signal when the clamping force reaches the set level
8. Upgrading the CAM programming software
cnc machining programming does not only give the correct cutting speed and feed rate, but also the tool machining path must match the machining ability of the tool
however, not all CAM software can realize motion programming that can optimize the cutting performance of advanced tools. Therefore, it must be ensured that the programming software you use will not hold you back. At present, the development of programming software lags behind the development of cutting tools. 9. reduce or eliminate vibration
in the real estate industry, the most important factor to determine the commercial value of a house or a piece of real estate is location. For the successful application of cutting tools, the most important determinant is vibration. Generally, the key to reduce or eliminate vibration is to control the cutting force to make it the most stable and rigid element in the machining system. Therefore, the vibration control method must be verified for each machining scheme proposed to change the tool configuration, which is very important for prolonging the tool life, protecting the machine tool spindle and improving the machining surface finish
example: the feedmill end mill uses a triangular positive angle blade to obtain a large circular arc cutting edge. This structural design has good cutting stability, can improve the cutting speed, and the feed rate can reach 3.5mm per tooth
10. Make full use of the indexable value
we should make full use of the full value of the original concept of indexable cutting edges of cemented carbide inserts, develop tool models that can provide the maximum benefit of multiple cutting edges, and ensure that all cutting edges can really play a cutting role. Some tool holders (such as some indexable milling cutter bodies) do not provide protection for each cutting edge, resulting in the failure of one or more blade cutting edges
example: tool manufacturers have developed indexable inserts with up to 8 effective cutting edges. For example, heliocto milling cutter has 8 cutting edges and can hold 2 different types of blades. The tool can be used for surface milling, slope milling, deep shoulder milling, cavity milling, die milling and other milling processes
11. The combination processing method
can improve the processing efficiency, reduce the processing cost, and shorten or omit the processing time and tool change time required by previous separate processing processes
in addition, the tool cost can be reduced due to the reduction of the number of tools required for machining
example: the dual design of finishred milling cutter can combine two different machining processes into one. The cutter has two sawtooth chip holding grooves and two continuous chip holding grooves, which can complete the rough and finish machining of the workpiece at one time
12. Maximize the benefit of coolant
do not use the dirty coolant. Efficiency often determines the success or failure of machining tasks, especially in hole machining. For a bit that can supply coolant, delivering coolant to the cutting edge only completes half of the task, while the other half of the task is how to effectively discharge the chips out of the hole, which means that the flow of coolant and the flow of chips must be considered equally
delivering coolant through the blade is another cooling strategy that can be selected. Even for some machining tools that seem unlikely (such as cutting tools), this cooling method can also be considered
example: the design of the internal cooling channel of the jet cut cutter helps to eliminate the chip buildup. The coolant is directly applied to the cutting area to cool the cutting heat. At the same time, the coolant flowing inside the cutter can cool the blade itself
Copyright © 2011 JIN SHI | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Granite Monthly Volume 10.djvu/384
368
��Origin and Meaning of Proper Names.
��persons and places must be among the earliest forms of human s[)eech. " Of all the faculties," says Mr. Far- rar, wherewith God has endowed His noblest creature, none is more divine and ra3'sterious than the faculty of speech. It is the gift whereby man is raised above the beasts : the gift whereby soul speaks to soul ; the gift whereby mere pulses of articu- lated air become breathing; thouohts and burning words ; the gift whereby we understand the affections of men, and give expression to the worship of God ; the gift whereby the lip of di- vine inspiration uttering things sim- ple and unperfumed and unadorned, reacheth with its passionate voice through a thousand generations by the help of God." One of the earli- est uses on record of this divine gift to man was in the naming of the creatures which God had made ; and " whatsoever Adam called every liv- ing thing, that was the name thereof." The beasts, birds, fishes, and insects which Adam then named, have re- paid the debt of gratitude they owed him by returning the favor a thousand fold, and giving their names to whole families of his descendants. This is literally true in all languages. In our own tongue almost every animal has its representative man. Consider the following catalogue of surnames collected by Mr. Lower, which are common to men and quadrupeds: " Ass, Bear, Buck, Badger, Bull, Bul- lock, Boar, Beaver, Catt, Colt, Cone}', Cattle, Cow, Calfe, Deer, Doe, Fox, Fawn, Goat, Goodsheep, Hart, Hogg, Hare, Lamb, Hound, Heifer, Kine, Kitten, Kydd, Lyon, Leppard, Lev- eret, Mare, Mule, Mole, Oxen, Otter, Oldbuck, Panther, Puss, Poodle,
��Palfrey, Pigg, Roebuck, Ram, Rab- bit, Roe, Setter, Steed, Stallion, Steer, Squirrel, Seal, Stagg, Tiger, Wildbore, and Weatherhogg."
His list of birds, represented by human names, is so striking that it will perhaps repay perusal. It is this: "Bird, Blackbird, Bunting, Bulfinch, Buzzard, Coote, Crane, Cock, Cuckoo, Crake, Chick, Chick- en, Chaffinch, Crowe, Capou, Drake, Duck, Dove, Daw, Egles, Fowle, Finch, Falcon, Goshawk, Grouse, Gander, Goose, Gosling, Gull, Gold- finch, Hawke, Howlett, Heron, Hearne, Jay, Kite, Linnet, Lark, Mallard, Nightingale, Peacock, Par- tridge, Plieasant, Pidgeon, Parrot, Raven, Rooke, Ruff, Swan, Sparrow, Swallow, Sparrowhawk, Starling, Stork, Swift, Turtle, Teale, Thrush, Throssel, Wildrake, Wildgoose, Woodcock, Woodpecker, and Wren." These are true and ancient names, as Tacitus says of the old German ap- pellations of tribes, — " Eaque vera et antiqua nomina." They are suffi- ciently unique yet authentic, having been all identified from written re- cords. The various finny tribes walk the earth with countenances erect, from the " Whale " to the " Smelt ; " from the " Sharke " to the "Sprat" and "Gudgeon." But there are still gradations of names descending to in- sects and vegetables. Think of a hero rejoicing in the euphonious name of "Flea," "Fly," "Spider," or "Worm." Could a man, bearing such a name, ever rise to eminence? Who would vote for a statesman whose name was " Bugg," "Wasp," or "Moth"? Yet, "What's in a name?"
If Alexander had borne the name
�� � | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:House of Israel music
* The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the miscellany page below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the page's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result of the debate was delete. Daniel.Bryant 06:27, 14 February 2007 (UTC)
User:House of Israel music
Content is not related to Wikipedia, essentially a personal web page Fred Bauder 04:08, 11 February 2007 (UTC)
* Delete- user isn't doing anything encyclopedia related, keeps removing CSD tags (however, I must agree that it isn't speedyable, unfortunately). Jorcoga ( Hi! / Review ) 05:38, Sunday, 11 February '07
* Delete - advertising --BigDT 13:40, 11 February 2007 (UTC)
* Delete per BigDT. Causesobad → (Talk) 15:44, 11 February 2007 (UTC)
* Delete Per comments made above as-well as Wikipedia is not myspace or for advertisments. Telly addict Editor review! 16:32, 11 February 2007 (UTC)
* Delete Nearly everything this dude has contributed is to his userpage. — ♥ Tohru Honda13 ♥ 20:11, 11 February 2007 (UTC)
* Comment I nominated this article for deletion, and I hope I didn't bite the newbie. I do not believe the author understands Wikipedia's purpose, or even how to edit it properly. She probably removed the tags without even really knowing what she did. She needs to use MySpace instead. Liberal Classic 21:36, 11 February 2007 (UTC)
* Speedy delete advert. -- Selmo (talk) 03:15, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
* This is not true, I am the aritst House of Israel music
* Madonna, BT and Sting all have pages on wikipedia and they all are bios, promotions and have links to there websites, that is a lie. here are the link here on wikipedia,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_%28entertainer%29 The artist, BT the artist, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Transeau Sting the aritst. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sting what are you talking about? are these artist not on wikipedia? well i am also an artist and should get the same wrights as anyone of these artists!
* any helpfull comments, would help. but, i do appriciate critique to help me improve , not kill. but if I am doing something not acceptable here on Wikipedia, tell me but be truthfull. If House of israel music is not welcome,in an atempt to get it off this site completly then just do it, then, my intention was not to sell anything, not at all.like i said, BT Maddona Sting all have pages on Wikipedia. If this rule Bio, self promo applies to me then it should apply to all on this site,If not then there is different rules for different people. and there would be favor shown to these aformentioned artists. Have you had a look into the pages already approved here on Wikipedia? If you delete me then you Must delete Madonna, Sting and BT. if you dont, then you show favor to these one. and that is absolutly not justified. So do what you will, the true message of God will be spoken with or without wikipedia's help and will continue with Gods will, somewhere else. thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by House of Israel music (talk • contribs) 20:38, 11 February 2007
* There are several differences between your case and the article on Madonna.
* Your page is in user-space, which is intended to help you contribute to the encyclopedia. A page like Madonna is in the place for encyclopedia articles.
* Your page was written by yourself. It is very hard to keep a neutral point of view when writing about yourself, and much you write may be unverifiable
* Madonna is notable and easily meets Wikipedia's notability guidelines. I don't see evidence from reliable sources showing that you meet the requirements
* Please don't take offence, it's just that it looks like you're using Wikipedia for a purpose not permitted here. —Dgiest c 19:17, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
* Delete. It's not an advert anymore, now it's just a sermon. -Amarkov moo! 05:09, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
* Delete. The creator seems to misunderstand the purpose of userpages. These should only be used only to Wikipedia-related discussion, with only a little information about yourself. They should never be used for purposes of advertising or marketing your own band/product/software and such. The comparison of this userpage with mainspace articles is absurd; First, they are all in the mainspace, not userspace. Second, they are very popular and widely known artists which easily pass the criteria of WP:BAND. If you can provide an evidence of passing that criteria, you may create a neutral article about it in the mainspace. Otherwise, I simply fail to see how it belongs in userspace. Michaelas10 (Talk) 16:28, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
* Delete userpage is being utilized as free webspace due to the user's contribution history solely to that page, Wikipedia is not a webhost.¤~Persian Poet Gal (talk) 23:02, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
* Delete. irrelevant to WP. YechielMan 00:52, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Buyers take a shine to Kinross Gold
Someone apparently thinks that Kinross Gold is going higher.
optionMONSTER's Heat Seeker tracking program detected the purchase of 5,000 January 9 calls for $0.69 and the sale of 5,000 January 11 calls for $0.26, resulting in a net cost of $0.43. Volume was below open interest in the 9s, so there are two possible explanations for the activity.
One is that the investor owns shares and had previously sold the 9s short as part of covered call trade. He or she then closed that position and rolled it to the higher strike, allowing them to receive an additional $2 if the shares rally.
Alternatively, both contracts may have been opened. In that case the trade is a new bullish call spread that will earn maximum profit of 365 percent on a move to $11. (See our Education section)
KGC rose 4.39 percent to close at $8.08. The stock lost more than one-third of its value in between the start of the year and mid-May but has working its way sideways since then. It also had bullish activity earlier in the month, followed by call buying in related companies such as Barrick Gold , AngloGold Ashanti , and Gold Fields .
Overall option volume in KGC was more than twice its daily average yesterday, with calls outnumbering puts by 12 to 1.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 OptionMonster® Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Suhas Lalinakere Yathiraj
Suhas Lalinakere Yathiraj (born 2 July 1983) is an Arjuna awardee Indian professional Para-Badminton player currently ranked world No.1 in men's singles and silver medalist in SL-4 category in Tokyo Paralympics 2021. Suhas is also an IAS officer of the 2007 batch of Uttar Pradesh cadre, he has also served as District Magistrate of Gautam Buddha Nagar & Prayagraj. He became National Champion after winning gold medal in Men's Singles category at second National Para Badminton Championships held at Varanasi in March 2018. He is also an engineer who graduated from National Institute of Technology. He is the only IAS officer in India to win a Paralympic medal and an Arjuna Award.
At the 2016 Asian Para Badminton Championships, Beijing, China, he became the first Indian bureaucrat to win a professional International Badminton Championship. He won gold beating Hary Susanto of Indonesia in the finals when he was serving as District Magistrate of Azamgarh. He came to International attention when he won gold and became first ever serving Indian bureaucrat to represent and win a medal for India at global level.
In December, 2016, he became the recipient of Uttar Pradesh's highest civilian honor, the Yash Bharti, which he received on 1 December 2016 from the erstwhile Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav. On 3 December, World Disabilities Day, he received award from the state government for his performances in para sports. He also holds distinctive record for winning many awards while serving in his official capacity. He has been awarded for his performances by Governor of Uttar Pradesh for his duties related to elections, by Revenue Minister and Chairman, Board of Revenue for duties regarding revenue administration. Suhas is also supported by GoSports Foundation through the Para Champions Programme.
Since his appointment in February 2023, he is serving as the Secretary and Director General of Youth Welfare and Prantiya Rakshak Dal, a department of the Government of Uttar Pradesh.
Early life and education
Suhas Lalinakere Yathiraj was born to Yathiraj L K(late) and Jayashree C S in Hassan, Karnataka. Sibling : Sharath L Y, His early schooling happened in Dudda near Hassan district. Since his father was a government servant, he had to travel and move with father during his postings at different places. He did most of his secondary education in DVS independent college Shivamogga, Karnataka. He graduated from National Institute of Technology, Surathkal, Karnataka in Computer Science and Engineering branch in 2004 by scoring First class with Distinction.
Personal life
Suhas is married to Ritu Suhas, who got selected as Mrs U.P in Mrs. India 2019 contest a PCS officer currently posted as ADM (Administration) in Ghaziabad. His daughter Saanvi is 5 years old and son Vivaan is 2 years old. His wife has also been awarded for excellent work in voter awareness in general elections.
Paralympic Games
Men's singles SL4
World Championships
Men's singles
Asian Championships
Men's singles
In sports
* Awarded Arjuna Award (2nd Highest Sport Award after Khel Ratna) (2021)
* Yash Bharti, highest civilian honour of UP. (2016)
* Best Para Sportsperson, by State government of Uttar Pradesh on World Disability Day on 3 December 2016 in Lucknow
* Memento felicitation by president BAI (Badminton Association of India) during PBL (Premier Badminton League) in Lucknow on 6 January 2017
* On the occasion of National Sports Day, 2017 (August, 29th, 2017), he was given special award by Hon'ble Chief Minister, UP for winning International Medals for the Country and also received cash prize of 10 Lac rupees and appreciation certificate.
In administration
* In 2016, he received Yash Bharti, UP's highest civilian award.
* Shortlisted for Prime Minister's award for excellent performance in Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Award
* Developed Mobile Application for Kuposhan ka Darpan and Pregnancy ka Darpan, to help undernourished children and pregnant mothers
* Developed Mobile Application for helping differently abled voters during general elections
* Awarded by Revenue minister, Government of UP and Chairman Board of Revenue for excellent work in administration
* Awarded by Hon’ble Governor UP for good performance in election related work
* During his tenure as the District Magistrate, Azamgarh, he also got shortlisted for Prime Minister's award for exemplary work in PM Jan Dhan Yojna on civil services day, 2016 | WIKI |
Travel Stocks TOUR, TCOM Rise as China Loosens Quarantine Requirements
InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips
With China reportedly loosening its restrictions to curb Covid-19 infections, several travel stocks are on the move today. Two stocks in particular, Tuniu (NASDAQ:TOUR) and Trip.com (NASDAQ:TCOM), have clearly caught the attention of buy-side traders this morning.
Earlier this year, a fresh wave of Covid-19 infections put negative pressure on an already-troubled Chinese economy. The nation implemented a “zero-Covid” policy, which weighed heavily on travel companies with business in China.
Yet, there’s been some relief for these companies and their investors. China’s government reportedly said it will shorten the quarantine time for international travelers as well as those who have come into close contact with Covid-19 patients. Specifically, it will be reduced from 21 days to 10 days.
Furthermore, China’s government said it will loosen its testing requirements for people in quarantine. Also, travelers to China will be isolated for one week (previously two weeks) in a centralized location before monitoring their health for a further three days (previously one week) at home.
What’s Happening with Travel Stocks Today?
A number of economic sectors might benefit from China’s looser Covid-19 restrictions. However, this should prove to be a particularly major boon for travel companies with exposure to China.
Today’s traders quickly absorbed the news and reflected their relief in several travel stocks. Two stocks that moved with unusual speed and trading volume are TOUR and TCOM.
TOUR stock, which represents online packaged tour provider Tuniu, jumped 40% on the news of China’s restriction roll-back. If the upward momentum continues, this stock could test the crucial $1 level.
Meanwhile, shares of travel service provider Trip.com surged 17%. The buyers seem to be targeting the critical $30 resistance level, so keep an eye out for more bullish price action.
Notably, both TOUR and TCOM stock have been on persistent downtrends since the beginning of the year. However, today’s move could be the start of a recovery, or at least a cessation of the bear market, in these travel stocks.
On Penny Stocks and Low-Volume Stocks: With only the rarest exceptions, InvestorPlace does not publish commentary about companies that have a market cap of less than $100 million or trade less than 100,000 shares each day. That’s because these “penny stocks” are frequently the playground for scam artists and market manipulators. If we ever do publish commentary on a low-volume stock that may be affected by our commentary, we demand that InvestorPlace.com’s writers disclose this fact and warn readers of the risks.
Read More: Penny Stocks — How to Profit Without Getting Scammed
On the date of publication, David Moadel did not have (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.com Publishing Guidelines.
The post Travel Stocks TOUR, TCOM Rise as China Loosens Quarantine Requirements appeared first on InvestorPlace.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Magdalena Neuner/archive3
* The following is an archived discussion of a featured article nomination. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the article's talk page or in Wikipedia talk:Featured article candidates. No further edits should be made to this page.
The article was not promoted by Ucucha 14:29, 10 September 2011.
Magdalena Neuner
* Nominator(s): EnemyOfTheState undefined 19:40, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
I am nominating this for featured article because I believe it meets all featured article criteria. The article is a good article and has been nominated twice before (here and here) over one year ago. Work has been done since then on the page's structure and prose, and it now has 60+ sources which are not the sport's governing body, a concern previously. EnemyOfTheState undefined 19:40, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
* Comment If this article is already a good article, why does it need to be a feature? (just a thought). Mike 2 8 9 21:09, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
* It's not a question of "needing" to be featured. However, featured articles are recognised as examples of Wikipedia's best work; GA status may be a step along the way. Editors are entitled to see whether their work matches up to the tough FA criteria. Brianboulton (talk) 00:05, 16 August 2011 (UTC)
* Lead: Sorry to be a hyphen-nerd, but "all-time", twice. "at ... at". The first could be "in". Comma after "mass start", I think (more than one "and" hanging around). The "also" could be removed: "As part of Germany's World Cup team, she has also won". The "also" here, is it needed? -> "Neuner has established herself as one of the fastest cross-country skiers in biathlon, but has also been noted for her volatile shooting performances in the standing position, often at the expense of better results." And the "but": is it really a contrastive to the preceding clause? 'Tis a little peacockish in the lead; I hope authoritative sources are provided later in the article for these very positive claims. Tony (talk) 10:28, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* Done. I made the changes, although I'm not sure about the first "all-time" hyphen, because it's not used as an adjective. EnemyOfTheState undefined 12:20, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
Comment: On the hyphen issue, "all-time" requires a hyphen only when used as an adjective, not otherwise (as in the first line). The same is true for "two-time". I have made the necessary adjustments in the article. Brianboulton (talk) 18:37, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
Image review
* Captions that aren't complete sentences should not end in periods. Also, while not required it would be nice to have more captions that don't use the construction "Neuner + -ing"
* I removed the periods and reworded three captions.
* The trophies and medals are three-dimensional works, and thus have copyright independent of pictures taken of them. What is the copyright status of each of the trophies/medals pictured? Nikkimaria (talk) 00:51, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* I would be very surprised if the designs of the sportswoman award and the crystal globes had any international copyright restrictions; they aren't that well known to go to such troubles. The Olympic medals might be a different story, but I don't think so either. There is even a whole category for them on Commons: commons:Category:2010 Winter Olympics medals. EnemyOfTheState undefined 10:55, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
Comment - link check. No broken external links, 1 DAB-link to "Oberhof" (needs disambig). Earwig's tool shows no results (a deeper source check was not done). GermanJoe (talk) 08:05, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Oberhof is done.-- Edgars2007 (Talk/Contributions) 08:41, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
Comments – Couple of quick ones from the lead; don't have time for any more at the moment...
* "With 24 World Cup wins, Neuner is ranked all-time third for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour." Flip the order of "all-time" and "third"?
* Brianboulton made this change, related to the all-time hyphen question. I guess it's more a question of personal preference than grammar? EnemyOfTheState undefined 17:38, 29 August 2011 (UTC)
* The second Biathlon World Championships link looks like a repeat link to the event, but really goes to that year's version. Moving the link to "first appearance" would make this clearer. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Giants2008 (talk • contribs)
* Done. EnemyOfTheState undefined 17:38, 29 August 2011 (UTC)
| WIKI |
TOPICS
Search
Finite Graph
A graph with a finite number of nodes and edges. If it has n nodes and has no multiple edges or graph loops (i.e., it is simple), it is a subgraph of the complete graph K_n.
A graph which is not finite is called infinite. If every node has finite degree, the graph is called locally finite. The Cayley graph of a group with respect to a finite generating set is always locally finite, even if the group itself is infinite.
See also
Cubical Graph, Cycle Graph, de Bruijn Graph, Dodecahedral Graph, Grid Graph, Hanoi Graph, Harary Graph, Hoffman-Singleton Graph, Icosahedral Graph, Moore Graph, Null Graph, Octahedral Graph, Odd Graph, Petersen Graph, Platonic Graph, Polyhedral Graph, Schlegel Graph, Singleton Graph, Star Graph, Tetrahedral Graph, Thomassen Graphs, Turán Graph, Tutte's Graph, Triangular Graph, Wheel Graph
This entry contributed by Margherita Barile
Explore with Wolfram|Alpha
Cite this as:
Barile, Margherita. "Finite Graph." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource, created by Eric W. Weisstein. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/FiniteGraph.html
Subject classifications | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Valued picture candidates/Police motorcycle
Police motorcycle
* Reason:Self nom, meets criterion 1 (added on 30th October), meets criterion 2, good lighting to maximize visible detail. Is also useful from an educational perspective as it provides a closeup of Battenburg markings. Is not an FP, is licensed under cc-by-sa-3.0 (criterion 3&4).
* Articles this image appears in:Bedfordshire Police, Police motorcycle and Battenburg markings.
* Creator:Acather96
* Support as nominator --Acather96 (talk) 08:41, 2 December 2010 (UTC)
* Oppose less ev in most of the articles, bad background, the checkered colors are over-focussed and the the full motorcycle is not in view. -- Extra 999 (Contact me + contribs) 11:04, 2 December 2010 (UTC)
* Comment While I appreciate the background isn't brilliant, I disagree that the colours are over-focussed- if you look at the full size image, I think you will see what I mean. I think that the image has a high EV, for the following reasons. In all three articles this is used in, it illustrates something well: in Bedfordshire Police, it provides a detailed picture of their operational fleet, the force's logo is also visible. In Battenburg markings, the image is prominently displayed (not in the gallery) with a good caption, and it is the only closeup of British police battenburg markings on a modern-day motorcycle. And lastly, in Police motorcycle, while in a gallery, the image is the only one of a British Police Motorcycle on that page. Acather96 (talk) 11:35, 2 December 2010 (UTC)
* This shows low ev (read criterias) plus the whole motorcycle is not in view and the background is distracting. -- Extra 999 (Contact me + contribs) 11:53, 3 December 2010 (UTC)
* I've read the criteria, in fact this is the first nomination I have seen where evidence that each section of the criteria has been met is provided, often nominations will just say 'High EV' etc. Furthermore, the paragraph above explains how the image is valuable to the encyclopedia (it's worth noting it is not in a gallery in Battenburg markings). And lasly, in terms of the background and the genuinley tiny part of the motorcycle that has been cut off, I draw your attention to criterion 2c which states:
* "Encyclopedic value is more important than an attractive appearance" Acather96 (talk) 08:13, 4 December 2010 (UTC)
* Ok. But as Spongie said, it is in gallery of the main article. Plus the cut-off lessens EV. I see that the appearance rule doesn't mean it distracts it's Ev (because of unmatching colurs) by it's appearance. -- Extra 999 (Contact me + contribs) 08:18, 11 December 2010 (UTC)
* Oppose Its in the gallery in its main article and in Bedfordshire police article. Spongie555 (talk) 05:13, 3 December 2010 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:List of American Gladiators events/Archive 1
Proposed merge (2013)
The events listed on List of American Gladiators events and List of Gladiators UK events are mostly the same. These should be merged into a single List of Gladiators events, with the sections on individual events detailing any differences between them. The outcome of this discussion will determine the ultimate target of the remaining redlinks from Articles for deletion/Atlaspheres. bd2412 T 23:16, 14 September 2013 (UTC)
* Support. List of Gladiators UK events appears to be the more concise article so I would use the info there as a basis and then add anything appropriate from List of American Gladiators events to each event. AldezD (talk) 13:23, 15 September 2013 (UTC)
* Strong oppose. They are two separate series and did not include the same events with the same rules. To merge them would be counterproductive. --ChrisP2K5 (talk) 07:27, 3 February 2014 (UTC)
* There was a great deal of overlap in their events. bd2412 T 15:24, 3 February 2014 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 2 external links on List of American Gladiators events. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080530063919/http://www.nbc.com/American_Gladiators/arena/sideswipe.shtml to http://www.nbc.com/American_Gladiators/arena/sideswipe.shtml
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080528093121/http://www.nbc.com/American_Gladiators/arena/snapback.shtml to http://www.nbc.com/American_Gladiators/arena/snapback.shtml
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 02:39, 17 May 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
[Xorg] small fix for xcompmgr
Ely Levy elylevy-xserver at cs.huji.ac.il
Thu Jul 8 03:33:06 PDT 2004
it seems tz does some problems,
(and is marked abosolete),
and since it is not used anyhow..
Ely Levy
System group
Hebrew University
Jerusalem Israel
-------------- next part --------------
Index: xcompmgr.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvs/xapps/xcompmgr/xcompmgr.c,v
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -r1.23 xcompmgr.c
--- xcompmgr.c 8 Jul 2004 07:07:26 -0000 1.23
+++ xcompmgr.c 8 Jul 2004 10:30:51 -0000
@@ -164,9 +164,8 @@
get_time_in_milliseconds ()
{
struct timeval tv;
- struct timezone tz;
- gettimeofday (&tv, &tz);
+ gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
return tv.tv_sec * 1000 + tv.tv_usec / 1000;
}
More information about the xorg mailing list | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
globin
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
globin
[glo´bin]
1. the protein constituent of hemoglobin.
2. any of a group of proteins similar to the typical globin.
glo·bin
(glō'bin),
The protein of hemoglobin; α-globin and β-globin represent the two types of chains found in adult hemoglobin.
Synonym(s): hematohiston
globin
/glo·bin/ (glo´bin)
1. the protein constituent of hemoglobin.
2. any of a group of proteins similar to the typical globin.
globin
(glō′bĭn)
n.
Any of a group of heme-containing proteins, including myoglobin and hemoglobin, that can bind oxygen and other gases.
globin
[glō′bin]
Etymology: L, globus, ball
a group of four protein molecules that become bound by the iron in heme molecules to form hemoglobin or myoglobin.
glo·bin
(glō'bin)
The protein of hemoglobin; α-globin and β-globin represent the two types of chains found in adult hemoglobin.
Synonym(s): hematohiston.
globin
A term for the collection of four polypeptides in the haemoglobin molecule.
Globin
One of the component protein molecules found in hemoglobin. Normal adult hemoglobin has a pair each of alpha-globin and beta-globin molecules.
glo·bin
(glō'bin)
The protein of hemoglobin; α-globin and β-globin represent the two types of chains found in adult hemoglobin.
Synonym(s): hematohiston.
globin
the protein constituent of hemoglobin; also, any member of a group of proteins similar to the typical globin.
References in periodicals archive ?
Thalassemias are caused by mutations that reduce globin gene expression in red blood cell precursors.
Prevalence of mutations of alpha globin gene in suspected alpha carrier couples, Babolsar, 2006-2011.
In contrast, some studies argue that globin histone hyperacetylation induced is not the primary mechanism of SCFA [5]; yet, HDAC inhibitors are often potent [gamma]-globin inducers [47, 48].
HbVar: A relational database of human hemoglobin variants and thalassemia mutations at the globin gene server.
1972) In vitro synthesis of DNA complementary to purified Rabbit globin mRNA.
Alpha thalassemia occurs when a gene or genes related to the alpha globin protein are missing or changed (mutated).
Sickle-cell hemoglobin is a single point mutation occurring when there is a substitution of valine (V) for glutamic acid (E) at the sixth amino acid position in the beta globin gene (10).
The gene provides the template for the production of beta globin.
208G>A, beta 69 (E13)Gly>Ser) seems to be a rare P globin variant, which was found initially in Caucasoid families (1, 2); later in a Turkish one (3); in an Italian family from Naples (4); in a Nigerian newborn and his mother in Madrid, Spain (5, 6) and in 2 out of 2105 hemoglobin samples collected along 5 years in Switzerland (7).
In thalassemia, the genetic defect results in reduced rate of synthesis of one of the globin chains that make up hemoglobin.
Talasemi sendromlan, oldukca genis genetik cesitlilik gostermekte olup, sentezi bozulmus olan globin zincirine gore [alpha], [beta], [gamma], [delta], [delta[[beta], [epsilon][gamma][delta][beta], talasemi olarak adlandirilir. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Virtual Incision raises $18M for miniature general surgery robots
Virtual Incision is developing remotely operated robots that are small enough to perform abdominal surgeries in challenging locations, whether that's in a field hospital or aboard the International Space Station. The company, headquartered in Lincoln, Nebraska, with offices in Pleasanton, California, has already tested its robots on NASA's "vomit comit," a plane that flies in parabolas to create weightlessness, and in a NASA mission that put astronauts in an underwater habitat to simulate the remoteness of space. The robots have yet to fly with the International Space Station, but the start-up is hoping to land its technology there in the future, and perhaps even on missions to the moon and Mars. According to Chief of Technology and co-founder Shane Farritor, Virtual Incision's robots are like laptops compared to the mainframe-sized devices out on the market today, namely Intuitive Surgical's da Vinci Surgical System. Virtual Incision's "robotically assisted surgical device," or RASD, is only about as big as a person's fist. It weighs just two pounds, and is made of materials that are safe for use inside the body. By contrast, other robots used to perform surgeries weigh hundreds or thousands of pounds and aren't portable. Rather than featuring arms that reach all around a patient, Virtual Incision's robot goes into the body through a small incision along the navel, and maneuvers within using miniaturized tools, including a tiny laparoscope, graspers and scissors. Farritor said, "This robot is strong, but small and easy to position inside the body. In general surgery abdominal procedures, the patient's abdomen is pumped full of CO2 and you'd traditionally have numerous cuts made through your muscle, lining and stomach wall to do something like a colon re-section. With this, a surgeon can get 360-degree access to the abdomen and work on the large organs through a single incision." Patients who undergo surgeries with this should have much faster recovery times as a result, Murphy said. Big investors are betting on Virtual Incision's approach to surgical robotics, which is to make them safe and effective but also small, affordable and portable. An investment arm of the China-based healthcare company Sinopharm, and Bluestem Capital are among the investors in a new, $18 million Series B round of funding, CNBC has learned. Murphy said that the capital will go towards putting Virtual Incision's robots through FDA clearances, then ramping up manufacturing and conducting additional clinical studies. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The Tower of Katavati in Sifnos: Built in 400 B.C., the Tower of Katavati is located in Kade on the way to Vathi. Sifnos is dotted with such towers most of which are in ruins. These towers bear testimony to the rich past that Sifnos had.
All of them were constructed during the 6th and 3rd century B.C. The dating was done from the remnants of pottery found in the ruins and by the size and method of construction. Almost fifty-seven towers have been identified in Sifnos although only a few remain standing. The towers are seen to have two floors and are separated by walls inside the tower. These towers are high, round in shape and built on strategic locations on the island.
Although there are many theories about the purpose of these towers, it is believed that they are watchtowers to warn islanders if any sea-borne threat is perceived especially from pirates. It is also said to house women and children during an attack and store food supplies.
In 524 B.C, Sifnos was attacked by the Samians who destroyed property and killed many of the inhabitants. Sifnos had a prospering community and they were attacked when they refused to pay the money demanded by Samians. The towers of Sifnos are said to have been built to repulse further attacks and defend Sifnos. It is believed that large fires would be lit which warned the villagers in case of attack. Seeing the fire from one tower, the closest one would start a fire and it would be lit from tower to tower spreading the message. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Justice Shepherd
Justice Shepherd or Shepard may refer to:
* Allan G. Shepherd (c. 1923–1989), associate justice of the Idaho Supreme Court
* James E. Shepherd (1847–1910), associate justice and chief justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court
* Randall T. Shepard (born 1946), associate justice and chief justice of the Supreme Court of Indiana
* Seth Shepard (1847–1917), associate justice and chief justice of the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia | WIKI |
layout/Panels is missing its dependency on enyo/Control
Description
layout/Panels relies on enyo/Control as the default super kind rather than specifying it. As a result, the following code errors because enyo/Control is never required which provides the setLayoutKind method (via UiComponent).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 var Panels = require('layout/Panels'); module.exports = Panels.kind({ name: "pages", fit: true, draggable: true, components: [ {content: "Page 1"}, {content: "Page 2"}, {content: "Page 3"}, {content: "Page 4"} ] });
Environment
Any
Status
Assignee
Ryan Duffy
Reporter
Ryan Duffy
Labels
None
External issue ID
None
Tango Test Run Elements
None
Old Issue Key
None
Components
Affects versions
2.6
Future
Priority
None | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
CHRYSLER CORPORATION, Plaintiff, v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY, General Motors Corporation, County of Wayne, Michigan, The Charter Township of Ypsilanti, Ypsilanti Community Utilities Authority, and the Regents of the University of Michigan, Defendants, and FORD MOTOR COMPANY, General Motors Corporation, County of Wayne, Michigan, The Charter Township of Ypsilanti, Ypsilanti Community Utilities Authority, and the Regents of the University of Michigan, Third-Party Plaintiffs, v. CHRYSLER PENTASTAR AVIATION, INC., Third-Party Defendant.
Civil Action No. 95-72112.
United States District Court, E.D. Michigan, Southern Division.
Aug. 21, 1997.
Steven C. Kohl, Howard & Howard, Bloomfield Hills, MI, for plaintiffs.
Eugene Driker and John Libby, Barris, Sott, Denn & Driker, Detroit, MI, for defendants.
OPINION AND ORDER
FEIKENS, District Judge.
This dispute centers on response costs for the cleanup of pollution at the Willow Run Creek Site (“Willow Run”) in Wayne and Washtenaw Counties. Willow Run is well known in Michigan as the site where Ford Motor Company produced bomber airplanes during World War II. Defendants are the pi-evious and current owners and operators of Willow Run Airport, a nearby waste water treatment facility, and nearby industrial plants: Ford Motor Company (“Ford”), General Motors Corporation (“GM”), Wayne County, Ypsilanti Township, the Ypsilanti Utilities Authority, and the University of Michigan Regents. These parties negotiated a consent decree with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (“MDNR”, now Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, “MDEQ”), acting as an agent for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), to implement a remedial action plan for Willow Run pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), 42 U.S.C. § 9601 et seq. The consent decree was entered in March 1995.
Plaintiff Chrysler Corporation (“Chrysler”) was not a party to the 1995 consent decree, though in July 1993 it had received notice that it was a potentially liable party under CERCLA § 107(a), 42 U.S.C. § 9607(a). Chrysler filed this lawsuit seeking a declaratory judgment that it is not liable for response costs under CERCLA or the Michigan Environmental Response Act (“MERA”, now the Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, “NREPA”), M.C.L. § 324.20101 et seq. Chrysler’s complaint seeks a declaration that it is not liable for CERCLA or MERA response costs because of its 1987 purchase of a company formerly know as Kaiser Manufacturing Corporation (“KMC”), which had been a subsidiary of the Kaiser-Frazer Corporation (“KFC”). Chrysler denies that it is a successor in interest to KFC by virtue of its purchase of KMC. While Chrysler admits that it is the successor to KMC, it seeks a declaration that KMC did not “own,” “operate,” or “arrange” for disposal of hazardous substances at Willow Run as defined by CERCLA or MERA.
Defendants filed a counterclaim in which they asserted that Chrysler is not only liable as the successor to KFC and KMC, but also that Chrysler and third-party defendant Chrysler Pentastar Aviation, Inc. (“Pentastar”) are directly liable by virtue of their own activities at Hangar One of the Willow Run Airport. In addition to CERCLA and MERA liability, defendants assert theories of public nuisance and undue enrichment.
A November 7, 1995 stipulated case management order separated liability issues (“Phase I”) from allocation questions (“Phase II”). After I denied motions for summary judgment from both sides, a bench trial was begun on July 15, 1997 on Phase I issues. The issues at trial were limited to Chrysler’s successor in interest liability.
For the x-easons stated below, I find that Chi-ysler is not the successor in interest to KFC and therefore is not liable under CERCLA, MERA or the common law for releases of hazardous wastes by KFC. I do not now rule whether Chrysler’s acknowledged predecessor in interest, KMC, was an “operator” or “axTangei'” under CERCLA and MERA. Neither do I decide the amount of Chrysler and Pentastar’s liability for activities in Hangar One; since Chrysler and Pentastar admit liability for Hangar One as a threshold matter, the only remaining issue is cost allocation, which has not yet been subject to discovery or argument.
I. Jurisdiction
This court has exclusive jurisdiction over the CERCLA claims pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331 and 42 U.S.C. § 9613(b). I exercise supplemental jurisdiction over state law claims pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1367. Authority to issue a declaratory judgment and other necessary relief is provided by 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201 and 2202. Venue is proper pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1391(b) and (c) and 42 U.S.C. § 9613(b).
II. Background
Key to this case is the relationship between a parent and subsidiary corporation controlled by the Kaiser family. The parent, Kaiser-Frazer Corporation, produced motor vehicles at the Willow Run Manufacturing Plant from 1946 to 1953. By the time KFC’s manufacturing and assembly operations at Willow Run ended, it was known as Kaiser Motors Corporation. Subsequently, a 1956 reox-ganization turned the coi'poration into a holding company for various Kaiser interests, at which point it was known as Kaiser Industries.
The subsidiary, Kaiser Manufactux’iixg Corporation, was created when a formerly inactive KFC subsidiary, Phoenix Iron Works Corporation, was activated in 1951. As will be discussed in greater detail, this was done in order to secure contracts for military aircraft which were also produced at Willow Run in the following years. In 1953, KMC changed its name to Willys Motor's Coxporation when it bought the assets of Willys-Ovexiand of Toledo, Ohio. It was later renamed Kaiser-Jeep until its stock was purchased by American Motors Corporation (“AMC”) in 1970. Chrysler in tarn purchased AMC and its wholly-owned Jeep subsidiax-y in 1987.
For the sake of simplicity, throughout this opinion I x*efer to the pai’ent corpoi’ation as “KFC” and the subsidiary as “KMC” (ie., Kaiser Manufacturing Corporation, as distinct from the parent Kaiser Motors Corporation). I x-efer to the Chrysler Corporation in the singular as “Chryslex-” or “plaintiff,” although Chrysler Pentastar Aviation, Inc., was named as a third-party defendant for its activities at the Willow Run Airport.
Chrysler acknowledges that its purchase of AMC makes it a successor in interest to the liabilities of KMC, but maintains that KMC had no activities at Willow Run which could give rise to liability. Chrysler denies the defendants’ claim that KMC was the successor to KFC, and thus denies that its purchase of AMC carried with it liability for KFC’s activities at the site.
Defendants’ claim of successor liability is based on several theories. They assert that when KMC purchased KFC’s assets in 1956, KMC contractually assumed all of KFC’s liabilities, including CERCLA liability. In the alternative, if there was not a contractual assumption of liability, they maintain that the sale created a de facto merger of the two corporations. Finally, they argue that from the time of KMC’s activation in 1951 it was in effect the “alter-ego” of KFC and thus should be held liable for KFC’s waste. In other words, defendants seek to “pierce the corporate veil” and thereby ignore the formal separation of the two companies.
With this opinion, I resolve only Chrysler’s successor in interest liability for KFC’s pollution. I do not decide the extent to which KMC’s activities may have generated direct liability under CERCLA (as an operator or arranger), or common law theories of public nuisance or unjust enrichment. Neither do I decide any issues related to the allocation of response costs, including costs resulting from Chrysler’s operations of Hangar One at the Willow Run Airport, for which Chrysler has acknowledged threshold CERCLA liability.
III. Choice of law
CERCLA does not limit or define successor in interest liability. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (“Sixth Circuit”) has held that this question is answered by the application of state corporation law principles rather than federal common law. Anspec Co., Inc. v. Johnson Controls, Inc., 922 F.2d 1240, 1246 and 1248 (6th Cir.1991). State law applies to a determination of successor liability under an alter-ego theory, United States v. Cordova Chemical Company of Michigan, 113 F.3d 572, 580 (6th Cir.1997), and under a theory based on the purchase of assets, City Management Corp. v. U.S. Chemical Company Inc., 43 F.3d 244, 251 (6th Cir.1994).
The threshold question is, which state’s law shall govern? Defendants argue that the law of the state of incorporation should govern; since the purported successor liabilities of KMC are at issue, the law of the state of KMC’s incorporation, Pennsylvania, would presumably control. Plaintiff argues that Michigan law should apply because Michigan has the greatest interest in, and connection to, the events in question.
Previous cases involving CERCLA liability of alleged successor or alter-ego corporations have not directly confronted whether the law of the state of incorporation or the state with the greatest interest in the lawsuit should govern. A plurality concurrence in Anspec references the state of incorporation, without discussion; but from that opinion it appears that the state of incorporation was also the pollution site, so the choice faced in this ease did not arise. Id. at 1248. Similarly, a later decision by the Sixth Circuit applied Michigan law where both predecessor and successor corporation were incorporated in Michigan. City Management at 250 (citing Anspec, supra). But in that ease, as well, Michigan was the site of pollution and other material events. This is an issue of first impression.
In matters of internal corporate governance, the law of the state of incorporation will ordinarily govern; while in matters external to the corporation, more general choice of law rules apply.
“[T]he law of the state of incorporation normally determines issues relating to the internal affairs of a corporation. Application of that body of law achieves the need for certainty and predictability of result while generally protecting the justified expectations of parties with interests in the corporation---- Different conflicts principles apply, however, where the rights of third parties external the corporation are at issue.”
First Nat. City Bank v. Banco Para El Comercio Exterior de Cuba, 462 U.S. 611, 621, 103 S.Ct. 2591, 2597, 77 L.Ed.2d 46 (1983) (citing Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws §§ 301 and 302) (emphasis in original).
The choice of law in this case thus depends on whether the various successor in interest theories are characterized as internal corporate matters. Michigan law has not confronted this particular issue (as noted in the analysis of the Anspec and City Management decisions, above). The Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws provides useful guidance. Chapter 13, covering Business Corporations, contains the following language:
§ 301: The rights and liabilities of a corporation with respect to a third person that arise from a corporate act of a sort that can likewise be done by an individual are determined by the same choice-of-law principles as are applicable to non-corporate parties.
§ 302:(1) Issues involving the rights and liabilities of a corporation, other than those dealt with in § 301, are determined by the local law of the state which, with respect to the particular issue, has the most significant relationship to the occurrence and the parties under the principles stated in § 6.(2) The local law of the state of incorporation will be applied to determine such issues, except in the unusual case where, with respect to the particular issue, some other state has a more significant relationship to the occurrence and the parties, in which event the local law of the other state will be applied.
Thus if a corporation does an act that can be committed by a non-corporate entity, § 301 applies standard choice of law rules according to the particular liability involved (e.g., contract or tort law); while if the act is one peculiar to corporations, the law of the state of incorporation will normally be applied, unless another state has a “more significant relationship” to the lawsuit.
A non-corporate entity may accrue CERCLA liability, and on that basis § 301 would appear to apply here, leading to the application of normal contract or tort choice of law rules. However, it could also be argued that successor liability or piercing of the corporate veil are theories of liability peculiar to corporations, in which ease § 302 applies. Even if that is so, the terms of § 302 do not mandate the law of the state of incorporation in this case, where the matter is not one of internal corporate governance but rather external liability, and where Michigan has a far more significant relationship to the events in question than does the state of incorporation. The comment to § 302(2) states,
The reasons for applying the local law of the state of incorporation carry less weight when the corporation has little or no contact with this state other than the fact that it was incorporated there. In such situations, some other state will almost surely have a greater interest than the state of incorporation in the determination of the particular issue.
Rest. (Second) § 302, comment g. This is the case here, as the parties have stipulated that KMC’s principal places of business were in Michigan, Ohio and California and not its state of incorporation, Pennsylvania; neither did any of the facts precipitating this lawsuit arise in Pennsylvania. Thus even under § 302, the law of the state with the greatest interest — in this case, Michigan — should prevail over the law of the state of incorporatipn.
More specific sections of the Restatement Chapter 13 which bear specifically on alter-ego and veil-piercing theories are § 307, Shareholders’ Liability, and § 309, Directors’ or Officers’ Liability. In general terms, both of these sections apply the law of the state of incorporation except where another state has a more significant relationship to the parties and the transaction.
The local law of some state other than the state of incorporation is most likely to be applied to determine issues of this sort [regarding directors’ or officers’ liability] where the corporation does all, or nearly all, of its business and has most of its shareholders in this other state and has little contact, apart from the fact of its incorporation, with the state of incorporation.
Section 309, comment a. While the state of incorporation would have the greatest stake in disputes between the investors and directors or managers of a corporation, since “this is the law which the shareholders, to the extent that they thought about the question, would usually expect to have applied to determine their liability,” § 307 comment a., the facts of this ease are clearly otherwise.
Other district courts within the Sixth Circuit faced with a choice of law question regarding successor liability have declined to look to the state of incorporation. In two diversity personal injury cases, district courts applying forum choice of law principles characterized the liability of an alleged successor in a product liability suit as a tort matter, rather than a matter of corporate governance, and therefore applied tort choice of law rules. Korzetz v. Amsted Industries, Inc., 472 F.Supp. 136, 142 (E.D.Mich.1979); Hoover v. Recreation Equipment Corp., 792 F.Supp. 1484 (N.D.Ohio 1991). In Korzetz, the court followed Michigan choice of law rules for tort actions and thus applied lex locus delicti the law of the place of injury. Korzetz at 142. The court in Hoover held that Ohio choice of law principles for tort actions called for the law of the state with the most significant relationship to the lawsuit, considering factors in § 175 of Rest, of Conflicts (Second); the state where injury occurred had a more significant relationship than the state of incorporation. Hoover at 1491; accord, Litarowich v. Wiederkehr, 170 N.J.Super. 144, 150-151, 405 A.2d 874 (1979).
The logic behind these decisions is that a state’s interest in applying its law to citizens injured by foreign corporations outweighs the interest of the incorporating state. “[W]hile Indiana has an interest in seeing that its law governs asset purchase agreements entered into between two Indiana corporations, Ohio has a greater interest in seeing that Ohio law applies to its own citizens who may be affected by the legal implications of those agreements.” Hoover at 1491 (emphasis in the original).
This logic also prevailed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, in a suit by the U.S. government against the shareholders of a Delaware corporation doing business in Louisiana. In determining whether to pierce the corporate veil, the court applied Louisiana law rather than that of the state of incorporation, because Louisiana had a more significant relationship to the lawsuit. U.S. v. Clinical Leasing Service, Inc., 982 F.2d 900, 902 n. 5 (5th Cir.1992) (citing Restatement (Second) Conflicts of Law § 305).
A state which is the site of a CERCLA action similarly has interests which outweigh those of an incorporating state. A single CERCLA lawsuit may adjudicate the claims of a large number of actors, including the federal and state government and a variety of potentially responsible parties. The alleged successor (or alter-ego) and those who seek to recover from it did not organize their relationship under the umbrella of the incorporating state’s law, as would be the case in an internal dispute within a corporation or between a corporation and its shareholders. The interests here go far beyond corporate governance, as the acts of predecessor and successor corporation affect a wide range of interests outside the corporation. The state directly affected by the alleged corporate wrongdoing must be allowed to determine the extent to which the corporate veil may be pierced.
Having determined that law of the state of incorporation is not entitled to preference on successor liability issues, I must decide which state has the “most significant relationship” to the lawsuit. An elaborate consideration of various factors is not necessary, because nearly all point to the application of Michigan law.
The above-cited cases do not reach the question whether successor liability under CERCLA should be characterized as tort or contract for choice of law purposes. While alter-ego theories relying on the piercing of the corporate veil might resonate in tort, following the guidelines laid out in § 145 of the Restatement, theories based on contractual or quasi-contractual assumption of liability would seem to invoke the provisions of § 188, which specifies factors to be considered in contract actions in the absence of effective choice of law by the parties. (The contract which allegedly gives rise to KMC’s liability for KFC had no choice of law provision.)
Section 145 lists the following factors to be considered in tort cases: (a) the place of injury; (b) the place of the conduct causing the injury; (c) the domicil, residence, nationality, place of incorporation and place of business of the parties; and (d) the place where the relationship between the parties is centered. Section 188 takes into account (a) the place of contracting; (b) the place of negotiation of the contract; (c) the place of performance; (d) the location of the subject matter of the contract; and (e) the domicil residence, nationality, place of incorporation and place of business of the parties.
Under either set of factors, Michigan law clearly has the strongest claim on all of the successor in interest issues in this case. The only factor pointing elsewhere is the fact that KMC was incorporated in Pennsylvania. All relevant injury (incurrence of cleanup costs) and conduct causing injury (release of hazardous substances) took place in Michigan. The alleged alter-ego or successor relationship between KFC and KMC is based on relationships between that parent and subsidiary which were negotiated and centered in Michigan and Ohio. The parties’ stipulated facts indicate that the principal places of business for KFC and KMC were Michigan, Ohio or California. (No party has argued that Ohio or California law has a claim here.) The broader choice of law principles set forth in § 6 of the Restatement point to Michigan as well.
Thus Michigan law guides the application here of alter-ego theories of liability as well as contractual and de facto merger theories. As a matter of policy, a state in which a parent and its subsidiary do business must be able to regulate the extent to which one is liable for the wrongs of the other, particularly when those wrongs are committed within the state. This establishes predictability, consistency and ease of administration, as well as fundamental fairness. This is particularly true where there are pendant state law claims, as is true in this case. Regardless of the choice of law for CERCLA purposes, I will have to analyze the MERA and public nuisance claims under Michigan law, creating further complication if another state’s law were to govern the successor issues.
It must be pointed out that the choice between Michigan and Pennsylvania law is not material so far as piercing the corporate veil is concerned, since the legal standards in the two states are substantially similar. As discussed below, the determinant factor in Michigan law is the requirement of fraud, subversion of justice, or circumvention of overriding public policy. Cordova, 113 F.3d at 580 n. 4. Under Pennsylvania law “the corporate form ‘will be disregarded only when the entity is used to defeat public convenience, justify wrong, protect fraud or defend crime.’ ” First Realvest, Inc. v. Avery Builders, Inc., 410 Pa.Super. 572, 577, 600 A.2d 601 (Pa.Super.1991) (citing Sams v. Redevelopment Authority of City of New Kensington, 431 Pa. 240, 244 A.2d 779 (1968)).
So far as contractual assumption of liability is concerned, my holding is based on interpretation of contractual language and not determined by the particularities of state law. Thus here, too, the choice of law does not materially affect the outcome.
IV. Successor Liability
A. Alter-Ego Liability
Defendants argue that KMC was in effect the alter-ego of KFC. On that basis, they seek to “pierce the corporate veil” between KFC and KMC and thus hold Chrysler, as the acknowledged successor to KMC, liable for all wastes released by KFC. A large part of the trial and thousands of pages of exhibits were devoted to the relationship between the two companies, i.e., the observance (or non-observance) of corporate formalities, the commingling of corporate assets, and the interlocking of boards, management, and employees. Rather than sift through this voluminous evidence here, I first address the one determining question: the existence of fraud or wrongdoing.
The Sixth Circuit has recently stated that in addition to the existence of “such a unity of interest and ownership that the separate personalities of the corporation and its owner cease to exist,” some form of culpable conduct is required: “[T]he circumstances must be such that adherence to the fiction of separate corporate existence -would sanction a fraud or promote injustice.” United States v. Cordova Chemical Company of Michigan, 113 F.3d 572, 580 (6th Cir.1997) (era banc decision). The court further clarified that wrongdoing may be established by abuse of the corporate form either to subvert justice or to circumvent overriding public policy. Id. at 580 n. 4; see also Seasword v. Hilti, Inc., 449 Mich. 542, 548, 537 N.W.2d 221 (1995) (“[The] ‘corporate veil’ may be pierced only where an otherwise separate corporate existence has been used to ‘subvert justice or cause a result that [is] contrary to some other clearly overriding public policy.’ ”); In re RCS Engineered Products Company, Inc., 102 F.3d 223, 226 (6th Cir.1996) (“A court may find that one entity is the alter-ego of another and pierce the corporate veil upon proof of three elements: first, the corporate entity must be a mere instrumentality of another; second, the corporate entity must be used to commit a fraud or wrong; and third, there must have been an unjust loss or injury to the plaintiff. Nogueras v. Maisel & Associates of Michigan, 142 Mich.App. 71, 86, 369 N.W.2d 492, 498 (1985).”)
Thus the claimed functional integration of KMC and KFC, through interlocking boards of directors and common managers and employees, could not be sufficient to pierce the corporate veil unless there was an additional showing that this was done for a wrongful purpose. The motives of KFC and KMC in organizing their relationship are amply documented, as discussed below. Because their concern was patently to satisfy conditions imposed by creditors and by the U.S. government in awarding defense contracts, there can be no doubt that their intentions were fully lawful.
KMC was formed as a tool for KFC to secure U.S. government contracts and private credit. In May 1951 an inactive KFC subsidiary called Phoenix Iron Works Corporation (“Phoenix”) was activated and its name changed to Kaiser Manufacturing Corporation (“KMC”). At the time of KMC’s activation, KFC was already indebted and its valuable assets were all held as security for its loans, preventing it from securing more credit. The Bank of America and Mellon Bank had previously loaned KFC $20 million. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (“RFC”) had loaned KFC $34.4 million in 1949, and loaned a wholly-owned subsidiary of KFC, Kaiser-Frazer Sales Corporation (“K-F Sales”), $10 million in 1949 and $25 million in 1950. As security, the RFC had been given a mortgage on the Willow Run Plant and a security interest in KFC’s other assets, including equipment, tooling and account receivables. The RFC received a pledge of stock in KFC subsidiaries, including Phoenix and K-F Sales. The RFC loans were also secured by a $20 million guarantee from the Kaiser family’s privately held company, Henry J. Kaiser Co. (“HJKCO”). (Statement -of Stipulated Facts, hereafter “SF,” nos. 48-49). At the time of the 1949 loans, the liquidation value of KFC’s assets was $37.3 million, or approximately half of the debt to the RFC. (SF no. 52.)
U.S. government agencies required KFC to seek defense contracts, and required the formation of KMC as a separate entity to execute those contracts. KFC agreed to seek defense contracts as a condition for an additional RFC loan of $25 million to K-F Sales in 1950. (SF no. 55.) In 1950 the U.S. Aii- Force (“USAF”) contracted with KFC for the production of C-119 aircraft at the Willow Run Plant and R-1300 engines at other Michigan plants. Given KFC’s financial difficulties, in order to finance performance of the defense contracts, a new entity was needed whose assets and profits could be insulated from its troubled parent. KMC was formed for this purpose. In June 1951, KMC borrowed $25 million from the Bank of America and Mellon Bank to finance performance of the defense contracts. The USAF “V Loan” program provided a 90% guarantee for the loan “and mandated the assignment of the defense contracts to KMC.” (SF no. 59.)
In June 1951, KFC duly assigned the C-119 contracts to KMC, and then the two companies executed subcontracts in which KFC agreed to provide all labor and services for the aircraft production at cost. (SF no. 60.) In October 1952, the two companies signed a similar subcontract for the performance of a contract for production of C-123 aircraft. (SF no. 62.) KMC was not operational as a manufacturer.
The relationship between KFC and KMC was overseen by government agents and independent auditors. As a condition of the 1950 loan, the RFC was given the right to appoint a representative to the KFC Board of Directors, which it did on July 31, 1952 when it named Alan E. Schwartz. Schwartz testified that his task was to advise the RFC of what happened in KFC board meetings, though he was not involved in day-to-day management. (SF no. 67.) Cost allocation and cost segregation between the companies were subject to audit by USAF personnel at the Willow Run Plant. (SF no. 70.)
These facts disclose the actual purpose behind KMC’s activation and its contractual relations with KMC. This was to secure credit for the performance of defense contracts, and to satisfy creditor-imposed requirements that those contracts be insulated from the troubled KFC. Not only was this purpose legal, it was explicitly known to, and approved by, the U.S. government, creditors and shareholders. There is no additional evidence in the record which indicates that anyone connected with KFC or KMC had another purpose in mind.
Neither is any improper purpose apparent in the subsequent relations between the parent and subsidiary. In mid-1953 the C-119 and C-123 contracts were terminated by USAF “for its convenience.” (SF no. 65.) KFC was still in poor financial shape, having lost $12 million in 1951 and over $4.7 million in 1952. In these circumstances, KMC purchased the Willys-Overland Corp. in Toledo Ohio and changed its name to Willys Motors Corporation. The RFC approved of the purchase. (SF no. 74.) The purchase was financed in part through new loans from Bank of America and Transamerica Bank, which allowed KMC (now Willys Motors) to pay $15 million on outstanding RFC loans, and thereby obtain the release of the RFC pledge of KMC stock and HJKCO guarantees. KMC was then able to invest $10 million in KFC and loan KFC an additional $6.5 million. (SF no. 76.) The purpose was clearly to enable the financial survival of KFC.
At the time of KMC’s purchase of Willys, it was expected that KFC and KMC each would provide services to the other. The terms of loans to KMC for that purchase required cost and expense accounting between KMC and KFC, and a methodology was developed by an independent accounting firm, Ernst & Ernst, with the approval of Transamerica Bank. At least two written joint operating agreements reflected these lender requirements. The audited financial statements of the two companies indicated that the loan restrictions had resulted in the effective segregation of assets and earnings, though many operational areas were consolidated. (SF nos. 88-91.) After the Willys purchase, passenger car production ceased at the KFC Willow Run Plant, which was sold to General Motors in late 1958. GM leased the plant back to KFC, which continued production of component parts. By August 1954, production had ceased and only three Willow Run personnel remained to oversee storage of KFC tooling and parts. (SF nos. 80-84.) In January 1955, KFC entered the Argentine car market, with the approval of the RFC.
In March 1956 a reorganization turned HJKCO into a wholly-owned subsidiary of KFC, and entities owned or controlled by HJKCO, the Kaiser family’s privately held corporation, became indirect subsidiaries of KFC. The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) gave KFC a letter ruling that the exchange of stock would be a tax-free reorganization. This infusion of capital allowed KFC (by then, Kaiser Motors) to pay off its outstanding debt to the RFC and restructure its commercial debt. As part of this transaction, KMC purchased KFC’s assets and assumed its liabilities in January 1956. After the reorganization, KFC became purely a holding company, and its name was changed to Kaiser Industries Corporation. KFC (now Kaiser Industries) sold its stock in KMC (Willys) to American Motors Corporation. KFC formally dissolved in 1977 and wound up its affairs during the 1980s. (SF nos. 99-108).
Thus it is apparent that all collaboration between KFC and KMC was approved and monitored by the company’s stockholders, the U.S. government, commercial lenders, and outside auditors. Favorable tax and credit consequences were an open and expected consequence of these arrangements. There was nothing illegal or improper about the relationship. Most significantly, there was no contemporaneous impairment of the rights of any creditors.
Nevertheless, defendants have attempted to argue that the arrangement between KFC and KMC violated public policy because it ultimately insulated the companies from environmental liability. “Recognition of the separate corporate existence of KFC and KMC would mean that no monies were available to remediate the pollution from the Willow Run Manufacturing Plant after 1949.” (Defendants’ Post-Trial Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law at 75.) Defendants argue that KFC could have been found liable under environmental laws in effect during its existence, in particular the Water Resources Commission Statute of 1929 and common law public nuisance rules, and have introduced evidence of contemporaneous awareness that KFC was releasing hazardous wastes.
There is no evidence in the record that when structuring their relationship KFC and KMC considered any environmental cleanup costs. In addition, the mere potential for liability is not the same as actual liability. Nobody ever asserted an injury amounting to public nuisance during the time of KMC and KFC’s existence, and neither were the procedures for enforcement of the Water Resources Commission Statute of 1929 initiated. With no adjudication of liability, I cannot say that such liability existed at all.
Finally, the lawful use of the corporate form to avoid personal liability is not cause for piercing the corporate veil. “Organization of a corporation for the avowed purpose of avoiding personal responsibility does not itself constitute fraud or reprehensible conduct justifying a disregard of the corporate form.” Cordova at 580 (citing Gledhill v. Fisher & Co., 272 Mich. 353, 359, 262 N.W. 371, 373 (1935)).
A party seeking to pierce the corporate veil must show, at a minimum, that the corporate form was abused in a manner which circumvented overriding public policy. The evidence in this case does not support such a finding, let alone a finding of actual fraud or wrongdoing. Thus there is no basis to hold KMC responsible for pollution released by KFC.
B. Joint Venture
Another theory that defendants put forward is that of a joint venture between KMC and KFC, which would make KMC liable for waste produced in KFC’s Willow Run bomber production. Under Michigan law, a joint venture requires (a) an agreement indicating an intention to undertake a joint venture; (b) a joint undertaking; (c) a single project for profit; (d) a sharing of profits as well as losses; (e) contribution of skills or property by the parties; and (f) community interest and control over the subject matter of the enterprise. John Harris & Associates, Inc. v. Day, 916 F.Supp. 651 (E.D.Mich.1996) (citing Berger v. Mead, 127 Mich.App. 209, 214-15, 338 N.W.2d 919 (1983)). Although the Sixth Circuit has acknowledged that “at least conceivably” there could be a joint venture between parent and subsidiary, Cordova at 579,1 do not find that necessary elements outlined above are present in this case.
Defendants’ allegations of joint venture are based on KMC’s contracts for production of C-119 and C-123 aircraft and KMC’s subcontracts with KFC for performance. As noted above, these subcontracts were explicitly on a no-profit, no-loss basis. Thus there was no sharing of profits and losses. The companies were not partners in a common enterprise, but acted rather as contractor and subcontractor. The contracts consistently refer to the parties in those terms. Each contains a clause stating that KFC (“the subcontractor”) will “perform all work called for by said (supply or facilities] contract as an independent contractor and not as an agent of the Contractor [KFC].”
Relatively few cases have considered a joint venture theory for CERCLA liability, perhaps because so many other avenues of liability are usually available. One ease where such liability was found is U.S. v. South Carolina Recycling and Disposal, Inc., 653 F.Supp. 984 (D.S.C.1984) aff'd in part, vacated in part on other grounds by United States v. Monsanto, 858 F.2d 160 (4th Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1106, 109 S.Ct. 3156, 104 L.Ed.2d 1019 (1989). That court’s finding was based on the existence of a written contract establishing the joint venture, which provided that each party would receive fifty percent of the net profits. Id. at 1005. This reflects an entirely different relationship than the subcontractor relationship entered into between KMC and KFC.
C. Contractual Merger
As part of a corporate reorganization in early 1956, KMC (then known as Willys Motors) purchased the assets of KFC (then known as Kaiser Motors). The January 17, 1956 sale agreement specified that KMC would assume KFC’s liabilities, including “all liabilities of Kaiser [Motors, fik/a KFC] existing on the closing date of every nature whatsoever, whether absolute of contingent,” followed by exceptions which are not relevant here. In a March 15, 1956 instrument executing the sale, KMC formally assumed those labilities “absolutely and forever.”
Defendants maintain that with this contract KMC assumed all of KFC’s environmental liabilities, including those arising under the CERCLA statute enacted some 24 years later, and thus Chrysler, as the admitted successor to KMC, inherited liability for KFC’s pollution. According to defendants, CERCLA liability was an “existing” contingent liability at the time of the sale, because KFC had already released the waste which in the future would give rise to liability.
On its face, defendants’ argument seems to stretch the meaning of the word contingent. A contingent liability is defined as, “One which is not now fixed and absolute, but which will become so in the case of the occurrence of some future and uncertain event.” Black’s Law Dictionary, 321 (6th Ed.1990). To say that the “future event” may include the passage of a law creating the liability is pointless and illogical. A liability is nonexistent until it is created by law. Were it otherwise, there would be no distinction between a contingent liability and a future-arising liability, making the contractual assumption of both redundant. In this case, there was no mention of future-arising liability. To the contrary, the parties specifically limited liabilities to those “existing on the closing date.”
One court which interpreted strikingly similar contractual language under Michigan law reached the same conclusion. U.S. v. Vermont American Corp., 871 F.Supp. 318 (W.D.Mich.1994). There, in a pre-CERCLA contract the purchasing corporation assumed “all additional debts, obligations, and liabilities of the Seller, whether or not matured and whether or not contingent, existing on the Closing Date ...” Id. at 321 (emphasis in original). Although the buyer assumed all contingent liabilities, the court found this did not include CERCLA liability: “[TJhere is no question that the CERCLA liability was not a liability that existed on the closing date.” Id.
Other courts have held that a broad preCERCLA assumption of contingent liabilities can include CERCLA. Beazer East, Inc. v. Mead Corp., 34 F.3d 206, 211 (3d Cir.1994), cert. denied, 514 U.S. 1065, 115 S.Ct. 1696, 131 L.Ed.2d 559 (1995); SmithKline Beecham Corp. v. Rohm and Haas Co., 89 F.3d 154 (3d Cir.1996); Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp. v. Lefton Iron & Metal, 14 F.3d 321 (7th Cir.1994), reh. denied (Feb. 9, 1997); U.S. v. Hardy, 916 F.Supp. 1385 (W.D.Ky. 1996). To the extent that the contracts in question were limited to existing liabilities, I do not agree with this reasoning, and I am not controlled by it. But these eases are also distinguishable from the present one.
Although CERCLA was not yet in force at the time of the contracts in the aforementioned cases, all of these agreements were made in an era when Congress had undertaken far-reaching environmental legislation, and any corporation would be cognizant of environmental costs. Given the awareness of pollution costs in the 1970s, a broad acceptance of all contingent liabilities at that time likely included environmental cleanup, and thus might be said to include CERCLA liability even before that legislation had been enacted.
The facts of these cases indicate an awareness of environmental costs. In Beazer, the buyer agreed to assume obligations for ongoing compliance with environmental regulations. 34 F.3d at 209. In SmithKline, the seller had undertaken some remediation and pollution was discussed at the time of sale. 89 F.3d at 157. The provision in Kerr-McGee Chemical promised to assume losses resulting from “the maintenance of any ... claim ... concerning pollution or nuisance .... ” 14 F.3d at 327. The contract in Hardy assumed costs “resulting directly or indirectly by the collection, transportation, and disposal [of hazardous materials].” U.S. v. Hardy, 916 F.Supp. at 1390. It is strange, indeed, that the courts in these cases so broadly interpreted the concept of existing contingent liability, rather than relying upon the facts presented to them to link the contractual language to the awareness and expectations of the parties as to those liabilities.
In contrast, the KMC asset purchase from KFC took place decades before federal environmental enforcement became a reality. Neither the language nor the implied intentions of the parties indicates any reference to environmental costs whatsoever. Thus even under Beazer’s formulation that a preCERCLA contract can include CERCLA liability, if it is “either specific enough to include CERCLA liability or general enough to include any and all environmental liability,” 89 F.3d at 211, there would be no CERCLA liability in the instant case. An assumption of all existing contingent liabilities might be considered “general enough to include ... environmental lability” in an era when such liability is a generally understood contingency. In 1956, this simply was not the case.
Neither is there any indication that the enforcement of state environmental law against KFC was an existing contingency at the time of the 1956 sale. There is no’ evidence that any party existed who might have sustained injury of the type that could support a suit for public nuisance. And while the Water Resources Commission Statute of 1929, P.A.1929, no. 245, regulated discharge of waste, there is no evidence that state authorities considered or attempted enforcement against KFC, or that KFC’s conduct would have resulted in liability under that statute. The enforcement mechanisms contained in that statute required notice of violations, hearings, an oi’der from the Michigan Water Resources Commission (“Commission”), and review by the Michigan Circuit Court. M.C.L. 323.7. The notice provided an opportunity to correct the violation “within a reasonable period of time.” Id. Absent any notice of a possible violation from the Commission, I cannot assume that potential liability under this statute existed.
It is a fundamental principle of contract law that the parties must have a meeting of the minds on all material facts, ie., there must be mutual assent in order for the contract to be valid. Kamalnath v. Mercy Memorial Hosp., 194 Mich.App. 543, 548, 487 N.W.2d 499 (1992), appeal denied, 441 Mich. 923, 497 N.W.2d 185 (1993) (citing Stanton v. Dachille, 186 Mich.App. 247, 256, 463 N.W.2d 479 (1990)). When KMC accepted responsibility for contingent liabilities existing on the date of closing, neither party understood those contingent liabilities to include environmental liabilities. No such liability was disclosed in KFC’s Annual Reports for the period. Chrysler presented uncontested testimony from an accounting expert, Robert J. Rock, that accounting industry standards require a contingent liability to be included on company balance sheets if it is probable and the cost can be estimated, and that any possible, material contingencies must be disclosed even if they are not probable. KFC’s records were regularly audited by outside firms and no such environmental liability was ever recorded.
Of course, a party may contractually accept all future-arising liabilities, and thus accept liabilities not existing in either contingent or absolute form at the time of the contract. This was the case in Olin Corp. v. Consolidated Aluminum Corp., 5 F.3d 10, 15 (2d Cir.1993) (purchase agreement required indemnifications for “all liabilities ... as they exist on the closing date or arise thereafter”) (emphasis in the original). In the present case, however, there was no such language. Therefore, KMC did not accrue environmental liability by virtue of the 1956 asset sale.
D. De Facto Merger
Defendants argue that KMC’s 1956 purchase of KFC’s assets constituted a de facto merger of the two companies, providing an alternative basis for successor liability. A corporation which purchases assets from another corporation does not normally take on that corporation’s debts and liabilities, Clark v. Detroit Curling Club, 298 Mich. 339, 342, 299 N.W. 99 (1941). But where the two companies merge in effect, if not formally, the resulting corporation takes on the liabilities of both. Turner v. Bituminous Casual ty Co., 397 Mich. 406, 419-420, 244 N.W.2d 873 (1976); Schmidt v. Wilbur, 783 F.Supp. 329, 331-32 (E.D.Mich.1992).
The requirements for de facto merger under Michigan law are: (1) continuation of the enterprise of the seller corporation, with continuity of management, personnel, physical location, assets, and general business operations; (2) continuity of shareholders, resulting from the purchasing corporation’s use of its own stock to purchase the acquired assets; (3) the seller. corporation must cease ordinary business operations, liquidate and dissolve as soon as legally and practically possible; and (4) the purchasing corporation must assume the liabilities and obligations of the seller necessary for the uninterrupted continuation of normal business operations of the seller. Turner at 420 (quoting Shannon v. Samuel Langston Co., 379 F.Supp. 797, 801 (W.D.Mich.1974)).
The de facto merger doctrine seeks to prevent one company from transferring its assets to a second company and dissolving, thus sheltering its assets from creditors, and then continuing its former business as the second company. This was patently not the intent or the effect of the 1956 asset sale. Far from dissolving after it sold its assets to KMC, KFC survived as a holding company with substantial assets until its formal dissolution in 1977. The assets sale was part of a broader reorganization which permitted KFC to pay off debt to the RFC and commercial lenders.
Neither did the assets sale bring about a continuity in the operations of KMC and KFC. In 1953 KMC had purchased Willys Overland and begun production as Willys Motors in Toledo, Ohio. KFC’s car production at Willow Run ceased in late 1953, when the plant was sold to GM, and its parts production stopped some two years before the 1956 assets purchase. While KMC did manufacture passenger ears, including the Kaiser, in its Toledo plant, the parties agree that this had ceased by 1955. (SF nos. 93 and 95.) Thus the 1956 assets purchase did not mark the onset of KMC assuming KFC’s former production niche.
It is irrelevant that KMC and KFC may have continued to share directors and managers after the asset purchase, or that their operations were functionally integrated. As discussed above in the context of alter-ego liability, the relationship between the corporations was governed by joint operating agreements. Cost accounting methodologies were developed and monitored by creditors and an independent accounting firm.
As discussed above, the assets purchase was part of a broader reorganization in which entities formerly held by HJKCO, the Kaiser family’s closely held corporation, became a subsidiary of KFC. The IRS issued to KFC an opinion letter stating that the exchange of HJKCO and KFC stock would be a tax-free reorganization under § 368 of the Internal Revenue Code. Defendants argue that because the assets sale to KMC was part of this tax-free reorganization, it was not a mere sale and therefore should be deemed a de facto merger. In light of the continued maintenance of KMC and KFC as separate entities after the reorganization (KMC as Willys Motors, KFC as Kaiser Industries), this argument carries no weight. Neither is the fact that KMC paid for KFC’s assets with stock sufficient, standing alone, to create defacto merger.
Finally, defendants argue that KFC survived after the assets sale only because KMC and HJKCO needed to make use of KFC’s losses to offset their own income for tax purposes, and IRS rules demanded the continued existence of KFC in order to do this. Whether or not this was the sole reason for KFC’s survival is irrelevant, however, since KFC did indeed survive, with substantial assets, as Kaiser Industries.
V. Conclusion
For the reasons stated above, I conclude that Chrysler is not the successor in interest of the Kaiser-Frazer Corporation. Therefore Chrysler is not liable for remediation costs at the Willow Run site attributable to KFC under CERCLA or MERA, nor for any claims of public nuisance or unjust enrichment.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
. No precedent clearly establishes whether the rules of the forum state (Michigan) or federal common law should govern the choice of state law here. Since jurisdiction arises under federal law rather than by diversity, forum state choice of law is not mandated. Some courts have held that where comprehensive legislation is silent on choice of law (as is CERCLA), forum state choice rules apply. A.I. Trade Finance, Inc. v. Petra International Banking Corp., 62 F.3d 1454 (D.C.Cir.1995). Others have applied federal common law choice of law rules when faced with federal legislation. Enterprise Group Planning, Inc. v. Elaine Falba, No. 94-3827, 1995 WL 764117 (6th Cir. Dec.27, 1995) (unpublished); Aaron Ferer & Sons Limited v. Chase Manhattan Bank, 731 F.2d 112, 120-121 (2nd Cir.1984); Halkias v. General Dynamics Corp., 31 F.3d 224, 237 (5th Cir.1994), vacated on rehearing, 56 F.3d 27 (5th Cir.1995). Because analysis under either framework leads me to the application of Michigan law, I need not choose between the two. In an area such as this one, federal common law borrows from state law principles in any event.
. In her Anspec concurrence, Judge Cornelia G. Kennedy stated, "[T]he existence and status of a 'corporation' allegedly liable under section 9607 should be determined by reference to the law under which the 'corporation' was created.” Anspec at 1248. Since the existence, status and liability of KMC are at issue, the relevant law would be that under which KMC was created, i.e., Pennsylvania. Thus I reject the suggestion that the law of Delaware, the state of Chrysler's incorporation, or Nevada, the state where KFC was incorporated, might apply.
. These factors include (a) the needs of the interstate and international systems; (b) the relevant policies of the forum; (c) the relevant policies of other interested states and the relative interests of those states in the determination of the particular issue; (d) the protection of justified expectations; (e) the basic policies underlying the particular field of law; (f) certainty, predictability and uniformity of result; and (g) ease in the determination and application of the law to be applied. Rest. (Second) of Conflict of Laws § 6.
. "[T]here is a strong presumption in Pennsylvania against piercing the corporate veil." Lumax Industries, Inc. v. Aultman, 543 Pa. 38, 669 A.2d 893, 894 (1995), citing Wedner v. Unemployment Compensation Bd. of Review, 449 Pa. 460, 464, 296 A.2d 792, 794 (1972) ("[A]ny court must start from the general rule that the corporate entity should be recognized and upheld, unless specific, unusual circumstances call for an exception.”). The factors considered by Pennsylvania courts are undercapitalization; failure to adhere to corporate formalities; substantial intermingling of corporate and personal affairs; and use of the corporate form to perpetrate a fraud. Lumax Industries, Inc. v. Aultman, 543 Pa. 38, 669 A.2d 893, 894 (1995), citing Kaites v. Dept. of Environmental Resources, 108 Pa.Cmwlth. 267, 273, 529 A.2d 1148, 1151 (1987). This multifactor approach might not on the surface appear to require fraud, wrongdoing, or circumvention of public policy. However, given the preceding admonitions from Pennsylvania courts it is clear that failure to adhere to corporate formalities would not, by itself, be sufficient to pierce the corporate veil.
. Defendants seek to assign to a subsidiary, KMC, liability for the pollution of the parent, KFC. Defendants acknowledge that veil-piercing is usually done to impose liability on the parent for acts of the subsidiary. However the corporate veil may be pierced to hold a subsidiary liable for its parent's actions as well. Shirley v. Drackett Products Co., 26 Mich.App. 644, 648-49, 182 N.W.2d 726 (1970). Chrysler has not argued to the contrary.
. The RFC also obtained KFC's voting rights in its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including KMC. On December 5, 1952, Schwartz was instructed to use the RFC proxy to re-elect the KMC Board of Directors, none of which were U.S. government representatives. (SF no. 66.)
. Language stating that KFC would purchase materials and supplies as an agent of KMC simply reflected the parties’ intent that KMC, as the contractor, would supply the materials. It does not indicate that KFC acted as an agent of KMC in the aircraft production; in fact, the limitation of agency to the purchase of materials and supplies indicates to the contrary.
. The clause continues, “except liabilities to the extent covered by insurance and liabilities, if any, which Kaiser may then have to Graham-Paige Corporation, a Delaware corporation, Henry J. Kaiser Company, a Nevada corporation (herein called ‘HJKCO’) and Reconstruction Finance Corporation, a United States Government corporation, or any one or more of them.”
. These cases for the most part concern indemnification agreements, rather than the direct assumption of liability. CERCLA provides that no indemnification agreement shall be effective to transfer liability from one party to another, though one party may agree to indemnify another or hold the other harmless. 42 U.S.C. § 9607(e). Thus KMC’s promise could not have absolved KFC of CERCLA liability, but could only serve to make ICMC responsible for KFC’s liability, which would have remained joint and several. SmithKline, 89 F.3d at 158; Olin Corp. v. Consolidated Aluminum Corp., 5 F.3d 10, 14 (2d Cir.1993). Chrysler has not argued that this per se prevents the operation of the 1956 contract to transfer liability to KFC.
. Though Congress legislated on water pollution in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act passed in 1948, Pub.L. No. 80-845, 62 Stat. 11555, and in subsequent amendments, this legislation was deferential to industry. It was not until the Amendments of 1972, Pub.L. 92-500, 86 Stat. 816, supplemented by the Clean Water Act of 1977, Pub.L. 95-217, 91 Stat. 1566, that Congress established the framework in place today. Stephanie L. Hersperger, A Point Source of Pollution Under the Clean Water Act: A Human Being Should Be Included, 5 Dick.J.Envtl.L. & Pol'y 97 (1996). Similarly, the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, 69 Stat. 322, had a primary focus on research and support for state programs, and federal control of pollution was established through the Clean Air Act of 1963, Pub.L. No. 88-206, 77 Stat. 392, the Air Quality Act of 1967, Pub.L. No. 90-148, Pub.L. No. 90-148, 81 Stat. 465, and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970, 1977 and 1990, Pub.L. No. 91-604, 84 Stat. 1676; Pub.L. No. 95-95, 91 Stat. 685; Pub.L. No. 101-549, 104 Stat. 2399.
. Defendants acknowledged at trial that under Michigan law all four factors must be present. However, following their argument that the law of the state of incorporation should control, defendants put forward cases from Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, Maryland, and Massachusetts which they assert hold that de-facto merger is an equitable doctrine and the absence of any one factor is not determinative. As noted above, if any state -of incorporation had a claim to govern this case it would be Pennsylvania. That state employs factors substantively identical to Michigan law, but Pennsylvania courts have indicated that not all factors need' be present to find a merger. Commonwealth v. Lavelle, 382 Pa.Super. 356, 375, 555 A.2d 218, 227-28 (1989), appeal denied, 524 Pa. 595, 568 A.2d 1246 (1989). The difference is not determinative in this case, since I find that there was neither continuity of enterprise nor cessation of ordinary business by the seller, two factors which are key to de facto merger under any balancing test.
| CASELAW |
Daniel Donovan Jr. - The New York Times
The lack of an indictment in the Staten Island chokehold case has caused tension between his new colleagues and Mr. Donovan, a former prosecutor and the sole Republican representing New York City.... Daniel M. Donovan Jr., the Staten Island district attorney whose office investigated the chokehold death of Eric Garner, defeated Councilman Vincent J. Gentile, the Democratic candidate.... In an election to fill a vacant House seat, which the Staten Island district attorney, Daniel M. Donovan Jr., is favored to win, the Garner case has not been a central concern.... Daniel M. Donovan Jr., the district attorney, and City Councilman Vincent J. Gentile, debated the integrity of the grand jury process in a congressional race.... Vincent Gentile, a city councilman from Brooklyn, will seek the seat left vacant after Representative Michael Grimm's resignation. He will face Dan Donovan, the Republican district attorney on Staten Island, in a special election on May 5.... Mr. Donovan is the favorite to replace Representative Michael G. Grimm, despite criticism of the way he handled Eric Garner's chokehold inquiry on Staten Island.... Three Republicans and two Democrats are considered contenders for what would be a special election for the House seat being vacated by Representative Michael Grimm.... District Attorney Daniel M. Donovan Jr. said he would have a panel investigate the death of Eric Garner, which the medical examiner's office ruled a homicide.... For Daniel M. Donovan, the death of Eric Garner, who was killed in a confrontation with the police, presents what could be a career-defining case.... The death of Eric Garner, who was put in a police chokehold on Staten Island, has been ruled a homicide, and officials have to decide whether to prosecute any officers, and on what charges.... Subscribe to an RSS feed on this topic. What is RSS? | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Scripts
1. Shabbypenguin
Shabbypenguin Well-Known Member Developer
Here is some of teh scripts i use to build stuff. some of it may be fairly advanced, for those that do understand it and learn from it can adapt it to what they need :)
My CM/AOKP/BB build script
[HIGH]
#############################################################################
###### Compile Script - Created by Shabbypenguin, improved by many ##########
#############################################################################
#!/bin/bash
[ $# -eq 0 ] && { echo "Usage:
$0 Device"; exit 1; }
# Lets set some exports
# Goo Exports
DEV=Shabbypenguin
PRODUCT=$1
ROM=CM10
LROM=${ROM,,}
VERSION=$(date +%Y%m%d)
FOLDER=$PRODUCT"-"$ROM
# Build Exports
THREADS=$(expr 2 + $(grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l))
MAKE="make -j${THREADS}"
DIR=~/android/$ROM
DONE=$DIR/done
TEMP=$DONE/TEMP
LOG=$DONE/logging.txt
OUT=$DIR/out/target/product/$PRODUCT
GOOUPLOAD=Shabbypenguin@upload.goo.im:public_html/$FOLDER
WEBSITE=u6820@shabbypenguin.com:OUDstuff/Samsung/Metro/R530M/$ROM
SIGN=~/bin/testsign.jar
export ANDROID_JAVA_HOME=/opt/sun-jdk-1.6.0.39/
export TZ=":America/New_York"
NOW=`date +%m-%d`
ZIP=$OUT/*"unofficial"*".zip"
# Make sure things are in order
rm -rf $DONE
[ -d "$TEMP" ] || mkdir -p "$TEMP"
exec > >(tee $DONE/buildlog.txt) 2>&1
echo "Staring at" > $LOG && date >> $LOG && echo "" >> $LOG
# Always clean up your messes
$MAKE installclean
$MAKE clobber
# Start the good stuff
echo "gettin good" >> $LOG && date >> $LOG && echo "" >> $LOG
# Get things up to date :)
repo sync -j$THREADS
echo "this is how long it takes to repo sync" >> $LOG && date >> $LOG && echo "" >> $LOG
# Lets start buildin
. build/envsetup.sh
brunch $PRODUCT
echo "this is how long it takes to compile" >> $LOG && date >> $LOG && echo "" >> $LOG
# Adding goo's
cp $ZIP $DONE/$ROM"-Copied.zip"
unzip $DONE/*.zip -d $TEMP
rm $DONE/*-Copied.zip
echo -e "\\n" >> $TEMP/system/build.prop
echo "# Goo-Manager Info" >> $TEMP/system/build.prop
echo "ro.goo.developerid="$DEV >> $TEMP/system/build.prop
echo "ro.goo.rom="$ROM >> $TEMP/system/build.prop
echo "ro.goo.version="$VERSION >> $TEMP/system/build.prop
echo "ro.goo.board="$PRODUCT >> $TEMP/system/build.prop
echo -e "\\n" >> $TEMP/system/build.prop
echo -e "\\n" >> $TEMP/system/build.prop
# Zippin again
cd $TEMP
zip -r $TEMP/$ROM".zip" *
java -classpath $SIGN testsign $ROM".zip" $TEMP/$ROM"_signed.zip"
cp $TEMP/$ROM"_signed.zip" $DONE/$ROM"_signed.zip"
# Upload maybe?
chmod 744 $DONE/*
for file in $DONE/*zip; do newfile=$NOW"-"$ROM"-"$PRODUCT"-KANG.zip"; mv "$file" "$DONE/$newfile"; md5sum $DONE/$newfile > $DONE/$newfile".md5sum"; done
scp -P2222 $DONE/$newfile* $GOOUPLOAD
scp -P22 $DONE/$newfile* $WEBSITE
echo "this is how long it takes to upload" >> $LOG && date >> $LOG
[/HIGH]
Here is my kernel building script for the SGS3:
[HIGH]
#!/bin/bash
# This is my usage information
[ $# -eq 0 ] && { echo "Usage:
$0 Kernel-name [Stock,CM,CM101]"; exit 1; }
# These setup our build enviroment
THREADS=$(expr 2 + $(grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l))
MAKE="make -j${THREADS}"
ARCH="ARCH=arm"
CROSS="CROSS_COMPILE=~/android/CM10/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.3/bin/arm-eabi-"
# Setup our directories now
DIR=~/android/Kernels
KERNEL=$DIR/SGH-Krait
PACK=$KERNEL/package
OUT=$KERNEL/arch/arm/boot
TOOLS=$DIR/tools
# Set our Ramdisk locations
STOCK=$DIR/Ramdisks/d2mtr
CM=$DIR/Ramdisks/d2mtr-CM
CM101=$DIR/Ramdisks/d2mtr-CM10-1
# These are for mkbootimg
PAGE=2048
BASE=0x80200000
RAMADDR=0x81500000
CMDLINE='"androidboot.hardware=qcom user_debug=31 zcache"'
# These are extra variables designed to make things nicer/easier
UPDATER=$TOOLS/Updater-Scripts/d2
MODULES=$UPDATER/system/lib/modules
KERNELNAME=$1
KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION=$1
export KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Dont mess with below here unless you know what you are doing
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
export USE_CCACHE=1
export $ARCH
export $CROSS
# This cleans out crud and makes new config
$MAKE clean
$MAKE mrproper
rm -rf $MODULES
rm -rf $PACK
[ -d "$PACK" ] || mkdir "$PACK"
[ -d "$MODULES" ] || mkdir -p "$MODULES"
exec > >(tee $PACK/buildlog.txt) 2>&1
$MAKE $DEFCONFIG
# Finally making the kernel
$MAKE zImage
$MAKE modules
# These move files to easier locations
find -name '*.ko' -exec cp -av {} $MODULES/ \;
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This part packs the img up :)
# In order for this part to work you need the mkbootimg tools
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This will base ramdisks location off $2
if [ $2 == "Stock" ];
then
RAMDISK=$STOCK
else
if [ $2 == "CM" ];
then
RAMDISK=$CM
else
if [ $2 == "CM101" ];
then
RAMDISK=$CM101
fi
fi
fi
cd $PACK
cp $OUT/zImage $PACK
$TOOLS/mkbootfs $RAMDISK | gzip > $PACK/ramdisk.gz
$TOOLS/mkbootimg --cmdline "$CMDLINE" --kernel $PACK/zImage --ramdisk $PACK/ramdisk.gz --pagesize $PAGE --base $BASE --ramdiskaddr $RAMADDR -o $PACK/boot.img
rm -rf ramdisk.gz
rm -rf zImage
cp -R $UPDATER/* $PACK
zip -r $KERNELNAME"-"$2".zip" * -x "*.txt"
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# All Done
echo $KERNELNAME"-"$2 "was made!"
[/HIGH]
my rom building script goes from nothing to a clean build then uploads it to goo and my webhosting. my kernel building script does a clean wipe compiles teh kernel, packs it into a boot.img with one of 3 ramdisks, then makes it into a flashable zip for me.
both of these scripts require the tools required to be in teh right places as well just figured id show you guys some insight on what tools i use
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 44 Part 1.djvu/2464
INDEX Vorld \\'ar \’etcraus’ ·Relief——Continue<l \\’o Care and treatment of disabled veterans _ Additional hospital and dispensary-facilities, construe- _ tion, etc., pp. 1216, 1217, §§ -135-138 Directors responsible for care of patients, p. 1210, § -13-1 Facilities for treatment, p. 1216, § 434 Hospitals and other facilities, p. 1216, § -134. Rules and regulations for conduct of patients, p. 1217, § -139 . - Transfer of hospitals from other departments, p. 1216, 8 434 _ '~. n \i Claim agents and attorneys, fees allowable, p. 1228, § 551 Compensation for death or disability ·. l Active service pay, compensation not payable_to person in receipt of, p. 121-1, § 422 · · Additional medical, surgical, and convalescent treatment. p. 1222, 483. l Aggravation of injuries while undercare or treatment, p. 1224, 5 501 »,. Apportionment of·compensation’ for hospital and other patients, p. 1222, 55 482, 486. Artiticial limbs, p. 1221_.‘§ -179; p. 2078. § 479 Assignability of compensation. p.° 1219. § -15-1 .Assigmnen`t of right of action to United States, p. 1221, .§ 502 p ~ Iieneiiciary suffering injury as result of__care_or treatment, p.·122·1, § 501 _ Change in compensation not retroactive. pp. 1223, 1224, ` §§ -191. -199 ‘ Death. amount of compensation, p. 1220, § 472; p. 2077, § -172 -—-— burial and funeral expenses, p. 1220, § -172 _ ————gratuity or compensation from othersource. p. 1220, § 472 _ · —--otl‘icial record of death necessary, p. 1223, § --196 —-——payn1ents to widow or children,_p. 1220, § -172; p. · 2077,; § 472 · · ————- veterans of other wars, p.·1220.`§ -172 Death or disability before enrollment or actual service as auecting right to insurance, p. 1218, 5 4-18 Decrease of compensation by bureau, p. 1223, § -19-1 Dental treatment in addition to compensation, p. 1221. § 479: p. 2078. § 479 _ ` Disabilities fdr which compensation may be had generally. p. 1219, § 471;. p. 2076, § -171 j “ Disability requiring nurse or attendant, p. 1221, § 478 I•iscl'fl1r;.·:ed.members‘o1' forces of allied Governments may be furnished treatment, p. 1222. § -188 . Discharge from military and naval forces as affecting right to. p. 1218, 5 4-17 " · Double. total, and permanent disability, p. 1220, § -173 l·2xaniination. of applicants for compensation, p. 1223, § -192: p. 2079, 5 -192 l·}xan°i1n»ation of persons receiving compensation, p.` 122::. § 493 . . . Exemption from taxation and claims of creditors, p. 1219. § -15-1 — _ · livtension of time for filing claim. p. 1223, § 498; p. 2079. § 498 · Hospital facilities for veterans of other wars, p. 1222, § 18-1: p. 2078. § 484 · Husplttll facilities in insular possessions, p. 1222, § -18-1; p. 2078, § -18-1 Hospital.treatment in addition to compensation, p. 1221, § 479 ._ ’ _ _ · jlncrease of compensation by bureau, p. 1223, § 49-1 insane persons maintained in institutions, p. 1221, §480
2450 »rld \\'ar `v(‘t€I'&il]S° Reliet’—Continued Compensation for death or disability-—Continued Loss of one 01*. more members, p. 1220,. § 473: p. 2077, § 473 . Medical or surgical treatment in addition to compensa. ·tion, p. 1221, § 4.79; p. 2078, § 479 J "Missing°° persons, compensation for, p. 1223, § 496 ° Nurse Corps of Army or Navy, p; 1224, § 500 Partial and permanent disability, p. 1221, § 474 Partial and temporary disability, p.`1221,`§ 476 Payment to minor, mental inc.ompetent,_or person under . legal disability, 1218, § 450; p. 2075, § 450 Payment to personal representative. p.· 1219. § 450; p. 2075, §.450 Period prior to claim, pyment of compensation for, p. 1224, § 499 _ · ' Persons entitled to compensation generally, p. 1219, .§ 471; p. 2076, § 471. ‘ A . Presumption as to conclusion of disability, p. 1219, § 471; p. 2076, § 471 Prior gratuity or pension to be surrendered, p. 1223, § 489 l Provisional acceptance of applicant for enlistment, ` right to compensation, p. 1218, § 449 ` Recovery of payment from beneficiary, p. 1219, §" 453 Reduction of earning capacity, p; 1221, §§ 474, 477 Retirement pay, compensation not payable to person in receipt of, p. 1214, § 422 _ ' Review of award by bureau, p. 1223, § 494 Time for filing claim, p. 1223, §` 498.; p. 2079, §* 498 Time of occurrence‘of’ death or disability as affecting right to compensation, p. 1223, § 495; p. 2.079, § 495 Total and permanent disability, p. 1220, § 473; [1.,2077, § .473 Total and temporary disability, p. 1221, _§ 475 Trusses, p. 1221, § 479; p. 2078,;} 479 Tubercular disease. pp. 1220, 1221; §§ 473, 476 Validation of payment made prior te June 7, 1924. p. 1219, §, 452 _ ‘Veterans in institutions, rate of compensation, p. 1221. · ii 481; pi 2078, § 481 Vocational rehabilitation, compensation during period of, p. 1223, § 490 _ " Wit'e·" as including " hnsband," `p. 1222, § 487 _Willful misconduct causing injury. etc., effect, p. 1219. ‘§471;p.276,§47,1. ‘ _ ` Confidential nature of files, records, papers, etc., p. 1219. —§ 456 r _ · Crimes. see Offenses, infra , Death, see Compensation for death or disability. supra __ Disability, see Compensation for death or disability. supra Examination of claims _. W i Detail of employees of bureau to examine claims. p. 1210, § 432 Regional offices of bureau may conduct examination. ' p. 1215. § 430 False. statements. making of. p. 1228, § 552 Insurance _ » · Actions on claims, appeals, p. 1218, § 445 ·-——-jurisdiction, p. 1218, `§ 445 -. —-—-parties and procedure, p. 1218, § 445 Amounts of insurance which may be granted, p. 1225. § 511 ~ Assignability of insurance, p. 1219, § 454 Beneficiaries, change of, p. 1225, § 512; p. 2080, § 512 ———`who may be, p. 1225, § 511; p. 2079, § 511 | WIKI |
Telomeres: The Key to Understanding and Slowing Aging
Written by
Dr. David Minkoff
Published on
June 7, 2023 at 1:07:35 PM PDT June 7, 2023 at 1:07:35 PM PDTth, June 7, 2023 at 1:07:35 PM PDT
We've all thought about it at some point - a magic fountain of youth, a time machine, anything that could turn back the clock. While those remain in the realm of dreams and sci-fi movies, our bodies possess fascinating components called telomeres. Additionally, understanding the role of nucleic acids, the building blocks of our DNA, can contribute to our overall wellness journey. An exciting product to discuss in this context is Nu Cell.
Understanding Telomeres and Nucleic Acids
Recall how DNA is like a blueprint for our cells? Telomeres are akin to the protective covers at the end of those blueprints. DNA, constructed from nucleic acids, provides a set of instructions that guide our cells.
Imagine your DNA as a shoelace, and the telomeres as those little plastic bits at the ends – the ones that prevent your shoelaces from fraying. As our cells divide (a process that happens constantly), these protective telomeres get a bit shorter each time. Nucleic acids are integral to the formation of these DNA "shoelaces," helping cells understand the blueprint for growth and repair.
The Telomere-Aging Connection and Nu Cell's Ingredients
The concept is, as your telomeres get shorter, your cells show more signs of age. This is where the role of nucleic acids, found in products like Nu Cell, become interesting. Nu Cell is formulated with these nucleic acids, aiming to support the body's natural processes.
Additionally, Nu Cell's formula also contains PerfectAmino, designed to provide essential amino acids that support overall wellness. While the body can't produce these amino acids on its own, having them can contribute to its healthy functioning.
Research Around Telomerase and Nu Cell
There's an enzyme called telomerase, somewhat like a tiny, cellular construction worker. Its job is to help maintain those worn-out telomeres. As we age, our bodies tend to produce less of this enzyme.
Nu Cell, with its blend of nucleic acids and PerfectAmino, aims to support overall wellness. However, as with all supplements, it's important to remember that Nu Cell is not a treatment or cure for any disease or condition, but a supplement designed to support overall wellness.
A Holistic Approach: Healthy Habits
While we await further research, it's important to focus on healthy lifestyle habits that contribute to well-being. Regular exercise is one of them.
A balanced diet, rich in antioxidants from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, can support overall wellness.
Managing stress is equally important. Chronic stress can affect your well-being, so finding relaxation techniques and incorporating them into your routine is beneficial.
Final Thoughts
While we don't have a magic fountain of youth or a time machine, we have remarkable biological mechanisms like telomeres and nucleic acids at work in our bodies. Products like Nu Cell are developed with the intention of supporting these natural processes. Always remember, a holistic approach to wellness that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, stress management, and consult with healthcare professionals is essential.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Willa Amai
Willa Amai (born in April 2004) is an American folk musician from Los Angeles, California. Amai has been releasing music since she was a pre-teen. She started writing songs at age 9, and signed with Linda Perry at age 12. Amai released her debut album in 2021 titled I Can Go To Bed Whenever. Amai has been profiled in Rolling Stone, People, and American Songwriter. | WIKI |
Question
Localization on App Platform
I am looking to migrate existing nginx setup to Digitalocean App Platform. What i have now is www.example.com/en/index.html and www.example.com/de/index.html serving english and de version respectively. What is the best way to achieve this in app platform?
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Hello @crashoverride I cant make a frontend router route to different language because those are 2 separate apps. /en/ and /de/ i guess i could somehow make it work to route from one app to another? but im not sure how atm heh
That leaves me with option two. Only problem is how do i prevent App Platform for compiling my code twice? because i use prerendering my compile time is 18 minutes.
I have already created a small script that copies /en/ folder content to /dist/browser. Now i have /dist/browser for english and /dist/browser/de/ for de.
Will try it out tomorrow and let you know.
👋 @brankoilicc
In your follow up comment I see you’re using Angular. Using the Angular Router an app can create routes on the client side directly to the en and de variants. For example, you could detect the language set in the users browser then direct them to the appropriate site with this router module. This is probably the best solution.
Alternatively, you could create an app with two static site components that point to the same git repository. These sites will be the en and de versions. You will need to update the HTTP Route and the Output Directory for both versions. When accessing example.com/en it will go to the index.html in dist/en and when accessing example.com/de it will go to the index.html in dist/de.
You could also the root route (/) to one of these so that example.com will show the en or de version based on your preference.
To further clarify we are using angular 11 which compiles two instances of same application /dist/en and /dist/de | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Using the “Pulse Count Controller” (PCNT)
CMakeLists.txt REQUIRES
Ensure the following is added to the REQUIRES section of your CMakeLists.txt file in the \main folder:
REQUIRES
driver
Configuring
#include "driver/pulse_cnt.h"
#define PCNT_UNIT1_COUNTER_MAX 1000
//-----------------------------------------------
//----- SETUP PCNT (Pulse Count Controller) -----
//-----------------------------------------------
//pcnt_unit_handle_t PcntUnit1 = NULL; //Create the PCNT handle for our counter
//INSTALL PCNT UNIT
pcnt_unit_config_t unit_config = {
.high_limit = PCNT_UNIT1_COUNTER_MAX, //High limitation of the count unit, should be higher than 0 (int, max 16bit-depends on hardware) The counter will reset to zero automatically when it crosses either the high or low limit.
.low_limit = -100, //Low limitation of the count unit, should be lower than 0 (int, max 16bit-depends on hardware) The counter will reset to zero automatically when it crosses either the high or low limit.
//Other options also available
};
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(pcnt_new_unit(&unit_config, &PcntUnit1));
//SET GLITCH FILTER
pcnt_glitch_filter_config_t filter_config = {
.max_glitch_ns = 10000, //Pulse width smaller than this threshold will be treated as glitch and ignored, in the unit of ns (uint32_t, but seems you can't actually use a massive value)
};
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(pcnt_unit_set_glitch_filter(PcntUnit1, &filter_config));
//INSTALL PCNT CHANNELS
pcnt_chan_config_t chan_a_config = {
.edge_gpio_num = 21, //GPIO number used by the edge signal, input mode with pull up enabled. Set to -1 if unused
.level_gpio_num = -1 //GPIO number used by the level signal, input mode with pull up enabled. Set to -1 if unused
//Other options also available
};
pcnt_channel_handle_t pcnt_chan_a = NULL;
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(pcnt_new_channel(PcntUnit1, &chan_a_config, &pcnt_chan_a));
//SET EDGE AND LEVEL ACTIONS FOR PCNT CHANNELS
//Configure for falling edge increments count
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(pcnt_channel_set_edge_action(pcnt_chan_a, PCNT_CHANNEL_EDGE_ACTION_HOLD, PCNT_CHANNEL_EDGE_ACTION_INCREASE)); //PCNT_CHANNEL_EDGE_ACTION_HOLD, PCNT_CHANNEL_EDGE_ACTION_INCREASE, PCNT_CHANNEL_EDGE_ACTION_DECREASE
//ADD WATCH POINTS AND REGISTER CALLBACKS
//You can use this to trigger a callback when a certain value is reached
//ENABLE PCNT UNIT
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(pcnt_unit_enable(PcntUnit1));
//CLEAR PCNT UNIT
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(pcnt_unit_clear_count(PcntUnit1));
//START PCNT UNIT
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(pcnt_unit_start(PcntUnit1));
Reading value
int PulseCount = 0;
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(pcnt_unit_get_count(PcntUnit1, &PulseCount)); //Returned count value is a signed integer
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Pulse count: %d", PulseCount);
More useful version
int PulseCount;
int PulseCountLast = 0;
int PulsesSinceLastTime;
PulseCount = 0;
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(pcnt_unit_get_count(PcntUnit1, &PulseCount)); //Returned count value is a signed integer
if (PulseCount >= PulseCountLast)
PulsesSinceLastTime = PulseCount - PulseCountLast;
else
PulsesSinceLastTime = PulseCount - PulseCountLast + PCNT_UNIT1_COUNTER_MAX;
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "New pulses: %d", PulsesSinceLastTime);
USEFUL?
We benefit hugely from resources on the web so we decided we should try and give back some of our knowledge and resources to the community by opening up many of our company’s internal notes and libraries through mini sites like this. We hope you find the site helpful.
Please feel free to comment if you can add help to this page or point out issues and solutions you have found, but please note that we do not provide support on this site. If you need help with a problem please use one of the many online forums.
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UPDATE 1-H&M lines up supply chain to deliver protective gear to hospitals
(Adds detail, background) STOCKHOLM, March 22 (Reuters) - Sweden’s H&M, the world’s second-biggest fashion retailer, said on Sunday it would use its vast supply network to source personal protective equipment for hospitals in the European Union to help curb the spread of the coronavirus. H&M said it had offered the EU its help and was now trying to understand which needs were most urgent while working out what its supply chain could deliver. “The EU has asked us to share our purchasing operations and logistics capabilities in order to source supplies, but in this urgent initial phase, we will donate the supplies,” a H&M spokeswoman said in an email. H&M, which has temporarily shut its stores in many of its markets due to the pandemic, has suppliers around the globe, but mostly in China and other Asian countries such as India, Bangladesh and Vietnam. H&M said it had been informed that protective masks were the main priority, but gowns and gloves were also badly needed. Many countries have already run short, of protective gear for health workers and of equipment crucial in the treatment of severe coronavirus cases. Some are drafting automakers and aerospace manufacturers to repurpose factories to produce ventilators. Last week H&M’s biggest rival Inditex, which owns the Zara brand, offered to make hospital garments, or scrubs, for stretched hospitals in its home country, Spain, and also make its vast logistics and supplier network available to meet Spain’s needs of protective masks, gloves, goggles and caps. More than 305,000 people have been confirmed to have the virus around the world, and more than 13,000 have died. H&M said it would initially deliver to the countries where the EU saw the greatest need, which could be inside or outside the bloc. Reporting by Anna Ringstrom; Editing by Kevin Liffey | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
7
I have this depends file in my $PATH:
#!/bin/bash
k=0
for i in "$@"
do
DP[k]="nodejs-$i"
k=$((k+1))
done
echo $DP
I ran depends js kd and it returned:
nodejs-js
this surprised me as I thought that the result I would get would be:
nodejs-js nodejs-kd
as the loop was meant to be adding new elements to the DP array of form nodejs-$i where $i is the input I provided to the depends script when I ran it. I have tried using this depends script instead:
#!/bin/bash
DP=()
for i in "$@"
do
DP+=("nodejs-$i")
done
echo $DP
but it returned the exact same result, with the js kd inputs (i.e., the output was nodejs-js).
2 Answers 2
7
Your script is correctly adding elements into the array, check how to read the DP array below.
Give this a try:
#!/bin/bash
k=0
for i
do
DP[k]="nodejs-$i"
k=$((k+1))
done
printf "DP array size is %d\n" "${#DP[@]}"
printf "%s " "${DP[@]}"
printf "\n"
--edited-- Note that new applications are encouraged to use printf instead of echo.
Funny => By default the for statement loops over the script's arguments.
The test:
$ ./depends js kd
DP array size is 2
nodejs-js nodejs-kd
4
• 2
It should be "${DP[@]}" - with the quotation marks - not ${DP[*]}, in general. The former preserves any internal whitespace, while the latter does not. Also, echo is not deprecated. If you are explicitly using bash, as here, its behavior is consistent. When using unspecified varieties of /bin/sh, echo has inconsistencies not present with printf - but then, printf itself may not exist at all in such shells, so it's not really an improvement.
– Mark Reed
Commented Apr 6, 2016 at 0:13
• @MarkReed thx! array notation fixed! According to the APPLICATION USAGE section of the POSIX standard for echo, the printf built-in command is a preferred replacement for echo .
– Jay jargot
Commented Apr 6, 2016 at 0:27
• 1
That guideline is for POSIX. The code given is explicitly for #!/bin/bash, which is already not POSIX compliant - its echo takes options, including -n.
– Mark Reed
Commented Apr 6, 2016 at 0:36
• It's actually simpler to use the += operator to append to the array, rather than manually updating the index k. DP+=( "nodejs-$i" ). (Assuming you don't need to support bash 3.0 or earlier.)
– chepner
Commented Apr 6, 2016 at 2:36
3
The problem is that Bash treats $DP as if it was ${DP[0]}. You need
echo "${DP[@]}"
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What Are Eye Floaters? Should They Worry You?
Have you noticed a tiny "spot" in your visual field? Maybe this spot is most pronounced when you look at something bright or something that's plain white in color. Though this spot may concern you, it's likely just what eye doctors refer to as a "floater." Here's a closer look at floaters, what causes them, and when you need to be concerned about them.
What are floaters?
At the back of your eye, there is a compartment filled with a fluid called vitreous humor. Sometimes, a few proteins clump together, forming a fleck or chunk within this humor. When this protein clump passes into your visual field, it appears as a floater – a little spot, squiggled line, or thread-like strand. Since the protein clumps float around within the vitreous humor, they don't stay in one spot. So sometimes you may notice the floater off to the left, and other times it may be to the right or at the top of your visual field.
What causes eye floaters?
Eye floaters become more common as people age. It is thought that they occur as a result of the shrinking of the vitreous humor. In most cases, they are completely benign and not a reason to worry at all.
In rare cases, floaters may be caused by an injury to the retina. If the retina detaches or part of it peels off, the pieces may float in the vitreous humor, creating spots in your visual field. In other cases, floaters can also be a sign of cancer in the eye. In diabetics, floaters can be a sign of poor blood sugar management that's resulting in damage to the retina.
How do you know if your floaters are serious?
If you have floaters, it's definitely worth mentioning them to your eye doctor at your next appointment just so he or she can check you over and make sure nothing more sinister is going on. You should also contact an eye doctor from a company like Montgomery Eye Center immediately if your floaters are accompanied by any of these other symptoms, which may indicate you're suffering from a more severe issue:
• Flashes of light in your visual field
• Blurry or fuzzy vision overall
• Eye pain
• Severe impairment of vision by the floaters
In the vast majority of cases, eye floaters are just a benign issue you can safely ignore and which won't require medical treatment. However, since they can indicate a more serious problem, you should mention them to your eye doctor just to be sure.
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Radar-observed characteristics of precipitation in the tropical high andes of Southern Peru and Bolivia
Jason L. Endries, L. Baker Perry, Sandra E. Yuter, Anton Seimon, Marcos Andrade-Flores, Ronald Winkelmann, Nelson Quispe, Maxwell Rado, Nilton Montoya, Fernando Velarde, Sandro Arias
Resultado de la investigación: Contribución a una revistaArtículorevisión exhaustiva
12 Citas (Scopus)
Resumen
This study used the first detailed radar measurements of the vertical structure of precipitation obtained in the central Andes of southern Peru and Bolivia to investigate the diurnal cycle and vertical structure of precipitation and melting-layer heights in the tropical Andes. Vertically pointing 24.1-GHz Micro Rain Radars in Cusco, Peru (3350 m MSL, August 2014-February 2015), and La Paz, Bolivia (3440 m MSL, October 2015-February 2017), provided continuous 1-min profiles of reflectivity and Doppler velocity. The time-height data enabled the determination of precipitation timing, melting-layer heights, and the identification of convective and stratiform precipitation features. Rawinsonde data, hourly observations of meteorological variables, and satellite and reanalysis data provided additional insight into the characteristics of these precipitation events. The radar data revealed a diurnal cycle with frequent precipitation and higher rain rates in the afternoon and overnight. Short periods with strong convective cells occurred in several storms. Longer-duration events with stratiform precipitation structures were more common at night than in the afternoon. Backward air trajectories confirmed previous work indicating an Amazon basin origin of storm moisture. For the entire dataset, median melting-layer heights were above the altitude of nearby glacier termini approximately 17% of the time in Cusco and 30% of the time in La Paz, indicating that some precipitation was falling as rain rather than snow on nearby glacier surfaces. During the 2015-16 El Niño, almost half of storms in La Paz had melting layers above 5000 m MSL.
Idioma originalInglés
Páginas (desde-hasta)1441-1458
Número de páginas18
PublicaciónJournal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
Volumen57
N.º7
DOI
EstadoPublicada - 1 jul. 2018
Nota bibliográfica
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Meteorological Society.
Huella
Profundice en los temas de investigación de 'Radar-observed characteristics of precipitation in the tropical high andes of Southern Peru and Bolivia'. En conjunto forman una huella única.
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Georges Radet
Georges-Albert Radet (1859-1941) was a French epigrapher, archaeologist and historian. He was born in Chesley on 28 November 1859, and died at Saint-Morillon on 9 July 1941.
Life
After studying at the École normale supérieure, Radet passed the agrégation in 1884 and joined the French School of Athens in the same year. Specialising in Asia, he travelled the continent on numerous occasions and in 1892 defended his doctoral thesis titled "La Lydie et le monde grec au temps de Mermnades, 687-546" [Lydia and the Greek world at the time of Mermnades, 687-546].
Between 1888 and 1934, he taught at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Bordeaux, and was dean of the faculty from 1899 to 1919. He was awarded the Prix Kastner-Boursault in 1902. He was a corresponding member of the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres in 1904, and elected as a free member on 13 November 1925. He was co-founder of the School of Hispanic Studies and the Casa de Velázquez.
Publications
* La Lydie et le monde grec au temps des Mermnades (687-546) (« Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome », 63), Paris, Thorin, 1893.
* L'histoire et l’œuvre de l'École française d'Athènes, Paris, A. Fontemoing, 1901, prix Kastner-Boursault de l’Académie française en 1902
* Notes critiques sur l'histoire d'Alexandre, Bordeaux, Féret & fils, 1925-1927, 86 p. (en ligne [archive]). | WIKI |
Page:Incidents in the life of a slave girl.djvu/208
202 autumn, accompanied by a bride. Still no letters from William. I felt almost sure I should never see him again on southern soil; but had he no word of comfort to send to his friends at home? to the poor captive in her dungeon? My thoughts wandered through the dark past, and over the uncertain future. Alone in my cell, where no eye but God's could see me, I wept bitter tears. How earnestly I prayed to him to restore me to my children, and enable me to be a useful woman and a good mother! At last the day arrived for the return of the travellers. Grandmother had made loving preparations to welcome her absent boy back to the old hearthstone. When the dinner table was laid, William^s plate occupied its old place. The stage coach went by empty. My grandmother waited dinner. She thought perhaps he was necessarily detained by his master. In my prison I listened anxiously, expecting every moment to hear my dear brother's voice and step. In the course of the afternoon a lad was sent by Mr. Sands to tell grandmother that William did not return with him; that the abolitionists had decoyed him away. But he begged her not to feel troubled about it, for he felt confident she would see William in a few days. As soon as he had time to reflect he would come back, for-he could never expect to be so well off at the north as he had been with him.
If you had seen the tears, and heard the sobs. you would have thought the messenger had brought tidings of death instead of freedom. Poor old grandmother felt that she should never see her darling boy again. And I was selfish. I thought more of what I had lost, | WIKI |
Talk:List of storms in the 2006 Pacific hurricane season/Archive 2
Espanol
Since pretty much everyone in the path of John speaks Spanish, does anyone know if the es Wikipedia has an article for it? They don't have an article for the season... Does anyone know Spanish and can whip one up? --Golbez 22:26, 30 August 2006 (UTC)
* My Spanish is okay but not perfect (I believe User:Titoxd is a fluent speaker). I could start one off if that's okay. Pobbie Rarr 02:32, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* Okay, I've made a start. Unfortunately I have to go now so if anyone else can contribute, please do. Pobbie Rarr 03:18, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* You know, looking up Wikipedia in Spanish is very intresting. It will really help me out in my Spanish classes. But, through Babelfish translations, I was looking for Hurricane articles(los articulos Huricàns en Espanol, I think. Pardon the Spanglish.) and there are no season pages. As a matter of fact the only página (page) I could find conserning hurricanes was Andrew. Strange. I'm just saying, people learn spanish to work on wikipedia en espanol. They need hurricane articles. guitarhero777777 05:05, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
* No, they didn't have an article on Ernesto, and I'll take a look at the rough sketch. Tito xd (?!?) 05:50, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
My bad. They do have unupdated hurricane season pages (dating back to Beryl.), but not a lot, (no Charley).guitarhero777777 05:07, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
BBC photos?
The BBC currently has a short photo gallery concerning Hurricane John. Are they okay to use as public domain images? Pobbie Rarr 00:55, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
* Doubt it. The only way we can use them is if they're a product of the US government, or if it's fair use (ask an admin about that). Hurricanehink ( talk ) 01:00, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
* Not fair use, as our usage would be competing directly with BBC's commercial interest (meaning, if we use it, then people don't have to visit BBC's website, or pay BBC for it). Tito xd (?!?) 04:01, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
* You mean AP don't you?--Nilfanion (talk) 16:19, 4 September 2006 (UTC)
Carlotta TCR
Carlotta-Thats 4.Mitchazenia 19:29, 5 September 2006 (UTC)
EPac hurricane/storm articles
In the Atlantic hurricane season's talk page, User:Caerwine thought of making up of a criteria of when to make storm articles in the Atlantic, but I've also come up with my criteria for the EPac basin, and here it is.
* 1. Any Category 3 or higher when it at least makes a hurricane watch when its a threat to land, regardless of landfall.
* 2. Any Category 1 or higher when it at least makes a hurricane warning when its a threat to land, regardless of landfall.
* 3. Any tropical storm that makes a landfall.
* 4. Any tropical storm or higher that makes more than 1 million dollars in damage.
* 5. Any hurricane or storm that makes more than a dozen deaths or fatalities.
* 6. Any tropical storm or hurricane that exists longer than 15 days.
* 6. Any cross-over hurricane/storms, like a Atlantic to EPac crossing storm, or a EPac to CPac crossing storm, or a EPac or a CPac storm that crosses the dateline to the WPac.
Any extra ideas or comments (or even some criticisms)? --§ Alastor "Mad-Eye" Moody (talk + contribs + userboxes) 02:02, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
* No offense, but that's way too rulecruft. Similar to the Atlantic, I think the criteria should be information. For example, Daniel could probably be a decent article based on its long storm history, as well as potential threat to Hawaii and its strength. Kristy might be a decent article once its done, due to its weird path. However, it would be a lot harder to write one for Gilma, for example. The criteria should be how much information is out there, how much can be expanded upon in its own article, and how well-written it is. All of the above would probably qualify, but it's much simpler than that. If someone wants to make an article on Gilma, and they do a good job using all of the available information out there, provided it's not a copy of the TCR or storm section I'm fine with having it. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 02:16, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
* I understand what you mean Hink, about the amount of information, but several users have been in debating disscussions and arguements on how and when to write storm articles. I'm not trying to be a tyrant, but I'm rathering trying to give a draft proposal criteria on how and when to write storm articles so users don't have to be in a fuss about it. --§ Alastor "Mad-Eye" Moody (talk + contribs + userboxes) 02:29, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
* I think it should be made when there's enough info. If you're doing it currently, you'll need to cite every TWO and discussion for the storm history, unless somewhere else has a summary. Also, as mentioned elsewhere, storm articles should be on a storm by storm basis. Every storm is different, and likewise every storm has different media coverage. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 03:03, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
* Way too much instruction creep imo. Definite no. – Chacor 03:14, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
It is definitely harder to find rules to create articles for Epac than Atlantic, due to the general fact that EPac storms have less information plus are generally less intresting and avoided by news media (John is the exception). I think if the intensity is enough (Cat 5s due to rarity in EPac, 1997 Linda a good example)it should warrant an article. Long lasting ones (Ioke + Daniel) warrant an article if they last long enough to be notable. (1992 Tina is a good example of length of time, but we do need to find more info on that storm.) Ones that threaten land or make landfall in any way (John + Daniel again), should be added. Of course, info is the variable here, so editors should use thier best judgement when creating articles, as always. guitarhero777777 04:23, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
* But hey, isen't Wikipedia supposed to create and improve articles? Cause I think we have cut down too many very notable storms like cross-over storms and long-duration storms and some annular hurricanes and even Category 5 hurricanes. --§ Alastor "Mad-Eye" Moody (talk + contribs + userboxes) 00:40, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
* Well, most cross-over storms have been retired... Irene in 71 is the only one that doesn't have an article. The two major things to consider is whether there's info and whether someone wants to take the time to make an article. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 01:04, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
Ioke track
Ioke's track is somewhat outdated. Can anyone update it? -- Irfan Faiz 05:29, 8 September 2006 (UTC)
* Usually, User:Nilfanion does the storm track maps, but he's been quite absent for a while. --§ Alastor "Mad-Eye" Moody (talk + contribs + userboxes) 01:28, 9 September 2006 (UTC)
* He still looks pretty active to me. bob rulz 05:54, 9 September 2006 (UTC)
* Sorry about that, I updated it. Reub2000 06:34, 9 September 2006 (UTC)
* I checked the commons page and Reub does the tracks since it was born. -- Irfan Faiz 10:49, 9 September 2006 (UTC)
Button Bar
I see CrazyC83 added a button bar to the Lane page, but Chacor reverted it, saying we had the discussion before not to use it. Personally, I think we should add them back in. The season already has 3 articles (Ioke, John, and Lane), more than some Atlantic seasons that have button bars (1987 has one article but has one). Furthermore, there has been some interest in making an article for Daniel and Kristy. For anyone that hasn't seen it, here it is.
Given that the template already exists, what's the harm in keeping and using it? Hurricanehink ( talk ) 18:15, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
* I agree, we've had a fair few storms thus far so it's worth keeping. Pobbie Rarr 19:05, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
* Well Hink, Chacor is usually a strict guy who forbids like making storm articles until they're dead. And also, Daniel has been "nominated" several times for an article, so did Kristy for something notable about them but Chacor just won't allow it. — § Alastor "Mad-Eye" Moody (T + U + E + C) - (Remembering 9/11) 19:28, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
* Neither Daniel nor Kristy affected land. Pacific storms which don't impact anywhere don't receive an article, apart from extreme cases (like John in 1994, which officially lasted longer than any other tropical cyclone on Earth). Daniel becoming annular and Kristy regaining tropical storm status are not notable enough. Pobbie Rarr 19:34, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
* I don't see why East Pacific fishspinner storms can't have articles if Atlantic fishspinner storms do. I don't think any fishspinner storm should have an article, but as long we are making them and won't stop making them anytime soon, then why not? And correction: regained tropical storm status twice. bob rulz 19:41, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
* If it is a decent effort, go for it. Just make sure to work on it as a sandbox in your userspace before, so it doesn't get redirected before you finish. Tito xd (?!?) 21:16, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
That was unexpected. We're not talking about Chacor or whether storms are notable for articles. We're only talking about whether we should use the button bar. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 20:08, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
* Well, I don't see what the harm is in having it now. There's enough storms, some of them with articles, to warrant it. Tito xd (?!?) 21:16, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
* Daniel should get an article because it maintained an incredible intensity. On the other hand, I don't see anything noteworthy about Hurricane Kristy. Reub2000 03:17, 22 September 2006 (UTC)
* It was just a Cat 4, and not a particularly powerful one, either. We don't even have articles for all of the EPac Cat 5s. —Cuivi é nen 03:53, 22 September 2006 (UTC)
* I assume your talking about Daniel. I'm all for the button bar. guitarhero777777 03:58, 22 September 2006 (UTC)
Does the I for Ioke have the asterisk because it was CPac, or does it mean something else? If so shouldn't 2C have one as well? <IP_ADDRESS> 11:54, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
* The asterisk does indeed denote that Ioke was a Central Pacific storm. However, 2C does not require an asterisk because its very name shows that it is part of the Central Pacific. Pobbie Rarr 12:18, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
* Well, shouldn't it say what the asterix means the bar itself then? Without a key it is meaningless. Jamie | C 14:23, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
* I suppose so. Pobbie Rarr 14:38, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
* I changed it, but if you dont like it, feel free to revert it back. It looks a bit odd under the bar, but the syntax won't let me put it anywhere else without rewriting the whole thing. Jamie | C 21:10, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
Mistake with hurricane Lane
On the information box from hurricane Lane says: 120mph winds, while the strongest were 125mph winds. the mbar's are correct. Memicho 16:50, 17 September 2006 (UTC)
* sofixit. – Chacor 16:55, 17 September 2006 (UTC)
* lol Memicho 18:14, 17 September 2006 (UTC)
* done Memicho 18:16, 17 September 2006 (UTC)
Hector TCR
Hector's TCR is out. -- WmE 14:25, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
* Link. Pobbie Rarr 20:04, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
* They changed the intensity I noticed - it was 95kt (not 90kt) and the pressure was 9 mbar lower (966 vs. 975)... CrazyC83 02:30, 30 September 2006 (UTC)
Miriam TCR
it's out, i'd add the link but i g2g. íslenskur fellibylur #12 (samtal) 23:15, 3 October 2006 (UTC)
Fabio TCR
Ditto Miriam. íslenskur fellibylur #12 (samtal) 23:15, 3 October 2006 (UTC)
Ileana TCR
Coming out like flies. Ileana is out. CrazyC83 20:52, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
* Not exactly, probably expect Bud and Daniel last (Daniel especially). Where the heck is Emilia's report? She didnt do much. Does the CPHC write reports for storms?HurricaneCraze32 aka Mitchazenia 21:04, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
* Not to speculate, but Lane will probably be one of the last, given that it was the most recent not to have a report, and also the most impacting. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 21:09, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
* Wouldn't John fall under the category for most impacting? He is recent also.
Probably gonna be: HurricaneCraze32 aka Mitchazenia 21:12, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
* 1) Emilia
* Bud
* 1) Kristy
* 2) John
* 3) Lane
* 4) Daniel
* Well, this isn't a forum, so there's no need to discuss this here. Relating to the article, Lane is about as impacting as John, possibly moreso due to higher damage total (Lane= $110 million, John=$60 million). Hurricanehink ( talk ) 21:22, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
Lane
Don't you think he deserves an archive- a little more worthy than Daniel somewhat.HurricaneCraze32 aka Mitchazenia 18:31, 6 October 2006 (UTC)
* Storms get specialized archives when there was a lot of discussion about it. If there was not a lot to say about Lane, there was thus not a lot to archive. Miss Madeline | Talk to Madeline 22:52, 6 October 2006 (UTC)
* I believe the "norm" is to archive a storm seperately when the section is long enough to get the warning at the top of a page, ie: This page is xx kilobytes long. This may be longer than is preferable; see article size. Recently that has not been the case, as John and a lot of the Atlantic storms have had archives reguardless of size. Ajm81 22:56, 6 October 2006 (UTC)
Another TCR
Kristy this time. And it's Avila's work ;)--Nilfanion (talk) 15:19, 12 October 2006 (UTC)
Track Maps
Is someone working on track maps for 2C,3C and 4C?Mitchazenia V3.0 19:55, 23 October 2006 (UTC)
* There's no best track yet. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 19:56, 23 October 2006 (UTC)
A LOT of Pacific storms lately
This Pacific season has seen a lot of storms. Already, there have been 16 East and Central Pacific storms, and 20 depressions, compared with just 9 storms and 9 (,or 10, a new depression might form) depressions, in the Atlantic. It might be caused by El Nino. If you look at it, the 2006 season has been similar to the 1997 season, both in the Atlantic and the Pacific. Maybe there's a 9-year cycle or something in the Ocean, noting that there's an 11-year sunspot cycle on the sun. The Atlantic season seems almost over, although the Pacific season is still going strong. AstroHurricane001 13:57, 15 October 2006 (UTC)
* El Nino comes and goes at random intervals. 2002 was also an El Nino year, albeit a weak one, and 1991-94 was a strong and prolonged El Nino, followed by the strong correctional La Nina of 1995. (Also, this is not the place for amateur meteorology.) —Cuivi é nen 13:57, 22 October 2006 (UTC)
* Does this count? I've also noticed a trend about El Niños. After a slow Atlantic season due to El Niño, the next year always seems to be a little more active. Which is why I predict a slower EPAC season for next year, and a more active ATL season for next year. But, that's just my personal opinion based on past occurences. I am not a meteorologist. (though I want to be) →Cycl one1 → 14:26, 22 October 2006 (UTC)
* I seem to have also noticed a trend in El Ninos and La Ninas. Some El Nino/La Nina trends last only one year, and some last several years, and seems to undergo a repeated pattern. Some transitions from El Nino to La Nina (and vice versa) occur in just one year, and some stages seem to last several years. Some years are near normal all over the globe. The duststorms and rain in the Sahara might also affect the Atlantic. AstroHurricane001 18:55, 22 October 2006 (UTC)
* Now if you look at it, TD 16E of 2005 dissipated two days ago, and thanks to Paul, we have surpassed 2004 and 2005. And we're four days from the end of 2003. So we're doing very well.Mitchazenia V3.0 21:28, 22 October 2006 (UTC)
* But with 16 named storms for this year, it is an exactly normal or averge season with about 110 ACE. So this would beat pretty much the 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2005 EPac seasons while 2000 EPac season had 17 named storms but with a less ACE and with the 2002 season with more ACE but with fewer named storms. But this would be a perfect example of a EPac season on a mild El Nino season. — Alastor Moody (T + C + U) 23:02, 22 October 2006 (UTC)
* Somewhat. Even though with 18-E/Rosa forming, we will tie 1997 for getting up to R name.<font color="green">Mitchazenia V4.0</font> 16:34, 26 October 2006 (UTC)
* In an odd coincedence, if get a Rosa it will be the third consecutive time a season using this name list has reached Rosa. Miss Madeline | Talk to Madeline 23:22, 28 October 2006 (UTC)
Here comes Cat. 2 Sergio! This season won't quit! Weatherman90 00:18, 16 November 2006 (UTC)
Tropical Depression Eighteen-E TCR
Just giving a head's up... It's out. It's also ready for a track map. Good kitty 18:30, 9 November 2006 (UTC)
* The storm dissipated like a week ago. Since when is NHC this early? -- § Hurricane E RIC § archive 06:19, 10 November 2006 (UTC)
* I was shocked myself that this TCR came out so soon, but 18E didn't last very long or have any land impact, and there probably wasn't anything in need of reanalysis. It formed, it lasted a day, and it dissipated. The fact that the season's winding down and there's much less activity is probably another reason it came out so soon. --Core des at 06:35, 10 November 2006 (UTC)
* Probably a case of wanting to do something fast in the head office, and they wanted to pass their time with something quickly productive. Like when we make quickie sections or articles. CrazyC83 23:37, 11 November 2006 (UTC)
* Could this be a recored of the fastest TCR distibuted by the NHC after the storm dissipated (just being curious)? — Alastor Moody (T + C + U) 06:37, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
* Not quite. The TCR for Hurricane Noel in 2001 came out eight days after it dissipated, while the TCR for Tropical Storm Peter in 2003 came out just six days after it dissipated. However, the record, at least what seems to be, is the TCR for Tropical Storm Otto in 2004, just four days after it dissipated. Even more incredible about Otto was that it was a remnant low for two days after it dissipated, meaning the TCR came out two days after it was truly done. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 20:08, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
* That's crazy. Just two days after it dissipated. I guess that they were analyzing it as it was going and they just spent those first two days analyzing the satellite data and two days writing the report. That's probably what they strive for for every storm but this happened to be the one time where everything worked perfectly. -- § Hurricane E RIC § archive 16:38, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
Tropical Depression Twenty-E TCR is out
That's fast service Good kitty 20:35, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
* Holy stinkin cow. This is fast.Mitchazenia (7300+edits) 20:47, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
Hey, was Olivia there before? I know the date says late October, but I thought the last one was Miriam. Good kitty 21:14, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
* No, it was just uploaded in the past hour. --Ajm81 21:36, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
Depressions are a bit easier to crank out because you don't have to write a full report. The thing with Otto in '04 that Hink brought up is pretty amazing. NHC should start to churn 'em out a little faster now that the seasons are drawing to a close and they just have miscreant Pacific storms to deal with. -- § Hurricane E RIC § archive 23:15, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
* Holy motherfu...! the NHC must be going nuts right now, they send an instant TCR only 3 stinking days after 20E died. Thats like the record of the fastest when the NHC issued out a TCR to a dead storm! Otto in the 2004 AHS had four days since he died and his TCR came out. — Alastor Moody (T + C + U) 02:32, 15 November 2006 (UTC)
* Depressions are definitely easy ones to write about as mentioned above. There isn't a lot to write about! CrazyC83 05:34, 17 November 2006 (UTC)
Hurricane John TCR
It's out. --Core desat 18:00, 16 November 2006 (UTC)
* No real surprises attached to it. CrazyC83 05:35, 17 November 2006 (UTC)
Hurricane Bud TCR
is out Good kitty 17:08, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
* Message to the National Hurricane Center: take a vacation! Please!...--Nilfanion (talk) 17:20, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
* They're getting everything done so they can take a long vacation over Christmas. -- § Hurricane E RIC § archive 00:37, 21 November 2006 (UTC)
Rosa TCR
--Ajm81 14:48, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
Sergio TCR
--Ajm81 21:49, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
Paul TCR
I think this one's new. Good kitty 15:37, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
Lane TCR
--Ajm81 21:00, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
* Well that's 18 reports, just 7 more (Daniel, Emilia, Norman, Ioke, 2C, 3C, and 4C). Hmm why is it taking so long for Emilia's?Mitchazenia (8000+edits) 21:03, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
Assessment comment
Substituted at 20:13, 26 September 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
MY MANHATTAN - On the Upper East Side, Memories Fueled by Strudel - NYTimes.com
ONCE, New York's Mitteleuropeans lived side by side along Second Avenue, with the Czechs and Slovaks lodged in the walk-ups of the upper 60's and the 70's, the Hungarians occupying the low 80's, and the Germans in the high 80's and 90's. ''It was very funny, the Czechs, next to the Hungarians, next to the Germans -- just as it was in Europe,'' is the way Jan Hird Pokorny, a courtly 91-year-old Czech, put it, with the kind of droll appreciation of life's odd arrangements that itself was an emblem of that Old World culture. The days of ubiquitous Gem?chkeit on the Upper East Side seemed to vanish toward the last decades of the 20th century, as terraced high-rises replaced working-class tenements, and the striver children and grandchildren of the immigrants fanned out to Queens and the suburbs. But those immigrant cultures are not entirely dead. A weekend anthropologist can find more than a few wizened survivors and still pulsing cultural remnants scattered among the raucous singles bars, nail salons and fusion restaurants. Walk along Second Avenue or the blocks branching off it, and you'll spot churches with services at least partly in Hungarian (Hungarian Reformed Church), German (St. Joseph's Yorkville) or Slovak (St. John Nepomucene). Sadly, Paprika Weiss, once the Hungarian Zabar's, has been missing for roughly 10 years, its barrels of creamy apricot and prune lekvar a haunting taste-bud memory. But there are two ethnic food shops where pork sausages and salamis hang in the windows like vertical Venetian blinds, two heart-clogging bakeries, an irresistible marzipan shop and perhaps the nation's only Hungarian bookstore, a hole in the wall rather grandiosely named Blue Danube Gifts. The little that is left emerges more fragrantly this time of year, as those who remain prepare for services and get-togethers on Easter, and stores like Schaller & Weber -- German products since 1937 -- and the slightly older Elk Candy Company decorate their windows with bunnies and eggs made out of things bunnies and eggs were never meant to be made of. Glaser's Bake Shop is already fashioning its funny bunnies -- confections that combine cake and chocolate and sell for $3.50 each. Yorkville Meat Emporium, once unapologetically Hungarian, is bringing out smoked hams dried for four months, especially for Easter. Throughout the neighborhood, Hungarian boys are preparing to celebrate the day after Easter with an old custom -- going to the homes of girls and spraying them with a scent of spring -- even if it is cheap perfume. At the First Hungarian Literary Society, a 117-year-old private club on East 79th Street, whose members, mostly Jewish, generally don't celebrate Easter, there are nonetheless more hands of gin rummy played and more plates of wiener schnitzel served because the snowbirds are returning from their Florida sabbaticals. The long-dormant Bohemian National Hall (Narodni Budova), the gray-stone shrine of Czech life, is in the midst of renovation. But its Dvorak Room -- an exhibition space with a fireplace rescued from the composer's demolished Manhattan row house -- as well as a library with a sizable Vaclav Havel collection are already in use. The neighborhood has always resonated for me, even though my roots are among the Jews of Poland. After all, the dignified manners and the dense food -- goulash, dumplings, horseradish, schnitzel, strudel -- did not obey national boundaries, which kept shifting in any case. It was always a wistful return to a region I tasted only in infancy to dine at Mocca on goulash and nockerl -- slender dumplings my parents called kliskelekh -- and on palacsintas, a more refined variant of blintzes. The restaurant's molded tin ceilings, na? Hungarian crafts and a jaded blond waitress, known to all as Magda, gave the place the proper Continental coziness. Mocca closed in 2004, facing rising rents. But, displaying American pragmatism, it merged with a diner a few doors down, and the unlikely alloy is called Frankie's and Mocca. You can have goulash, while the table next to yours is having a tuna melt. Magda is gone, but a younger Hungarian, Gabriella Zadori, is there, as is a Mexican chef who has been cooking Hungarian for 20 years. The nockerl was as good as I remembered, and the palacsintas only slightly less so. A more colorful remnant of Hungarian life is Blue Danube Gifts on East 83rd Street. Its owner, Melinda Bartos, will sell you novels by Hungarian writers like Imre Kertesz, a 2002 Nobel Prize winner, and Sandor Marai, but it also has ''The Da Vinci Code'' in Hungarian. It has Playboy and Cosmopolitan in Hungarian, newspapers like Magyar Szo (The Hungarian Word) and CD's by the gypsy singer Apollonia Kovacs. There aren't enough Hungarians left in the neighborhood to support even so tiny a shop, but Szolt Rozsavolgyi, a construction company driver from Brooklyn, was there the other day to buy a present for his wife's name day. Francesca Sagi, a resident East Side Hungarian, remembered that when she came from Hungary in 1971, she could stroll Second Avenue, and ''it reminded me of walking around Budapest.'' She still goes to Yorkville Meat Emporium for potato bread and stuffed cabbage, but her jauntiness is muted. ''This one died, and that one died,'' she said. ''It's sad when you see it getting smaller and smaller and smaller.'' The First Hungarian Literary Society should be pickled; its way of life is endangered. Every afternoon, elderly Hungarians gather to play gin rummy or backgammon and reminisce about the old days, in the actual Budapest as well as in Manhattan's vanished Little Budapest. With Old World formality, men put on ties, and the women splash on jewelry just to play cards. The Hungarian talk is salted with a tart wit, though it sometimes touches on Auschwitz or Buchenwald, where many members spent time. ''As they lose a husband or wife, it's the only place they can come,'' said Steven Kaldor, the club's chairman. ''It's their second home.'' The club is down to 350 members who pay an annual fee of $100. It would go under if it didn't own the building; there's a rent-paying restaurant on the ground floor. The exodus of white ethnics really began with the tearing down of the Third Avenue El, which meant affluent people could think of moving east rather than confining themselves to Silk Stocking avenues like Park. The ensuing juggernaut of terraced high-rises swallowed many of the working-class walk-ups and the mom-and-pop shops where the Mitteleuropeans lived and went about their routines. Old age did the rest. Even into the 1980's and 90's, the neighborhood supported Czech and Hungarian restaurants like Csarda, Praha and the Red Tulip; German places like Cafe Geiger and Ideal; and pastry cafes where Germans could indulge their custom of a formal afternoon tea with good china and heavy cake. Mr. Kaldor reminisced how Zsa Zsa, Eva and Magda Gabor and their mother held court 45 years ago at Budapest, which regulars called Mrs. Terhes after a compatriot who whipped together the chicken paprikash. Those places are all ghosts. Mr. Pokorny, born in 1914 in Brno, came to the United States in 1940 as a young architect to escape the Nazi occupation and to deepen his architecture studies at Columbia University. At that time, he estimates, the East Side had 40,000 Czechs, many of them workers at two Czech-owned cigar factories. ''When you walked the streets, you heard Czech spoken,'' he said, with a delighted glint behind his tortoise-shell glasses. The center of social life was Bohemian Hall -- which had a restaurant, a bowling alley, even a shooting range. Mr. Pokorny, a specialist in preservation, is spearheading the renovations so that Czechs can preserve some culture. He himself is a preserved specimen of the gallant European, a breed that has almost vanished in the razzle-dazzle of modern life. At Jan Hus church on East 74th Street, built in 1888 and named after a Czech martyr, the Rev. Moira Ahearne told me that the active Czech congregation was down to two members and that, as her Irish name suggests, the church hadn't had a Czech pastor since the 1960's. One of the two Czech congregants, Rose Luchart, 94, who has lived in the same red-brick walk-up on 73rd Street for 70 years, remembered with affection an after-school that they called the ''soup school'' because it offered soup along with lessons in Czech to the mostly poor children. She used to translate letters from the homeland into English but seldom gets called to do so now. ''The city started to build these big houses, and we had to move,'' she said. ''Everybody was sort of angry about it.'' The neighborhood is down to one genuine Central European dining spot -- the Heidelberg, on Second Avenue, just off 86th Street, where dark timbers, antlers and steins of dark beer provide the Teutonic atmosphere. My wife and I dined on a crispy roast duck and sauerbraten, both served with red cabbage by waiters dressed in lederhosen, though one admitted that he was from California. The hearty ambience was almost enough to obscure a historic stain on Yorkville's reputation. The city's German community established Turnverein gymnastic centers and hatched industrialists like Pfizer in drugs, Ruppert in beer and Steinway in pianos, but in the years before World War II, it also provided fertile ground for the pro-Nazi German-American Bund. The sad fact is that the remaining authentic Mitteleuropeans are very old and hidden away. The Rev. Stefan Chanas was imported from Slovakia in 2002 to help out at St. John Nepomucene, a barrel-vaulted church on First Avenue and 66th Street, built when the neighborhood had 7,000 Slovak families and seven Slovak restaurants. Now he visits the neighborhood's Slovaks in their railroad flats because they can no longer walk to church. ''I go visit them to hear confession,'' he said. There is, however, at least one great survivor: Glaser's at First Avenue and 87th Street, a family bakery founded in 1902, when Theodore Roosevelt was president, and a loaf of bread cost 4 cents. The proprietors are the founder's grandsons Herbert Jr., who works the day shift -- and John, who takes nights. Herbert, 53, remembered when he had a half dozen sturdy competitors, like Kramer's and Kleine Konditorei. Now he is king of the heap, but alone at the top. Once, customers with teeming families bought large cake wheels for dessert. Now, with so many singles in the neighborhood, his most popular item may be black-and-white cookies -- not ethnic at all. ''Now people come in and say, 'I'll have one of those and one of those,' '' he said. Cockeyed optimists may even see a glimmer of rebirth. Last year, Andre's Cafe, a branch of a 30-year-old bakery in Forest Hills, Queens, opened on Second Avenue near 85th Street. Its owner is Andre Heimann, a Hungarian immigrant whose mother worked for the now extinct Mrs. Herbst's, a Hungarian bakery on Third Avenue whose flaky strudel filled with apple, cherry or even cabbage was legendary. The new Andre's also serves a flaky strudel. It too is filled with apple, cherry or even cabbage.Where to GoHere is information about the locations mentioned:HUNGARIAN REFORMED CHURCH, 229 East 82nd Street, (212) 734-8144.JAN HUS PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 351 East 74th Street, (212) 288-6743.ST. JOSEPH'S YORKVILLE, 404 East 87th Street, (212) 289-6030.ST. JOHN NEPOMUCENE, 1224 First Avenue and 66th Street, (212) 734-4613.FRANKIE'S AND MOCCA, 1546 Second Avenue, at 80th Street, (212) 472-9193.SCHALLER & WEBER, 1654 Second Avenue, at 86th Street, (212) 879-3047.ELK CANDY COMPANY, 1628 Second Avenue, between 84th and 85th Streets, (212) 585-2303 or (212) 650-1177.GLASER'S BAKE SHOP, 1670 First Avenue, at 87th Street, (212) 289-2562.YORKVILLE MEAT EMPORIUM, 1560 Second Avenue, at 81st Street, (212) 628-5147.FIRST HUNGARIAN LITERARY SOCIETY, 323 East 79th Street, (212) 288-0615.BOHEMIAN NATIONAL HALL, 321 East 73rd Street; (646) 919-3093, by appointment.BLUE DANUBE gifts, 217 East 83rd Street, (212) 794-7099.HEIDELBERG RESTAURANT, 1648 Second Avenue, at 86th Street, (212) 628-2332.ANDRE'S CAFE, 1631 Second Avenue, near 85th Street, (212) 327-1105. Photos: Frank Gubicza, a butcher at Yorkville Meat Emporium on Second Avenue and 81st Street. The store features various meats, cheeses and other European fare. (Photo by Tyler Hicks/The New York Times)(pg. E29); The Yorkville Meat Emporium offers various Hungarian specialties and favorites.; Heidelberg Restaurant, left, on Second Avenue and 86th Street, remains the only Central European dining spot in the area. Right, a worshiper at St. Joseph's Yorkville. (Photographs by Tyler Hicks/The New York Times)(pg. E39)Map of Manhattan highlighting cultural touchstones. (pg. E39) Room for Debate asks whether shorefront homeowners should have to open their land to all comers. New York City's top public schools must become more diverse. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Automated Testing in Angular: IntroductionAuthor: Gergely Bikki
This is the fifth, and also final post in the Automated Testing in Angular series:
In the previous posts we have discussed the different types of automated tests, how they are written and what traits they have. There is one thing that we have not covered in this series yet: executing the tests in different environments and publishing the results in form of reports.
There is a good chance that you have already used npm test or npm e2e to execute your tests in your development environment. Executing these commands have opened the Chrome browser with the Karma runner for you, executed the tests and then waited for any changes in the code. While this behavior is perfectly fine for your development machine, it will not work on a build server since:
• it has no visual interface, so it cannot open a browser window,
• it has limited terminal interactivity, so it cannot display progress correctly,
• it has no interest in waiting for code changes, so it would hang there indefinitely.
The good news is that there is a simple solution for all these!
Executing unit tests on a build server
The Angular team has already dedicated a section to this problem in their official documentation.
We have to setup a headless Chrome configuration for CI. You probably already have the browsers array in your karma.conf.js file, so you will need to append only the customLaunchers section:
browsers: ['Chrome'],
customLaunchers: {
ChromeHeadlessCI: {
base: 'ChromeHeadless',
flags: ['--no-sandbox']
}
},
After adding the custom launcher, we can execute the unit tests using the following CI-ready command:
npm test -- --no-watch --no-progress --browsers=ChromeHeadlessCI
Executing e2e tests on a build server
In the previous post we have discussed that executing e2e tests is a two-step procedure:
1. we have to launch the development server using npm start in the first terminal,
2. we have to execute the e2e tests using npm run cypress in the second terminal.
This plan will not work in on build server, since we can usually launch only one command at a time and we would not be able to launch the second command until the first one finished.
However, there is a very useful tool that helps us overcome this issue. The npm package is called start-server-and-test and it basically does what the name says: first it launches the development server, then it runs the e2e tests concurrently and finally it shuts down the development server gracefully.
The following command is CI-ready and can be used without any additional changes:
start-server-and-test start http://localhost:4200 "cypress run"
In case you are executing the tests in a Docker container, make sure you are using the Cypress version of the node image, so you won’t have to bother with dependency installation: https://docs.cypress.io/examples/examples/docker.html
Publishing the results of automated tests
Let’s be honest here for a second: reviewing test results always requires some knowledge of reading the terminal output and is not the most appropriate option for convincing the business department that everything works. They like charts, diagrams, the green color, checkmarks, percentage signs and many more.
So how could we communicate the test results to them in a more business-friendly manner?
If you are using a CI pipeline, there is a good chance that the pipeline has built-in support for parsing generated reports and then displaying them on a nice interface. JUnit-styled XML reports are one of the most popular solutions and we going to proceed by setting up test reporters for this.
You might have to point the pipeline at the folder of the reports in case it does not pick them up by default. You should check the documentation always to be aware of the pipeline settings.
JUnit-styled reports for unit tests
JUnit reports are not supported by default in the Karma runner, so we will have to manually install the plugin and enable it.
We have to install the JUnit reporter for Karma:
npm install karma-junit-reporter --save-dev
We also have to edit the karma.conf.js file, register the plugin, enable the reporter and set the output directory of the reports:
module.exports = function (config) {
config.set({
plugins: [
require("karma-junit-reporter")
],
junitReporter: {
outputDir: "reports",
},
reporters: ["junit"]
});
};
And we are done :)
If you run npm test, you will have a reports/ directory with the XML report in it.
Don’t forget to add reports/ in the .gitignore file!
JUnit-styled reports for e2e tests
Cypress has built-in support for JUnit-styled reports, which means we can use the command line to enable the reporter:
cypress run --reporter junit --reporter-options "mochaFile=reports/e2e.xml,toConsole=true"
You will also want to update the cypress run command in the CI-ready command for e2e tests like this:
start-server-and-test start http://localhost:4200 "cypress run --reporter junit --reporter-options \"mochaFile=reports/e2e.xml,toConsole=true\""
Summary
You made it this far with us? Congratulations!
We have reached the end of this series. After a brief introduction to the testing methodology, we have explored how to build behavior-driven tests and replace Protractor with Cypress. Seeing our test results on a nice and clean interface is just as important as writing maintainable test suites. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Harry Mount
Leader writer
The reference from the Guardian 2007 (currently no 2) states that Mount left his job as the Telegraph's New York correspondent, and became a Leader writer at the Daily Mail. The reference from Penguin Books' author page (currently no 8) says that Mount has been "a leader writer for the Daily Telegraph." I suspect the second of these is incorrect. Can anybody confirm either way? Brymor (talk) 21:01, 4 July 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
File:Mr george.jpg
Summary
dust-jacket illustration by Robert E. Hubbell for Mr. George and Other Odd Persons by Stephen Grendon for illustration of an article | WIKI |
LIVE MARKETS-Opening snapshot: earnings dominate quiet start to European trading
January 25, 2018 / 8:21 AM / in 17 minutes LIVE MARKETS-Opening snapshot: earnings dominate quiet start to European trading Reuters Staff 7 Min Read (Changes headline to lower case) Jan 25 (Reuters) - Welcome to the home for real time coverage of European equity markets brought to you by Reuters stocks reporters and anchored today by Julien Ponthus. Reach him on Messenger to share your thoughts on market moves: julien.ponthus.thomsonreuters.com@reuters.net OPENING SNAPSHOT: EARNINGS DOMINATE QUIET START (0812 GMT) Ahead of the ECB meeting, European shares have opened slightly lower, while earnings are the main driver behind early moves. Software AG is down sharply after its results. Swiss chemicals maker Clariant is taking a hit after activist White Tale sold its stake of almost 25 percent. White Tale managed to scupper Clariant's planned merger but failed more recently to secure an independent strategic review and board seats. Elekta, Elior Group, and STMicro are all gaining ground following updates. Shares in Diageo have advanced a meagre 0.8 percent after its sales growth was curbed by forex - is this a taste of things to come on the currency side for big international firms? Incidentally, Next is up after RBC turned bullish on the stock, citing a strong pound and improved sales outlook. Here's your opening snapshot: (Kit Rees) WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW BEFORE EUROPE OPENS (0735 GMT) Futures point to a lower European opening after a surging euro and a faltering dollar rattled European bourses yesterday. The monthly ECB meeting and comments from U.S. officials in Davos will be under intense scrutiny. There is enough corporate news to animate the market outside of macroeconomic issues - in tech we had trading updates for SAP and STMicro. Investors are continuously assessing whether the sector is too expensive given its hefty multiples. Germany's Siemens said it is preparing for an eventual consolidation of platforms competing to provide businesses with factory software, which might trigger some speculative M&A positioning. Swedish banking group Nordea raised its dividend marginally more than expected for 2017 even though profits for the fourth quarter fell short of analyst expectations. Northern European banks with their strong capital ratios have been investors’ sweethearts for a while but with confidence rising for southern lenders, it’s interesting to see whether a change of heart could progressively occur. In the realm of “special sits”, activist White Tale is selling its nearly 25 percent stake in speciality chemicals group Clariant to Saudi Basic Industries. Merger arbs, which are already quite busy looking into the bids for the likes of Ablynx, GKN, or Sky, will also focus on Cineworld's attempt to buy U.S. rival Regal Entertainment, dealt a blow after advisory group Institutional Shareholder Services told investors to oppose the $3.6 billion deal. Here's a round-up of headlines: Activist White Tale sells Clariant stake to Saudi's SABIC Diageo sales growth curbed by forex Anglo American reports 5 pct rise in 2017 output European pilot group demands Ryanair meet unions collectively Siemens prepares for industrial software consolidation Nordea Q4 profit lags estimate, raises dividend UK's Asos beats forecasts for Christmas sales STMicro posts surge in year-end results but eyes seasonal Q1 dip Poland's PKN Q4 net profit falls 11 pct, misses forecast Software AG Q4 margins hit record; IoT business may double in 2018 ISS advises Cineworld shareholders to oppose Regal deal Block of Steinhoff loans successfully auctioned as lenders sell out Engie buys majority in hydrogen-based storage specialist EPS Italy's Tod's sees benefits from new management starting in H2 UK's Restaurant Group's 2017 comparable sales down 3 percent UK estate agents Foxtons foresees challenging 2018 BRIEF-Daily Mail group confirms outlook, Q1 ad revenue up 2 pct More oil and gas firms expect to hike capital spending in 2018 - survey Seadrill postpones restructuring plan hearing until Feb. 7 Wealth manager St. James's Place Q4 assets up on inflows, market gains Fingerprint Cards says to cut staff after warning of Q4 loss Aryzta's problems deepen as Europe, U.S. weakness leads to profit warning (Julien Ponthus and Tom Pfeiffer) IS THE RISK OF A STOCK MARKET CORRECTION RISING? (0715 GMT) On the theme of if/when we see a market pullback, economists at Oxford Economics say that short-term risks are broadly balanced between a downward correction and a further 'melt-up' rally, according to their analysis. But a continued 'melt-up' could risk an equity correction of "well over 10%". Oxford Economics reckons a stock market correction of 25 percent could cut U.S. growth to around 1 percent by 2019. (Kit Rees) EUROPEAN STOCK FUTURES POINT TO A START IN THE RED (0703 GMT) Earlier financial spreadbetters' indications made it hard to call in what direction European markets would open but futures now seem to point downward. (Julien Ponthus) WANTED: "HEALTHY PULLBACK" (0630 GMT) Just spotted an interesting quote in Chuck Mikolajczak's Wall Street report which highlights the fact that the continuous rise of markets is actually making some investors so nervous that a slight correction would be greeted with relief. "The trend is higher and it is so universally, and with such conviction believed that any meaningful pullback is going to be aborted because investors simply don’t want to miss out," said Peter Kenny, senior market strategist at Global Markets Advisory Group in New York. "So we are not seeing that healthy pullback that most investors would actually welcome." (Julien Ponthus) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Using Plack Middleware for Better Database Debugging
Overview
This is a short article that shows how one can use the new Plack based Catalyst to integrate middleware components designed to assist developers understand how your database is performing. We also will discuss how having Plack as a core Catalyst technology can assist us in broadening our software ecosystem and involve a larger developer base. An example of the approach taken to port a Catalyst specific role to Plack middleware is given.
The distributions discussed will include: Plack::Middleware::DBIC::QueryLog, Plack::Middleware::Debug::DBIC::QueryLog and a trait for the Catalyst DBIx::Class model (Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema) called Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::QueryLog::AdoptPlack.
Additionally, having some familiarity with Plack and with its debugging middleware, Plack::Middleware::Debug would be valuable.
Catalyst and Plack
One of the things that has been great about being a Catalyst developer is in how the project has been both able to maintain long term backward compatibility as well as adopt Perl / CPAN's latest and greatest. For example, a few years ago we ported the Catalyst codebase to Moose. This gave us a solid base not only for the core Catalyst code, but for people building websites on top of it.
Recently we completed the project to port Catalyst to use Plack as a core technology. I believe this will have a powerful impact on our future coding goals, since it will allow us to concentrate our available programming talent on the things that make Catalyst the most powerful and flexible MVC system for Perl. Over time I foresee much of what lives in the Catalyst::Plugin namespace become simple wrappers on top of Plack::Middleware This is a total win - win situation since it means we have less code that is specific to Catalyst (meaning even more time for core developers to spend on the most unique aspect of Catalyst) and it also means that we can levage the concentrated efforts of developers across the CPAN ecosystem. Not everyone is a Catalyst developer, and even those of us that are don't always need the full power and complexity of Catalyst. Having more code in Plack Middleware means that on those projects where I want a more light weight approach (such as Web::Simple) I have access to the same tools as I do with Catalyst for solving common problems like authentication and sessioning.
Integrating Plack::Middleware::Debug::DBIC::QueryLog with Catalyst
If you have been using Catalyst and DBIx::Class for a while, you probably have used DBIx::Class::QueryLog, which is a great tool for giving you better insight into how your database is performing. For quite a while we've had Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::QueryLog, which is a trait that enables querylogging per request to your Catalyst application. However this great feature is locked into Catalyst using this approach. Instead, let's see what can happen if we extract that functionality.
Plack::Middleware::DBIC::QueryLog
Plack::DBIC::QueryLog is a simple bit of Plack middleware that places an instance of DBIx::Class::QueryLog into your Plack $env under the key plack.middleware.dbic.querylog. It also exposes some helper methods designed to be a consistent interface for finding and creating that key. Here's how it might look in your application:
use Plack::Builder;
use MyDatabaseEnabledCatalystApplication;
my $app = MyDatabaseEnabledCatalystApplication->psgi_app;
builder {
enable 'DBIC::QueryLog';
$app;
};
Now when you startup the application using plackup your will have a fresh instance of DBIx::Class::QueryLog available for logging.
This middleware accepts arguments which match the interface given in DBIx::Class::QueryLog. Anything that you can pass to the new method of that class you can set via querylog_args:
builder {
enable 'DBIC::QueryLog',
querylog_args => {passthrough => 1};
$app;
};
passthrough is one of the more useful options, since it makes sure that the querylog allows any database events it intercepts pass through down to whatever logging you might be doing at your Catalyst application level. In many cases when you are developing you might use the DBIC_TRACE environment variable to help you understand what DBIx::Class is doing (in addition to the Querylogger). Setting the passthrough option will allow you to do both.
Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::QueryLog::AdoptPlack
Next, lets look at how to get this new querylog exposed to Catalyst. If you are using DBIx::Class with Catalyst, you are probably using Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema. This model gives you the basic functionality to connect to a database and expose your DBIC classes to your Catalyst application. It also has a clean interface for extending its functionality, which is based on Moose and Moose::Role. Basically you can wrap traits (which are just Moose::Roles) at setup on top of your Catalyst DBIC model. Since this is a configuration option, this means that you can have different traits applied in different environments. For example, in production you might be using replication, and you'd apply the trait Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::Replicated. On the flip side, in development you might want to use the querylogger to help developers understand bottlenecks in their SQL. Here's an example:
Assuming you have a class called MyDatabaseEnabledCatalystApplication::Model::Schema which looks something like this:
package MyDatabaseEnabledCatalystApplication::Model::Schema;
use parent 'Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema';
1;
Then, in your configuration file, you have something like this (assuming you are using the standard Config::General)
<Model::Schema>
schema_class MyDatabaseEnabledCatalystApplication::Schema
traits QueryLog::AdoptPlack
<connect_info>
dsn dbi:Pg:dbname=mypgdb
user postgres
password ""
</connect_info>
</Model::Schema>
Again, a trait is just a Moose::Role that gets applied at setup time, via configuration, which will make it easy to have your debugging trait in development but not in production. Please review the documentation for Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader if you need a refresher on how to use a configuration file and have different configurations for different purposes.
So that is it! Now, when Catalyst runs a request, any DBIx::Class events will be logged via the DBIx::Class::QueryLog which you have enabled via the Plack middleware you added above.
Plack::Middleware::Debug::DBIC::QueryLog
You are now logging queries, but you have no reporting tools or way to see the results of that logging. Luckily, Plack::Middleware::Debug offers us a standard approach for adding debuggin panels to your web application. Building on top of this system is straightforward. Here's how to take that querylog and have it displayed as a nicely formated debugging panel:
use Plack::Builder;
use Plack::Middleware::Debug;
use MyDatabaseEnabledCatalystApplication;
my $app = MyDatabaseEnabledCatalystApplication->psgi_app;
my $panels = Plack::Middleware::Debug->default_panels;
builder {
enable 'DBIC::QueryLog';
enable 'Debug', panels =>['DBIC::QueryLog', @$panels];
$app;
};
This creates a Plack::Middleware::Debug console that addes your querylog report to the default list of panels. If you run your application you should get a debug console similar to this one:
DBIC::QueryLog - Querylog Report
Control and Tweaks
Since the debug panel is a very common use case, it will automatically wrap the underlying Plack::Middleware::DBIC::QueryLog for you, which allows you to simplify your code a bit:
builder {
enable 'Debug', panels =>['DBIC::QueryLog', @$panels];
$app;
};
Generally I only manually add Plack::Middleware::DBIC::QueryLog when I have some sort of logging that lives outside the debugging panels. Additionally, you might want to only add the debug panels when you are in debugging mode, and you might wish to pass some arguments to the underlying DBIx::Class::QueryLog Here's a complete example:
use Plack::Builder;
use Plack::Middleware::Debug;
use MyDatabaseEnabledCatalystApplication;
my $app = MyDatabaseEnabledCatalystApplication->psgi_app;
my $panels = Plack::Middleware::Debug->default_panels;
builder {
enable_if {
$ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG}
} 'Debug', panels =>[['DBIC::QueryLog', passthrough=>1], @$panels];
$app;
};
For More Information
The source code for the three CPAN distributions discussed contain detailed examples and test cases, which are a great next step learning tool. I highly recommend reviewing them.
Summary
Having Plack as a core technology in Catalyst broadens the available software ecosystem you can access in order to do you job faster and better. However this is a two way street, so next time you are thinking of writing some Catalyst specific code, such as a plugin or a trait for some existing tool, you should consider how that functionality could be brought down to the Plack level. The code written to expose DBIx::Class::QueryLog via Plack middleware can serve as a decent example of how to do this.
Author
John Napiorkowski <jjnapiork@cpan.org> or jnap on IRC.
Thanks to Shutterstock (http://www.shutterstock.com/jobs.mhtml) for giving me a bit of time to review and craft this advent article. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Azuara impact structure
The Azuara structure is a structural feature of about 30 km diameter, located in northeastern Spain, roughly 50 km south of Zaragoza. The name is attributed to the small town of Azuara located near the center of the structure. It has been subject to controversial, generally rejected claims that it represents an impact feature. It was formerly listed in the Earth Impact Database, but was subsequently removed.
History
The first claims of an impact origin was given by Wolfgang Hammann as early as 1980, and the first field work was done by Johannes Fiebag in the early eighties. In 1985, Ernstson et al. published the purported occurrence of shock metamorphism.
Reception
Mainstream scientific opinion rejects the Azuara structure as being of impact origin, with the shock effects being tectonic features, the supposed impact ejecta (Pelarda Formation) actually being Quaternary alluvial fans and supposed impact breccias and dike breccias are generally interpreted as karst features and soil formations. The opposition against the impact origin for Azuara has been supported by an analysis and paper (Langenhorst & Deutsch 1996) rejecting the occurrence of shock metamorphism in Azuara rocks. Based on this paper and analysis, Azuara was removed from the Canadian Impact Data Base when its management changed to the University of New Brunswick. | WIKI |
Walther Horn
Walther Hermann Richard Horn (19 October 1871 – 10 July 1939) was a German physician and entomologist who specialised in beetles (Coleoptera), particularly the tiger beetles. He became the founding director of the German entomological institute where he collaborated with entomologists around the world. He is not to be confused with the American entomologist George Henry Horn who also studied Coleoptera.
Life and work
Horn was born in Berlin where his father was an industrialist. He was collecting insects even at the age of eight. In 1889 he met Gustav Kraatz who influenced his studies and in 1891 he published his first paper on tiger beetles along with his schoolmate Hans Roeschke. He studied medicine and qualified as a physician in 1895. He made collecting trips across Europe, Africa and Asia. He took over a private entomological collections begun by Gustav Kraatz in Berlin in 1904. This institution was renamed as the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut in 1920. During World War I, Horn served on the eastern front. In 1922, Horn as director of the institute, solved the institute's funding problems by affiliating it with the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science. Horn established a journal where he reviewed literature and interacted with colleagues across the world. He helped organize several entomological conferences including the International Entomological Congresses (from 1910 to 1938) and produced a comprehensive index of entomological literature.
Selected works
* 1903. Zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Cicindelen. Münchener koleopterologische Zeitschrift, 1(4):337-346.
* 1908. Coleoptera Adephaga. Fam. Carabidae Subfam. Cicindelinae. in: Wytsman P.(ed.), Genera Insectorum. Fascicule 82A. P. Wytsman, Brussels, pp. 1–104, pls. 1–5.
* 1910. Coleoptera Adephaga. Fam. Carabidae Subfam. Cicindelinae. in: P. Wytsman (ed.), Genera Insectorum. Fascicule 82B. P. Wytsman, Brussels, pp. 105–208, pls. 6–15.
* 1915. Coleoptera Adephaga. Fam. Carabidae Subfam. Cicindelinae. in: P. Wytsman (ed.), Genera Insectorum. Fascicule 82C. P. Wytsman, Brussels, pp. 209–486, pls. 16–23.
* 1926. Pars 86. Carabidae: Cicindelinae. IN: S. Schenkling (ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. W. Junk, Berlin, 345 pp.
* 1928–1929. With Sigmund Schenkling Index Litteraturae Entomologicae Horn, Berlin-Dahlem. A bibliography of entomology, covering the early printed works on entomology through to 1900 and describing over 25,000 printed items.
Collection
Horn's collection of Cicindelidae including larvae as well as his other beetle collections (North Africa (1896), Ceylon (1899), North and South America (1902) and Persian Gulf (1926) are conserved in the German Entomological Institute.
Other sources
* Anonym [Horn, W. H. R.] Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. G. Doria 60 2
* Anonym 1939 [Horn, W. H. R.] Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 71 153
* Arrow, G. J. 1939: [Horn, W. H. R.] Entomologist's Monthly Magazine (3) 75 204-205
* De Beaux, O. 1940: [Horn, W. H. R.] Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. G. Doria 60(2)
* Osborn, H. 1937: Fragments of Entomological History Including Some Personal Recollections of Men and Events. Columbus, Ohio, Published by the Author 1 1-394.
* Osborn, H. 1952 A Brief History of Entomology Including Time of Demosthenes and Aristotle to Modern Times with over Five Hundred Portraits. Columbus, Ohio, The Spahr & Glenn Company
* Solari 1939 [Horn, W. H. R.] Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 71 153-154 | WIKI |
Moments (Emerson Drive song)
"Moments" is a song written by Sam Tate, Annie Tate and Dave Berg, and recorded by Canadian country music band Emerson Drive. It was released in November 2006 as the third single from the album Countrified. The song was a Top Five hit on the Canadian country music charts. It also reached Number One on the Billboard U.S. Hot Country Songs charts, becoming the first Number One single not only for the band, but also for their label, Midas Records Nashville. "Moments" was the most played country music song of 2007 in Canada. The song was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards.
Content
The song is a ballad in which the narrator, a young man, plans to commit suicide by jumping off a bridge. While on the bridge, he notices an older, homeless man, to whom he gives money, figuring that he "wouldn't need it anyway". Upon receiving the money, the old homeless man tells of his past, saying that he "hasn't always been this way", and that he has had his "Moments, days in the sun / Moments [he] was second to none". Upon hearing the story, the young man then ponders his own life, wondering if anyone will miss him, should he decide to take his own life. He remembers his own "Moments, days in the sun." The young man then walks away from the bridge, imagining the older man telling his friends about his moments, including "that cool night on the East Street bridge / When a young man almost ended it / I was right there, wasn't scared a bit / And I helped to pull him through".
The song originated when songwriter Annie Tate and her husband, Sam, were working with their friend and songwriting partner Dave Berg to construct a song about people having their moments. Sam came up with the idea of basing the song around a homeless man. After the song was written, he stated, "I've always wanted to write a song about redemption and how everyone has the ability to redeem themselves somehow". | WIKI |
More Girls Are Playing Football. Is That Progress?
More girls are playing high school football, even as the sport draws fewer participants overall in an injury-conscious era. As part of Super Bowl LII in Minneapolis, the National Football League organized its third Women’s Summit for Friday “to discuss how football and the broader sports world can continue to support the advancement of women on and off the field,” said Kamran Mumtaz, an N.F.L. spokesman. The sport remains male-dominated, with no women playing in the N.F.L. and few on college teams. But some high school girls, playing on teams of boys, are gaining attention for their achievements. For example, last fall, the high school quarterback Holly Neher threw a touchdown pass in Florida, making headlines as the first girl known to do so in state history. And K-Lani Nava, a kicker, became the first girl in Texas to score points in a high school state championship game. But as a growing body of research suggests that youth tackle football is harmful to children’s brains, not everyone is cheering. “Why bring girls into it? We should be taking the boys out of it,” said Dr. Robert Stern, director of clinical research for Boston University’s C.T.E. Center, which studies chronic traumatic encephalopathy, the degenerative brain disease caused by repeated blows to the head. “It doesn’t make sense to expose our children to repetitive head impacts during periods of incredible maturation of the most important organ in our body, the brain.” The number of girls playing tackle football is still low compared to boys — of the 225,000 athletes in Pop Warner youth football programs, for example, just 1,100 are girls. According to the Sports and Fitness Industry Association, of the 5.5 million Americans who report playing tackle football, 596,000 — or 10.9 percent — are female. It is notable that more girls want to play even as annual survey by the National Association of State High School Federations reported that participation in high school football went down 3.5 percent over the past five years. Valerie Palmer-Mehta, a professor of communication at Oakland University whose work focuses on women and rhetoric, said the change is evidence of larger cultural shifts. “We can thank a constellation of cultural forces for women’s involvement in football today, from Title IX to the women’s movement, to strong female athletes who have persisted in pursuing their athletic dreams despite a lack of broader cultural support,” Dr. Palmer-Mehta said. Team sports like football provide well established social, physical and psychological benefits. But a Boston University study released last year found that kids who played tackle football before age 12 may be at higher risk for emotional and behavioral problems later in life. Another study took MRIs of the brains of kids before and after a single season of tackle football, removing from the study anyone who had a diagnosable concussion. Those researchers found that there was a change in the brain’s white matter after just one season of play. And a study published in January in the journal Brain found the kind of changes typical of C.T.E. in the brains of four teenage athletes who had died after impact injuries. Dr. Stern said that it is important to understand that the real danger for C.T.E. is not necessarily concussions, but subconcussive impacts. That is, repeated hitting is damaging — even if it doesn’t cause a concussion. Crystal Sacco, league president and co-founder of Utah Girls Tackle Football, which started in 2015 and is expecting about 400 girls this season, said she doesn’t hear many concerns from parents about their daughters playing tackle football. “I think they feel safe because they’re playing against other girls,” she said. And Dr. Stern noted that it is not possible to say whether the research — which looked only at boys — can be generalized to include girls because in an all-girls league, the force of the hits could be different. But several studies have found that in sports with comparable rules between girls and boys, the rates of concussion are actually higher in women. Not only that, a 2012 statement from the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine highlighted research showing that female athletes sustain more concussions than their male counterparts, report more severe symptoms and have a longer duration of recovery than men. “When it comes to female athletes’ participation — regardless of age — we’re lacking in truly understanding their experience around head injury,” said Donna Duffy, co-director of the Female Brain Project, a research team at the University of North Carolina Greensboro studying head injuries in female athletes. “We’re on the cusp of this; there’s a growing body of literature suggesting that biological sex hormones may be impacted or disrupted when a head injury is sustained.” But while Dr. Duffy cautions more research is needed, she agrees with other researchers that prepubescent kids should avoid playing tackle football. Parents whose daughters want to play football may feel they have a difficult decision to make. Several programs suggest flag football as a healthier option for both boys and girls, because they learn the strategy of the game and develop agility skills without risking the injuries of tackling. Last month, the Concussion Legacy Foundation, composed of doctors and former N.F.L. players, recommended that no children play tackle football before age 14. They’ve created the Flag Football Under 14 program to encourage kids who want to play football to start with flag football until they’re older, and Chris Nowinski, the foundation’s co-founder and chief executive, says those guidelines apply to both boys and girls. The N.F.L. has also been promoting its flag football program, which partners with U.S.A. Football to allow kids who play flag football to sport the uniform and logo of an N.F.L. team. The N.F.L. Flag program is open to both girls and boys, and according to Mr. Mumtaz, participation increased 45 percent in the past five years to more than 409,000 in 2017. Girls varsity flag football has been sanctioned as a high school sport in five states. Jen Welter, the first female coach in the N.F.L., founded Grrridiron Girls, a flag football camp program designed to allow girls of all experience levels to participate. Her most recent camp in Boston had 90 participants. Dr. Welter suggested that if a girl is interested in playing football, rather than shutting down the conversation entirely, parents could discuss what drives her desire to play and consider ways to play safely. “Flag is one of those ways,” she said, to allow them “to learn about the game and to develop their skills.” An earlier version of this article gave the wrong date for the N.F.L. Women’s Summit. It was Friday, not Sunday. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Insectivore
From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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An insectivore is an animal or insect that eats mostly insects for food. An Anteater is an animal that eats ants. There are also some plants that eat insects. One plant that is an insectivore is called a Venus fly-trap.
To eat insects for food is not very easy because it takes many insects to make enough food for a large insect-eating animal. Anteaters eat hundreds of ants every day.
Some omnivores like humans and bears also eat insects for food.
Related pages[change | change source]
• Herbivore - an animal that eats mostly plants
• Carnivore - an animal that mostly eats meat from other animals.
• Detritivore - an animal that eats garbage, dead animals or other food left from another animal.
• Omnivore - an animal that eats animal meat, plants, fruit, and insects. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
For Helen Hunt, the Stage Manager role in “Our Town” isn’t about being male or female; it’s about bringing authority to the part.
‘Our Town’ Evolves, as a Former Emily Tries Management
THERE is precisely one word of dialogue in Thornton Wilder’s “Our Town” that reveals something personal about the play’s Stage Manager, a kind of all-knowing god of Americana who narrates the bittersweet story of small-town life, love and loss. The detail another character refers to the Stage Manager as “sir” is telling inasmuch as it underscores the authority that the Stage Manager must convey to deliver heartbreaking truths with full force. And, of course, “sir” confirms that the Stage Manager is a man. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Which of the following is not a basic element of a robot?
Which of the following is not the basic element of a robot?
Explanation: Engery is not an essential components for construction of robots. 14. Which of the following terms IS NOT one of the five basic parts of a robot? Explanation: peripheral tools is not one of the five basic parts of a robot.
What are the basic elements of a robot?
The components of a robot are the body/frame, control system, manipulators, and drivetrain.
What 4 things define a robot?
What is a Robot?
• Robots all consist of some sort of mechanical construction. The mechanical aspect of a robot helps it complete tasks in the environment for which it’s designed. …
• Robots need electrical components that control and power the machinery. …
• Robots contain at least some level of computer programming.
What are 5 characteristics of a robot?
The following five essential qualities characterize robots as we have come to know them today.
• Intelligence. Human intelligence is derived from the elaborate and interconnected network of neurons within the human brain. …
• Sense Perception. …
• Dexterity. …
• Power. …
• Independence.
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What are the basic elements of the industrial robot system?
Industrial Robots Main Components
The four main parts of an industrial robot are the manipulator, the controller, the human interface device, and the power supply.
What makes a robot a robot?
A robot can be defined as a mechanical device that is capable of performing a variety of tasks on command or according to instructions programmed in advance. Engineers design robots to perform complex tasks more easily and with greater accuracy. Some everyday examples of robots include: automatic car washes.
What are the 8 components of a robot?
The Main Parts of a Robot
• Control System. At the most basic level, human beings and other animals survive through a principle called feedback. …
• Sensors. …
• Actuators. …
• Power Supply. …
• End Effectors.
What are the four basic robot configuration available commercially?
There are six major types of robot configurations: Cartesian, Cylindrical, Spherical, Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm (SCARA). Articulate, and Delta (Parallel).
What are the 3 essential ingredients of a robot?
Whether they look like us or not, most robots have three essential ingredients that make them a robot: sensors, actuators, and programs.
What are 5 different types of robots?
A simpler, more complete definition of robotic types can be narrowed down to five types: Cartesian, Cylindrical, SCARA, 6-Axis and Delta. Each industrial robot type has specific elements that make them best-suited for different applications. The main differentiators among them are their speed, size and workspace.
What are the 7 types of robots?
The Top Seven Types of Robots
• Articulated.
• Cartesian.
• Collaborative Robots.
• SCARA.
• Cylindical.
• Delta.
• Polar.
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What are the 5 major fields of robotics?
Understanding the 5 Primary Areas of Robotics
• Operator interface.
• Mobility or locomotion.
• Manipulators & Effectors.
• Programming.
• Sensing & Perception.
Categories AI | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Amorina (ship)
Amorina was built as a lightship in 1934 for the Swedish maritime authorities then designated as lightship 33. It was bought by private parties in 1979, converted to have masts installed and competed in the 1983 Cutty Sark Tall Ships Race.
Design and construction
The vessel was designed as a lightvessel for use by Swedish maritime authorities. Lightship 33 was constructed in 1934 at the Götaverken shipyard in Gothenburg. The hull was built to Lloyds' Ice Class A1, with an icebreaker bow and 170 mm-thick riveted hull plates.
Operational history
From completion until the late 1960s, Lightship 33 was usually moored on station in the Baltic Sea: either at Sydostbrotten or Nordströmsgrund. During the 1960s, the lightships were replaced by the prefabricated Kasun Light Houses. Lightship 33 was laid up in 1970. A group of Swedish sailors, who had lost their vessel in the Mediterranean, formed the company Amorina Cruises, and purchased the lightvessel in 1979. Renamed Amorina, the vessel was refitted into a barquentine at Aveiro, Portugal. Three steel masts were installed and the wheelhouse was relocated, while increased accommodation and a saloon were fitted belowdecks. After refitting, the vessel was 34.3 m in length, with a beam of 7.7 m, and a draught of 4.5 m. She had a mast height of 34 m, and a total sail area of 650 m2. Auxiliary propulsion was provided by a Deutch 500 hp diesel, with a service speed of 6.5 kn.
The conversion was completed in 1983, and Amorina participated in that year's Cutty Sark Tall Ships Race. The vessel was based in Stockholm during 1985 and early 1986. In March, Amorina sailed to England and joined the First Fleet Re-enactment Voyage: a historical re-enactment for the Australian Bicentenary. She left England for Australia in May 1987, and sailed with the fleet via Tenerife, Rio de Janeiro, Cape Town, Mauritius, and Fremantle before arriving in Sydney on Australia Day (26 January) 1988. | WIKI |
[Crim. No. 7739.
In Bank.
July 18, 1967.]
THE PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. GREGORY ULAS POWELL and JIMMY LEE SMITH, Defendants and Appellants.
Herbert E. Selwyn and Irving A. Kanarek, under appointment by the Supreme Court, for Defendants and Appellants.
Thomas C. Lynch, Attorney General, William E. James, Assistant Attorney General, and Norman H. Sokolow, Deputy Attorney General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
MOSK, J.
A jury found defendants Powell and Smith guilty of first degree murder, and fixed the punishment at death for each defendant. This appeal is automatic. (Pen. Code, § 1239, subd. (b).)
Defendants’ principal contention is that incriminating statements taken from them by the police without adequate warnings of their constitutional rights were introduced at trial in violation of Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) 378 U.S. 478 [12 L.Ed.2d 977, 84 S.Ct. 1758], and People v. Dorado (1965) 62 Cal.2d 338 [42 Cal.Rptr. 169, 398 P.2d 361]. After a thorough review of the record we are compelled to conclude that the contention must be sustained and that the judgments must accordingly be reversed for a new trial.
On the evening of March 9, 1963, Los Angeles plainclothes police officers Ian Campbell and Karl Hettinger were patrolling in an unmarked vehicle for the purpose of detecting and suppressing burglaries and robberies. About 10 p.m. they observed defendants’ 1946 Ford automobile being driven slowly along a street in Hollywood; its two male occupants were wearing dark clothing and caps, and its license plate was not illuminated. The officers halted the ear and identified themselves as police. Powell drew a gun and disarmed Officer Campbell, and at Powell’s direction Smith took Officer Hettinger’s gun. The officers were ordered into the Ford, and after Smith unsuccessfully attempted to move the police car, Officer Campbell was told to begin driving in the direction of Bakersfield on Highway 99.
When Powell learned their car had been stopped for lack of license plate illumination, he said, “Son of a bitch, we couldn’t be any hotter” and “I have already killed two people; I didn’t want to get into this business but now that I am in it I have got to go all of the way.” Officer Campbell was repeatedly warned to drive in such a manner as to attract no attention. Powell said the officers would be released when they reached a remote spot. He agreed to throw the officers’ guns into the brush where they could be found after he and Smith had left, and he returned to Officer Hettinger some money he had taken from him earlier in the ride. At intervals, Powell and Smith engaged in whispered conversations.
After entering Kern County, Officer Campbell was directed to turn off the freeway onto a secluded dirt road pointed out by Smith. Smith suggested the officers be left tied up, but Powell replied, “No; they would freeze to death out here.” Shortly thereafter he told Officer Campbell to stop the car, and said, “This is where we are going to let you go.” After everyone got out, Powell and Smith appeared to hold another whispered conversation. Powell then asked Officer Campbell whether he had heard of the “little Lindbergh law”; when the officer replied that he had, Powell raised his gun and shot him in the mouth. Officer Hettinger turned and ran; looking back, he saw one of the defendants fire two shots at him while the other fired four shots into Officer Campbell’s fallen body. Officer Hettinger testified that from the position of the parties he believed, though he could not be sure, that it was Powell who fired at him and Smith who fired into the victim’s body. It was subsequently determined that Officer Campbell suffered a total of five bullet wounds: one in the mouth, which would not immediately have been fatal, and four in the chest, each of which would have caused death within a matter of minutes ; the bullets, moreover, had been fired from two different guns.
Officer Hettinger continued running, and saw what appeared to be a flashlight shining in the area from which he had escaped, then the headlights of a car which seemed to be circling around. He reached a farmhouse and called the Kern County sheriff’s office, furnishing a description of defendants. It was then approximately 12:30 a.m. on March 10, 1963.
At 12:40 a.m. two highway patrolmen near Bakersfield received a radio report that a Plymouth automobile had been stolen from a farm; about 1:10 a.m., they were warned that the vehicle might be occupied by suspects in the killing of Officer Campbell. Shortly afterwards they stopped a car fitting the Plymouth’s description. Powell was the sole occupant, and the registration receipt he presented matched the license plates but not the vehicle itself. ’ ’ One of the officers, having observed Powell dip his left shoulder as the car was brought to a halt, searched under the front seat and found a .32-caliber automatic. Powell admitted he was an ex-convict, and was immediately placed under arrest for carrying a concealed weapon. A box of ammunition and an extra loaded magazine were also found on his person, and a flashlight with the name “Hettinger” printed on it was discovered on the front seat.
Several other officers arrived on the scene, and one stated, “This is the man who shot the police officer.” When asked about Hettinger’s flashlight, Powell said he would talk only to the “big detective,” referring to Chief Deputy Sheriff Pote. Chief Pote entered the patrol ear in which Powell had been placed in handcuffs. Powell requested that the doors and windows be closed, then asked if he could “get a break by talking. ’ ’ Chief Pote told him that he would not, and advised him that “anything he might say could be used in court against him.” Powell replied that he realized this, but nevertheless proceeded to relate that earlier the previous evening he and one “Jimmy Youngblood,” later identified as Smith, drove around looking for “a possible stickup location”; that they disarmed two Los Angeles police officers who stopped them, and forced them to drive over the Ridge Route and out into a field; that “the first thing that he, Powell, knew, Youngblood was shooting at the officer that had driven the car”; that Powell “was scared” and started to run, as did the second officer; that he saw “Youngblood” circle around in the car, looking for him or the officer; that he arrived at a farmhouse and stole a Plymouth; and that upon reaching his motel he switched license plates and proceeded south on Highway 99 until he was stopped by the patrolmen. He conceded that Officers Campbell and Hettinger had been “very congenial” and had offered no resistance whatever. Finally, he furnished a description of Smith and said he was. also an ex-eonviet. (The foregoing account, which was given partly at the scene of the arrest and partly en route to the Bakersfield county jail, will be referred to as Powell’s first statement.)
About 2:45 a.m. Powell was questioned in Chief Fote’s office by Officer Cooper. Defense counsel objected to the latter’s testimony “on the grounds it is a violation of this defendant’s constitutional right to have the presence of an attorney or the advice of an attorney at any time.” The prosecutor remarked, “That is a frivolous objection”; although the court instructed the jury to disregard the remark, it subsequently overruled the objection. [See fn. 1] Again, on voir dire of the witness defense counsel inquired whether “At any time while you talked to this defendant during this 20 or 30 minutes you mentioned was this defendant advised of his right to have an attorney consult with him?” The court sustained the prosecutor’s objection that the question was “immaterial.”
Officer Cooper then proceeded to relate the substance of Powell’s answers to his questions. They were generally similar to his first statement, but included a number of new details. For example, Powell stated that during the ride with Officers Campbell and Hettinger there was talk “about kidnapping and the F.B.I. would be after them.” He continued to accuse Smith of firing all the shots, hut added that he, Powell, left his guns in the car and did not even have a weapon in his hand at the time of the killing. He stated that Smith drove after the fleeing Officer Hettinger, saying he was going to “kill that other son of a bitch.” Powell sought to explain his possession of the automatic at the time of his arrest by claiming that he returned to the scene of the shooting and found the weapon on the ground where it had " possibly” fallen out of the car as Smith drove off. Powell also stated that he and Smith had bought their guns in Nevada “to commit armed robberies”; when asked if he had committed any such robberies in the Los Angeles vicinity, he admitted perpetrating three. (This will be referred to as Powell’s second statement.)
At 3:28 a.m. Officer Cooper repeated this interrogation for the purpose of making a tape recording. At the outset the officer asked Powell if he was aware of his “legal rights” and knew that anything he said “may be used as evidence against you at a later time,” and Powell replied in the affirmative. Under the officer’s questioning Powell reiterated the contents of his second statement, but in still greater detail. In explaining why he pulled a gun on Officer Campbell when they were first stopped, for example, he said that “all I could see was my parole violation” and “I just thought, ‘Well, good God, here I am, I just—I’m dead,’ you know.” He admitted that during the subsequent kidnaping he told his victims, “We’re pretty doggone hot.” He denied, however, hearing any mention of the “little Lindbergh law” just prior to the shooting. On the basis of information supplied by Officer Hettinger, Officer Cooper then accused Powell of firing the first shot himself, with the automatic; Powell replied, “I can’t say it was impossible for it to have been fired at the time, but I didn’t fire it,” and again accused Smith of firing all the shots. After some questioning by a second detective, the interrogation ended at 4:17 a.m. (This will be referred to as Powell’s third statement.)
Thereafter Powell was transported to the Los Angeles police station. At 3:10 p.m. he was interrogated by Officer Brooks, who had taken charge of the investigation. In response to the officer’s questions, Powell described his association with “Youngblood”; he claimed that in each of their three robberies together he, Powell, had remained outside as the driver while “Youngblood,” wearing makeup, had entered the establishment and actually committed the holdup. (This will be referred to as Powell’s, fourth statement.) At 3 :45 p.m. Officer Brooks again interrogated Powell and a tape recording was made. Powell was asked to describe everything that happened the previous evening after he and “Young-blood” were stopped by Officers Campbell and Hettinger. Powell recounted the story he gave in -his first three statements, but in further detail. (This will be referred to as Powell’s fifth statement.)
After receiving the results of the autopsy Officer Brooks interrogated Powell at 8:40 p.m., the statement being tape recorded. Officer Brooks acknowledged to Powell that the latter ’s pregnant common-law wife had been arrested for investigation of robbery, and once more accused him of shooting Officer Campbell, adding that the first shot had been fired into the victim’s face. Powell denied the shooting, and the officer said that “all I ask of you” is to “tell me the truth as best you recall it.” Powell then repeated his earlier story, admitting however that during the ride with Officers Campbell and Hettinger he told them that if the car was stopped “they were dead.” Officer Brooks then revealed the fact that the police had learned the victim was shot with two different guns. Powell denied shooting him with either one, and sought to bolster his protestations of truthfulness by remarking that “I know what the score is. I know that I’ve had it completely and totally. ’ ’
As the interrogation continued, Powell admitted that during the ride he and Smith discussed the fact that “we can’t let them go and stay in this car, you know, there is no way we can outrun a radio.” A second police officer then asked Powell whether the .32 automatic had been loaded at the start of the ride; Powell replied that the magazine was full but there was no shell in the chamber, and that while they were on the freeway he whispered to Smith to make it “ready to go” by pulling back the carriage of the weapon. Powell claimed, however, that the automatic was not fired at the scene. Officer Brooks thereupon disclosed that the police could prove that it was, and asked if Powell was “going to tell me now that [Smith] fired all three guns?” When Powell insisted the automatic had not been fired, Officer Brooks commented on his vehemence and drew an admission that he had a “rather nasty temper.” The interrogation ended at 9:30 p.m. (This will be referred to as Powell’s sixth statement.)
At this point in the investigation Smith was apprehended. About 10:50 p.m. Officer Milligan entered a rooming house in Bakersfield looking for Smith, having received information that he was armed. Smith appeared, identified himself, and was placed under arrest. When asked where his gun was, Smith nodded in the direction of an adjacent room and said it was in a jacket on the bed, adding, “It is that detective’s gun.” He was handcuffed and forced to lie on the floor outside his room. He then said, “The other guy shot that man,” and asked, “Do you want me to tell you what happened?” Officer Milligan replied that he did, and Smith stated briefly that Powell disarmed two policemen in Los Angeles, “informed” Smith to come to Bakersfield with them, “shot that man in cold blood” when they reached a field, and thrust the detective’s gun into his hand and told him to chase the fleeing officer; that he, Smith, was scared and kept on running rather than pursue the officer. (This will be referred to as Smith’s first statement.)
Smith was then transported to the Bakersfield police station in a squad car with three officers. Bn route, a “conversation” was held in which Smith reiterated the contents of his first statement, adding that after Powell disarmed the first officer he threatened to kill him unless the second officer gave up his gun, and that he, Smith, was “too nervous” to take the gun and the officer handed it directly to Powell. Smith further claimed that after Officer Campbell was shot, Powell fired at Officer Hettinger until his gun was empty and then began shooting with the automatic. (This will be referred to as Smith’s second statement.)
Upon learning of Smith’s arrest Officer Brooks drove to Bakersfield and began questioning him at 3:30 a.m. on March 11, in the company of two other officers. The statement was tape recorded. Officer Brooks instructed Smith to “tell the story the best way you remember,” and Smith reiterated in greater detail the version he gave to the Bakersfield police. He admitted, however, that Officer Hettinger gave up his gun to him, rather than to Powell as he had previously said. He continued to insist that Powell did all the shooting, but no longer claimed he began running when Officer Hettinger did; instead, he said he was “petrified” and did not move. He explained that after the shooting he volunteered to look for Officer Hettinger in the car, then drove off and left Powell behind.
When told that Powell had made a similar claim, Smith said, “He did? Well, it don’t make any difference because we’re both going to get gassed anyway.” He admitted that at the time they were first stopped they were looking for a place to rob; he denied however, that he had actually committed any robberies with Powell, saying, ‘' I would be willing to bet my life on it right at this minute.” Finally, Smith claimed he could not bring himself to look at Officer Campbell’s body, although conceding that “this may seem a little phony to you. . . .” (This will be referred to as Smith’s third statement.)
Shortly after 7 a.m. on March 11 Smith was taken to the scene of the shooting. At the request of the police, he directed several officers in a reenactment of the events and portrayed his own role therein. A series of photographs were taken and subsequently introduced in evidence. During the reenactment Smith explained how the shooting took place, but repeatedly denied firing any shots himself. (This will be referred to as Smith’s fourth statement.)
Between 7:40 and 9 :40 a.m. Smith was transported to the Los Angeles police station in the company of Officer Brooks and two other policemen. During the ride Officer Brooks questioned him as to his relationship with Powell; he again denied committing any robberies with the latter, adding, ‘ ‘ I swear it on my mother’s name. I want you to believe me.” When asked if he could ever kill anyone, Smith admitted, “Maybe in a pinch or for something like getting out of going to death row. ’ ’ And he further stated that in the course of the kidnaping Powell whispered to him,. “Jimmy, I told you it was only a matter of time before it would come to this. It’s either them or us. Remember the Lindbergh Law?” (This will be referred to as Smith’s fifth statement.)
On the third day of the interrogations, March 12, a number of critical admissions were elicited from both defendants. At 10 :25 a.m. Officer Brooks informed Smith that the police had “done a little bit more work” since the previous interrogation,- and accused' him of participating as the driver in robberies committed by Powell. Contrary to the. protestations of his third and fifth statements, Smith admitted he had done so, and under further questioning described the various robberies in some detail. (This will be referred to as Smith’s sixth statement.)
At 10:40 a.m. Officer Brooks summoned Powell to the interrogation room and said he had “a little news” for him, informing him that “Jimmy Smith has been arrested and he is in the building right here now, and he has told us a different story than the one that you have told us. ’ ’ Powell replied, “Well, as long as you have got Jimmy Smith I may as well tell you that I popped off the first cap and Jimmy popped the caps into the officer after he was down.” This extremely damaging admission, of course, was contrary to his repeated prior claims of nonparticipation in the shooting. Five minutes later the interrogation was resumed with a tape recorder, and Powell was asked to tell again how the shooting occurred. Under further questioning he amplified this statement and repeated it to a police captain, saying that after the shooting of Officer Campbell “we both realized, you know, that it was all over with and we hoped ... to gain a little time by getting the other officer, too ”; he admitted that by the phrase “getting the other officer” he meant finding and killing him. (This will be referred to as Powell’s seventh statement.)
At that point Smith was brought in, and Powell repeated the foregoing statement in his presence. Officer Hettinger then entered the room and stated that Powell fired the first shot, knocking Officer Campbell down, and that Smith fired three or four times into the fallen body. Smith’s first response to these accusations was simply to inquire whether, “if I fired into the man’s body,” the shots were rapid or slow; Officer Hettinger answered that they were rapid fire. Subsequently Smith denied shooting at Officer Campbell at all; when asked to explain how the latter came to be shot four more times, Smith could only reply, “This sounds weak, but I don’t know.” (This will be referred to as Smith’s seventh statement.)
Smith and Officer Hettinger left the room, and at 11:35 a.m. Officer Brooks resumed questioning Powell. Two officers from the robbery detail arrived, and the subject turned to robberies committed by Powell during the preceding few months. He admitted a substantial number, often two or three in one night; Smith was usually the driver in those in which he participated, but on one occasion he went inside with Powell ; and when they were stopped by Officers Campbell and Hettinger they were on their way to rob a market in Hollywood but had been caught in a traffic jam. Powell explained that before committing a robbery he would drink until he became relaxed and did not care what happened, and that during the crime ‘ ‘ I was having a ball, you know. ’' He said that was the way he felt when he shot Officer Campbell, but added, “I lmew definitely what I was doing after that. I mean, once the officer went down there was no thought in my mind about any—anything except that we had to try to get them both.” (This may be deemed a continuation of Powell’s seventh statement.)
At 4:15 p.m. Powell was again taken to the interrogation room of the police station and was asked by Officer Brooks to tell exactly how he had disarmed Officers Campbell and Hettinger. He complied, giving a detailed description of the event. He added that during the course of the kidnaping he challenged Officer Campbell “to shoot it out” with him after they stopped the car, and if he had accepted “I would have killed him.” He further admitted that “I did think of killing the officers as we came down the Grapevine; the thought came to my mind that if we hid their bodies in one of those canyons they never would be found.” He claimed he “shied away” from the idea, but explained that “I think that I had made up my mind to kill them before, without really facing the fact that this is what I intended to do. I deliberately kept my mind occupied with other thoughts as I walked around the back of the car, raised my gun and shot the officer. I did not consciously think I have to kill. I did not develop upon it. I just raised the gun, fired at him and immediately tried to hit the other officer, still without thinking consciously, ‘This man I must kill also,' because if I left the thought enter my mind of what I was doing I might have become confused and scared enough to do what I knew or felt had to be done. ’ ’
Contrary to the claims in his prior statements that the shooting of Officer Campbell was accidental, Powell admitted that “I have handled the gun enough that I’m competent with it, and the chances of its going off accidentally are nonexistent.” He stated that he “aimed for [the officer’s] heart,” and “The only other alternative was to give myself up or kill him. I think I thought of this previously and felt I would rather be dead myself than give up. ’ ’ These statements were written down verbatim by Officer Brooks and signed by Powell; the interrogation ended at 4:50 p.m. (This will be referred to as Powell’s eighth statement.)
Shortly before 7 a.m. on March 13, both Powell and Smith were again taken to the interrogation room. Officer Brooks presented them with a transcript of their taped statements of the previous day and asked them to make any corrections they wished. A number of changes were made, and defendants signed the final version. Smith then told Officer Brooks that “his memory was hazy, and he was sorry he lied to me before.” He stated that “He now remembers Powell firing into the officer’s body on the ground,” a remark which drew an angry denial from Powell. And contrary to his repeated protestations in earlier statements that he did not fire a gun at the scene, Smith admitted for the first time that he fired “one shot from the .32 automatic at the officer who was running away.” (This will be referred to as Smith’s eighth statement.)
At some point on March 13 defendants were finally taken before a magistrate and arraigned. We note this was four days after defendants’ arrests, and after some 16 increasingly incriminating statements had been taken from them by the police. And as will appear, there were more interrogations yet to come.
At 9:30 a.m. on March 15 Smith was questioned by Officer Austin of the robbery detail. He admitted participating in four robberies with Powell in the week preceding the kidnaping, and described them in detail. He further related how they went to Las Vegas on March 8 and 9 for the purpose of buying guns to use in future holdups, and how they engaged in target practice in a dump on their return. The questioning ended at 11a.m. (This will be referred to as Smith’s ninth statement.)
At 6 :25 p.m. Powell was transported from the county jail to the police station and further questioned by Officer Brooks, the statement being tape recorded. Saying that ‘ ‘ I have to ask you these questions,” Officer Brooks caused Powell to relate once again his involvement in the crimes. In addition, however, Powell admitted that if he had had a gun within reach when he was stopped in the stolen Plymouth by the highway patrolmen “I most likely would’ve tried the same thing again.” He emphasized that if Officer Campbell had accepted his offer to “shoot it out,” he would have died “and Hettinger would’ve too.” Officer Brooks asked Powell what he would have done if Officer Campbell had tried to turn on him after being disarmed, and he replied, ‘ ‘ It would depend upon how gracefully [the officer moved] and whether I thought that he was good enough so that I had to shoot him or not.” (This will be referred to as Powell’s ninth statement.)
At the conclusion of the interrogation, Powell agreed that in prior statements Smith had “changed his story several times,” and Officer Brooks said, “I’m going to ask him again what his story is, and we’ll see what it is tonight.” Accordingly, at 7:25 p.m. Officer Brooks confronted Smith with all four guns involved in the case, saying, “perhaps it might help refresh your memory or get the story right.” Smith reiterated the version he gave in his eighth statement. He again admitted participating in robberies with Powell, and acknowledged that when he denied it in his third and fifth statements “I told you a lie.” He further admitted that an earlier statement to the effect that Powell “forced” him to participate was not true because he could have left Powell on many occasions. At the conclusion of the interrogation he said he did not resent Officer Brooks’ talking to him, and remarked, “You got a job to do, Sergeant ... I know that you got to get as much—make the case as clear-cut as you can. . . .” (This will be referred to as Smith’s tenth statement.)
.Finally, at 8 -.50 p.m. on March 18 Powell was again taken from the county jail to the police station, where he was questioned by Officer Austin; the statement was tape recorded. Contrary to his claim in his second statement that he had committed only three robberies in the Los Angeles area, Powell admitted perpetrating between 30 and 35 in the month preceding the kidnaping, and described them in detail. Contrary to his claim in his fourth statement that it was Smith who wore makeup in committing the robberies, Powell admitted wearing the makeup himself on each occasion.
Defendants’ principal contention is that the receipt into evidence of each of the foregoing extrajudicial statements violated the constitutional rules set forth in Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) supra, 378 U.S. 478, and People v. Dorado (1965) supra, 62 Cal.2d 338. (People v. Rollins (1967) 65 Cal.2d 681, 687-692 [56 Cal.Rptr. 293, 423 P.2d 221].) By virtue of the same chronology, however, the additional standards prescribed in Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 384 U.S. 436 [16 L.Ed.2d 694, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 10 A.L.R.3d 974], do not govern this appeal. (People v. Rollins, supra,, at pp. 685-687.)
Under Escobedo and Dorado extrajudicial statements of a defendant are inadmissible if they were obtained when “ (1) the investigation was no longer a general inquiry into an unsolved crime but had begun to focus on a particular suspect, (2) the suspect was in custody, (3) the authorities had carried out a process of interrogations that lent itself to eliciting incriminating statements, (4) the authorities had not effectively informed defendant of his right to counsel or of his absolute right to remain silent, and no evidence establishes that he had waived these rights.” (People v. Dorado (1965) supra, 62 Cal.2d 338, 353-354.)
The first two of these conditions are undoubtedly fulfilled in the case at bar. All the statements introduced in evidence were obtained after the investigation had begun to focus on defendants as particular suspects in the killing of Officer Campbell, and while they were in police custody. The officers who arrested Powell for carrying a concealed weapon knew that he matched the description of one of the murder suspects, was driving a car reportedly stolen from the area of the crime, and had Officer Hettinger’s flashlight in his possession; and Smith’s statements were made after he had been placed under arrest specifically as a suspect in the murder of Officer Campbell.
Passing for the moment to the fourth condition of Dorado, the record does not establish that defendants were adequately advised at any time of their right to remain silent and their right to counsel. Neither Chief Fote’s admonition that Powell’s statement “could be used in court against him” nor Officer Cooper’s remark that anything Powell said “may be used as evidence against you at a later time” amounted to advice that he had an absolute right to remain silent in the face of police questioning. (See In re Shipp (1967) 66 Cal.2d 721, 725 [59 Cal.Rptr. 97, 427 P.2d 761] ; People v. Price (1965) 63 Cal.2d 370, 375-376 [46 Cal.Rptr. 775, 406 P.2d 55].) And a mere warning of the right to remain silent would have been insufficient in any event, for both admonitions must be given (People v. Stockman (1965) 63 Cal.2d 494, 500 [47 Cal.Rptr. 365, 407 P.2d 277]) and there is no evidence that Powell was told of his right to counsel. The People do not contend that Smith was given any advice whatever as to his various constitutional rights.
Nor does the record show that either defendant made a knowing and intelligent waiver of these rights. Again, it is not contended that Smith made any such waiver; and Powell’s acknowledgment that he was “aware” of his “legal rights” is wholly inadequate for this purpose. Even if the remark could be construed as a waiver of his right to remain silent, the interrogations took place before Escobedo and Dorado were decided, and “To presume in the instant case that absent the warnings defendant knew of his right to counsel at the prearraignment stage prior to the time that the United States Supreme Court established this right in Escobedo would be to ascribe to him an utterly fictitious clairvoyance. ’ ’ (People v. Stewart (1965) 62 Cal.2d 571, 581 [43 Cal.Rptr. 201, 400 P.2d 97], affd. sub nom. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) supra, 384 U.S. 436.)
Turning to the third condition of Dorado, the burden is on the People to show that the statements “were the result of something other than a ‘process of interrogations that lends itself to eliciting incriminating statements. . . .’ ” (People v. Stockman (1965) supra, 63 Cal.2d 494, 499.) On the record before us, the first statement of each defendant was not the product of such interrogations, but rather was a spontaneous effort on his part at self-exculpation. Each defendant volunteered immediately after his arrest to tell the police “what happened,” and proceeded to do so without solicitation by the officer present. Accordingly, these statements were admissible. (People v. Dorado (1965) supra, 62 Cal.2d 338, 354.) As the United States Supreme Court observed in Miranda v. Arizona (1966) supra, 384 U.S. 436, 478 [16 L.Ed.2d 694, 726], “Confessions remain a proper element in law enforcement. Any statement given freely and voluntarily without any compelling influences is, of course, admissible in' evidence. The fundamental import of the privilege while an individual is in custody is not whether he is allowed to talk to the police without the benefit of warnings and counsel, but whether he can be interrogated. There is no requirement that police stop a person "who enters a police station and states that he wishes to confess to a crime [citing Dorado], or a person who calls the police to offer a confession or any other statement he desires to make. Volunteered statements of any kind are not barred by the Fifth Amendment and their admissibility is not affected by our holding today. ’ ’
The second and subsequent statements of each defendant, however, were clearly the result of constitutionally impermissible interrogations. We reach this conclusion from an analysis of “the total situation which envelops the questioning” (People v. Stewart (1965) supra, 62 Cal.2d 571, 579), noting particularly that defendants were questioned in the interrogation room of police stations on and off for some four days before they were arraigned, and most of their statements were tape recorded; that they were confronted with various items of physical evidence and asked to “tell the truth” and describe how the crime was committed; that the questioning repeatedly covered the same ground, seeking additional incriminating details or admissions; and that when the time was ripe, the interrogating officers accused each defendant of committing specific acts in the course of the crime, then brought them together to observe the effect on the other’s claims of nonparticipation.
We conclude that the second and subsequent statements of each defendant were taken in violation of the rules laid down in Escobedo and Dorado, and hence that it was error to admit them into evidence.
The remaining question is the effect of that error on the judgments. The introduction in evidence of a confession obtained from the defendant in violation of constitutional guarantees is prejudicial per se and compels reversal regardless of other evidence of guilt. (Jackson v. Denno (1964) 378 U.S. 368, 376 [12 L.Ed.2d 908, 84 S.Ct. 1774, 1 A.L.R.3d 1205] ; Rogers v. Richmond (1961) 365 U.S. 534 [5 L.Ed.2d 760, 81 S.Ct. 735] ; Payne v. Arkansas (1958) 356 U.S. 560, 568 [2 L.Ed.2d 975, 78 S.Ct. 844] ; People v. Rollins (1967) supra, 65 Cal.2d 681, 692-693; People v. Schader (1965) 62 Cal.2d 716, 728-731 [44 Cal.Rptr. 193, 401 P.2d 665] ; People v. Dorado (1965) supra, 62 Cal.2d 338, 356, and cases cited.) By contrast, the erroneous introduction of an admission is not prejudicial per se and the appellate court must weigh its impact on the trial in the light of the appropriate “harmless error” test. (See, e.g., In re Shipp (1967) supra, 66 Cal.2d 721, 726 ; People v. Smith (1966) 63 Cal.2d 779, 802 [48 Cal.Rptr. 382, 409 P.2d 222] ; People v. Sillery (1965) 62 Cal.2d 692, 712 [44 Cal.Rptr. 30, 401 P.2d 382].)
While the foregoing distinction is generally workable, the case at bar illustrates the difficulties that can arise in seeking to categorize a given statement as a “confession” or an “admission.” In his first statement each defendant attempted to shift to the other the blame for the murder but confessed to participating in the kidnaping of Officers Campbell and Hettinger. Powell’s subsequent concession in his seventh statement that he accidentally shot Officer Campbell in the course of that kidnaping was the equivalent of a confession of second degree murder by operation of the felony-murder rule. (People v. Ford (1966) 65 Cal.2d 41, 57-58 [52 Cal.Rptr. 228, 416 P.2d 132].) In Powell’s eighth statement he conceded that the chances of his gun’s firing accidentally were “non-existent,” that he “aimed for [Officer Campbell’s] heart” when he shot him, and that faced with the “only alternative” of surrendering or killing him, Powell felt he “would rather be dead myself than give up”; these concessions amounted to a confession of deliberate and premeditated first degree murder. Although Smith made no such confession in so many words, his statements fully implicated him as Powell’s confederate in robbery and kidnaping, and his concession in his eighth statement that he shot at the fleeing Officer Hettinger could be taken as a confession of attempted murder.
On the record before us, however, we need not decide whether the inadmissible statements of these defendants were merely admissions or were so self-incriminating, either singly or collectively, as to bring into operation the rule of prejudice per se. As will appear, the judgments must be reversed in either event.
If the rule of prejudice per se is applied, the facts do not permit the People to invoke the exception thereto illustrated by People v. Jacobson (1965) 63 Cal.2d 319 [46 Cal.Rptr. 515, 405 P.2d 555], and People v. Cotter (1965) 63 Cal.2d 386 [46 Cal.Rptr. 622, 405 P.2d 862].
In Jacobson the prosecution introduced a series of some ten separate confessions by the defendant; but the first eight of these were volunteered by him in circumstances which rendered them admissible, and only the last two were in violation of the Escobedo-Dorado rules. We recognized the general principle that the erroneous introduction of a confession is necessarily prejudicial (63 Cal.2d at p. 329), but we held that the unusual facts presented made it one of the “rare cases” in which we nevertheless were bound to inquire into the impact, if any, of the error. We particularly observed (at p. 330) that “No undue emphasis was placed on any of the confessions at the guilt phase,” noting that the tape recording of the inadmissible statements was not played to the jury until the penalty phase. We further stressed that “No one confession contained details significantly different from the others. The two improperly obtained statements were therefore merely cumulative.” (Id. at p. 331.) We reasoned that “It is not plausible, having reviewed this record, to conclude that 10 statements were sufficiently more persuasive than only eight and that the elimination of two would have altered the outcome.” (Ibid.)
Similarly, in Cotter the prosecution introduced seven self-incriminating statements by the defendant, the first four being admissible and the last three violating Dorado. We held the error to be nonprejudicial, emphasizing that “The several statements in the police station added nothing to the essentials, of the crime which had previously been volunteered by defendant,” except that the seventh statement did add certain details; the latter, however, “was essentially a composite of the first four statements, all of which were given by defendant prior to his being questioned at the police station. The various statements did not contradict each other in any substantial degree and none of the details added by the sevepth could have had any material effect on the outcome of the trial.” (63 Cal.2d at pp. 390, 392.)
None of the foregoing reasoning can be applied to the facts of the case at bar. Here, the ratio is reversed: each defendant made only one admissible statement, followed by a series of nine which were inadmissible. The first statement of each defendant was a brief attempt at self-exculpation in which he accused the other of firing all the shots, then claimed to have taken fright and fled from the scene. In the subsequent statements, however, a very different picture emerged. As we have set forth in detail above, over a period of several days the defendants admitted an increasing degree of involvement in the kidnaping and murder. In due course, for example, each admitted he did fire a gun at one or both of the victims; at least two of the statements indicated the shooting was deliberate and premeditated, and several provided a motive in the form of a compelling desire to avoid being taken back into prison. In their later statements, moreover, both defendants admitted they had jointly perpetrated a number of armed robberies in the Los Angeles area shortly before the date here in issue.
Contrary to Jacobson and Cotter, accordingly, here the subsequent statements did add “significantly different” details to the first and supplied a number of missing “essentials of the crime.” The statements in this case did “contradict each other ”; in fact, each defendant admitted in several later statements that he had lied in earlier ones. Such an array of progressively incriminating statements cannot be deemed “merely cumulative.” Since “the admissible evidence does not include an equally damaging confession” (People v. Price (1965) supra, 63 Cal.2d 370, 377), the error is reversible per se if the statements are deemed to be confessions.
If on the other hand the statements are treated as admissions, the evidence just discussed also demonstrates that their introduction was prejudicial error, for it may well have sealed the ease against these defendants. Indeed, the prosecutor himself repeatedly stressed how incriminating the statements were, and proceeded to make the most of them in his trial strategy. We recently recognized that “Any meaningful assessment of prejudice must proceed in the light of the entire record, and we must therefore consider not only the direct effect of the statements because of what they say, but also any indirect effect that they might have had because of the way in which they were used.” (Italics in original.) (People v. Gonzales (1967) 66 Cal.2d 482, 493 [58 Cal.Rptr. 361, 426 P.2d 929].)
To begin with, the statements constituted a prominent feature of the People’s ease in chief, and their introduction in evidence occupied a substantial portion of the trial. Not only were their contents put before the jury in full detail by the testimony of the interrogating officers, but many were repeated verbatim through the device of playing the tape recordings for the jurors immediately after the transcriptions thereof had been read to them. As a result, the total number of times the jury heard these statements approached thirty.
In his cross-examination of defendants, moreover, the prosecutor frequently invoked these statements to draw from defendants the confession that they had lied to the police in their earlier interrogations. And here, even more than in Gonzales, the prosecutor used defendants’ statements with devastating effect in his argument to the jury. He prefaced his discussion at that point by saying, “I will go into this to show how each and every statement made by each of these defendants that shows tremendously damaging statements made to an officer shortly after their arrest has been either forgotten or denied, or denied and then admitted, but still denied.” (Italics added.) But he did not simply reiterate the contents of the statements; rather, he said “let’s get into the sequence” of the interrogations, and emphasized repeatedly how they became more and more self-incriminating as defendants realized how much the police had learned about the crime. Thus, referring to Smith’s third statement (his first to Officer Brooks), the prosecutor argued that “Jimmy Smith has not got all of the answers at this time so he is not telling anybody about those four bullets into the body itself. He is waiting.” Commenting on Smith’s sixth statement, the prosecutor stressed that “Smith finally, on March 12th, 1963, in the early morning hours of March 12th, 1963, some two days after this killing, finally admits that he was Powell’s driver on four robberies, after swearing on his life that he had never committed any robberies before that.” Turning to Powell’s seventh statement (immediately prior to the first joint interrogation), the prosecutor emphasized that “ [Powell] says, ‘I don’t know exactly how it happened,’ but he knows that Jimmy Smith is there and he knows that he has got to change his story, but fast.” Noting that Smith first admitted having fired a shot at the scene after learning the police had found an empty .32-caliber cartridge nearby (in his eighth statement), the prosecutor commented that “He’s got to say something; they have got physical evidence and, as he finds out more and more he manufactures the story to fit the facts. ’ ’
We recognize that here, as distinguished from Gonzales, the proofs were not closely balanced. On the contrary, the physical evidence, the testimony of Officer Hettinger and the admissible statement of each defendant, added up to strong evidence of defendants’ guilt of first degree murder. But since the decision in Chapman v. California (1967) supra, 386 U.S. 18, 23 [17 L.Ed.2d 705, 710], our inquiry may not be limited to that consideration when a federal constitutional error is in issue, and we may no longer rely on article VI, section 13, of our Constitution to save a judgment infected with such an error. Bather, applying the Chapman test to this record, as we must, we are compelled to conclude there is at least a reasonable “possibility” that the evidence complained of “might have contributed to the conviction” (Fahy v. Connecticut (1963) 375 U.S. 85, 86 [11 L.Ed.2d 171, 173, 84 S.Ct. 229]) and the People have not proved the error to be “harmless beyond a reasonable doubt” (Chapman v. California, supra, at p. 24 [17 L.Ed.2d 711]). Indeed, we have seen how important these statements were to the People’s case, and ‘ ‘ There is no reason whv we should treat this evidence as any less ‘crucial’ than the prosecutor—and so presumably the jury— treated it.” (People v. Cruz (1964) 61 Cal.2d 861, 868 [40 Cal.Rptr. 841, 395 P.2d 889].)
It bears emphasizing, moreover, that the foregoing violations of Esco'bedo and Dorado were not the only serious errors committed in this trial. Many of the extrajudicial statements of each defendant implicated-—-indeed, accused— the other. It is true that the court instructed' the jury to consider each statement only against the declarant, but that admonition was insufficient on two grounds to protect defendants ’ rights in this regard.
In People v. Aranda (1965) 63 Cal.2d 518, 530 [47 Cal.Rptr. 353, 407 P.2d 265], we disapproved of this practice as ‘‘prejudicial and unfair to the nondeclarant defendant,” observing that the policies in favor of joint trials ‘‘must-be subordinated when they run counter to the need to insure fair trials and to protect fundamental constitutional rights.” (Id. at fn. 9.) Here the court did not determine, as required by Aranda, whether those parts of the statements implicating a codefendant could effectively be deleted without prejudice to the declarant; instead, each such statement was admitted in its entirety, prefaced by a recital of the inadequate admonition.
The Aranda rule operates, of course, even when each statement is properly admissible against the declarant. But here the second and subsequent statements of each defendant were inadmissible against him under Escobedo and Dorado. It was therefore error, entirely apart from the failure to employ the procedures prescribed in Aranda, to introduce against either defendant any of the later statements of his codefendant which implicated him. As we explained in Aranda, “At best, the rule permitting joint trials in such cases is a eompromise between the policies in favor of joint trials and the policies underlying the exclusion of hearsay declarations against one who did not make them. [Fn. omitted.] AVhen, however, the confession implicating both defendants is not admissible at all, there is no longer room for compromise. The risk of prejudicing the nonconfessing defendant can no longer be justified by the need for introducing the confession against the one who made it.” (63 Cal.2d at p. 526.) Accordingly, we held that the introduction of a confession violative of the Escobedo-Dorado rules and implicating a codefendant is not rendered harmless as to the latter by an instruction that the confession may be considered only against the declarant. (Accord, People v. Charles (1967) 66 Cal.2d 330, 343 [57 Cal.Rptr. 745, 425 P.2d 545].)
Other fundamental errors occurred at the penalty phase of this trial. The People introduced statistical evidence of the average time actually served by defendants sentenced to life imprisonment before they are released on parole. In his argument to the jurors the prosecutor repeatedly stressed the possibility of parole as a factor for their consideration in determining which penalty to impose, and further advised them that if they fixed the penalty at death their decision would be reviewed by the trial judge, the Supreme Court, and the Governor. Finally, the court gave instructions specifically authorizing the jurors to take the foregoing factors into account in their deliberations. This evidence, argument, and instructions resulted in the very errors we condemned in People v. Morse (1964) 60 Cal.2d 631, 636-653 [36 Cal.Rptr. 201, 388 P.2d 33, 12 A.L.R.3d 810], and in effect held to be reversible per se in People v. Hines (1964) 61 Cal.2d 164, 170 [37 Cal.Rptr. 622, 390 P.2d 398].
AVe recognize that the trial in this case took place before the rules of Aranda and Morse were enunciated; under our settled practice, we are compelled to apply them to all cases still pending on direct appeal. (People v. Charles (1967) supra, 66 Cal.2d 330; People v. Hines (1964) supra, 61 Cal.2d 164.) As will appear, however, the police and prosecuting authorities are not blameless even under the law as it stood at the time of the investigation and trial.
Since 1934 article T, section 8, of the California Constitution has provided in relevant part that ‘ AVhen a defendant is charged with the commission of a felony, by a written complaint subscribed under oath and on file in a court in which the felony is triable, he shall, withou,t unnecessary delay, be taken before a magistrate of such court.” (Italics added.) Penal Code section 849, subdivision (a), has provided in substance since 1872 that “When an arrest is made without a warrant by a peace officer or private person, the person arrested, if not otherwise released, must, without unnecessary delay, be taken before the nearest or most accessible magistrate in the county in which the offense is triable, and a complaint stating the charge against the arrested person, must be laid before such magistrate.” (Italics added.) (See also Pen. Code, § 859.) More specifically yet, since 1927 Penal Code section 825 has provided that “The defendant must in all cases be taken before the magistrate without unnecessary delay, and in any event, within two days after his arrest, excluding Sundays and holidays; ...” (Italics added.)
As set forth above, Powell and Smith were arrested on Sunday, March 10, 1963, but were not taken before a magistrate and arraigned until Wednesday, March 13. Even if the Sunday is not included in the computation, these defendants were therefore held by the police for three days before they were arraigned, advised of their rights and furnished with counsel as the law requires (Pen. Code, §§ 858, 859). That delay “violates a fundamental right of the arrested person and is in disobedience of the law.” (People v. McDowell (1962) 204 Cal.App.2d 734, 736 [22 Cal.Rptr. 646].) We have characterized such conduct by the police as “patently illegal,” and have rejected the argument that its illegality is somehow lessened by the fact that “similar conduct is not unusual” or “makes the work of the police and the district attorney easier.” (People v. Stroble (1951) 38 Cal.2d 615, 625 [226 P.2d 330], affd. 343 U.S. 181 [96 L.Ed. 872, 72 S.Ct. 599].) Indeed, we have further stressed that section 825 does not authorize even a two-day detention in all cases, “but, instead, places a limit upon what may be considered a necessary delay, and a detention of less than two days, if unreasonable under the circumstances, is in violation of the statute.” (Dragna v. White (1955) 45 Cal.2d 469, 473 [289 P.2d 428].)
It is true that the federal rule of McNabb v. United States (1943) 318 U.S. 332 [87 L.Ed. 819, 63 S.Ct. 608], i.e., that., any confession obtained during an illegal detention is ipso facto- inadmissible, has not been adopted in California (Rogers v. Superior Court (1955) 46 Cal.2d 3, 10 [291 P.2d 929]), and that a violation of a defendant’s right to be taken before a magistrate without unnecessary delay does not require reversal “unless he shows that through such wrongful conduct he was deprived of a fair trial or otherwise suffered prejudice as a result thereof” (People v. Combes (1961) 56 Cal.2d 135, 142 [14 Cal.Rptr. 4, 363 P.2d 4], and cases there cited). But these holdings must not be misconstrued as acquiescence on our part in any continuation of such unlawful practices. The Constitution and the several statutes quoted above are clear and explicit on this point, and must be obeyed. The principal purposes of the requirement of prompt arraignment are to prevent secret police interrogation, to place the issue of probable cause for the arrest before a judicial officer, to provide the defendant with full advice as to his rights and an opportunity to have counsel appointed, and to enable him to apply for bail or for habeas corpus when necessary. As the United States Supreme Court observed in Mallory v. United States (1957) 354 U.S. 449, 454-455 [1 L.Ed.2d 1479, 77 S.Ct. 1356], construing rule 5(a) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure which is similar in this respect to our own legislation, ‘‘ The arrested person may, of course, be ‘booked’ by the police. But he is not to be taken to police headquarters in order to carry out a process of inquiry that lends itself, even if not so designed, to eliciting damaging statements to support the arrest and ultimately his guilt.
“The duty enjoined upon arresting officers to arraign ‘without unnecessary delay’ indicates that the command does not call for mechanical or automatic obedience. Circumstances may justify a brief delay between arrest and arraignment, as for instance, where the story volunteered by the accused is susceptible of quick verification through third parties. But the delay must not be of a nature to give opportunity for the extraction of a confession. ’ ’
In the case at bar the delay was used to “extract” from-these defendants not one but fourteen self-incriminating statements, even though two had already been voluntarily given. Proper investigative procedures, such as scientific analysis of the physical evidence, were no doubt also undertaken during this period; but they could equally well have been pursued after arraignment, and do not justify holding defendants virtually incommunicado. The intent of the police in doing so, it clearly appears from the record, was to permit repeated interrogation of defendants until they condemned themselves out of their own mouths and provided the prosecutor with an airtight case against them. Indeed, Smith recognized as much at the end of his tenth statement when he remarked to his interrogator, “You got a job to do, . . . [to] make the case as clear-cut as you can. ’'
As the judgment must be reversed because of violation of the Escobedo-Dorado rules, we need not decide at this time whether the circumstances just described amounted to such prejudice as to render reversible the denial of defendants’ constitutional and statutory rights to prompt arraignment. But we cannot condone such conduct by the police, and any repetition thereof will be closely scrutinized.
Similarly, there appears little if any justification for the prosecutor’s trial technique of playing to the jurors the tape recordings of defendants’ statements immediately after the complete transcriptions thereof had been read to them from the witness stand. The prosecutor’s proffered explanations—e.g., that the jurors should be allowed to judge the participants’ “tone of voice’’—do not outweigh the prejudice that must have ensued from the sheer repetition of these inadmissible statements, which as we have noted were thereby heard in court nearly thirty times. In view of the strong case the prosecutor had without the use of the statements, we' are impelled to conclude that this prejudice was intentionally inflicted.
Only one other issue requires our attention for the guidance of the court upon retrial.
Defendants urge that the Superior Court of Los Angeles County does not have territorial jurisdiction to try the charge of murder in this case because the killing took place in Kern County and Officer Campbell’s body was discovered there. Section 790 of the Penal Code, upon which defendants rely, provides in relevant part that the jurisdiction of an action for murder is in the county where the fatal injury was inflicted or where the victim died or his body is found.
Penal Code section 781, however, provides that “When a public offense is committed in part in one jurisdictional territory and in part in another, or the acts or effects thereof constituting or requisite to the consummation of the offense occur in two or more jurisdictional territories, the jurisdiction of such offense is in any competent court within either jurisdictional territory.” In People v. Abbott (1956) 47 Cal.2d 362 [303 P.2d 730], as in the instant ease, a kidnaping began in one county and the body of the victim was found in another. We held that section 790 was not intended to exclude the application of other statutory provisions dealing with territorial jurisdiction in criminal cases, and that under section 781 the county in which the “ preliminary arrangements” for the crime were made is a proper county in which to prosecute the completed offense, “although the acts performed there did not constitute an essential element of the crime.” (Id. at p. 370 ; see also People v. Buffum (1953) 40 Cal.2d 709, 717 [256 P.2d 317] ; People v. Buono (1961) 191 Cal.App.2d 203, 222-226 [12 Cal.Rptr. 604].)
Defendants seek to distinguish Abbott on the ground that there the defendant was charged with both kidnaping and murder, while in the instant ease there was no charge of kidnaping. We are satisfied that territorial jurisdiction in criminal eases should depend upon the acts committed rather than upon the form of the accusatory pleading. Even if we were to accept the suggested distinction, it would mean only that the pleading would have to be amended to include a kidnaping count before a new trial could be held, and not that defendants could not be tried for murder in Los Angeles County. Section 781, however, is not limited to cases involving a joinder, but applies also where only a single offense is charged. The section was intended to broaden criminal jurisdiction beyond the rigid limits fixed by the common law in cases of crimes committed in more than one jurisdiction. (People v. Gonzalez (1960) 180 Cal.App.2d 285, 288 [4 Cal.Rptr. 822] ; People v. Waid (1954) 127 Cal.App.2d 614, 617 [274 P.2d 217].) Since section 790 is not exclusive in cases of murder, section 781 may properly be applied here. It follows that although the kidnaping of Officers Campbell and Hettinger in Los Angeles may not have constituted an essential element of the murder offense, there took place in Los Angeles County sufficient acts preliminary to the murder to allow jurisdiction to attach in that county under section 781.
We do not lightly reverse these judgments. We are well aware of the heinous nature of the crime involved, and of the strong indications of defendants’ guilt. But if a government of laws is to be preserved, our justifiable outrage must not result in denying to these defendants a fair trial and a dispassionate review of their appeal. We deplore their acts, but it is fundamental to our system of justice that these defendants be accorded the same treatment under the law as that provided the least blameworthy of wrongdoers. The sad lesson of history is that any other path leads inevitably to the arbitrary injustice of the tyrant. It is to protect the rights of the innocent as well as the guilty that rules of law must be respected, and therefore that these defendants must be tried a second time.
The judgments are reversed.
Traynor, C. J., McComb, J., Peters, J., Tobriner, J., Burke, J., and Sullivan, J., concurred.
Counsel for Powell renewed Ms objection virtually every time an extrajudicial statement of Ms client was offered in evidence. The objection showed considerable foresight, as the trial in this case took place some 11 months before Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) supra, 378 U.S. 478, was decided. By the same token, however, the failure of counsel for Smith to make a like objection does not constitute a waiver or bar him from raising the matter on appeal. (People v. Hillery (1965) 62 Cal.2d 692, 711-712 [44 Cal.Rptr. 30, 401 P.2d 382].)
“Q. You do lose your temper pretty quickly, don’t you?
“A. Yes, I have a rather nasty temper.
“Q. Do you shake like that when you get mad? Do you look like that, like on television or the movies, they say that 'Looks that kill,’ like you’re looking right now at me?
“A. No, Mr. Brooks. I can’t help it. This is the way I have been all my life—well, not all my life. I didn’t used to have this bad a temper, but since I got out of "Vacaville, it’s got worse and worse, and that is the way it is. ’ ’
In a subsequent statement lie qualified this by saying the gun "did go off by itself one time. ’ ’
We cannot infer such advice from the presence of a sign in the Los Angeles County jail stating that after being booked a prisoner could use the pay telephone to call a referral service ‘ ‘ If you wish to obtain the services of a lawyer or a bail agent. ...” By the time Powell was booked he had already made five incriminating statements; there is no showing he ever saw the sign; and even if he had seen it, it would not have informed him he had a right to counsel during interrogation.
There is language in People v. Matteson (1964) 61 Cal.2d 466, 469 [39 Cal.Rptr. 1, 393 3?.2d 161], to the effect that the rule of prejudice per se governs admissions as well. The remark was dictum, however, for the statement introduced in that ease amounted to a full confession of the crime charged. The dictum has never been followed, and it is hereby-disapproved.
The judgment in Cotter was vacated by the United States Supreme Court in (1967) 386 U.S. 274 [18 L.Ed.2d 43, 87 S.Ct. 1035], for reconsideration of the effect of the Griffin error ( Griffin v. California (1965) 380 U.S. 609 [14 L.Ed.2d 106, 85 S.Ct. 1229] [comment on defendant’s failure to testify violates his privilege against self-incrimination]) in the light of the test enunciated in Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18 [17 L.Ed.2d 705, 87 S.Ct. 824], Accordingly, by minute order of April 20, 1967, we recalled the remittitur and vacated our' decision. In the meantime, the defendant’s sentence of death had been commuted; by the Governor. By minute order of June 14, 1967, we dismissed the. appeal upon request of the defendant, consented" to by his attorney. . "
In cross-examining Smith, the prosecutor also used for impeachment purposes a statement which had not been introduced in the People’s case in chief. Taken shortly after Smith’s arrest, it included an admission that he could not kill in cold blood ‘ ‘ other than maybe to escape or something. . . . Maybe it was doing time, or something, that made me, could build myself up to something, or—or, if I thought I could escape the death row.”
In addition, the prosecutor repeatedly exploited the discrepancies between defendants’ extrajudicial statements and their testimony in court, implying that the latter was fabricated to fit the occasion. (Cf. People v. Gonzales (1967) supra, 66 Cal.3d 482, 494-495.)
Sueh prejudice was not dispelled by the fact that defendants told their stories on the witness stand. As in People v. Spencer (1967) 66 Cal.2d 158, 169 [57 Cal.Rptr. 163, 424 P.2d 715], "the record in this case fails to dispel beyond a reasonable doubt the possibility” that defendants’ testimony might have been impelled by the erroneous introduction of their self-incriminating statements. In any event each defendant, far from admitting his guilt in the courtroom, claimed his intent was to free Officers Campbell and Hettinger at a safe place, insisted his gun went off accidentally, and denied firing any shots into the fallen body of Officer Campbell. Once again, therefore, the admissible testimony did not include "an equally damaging confession” (People v. Price (1965) supra, 63 Cal.2d 370, 377 ; see also People v. Rollins (1967) supra, 65 Cal.2d 681, 692-693, fn. 12).
Penal Code section 145 has provided since 1872 that “Every public officer or other person, having arrested any person upon a criminal charge, who willfully delays to take such person before a magistrate having jurisdiction, to take his examination, is guilty of a misdemeanor.”
This submissive acceptance of an inquisitorial process was the desired result of a number of “techniques” used On defendants. For example, Officer Brooks maintained an air of confidence in defendants’ guilt, and his “conversations” with them were often characterized as merely “a few questions” about certain “details”; yet while they began with relatively minor topics, they soon proceeded to issues central to establishing that the crime was in fact committed by these defendants and was murder in the first degree. For the most part each defendant was interrogated separately; the hard facts known to the police were revealed to him one by one, and he was trapped in a web of shifting and inconsistent explanations. At the appropriate moment, each defendant was then brought into_ the presence of the other and of Officer Hettinger, and the effects of this confrontation were carefully recorded. Most importantly, throughout these four days of questioning Officer Brooks successfully cultivated a relationship of trust and “friendship” with these defendants, despite the fact he must have believed they had murdered one of his brother officers. Such psychological devices for extracting confessions without crossing the line of coercion were condemned by the United States Supreme Court in Miranda v. Arizona (1966) supra, 384 U.S. 436, 445-458, as techniques by which the police “subjugate the individual tb the will of the examiner” and “persuade, trick, or cajole him out-of exercising his constitutional rights.” (Id. at pp. 457, 455.)
| CASELAW |
User:Rich Farmbrough/DNB/A/n/Angel Bix
Angel Bix||1695| Angel BIX (died 1695), Franciscan friar, after filling the office of confessor to the Poor Clares at Aire, and to the community at, Princenhoff, Bruges, was sent to England, and become chaplain to the Spanish ambassador in London in the reign of .lames II. He died early in 1695 whilst guardian of his order at Yor. Bix preached 'A Sermon on the Passion of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Preach'd before her majesty the queen-dowager in her chapel at Somerset House, upon Good Friday, 13 April l688;' published by royal authority, London, 1688, quarto, and reprinted in 'A Select Collection of Catholick Sermons', 2 vols., London, 1741.
DNB references
These references are found in the DNB article referred to above. | WIKI |
FirstCash Holdings Q3 Earnings Beat Estimates
(RTTNews) - FirstCash Holdings, Inc. (FCFS) Thursday announced a slight decline in third-quarter earnings, despite an increase in revenues. On a per-share basis, adjusted earnings came in above estimates.
The quarterly earnings were $57.144 million or $1.26 per share compared to $59.32 million or $1.26 per share last year. On an adjusted basis, earnings were $1.56 per share.
On average, 4 analysts polled by Thomson Reuters expected the company to earn $1.38 per share. Analysts estimates usually exclude special items.
Revenue for the quarter increased to $786.30 million from $672.14 million in the previous month.
Street estimates were for $769.76 million.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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