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Type-safe Equal
Type-safe Equal
Unfortunately, Scala's equality check is not type-safe just like Java's.
e.g.) The following code can never return true as the types of "a" and 1 do not match.
Yet there is no compile-time error. Instead it compiles and returns false in runtime.
"a" == 1
// res0: Boolean = false
There are a few ways to solve this issue.
Extension methods
First one is simply using extension methods. Create a simple implicit class extending AnyVal for extension methods like the following one.
object CommonPredef {
implicit final class AnyEquals[A](val self: A) extends AnyVal {
def ===(other: A): Boolean = self == other
def !==(other: A): Boolean = self != other
}
}
Then import to use it.
import CommonPredef._
1 === 1
// res2: Boolean = true
1 !== 1
// res3: Boolean = false
1 === 2
// res4: Boolean = false
1 !== 2
// res5: Boolean = true
import CommonPredef._
// As you can see, this one has a compile-time error
"a" === 1
// error: type mismatch;
// found : Int(1)
// required: String
// "a" === 1
// ^
"a" !== 1
// error: type mismatch;
// found : Int(1)
// required: String
// "a" !== 1
// ^
Use Cats' Eq
import cats.implicits._
1 === 1
// res9: Boolean = true
1 === 2
// res10: Boolean = false
1 =!= 1
// res11: Boolean = false
1 =!= 2
// res12: Boolean = true
"a" === 1
// error: type mismatch;
// found : Int(1)
// required: String
// "a" === 1
// ^
"a" =!= 1
// error: type mismatch;
// found : Int(1)
// required: String
// "a" === 1
// ^
For case class, if you want to use equality check from the case class, use Eq.fromUniversalEquals.
e.g.)
• Without Eq.fromUniversalEquals
import cats.implicits._
final case class Person(id: Long, name: String)
Person(1L, "Kevin") === Person(1L, "Kevin")
// error: value === is not a member of repl.Session.App2.Person
// Person(1L, "Kevin") === Person(1L, "Kevin")
// ^
// error: value === is not a member of App1.this.Person
// Person(1L, "Kevin") === Person(1L, "Kevin")
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
• With Eq.fromUniversalEquals
import cats.kernel.Eq
import cats.implicits._
final case class Person(id: Long, name: String)
object Person {
implicit val eq: Eq[Person] = Eq.fromUniversalEquals
}
Person(1L, "Kevin") === Person(1L, "Kevin")
// res17: Boolean = true
Person(1L, "Kevin") =!= Person(1L, "Kevin")
// res18: Boolean = false
Use Scalaz's Equal
import scalaz._
import Scalaz._
1 === 1
// res20: Boolean = true
1 === 2
// res21: Boolean = false
1 /== 1
// res22: Boolean = false
1 =/= 1
// res23: Boolean = false
1 /== 2
// res24: Boolean = true
1 =/= 2
// res25: Boolean = true
"a" === 1
// error: type mismatch;
// found : Int(1)
// required: String
// "a" === 1
// ^
"a" /== 1
// error: type mismatch;
// found : Int(1)
// required: String
// "a" /== 1
// ^
"a" =/= 1
// error: type mismatch;
// found : Int(1)
// required: String
// "a" =/= 1
// ^
For case class, if you want to use equality check from the case class, use Equal.equalA.
e.g.)
• Without Equal.equalA
import scalaz._
import Scalaz._
final case class Person(id: Long, name: String)
Person(1L, "Kevin") === Person(1L, "Kevin")
// error: value === is not a member of App6.this.Person
// Person(1L, "Kevin") === Person(1L, "Kevin")
// ^
• With Equal.equalA
import scalaz._
import Scalaz._
final case class Person(id: Long, name: String)
object Person {
implicit val equal: Equal[Person] = Equal.equalA
}
Person(1L, "Kevin") === Person(1L, "Kevin")
// res30: Boolean = true
Person(1L, "Kevin") /== Person(1L, "Kevin")
// res31: Boolean = false
Person(1L, "Kevin") =/= Person(1L, "Kevin")
// res32: Boolean = false | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Rifle, Colorado
Rifle is a home rule municipality in, and the most populous community of, Garfield County, Colorado, United States. The population was 10,437 at the 2020 census. Rifle is a regional center of the cattle ranching industry located along Interstate 70 and the Colorado River just east of the Roan Plateau, which dominates the western skyline of the town. The town was founded in 1882 by Abram Maxfield, and was incorporated in 1905 along Rifle Creek, near its mouth on the Colorado. The community takes its name from the creek.
History
The land that Rifle resides on was once in the heart of the Ute Nation, a classification of the Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin. The most common tribe in the area were the Tabagauche, who hunted and lived on the land slightly to the east of Rifle in the Roaring Fork Valley. Due to their location, the Tabagauche were somewhat less exposed to white settlers, and to some extent their ways remained less altered than other native peoples. In 1878 Nathan Meeker was appointed as the director of the White River Ute Agency (the town of Meeker 40 miles north of Rifle was named after him). Meeker had no training or knowledge of Ute culture, and launched into a campaign centered on sedentary agriculture and European-American schooling. As this clashed with the culture of the nomadic Utes, he was met with resistance. It all came to a head when Meeker had the pasture and racetrack for the Ute's horses plowed under. The event that followed is known as the Meeker Massacre in 1879, during which Meeker and his 10 employees were killed. The aftermath of the conflict resulted in nearly all members of the Ute nation being forcibly removed from Colorado into eastern Utah, although the federal government had formerly guaranteed them the land on which they were residing.
Rifle became more and more settled as the 19th century gave way to the 20th. In 1889, the railroad cut through from the east and ended in Rifle for a while before connecting lines were completed. This opened up the floodgates for new travelers, settlers, and trade. Long drives of cattle over the mountains towards the Front Range and Denver became a thing of the past. Rifle was now a thriving hub for commerce. If it needed to be shipped east to a buyer's market, or shipped west into ranching country, it came through town.
The first major economy known to Rifle was ranching. The land surrounding the town was arid, and much of it was unsuitable for farming without irrigation. Despite the large stretches of land available, tension arose and manifested between those who tended cattle and those who herded sheep. Good grazing practices were not in place, and the summer pastures at the top of the Roan Plateau were contested over. One rancher lost two-thirds of his flock and went bankrupt when competing cowboys drove the sheep over the cliff.
Rifle is located in the east portion of the Piceance Basin. The basin is home to different forms of fossil fuels, the largest quantity of which is oil shale. The unreliability of this fossil fuel has left the city in the throes of a cycling boom and bust economy.
, an organization called the Campaign to Save Roan Plateau has been engaged in an effort to minimize oil and gas drilling on the top of the Roan Plateau, which locals call the Bookcliffs. The Roan Plateau is accessible from the JQS Trail, located 3 mi north of Rifle, or from the Piceance Creek road.
Geography
Rifle is located in the valley of the Colorado River where Rifle Creek joins from the north. Most of the city is on the north side of the river, but there is some city land to the south. Interstate 70 passes through the city along the south side of the river, with access from Exit 90. I-70 leads east 26 mi to Glenwood Springs, the Garfield County seat, and southwest 60 mi to Grand Junction. U.S. Route 6 runs along the north side of the Colorado River through Rifle, providing a local parallel route to I-70. Colorado State Highway 13 intersects I-70 and US-6, passing through the southern and western parts of Rifle, then leading north 41 mi to Meeker.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Rifle has a total area of 14.7 km2, of which 14.5 sqkm is land and 0.2 km2, or 1.18%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,172 people, 3,221 households, and 2,230 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,581.1 PD/sqmi. There were 2,586 housing units at an average density of 602.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 81.0% White, 0.5% African American, 1.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 13.4% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 30.4% of the population.
There were 3,221 households, out of which 40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.8% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.35.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.6% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 34.4% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $42,734, and the median income for a family was $48,714. Males had a median income of $36,517 versus $25,527 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,376. About 3.4% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 9.8% of those age 65 or over.
Tourism and attractions
Rifle Mountain Park, located 16 mi north of Rifle, is maintained by the City of Rifle. It is popular with rock climbers. Other outside attractions near the city include Rifle Falls State Park, Rifle Falls Fish Hatchery, Rifle Gap State Park, Harvey Gap State Park, and access to BLM land, including Hubbard Mesa Open Area, Rifle Arch, and the Roan Plateau.
6 mi north of the center of the city is Rifle Creek Golf Course.
in 2014, the New Ute theater was opened in downtown Rifle.
Rifle is home to the Garfield County Fair Grounds. One week out of the year, the city bustles with activities surrounding family and professional rodeos, Xtreme bull riding, live music, and a demolition derby.
Education
Rifle is within the Garfield Re-2 School District. The city is served by three elementary schools, a middle school, and a high school:
* Graham Mesa Elementary School
* Highland Elementary School
* Wamsley Elementary School
* Rifle Middle School
* Rifle High School
Rifle’s higher education needs are served by Colorado Mountain College, which operates a campus in the city.
Transportation
The city is served by Garfield County Regional Airport. The state-run bus service Bustang connects Rifle to Grand Junction and Denver. The city is also served by the Union Pacific/Rio Grande line between Denver and Ogden.
In popular culture
On August 10, 1972, Christo and Jeanne-Claude completed the Valley Curtain project at Rifle Gap, 6 mi north of town. The completed curtain hung for only 28 hours before it was ripped by a gust of wind.
Notable people
* David Bernhardt, former Secretary of the Interior
* Lauren Boebert, U.S. Representative
* Bo Nickal, freestyle wrestler and mixed martial artist | WIKI |
Spintronics
Spintronics
The main goal of the Work Package is: Spintronics is an establishment of the ultimate potential of graphene and two-dimensional materials for spintronic applications.
This starts with the engineering of efficient room temperature spin injection and detection, long distance spin transport, spin gating and spin manipulation in graphene devices. Spin transport is studied in large scale polycrystalline graphene samples and optimisation of proximity effects between graphene and magnetic insulators and strong spin-orbit coupling materials is prioritised. The consortium works towards the demonstration of practical graphene spintronic devices such as coupled nano-oscillators for applications in fields of space communication, high‐speed radio links, vehicle radar and interchip communication applications.
Work Package Leader: Stephan Roche, ICN2 - Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Spain
Work Package Deputy: Kevin Garello, IMEC, Belgium
Page Contact:
Publishing date: 23 June 2020 12:36 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Command Files
Previous Topic Next Topic
You can enter Stat/Transfer commands in a command file, as well as interactively at the Stat/Transfer prompt or the operating system prompt.
When you enter commands at the prompt, the command is executed immediately. When you store commands in a file, the commands are executed when you execute the file.
You can execute command files from the Stat/Transfer prompt or from the operating system prompt.
When you wish to run batch jobs, you must use command files.
Constructing Command Files
You can create Stat/Transfer command files as ASCII documents. Type commands in the document just as you would type them at the Stat/Transfer prompt.
You can put comments in command files by preceding the comments with a double slash, '//'.
Command File Name Extensions
Stat/Transfer assumes that command files have the extension .stcmd (Stat/Transfer Command).
The old extension .stc, which conflicts with the extension used by SAS for CPORT libraries, is still supported, but is now deprecated.
If you are executing a command file from the Stat/Transfer command line, you need not give an extension unless the file does not have the extension .stcmd.
If you wish to run a command file from the operating system command line, it must have the extension .stcmd and the extension must be given.
Executing Command Files
Executing Command Files from the Stat/Transfer Prompt
You can execute a command file at the Stat/Transfer prompt by typing:
EX commandfilename
If you enter commandfilename without an extension, an extension of .stcmd is assumed by Stat/Transfer.
A command file named weekly.stcmd could be executed by typing
ex weekly
Executing Command Files from the Operating System Prompt
You can execute a command file at the operating system prompt by typing
ST commandfilename.stcmd
In order to use command files from the operating system prompt, you will need to be in the directory in which you installed Stat/Transfer, or have a path defined to it or give the path explicitly.
For example, a command file, repeat.stcmd, will be executed if, at the operating system prompt, you type:
st repeat.stcmd
Note that the extension, which is explicitly given, must be .stcmd. If the file is not in the Stat/Transfer program directory, the complete path to it must be given.
If you do the same transfers all of the time, the ability to execute command files in this way allows you to set up a shortcut that will perform your transfers with a single click on a desktop icon.
Running and Editing Command Files from the Windows Explorer
When you double click on a Stat/Transfer command file in the Windows Explorer, the command processor will be launched and the command file executed.
If the last command in the file is 'quit', you will be taken directly back to the Explorer. Otherwise, the command 'quit' at the command line will return you to the Explorer
You can edit a command file by right-clicking then selecting 'edit'.
Running Programs and Commands in Command Files
Command files can contain commands to execute programs, as well as Stat/Transfer commands.
These options will, for example, allow you to zip or unzip files with commands given to the Stat/Transfer command processor. For example, a command file might contain the following set of commands.
// unzip a SAS file
!pkunzip sasdata.zip mysas1.sd2
// copy it to an SPSS file
copy mysas1.sd2 myspss1.sav
// zip your new SPSS file
!pkzip myspss1.zip myspss1.sav
// delete the SPSS file
!del myspss1.sav
// delete the SAS file
!del mysas1.sd2
where '//' indicates to the command processor that what follows is a comment and '!' has been used instead of 'dos'.
A sequence of command such as these can be entered directly at the Stat/Transfer command prompt or stored in a command file for batch execution. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Kanthalloor
Removed POV
The arrival of outsiders to exploit the emerging business opportunities has resulted in steep increases in real estate prices. The widespread construction activity is rapidly leading to a degradation of the pristine environment. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Captainofhope (talk • contribs) 14:43, 7 October 2011 (UTC)
Official Stutus Tamil language in Kanthalloor village
As per the new Malayalam language Act Malayalam is only official language of Kerala, but in case Linguistic minorities areas declared by the Government, respective minority language also consider as official language of that area. Kanthalloor revenue village is a Tamils Majority area so Tamil is one of official language this village. SURESH M KANTHALORE (talk) 07:07, 29 January 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
møde op
Verb
* 1) arrive (at some place), appear, attend
* Han er ikke mødt op til forelæsningerne i flere uger.
* He hasn't attended the lectures for several weeks.
* En politibetjent var mødt op med en arrestordre.
* A police officer had arrived with an arrest order. | WIKI |
Christianity Begins On a late afternoon, in about the year AD 33, two men were walking from Jerusalem to the nearby village of Emmaus.
Their conversation centered on events that had occurred the previous week. As they journeyed, a stranger who seemed ignorant of these events joined them. Surprised, they asked him: “Are you the only person staying in Jerusalem not to know what has happened there in the last few days?” So they explained to him about a certain Jesus of Nazareth, “a prophet powerful in speech and action before God and the whole people. Our chief priests and rulers handed him over to the Roman authorities to be sentenced to death, and they crucified him. But we were hoping that he was the man to liberate Israel.” Even more amazing, they went on to say, were reports from some women who visited his tomb that he was alive again, raised from the dead. Suddenly the stranger spoke: “How dull-witted you two are! And how slow to believe all that the prophets said.
Was not the messiah bound to suffer thus before entering upon his glory?” Then he went on to clarify from the Hebrew scriptures all the passages that referred to himself. For the stranger was Jesus of Nazareth, of whom the two had been speaking. Based on the life, death and coming to life again of Jesus Christ there has developed the world’s largest religion, Christianity. Expectation and Reality The two men on the road to Emmaus were not simple common folk.
They were a selected group of twelve followers, called disciples or learners, of Jesus who had known him for at least three years. During this period they had listened to all he said and had witnessed his amazing actions, such as healing the sick, giving sight to the blind and hearing to the deaf and even bringing people back to life. They had become convinced that he was the Messiah who was to redeem Israel. Israel wanted and expected redemption.
This small Jewish nation, located in the eastern part of the Roman Empire, had for centuries looked forward to a time when their God would, through some decisive action, free them from outside oppression and establish Israel as the preeminent nation in the world. The word messiah means “the lord’s anointed,” someone God has set aside for a specific task. Christians believe that Jesus, from the small town of Nazareth in Galilee, was that Messiah. They also believe that what he accomplished far exceeded the expectations of Israel.
The Jews looked for a messiah exclusively for themselves, though his power and love would be such as to draw Jews and gentiles to a belief in the same God. Christians believe that Jesus, as God’s son, accomplished something that was intended to benefit the whole world. The Man and the Message What Jesus said and did can be learned from the first four books of the Bible’s New Testament. These books Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John are called Gospels, a word that means “good news,” because they are his followers’ written testimonies of what his life was all about. The Gospels depict a man who was thoroughly inborn with the entire tradition of Israel’s religion from the time of Abraham onward. From what Jesus said and did his followers came to believe that God was perhaps acting through him in a very special way.
Very possibly he was the one long awaited who would inaugurate God’s kingdom on Earth. It was reasonable that they should think this, for they too were Israelites; and they saw in his words and deeds what portended to be the dawning of a new age. What dashed their hopes was his death, crucifixion was a punishment reserved for criminals. Then came the great surprise: He was raised from the dead and appeared to them again over a period of 40 days. This stunning event required a complete reassessment of what Jesus was all about. It is this reassessment that forms the basis for the writings of the New Testament.
The Gospels themselves are part of it, but it is more strikingly conveyed by the other 23 books, all written by his followers over the subsequent decades after he had left them. For he had left them. How and where to could only be explained as his returning to the God who had sent him. But he did not leave them forever: He promised that he would one day return, and he gave them a mission to perform to carry the message about his life and work to the whole world.
The Believers: the Church The small group of Jesus’ followers that gathered in Jerusalem after his departure did not call themselves anything special, they considered themselves to be Jews. The word Christian came into use years later and was originally a derogatory term used by outsiders. This group of Jews became known as Jews of the Way. During the first decades of the church’s existence several significant events occurred: The assembly of believers separated themselves from the religion of Israel; they formulated an extensive assessment of what the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus meant; the first Christian martyrs died for their beliefs; and new congregations of believers were founded in all parts of the Roman Empire.
Jews of the Way The early Christians were all Jews. They remained in Jerusalem partook of the religious observances in the Temple, and ate according to Jewish dietary laws. They differed from their fellow Jews only in that they believed that the Messiah, Jesus, had come. Had they remained quiet about their conviction, they might well have remained a sect within Judaism.
However, they insisted on preaching to all who would listen that Jesus whom the Jewish authorities had persecuted was the one Israel had long awaited. This preaching aroused great hostility on the part of religious leaders and the early Christians were persecuted because of it. A young follower of Jesus, a deacon by the name of Stephen, was stoned to death for preaching that Jesus was the Messiah. The mob of Jews drug him from the city, as they stoned him and as a young Pharisee by the name of Saul watched, Stephen died as a Christian, he died praying for his murders. Yet these Christians had no thought of venturing beyond the confines of Israel with their message.
It was only after the joining of a man named Saul of Tarsus that the assembly of believers enlarged its horizons to include the whole known world. From Saul to Paul Saul, a strict Jew and Pharisee, was a persecutor of the church. While riding through the desert he was blinded by a vision from God, and he was converted. Saul made it to Damascus where he met Ananias, who restored his sight and baptized him. After changing his name to Paul, he began what is called the mission to the gentiles.
Paul and another follower of Jesus, Barnabas, more than any others, pulled the church out from temple and synagogue and set it apart as a separate institution. But, for Paul, the separation was more than a physical one. It was also a separation of law. Paul wished to extend Gods love to the gentiles. Mission to the gentiles Based in Antioch, Paul and his associates took this message to most of the urban centers of the Mediterranean world.
He began baptizing Samaritans in the name of Christ. The Jews thought it bad enough that not pure breed Jews could join the Way, but Paul pushed the envelope by baptizing gentiles who were not circumcised. It was his belief that Christians did not have to become Jews, and that they were not subject to all the rites, rituals, and laws of the Jewish religion. This aroused an intense anger in the Jews of the Way and, finally, led to a separation of the two groups.
The Christians become the Christians The Jews of the Way believed that if the gentiles ate unkosher food, then they could not share a table of fellowship with the gentile believers of Christ. Barnabas was sent from Jerusalem to the Christian center in Antioch to find out the condition of the mixing of Jews and gentiles. He became part of the mixer church, but there were still many debates on how to handle the group in Antioch. Until, the Council of Jerusalem where it was decided that the newly baptized followers of The Way did not have to eat kosher food or be circumcised. These followers of the Way were called Christians to distinguish them from the rest of the Jewish people. After that was settled, Paul and Barnabas set out to spread the Gospel, and this under taking was called Pauls 1st Missionary Journey.
Bibliography 1. The Catholic Church: Journey, Wisdom, and Mission 2. Comptons Encyclopedia 4. www.encyclopedia.com, entries on the early church 5. Religion | FINEWEB-EDU |
4 Top Stock Trades for Wednesday: Dogecoin, SPCE, RACE, UAA
InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips
After a down day on Monday, stocks were smacked at the open on Tuesday. The move startled traders, as the Nasdaq led the way lower. We’re at an interesting juncture where the market either needs to find its footing or probe lower prices before firming up. That said, let’s look at a few top stock trades for mid-week.
Top Stock Trades for Tomorrow No. 1: Dogecoin (DOGE-USD)
Click to Enlarge
Source: Chart courtesy of TrendSpider
Dogecoin (CCC:DOGE-USD) remains in the spotlight, as Bitcoin (CCC:BTC-USD) continues to struggle. There’s just something about this one that investors love. In any regard, it hit new all-time highs on Tuesday.
Dogecoin was able to erupt through that 40 cent to 45 cent resistance area, ultimately clearing 60 cents for a moment. While it’s down from the session high, more upside is still possible.
Specifically, I’m looking at the 161.8% extension of the current range, up near 67 cents. Above that could put 78 cents in play, followed by a push to near $1 (with the 261.8% extension at 98 cents).
7 Consumer Stocks to Buy Before Picnic Season Begins
On the downside, though, a move below 40 cents and the 10-day moving average could accelerate the selling pressure.
Top Stock Trades for Tomorrow No. 2: Virgin Galactic (SPCE)
Click to Enlarge
Source: Chart courtesy of TrendSpider
Virgin Galactic (NYSE:SPCE) has done a good job at respecting its key levels and technicals. That doesn’t mean it’s been a good holding for the bulls though. Shares went monthly-down below the April low, technically doing so on Monday.
After more weakness on Tuesday, though, Virgin Galactic reversed to the upside.
Now let me be clear: This isn’t a very healthy chart and playing this reversal would typically be a short-term cash flow trade. However, there’s a chance we could see a further recovery if the overall market cooperates.
On the upside, look for a test of the 10-day moving average, then a test of $23.94. Above that, and the 21-day moving average could put the gap-fill level and 200-day moving average on the table.
A break of Tuesday’s low will be the stop-loss for many traders.
Top Stock Trades for Tomorrow No. 3: Ferrari (RACE)
Click to Enlarge
Source: Chart courtesy of TrendSpider
Ferrari (NYSE:RACE) reacted lower on earnings today, although we’re seeing a nice response in the stock price. Shares are bouncing off the 200-day moving average and are trying to reclaim the 50-day.
Aggressive bulls may consider being long against $199 and looking for a move above Tuesday’s high. More conservative bulls will likely wait to see if RACE stock can take out today’s high before looking for a test of the 10-day and 21-day moving averages, then fishing for a gap-fill up toward $218.
7 Overvalued Blue-Chip Stocks That Are Not Tech Stocks
A break of $199 and close below this mark could put $180 to $185 in play. That zone has been interesting over the past 14 months.
Top Trades for Tomorrow No. 4: Under Armour (UAA, UA)
Click to Enlarge
Source: Chart courtesy of TrendSpider
Under Armour (NYSE:UAA, NYSE:UA) is actually having a pretty muted response to its quarterly report. On the weekly chart, it’s clear that it’s maintaining a tight trading range.
I am looking for a very simple outcome.
On the downside, watch the 10-week moving average, which has been support for several quarters. If it falters, it puts $21 and the 21-week moving average in play (how fitting).
On the upside, however, watch for a weekly-up rotation over $24.73. Above $25, and $27.50 is possible. Keep it simple.
On the date of publication, Bret Kenwell did not have (either directly or indirectly) any positions in any of the securities mentioned in this article.
Bret Kenwell is the manager and author of Future Blue Chips and is on Twitter @BretKenwell.
The post 4 Top Stock Trades for Wednesday: Dogecoin, SPCE, RACE, UAA appeared first on InvestorPlace.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:U3121927
Social contributions
* 1) 17/10/16 added suggestions on how to improve the flow of the topic, suggested to explore more on Freud's theory in explaining motive in committing crimes
* 2) 18.10.16 added 3 useful research articles
* 3) 18.10.16 added youtube video on 'chronic illness self-management motivation'. The video is about how people live with chronic illness ,what problems people facing such as their feelings, stress on dealing with visiting doctors, personal relationships under strain
* 4) 18/10/16 did some grammatical corrections on topic 'Delayed reinforcement and motivation'https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Talk:Motivation_and_emotion/Book/2016/Delayed_reinforcement_and_motivation
* 5) 19/10/16 added research articles to 'Habit theories and behaviour'https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Talk:Motivation_and_emotion/Book/2016/Habit_theories_and_behaviour
* 6) 19/10/16 added video link to book chapter 'young people taking illicit drugs in music festival'https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Talk:Motivation_and_emotion/Book/2016/Illicit_drug_taking_at_music_festivals#Good_progress
* 7) 19/10/16 added research article to 'intrinsic/extrinsic motivation for athlete doping'
* 8) 19/10/16 provided video link to 'intimacy motivation'https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Talk:Motivation_and_emotion/Book/2016/Intimacy_motivation
* 9) 19/10/16 added article to 'intrinsic/extrinsic motivation in athlete doping'https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Talk:Motivation_and_emotion/Book/2016/Intrinsic_versus_extrinsic_motivation_in_athlete_doping
* 10) 20/10/16 added journal articles to 'mental health help seeking motivation'
* 11) 20/10/16 added heading on 'mania and motivation'https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Talk:Motivation_and_emotion/Book/2016/Mania_and_motivation
* 12) 20/10/16 added video and journal article to 'mobile phone addiction'https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Talk:Motivation_and_emotion/Book/2016/Mobile_phone_addiction
* 13) 20/10/16 added research article to 'online shopping motivation'
* 14) 21/10/16 added researches to ' motivation and self harm among adolescents'
* 15) 21/10/16 added articles to 'motivation and sleep'
* 16) 21/10/16 added articles to 'victim blaming motivation'
* 17) 22/10/16 added research article to 'the effects of antidepressants on emotion' Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2016/Antidepressants and emotion | WIKI |
Page:Austen - Northanger Abbey. Persuasion, vol. III, 1818.djvu/233
linger and gaze on a first return to the sea, who ever deserve to look on it at all, proceeded towards the Cobb, equally their object in itself and on Captain Wentworth's account; for in a small house, near the foot of an old pier of unknown date, were the Harvilles settled. Captain Wentworth turned in to call on his friend; the others walked on, and he was to join them on the Cobb.
They were by no means tired of wondering and admiring; and not even Louisa seemed to feel that they had parted with Captain Wentworth long, when they saw him coming after them, with three companions, all well known already by description to be Captain and Mrs. Harville, and a Captain Benwick, who was staying with them.
Captain Benwick had some time ago been first lieutenant of the Laconia; and | WIKI |
Mindomys
Mindomys is a genus of sigmodontine rodents in the family Cricetidae. It includes two species known only from Ecuador, Hammond's rice rat (Mindomys hammondi) and the Kutukú rat (Mindomys kutuku). | WIKI |
Wikipedia:WikiProject Antigua and Barbuda/Tasks forces & work groups
Within the context of Antigua and Barbuda, the following is a list of task forces and work groups that are dedicated to the study of a particular subject area.
Anyone has the ability to organize a task force or work group (TFWG or TFWGs).
The Department of Tasks Forces and Work Groups is an independent sub-department of the WikiProject. Although it will be handled in the same manner as any other sub-department, this department does not report to any other department and is not responsible to any other department. Follow this link to access the departmental registration page.
List
* Administrative divisions
* Categories
* Agriculture
* Beekeeping
* Barbuda
* Lists
* Saint John
* Saint Mary
* Saint Peter
* Saint George
* Saint Paul
* Saint Philip | WIKI |
Hryhorii Tereshchuk
Hryhorii Vasylovych Tereshchuk (Григорій Васильович Терещук; born 1 October 1954) is a Ukrainian educator, doctor of pedagogical sciences (1995), professor (1996), and corresponding member of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine (2003).
Early life
He graduated from the Ternopil Pedagogical Institute (1976).
Career
He worked as a teacher in Skalat, Ternopil Raion. In 1978 he joined the Ternopil Pedagogical Institute (now TNPU) as head of labor training, head of training workshops, Senior Lecturer, Associate Professor of the Department of pedagogical skills (1978-1995), and vice-rector for research (1995-2006). In 1998 he became head of the Department of labor trainin. In 2006 he became first vice-rector.
He was a member of the editorial board of the All-Ukrainian Journal Labor Training in Educational Institutions and other publications.
He was editor-in-chief of Scientific notes of Ternopil Pedagogical University.
Research
He authored more than 80 scientific and methodological works, including 3 monographs and 8 manuals.
Recognition
* Knight of the Order of Merit of the third degree (2021),
* Honored Worker of education of Ukraine (2015)
* Petro Mogila
* Excellent student of education of Ukraine | WIKI |
Rotation Effects
The oscillation equations presented in the preceding sections are formulated for a non-rotating star. The corresponding equations for a rotating star are significantly more complicated, and a complete treatment of rotation lies beyond the scope of GYRE. However, GYRE can include two important effects arising from rotation.
Doppler Shift
A lowest-order effect of rotation arises in the Doppler shift from transforming between the inertial reference frame and the local co-rotating reference frame. To incorporate this effect in the separated equations, all instances of the inertial-frame frequency \(\sigma\) are replaced by the co-rotating frequency
(11)\[\sigmac \equiv \sigma - m \Orot,\]
where \(m\) is the azimuthal order of the mode and \(\Orot\) is the rotation angular frequency. GYRE assumes shellular rotation (see, e.g., Meynet & Maeder, 1997), and so the latter can in principle be a function of radial coordinate \(r\). The corresponding modifications to the dimensionless formulation involve replacing the dimensionless inertial-frame frequency \(\omega\) with the dimensionless co-rotating frequency
\[\omegac \equiv \omega - m \Orot \sqrt{\frac{R^{3}}{GM}}.\]
Perturbative Coriolis Force Treatment
Another lowest-order effect of rotation arises from the Coriolis force. For slow rotation, this effect can be determined through a perturbation expansion technique (see, e.g., section 19.2 of Unno et al., 1989). To first order in \(\Orot\), the frequency of a mode is shifted by the amount
\[\Delta \sigma = m \int_{0}^{R} \Orot \, \deriv{\beta}{r} \diff{r},\]
where the rotation splitting kernel is
\[\deriv{\beta}{r} = \frac{\left\{ \txir^{2} + [\ell(\ell+1) - 1] \txih^{2} - 2 \txir \txih \right\} \rho r^{2}} {\int_{0}^{R} \left\{ \txir^{2} + \ell(\ell+1) \txih^{2} \right\} \rho r^{2} \diff{r}}\]
In this latter expression, the eigenfunctions \(\txir\) and \(\txih\) are evaluated from solutions to the oscillation equations without rotation. Therefore, the expression above for \(\Delta \sigma\) can be applied as a post-calculation correction to non-rotating eigenfrequencies.
Non-Perturbative Coriolis Force Treatment
The perturbation expansion technique above breaks down when \(\Orot/\sigmac \gtrsim 1\). To deal with such cases, the gyre frontend [1] can incorporate a non-perturbative treatment of the Coriolis force based on the ‘traditional approximation of rotation’ (TAR). The TAR was first introduced by Eckart (1960; Hydrodynamics of Oceans and Atmospheres) and has since been used extensively within the pulsation community (see, e.g., Bildsten et al., 1996; Lee & Saio, 1997; Townsend, 2003a; Bouabid et al., 2013; Townsend, 2020).
Within the TAR, the solution forms given in eqn. (7) are replaced by
(12)\[\begin{split}\begin{aligned} \xir(r,\theta,\phi;t) &= \operatorname{Re} \left[ \sqrt{4\pi} \, \txir(r) \, \houghr(\theta) \, \exp(\ii m \phi -\ii \sigma t) \right], \\ \xit(r,\theta,\phi;t) &= \operatorname{Re} \left[ \sqrt{4\pi} \, \txih(r) \, \frac{\hought(\theta)}{\sin\theta} \, \exp(\ii m \phi -\ii \sigma t) \right], \\ \xip(r,\theta,\phi;t) &= \operatorname{Re} \left[ \sqrt{4\pi} \, \txih(r) \, \frac{\houghp(\theta)}{\ii \sin\theta} \, \exp(\ii m \phi -\ii \sigma t) \right], \\ f'(r,\theta,\phi;t) &= \operatorname{Re} \left[ \sqrt{4\pi} \, \tf'(r) \, \houghr(\theta) \, \exp(\ii m \phi -\ii \sigma t) \right] \end{aligned}\end{split}\]
Here, the Hough functions \(\houghr\), \(\hought\) and \(\houghp\) are the eigenfunctions obtained by solving Laplace’s tidal equations (TEs), a second-order system of differential equations and boundary conditions in the polar (\(\theta\)) coordinate (see Townsend 2020). Together with the associated eigenvalue \(\lambda\), they depend on the harmonic degree \(\ell\)[2] and azimuthal order \(m\), and the spin parameter
\[q \equiv \frac{2 \Orot}{\sigmac}.\]
Solution Families
Solutions to the TEs can be grouped into two families based on the behavior of the eigenfunctions and eigenvalue in the limit \(\Orot \rightarrow 0\). For the gravito-acoustic family,
(13)\[\begin{split}\left. \begin{aligned} \houghr(\theta) \ \rightarrow & \ Y^{m}_{\ell}(\theta,0) \\ \hought(\theta) \ \rightarrow & \ \sin\theta \pderiv{}{\theta} Y^{m}_{\ell}(\theta,0) \\ \houghp(\theta) \ \rightarrow & \ - m Y^{m}_{\ell}(\theta,0) \end{aligned} \right\} \quad \text{as } \Orot \rightarrow 0.\end{split}\]
and \(\lambda \rightarrow \ell(\ell+1)\). With these expressions, the solution forms (12) reduce to those given in eqn. (7).
Conversely, for the Rossby family
(14)\[\begin{split}\left. \begin{aligned} \houghr(\theta) \ \rightarrow & \ 0 \\ \hought(\theta) \ \rightarrow & \ m Y^{m}_{\ell}(\theta,0) \\ \houghp(\theta) \ \rightarrow & \ - \sin\theta \pderiv{}{\theta} Y^{m}_{\ell}(\theta,0) \end{aligned} \right\} \quad \text{as } \Orot \rightarrow 0.\end{split}\]
and \(\lambda \rightarrow 0\). Moreover, Rossby-mode eigenfrequencies also show the limiting behavior
(15)\[\sigmac = \frac{2 m \Orot}{\ell(\ell+1)} \quad \text{as } \Orot \rightarrow 0,\]
which is independent of the stellar structure.
Implementing the TAR
To implement the TAR in the separated equations and boundary conditions, all instances of the term \(\ell(\ell+1)\) are replaced by the TE eigenvalue \(\lambda\). Then, all instances of the harmonic degree \(\ell\) are replaced by \(\elle\), an effective harmonic degree found by solving
\[\elle(\elle+1) = \lambda.\]
Similar steps are taken in the dimensionless formulation, but in the definitions of the dependent variables \(\{y_{1},y_{2},\ldots,y_{6}\}\), \(\ell\) is replaced by \(\elli\), the effective harmonic degree evaluated at the inner boundary.
Footnotes | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Posted at
TclDay 1
TclでHello, world!
前置き
ActiveTcl 8.6 + Windows10 Japanese 64bitで動作確認しました。
スクリプト冒頭3行の
#!/bin/sh
#\
exec tclsh "$0" ${1+"$@"}
#!/bin/sh
#\
exec wish "$0" ${1+"$@"}
はActiveTclで実行する場合は不要なので以下では省略します。UNIX OSやCygwinでファイル名だけで実行する場合は必要です。
Tcl編
実行方法
> c:\activetcl\bin\tclsh.exe hello.tcl
シンプルにHello, world! ～その1～
hello.tcl
puts {Hello, world!}
シンプルにHello, world! ～その2～
hello.tcl
puts "Hello, world!"
標準エラー出力にHello, world!
hello.tcl
puts stderr "Hello, world!"
細切れにHello, world!
hello.tcl
puts -nonewline "Hello"
puts -nonewline ", world!"
puts -nonewline "\n"
printf風にHello, world!
hello.tcl
puts -nonewline [format "%s, %s!\n" Hello world]
変数に入れてからHello, world! ～その1～
hello.tcl
set foo "Hello, world!"
puts $foo
変数に入れてからHello, world! ～その2～
hello.tcl
set foo Hello
set bar world
puts "$foo, $bar!"
変数に入れてからHello, world! ～その3～
hello.tcl
set foo Hello
set bar world
puts "[set foo], [set bar]!"
リストをつなげてHello, world!
hello.tcl
set foo [list Hello world!]
puts [join $foo ", "]
関数の処理でHello, world!
hello.tcl
proc helloworld {} {
puts "Hello, world!"
}
helloworld
関数の戻り値でHello, world!
hello.tcl
proc helloworld {} {
return "Hello, world!"
}
puts [helloworld]
シリアルポートにHello, world!
COM1とCOM2がクロスケーブルで接続されているとして。
hello.tcl
set ch1 [open "\\\\.\\COM1" r+]
fconfigure $ch1 -mode 9600,n,8,1
set ch2 [open "\\\\.\\COM2" r+]
fconfigure $ch2 -mode 9600,n,8,1 -buffering line
puts $ch2 "Hello, world!"
close $ch2
puts [gets $ch1]
close $ch1 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Wu, X AU - Delclos, G L AU - Annegers, J F AU - Bondy, M L AU - Honn, S E AU - Henry, B AU - Hsu, T C AU - Spitz, M R TI - A case-control study of wood dust exposure, mutagen sensitivity, and lung cancer risk. DP - 1995 Sep 01 TA - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention PG - 583--588 VI - 4 IP - 6 4099 - http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/4/6/583.short 4100 - http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/4/6/583.full SO - Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev1995 Sep 01; 4 AB - The associations between lung cancer risk, mutagen sensitivity (a marker of cancer susceptibility), and a putative lung carcinogen, wood dust, were assessed in a hospital-based case-control study. There were 113 African -American and 67 Mexican-American cases with newly diagnosed, previously untreated lung cancer and 270 controls, frequency-matched on age, ethnicity, and sex. Mutagen sensitivity ( 1 chromatid break/cell after short-term bleomycin treatment) was associated with statistically significant elevated risk for lung cancer [odds ration (OR) = 4.3; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 2.3-7.9]. Wood dust exposure was also a significant predictor of risk (overall OR = 3.5; CI = 1.4-8.6) after controlling for smoking and mutagen sensitivity. When stratified by ethnicity, wood dust exposure was s significant risk factor for African-Americans (OR = 5.5; CI = 1.6-18.9) but not for Mexican-Americans (OR = 2.0; CI = 0.5-8.1). The ORs were 3.8 and 4.8 for non-small cell lung cancer in Mexican-Americans (CI = 1.2-18.5). Stratified analysis suggested evidence of strong interactions between wood dust exposure and both mutagen sensitivity and smoking in lung cancer risk. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Bird-lore Vol 04.djvu/61
40 Bird - Lore
enough money was received to purchase ten libraries of ten books each mainly devoted to birds. These are now in circulation among the public schools of Pennsylvania, but more tltan twice the number of books could be used without satisfying the de— mand, so popular have the libraries become. Each library may be kept three months and the only expense to the school is the freight on the books, an average sum of about 35 cents. The object of the libraries is to interest the children in birds and bird~protection and to arouse a love for all nature study. .
The organization in Philadelphia of the Spencer F. Baird Ornithological Club by a number of ladies, is directly due to the in- fluence of the Audubon Society and is an example that can well be followed in other cities and towns to stimulate bird study.
Beginning with 1902 the Society is forced to establish a new class of membership to be known as Sustaining Members, to which we call particular attention. It will include at the outser all those who have aided the Society by contributing to its funds, or by acting as local secretaries, and to these the reports and circulars of the Society will be sent as heretofore. All other members who desire to receive the reports, notices of meet— ings, etc., may do so by contributing a sum of not less than one dollar to the Society. This is not an annual assessment but simply one payment. We trust that a large number of our members will enroll themselves in this class and so materially aid in the work of the Society. The Society is forced to this action by the increased cost of postage inci- dent to a constantly growing membership.
The annual meeting of the Society was held January it, r902, at 3 P. M. in the Lecture Hall of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Nineteenth street below Race.
On Monday evenings, January 6 to Feb~ ruary 3, at S P. M. a course of free lectures will be delivered in the same hall by Mr. Witmer Stone, Conservator of the Ornitho- logical Section of the Academy, on “Struc- ture and Life Histories of some Common Birds.”
To these you and your friends are cor- dially invited.
In closing, we would again call attention to the fact that our work is limited strictly by the amount of funds at our disposal, and we hope our members will aid us as far as possible in t manner. The purchase of more traveling libraries, the delivery of lectures in more remote parts of the state and the publication of additional literature are especially desired but can only be ac- complished by increased funds.
All contributions should be sent to William L. Baily, treasurer, 421 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, or to
JULIA STOCKTON Rooms, Secretary.
Mas. Euw. Rooms,
r14 5. 21st St., Philadelphia.
An Addition to the White List
Miss ]. E. Hamand, secretary of the Audubon Society of Shaller, Iowa, sends the name of Mrs. Mary Smith Hayward, of Chaldron, Nebraska, for the Milliner's White List: not only for many years was she the only milliner in the United States who never sold birds, wings or aigrettes, but she has distributed leaflets showing the evil of the decorative uses of feathers among her customers and oflered prizes in the local schools for essays upon bird protection.
The Thayer Fund
‘ The Auk‘ for January, r902, contains Mr. William Dutcher's annual report on the ‘Results of Special Protection to Gulls and Terns Obtained Through the Thayer Fund.‘ This report fills twenty pages of ‘The Auk,’ and is far too interesting and important to be adequately treated in the space at our command. Copies may be obtained of Mr. Dutcher for four cents if application is made before the limited sup- ply is exhausted.
The expenditures of the committee for the year were slightly more than $r,Soo, and the surprising results achieved with this comparatively small sum constitute an eloquent argument for the committee in its appeal for funds to continue and extend its operations.
Contributions may be sent to William Dutcher, Treasurer, 525 Manhattan avenue, New York city. | WIKI |
User:Daniel Mietchen/Talks/Wikimania 2012/GLAM Night Out/Author contributions
IP was involved in the design of the study and the interpretation of the results, as well as reviewing the manuscript. AW was involved in the conduct of the study, the interpretation of the results and the reviewing of the manuscript. DP was involved in the analysis of the laboratory samples and the reviewing of the manuscript. LR was involved in the design and statistical analysis of the study as well as coordinating and reviewing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. | WIKI |
I, Tyrant
I, Tyrant is an accessory for the 2nd edition of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game.
Contents
I, Tyrant is a supplement which provides further details about beholders from what is given in the Monstrous Manual, including information about the history of beholders as a race, and their religion, culture, settlements and psychology, and game statistics on beholder deviants. The book also provides rules for psionics and magic items available to beholders.
Publication history
I, Tyrant was published by TSR in 1996 as a 93-page book. It was designed by Aaron Allston, and featured cover illustrations by Dana Knutson, and interior illustrations by Arnie Swekel, David Martin, Glen Michael Angus, William O'Connor, and Randy Post.
I, Tyrant and the module Eye of Pain mark the first volumes in TSR's "Monstrous Arcana" series, which focuses on the most popular monsters in the AD&D game.
Reception
David Comford reviewed I, Tyrant for Arcane magazine, rating it an 8 out of 10 overall. He comments: "As if these multi-eyed nightmares weren't deadly enough, now they can have magical items and psionics too." He notes that through I, Tyrant, "the amazing versatility of the race is depicted in great detail, raising them from merely a collection of interesting monsters to a curious and powerful civilisation. The results give referees a myriad of encounter opportunities and possibilities for inserting beholder NPCs into existing campaigns for that extra punch of spice." Comford concludes his review by stating: "The Monstrous Manual will still suffice for brief encounters with these creatures, but through expanded details on the creatures' behavior, powers, driving forces and tips on how to defeat them, I, Tyrant is useful to referees or players planning to embark upon a beholder-heavy adventure."
Reviews
* Coleção Dragão Brasil | WIKI |
Precision GU Logo
The Genetics of Hereditary Cancer
We are pleased to offer genetic testing to our patients. Using our Precision GU genetic test, we are able to provide personalized valuable information using a precision approach.
Understanding your genetic makeup will empower you to make more informed decisions with respect to your healthcare. This knowledge can provide peace of mind and enables you to move forward with your life.
Our doctors use innovative, state of the art tools to determine if genetic testing is right for you and are available to answer your questions and help guide you through your decision-making process. If you so choose, you may seek additional advice from a genetic counselor.
Did you know that many cancers are hereditary, and your genetic code is the key to unlocking the answers?
Genetic testing may help predict your risk for a variety of diseases and whether your children may inherit this risk. This knowledge can bring peace of mind and if needed, help you and your care team more precisely guide your health care decision making.
What Information Will Genetic Testing Provide?
Whether you are concerned about a possible predisposition to certain cancers because of your family medical history, are managing a cancer previously diagnosed or are dealing with a cancer that was recently detected, genetic testing may provide valuable answers.
Hereditary cancer means that the disease is caused by a mutation in one or more of a person’s genes. This genetic predisposition is passed down from a parent to a child. Hereditary cancers often occur at an earlier age and can be more aggressive.
If your test does not show a genetic mutation, this means that you were not found to be at an increased risk for developing cancer based on genetics alone. While this does not guarantee you will not develop cancer, a negative result can be empowering for you and your family.
If you test positive, there is a 50% chance that parents, siblings, and children also inherited this same mutation. In addition, this mutation may also be associated with an increased risk for other cancers separate from the one that was already diagnosed such as colon, stomach, or breast.
What Are the Benefits of Genetic Testing?
Finding out if you have an inherited risk for cancer can be a useful tool. It:
• May provide an explanation for your personal and/or family history of cancer
• Helps your doctor make informed decisions about potential treatments and surveillance
• Clarifies your risk for developing other cancers and additional screening options for early diagnosis
• Identifies other relatives who may benefit from genetic testing
How is Genetic Testing Done?
Genetic testing involves a simple blood test that looks for changes in your genetic profile. The blood will be drawn at your ARC doctor’s office and processed in our own lab. Your genetic testing will be customized to your specific needs.
Who Should Have Genetic Testing?
Your provider will determine if genetic testing is appropriate. Testing may be offered if you or a close relative have:
• A diagnosis of cancer at an early age, such as breast cancer diagnosed before age 50
• A diagnosis of ovarian, pancreatic or aggressive and/or advanced prostate cancer
• Multiple relatives on the same side of the family with the same or associated cancers, such as breast, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, colorectal, uterine or stomach
• Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry
• A relative who tested positive for a change in one of their genes (genetic variant) related to cancer risk
Is Genetic Testing Covered by Your Health Insurance?
Genetic testing is covered by most insurance plans. If you do not wish to go through your insurance, a private pay option is available.
As always, be assured that we are committed to protecting your privacy.
What Are the Potential Results from Genetic Testing?
There are three possible test findings which you can expect.
• Positive: A positive result means that an inherited gene mutation was found that may increase your risk for certain cancers.
• Negative: A negative test result means that there were no mutations found in the genes tested. Your risk for developing cancer may be based on other factors such as your personal or family medical history.
• Variant of Uncertain Significance (VUS): A variant of uncertain significance (VUS) result indicates a change in at least one of the genes tested. However, scientific knowledge does not yet provide enough information about whether this specific change will increase your risk for certain cancers. This result should not be used to guide your medical care.
It is very possible that your genetic testing will not reveal the presence of any mutations. Your doctor will discuss the implications of your genetic test findings in relation to your personal and family history.
To see if you are a candidate for genetic testing, speak with your Advanced Radiation Centers of New York caregiver. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Benefits of Glucosamine, Chondroitin, and Curcumin for Pain Comfort
One in five, or about 23% of adults in the United States today, has doctor-diagnosed joint concerns or discomfort (CDC). What's more, many of these sufferers have found themselves on conventional therapies that come with a host of unwanted side effects, prompting the search for viable alternatives. Fortunately, years of accumulating research has shown that there are several nutraceuticals that hold great promise in managing joint discomfort, with solid data to back up their use.
Glucosamine, chondroitin, and curcumin each have a long history of support of joint discomfort with studies that spotlight their roles in cartilage protection, precursors to cartilage formation, and promoters of a normal inflammatory response. The Landmark GAIT trial (Glucosamine/chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial), the first large-scale, multicenter clinical study to test the effects of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate on knee osteoarthritis, found that the glucosamine/chondroitin combo provides statistically significant pain relief compared with placebo (NIH. gov). Furthermore, the data on the powerful benefits of the nutraceutical, curcumin in maintaining a normal inflammatory response just keeps building. When you also add in the fact that they work in synergy and are more powerful together than they are on their own, these key players are worthy of serious consideration when looking to ease discomfort and improve joint health.
A Bit About Joints
Our cartilage is made up of collagen fibers which impart tensile strength, along with proteoglycan molecules (like chondroitin), which serve to cushion the impact of pressure. These proteoglycan molecules are made from a linear core protein with hundreds of molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), attached to a matrix of hyaluronic acid. The stressors of a busy lifestyle combined with increasing age can contribute to a slow breakdown of healthy cartilage and eventual nutrient and fluid deprivation of the affected cartilage, which can lead to unwanted, long-term discomfort.
Keeping Things Flexible with Glucosamine
Glucosamine is a naturally-occurring amino sugar, and the most fundamental building block for making glycolipids, glycoproteins, hyaluronate, and proteoglycans. Meta-analyses have long confirmed positive trends for the use of glucosamine and several strong gold standard studies, in addition to the GAIT trial, have shown its efficacy in reducing joint symptoms. In a double-blind trial of 178 patients with knee discomfort, 1,500 mg of glucosamine sulfate led to significant improvement in symptoms after four weeks and continued to improve two weeks after treatment was stopped. In addition, a recent study of data from a French database of over 11,000 adults taking a glucosamine supplement showed a significant improvement in joint discomfort, functional limitation, and quality of life.
Chondroitin: Managing the Pressure with Good Hydration
Complementing the building block effect of glucosamine, chondroitin acts to hydrate joint tissues so they can better endure the pressure of compression placed on the joint, and helps to properly rehydrate when the pressure is released. There is also evidence that chondroitin helps support a normal inflammatory response, especially in the synovial cartilage, inhibiting cartilage-degrading enzymes. Like glucosamine, chondroitin has been shown in numerous placebo-controlled trials to significantly improve joint mobility and comfort in doses of about 800 mg/day compared to placebo. In a recent pilot study, a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of 69 patients were given either 800 mg chondroitin sulfate or a placebo once daily for 6 months, followed by an open-label phase of six months in which patients in both groups received chondroitin sulfate 800 mg once daily. Incredibly, the chondroitin sulfate group showed significantly less cartilage volume loss than the placebo group, as early as six months into the study.
Then Add Some Spice: The Balancing Role of Curcumin
The active compound in turmeric, curcumin is an orange-colored spice that has been used for thousands of years in cooking and medicine, is a potent cellular antioxidant. Curcumin is best known for it's crucial role in balancing inflammation in many different bodily systems. Unlike some conventional treatments, it works through multiple pathways and on more than one target to promote a normal inflammatory response in those with joint pain and discomfort. A 2012 pilot study showed the profound effects of this age-old spice. In the study, a curcumin product reduced joint pain and swelling in patients with joint complaints better than a conventional treatment. An even more recent randomized double-blind, placebo-control, parallel-group clinical trial in which patients with mild-to-moderate knee discomfort were assigned to curcuminoids (1,500 mg/day in three divided doses) or matched placebo for six weeks found curcuminoids were associated with significantly greater reductions in discomfort scores compared with placebo.
Overall, the combination of glucosamine, chondroitin, and curcumin is a powerhouse of protection for those with vulnerable joints, and the three offer a research-driven, multi-pronged approach for those looking to optimize joint health that is worthy of consideration.
REFERENCES:
1. http://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/data_statistics/arthritis related_stats.htm
2. www.NIH.gov
3. JAMA 2000; 283(11):1469-75
4. Ann Pharmacother 1998; 32(5):580-7.
5. Ann Pharmacother 1998; 32(5):574-9.
6. Arzneimittelforschung 1998;48(5):469-74
7. Curr Med Res Opin. 2013 Oct 16. [Epub ahead of print]
8. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1998; 6 (Suppl A):14-21
9. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 1998; 6(Suppl A):39-46
10. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Jun;70(6):982-9.
11. Biofactors. 2013 Jan-Feb;39(1):69-77.
12. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(11):2032-46.
13. AAPS J. 2013 Jan;15(1):195-218.
14. Phytother Res. 2012 Nov;26(11):1719-25. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4639. Epub 2012 Mar 9. Phytother Res. 2014 May 22. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5174. [Epub ahead of print] | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Eagleton
Eagleton may refer to:
People
* Eagleton (surname)
Places
* Eagleton, Wisconsin, United States
* Eagleton Village, Tennessee, United States
* Eagleton, a hamlet adjoining (or within) Pabail Iarach in Point, Outer Hebrides, Scotland
* Eagleton, fictional town in Indiana, from the show Parks and Recreation
Other
* Eagleton Institute of Politics at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey
* "Eagleton" (Parks and Recreation), an episode of the comedy series Parks and Recreation | WIKI |
Page:Emeraldhoursinne00lowtiala.djvu/250
The Through Trip from London to New Zealand and Australia may be accomplished in 27 and 31 days respectively:
And the longest time at sea is under 7 days between ports.
Choice of Eight Routes across the American Continent.
* London to New Zealand and Australia, via America or Canada.
* Returning to London by any Suez or Cape Line, or vice versa.
* Special low rates quoted. Tickets good for two years.
* The South Sea Islands, China, Japan, Honolulu and Australasia, available over A and A Line Services at low rates.
Itineraries for all Round World Tours made up on application to the following Agents:
* LONDON—B. K., European Traffic Agent, 22 Cockspur Street, S.W.
* SAN FRANCISCO—L. F., General Passage Agent, 653 Market Street.
* AUCKLAND (N.Z.)—V. A., Branch Manager for New Zealand, Customs and Queen Streets.
* SYDNEY—, General Manager in Australasia, Pitt and Bridge Streets. | WIKI |
Datos del Documento
Por favor, use este identificador para citar o enlazar este documento: https://ria.asturias.es/RIA/handle/123456789/1508
Título : Genetic profile of second primary tumors and recurrences in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Autor : Álvarez Marcos, César
Llorente, José L.
Alonso Guervós, Marta
Domínguez Iglesias, Francisco
Argüelles Tamargo, Luis
Hermsen, Mario A.
Palabras clave : Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
MLPA
Genetic alterations
Second primary tumors
Tumor recurrences
Fecha de publicación : 2011
Resumen : Background: Second primary tumors and recurrences are an important problem in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. To determine the genetic changes in tumor samples in order to improve knowledge of tumor progression. Methods: Copy number changes of 37 genes were analyzed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in 36 primary tumors and their corresponding 21 second primary tumors and 15 recurrences. Results: CCND1 and EMS1 amplifications and gain of BCL2L1 were the most common genetic alterations in the primary tumor, second primary tumor and recurrence samples. Gains of ERBB2 and PTPN1 were associated to recurrences. Conclusions: Specific genetic profiles for each group have been found. Similarities between primary tumor and second primary tumor and dissimilarity between primary tumor and recurrence suggest that clinic-pathological criteria do not always accurately differentiate these entities. Genetic profiling may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of these difficult cases
URI : https://ria.asturias.es/RIA/handle/123456789/1508
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English Grammar/Basic Parts of Speech/Pronouns
A pronoun replaces a noun in a sentence. The noun that is replaced is called an antecedent.
Pronouns can be classified in following different ways:
Personal Pronoun
Note: The possessive forms my, your, his, her, its, our and their function as adjectives when they modify a noun.
Cases of Personal Pronouns
Example: I am beautiful.(subject) The winner is she.(predicate nominative/subjective complement) Example: We met them in Florida. (direct object) You have to award him the medal. (indirect object) Are you finally going out with her? (object of the preposition) Example: That folder is mine. These paintings are theirs.
* 1) Nominative case - the pronoun is used as a subject or predicate nominative/subjective complement.
* 1) Objective case - the pronoun is used as a direct object, indirect object or object of the preposition.
* 1) Possessive case - the pronoun is used to show ownership or possession.
Compound Personal Pronouns
Compound personal pronouns are formed by adding -self or -selves to some personal pronouns.
Reflexive Pronoun
Reflexive pronoun may be used as a direct object or indirect object. It usually comes after the verb.
Intensive Pronoun
Intensive pronoun is used to emphasize that the action is done by the antecedent.
Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns like that, which, who, whom and whose are used to introduce most adjective clauses and to connect them to the main clause.
* That refers to either a person, animal or thing.
* Which refers to animals or things.
* Who refers to persons. It is usually used when the noun it refers to is the doer of the action or when the noun it refers to is the subject within the clause.
* Whom refers to persons. It is usually used when the noun or pronoun it refers to is the receiver of the action or when the noun or pronoun is used as the object within the clause.
* Whose refers to persons, animals or things. It is used to denote possession.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns like this, that, these and those are used to point out specific persons or things.
Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. They are who, whom, whose, which and what.
Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns are pronouns that do not refer to a particular person or group of persons.
Singular or Plural Indefinite Pronouns
English/Parts of Speech/Pronouns | WIKI |
Palazzo Bernardo a San Polo
The Palazzo Bernardo a San Polo, also known as the Giustinian Bernardo is a Gothic-style palace located between Palazzo Querini Dubois and across the Rio del la Madoneta, Casa Sicher, on the Grand Canal in the sestiere of San Polo of Venice, Italy.
History
It was built in the 14th century for the Bernardo family, a patrician family from Treviso, but putatively originally from Rome. A separate Palazzo Bernardo, near the Ponte Bernardo but also in San Polo, was acquired in the 16th century by the Celsi family. At this palace were housed Francesco Sforza and his wife, Bianca Visconti, during a grand state visit to Venice in May 1442. In 1532, the palace lodged Lorenzo Strozzi, who then hosted a Medici Cardinal in a feast. The palace was in the hands of the Bernardo till 1868. | WIKI |
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (1516/1517 – 19 January 1547), KG, (courtesy title), an English nobleman, was one of the founders of English Renaissance poetry. He was a first cousin of both Queen Anne Boleyn and Queen Catherine Howard, second and fifth wives of King Henry VIII.
He was born in Hunsdon, Hertfordshire, the eldest son of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk by his second wife Elizabeth Stafford, a daughter of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham. He was thus descended from King Edward I on his father's side and from King Edward III on his mother's side.
He was brought-up at Windsor Castle with Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, the illegitimate son of King Henry VIII, with whom he became a close friend, and later a brother-in-law, following the marriage of his sister to Fitzroy. Like his father and grandfather, he was a brave and able soldier, serving in Henry VIII's French wars as Lieutenant General of the King on Sea and Land.
He was repeatedly imprisoned for rash behaviour, on one occasion for striking a courtier, on another for wandering through the streets of London breaking the windows of houses whose occupants were asleep. He assumed the courtesy title Earl of Surrey in 1524 when his grandfather died and his father became Duke of Norfolk.
In 1532 he accompanied Anne Boleyn (his first cousin), King Henry VIII, and the Duke of Richmond to France, staying there for more than a year as a member of the entourage of King Francis I of France. 1536 was a notable year for Surrey: his first son was born, namely Thomas Howard (later 4th Duke of Norfolk), Anne Boleyn was executed on charges of adultery and treason, and the Duke of Richmond died at the age of 17 and was buried at Thetford Abbey, one of the Howard seats. In 1536 Surrey also served with his father in the suppression of the Pilgrimage of Grace, a rebellion against the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
The Howards had little regard for the "new men" who had risen to power at court, such as Thomas Cromwell and the Seymours. Surrey was less circumspect than his father in concealing his disdain. The Howards had many enemies at court.
Henry VIII, consumed by paranoia and increasing illness, became convinced that Surrey had planned to usurp the crown from his son the future King Edward VI. The matter came to a head when Surrey quartered the attributed arms of King Edward the Confessor. John Barlow had once called Surrey "the most foolish proud boy that is in England" and, although the arms of Surrey's ancestor Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk show that he was entitled to bear Edward the Confessor's arms, doing so was an act of pride. In consequence, the King ordered Surrey's imprisonment and that of his father, sentencing them to death on 13 January 1547. Surrey was beheaded on 19 January 1547 on a charge of treasonably quartering the royal arms. His father survived execution as the king died the day before that appointed for the beheading, but he remained imprisoned. Surrey's son Thomas Howard became heir to the Dukedom of Norfolk in place of his father, which title he inherited on the 3rd Duke's death in 1554.
He was buried in Framlingham Church in Suffolk, where survives his spectacular painted alabaster tomb.
He and his friend Sir Thomas Wyatt were the first English poets to write in the sonnet form that Shakespeare later used, and Surrey was the first English poet to publish blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter) in his translation of the second and fourth books of Virgil's Aeneid. Together, Wyatt and Surrey, due to their excellent translations of Petrarch's sonnets, are known as "Fathers of the English Sonnet". While Wyatt introduced the sonnet into English, it was Surrey who gave them the rhyming meter and the division into quatrains that now characterises the sonnets variously named English, Elizabethan or Shakespearean sonnets.
This section does not cite any sources. (March 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|Ancestors of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey|
|Wikisource has original works written by or about:
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
|Wikiquote has quotations related to: Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey| | FINEWEB-EDU |
Do You Know How to Repair Blender?
How to Repair Blender
A blender is a multifunctional household appliance that is found in almost every kitchen. This is a convenient device that can replace several devices at once. With its help, you can grind, mix, and whip the products. The design of the blenders is simple, so they are quite reliable. However, even the most reliable equipment fails. Consider how to repair blender, find the cause of the breakdown and do it yourself.
DIY Blender Repair
Mistresses often encounter a situation where the blender stops working and the knife does not spin. It happens that the knife, engine and speed switch are working, but when loading ingredients, the device works “idle” without grinding them. In many cases, repairs can be done with your hands. Let’s figure out how to repair blender in that case.
How to Disassemble a Hand Blender
Before disassembling the blender for repair, you should carefully read the technical documentation. Disassembly instructions may be supplied with Bosch, Philips, Scarlett, Polaris models. It is best to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations. Otherwise, there is a high risk of permanently breaking the device.
How to repair blender
Blender Repair
For disassembly and blender repair, the following tools will be required:
• A thin flat screwdriver (if such a screwdriver is not found, it can be replaced with a narrow knife);
• Long screwdriver;
• Pliers;
• A magnet to get out small parts if you can’t remove them with tools;
• Superglue or any other reliable adhesive composition, with which you can restore the integrity of the seams if they are damaged.
The DIY disassembly procedure for a blender:
• Unscrew all the screws, remembering or marking their location.
• Remove all items that are possible.
• Parts that could not be removed must be carefully inspected. They can be snapping fastened. In this case, they can be removed by pressing the locks of the latches.
• When the case is disassembled, you can begin to check the health of parts and repair.
Note: Some craftsmen offer a more radical version of disassembly. Like, a narrow screwdriver or knife is pushed between the case and the casing of the device. Then the weld is knocked down with an exact hammer blow. This method is suitable only for non-collapsible models. However, superglue will be required for their reassembly after repair.
HowTo Repair Blender: How To Fix the Device
The most common models of Scarlett (Scarlet), Vitek (Vitek), Polaris (Polaris), Philips (Philips), Bosch (Bosch) are usually disassembled, so they can be repaired by oneself, replaced nozzles. Consider in what cases an independent blender repair is possible.
1. Knife replacement: If the knife is dull, it can only be replaced, because it is not subject to sharpening. New knives are sold in specialized and hardware stores. To replace, remove the old part by wrapping it in a towel and unscrewing. After that, put on a new knife (it may differ in appearance from the old one), fix it.
Important! Sometimes you can buy a new knife complete with an oil seal. It makes sense to replace both parts at once. In some stationary models, the knife cannot be removed from the bowl. Then there remains only the option of a comprehensive replacement of the bowl, knife, and gland.
1. Speed controller: In stationary models, it may be difficult to check the switch, as often there is a lockout function without a bowl. By the way, the problem of stopping the operation of the device is also associated with blocking. If you suspect a malfunction of the speed switch, you need to remove it, check in full each position and repair it.
2. Stop work: If the device does not turn on, the first thing is to check the cord. You may need to replace the cord try turning on the blender. If it turns on and buzzes, but does not work, then disable the lock. Failure in the depressed lock most often indicates burnout of the motor winding. It can be replaced, but it is an expensive repair. So it is often more profitable to just buy a new blender.
Note: The problem may be with printed circuit boards. It is worth inspecting capacitors and resistors. If a short circuit occurs, then the device is best given to specialists. In many cases, damaged electronics cannot be repaired or their cost is too high.
To disassemble, check and repair blenders with your hands as little as possible, it is worthwhile to adhere to simple rules for safe operation. Check the reliability of attachments before starting work, do not turn on the device without a bowl.
Moreover, to answer the question of how to repair blender is easy but it is not hassled free work. So do not allow overloads, carefully handle the wire (make sure that it does not bend or twist). The main thing is to follow the instructions for use. These simple measures are quite enough for the equipment to serve for many years and without going through how to repair blender on google.
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Episodic memory in mild cognitive impairment inversely correlates with the global modularity of the cerebral blood flow network
Carlos A Sánchez Catasús, Antoon Willemsen, Ronald Boellaard, Luis Eduardo Juarez-Orozco, Juan Samper-Noa, Angel Aguila-Ruiz, Peter Paul De Deyn, Rudi Dierckx, Yasser Iturria Medina, Lester Melie-Garcia
Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review
7 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) SPECT is an interesting methodology to study brain connectivity in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) since it is accessible worldwide and can be used as a biomarker of neuronal injury in MCI. In CBF SPECT, connectivity is grounded in group-based correlation networks. Therefore, topological metrics derived from the CBF correlation network cannot be used to support diagnosis and prognosis individually. However, methods to extract the individual patient contribution to topological metrics of group-based correlation networks were developed although not yet applied to MCI patients. Here, we investigate whether the episodic memory of 24 amnestic MCI patients correlates with individual patient contributions to topological metrics of the CBF correlation network. We first compared topological metrics of the MCI group network with the network corresponding to 26 controls. Metrics that showed significant differences were then used for the individual patient contribution analysis. We found that the global network modularity was increased while global efficiency decreased in the MCI network compared to the control. Most importantly, we found that episodic memory inversely correlates with the patient contribution to the global network modularity, which highlights the potential of this approach to develop a CBF connectivity-based biomarker at the individual level.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)73-81
Number of pages9
JournalPsychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Volume282
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 30 Dec 2018
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Be Your Own Santa: 4 Incredible Value Stocks to Buy
Let's face it, with the third-quarter earnings just round the corner, a rosy second half and continued momentum in 2016 seem to be no less than a dream.
The S&P 500 plunged 6.9% in the third quarter to 1,920, worse than the 14.3% drop in third-quarter 2011.
Investors must be thinking that the worst is over, as October, November and December are historically the strongest months for stocks.
The S&P 500 gained more than 4% in fourth-quarter 2014 and 10% in fourth-quarter 2013. In 2011, the index plunged 14% in the third quarter, but made up for it with 11% gain between October and December.
No wonder, some traders started referring to the fourth-quarter bump as a Santa Claus rally!
According to Bespoke, though history shows fourth quarters to be mostly positive for stocks, the odds are lower when the S&P is negative year-to-date post the third quarter.
It is currently down 6.7% year-to-date.
In simpler terms, it is not enough to simply rely on the calendar while making investment decisions. You have to look at fundamentals as well as the current scenario to predict a rally.
The Current Scenario
After the worst quarter in four years, we believe that the stock market has very slim chances of bouncing back strongly in the fourth quarter this year given that several headwinds persist.
The Fed's inaction raised doubts about the U.S. outlook as well. After all, if the U.S. economy still needs crisis-era interest rates after seven years of growth, then it must be fairly fragile in the face of emerging global challenges. Markets were jittery in the run-up to this month's Fed meeting and the situation has only worsened since then.
The most worrying factor is, without a doubt, the slowing Chinese economy. At the same time, the market faces a possibly dismal earnings season, with profits expected to shrink. China does have the potential to negatively impact - directly or indirectly - the corporate outlooks.
China, which reports its GDP in the third week of October, will be a major focus for investors, particularly after the Fed blamed the weakness in the country for not hiking rates in September.
The other major factor affecting the markets is the possibility that the Fed could raise interest rates for the first time in nine years at either of the meetings to be held on Oct 28 and Dec 16.
This could mean volatility at that time.
Considering the headwinds, we doubt that there will be a significant Santa Claus rally this year.
But don't fret and don't flee. Days like these are when money is minted on the market. March ahead and scoop up strong stocks that will sail through this volatility. Don't be emotional, instead be a smart investor and fortunes will find their way into your portfolio. This is the time to be your own Santa!
With the stock market being in a correction mode, now's the time to look for the best value bargains as they hold much promise.
How to Be Your Own Santa
Forget the red coat and the white beard. All you need is our new style score system. This system helps you choose stocks with bright prospects, and their attractive valuations serve as the perfect opportunity for investors to cash in on anticipated growth.
Please note that the Zacks Style Score for value takes into account all valuation metrics to give us an actionable metric that helps identify stocks truly trading at a discount to intrinsic value. Back-tested results show that stocks with Style Scores of 'A' or 'B' when combined with a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy) or #2 (Buy) handily beat other stocks.
Based upon the above criteria, we have selected four stocks that could be promising picks for fourth-quarter 2015.
All the stocks below carry a Zacks Rank #1 and a Value Style Score of "A."
Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. CALM
Cal-Maine is one of the largest producers and distributors of fresh shell eggs in the U.S.
Right now, the company has a forward P/E of just 4.7x, which means that investors are paying $4.7 for each dollar in expected Cal-Maine's earnings this year. Compared with the industry at large, this is favorable as the overall space has an average P/E of 18.80x.
Over the past 60 days, the stock witnessed positive estimate revisions, while the Zacks Consensus Estimate climbed 37.3% to its current level of $11.55 a share for the current year.
Braskem S.A. BAK
Braskem is one of the biggest petrochemical operations in Latin America and among the five largest private companies in Brazil.
Over the past 60 days, the stock witnessed positive estimate revisions, which led the Zacks Consensus Estimate to climb 25.8% to its present level of $1.17 per share for the current year.
What's more, this stock has a P/E of only 7.17, as against the industry P/E of 10.70.
Jabil Circuit Inc. JBL
Jabil Circuit, Inc. is a worldwide independent provider of electronic manufacturing services.
Currently, Jabil has a forward P/E of 9.85, lower than the industry P/E of 12.40.
Over the last 60 days, the stock witnessed positive estimate revisions, which led the Zacks Consensus Estimate to climb 17% to its present level of $2.27 a share for the current year.
AerCap Holdings N.V. AER
AerCap is an integrated global aviation company with a leading market position in aircraft and engine leasing, trading and parts sales.
Over the past 60 days, the stock witnessed positive estimate revisions, which led the Zacks Consensus Estimate to move up 11.9% to its present level of $6.09 a share for the current year.
This stock has a P/E of just 6.2, as against the industry P/E of 11.90.
Happy Holidays!
The holiday season is here. Given the current scenario, you might think that it won't be a happy on.
Make it happy - just stick to the fundamentals and be your own Santa!
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days.Click to get this free report >>
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report
JABIL CIRCUIT (JBL): Free Stock Analysis Report
CAL-MAINE FOODS (CALM): Free Stock Analysis Report
BRASKEM SA (BAK): Free Stock Analysis Report
AERCAP HLDGS NV (AER): Free Stock Analysis Report
To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
Zacks Investment Research
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Meters To Feet
701 m to ft
701 Meters to Feet
701 Meter to Foot converter
m
=
ft
How to convert 701 meters to feet?
701 m *3.280839895 ft= 2299.8687664 ft
1 m
A common question isHow many meter in 701 foot?And the answer is 213.6648 m in 701 ft. Likewise the question how many foot in 701 meter has the answer of 2299.8687664 ft in 701 m.
How much are 701 meters in feet?
701 meters equal 2299.8687664 feet (701m = 2299.8687664ft). Converting 701 m to ft is easy. Simply use our calculator above, or apply the formula to change the weight 701 m to ft.
Convert 701 m to common lengths
UnitLength
Nanometer7.01e+11 nm
Micrometer701000000.0 µm
Millimeter701000.0 mm
Centimeter70100.0 cm
Inch27598.4251969 in
Foot2299.8687664 ft
Yard766.622922135 yd
Meter701.0 m
Kilometer0.701 km
Mile0.4355812058 mi
Nautical mile0.3785097192 nmi
701 Meter Conversion Table
701 Meter Table
Further meters to feet calculations
Alternative spelling
701 Meter to ft, 701 Meter in ft, 701 m to Feet, 701 m in Feet, 701 Meter to Foot, 701 Meter in Foot, 701 Meters to ft, 701 Meters in ft, 701 Meter to Feet, 701 Meter in Feet, 701 Meters to Feet, 701 Meters in Feet, 701 m to ft, 701 m in ft
Further Languages | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Saturday, March 27, 2010
SPFolder related operations in SharePoint
1) Get SPListItem(s) of a particular SPFolder
SPList splist;
SPFolder spfolder; //Get the required folder instance
SPQuery spquery = new SPQuery();
spquery.Query = string.Empty;
spquery.Folder = spfolder;
spquery.ViewAttributes = "Scope=\"Recursive\""; //For nested folder structure
SPListItemCollection itemCol = splist.GetItems(spquery)
2) Create a SPListItem based on a custom ContentType or SPFolder ContentType
SPWeb spweb; //get the SPWeb instance
SPContentType myCType = splist.ContentTypes["Custom content type"];
SPList splist = spweb.Lists["My SPList"];
SPListItem splistitem = splist.Items.Add();
splistitem["ContentTypeId"] = myCType.Id;
splistitem.Update();
splistitem["Title"] = "New Item";
splistitem.Update();
3) Add a SPListItem in a particular SPFolder
SPWeb spweb; //get the SPWeb instance
SPContentType myCType = splist.ContentTypes["Custom content type"];
SPList splist = spweb.Lists["My SPList"];
//get folder instance
SPFolder spfolder = splist.Folders[1];
SPListItem splistitem
= splist.Items.Add(spfolder.ServerRelativeUrl
, SPFileSystemObjectType.File, null);
splistitem["ContentTypeId"] = myCType.Id;
splistitem.Update();
splistitem["Title"] = "New Item";
splistitem.Update();
Image Preview functionality in SharePoint
Question:
How to display the Image preview without actually uploading the file in SharePoint?
Solution:
To check the image preview we can temporary move/place the file in Layout folder. Then pass URL in following format to Image control:
"/_layouts/images/MYFOLDER/MyImageName.jpg
After checking the Image preview and final upload of image file, we can delete the temporary image file from 12 hive.
Code snippet (comments are self-explanatory):
FileUpload FileUploadImage; //FileUpload control to select image file
Image myImage; //Image control to be used for preview functionality
//Getting 12 hive path through SPUtility.GetGenericSetupPath() function
string folderPath =
Microsoft.SharePoint.Utilities.SPUtility.GetGenericSetupPath("TEMPLATE")
+ "\\IMAGES\\MYFOLDER\\";
//Check folder path
if (!Directory.Exists(folderPath))
Directory.CreateDirectory(folderPath);
//Copy the image file to a temporary folder in 12 hive
File.WriteAllBytes(folderPath + FileUploadImage.FileName,
FileUploadImage.FileBytes);
/* //File.Copy() will not work in case of remote image upload
File.Copy(FileUploadImage.PostedFile.FileName,
folderPath + FileUploadImage.FileName, true);
*/
//Set the URL of image control
myImage.ImageUrl =
"/_layouts/images/MYFOLDER/" + FileUploadImage.FileName;
Note: In a similar manner we can preview media file (like *.wmv) before actual upload in SharePoint.
Custom RSS Feed in SharePoint
SharePoint provides SPList’s level RSS Feed url [SPList Toolbar > Actions > View RSS Feed].
http://<server-name:port>/_layouts/listfeed.aspx?List=List_GUID
In above URL by specifying List’s GUID we can get feeds for all records (irrespective of any SPView or of Default View).
Now consider a scenario where we want SPView specific feeds.
In File System, ListFeed.aspx file is placed at following:
C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\12\TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS\ListFeed.aspx
ListFeed.aspx refers Microsoft.SharePoint.ApplicationPages.ListFeed.cs class file. Using Reflector we can get the idea that ListFeed.aspx can accept 3 query strings as parameters: List GUID, Meeting Instance ID and View GUID.
Guid guid = new Guid(base.Request.QueryString.GetValues("List")[0]);
string[] values = base.Request.QueryString.GetValues("InstanceID");
string g = base.Request.QueryString["View"];
ListFeed.cs is using following function to get the feeds:
base.spList.WriteRssFeed(base.Response.OutputStream,
base.meetingInstanceId, this.spView);
MSDN Description of WriteRssFeed function:
public void WriteRssFeed (
Stream outputStream,
int meetingInstanceId,
SPView spView
)
Parameters
outputStream : A Stream object that represents the document stream.
meetingInstanceId : An integer value that represents the meeting instance.
spView :An SPView object that represents the view.
WriteRssFeed supports 3 overload methods:
SPList.WriteRssFeed(Stream) :
Writes the RSS feeds from the list to the specified document stream.
SPList.WriteRssFeed (Stream, Int32) :
Writes the RSS feeds from the list that are associated with the specified meeting to the specified document stream.
SPList.WriteRssFeed (Stream, Int32, SPView) :
Writes the RSS feeds from the list that are associated with the specified meeting and view to the specified document stream.
So if we want View specific feed then we have to specify all 3 parameters, but here comes the issue: what does Meeting Instance ID mean and from where we get this value?
Now to get the SPView specific feed, we can write custom RSS Feed. I referred this post- blah.winsmarts.com. I modified the original code little bit. I created a application page and instead of writing inline server code I created a class library so that I can debug the page.
HTML Code:
<%@ Page Language="C#"
Inherits="MyNameSpace.MyFeed,MyNameSpace,
Version=1.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=1d5ac09ccd41620f" %>
C# Code:
using System;
using System.Web;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.SharePoint;
namespace MyNameSpace
{
public class MyFeed
: Microsoft.SharePoint.WebControls.UnsecuredLayoutsPageBase
{
public void Page_Load()
{
try
{
Response.Write(GetRSSFromListView(
Request.QueryString["List"],
Request.QueryString["View"]));
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Response.Write("<pre>");
Response.Write(ex.ToString());
Response.Write("</pre>");
}
}
private static string GetRSSFromListView(string strListGUID,
string strViewGUID)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.Append("<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>");
sb.Append("<rss version=\"2.0\">");
using (SPSite site = new SPSite(SPContext.Current.Web.Url))
using (SPWeb web = site.OpenWeb())
{
SPList list = web.Lists[new Guid(strListGUID)];
SPView view = null;
if (strViewGUID != null)
view = list.Views[new Guid(strViewGUID)];
else
view = list.DefaultView;
sb.Append("<channel>");
AddTag("title", list.Title, sb);
AddTag("description", list.Description, sb);
SPListItemCollection items = list.GetItems(view);
foreach (SPListItem item in items)
{
sb.Append("<item>");
AddTag("title", item["LinkTitle"].ToString(), sb);
AddTag("link", list.RootFolder.Url
+ "/DispForm.aspx?ID=" + item.ID, sb);
sb.Append("<description>");
foreach (string viewField in view.ViewFields)
{
if (viewField != "LinkTitle")
{
AddTag(
viewField.Replace("_x0020_", " "),
HttpContext.Current.Server.HtmlEncode
(item.GetFormattedValue(viewField)),
sb);
}
}
sb.Append("</description>");
sb.Append("</item>");
}
sb.Append("</channel>");
sb.Append("</rss>");
}
return sb.ToString();
}
private static void AddTag(string tagText,
string tagValue, StringBuilder sb)
{
sb.Append("<");
sb.Append(tagText.Replace(" ", "_"));
sb.Append(">");
sb.Append(HttpContext.Current.Server.HtmlEncode(tagValue));
sb.Append("</");
sb.Append(tagText.Replace(" ", "_"));
sb.Append(">");
}
}
}
Now if we use the above custom RSS Feed page URL and pass it to SharePoint’s out-of-box RSS Viewer Webpart, then we will get following error:
The RSS webpart does not support authenticated feeds.
Solution -
Changing to Kerberos authentication
1. On the Central Administration page, click Application Management.
2. Under the Application Security section, click Authentication Providers.
3. Click the Default provider, and change Integrated Widows authentication from NTLM to Negotiate (Kerberos).
3 comments:
Anonymous said...
Hi
I like this post:
You create good material for community.
Please keep posting.
Let me introduce other material that may be good for net community.
Source: Operations interview questions
Best rgs
Peter
Anonymous said...
Hi
I read this post 2 times. It is very useful.
Pls try to keep posting.
Let me show other source that may be good for community.
Source: Operations interview questions
Best regards
Jonathan.
Anonymous said...
Hi
I read this post 2 times. It is very useful.
Pls try to keep posting.
Let me show other source that may be good for community.
Source: Operations interview questions
Best regards
Jonathan. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hisa Nagano
Hisa Nagano (1865 – April 8, 1901) was a Japanese nurse and medical student in Chicago.
Early life
Nagano was a student at the Doshisha Girls' School in Kyoto. In 1892, Nagano and another woman, Natsu Sakaki, went to Chicago under the care of American temperance activists, to study at the Clara Barton Training School for Nurses. They both graduated in 1893. Sakaki returned to Japan in 1895.
Career
Nagano became head nurse at Chicago Baptist Hospital, a temperance hospital, after completing her training. "She is so happy, so deft, winsome, faithful, and full of cheery courage that we all love her," explained the hospital's superintendent in 1897.
After a brief return to Japan in 1898, she decided to live in Chicago and study medicine. She enrolled in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and worked as a nurse in the city while pursuing her medical training. She also translated a Japanese novel, Morning Glory.
Personal life
Nagano enjoyed Chicago's theatre offerings and restaurants. Concerned for the effects of overwork and a harsh winter climate, the Japanese consul in Chicago Toshiro Fujita helped Nagano return to Japan to recover her health. Instead, she died from tuberculosis in Kyoto in 1901, aged 36 years. | WIKI |
Subject services api with Firebird embedded mode
Author dianedownie
Firebird 1.5 Embedded mode
Windows XP SP1
My application periodically does a backup and restore to compress the
database with the following steps:
1. backup the database
2. rename the database file to a temporary file (for failure recovery)
3. restore the database
4. cleanup the temporary file and the backup file
When I use the services api, I am unable to rename the database file
in step 2 because my process has the file open even though I detached
from the service at the end of step 1. I added a isc_service_query
call after the isc_service_start in step 1 and the file was not
locked, but this could be just timing. When I replaced the backup
and restore steps by creating a cmd line process and running gbak
(from my program directory, so presumably also running in embedded
mode), I had no locking problems.
Questions:
1) Are there known problems with the services api on Windows in
embedded mode?
2) What is the correct method to insure that the database is not open
after a services api call in embedded mode?
Thanks,
-Diane | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Patrick J. Rogers
Patrick J. Rogers (March 4, 1844 – June 21, 1897) was an Irish-American lawyer and politician from New York.
Life
Rogers was born on March 4, 1844, in Castlebar, Ireland. His father, also Patrick J. Rogers, was a Castlebar businessman, an active supporter of Daniel O'Connell, and a prominent member of Conciliation Hall from its establishment to its dissolution.
In 1861, Rogers went to America and settled in Seneca Falls, New York. In September 1864, during the American Civil War, he enlisted and was mustered into Company I, 15th New York Engineer Regiment, as a private. In January 1865, he was promoted to corporal. In June 1865, he was mustered out with his company. In June 1872, he organized Company K, 49th Regiment, National Guard of the State of New York, and was elected captain of the company. He initially worked as a mechanic, but in 1870 he was admitted to the bar and began working as a lawyer. He studied law under Gilbert Wilcoxen. A Democrat, he served as Treasurer of Seneca Falls in 1871, District Attorney of Seneca County from 1872 to 1874 and from 1878 to 1880, and Justice of the Peace in 1881. In 1882, he was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Democrat, representing Seneca County. He served in the Assembly in 1883.
In October 1886, during the first Grover Cleveland administration, Assistant Secretary of the Interior Hawkins announced Roger's appointment to the Board of Pension Appeals. He was reappointed to the Board by the Secretary of the Interior in June 1887. He left the Board in July 1888, when Congress failed to pass a legislative appropriation bill for the fiscal year before his term expired. He was instead appointed a law clerk in the Assistant Attorney-General's Office for the Interior Department. During Benjamin Harrison's presidency, he worked for a leading law firm in Washington, D.C. In October 1893, President Cleveland reappointed him to the Commission of Pension Appeals. In November 1896, he resigned from his position due to poor health. Secretary David R. Francis had him transferred to the pension department, assigned a special agent for Southern California, and sent to Los Angeles, California.
Rogers was first married to a daughter of Jeremiah Cronin, with whom he had a daughter. He later married Kate Hopkins, with whom he had two daughters and a son.
Rogers died at his home in Washington, D.C. from consumption on June 21, 1897. He was buried in Seneca Falls. | WIKI |
Talk:Đông y
RFD discussion: June–October 2019
This is a duplicate of đông y. Ekirahardian (talk) 13:12, 28 June 2019 (UTC)
* I notice that on the the term is consistently capitalized, also in sentence case. Perhaps this is similar to how in English orthography “” is consistently capitalized. If this is indeed the Vietnamese orthographic convention, should be the main entry, and an . --Lambiam 06:51, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
* RFD kept — Eru·tuon 19:03, 5 October 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
STATE of Louisiana v. Gerald BIDDY Jr.
No. 2013-KA-0356.
Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Fourth Circuit.
Nov. 20, 2013.
Leon A. Cannizzaro, Jr., District Attorney, Donald G. Cassels, III, Assistant District Attorney, Parish of Orleans, Donna Andrieu, Assistant District Attorney, Parish of Orleans, New Orleans, LA for Ap-pellee/State of Louisiana.
Katherine M. Franks, Louisiana Appellate Project, Abita Springs, LA, for Defen-danVAppellant.
Court composed of Judge TERRI F. LOVE, Judge ROLAND L. BELSOME, Judge ROSEMARY LEDET.
ROSEMARY LEDET, Judge.
hln this criminal case, the defendant, Gerald Biddy, Jr., appeals his conviction and sentence. For the reasons that follow, we affirm his conviction, but we remand to the district court for it to rule on Mr. Biddy’s outstanding motion to reconsider sentence.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
On July 18, 2011, Gerald Biddy was charged by bill of information with one count of theft of over $1,500.00 in violation of La. R.S. UfflCBM)- On July 25, 2011, Mr. Biddy was arraigned and entered a plea of not guilty. At this time, the trial judge informed Mr. Biddy of his right to select either a jury trial or a bench trial. On September 14, 2011, the district court found probable cause to substantiate the charges and set the matter for trial. On October 18, 2011, Mr. Biddy filed a written notice of election of a bench trial. On March 19, 2012, the 1 gtrial was held. The minute entry states that after the trial court advised Mr. Biddy of his right to select a jury or a bench trial, Mr. Biddy selected a bench trial. The trial judge found Mr. Biddy guilty as charged and set the matter for sentencing.
On April 25, 2012, the trial judge sentenced Mr. Biddy to serve five years at hard labor with credit for time served. On that same date, Mr. Biddy filed an oral motion to reconsider the sentence. This appeal followed. The record on appeal reflects that Mr. Biddy’s motion to reconsider sentence remains outstanding.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS
The theft charge arises from a construction contract, dated July 3, 2007, between Mr. Biddy and the victim, Rosemary Cold-man (the “Contract”). The Contract provided for Mr. Biddy to perform work on Ms. Coldman’s Hurricane Katrina-damaged home. Before entering into the Contract, Ms. Coldman met with Mr. Biddy to discuss the details and the prices that he would charge for performing the work. At the meeting, Mr. Biddy brought an illustration of the proposed construction for the property and a draw schedule. The draw schedule outlined the work to be performed and estimated the amount Mr. Biddy would be paid at various phases in construction. Shortly thereafter, on June 15, 2007, Ms. Coldman wrote Mr. Biddy a check for $500.00 as a retainer fee and for design and paperwork for the layout of the house.
On July 3, 2007, Ms. Coldman and Mr. Biddy entered into the Contract. Under the Contract, Mr. Biddy agreed to provide architectural and engineering plans, complete the foundation, build the shell (exterior) of the house, install plumbing, and paint the exterior of the house. The total price for the work was $83,880.00. The Contract provided that the work would begin on July 16, 2007, and be completed by October 16, 2007. On the day the Contract was executed, |sMs. Coldman wrote a second check to Mr. Biddy for $10,065.60 — for eighty percent of the work that was to be performed on the foundation.
On July 6, 2007, Ms. Coldman wrote two more checks to Mr. Biddy in the amounts of $2,400.00 (for the installation of ground plumbing) and $3,100.00 (for the balance owed for the architectural and engineering design plans). The total payments that Ms. Coldman made to Mr. Biddy, by the four checks, was $16,065.60.
On August 7, 2007, Ms. Coldman executed a document authorizing Mr. Biddy to act as her agent to obtain the necessary permits to construct her home while she was away on vacation. She testified that, to her knowledge, Mr. Biddy never obtained the requisite paperwork or permits. When Ms. Coldman returned from her vacation in mid-September 2007, she drove by her property and discovered that no work had been performed. Ms. Coldman took photographs of the condition of her property, which showed that the foundation slab remained on her property. Cin-derblocks were set out on her lot near the existing foundation. Ms. Coldman stated that she was expecting when she came back from vacation to find more than just cinderblocks on her property; indeed, she was expecting to see her house substantially completed.
Thereafter, Ms. Coldman attempted to contact Mr. Biddy by phone; however, he never answered her calls. Despite leaving several messages, Mr. Biddy never returned her calls. On October 16, 2007, after approximately three weeks of unre-turned messages, Ms. Coldman emailed Mr. Biddy. In her email, she requested that he return her money and any paperwork he obtained in her name from City Hall. She threatened to go to the district attorney’s office and to sue him for breach of contract. Two days later, Mr. Biddy responded to the email. In his l4response, he indicated that the delay in construction was due to ongoing negotiations with plumbers, a change order, and his knee surgery.
According to Ms. Coldman, a mutual acquaintance, “Mr. Landry”, ran into Mr. Biddy at a local restaurant, a Church’s Chicken. Mr. Landry arranged for a meeting at his house between Ms. Coleman and Mr. Biddy. Ms. Coldman testified that Mr. Biddy never showed up for the meeting.
On November 19, 2007, Ms. Coldman sent Mr. Biddy a registered letter, which stated:
Mr. Biddy Jr. I have been calling you since October 19, 2007 concerning my property. The last time we talked you needed a plumber to go cap off the water, I got one for you. He faxed you a price you never got back to him about doing the work. I have a copy of the fax he sent to you with a price, so I know he got back with you. Gerald at this point I just want my money back and receipt. I am trying not to take you to court, but if I have to I will. So would you please get in touch with me.? [sic] I waited two hours for you on 11-15, 2007 by Albert/s house.
Ms. Coldman testified that she did not receive a response to her registered letter. The letter apparently went to the wrong address and was returned. Ms. Coldman testified that she sent the letter to the New Orleans address where she first met Mr. Biddy because she believed that was where Mr. Biddy was staying. She acknowledged that Mr. Biddy provided her with a Georgia address.
On cross-examination, Ms. Coldman stated that before she executed the Contract, she met with Mr. Biddy and discussed the removal of the foundation on her property. She testified that Mr. Biddy had indicated that he wanted to put [scinderblocks on the existing foundation, but she wanted the foundation removed because it was already sinking. Ms. Cold-man admitted that the draw schedule she was shown in June 2007 did not have a line on it for foundation removal. She also admitted that the Contract did not provide for removal of the slab. Nonetheless, she testified that she believed the phrase “foundation completed” entailed its removal. Ms. Coldman stated that Mr. Biddy knew he had to remove the foundation to build her home and agreed to do so; otherwise, she would not have executed the contract. She admitted, however, that the contract did not specifically provide in writing that Mr. Biddy had to remove the slab. Ms. Coldman testified that at no point did she order Mr. Biddy to stop working. Ms. Coldman stated that she has since had the slab removed and entered into a contract with another contractor to rebuild her house for $106,000.00.
Ms. Coldman admitted that the Contract did not state that Mr. Biddy was to rebuild her house from the ground up; rather, it only provided for Mr. Biddy to complete the plans, the foundation, the frame, the plumbing, and the exterior. Ms. Coldman, however, explained that Mr. Biddy verbally agreed to rebuild her entire house. Ms. Coldman admitted that this agreement was not put into writing. She further explained that initially a man named Mr. Abbott was going to do the inside, but Mr. Biddy advised her that Mr. Abbott was too slow, “pushed him out of the |fideal[,] ... and said that he [Mr. Biddy] was going to do the whole thing, everything, inside and out.”
The parties stipulated that Matthew Mitchell, a defense witness who was subpoenaed but failed to appear at trial, would have testified to the following: that he worked for Mr. Biddy in 2007 and was hired to work on Ms. Coldman’s home; that he and Mr. Biddy cleared the lot of overgrown grass and cut down a tree on her property; that the plan was to use the foundation that was already on the property for the new construction; that Mr. Biddy purchased bricks/bloeks and had hired a man to work on the foundation; that the job was stopped after he and Mr. Biddy laid the blocks out for the foundation because of disagreement about the foundation; and that they then restacked the blocks on the property. Although the State agreed Mr. Mitchell would testify as to these facts, it did not stipulate as to the veracity of those statements.
Mr. Biddy testified that he was living in Atlanta, Georgia. He listed his prior employment as including: working for the United States Air Force in the civil engineering squad, working for the City of Houston dealing with code compliance and public utilities, working as a public building inspector for another city in Texas, and owning his own construction and trucking company. He stated that in 2006 he had worked construction in Louisiana for an affiliate of a Houston based company. Mr. Biddy testified that he was licensed as a contractor in Texas, but not in Louisiana.
Mr. Biddy testified that he obtained Ms. Coldman’s name through a referral. He subsequently met with her to see if he could help her rebuild her Hurricane Katrina-damaged home. He discovered that if her home was rebuilt on the existing foundation, it could be grandfathered in, and she would not be subject to the [ 7stricter post-Katrina building code requirements. During the course of these discussions Ms. Coldman paid him a $500.00 retainer fee. He denied agreeing to remove the slab on her property. He explained that it would have required adhering to the stricter building code requirements; thus, it would have caused the contract price to increase “two-fold.” Mr. Biddy noted that neither the draw schedule, nor the Contract provided for removal of the foundation.
Mr. Biddy also denied ever agreeing to rebuild Ms. Coldman’s entire home. Rather, he testified that he only agreed to do the five items listed in the Contract— prepare the architectural engineering plans, complete the foundation, do “top-out” plumbing, build the frame, and paint the exterior of the home. Mr. Biddy testified that he and Mr. Mitchell began working on the project by clearing the lot on two occasions. During that time, a change order was being negotiated. They subsequently put the cinderblocks out on the foundation in order to raise it to the three feet required with the intention of putting one foot of deck board on top. After they put the cinderblocks on the slab, Ms. Coldman informed him that she wanted the slab removed. Mr. Biddy stated this “add on” by Ms. Coldman caused them to stop working.
Mr. Biddy stated that the reason he did not complete the foundation was because he and Ms. Coldman had a dispute. Mr. Biddy testified that he met with Ms. Cold-man numerous times attempting to explain that pouring a new foundation would double the cost to build. He further testified that eventually she just “kind |sof fell off the radar.” Mr. Biddy said that Ms. Cold-man wanted him to “absorb almost twenty to forty thousand dollars’ worth of material and labor,” and he refused. As a result, he decided to “exercise” the “material breach of the contract” clause set forth in the Contract.
Mr. Biddy stated that he had given Ms. Coldman his Atlanta address and that he never received the November 2007 letter from Ms. Coldman because it was sent to a UPS store box in Atlanta. He testified that he was prepared to go forward with the construction until Ms. Coldman ordered him to stop. He further testified that he had hired several other individuals, in addition to Mr. Mitchell, to work on the project.
On cross-examination, Mr. Biddy admitted that by July 16, 2007, the date Mr. Biddy was supposed to begin work, he had obtained approximately $16,000.00 of Ms. Coldman’s money. He agreed that the photograph depicting the slab and cinder-blocks on Ms. Coldman’s property did not represent $16,000.00 worth of work. Mr. Biddy also agreed that he was supposed to complete the job by October 16, 2007, but had not done so.
Mr. Biddy admitted he was not a licensed contractor in Louisiana. He explained that he did not need a license if the job was below $75,000.00. Although the Contract with Ms. Coldman exceeded that amount, he explained that the Contract for him and his organization did not go above $75,000.00. He stated that he did not have the alleged change order with him in writing and did not bring the medical documents showing that his knee was injured during the Contract period. |9Mr. Biddy testified that he hired his own plumber for the project, but he admitted that no plumbing work had been done on her property despite receiving $2,400.00 for it.
According to Mr. Biddy, he attempted to resolve the dispute with Ms. Coldman over the project several times. Contrary to Ms. Coldman’s testimony, Mr. Biddy said that he did in fact meet with Ms. Coldman at Mr. Landry’s house. He testified that if Ms. Coldman wanted to dispute the issue, she should have exercised the arbitration clause provided in the Contract. Mr. Biddy stated that he would have participated in arbitration proceedings if they were initiated by Ms. Coldman, and he would have paid her money back if the arbitrator awarded it to her.
ERRORS PATENT
A review of the record for errors patent reveals that the district court failed to rule on Mr. Biddy’s motion to reconsider sentence. State v. James, 05-1468, p. 3 (La.App. 4 Cir. 10/4/06), 942 So.2d 569, 570. After the district court imposed a five year sentence, Mr. Biddy orally moved to reconsider the sentence. Defense counsel stated: “[f|or the record, Judge, I would ask that a Motion to Reconsider the Sentence be filed in the record.” The district court responded: “Okay. A Motion to Reconsider the Sentence is in the record.” The district court, however, did not rule on Mr. Biddy’s oral motion to reconsider; no written motion | inwas ever filed. See La. C.Cr.P. art. 881.1(B) (motion to reconsider shall be oral at the time of sentence or shall be in writing thereafter).
Appellate courts are authorized, by statute, to remand to the district court, when appropriate, for a ruling on an outstanding motion to reconsider sentence. See La.C.Cr.P. art. 881.4(C) (providing that “[i]f necessary to an appropriate disposition of a motion to reconsider sentence, the appellate court may remand the case to the district court with instructions to supplement the record or to hold an evidentiary hearing.”) Moreover, this court consistently has refused to consider sentencing issues on appeal when there is an outstanding motion to reconsider sentence. Accordingly, we are required to remand this case to the district court for it to rule on Mr. Biddy’s outstanding motion to reconsider sentence. This determination renders Mr. Biddy’s third assignment of error, challenging the excessiveness of his sentence, premature. See State v. Allen, 99-2579, p. 11 (La.App. 4 Cir. 1/24/01), 781 So.2d 88, 94. A trial court’s failure to determine a motion to reconsider sentence, however, does not preclude review of the conviction. State v. Foster, 02-0256, p. 3 (La.App. 4 Cir. 9/11/02), 828 So.2d 72, 74.
U,DISCUSSION
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER 1
Mr. Biddy’s first assignment of error is that the evidence is insufficient to support his conviction. This Court in State v. Brown, 12-0626, pp. 6-8 (La.App. 4 Cir. 4/10/13), 115 So.3d 564, 570-71, set forth the standard for evaluating a sufficiency of the evidence claim as follows:
In evaluating whether evidence is constitutionally sufficient to support a conviction, an appellate court must determine whether, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979); State v. Green, 588 So.2d 757 (La.App. 4th Cir.1991). However, the reviewing court may not disregard this duty simply because the record contains evidence that tends to support each fact necessary to constitute the crime. State v. Mussall, 523 So.2d 1305 (La.1988). The reviewing court must consider the record as a whole. If rational triers of fact could disagree as to the interpretation of the evidence, the rational trier’s view of all the evidence most favorable to the prosecution must be adopted. The fact finder’s discretion will be impinged upon only to the extent necessary to guarantee the fundamental protection of due process of law. Id. at 1310. “[A] reviewing court is not called upon to decide whether it believes the witnesses or whether the conviction is contrary to the weight of the evidence.” State v. Smith, 600 So.2d 1319, 1324 (La.1992).
When circumstantial evidence forms the basis of the conviction, such evidence must consist of proof of collateral facts and circumstances from which the existence of the main fact may be inferred according to reason and common experience. State v. Shapiro, 431 So.2d 372 (La.1982). The elements must be proven such that every reasonable hypothesis of innocence is excluded. La. R.S. 15:438. This is not a separate test from the Jackson reasonable doubt standard; rather, it is an evidentiary guideline to facilitate appellate review of whether a rational juror could have found a defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Wright, 445 So.2d 1198 (La.1984). All evidence, direct and circumstantial, must meet the Jackson reasonable doubt standard. State v. Jacobs, 504 So.2d 817 (La.1987).
Id.
In the instant case, Mr. Biddy was charged and convicted of theft in violation of La. R.S. 14:67, which at the time of the offense provided:
A. Theft is the misappropriation or taking of anything of value which belongs to another, either without the consent of the other to the misappropriation or taking, or by means of fraudulent conduct, practices, or representations. An intent to deprive the other permanently of whatever may be the subject of the misappropriation or taking is essential.
B. (1) Whoever commits the crime of theft when the misappropriation or taking amounts to a value of five hundred dollars or more shall be imprisoned, with or without hard labor, for not more than ten years, or may be fined not more than three thousand dollars, or both.
The State was required to prove the following essential elements beyond a reasonable doubt: (1) that the defendant misappropriated or took by means of fraudulent conduct, practices, or representations; (2) a thing of value; (3) that belonged to another; and (4) that the defendant had the intent to deprive the owner permanently of that which was misappropriated or taken. State v. Brown, 08-1434, p. 5 (La.App. 4 Cir. 3/18/09), 7 So.3d 1238, 1241 (citing State v. Pittman, 368 So.2d 708, 710 (La.1979)); La. R.S. 14:67(A). The State also was required to prove the value of the stolen property, which determines the severity of the theft and the punishment for a convicted offender. Brown, 08-1434 at pp. 5-6, 7 So.3d at 1241 (citing State v. Monterroso, 96-376, p. 5 (La.App. 5 Cir. 11/14/96), 685 So.2d 249, 251); La. R.S. 14:67(B).
113Theft is a crime of specific intent. Specific intent is “that state of mind which exists when the circumstances indicate that the offender actively desired the prescribed criminal consequences to follow his act or failure to act.” La. R.S. 14:10(1). Specific intent may be inferred from the circumstances of a transaction and from the actions of the accused. Further, specific intent is a legal conclusion to be resolved by the fact finder. State v. Graham, 420 So.2d 1126, 1128 (La.1982) (citation omitted).
On appeal, Mr. Biddy claims that the evidence is insufficient to support his conviction because the State failed to prove that he took money from Ms. Cold-man without her consent or by fraudulent conduct and that he intended to permanently deprive her of the funds Ms. Cold-man paid him. Mr. Biddy points out that he never misrepresented to Ms. Coldman that he was a licensed Louisiana contractor because his Texas license number was listed on the Contract. He further notes that the State did not present evidence to refute his testimony that “because the price for the actual residence, as opposed to the prep work, fees, did not exceed a designated amount, a contractor’s license was not required at the time.” To support this contention, Mr. Biddy cites State v. Greene, 09-2723 (La.1/19/11), 55 So.3d 775, which looked to evidence of the contractor’s fraudulent representation of his status as a licensed contractor as proof of his intent to defraud under La. R.S. 14:68, the lesser included offense of unauthorized use of a movable. Mr. Biddy contends that his testimony that he would have participated in arbitration and paid any judgment awarded shows that he did not intend to permanently deprive Ms. Coldman of the amount owed.
Theft under La. R.S. 14:67 is not limited to situations in which a defendant has the intent to defraud at the time he takes possession; it also includes a | ^defendant’s “misappropriation” by fraudulent conduct of what is already in his possession. State v. Frost, 11-1658, p. 8 (La.App. 4 Cir. 9/5/12), 99 So.3d 1075, 1079-80. “[A] defendant can form an intent to steal after taking possession of property through honest means.” Frost, 11-1658 at p. 9, 99 So.3d at 1080 (citing State v. Hayes, 01-3193, p. 7 (La.1/28/03), 837 So.2d 1195, 1199). “[T]he timing of a defendant’s intent to deprive permanently is inconsequential, and the inquiry into that intent should focus only on whether such an intent was actually formed.” Frost, 11-1658 at p. 10, 99 So.3d at 1081 (citing State v. Pellerin, 118 La. 547, 43 So. 159, 161 (1907)).
Thus, the fact that Mr. Biddy did not initially make misrepresentations to Ms. Coldman — as to his contractor status or otherwise — does not mean that he did not subsequently form an intent to misappropriate the money that she paid him. Moreover, Mr. Biddy’s suggestion that he “would have” attempted to fulfill the contract or to repay Ms. Coldman if she had initiated arbitration does not necessarily negate a finding of criminal intent because whether or not Mr. Biddy had the requisite intent is a question of fact that may be inferred from the circumstances. See Frost, 11-1658 at p. 9, 99 So.3d at 1080-81 (upholding theft conviction of a contractor despite that no misrepresentations were made by the contractor at the outset where his subsequent conduct, which included avoiding the victim, stopping work on the construction project, and failing to repay the victim, evidenced an intent to misappropriate the money he was paid).
In the present case, viewing all of the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, a rational trier of fact could conclude that Mr. Biddy intended to permanently deprive Ms. Coldman of money in excess of $500.00 without her consent or by fraudulent means.
11sMs. Coldman’s testimony provides that she paid a total of $16,065.60 for Mr. Biddy to rebuild her home and that other than placing cinderblocks on top of her existing foundation, which she alleged was not part of their agreement, no work was performed on her property. Ms. Coldman also stated that she attempted to contact Mr. Biddy on several occasions regarding the lack of work being performed on her lot but had trouble getting in touch with Mr. Biddy. Ms. Coldman further testified that she did not tell Mr. Biddy to stop working on her home and that Mr. Biddy has made no attempt to reimburse her for the monies owed.
Mr. Biddy did not dispute at trial that he was paid over $16,000.00 to work on Ms. Coldman’s home. He admitted that he did not perform $16,000.00 worth of work on Ms. Coldman’s property; however, he claimed that in addition to placing the cinderblocks on the foundation, he removed debris and a tree from the lot. Ms. Coldman, on the other hand, stated that the tree remained on her property until 2010. The photograph of her property that the State introduced into evidence also reflected that Mr. Biddy did not clear the tree as it was visible in the photograph taken in September 2007.
Nonetheless, even assuming Mr. Biddy did perform some work on Ms. Coldman’s property, a trier of fact is not precluded from concluding that a defendant intended to permanently deprive the homeowner of her money because, as noted earlier, intent can be inferred from the circumstances. See State v. McMillian, 10-0812, pp. 7-8 (La.App. 4 Cir. 5/18/11), 65 So.3d 801, 805-06 (upholding conviction of contractor for theft when the contractor, after receiving money from victim, completed only three substandard tasks and did not return to the job site to complete the work). The record reflects that Mr. Biddy was paid 11fi$10,065.60 for eighty percent of the work that was to be performed on the foundation, $2,400.00 for plumbing, and $3,600.00 (the initial $500.00 retainer plus the $3,100.00 balance) for the architectural and engineering design plans, and that none of these tasks were completed. Thus, despite the testimony indicating that Mr. Biddy may have performed some work, which is contested by Ms. Coldman, Mr. Biddy failed to complete the work for which he was compensated.
Moreover, the fact that Mr. Biddy demanded and accepted payment from Ms. Coldman for the construction of her home and that Mr. Biddy did not use the money for that purpose also supports a finding that Mr. Biddy misappropriated the money without Ms. Coldman’s consent, by fraudulent representations, or both. See Frost, 11-1658 at p. 9, 99 So.3d at 1080-81; State v. Johnson, 11-1513, p. 6 (La.App. 4 Cir. 9/5/12), 99 So.3d 1057, 1061 (evidence was sufficient to convict a contractor of theft where the contractor accepted a large sum of money, only laid the foundation of the property, used a portion of the funds to keep his business operational, and failed to repay the victim the funds she paid him).
Mr. Biddy, however, insisted in his testimony that the reason he did not complete the construction project was because he and Ms. Coldman had a dispute concerning the removal of the slab and because she ordered him to stop working. He stated that he attempted to resolve this issue. To do so, he met with Ms. Coldman several times and tried to explain to her that more funds were necessary to pour a new foundation on her property. Mr. Biddy further testified that if Ms. Coldman would have availed herself of the arbitration clause in the Contract, he 117would have participated and paid any judgment awarded to her. Mr. Biddy’s testimony thus conflicts with Ms. Coldman’s testimony regarding what transpired between them.
Conflicting statements as to factual matters relate to the weight, not the sufficiency, of the evidence. State v. Jones, 537 So.2d 1244, 1249 (La.App. 4th Cir.1989). Such factual determinations rest solely with the trier of fact who may accept or reject, in whole or in part, the testimony of any witness. Id. A trier of fact’s determination as to the credibility of a witness is a question of fact entitled to great weight, and its determination will not be disturbed unless it is clearly contrary to the evidence. State v. Vessell, 450 So.2d 938, 943 (La.1984) (citations omitted); State v. James, 09-1188, p. 4 (La.App. 4 Cir. 2/24/10), 32 So.3d 993, 996 (citation omitted).
In this case, the Contract provided for Mr. Biddy to complete the foundation, but it did not specifically state what completion of the foundation meant. Thus, whether the parties agreed for Mr. Biddy to simply build on top of the existing foundation or to pour a new slab was a question of fact based on the credibility of the witnesses. Ms. Coldman testified that she had discussed with Mr. Biddy that she wanted her old foundation removed because it was sinking and that Mr. Biddy had agreed to do so. She also testified that she would not have executed the Contract otherwise. Mr. Biddy, however, stated that the plan was to use the existing foundation to avoid having to comply with the stricter building code requirements and to keep the price of the Contract down. The district court apparently believed Ms. Coldman’s testimony over that of Mr. Biddy.
11sThe district court also heard Ms. Cold-man’s and Mr. Biddy’s testimony concerning their communication during the contractual period and their efforts to work out the payment and slab issues. As noted earlier, Ms. Coldman testified that she made repeated requests for a refund and that Mr. Biddy never attempted to reimburse her. She also stated that Mr. Biddy refused to return her phone calls. Other than an email dated October 18, 2007, Mr. Biddy avoided contact with Ms. Coldman. On the other hand, Mr. Biddy testified that he met with Ms. Coldman at the home of a mutual acquaintance, Mr. Landry. Mr. Biddy also stated that he had attempted to resolve the slab dispute on numerous occasions and would have repaid Ms. Cold-man had she successfully pursued arbitration. The district court, again, as it is entitled to do as the trier of fact, chose to accept Ms. Coldman’s testimony and to reject Mr. Biddy’s hypothesis of innocence.
A review of the evidence and testimony does not suggest that the district judge’s decision to convict Mr. Biddy was contrary to the evidence. The record establishes that Ms. Coldman paid Mr. Biddy $16,065.60 to perform work on her home that was never completed. There is also evidence in the record that Mr. Biddy avoided contact with Ms. Coldman, ceased working on her house, and made no attempt to reimburse Ms. Coldman the funds she paid him. A rational trier of fact could infer — based on Mr. Biddy’s actions and the surrounding circumstances— that Mr. Biddy intended to permanently deprive Ms. Coldman of the money owed to her in excess of $500.00. This assignment of error lacks merit.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER 2
Mr. Biddy claims in his second assignment of error that the record does not reflect that he made a knowing and intelligent waiver of his right to trial by jury.
119Both the United States Constitution and the Louisiana Constitution guarantee an accused the right to a jury trial. U.S. Const, amend. VI; La. Const, art. I, § 17. If the punishment that may be imposed on a defendant exceeds six months confinement, the Louisiana Constitution provides that the defendant shall be tried by a jury; however, in non-capital cases “a defendant may knowingly and intelligently waive his right to a trial by jury.” La. Const, art. I, § 17. The method for making the selection is set forth in La.C.Cr.P. art. 780, which provides:
A. A defendant charged with an offense other than one punishable by death may knowingly and intelligently waive a trial by jury and elect to be tried by the judge. At the time of arraignment, the defendant in such cases shall be informed by the court of his right to waive trial by jury.
B. The defendant shall exercise his right to waive trial by jury in accordance with the time limits set forth in Article 521. However, with permission of the court, he may exercise his right to waive trial by jury at any time prior to commencement of trial.
| ?,nThe waiver of the right to a jury trial cannot be presumed. State v. McCarroll, 337 So.2d 475, 480 (La.1976); State v. Santee, 02-0693, p. 3 (La.App. 4 Cir. 12/4/02), 834 So.2d 533, 534 (citation omitted). A waiver of the right to trial by jury is valid only if the defendant acted knowingly and voluntarily. State v. Kahey, 436 So.2d 475, 486 (La.1983); Santee, 02-0693 at p. 3, 834 So.2d at 534. Although the trial judge must determine if the defendant’s jury trial waiver is knowing and intelligent, the determination does not require a Boykin-like colloquy. Santee, 02-0693 at p. 3, 834 So.2d at 535 (citation omitted).
The Louisiana Supreme Court and this court have recognized that while the preferred method is for the district court to advise a defendant of his right to trial by jury in open court before obtaining a waiver, that preferred practice is not statutorily required. State v. Pierre, 02-2665, p. 1 (La.3/28/03), 842 So.2d 321, 322; State v. Richardson, 575 So.2d 421, 424 (La.App. 4th Cir.1991). Likewise, it is preferred, but not necessary, for the defendant to waive his or her right to jury trial personally. Pierre, 02-2665 at p. 1, 842 So.2d at 322; State v. Wolfe, 98-0345, pp. 6-7 (La.App. 4 Cir. 4/21/99), 738 So.2d 1093, 1097. The jurisprudence has recognized that a knowing and intelligent waiver of a defendant’s right to a jury trial can be made even if the preferred practice of obtaining such a waiver is not followed.
The Louisiana Supreme Court in State v. Phillips, 365 So.2d 1304, 1309 (La.1978), upheld a waiver by defense counsel when the defendant was present in |g1 court and failed to object when defense counsel made the waiver. Similarly, this Court in both Santee, 02-0693 at p. 4, 834 So.2d at 534-35, and Wolfe, 98-0345 at pp. 6-7, 738 So.2d at 1097-98, held that a defendant’s failure to object when his counsel informed the court that a bench trial had been chosen is to be construed against the defendant in determining the validity of the waiver made while he was present in court. See State v. Peters, 10-0326, p. 9 (La.App. 4 Cir. 2/16/11), 60 So.3d 672, 678, writ denied, 11-0494 (La.9/30/11), 71 So.3d 279.
In the instant case, the record reflects that Mr. Biddy was represented by counsel and that he was advised of the right to jury or bench trial at his arraignment. Mr. Biddy was also informed at the preliminary hearing that he had “the right to select his method of trial” and that he should “select a Judge or Jury Trial” forty-five days prior to the trial date. The transcript of the hearing reflects that defense counsel conferred with Mr. Biddy, and defense counsel then advised the district court that .the selection would be made at a later date. Subsequently, on October 13, 2011, defense counsel filed a “Notice of Election of Bench Trial,” which specifically stated that Mr. Biddy “waive[d] his right to trial by jury in this matter and elect[ed] to proceed to trial before the Court alone.” The discussion noted in the preliminary hearing transcript and the subsequently filed notice suggests that defense counsel had conferred with Mr. Biddy at length about the waiver before electing a bench trial. Additionally, on the morning of trial, the trial judge asked defense counsel “[n]ow, this gentleman has chosen a Judge Trial, is that right?” Defense counsel replied: ‘Tes, sir.” Mr. Biddy was present when defense counsel confirmed that Mr. Biddy had selected a bench trial, and Mr. Biddy made no objection to his counsel’s statement. As in the Wolfe and San tee cases, Mr. Biddy’s failure to object to defense counsel’s waiver is construed |22against him. The trial transcript also reveals that Mr. Biddy testified in his own defense, was alert, and was able to answer the attorneys’ questions. The record thus reflects that Mr. Biddy understood the proceedings and the issue of waiving his rights.
Although Mr. Biddy did not personally waive his right to jury trial in open court, which is the preferred practice under the Louisiana jurisprudence, the record establishes that he knowingly and intelligently waived his right to a jury trial. As discussed above, our finding that Mr. Biddy made a knowing and intelligent waiver is established by the following facts: the written notice waiving the jury that was filed by defense counsel after conferring with Mr. Biddy, defense counsel’s confirmation of Mr. Biddy’s request for judge trial, Mr. Biddy’s silence after defense counsel’s statement, and Mr. Biddy’s understanding and awareness of the proceedings. See Denson, 11-0517 at p. 8, 83 So.3d at 1189 (finding that the defendant knowingly and intelligently waived his right to trial by jury where the defendant’s counsel affirmed that defendant had chosen a judge trial, and the defendant did not object at that time or on the day of trial). Accordingly, Mr. Biddy’s second assignment of error lacks merit.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER 3
In his final assignment of error, Mr. Biddy argues that the district court imposed an excessive sentence and failed to provide adequate reasons for imposing the sentence. As noted, given the record indicates that the district court failed to rule on Mr. Biddy’s motion to reconsider sentence, a review of this issue is premature. See Allen, 99-2579 at p. 1011, 781 So.2d at 94.
DECREE
| güFor the foregoing reasons, the defendant’s conviction is affirmed. This case, is remanded to the district court for a ruling on the defendant’s outstanding motion to reconsider sentence. The defendant’s right to appeal the district court’s ruling on his motion to reconsider sentence and his sentence are reserved.
CONVICTION AFFIRMED, REMANDED WITH INSTRUCTIONS.
. The bill of information originally stated that August 7, 2007, was the date of the theft. On March 19, 2012, the bill was amended to state that the theft occurred during the period of June 5, 2007, through November 15, 2007. Although the bill charged Mr. Biddy with theft of over $1,500.00, at the time that Mr. Biddy committed the alleged theft, La. R.S. 14:67(B)(1) provided for theft of property valued over $500.00, and there was no separate category for theft over $1,500.00. Nonetheless, we find this error harmless given the charged amount exceeds $500.00 and given the trial court sentenced Mr. Biddy within the sentencing guidelines required by the statute at the time of the offense (the maximum sentence for both theft of $1,500.00 under the current statute and for theft of $500.00 under the 2007 statute is ten years).
. According to Ms. Coldman, the "change order” mentioned in Mr. Biddy's email was in reference to the fact that her water had to be cut off from the city’s water by a plumber before Mr. Biddy could install any plumbing. She testified that Mr. Biddy never contacted the plumber that she hired for the job.
. Albert Landry is the individual who apparently introduced Mr. Biddy and Ms. Coldman.
. The State introduced the following exhibits into evidence: the Contract; the June 2007 draw schedule; the four checks Ms. Coldman wrote to Mr. Biddy; the document authorizing Mr. Biddy to act as Ms. Coldman’s agent; two photographs Ms. Coldman took of the property in September of 2007; the October 2007 emails; the November 19, 2007 letter; and Ms. Coldman's receipt for $1,600.00 for slab removal.
. Ms. Coldman testified that she only had one tree on her lot, which remained on her lot until approximately 2010, and that Mr. Biddy never removed the tree.
. Mr. Biddy stated that the photographs, which the State introduced into evidence, were taken after he removed the blocks off the slab so he could do the change order.
.Mr. Biddy stated that he also hired James Jefferson, a masonry contractor; Darryl Coleman, a commercial landscaper; Jeffery Matthews, who assisted with the design and engineering aspect; and others he brought in from Alabama to help him work on Ms. Cold-man’s home.
. The defense introduced into evidence the construction contract that Ms. Coldman entered into in 2009 for $106,000; the October 2007 email exchange between Ms. Coldman and Mr. Biddy; and the stipulation.
. The State claims in its brief that the trial court denied Mr. Biddy’s oral motion to reconsider; however, neither the transcript nor the minute entries reflect that such a ruling was made.
. See State v. Davis, 00-0275, pp. 10-11 (La.App. 4 Cir. 2/14/01), 781 So.2d 633, 640 (issue of excessive sentence not properly before the court of appeal where district court did not rule on the defendant’s motion to reconsider sentence); State v. Foster, 02-0256, p. 3 (La.App. 4 Cir. 9/11/02), 828 So.2d 72, 74 (it is procedurally incorrect to review a defendant’s sentence prior to the district court's ruling on a motion to reconsider sentence); State v. Allen, 99-2579, p. 12 (La.App. 4 Cir. 1/24/01), 781 So.2d 88, 95 (issue of excessive sentence not considered or addressed where district court did not rule on the defendant’s motion to reconsider sentence); State v. Ferrand, 03-1746, p. 3 (La.App. 4 Cir. 1/14/04), 866 So.2d 322, 324; State v. Hailey, 02-1738, p. 4 (La.App. 4 Cir. 9/17/03), 863 So.2d 564, 566; see also State v. Bolden, 03-266, p. 22 (La.App. 5 Cir. 7/29/03), 852 So.2d 1050, 1064-65; State v. Sanders, 618 So.2d 904, 905 (La.App. 1st Cir.1993).
. See State v. Sparkman, 08-0472, pp. 6-7 (La.App. 4 Cir. 1/28/09), 5 So.3d 891, 895 (noting that the Jackson standard is legislatively embodied in La.C.Cr.P. art. 821(B), which provides that a "post-verdict judgment of acquittal shall be granted only if the court finds that the evidence, viewed in a light most favorable to the state, does not reasonably permit a finding of guilty.”)
. Mr. Biddy states in his brief that he had no notice that the dispute with Ms. Coldman could result in a criminal action; however, the record reflects that Ms. Coldman notified Mr. Biddy of her intention to bring the matter to the district attorney’s office.
. The Louisiana Legislature in 2013, subsequent to the trial in this case, amended La. C.Cr.P. art. 780; as amended, Article 780 provides:
A. A defendant charged with an offense other than one punishable by death may knowingly and intelligently waive a trial by jury and elect to be tried by the judge. At the time of arraignment, the defendant in such cases shall be informed by the court of his right to waive trial by jury.
B. The defendant shall exercise his right to waive trial by jury in accordance with the time limits set forth in Article 521. However, with permission of the court, he may exercise his right to waive trial by jury at any time prior to the commencement of trial Article I, Section 17 of the Constitution of Louisiana. The waiver shall be by written motion filed in the district court not later than forty-five days prior to the date the case is set for trial. The motion shall be signed by the defendant and shall also be signed by defendant's counsel unless the defendant has waived his right to counsel.
C. The defendant may withdraw a waiver of trial by jury unless the court finds that withdrawal of the waiver would result in interference with the administration of justice, unnecessary delay, unnecessary inconvenience to witnesses, or prejudice to the state. With the consent of the district attorney the defendant may waive trial by jury within forty-five days prior to the commencement of trial.
D. A waiver of trial by jury is irrevocable and cannot be withdrawn by the defendant.
. See State v. Kahey, 436 So.2d 475, 486 (La.1983); State v. Denson, 11-0517, p. 7 (La.App. 4 Cir. 1/25/12), 83 So.3d 1183, 1188-89, writ denied, 12-0391 (La.6/22/12), 91 So.3d 967; State v. Bryant, 06-1154, p. 7 (La.App. 4 Cir. 1/10/07), 950 So.2d 37, 41 (noting that both the Supreme Court and this Court have rejected an absolute rule that would require the trial judge to personally inform a defendant of his right to a jury trial).
| CASELAW |
16 septiembre, 2024
What does Full Stack Developer mean? | Bootcamps
The demand for Full Stack, frontend or backend developers has increased as businesses have moved to the Internet. This Anglo-Saxon terminology is usually common in the tech world and we know that it can be confusing. In this post, we will explain what Full Stack Developer means and the qualities that a technical profile of this type should have.
A Full Stack Developer can be translated as a full stack developer. This means you have to be an expert in front-end and back-end development. In addition to knowing and using different operating systems and programming languages.
Here another question arises, what is frontend and backend? A frontend developer is a professional who is in charge of developing the parts that we can see of a website or application. It is the one that works on the interface that the end user uses.
However, A backend developer is one who works on the development of the databases and infrastructure of the page or application. That is, who lays everything down so that it works correctly later.
In this way, a Full Stack Developer is a mix of both professional profiles that works on both the visual part that the end user uses and the structure part of the website or application. Therefore, This profile may address entire projects involving databases, creating user-facing websites, or even working with clients during the project planning phase.
5 basic skills of a Full Stack Developer
As we mentioned previously, a Full Stack Developer must have a wide variety of skills. Below, we will mention the 6 most important skills that a Full Stack Developer should have.
HTML/CSS
While HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to add web content, CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) It is a language that allows you to design a website. A Full Stack Developer must be able to master these two languages to create an interactive, intuitive and attractive interface for applications or websites.
JavaScript
When it comes to web and software development, mastery of JavaScript is a must-have skill for a Full Stack Developer. It is one of the most used languages for writing frontend and backend code for servers. Likewise, it should be noted that JavaScript is the only programming language that can run natively in the browser and on the server-side (Node.js).
A Full Stack developer must have in-depth knowledge of JavaScript, as well as the concepts and features of React and Angular, frameworks to create web applications. One of the best features of JavaScript is that it includes useful aspects such as functions, prototypes, higher-order event delegation which help to create responsive web pages.
Git and GitHub
Git is an open source distributed version control system that can handle all your development needs such as managing changes made to applications, code, websites, documents or information associated with the development of software and applications. It offers great speed and efficiency for small and large projects.
A Full Stack must know how to use Git, since it allows them to keep track of every small modification made to the application code base. As well as offering them unique opportunities for security, productivity and administration.
Backend languages
Previously we mentioned frontend languages such as HTML, CSS and JavaScript, the other fundamental part of an application or software is the backend languages. A Full Stack Developer should know at least some of the following languages for backend development.
He PHP, is an open source cross-platform compatible language that can run smoothly on Unix, macOS, and Windows; Python has a smooth learning curve and a wide variety of libraries; Ruby, is a robust programming language that has excellent documentation and dependencies and lastly, we find Javawhich is a multipurpose programming language that can be used for developing web, desktop, and mobile applications.
Data storage
Web applications need a database where everything will be stored, in order to ensure that developers can later access the data. Therefore, A Full Stack Developer has to be an expert in database administration, in its design, understanding and manipulation of data. They must know how to work with XML, JSON and have knowledge of NoSQL databases.
Now we know exactly what Full Stack Developer means and the main skills that a professional in this area should have. An all-rounder that is capable of handling any situation in the development of websites or applications.
Do you want to take the leap to be a Full Stack Developer? With our Full Stack Web Development Bootcamp you can achieve it in just 8 months. You will master the main backend and fronted technologies. Go ahead and control web development!
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Tamil Nadu Kongu Ilaingar Peravai
Tamil Nadu Kongu Ilaignar Peravai is a political party (Founded by Thaniyarasu) in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The party formed to gain votes in Kongu Vellalar, which holds nearly 15% of the Tamil Nadu electorate.
Meetings
The association conducted a political rally at Namakkal for the 2009 Parliamentary elections with four lakh people taking part.
Election history
Tamil Nadu Kongu Ilaignar Peravai contested 11 parliamentary constituencies in the Lok Sabha election with no alliances.
Election alliance
For the 2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, it joined forces with AIADMK and obtained one seat. Thaniyarasu won the constituency of Paramathi Velur as an AIADMK candidate. | WIKI |
Spectrum (Cedar Walton album)
Spectrum is an album by pianist Cedar Walton, recorded in 1968 and released on the Prestige label.
Reception
The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow stated: "The music, essentially advanced hard bop with a few odd twists, is well-played if not essential."
Track listing
All compositions by Cedar Walton, except as indicated
* 1) "Higgins Holler" – 10:20
* 2) "Days of Wine and Roses" (Henry Mancini, Johnny Mercer) – 8:56
* 3) "Jake's Milkshakes" – 3:55
* 4) "Spectrum" – 5:39
* 5) "Lady Charlotte" (Cal Massey) – 6:14
Personnel
* Cedar Walton – piano
* Blue Mitchell – trumpet (tracks 1 & 3–5)
* Clifford Jordan – tenor saxophone (tracks 1 & 3–5)
* Richard Davis – bass
* Jack DeJohnette – drums
Production
* Don Schlitten – producer
* Richard Alderson – engineer | WIKI |
Rearrange user quota info
Bug #1327738 reported by Kristina Hoeppner on 2014-06-08
6
This bug affects 1 person
Affects Status Importance Assigned to Milestone
Mahara
High
Aaron Wells
Bug Description
Make improvements to http://mahara/admin/extensions/pluginconfig.php?plugintype=artefact&pluginname=file&type=file for Mahara 1.10. First question up: Would the notification only go to site admins or also to institution admins?
1. The quota notification area should go into the "Default" quota" as it pertains to the user quota. No separate area should be used for that.
2. Default quota -> Default user quota
3. Quota notify limit -> Quota notification threshold
4. Notify site admins? -> Site administrator notification
5. Should the site admins also be notified when a user nearly reaches their quota? -> If checked, site administrators are notified when users reach the notification threshold.
6. At what percentage of a filled quota should a user (and maybe the admin) get notified, so they can delete old files or increase the quota? -> The percentage of a quota when users (and site administrator) are notified so that they know they are getting close to reaching their upload limit. They can then either delete files to free up space or contact their administrator to have their quota increased.
Aaron Wells (u-aaronw) wrote :
I would suggest just moving all of the fieldsets that have settings that relate to user quotas, should be in just one fieldset.
So "Default quota", "Institution quota", "Maximum quota" and "Quota notification" would all be one fieldset called "User quota".
Changed in mahara:
assignee: Robert Lyon (robertl-9) → Kristina Hoeppner (kris-hoeppner)
importance: Undecided → High
status: Confirmed → In Progress
assignee: Kristina Hoeppner (kris-hoeppner) → Aaron Wells (u-aaronw)
Steven (stevens-q) wrote :
=== Prerequisites ===
1. log in as admin
2. install code patch from https://reviews.mahara.org/#/c/3429/
=== How to test ===
1. Browse to Administration -> Extensions -> plugin administration -> (under the Plugin Type : artefact) file -> configuration
2. confirm that the Default user quota section contains the following
--- a) Default quota (field + units drop down) ✔
--- b) Update user quotas (check box) ✔
--- c) Enforce a sitewide maximum quota (check box) ✔
--- d) Maximum quota (field + units drop down) ✔
--- e) Quota notification threshold * (field) ✔
--- f) Site administrator notification (check box) ✔
--- g) Institutional override (check box) ✔
3. confirm that the following sections have remained unchanged
--- a) Default group quota ✔
--- b) Upload agreement ✔
--- c) Resize images on upload ✔
--- d) Profile picture size ✔
--- e) Comments ✔
--- f) Folder downloads ✔
4. confirm that the following sections and their selections have been incorporated into the default quota section
--- a) Quota notification
--- b) Maximum quota
--- c) Institution quota
Catalyst QA Approved ✔
Reviewed: https://reviews.mahara.org/3429
Committed: http://gitorious.org/mahara/mahara/commit/aa528c13b83556ed59a4eaa048408262ce49ddb5
Submitter: Son Nguyen (<email address hidden>)
Branch: master
commit aa528c13b83556ed59a4eaa048408262ce49ddb5
Author: Aaron Wells <email address hidden>
Date: Tue Jun 10 17:37:33 2014 +1200
Tweaks to the user quota settings for file artefact
Bug 1327738
Change-Id: I2d8e717638f329a20654017592d78295a0e38e66
Son Nguyen (ngson2000) on 2014-10-06
Changed in mahara:
status: In Progress → Fix Committed
Robert Lyon (robertl-9) wrote :
One problem with this change is that the 'Quota notification limit' is not just for the User but will also relate to the Group when https://reviews.mahara.org/#/c/3315/20 is merged.
So we will need to either have a separate 'Quota notification limit' for group or the limit be relabeled to reflect it's used for both user and group
Reviewed: https://reviews.mahara.org/3768
Committed: http://gitorious.org/mahara/mahara/commit/448ed0dbdd32a5b86f1a505a2222f9b8f3e659e8
Submitter: Robert Lyon (<email address hidden>)
Branch: 1.10_STABLE
commit 448ed0dbdd32a5b86f1a505a2222f9b8f3e659e8
Author: Aaron Wells <email address hidden>
Date: Tue Jun 10 17:37:33 2014 +1200
Tweaks to the user quota settings for file artefact
Bug 1327738
Change-Id: I2d8e717638f329a20654017592d78295a0e38e66
Aaron Wells (u-aaronw) wrote :
I guess a generic term would be "Storage quota"?
Aaron Wells (u-aaronw) on 2014-10-21
Changed in mahara:
status: Fix Committed → Fix Released
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2003 FIFA Women's World Cup knockout stage
The knockout stage of the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup was the second and final stage of the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup in the United States. It began on October 1, 2003, and ended with the final at the Home Depot Center, Carson, California on October 12, 2003. Germany, China, Norway, Brazil, Canada, Russia, Sweden, and defending champions United States. Canada, Germany, Sweden and the United States made it to the semi-finals. Sweden beat Canada 2–1 to reach the final, while Germany overcame the host country 3–0. The United States beat its neighbors for third place, and Germany beat Sweden 2–1 in the final in extra time.
This was the last World Cup to use the golden goal rule; it would be abolished in 2005 as the extra time play was restored.
All times listed below are in American time (EDT/UTC−4, PDT/UTC–7).
Bracket
Brazil vs Sweden
United States vs Norway
Germany vs Russia
China PR vs Canada
United States vs Germany
Sweden vs Canada
Third place play-off
| WIKI |
Page:Farmer - Slang and its analogues past and present - Volume 5.pdf/202
1822. Galt, Entail, i. 9. I would be nane surprised the morn to hear that the Nebuchadnezzar was a' gane to pigs and whistles, and driven out wi' the divors bill to the barren pastures of bankruptcy.
Pig-sconce, subs. (old).—A lout; a dullard: see Buffle.
1659. Massinger, City Madam, iii. 1. Ding. He is no pig-sconce mistress. Secret. He has an excellent headpiece.
1879. Meredith, Egoist, xxxvii. These representatives of the pig-sconces of the population.
Pig's-ear (or -lug), subs. phr. (tailors').—A very large lappel collar or flap.
Pig's-foot, subs. phr. (American).—A short cloven crowbar; a jemmy (q.v.)
Pigskin, subs. (racing).—A saddle. Hence knight of the pigskin = a jockey.
d.1870. Dickens [quoted in Century]. He was my governor, and no better master ever sat in pig-skin.
1898. Sporting Times, 26 Nov., 3, 3. After a few days' rest he was in the saddle and has again electrified English turf followers by riding rings around their crack knights of the pigskin.
Pigsney, subs. phr. (old).—A girl: an endearment: see Titter. Hence (2), a woman's eye.—B. E. (c.1696); Grose (1785).
13[?] Chaucer, Remedie of Loue [Ency. Dict.]. Come hither, ye piggesnye, ye little babe.
d.1529. Skelton [Dyce, Works, i. 20, 19]. Good mastres Anne What prate ye, praty pyggsney.
1534. Udall, Roister Doister [Arber, i. 4, p. 27]. Then ist mine oune pygs nie, and blessing on my hart.
1580. Sidney, Arcadia, 277. Miso, mine own pigsnie, thou shalt have news of Dametas.
d.1588. Tarleton, Horse Loade of Fooles [Halliwell]. The player fooles deare darling pigsnie.
1594. Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 2. Pigsnie is put up, and I'le let him take the aire.
1621. Burton, Anat. Melan. iii., ii. 4, 1. All the pleasant names may be invented; bird lamb, puss pigsney, hony, love, dove he puts on her.
1665, Homer-a-la-Mode [Nares]. As soon as she close to him came, She spake and call'd him by his name Pigsny, Quoth she, tell me who made it cry.
Pig-sticker, subs. (common).—1. A pork-butcher.
2. (common).—A long-bladed pocket-knife; and (3) a sword.
Pig-sty, subs. phr. (printers').—1. The press-room. See Pig, subs. sense 4.
2. (common).—A place of abode or business: see Diggings.
Pig's-whisper, subs. phr. (common) = 1. A grunt.
2. (common).—A very short space of time [i.e., as brief as a grunt]. Bee (1823). Also (American), pig's-whistle.
1836. Dickens, Pickwick, xxxii. You'll find yourself in bed in something less than a pig's whisper.
Pig-tail, subs. (colloquial).—1. A Chinaman.
2. (Stock Exchange).—In pl. = the Shares of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China: see Stock Exchange.
Pig-yoke, subs. phr. (nautical).—A quadrant.
1836. Marryat, Midshipman Easy, xiv. Mesby agreed with Jack that this was the 'ne plus ultra' of navigation; and that old Smallsole could not do better with his pig-yoke and compasses. | WIKI |
(* persistent arrays implemented in a more subtle way: as soon as we get read in a Diff we exchange the roles of Array and Diff (rerooting) *) type t = data ref and data = | Array of int array | Diff of int * int * t let create n v = ref (Array (Array.create n v)) let init n f = ref (Array (Array.init n f)) (* reroot t ensures that t becomes an Array node *) let rec reroot t = match !t with | Array _ -> () | Diff (i, v, t') -> reroot t'; begin match !t' with | Array a as n -> let v' = a.(i) in a.(i) <- v; t := n; t' := Diff (i, v', t) | Diff _ -> assert false end let rec rerootk t k = match !t with | Array _ -> k () | Diff (i, v, t') -> rerootk t' (fun () -> begin match !t' with | Array a as n -> let v' = a.(i) in a.(i) <- v; t := n; t' := Diff (i, v', t) | Diff _ -> assert false end; k()) let reroot t = rerootk t (fun () -> ()) let rec get t i = match !t with | Array a -> a.(i) | Diff _ -> reroot t; begin match !t with Array a -> a.(i) | Diff _ -> assert false end let set t i v = reroot t; match !t with | Array a as n -> let old = a.(i) in if old == v then t else begin a.(i) <- v; let res = ref n in t := Diff (i, old, res); res end | Diff _ -> assert false | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Public policy
Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs. These policies govern and include various aspects of life such as education, health care, employment, finance, economics, transportation, and all over elements of society. The implementation of public policy is known as public administration. Public policy can be considered to be the sum of a government's direct and indirect activities and has been conceptualized in a variety of ways.
They are created and/or enacted on behalf of the public typically by a government. Sometimes they are made by nonprofit organizations or are made in co-production with communities or citizens, which can include potential experts, scientists, engineers and stakeholders or scientific data, or sometimes use some of their results. They are typically made by policy-makers affiliated with (in democratic polities) currently elected politicians. Therefore, the "policy process is a complex political process in which there are many actors: elected politicians, political party leaders, pressure groups, civil servants, publicly employed professionals, judges, non-governmental organizations, international agencies, academic experts, journalists and even sometimes citizens who see themselves as the passive recipients of policy."
A popular way of understanding and engaging in public policy is through a series of stages known as "the policy cycle", which was first discussed by the political scientist Harold Laswell in his book The Decision Process: Seven Categories of Functional Analysis, published in 1956. The characterization of particular stages can vary, but a basic sequence is agenda setting, policy formulation, legitimation, implementation, and evaluation. "It divides the policy process into a series of stages, from a notional starting point at which policymakers begin to think about a policy problem to a notional end point at which a policy has been implemented and policymakers think about how successful it has been before deciding what to do next."
Officials considered as policymakers bear responsibility to advance the interests of a host of different stakeholders. Policy design entails conscious and deliberate effort to define policy aims and map them instrumentally. Academics and other experts in policy studies have developed a range of tools and approaches to help in this task. Government action is the decisions, policies, and actions taken by governments, which can have a significant impact on individuals, organizations, and society at large. Regulations, subsidies, taxes, and spending plans are just a few of the various shapes it might take. Achieving certain social or economic objectives, such as fostering economic expansion, lowering inequality, or safeguarding the environment, is the aim of government action.
Varying conceptions of public policy
Public policy can be conceptualized in varying ways, according to the purposes of the speaker or author, and the characteristics of the situation they are concerned with.
One dividing line in conceptions of public policy is between those that see it primarily in terms of ideas (principles and plans of action) and those that see it as a collection of empirical phenomena (the things that are done, and their outcomes). The first of these conceptualizations is suitable when the matter of concern is relatively simple and unambiguous, and the means of enactment are expected to be highly disciplined. But where the matter is complex and/or contested – where intentions are confused and/or disguised – it may not be possible to define the policy ideas clearly and unambiguously. In this case it may be useful to identify a policy in terms of what actually happens.
David Easton in the USA of the 1950s provided an illustration of the need he found to broaden his conceptualization of public policy beyond stated ideas: "If the formal policy of an educational system forbids discrimination against Negroes but local school boards or administrators so zone school attendance that Negroes are segregated in a few schools, both the impartial law and discriminatory practices must be considered part of the policy." Easton characterized public policy as "a web of decisions and actions that allocates values".
Other definitions of public policy in terms of a broad range of empirical phenomena include that of Paul Cairney: "the sum total of government action from signals of intent to the final outcomes".
An example of conceiving public policy as ideas is a definition by Richard Titmuss: "the principles that govern action directed towards given ends". Titmuss' perspective was particularly one of social contract ethics.
More recently, Antonio Lassance has defined public policy as "an institutionalized proposal to solve a central problem, guided by a conception" (Lassance, 2020: 7). Lassance's perspective and concerns are grounded in a theory of change or program theory which he believes can be empirically tested.
One of the most known and controversial concepts of public policy is that of Thomas R. Dye, according to whom "public policy is whatever governments choose to do or not to do" (Dye, 1972: 2). Although widely used, Dye's concept is also criticized as being an empty concept. Dye himself admitted that his concept "discourages elaborate academic discussions of the definition of public policy - we say simply that public policy is whatever governments choose to do or not to do".
In an institutionalist view, the foundation of public policy is composed of national constitutional laws and regulations. Further foundational aspects include both judicial interpretations and regulations which are generally authorized by legislation. Public policy is considered strong when it solves problems efficiently and effectively, serves and supports governmental institutions and policies, and encourages active citizenship.
In his book Advanced Introduction to Public Policy, B. Guy Peters defines public policy as "the set of activities that governments engage in for the purpose of changing their economy and society", effectively saying that public policy is legislation brought in with the aim of benefiting or impacting the electorate in some way. In another definition, author B. Dente in his book Understanding Policy Decisions explains public policy as "a set of actions that affect the solution of a policy problem, i.e. a dissatisfaction regarding a certain need, demand or opportunity for public intervention. Its quality is measured by the capacity to create public value."
Other scholars define public policy as a system of "courses of action, regulatory measures, laws, and funding priorities concerning a given topic promulgated by a governmental entity or its representatives". Public policy is commonly embodied in "constitutions, legislative acts, and judicial decisions". Transformative constitutions of Global South considers judicial actions for Public policy as paramount, since the political forces that facilitate legislative decisions may run counter to the will of the people.
Public policy focuses on the decisions that create the outputs of a political system, such as transport policies, the management of a public health service, the administration of a system schooling and the organization of a defense force. The directly measurable policy outputs, "actions actually taken in pursuance of policy decisions and statements," can be differentiated from the broader policy outcomes, "focus[ing] on a policy's societal consequences."
In the United States, this concept refers not only to the result of policies, but more broadly to the decision-making and analysis of governmental decisions. As an academic discipline, public policy is studied by professors and students at public policy schools of major universities throughout the country. The U.S. professional association of public policy practitioners, researchers, scholars, and students is the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Much of public policy is concerned with evaluating decision-making in governments and public bureaucracies.
Public policy making and implementation
Public policy making can be characterized as a dynamic, complex, and interactive system through which public problems are identified and resolved through the creation of new policy or reform of existing policy.
Public problems can originate in endless ways and require different policy responses (such as regulations, subsidies, import quotas, and laws) on the local, national, or international level. The public problems that influence public policy making can be of economic, social, or political nature.
A government holds a legal monopoly to initiate or threaten physical force to achieve its ends when necessary. For instance, in times of chaos when quick decision making is needed.
Public policy visualization
A topology model can be used to demonstrate the types of and implementation of public policy: The direct section of money explains that a form of direct action is either using the resources already publicly available (Make) or contracting the private sector to address the issue (Buy).
The indirect section of money explains means to dissuade or encourage behavior using money. Literally through taxing the undesired behavior and subsidizing the desired behavior.
The direct section of Other echoes the direct section of Money. However, instead of using fiscal power, the state uses authoritative power to enforce this. This comes in ways of making an action mandatory (Oblige) or prohibiting the behavior by threatening of law (Prohibit).
The indirect section of Other is spreading information on an issue to the public (Inform) and making calls to action on an issue (Implore)
It is through a combined effort of these means that a state addresses and works on any given issue.
Public policy making
Public policy making is a time-consuming 'policy cycle'.
The policy cycle as set out in Understanding Public Policy: Theories and Issues.
Agenda setting
Agenda setting identifies problems that require government attention, deciding which issue deserve the most attention and defining the nature of the problem.
Social construction of problems
Most public problems are made through the reflection of social and ideological values. As societies and communities evolve over time, the nature in which norms, customs and morals are proven acceptable, unacceptable, desirable or undesirable changes as well. Thus, the search of crucial problems to solve becomes difficult to distinguish within 'top-down' governmental bodies.
Policy stream
The policy stream is a concept developed by John Kingdon as a model proposed to show compelling problems need to be conjoined with two other factors: appropriate political climate and favorable and feasible solutions (attached to problems) that flow together to move onto policy agenda. This reinforces the policy window, another concept demonstrating the critical moment within a time and situation that a new policy could be motivated.
Problem stream
Because the definition of public problems are not obvious, they are most often denied and not acted upon. The problem stream represents a policy process to compromise for how worthy problems are to create policies and solutions. This is represented in five discrete factors:
* Indicators: Scientific measurements, qualitative, statistical data using empirical evidence is used to bring relevance to particular phenomena.
* Interpretation: Policymakers make judgements whether an issue constitutes a problem worthy of action.
* Ideology: Elements of dominant values, customs, beliefs are crucial to devising problems needed for attention.
* Instances: Media coverage supports by drawing attention to issues, thus prompting policymakers to respond and address changes.
Therefore, John Kingdon's model suggests the policy window appears through the emergence and connection of problems, politics and policies, emphasizing an opportunity to stimulate and initiate new policies.
Issue attention cycle
The issue attention cycle is a concept developed by Anthony Downs (1972) where problems progress through five distinct stages. This reinforces how the policy agenda does not necessarily lead to policy change, as public interest dissipates, most problems end up resolving themselves or get ignored by policymakers. Its key stages include:
* 1) Pre-problem stage: The problem is not recognized by the public, media or policy makers.
* 2) Alarmed discovery and euphoric enthusiasm: Something is identified as a problem, supported awareness by media to pursue seriousness of problem
* 3) Realization of costs which will be incurred by the solutions: Investigating through cost-benefit analysis, bringing awareness of financial, environmental, structural curbs to consider solutions and what makes for their consequences.
* 4) Decline in public interest in issue: Citizens acquire acceptance of the problem and it becomes normalized. Newer issues attract the attention of the public. Limited attention span encourages policymakers to delay developing policy to see which public troubles demand necessary and worthwhile solving.
* 5) Issue slips off, or back down, the policy agenda: The issue effectively disappears, although it has the possibility to re-emerge in other pressing circumstances.
Policy formulation
This is the setting of the objectives for the policy, along with identifying the cost and effect of solutions that could be proposed from policy instruments.
Legitimation
Legitimation is when approval/ support for the policy instruments is gathered, involving one of or a combination of executive approval, legislative approval, and seeking consent through consultation or referendums.
Implementation
Policy implementation is establishing or employing an organization to take responsibility for the policy, making sure the organization has the resources/legal authority to do so, in addition to making sure the policy is carried out as planned. An example of this would be the department of education being set up.
Enforcement
Enforcement mechanisms are a central part of various policies. Enforcement mechanisms co-determine natural resource governance outcomes and pollution-related policies may require proper enforcement mechanisms (and often substitutes) to have a positive effect. Enforcement may include law enforcement or combine incentive and disincentive-based policy instruments. A meta-analysis of policy studies across multiple policy domains suggests enforcement mechanisms are the "only modifiable treaty design choice" with the potential to improve the mostly low effectiveness of international treaties.
Implementation gap
As stated by Paul Cairney, the implementation gap are the stages a policy must go through before an authoritative decision is made and carried out. As an example, the agenda setting stage is followed by the policy formulation, this will continue until the policy is implemented.
Top-down and bottom-up implementation
"Top-down" and "bottom-up" describe the process of policy implementation. Top-down implementation means the carrying out of a policy at the top i.e. central government or legislature. The bottom-up approach suggests that the implementation should start with the target group, as they are seen as the actual implementers of policy.
Evaluation
Evaluation is the process of assessing the extent to which the policy has been successful, or if this was the right policy to begin with/ was it implemented correctly and if so, did it go as expected.
Policy maintenance
Maintenance is when the policy makers decide to either terminate or continue the policy. The policy is usually either continued as is, modified, or discontinued.
Composition
This cycle will unless discontinued go back to the agenda-setting phase and the cycle will commence again. However, the policy cycle is illustrated in a chronological and cyclical structure which could be misleading as in actuality, policymaking would include overlapping stages between the multiple interactions of policy proposals, adjustments, decision-making amongst multiple government institutions and respective authoritative actors. Likewise, although its heuristic model is straightforward and easy to understand, the cycle is not totally applicable in all situations of policymaking due to it being far too simple as there are more crucial steps that should go into more complex real life scenarios.
Criticism of the "policy studies" approach
The mainstream tradition of policy studies has been criticized for oversimplifying the processes of public policy, particularly in use of models based on rational choice theory, failing to capture the current dynamics in today's society as well as sustaining ambiguities and misunderstandings. In contrast, an anthropological approach to studying public policy deconstructs many of the categories and concepts that are currently used, seeking to gain a deeper understanding of the configurations of actors, activities, and influences that go into shaping policy decisions, implementations and results.
Responsibility of policymakers
Each system is influenced by different public problems and issues, and has different stakeholders; as such, each requires different public policy.
In public policy making, numerous individuals, corporations, non-profit organizations and interest groups compete and collaborate to influence policymakers to act in a particular way. Therefore, "the failure [of public policies] is possibly not only the politician's fault because he/she is never the lone player in the field of decision making. There is a multitude of actors pursuing their goals, sometimes complementary, often competing or contradictory ones." In this sense, public policies can be the result of actors involved, such as interest organization's, and not necessarily the will of the public. Furthermore, public policy is also affected by social and economic conditions, prevailing political values, the publics mood and the structure of government which all play a role in the complexity of public policy making.
The large set of actors in the public policy process, such as politicians, civil servants, lobbyists, domain experts, and industry or sector representatives, use a variety of tactics and tools to advance their aims, including advocating their positions publicly, attempting to educate supporters and opponents, and mobilizing allies on a particular issue. The use of effective tools and instruments determines the outcome of a policy.
Many actors can be important in the public policy process, but government officials ultimately choose public policy in response to the public issue or problem at hand. In doing so, government officials are expected to meet public sector ethics and take the needs of all project stakeholders into account.
It is however worth noting that what public policy is put forward can be influenced by the political stance of the party in power. Following the 2008/2009 financial crisis, David Cameron's Conservative party looked to implement a policy of austerity in 2010 after winning the general election that year, to shore up the economy and diminish the UK's national debt. Whilst the Conservatives saw reducing the national debt as an absolute priority, the Labour Party, since the effects of Conservative austerity became apparent, have slated the policy for its 'needless' pressure on the working classes and those reliant on welfare, their 2019 election manifesto stating "Tory cuts [have] pushed our public services to breaking point" and that "the Conservatives have starved our education system of funding". Furthermore, in the US, Members of Congress have observed that partisan rancour, ideological disputes, and decreased willingness to compromise on policies have made policy making far more difficult than it was only a decade ago .These are good examples of how varying political beliefs can impact what is perceived as paramount for the electorate.
Since societies have changed in the past decades, the public policy making system changed too. In the 2010s, public policy making is increasingly goal-oriented, aiming for measurable results and goals, and decision-centric, focusing on decisions that must be taken immediately.
Furthermore, mass communications and technological changes such as the widespread availability of the Internet have caused the public policy system to become more complex and interconnected. This is because there is a new level of scrutiny which the ‘tabloid society’ provides of the decisions made by politicians and policy makers, often concentrating on the ‘people story’ side of these decisions .The changes pose new challenges to the current public policy systems and pressures leaders to evolve to remain effective and efficient.
Public policies come from all governmental entities and at all levels: legislatures, courts, bureaucratic agencies, and executive offices at national, local and state levels. On the federal level, public policies are laws enacted by Congress, executive orders issued by the president, decisions handed down by the US Supreme Court, and regulations issued by bureaucratic agencies.
On the local, public policies include city ordinances, fire codes, and traffic regulations. They also take the form of written rules and regulations of city governmental departments: the police, fire departments, street repair, or building inspection. On the state level, public policies involve laws enacted by the state legislatures, decisions made by state courts, rules developed by state bureaucratic agencies, and decisions made by governors.
Policy analysis
In the contemporary era, there has been a massive influx of policy analysis. However, there is no evidence to suggest that this influx has aided to solving policy issues. Distributive theory claims that legislatures in reality have little use for information that pertains to the policies they vote on.
It has been determined that instead of certain fields having a higher concentration of information and analysis, it is rather competitive issues that are focused on more. The same report this was determined from also reported that information and analysis only seemed to affect issues over a long-term period and thusly ineffective at reactionary action.
Policy design
Policy design entails conscious and deliberate effort to define policy aims and map them instrumentally. Policy design proposes critical analysis of policy instruments and their implementation. Uncertainties policy designers face include (in brief):
* Technical difficulties: mechanism, design, constituency, environment of public policies
* Cost issues: resources, materials, products, etc.
* Political problems: selection process of solutions and decision making. Policies require tedious and rigorous research on advice for its feasibility, legitimacy and choice.
* Compliance: Understanding the target market and discovering data for those dependent, disadvantaged or deviant on policy change.
* Effectiveness: There is a possibility of spillovers, complementariness and inconsistencies.
Nevertheless, policy design is elemental for the succession of public policy, with it comes intricate and multi-level approaches but it is necessary for good, careful policy design to be considered before implementing the policy.
Data-driven policy
Data-driven policy is a policy designed by a government based on existing data, evidence, rational analysis and use of information technology to crystallize problems and highlight effective solutions. Data-driven policy making aims to make use of data and collaborate with citizens to co-create policy. Policy makers can now make use of new data sources and technological developments like Artificial Intelligence to gain new insights and make policy decisions which contribute to societal development.
In the 2020s, policymakers will use data for policies and public service design, while responding to citizen engagement demands. The Anticipatory Governance model is particularly important when considering the sheer amount of data available. In terms of using new technology to collect, analyze, and disseminate data, governments are only just beginning to utilize data science for policy implementation. With new technologies implemented in government administration, a more complete visualization of current problems will emerge, allowing for more precision in targeted policy-making. Data science involves the transformation, analysis, visualization, and presentation of data, and potentially improve the quality of life and society by providing a more informational environment for public debate and political decision-making. Some examples of utilizing data science in public policy making are resource optimization, improving current public services, and fraud and error mitigation.
Data sets rarely merge between government agencies or within agencies or countries' governments. This is beginning to change with the COVID-19 pandemic spreading globally in early 2020. Forecasting and creating data models to prevent the propagation of the virus has become a vital approach for policy makers in governments around the world.
User-centered policy design
User-centered policies are policies that are designed and implemented with the end-users, or those who are impacted by the policy, as co-designers. Policymakers using this design process utilize users' knowledge of their lived experiences. This can allow for policymakers focus on including both comprehensiveness and comprehension within policies to aid in clarity for end-users, such as workers or organizations.
Small system dynamics model
The small system dynamics model is a method of condensing and simplifying the understanding of complex issues related to overall productivity.
Evidence-based policy
Evidence-based policy is associated with Adrian Smith because in his 1996 presidential address to the Royal Statistical Society, Smith questioned the current process of policy making and urged for a more "evidence-based approach" commenting that it has "valuable lessons to offer".
Some policy scholars now avoid using the term evidence-based policy, using others such as evidence informed. This language shift allows continued thinking about the underlying desire to improve evidence use in terms of its rigor or quality, while avoiding some of the key limitations or reductionist ideas at times seen with the evidence-based language. Still, the language of evidence-based policy is widely used and, as such, can be interpreted to reflect a desire for evidence to be used well or appropriately in one way or another – such as by ensuring systematic consideration of rigorous and high quality policy relevant evidence, or by avoiding biased and erroneous applications of evidence for political ends.
The development and analysis of evidence based / evidence informed policy are supported by multidisciplinary public policy research and policy analysis.
In the U.S.
Unlike the UK, the U.S. has a largely devolved government, with power at local, state and federal level. Due to these various levels of governance, it can often be difficult to coordinate passing bills and legislation, and there is often disagreement. Despite this, the system allows citizens to be relatively involved in inputting legislation. Furthermore, each level of government is set up in a similar way with similar rules, and all pump money into creating what is hoped to be effective legislation. Policy creation in America is often seen as unique to other countries.
Academic discipline
As an academic discipline, public policy brings in elements of many social science fields and concepts, including economics, sociology, political economy, social policy, program evaluation, policy analysis, and public management, all as applied to problems of governmental administration, management, and operations. At the same time, the study of public policy is distinct from political science or economics, in its focus on the application of theory to practice. While the majority of public policy degrees are master's and doctoral degrees, there are several universities that offer undergraduate education in public policy. Notable institutions include:
* Balsillie School of International Affairs
* Blavatnik School of Government
* Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, NUS
* Leiden University
* Hertie School, Berlin
* Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva
* John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard
* London School of Economics
* Sciences Po, Paris
* National Defence University, Pakistan
* Jamia Hamdard
Traditionally, the academic field of public policy focused on domestic policy. However, the wave of economic globalization that occurred in the late 20th and early 21st centuries created a need for a subset of public policy that focused on global governance, especially as it relates to issues that transcend national borders such as climate change, terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and economic development. Consequently, many traditional public policy schools had to adjust their curricula to better suit this new policy landscape, as well as develop entirely new curricula altogether.
Controversies
The Austrian and Chicago school of economics criticise public policymakers for not "understanding basic economics". In particular, a member of the Chicago school of economics, Thomas Sowell writes "Under popularly elected government, the political incentives are to do what is popular, even if the consequences are worse than the consequences of doing nothing, or doing something that is less popular". Therefore, since "Economics studies the consequences of decisions that are made about the use of land, labour, capital and other resources that go into producing the volume of output which determines a country's standard of living"; this means that artificially tampering with the allocation of scarce resources such as implementing certain public policies such as price controls will cause inefficiency in the economy and decline in the standard of living within society.
One of the biggest controversies of public policy is that policy making is often influenced by lobbyists such as big corporations in order to sway policies in their favour. The National Rifle Association of America (NRA) is an organisation that lobbies United States lawmakers to oppose stricter gun laws.
Another controversy surrounding public policy is that much like anyone, policymakers can sometimes hold bias and end up looking for facts that can prove their preconceptions to be true. In a study of politicians in Denmark, which was published in the British Journal of Political Science, it was established that they interpreted data between two groups in a case study more successfully when there was no labeling based on class or status as opposed to when they were labeled according to their class or status; their preconceptions affected how they viewed data. | WIKI |
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Age 16 to 18 Challenge Level:
Here is an excellent solution from Andrei from School No. 205, Bucharest, Romania.
I divided the solution into two parts: the demonstration of the congruence of angles, and the demonstration that the three angles add up to $180^o$.
1. Congruence of angles in a lune
Let $O_1$ and $O_2$ be the centres of two circles, $A$ and $B$ the intersection points and $M$ and $N$ the intersections of the tangents to these two circles. I observed that triangles $O_1AO_2$ and $O_1BO_2$ are congruent, because they have a common side $O_1O_2$, and the other two sides are radii in the two circles. So, angle $O_1AO_2$ and $O_1BO_2$ are equal to say $\theta$. A tangent to a circle and the radius to the point of contact are perpendicular so $\angle MAO_2 = \angle NAO_1 =\angle MBO_2 = \angle NBO_1 = 90^o$. Hence $\angle O_1AM = \angle O_2AN =\angle O_1BM =\angle = \angle O_2BAN = \theta - 90^o$. So, $\angle MAN = \angle MBN$.
2. Let $O_1$, $O_2$ and $O_3$ be the centres of the three circles respectively, D the point common to all three circles, and $T_1T_1'$, $T_2T_2'$, $T_3T_3'$ the three tangents. In my figure the radius and the tangent to circle 1 are in red, to circle 2 in blue and to circle 3 in green respectively.
Andrei's Solution
From the previous point, I see that angle $\alpha$ has the same measure with angle $T_2DT_1'$ and to the angle $T_1DT_2'$ (the last two being vertically opposite angles).
In the same manner I found: $\beta = \angle T_1'DT_3' =\angle T_1DT_3$ and $\gamma = \angle T_3DT_2 = \angle T_3'DT2'$. \par This way, it is easy to see that the three angles add up to $180^o$: $\alpha + \beta + \gamma = T_2DT_1' + T_1'DT_3' + T_3'DT_2' = T_2DT_2' = 180^o$. \par For the second case, I follow exactly the same steps.
Andrei's Solution
I find $\alpha = \angle T_2DT_1'$, $\beta = \angle T_2'DT_3' = \angle T_2DT_3$ and $\gamma \angle T_3DT_1 = \angle T_3'DT_1'$.
The result is the same, i.e. that in this case the three angles add up to $180^o$ again. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Dermatologist Amy Ross explains what a sunburn is and how it damages your skin.
Amy Ross: Hi, my name is Dr. Amy Ross and I am a Board Certified Dermatologist here to talk a little bit about what sunburn is? Sunburn is literally a burn to your skin and in case of sunburn -- this burn comes from the ultraviolet rays produced by the sun.
The most common symptoms of the sunburn include redness to your skin. This redness is often times accompanied by pain and irritation. The redness usually starts about four hour after sun exposure and peaks in intensity approximately 24 hours after sun exposure then fades in intensity over there or so. Other symptoms of sunburn may include fever, chill, and nausea. More severe sunburn can be accompanied by superficial blistering, this is also painful and irritating. After about four to seven days following a sun exposure there is skin loss and this is also what we commonly know as peeling. The most common long term risk of sunburn is Skin Cancer and the most serious one of skin cancer is Melanoma and the person's risk of developing Melanoma doubles with five sunburns in their life time. Over 8000 deaths per years are caused by Melanoma. Other more common types of skin cancer, Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma are also related to sun exposure. Other common side effects of sunburn in long term sun exposure include, what we know as age spots, wrinkles and overall photodamage, which leads to most commonly discoloration on the skin. The amount of sun exposure an individual need in order to get sun burn mostly depend on a person's skin type. A person with long hair and blue eye or red hair and freckles will be much more quickly sunburned than a person with dark skin and dark eye. It may take a only a few minutes for a person with fair complexion to get sunburn. In the next clip we will talk about how we can prevent sunburn. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
XF 1.5 Post Error?
I was making some posts on my forum in the same area as I normally do when I got this on a newly created topic made by another staff member:
error.png
Never ran into it, not sure why I would.
Jake Bunce
Well-known member
"not implemented" is http 501. That is something from the web server itself, not XenForo.
Does this happen on all posts? Is the error consistent within that one thread?
Basically you need to contact your web host about this. Ideally the server logs will contain more information about the error.
"not implemented" is http 501. That is something from the web server itself, not XenForo.
Does this happen on all posts? Is the error consistent within that one thread?
Basically you need to contact your web host about this. Ideally the server logs will contain more information about the error.
It's the only post doing it as far as I can tell. Looking over the logs via Xenforo and through the cpanel there is no errors.
Jake Bunce
Well-known member
It's the only post doing it as far as I can tell. Looking over the logs via Xenforo and through the cpanel there is no errors.
That sounds suspiciously like a mod_security rule that is sensitive to a keyword in the referrer. For example, it might be sensitive to "ps" in the URL because that is a common linux command.
Yep, it was PS in the url. For future reference for other's info, here is what my hosting said:
Looking into the way XenForo Formats the Thread's URL - A Mod_Security rule would indeed block the post to that thread or any other thread because it's URL has "/ps-" Which in some way or another is a way of a Web Attack Injection method according to a Mod_Security.
Going deeper into the issue brought me to a Drupal issue which happens on a POST http Command as well using "ps" in the URL, They experience an Apache 403 Forbidden but XenForo has it's own error handling for customization within the forum hence why we see it as "Not Implemented" With the command it was attempting to use "POST"
ps is a unix command for showing processes, We in the datacenter environment utilize that command to see what processes are running on a system, and shows resource usage as well.
The Post I found: https://www.drupal.org/node/164989
It would be a good point in direction as you would not be accessing any "ps" command on the server as you are on a shared system, with that being said we can always attempt to whitelist "ps" to see if the error triggers the mod_security rule.
My host white listed the ps command which fixed the post issue.
Top | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Official: Obama and Boehner met for deficit talks over the weekend - CNN.com
Washington (CNN) -- President Barack Obama and House Speaker John Boehner met over the weekend as part of ongoing negotiations on an agreement to reduce the country's deficit, a Republican official told CNN late Tuesday. Also Obama said Tuesday he invited Democratic and Republican leaders from both chambers of Congress to the White House for a meeting Thursday to discuss deficit reduction and the need to raise the federal debt ceiling. Obama said he wanted the meeting to build on the work that's already been done and drive toward a final agreement that would address expanding federal deficits and bring congressional approval for increasing how much money the government can borrow. Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, who earlier invited Obama to come to Congress to discuss the issue, will attend the White House meeting, his office announced. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid also plans to attend. Boehner indicated that he will take part but warned that Congress will not accept tax increases sought by Obama and Democrats. I'm happy to discuss these issues at the White House, but such discussions will be fruitless until the president recognizes economic and legislative reality, Boehner, R-Ohio, said in a statement. He added, I'm pleased the president stated today that we need to address the big, long-term challenges facing our country. According to Obama, who made an unscheduled appearance in the White House briefing room, talks on deficit reduction over the Fourth of July weekend with congressional leaders from both parties made progress, but we still have to work through some real differences. Both parties need to come out of their comfort zone, Obama said. But this should not come down to the last second. White House spokesman Jay Carney later said Obama believes that everyone knows the issues involved in forging a comprehensive agreement to reduce federal deficits by as much as $4 trillion in the coming decade. Now it is time make hard decisions, with both sides compromising in order to reach an agreement that benefits the nation as a whole, Carney said. The ideal will never become law, whether you're a conservative House Republican or a liberal Democrat or the president of the United States, Carney said. You're never going to get everything you want, because our system doesn't work like that. The Senate returned to work Tuesday, cutting short the planned weeklong Fourth of July recess, with its leaders resuming their tough talk on negotiations to cut federal deficits amid a looming deadline to raise the government's debt ceiling. The three-day Fourth of July weekend did little to change the rhetoric of recent weeks over deficit reduction talks and the need for Congress to increase the amount of money the government can borrow. In his opening remarks after the Senate reconvened, Reid, D-Nevada, accused Republicans of putting the nation's economic recovery at risk by threatening to oppose an increase in how much money the government can borrow. McConnell, R-Kentucky, followed Reid by accusing Democrats of wanting to increase spending to solve a deficit problem. Before Obama's invitation, McConnell repeated an invitation for Obama to come to Congress and hear from Republicans why they won't support any agreement that includes tax increases. Reid said his side was willing to compromise but would not allow Republicans to put the needs of a few millionaires and billionaires ahead of the rest of the country. With House members scheduled to return Wednesday, congressional leaders remain at sharp odds over what sort of conditions should be attached to a hike in the current $14.3 trillion ceiling. Republicans are refusing to go along with any increase unless it includes deep spending cuts and avoids any tax increases. Democrats are trying to minimize the impact of cuts to social services and are calling for the elimination to certain tax breaks and loopholes benefiting wealthier Americans. Treasury Department officials and leading economists have warned of potentially catastrophic consequences if the ceiling is not raised by August 2, at which point the country could default on its debt obligations. Among other things, the country could face skyrocketing interest rates and a plummeting dollar. Increasing the debt ceiling will allow the government to borrow more money in order to pay for spending already accrued. Given the short time frame, Congress and the White House may be forced to agree to a relatively small increase in the debt ceiling covering only a few months. Such a compromise -- including cuts already agreed to on both sides of the aisle -- would give leaders more time to negotiate serious budget reforms, including possible changes to popular entitlement programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. However, Obama said he's opposed to a short-term increase in the debt ceiling. I don't think the American people sent us here to avoid tough problems, Obama said. The debt ceiling dispute is a 'unique opportunity to do something big and put the economy on a stronger footing for the future. Over the weekend, top Democrats and Republicans gave no public indication that a potential compromise is in the offing. Talks led by Vice President Joe Biden recently collapsed over the tax dispute. The principle of not raising taxes is something that we campaigned on last November, and the results of the election was the American people don't want their taxes raised and they wanted us to cut spending, Sen. John McCain, R-Arizona, said Sunday on CNN's State of the Union. They don't want compromise. Various frameworks for a possible deal have been floated. Conservatives demand deep spending cuts, caps on future spending and a balanced budget amendment to the U.S. Constitution in return for their support to raise the debt ceiling. Both the House and Senate are planning votes on a balanced budget amendment in coming weeks. However, with such an amendment requiring approval from a two-thirds majority in both chambers and then ratification by at least 38 states, eventual approval is unclear in a process that can take years. For his part, Obama has chided congressional Republicans for refusing to make tough decisions at odds with their conservative base. He calls for what he characterizes as a balanced approach to deficit reduction that includes more revenue for education, infrastructure and clean energy, areas he considers critical to long-term economic growth. The Democratic position includes spending cuts elsewhere, including the military, as well as reforms to popular entitlement programs such as Medicare and Medicaid, the government-run health care programs for senior citizens, the disabled and the indigent. Republicans seek more sweeping entitlement reforms that Democrats contend would eliminate the safety net the programs were intended to provide. CNN's Tom Cohen, Alan Silverleib, Brianna Keilar, Kate Bolduan and Ted Barrett contributed to this report. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Gibbs energy
From Hmolpedia
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In thermodynamics, Gibbs energy, as compared to "Helmholtz energy", is the isothermal, isobaric. thermodynamic potential, of freely-going reaction systems; synonyms include: "available energy" (Gibbs, 1876), "reaction energy" (Haber, 1905), "free enthalpy" (German, c.1915), "free energy" (Lewis, 1923), or "Gibbs free energy" (Guggenheim, 1933).
Terminology | Confusion
The exists, historically, certain amount of terminology confusion in respect to what thermodynamic function (and characteristic function[1] symbol) is defined by what has been variously called "available energy" (Gibbs, 1876), "reaction energy" (Haber, 1905), "free enthalpy" (German, c.1915), "free energy" (Lewis, 1923), "Gibbs free energy" (Guggenheim, 1933), or "Gibbs energy", used recently, in reactions where temperature and pressure are held constant.
Massieu | 1869
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Gibbs | 1973/75
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Helmholtz | 1882
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Lewis | 1923
In 1923, Gilbert Lewis, in his Thermodynamics (pg. 158), devoted a large footnote to the confusion; commenting on how both Walther Nernst (Theoretical Chemistry, 1909) and Fritz Haber (Thermodynamics of Technical Reactions, 1905) confused what we now called Helmholtz energy (or used by Lewis) and Gibbs energy (or used by Lewis) in their derivations, therefrom making error filled calculations.
To anchor ourselves, in respect to point of reference, in this confusion, Lewis, in his §14: Criteria of Equilibrium and of Spontaneous Change: the Free Energy, defines the "two thermodynamic functions" as follows:[2]
The latter of which he expands as follows:
Lewis, in respect to these functions, points out that was called by Helmholtz (1882) the "free energy"[3], meant to be synonymous with Gibbs (1876) "available energy", and that Helmholtz called the quantity the "bound energy", meaning energy that was "bound up" in the system, supposedly in the sense of Clausius' notion of "equivalence values of all uncompensated transformations", and thereby not available for external work. Moreover, Helmholtz, as Lewis points out, referred only to , but not to , as the "free energy".
Lewis, however, defines explicitly as the "free energy", as follows:
“In any process occurring at constant temperature and pressure, represents the maximum of work which can be obtained from a given process and applied to useful purposes. It is for this reason that is known as the free energy''.
Gilbert Lewis (1923), Thermodynamics (pg. 158)
Historical footnote
Lewis then, to elaborate on history of "free energy" terminology, symbol, and equation usage, gives the following footnote:
“The quantities and , or better, the molal or partial molal values of these quantities, are sometimes called thermodynamic potentials, on account of certain rough analogies to mechanics, which we need not stress. While the value of such functions was pointed out by Massieu (1869), employed and , the former of which has more recently been used by Planck (Thermodynamics, 1897), their great utility in the interpretation of the most diverse physico-chemical phenomena was first fully demonstrated in the comprehensive work of Gibbs (1873/1875)[4]. Students of Gibbs will observe that the quantities F and A are his functions ζ [zeta] and ψ [psi]. (We may note also that our H is Gibbs' χ [chi] and our E his ε [eta].)
It was Helmholtz’ who introduced the term free energy, and it is to be remarked that he applied this name to A rather than to F. Later, however, since ΔA and ΔF do not largely differ numerically, unfortunate confusion has arisen in the literature between these two quantities. Several authors who have defined the free energy as A have really used the function F. It has therefore seemed best to retain this useful expression for the latter function, which has in practice by far the greater importance.
It will be seen that F bears the same relation to A that H bears to E. We have previously remarked that the choice of pressure and temperature as the chief variables in thermodynamics, together with the fact that most experiments are carried on at constant temperature or pressure, makes quantities like H, , and F more generally useful than the corresponding quantities E, , and F.”
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Guggenheim | 1933
In 1933, Edward Guggenheim, in his Modern Thermodynamics: by the Methods of Willard Gibbs, building on Lewis, defined the two main thermodynamic equations as follows:[5]
G = H - TS.png
referring to H as the "heat content" or "total heat". Then comments as follows:
“The function F is due to Helmholtz, and was named by him the ‘free energy’. It is sometimes referred to as the ‘work function’ [A = “Arbeit”, meaning ‘work’ in German]. It was called by Gibbs the ‘force function for constant temperature’. The function G is due to Gibbs, and is often referred to by modern writers as the ‘free energy’. We shall call F the ‘Helmholtz free energy’ and G the ‘Gibbs free energy’. But to avoid any possibility of confusion we shall always refer to the symbols F and G defined according to equations #24 and #25.”
— Edward Guggenheim (1933), Modern Thermodynamics (pgs. 13-14)
U vs E
Here, we point out that Guggenheim was using the symbol “E” for the energy or internal energy of a system; whereas Clausius originated the concept of the energy or internal energy of a system with the symbol “U”.
In 1936, Theophile de Donder, in his Thermodynamic Theory of Affinity, employed the symbol “E” for the energy or internal energy of a body. Usage wise, up to this point, among the main 22 thermodynamics authors, from Clausius (1865) to Donder (1936), 36 percent used “E” for internal energy, and 64 percent used “U” for internal energy.[1]
Zemansky | 1937
In 1937, Mark Zemansky, in his Heat and Thermodynamics, provided a notation table, at the beginning of the book, defining things as follows:[6]
H = U + PV
A = U - TS
G = H - TS
where U is "internal energy", A is the "Helmholtz function", and G is the "Gibbs function". Here, aside from his use of the names “Helmholtz function”, which we now called "Helmholtz energy", and “Gibbs function”, which we now call "Gibbs energy", thermodynamics notation and terminology had become “standardized”, historically speaking.
Quotes
The following are related quotes:
“A crisis gives a genius an opportunity to manifest and to exercise itself which it does not have in normal times. The unusual amount of free and mobile energy then available and seeking channels of some sort, old or new, readily lends itself to the control of the master mind. Indeed, without this undirected energy in persons and the body politic there is little chance for leadership. But with it everything is propitious to us for achievement and change.”
Newell Sims (1924), Society and Surplus (pgs. 349-5S0) [7]
“Any chemical reaction moves downhill (∆G < 0) means downhill) on a Gibbs energy surface if it can, driven by the chemical potential difference between the products and the reactants. Chemical change continues until reactant and product chemical potentials are balanced, the Gibbs energy change equals zero, and chemical equilibrium is reaches.”
— William Cropper (2004), Great Physicists (pg. 118) [8]
References
1. 1.0 1.1 Characteristic function notation table – Hmolpedia 2020.
2. Lewis, Gilbert. (1923). Thermodynamics: and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances (amanuensis: Merle Randall) (§14: Criteria of Equilibrium and of Spontaneous Change: the Free Energy, pgs. 155-75). McGraw-Hill.
3. Helmholtz, Hermann. (1882). “On the Thermodynamics of Chemical Processes” ("Die Thermodynamic Chemischer Vorgange"), in: Physical Memoirs Selected and Translated from Foreign Sources, 1:43-97. Physical Society of London, Taylor and Francis, 1888.
4. Gibbs, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts. Sci., 2, 309, 382 (1873); 3, 108, 343 (1875).
5. Guggenheim, Edward, (1933). Modern Thermodynamics: by the Methods of Willard Gibbs. Methuen.
6. Zemansky, Mark. (1937). Heat and Thermodynamics: an Intermediate Textbook for Students of Physics, Chemistry, and Engineering (2nd edition) (notation table, pgs. xiii-xiv; functions defined, pg. 219). McGraw-Hill, 1943
7. Sims, Newell L. (1924). Society and its Surplus: a Study in Social Evolution. Appleton and Co.
8. Cropper, William H. (2001). Great Physicists: the Life and Times of Leading Physicists from Galileo to Hawking (pg. 118). Oxford University Press.
External links
Theta Delta ics T2.jpg | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Romance & Reality 1.pdf/195
Rh to marry,—whether the masculine part of the creation with that attention to business, their great moral duty, calculate on pecuniary futurities, either in the shape of legacy or loan, we know not; but assuredly the magna charta of social life accords much to this privileged class. Mr. Lushington was one of the number. As a child, he cried over his pap, his washing, and dressing, and himself to sleep—for the mere sake, as his nurse asserted, of plaguing her: at school, though neither tyrant nor tell-tale, he was hated,—for his comrades always found his opinion opposite to theirs, a shadow thrown over their hopes, and a sneer affixed to their pleasures. At a very early age he went to India; lived for years in a remote station, where he was equally decided and disliked; and finally came home to adjust the balance of comfort between a hundred thousand pounds and a liver complaint. He made morning calls, for the express purpose of telling the ladies of the house how ill they looked after the fatigues of the night before, and dwelt emphatically on the evils of late hours and ruined complexions; he dined out to insinuate the badness of the dinner, and take an opposite side in politics to | WIKI |
Eurobodalla
The Eurobodalla region of the South Coast in Southeastern New South Wales has an interesting rural/tourist mix. The area is rich in rural charm, having a strong dairy industry. Most of the coastal areas are popular tourist destinations, especially with weekend visitors from Sydney and Canberra.
Towns
* – the regional centre
* – a small town famed for its zoo centred on exotic species
* - picturesque village with boutiques
* - picturesque village with boutiques
* - picturesque village with boutiques
* - picturesque village with boutiques
Other destinations
* – contains many pinkwood forests.
* – a large colony of fur seals and penguins.
* – a large colony of fur seals and penguins.
Understand
Historically, the Eurobodalla region of NSW's South Coast has been an area of primary production, with fishing, timber, dairy and other farming contributing to the wealth of the area. Service towns were built, and steamers connected many of the coastal towns to Sydney and to export markets.
It's also a choice for sea-changes and tree-changers. The first wave of retirees are now being followed by hobby farmers and telecommuters.
With unspoiled beaches and national parks in equal measure, Eurobodalla is a premier holiday destination. In peak holiday season (summer school holidays) the population swells to more than three times the number of long-term residents. It's ideal for road touring or a beach or bush vacation while taking in local food and wines.
80% of the Eurobodalla shire is national park or state forest with extensive stands of spotted gum forest.
The coastal region has a reputation for locals who are easygoing and friendly, environmentally conscious and are even mix between politically liberal and conservative.
Get in
You can get to the South Coast by car. Parts are also accessible by train and bus.
By car
If travelling from the Illawarra or Sydney, travel to Wollongong and join the Princes Highway. It will get you to any part of the South Coast or even deposit you in Melbourne if you go far enough.
Traffic can be very slow around Kiama, south of Wollongong, at the start and end of long weekends or school holidays.
If travelling from Canberra, take the Kings Highway from Queanbeyan to Batemans Bay via Braidwood. The Kings Highway connects to the Princes Highway for access to areas north and south of Batemans Bay.
By bus
The Premier bus does the Princes Highway route a few times a day, stopping in most major towns en route. Murrays also runs a single daily coach service from Canberra to Narooma via Batemans Bay, with brief stops at the towns along the route. The Premier and Murrays services connect at Batemans Bay.
By plane
There are regular scheduled flights to Moruya Airport, or Bega Airport. The latter is in the Sapphire Coast but close to Eurobodalla.
Get around
The best way to get around is to drive. The Princes Highway travels the length of the South Coast and most places aren't far from it.
See
* Before you drive down Mount Ousley pass, stop to look out over Wollongong and the ocean from the top of the Escarpment
* Hanging Rock lookout in Nowra
* Bega Valley Lookout
* Stanwell Tops
Do
* Swim at one of the region's many beaches
* Canoeing in Kangaroo Valley
* Art galleries in Berry
* Dolphin cruise in Jervis Bay
* Jambaroo Recreation Park (The largest theme park in the state)
* Bega Cheese Factory
* Mogo Zoo
* Feed the birds at Green Patch
* Minamurra Rainforest
* Visit the Beecroft Peninsula (extensive bushwalking and many pristine beaches)
Drives
* Kangaroo Valley
Stay safe
Like virtually all of Australia, this is a safe area. However, in the larger towns, you certainly don't escape a level of alcohol-fueled violence at night. Don't let your guard down entirely.
Also, in the locale of Nowra, visitors should stay away from the areas of Junction Court and Nowra East due to higher-than-average cases of pickpocketing, muggings etc.
Beaches are usually patrolled by lifesavers, but ask locals about dangerous surf and bluebottles (aka Indo-Pacific Man o'War). Sunburn is also a risk unless you take steps to protect your skin.
Roads are busy during summer; often people will walk to beaches along the road. Caution is advised during peak periods. | WIKI |
Talk:Jewish existentialism
Clean up
Very interesting article. It just needs a bit of editing. I will make sure it is looked at by some people on the wiki Judaism project.
(Kyuss2009 (talk) 17:40, 7 September 2009 (UTC))
I'd agree, the sectioning does not make much sense. The majority of the article is subsumed under the section 'History' and the only other section is someone's name, (which has a subsection of somebody else's name). Someone who knows about the topic could do with distinguishing between general history of the topic, and the specific notable contributions by different thinkers. (Gardenia (User talk:Gardenia|talk]]) 16:52, 01 January 2010 (UTC))
While the article does need a bit of sorting out, I'm not sure these suggested distinctions are ideal. However I'll leave it for the pros.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:56, 14 May 2010 (UTC)
G-d and God
* Who's this G-d?--Wetman (talk) 01:02, 9 September 2009 (UTC)
Some Orthodox Jews use G-d instead of God out of respect for God's name. Kyuss2009 (talk) 18:09, 11 September 2009 (UTC))
To prevent confusion I have replaced G-d with God. (Kyuss2009 (talk) 18:16, 11 September 2009 (UTC))
Section already covered by Nietzsche article
"Friedrich Nietzsche is often cited as having a large influence on Adolf Hitler, the head of the German Nazi party chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, who’s legendary anti-Semitism was the driving force behind Nazi perpetration of the Holocaust and the Final Solution. Many of Neitzsche’s works have been interpreted as anti-Semitic. For example, On The Genealogy of Morals, one of Nietzsche’s most beloved works, is full of passages lambasting the Jews as a race of weak, parasitic, and conniving people, and God . Though Nietzsche is often seen as a strong advocate of individualism, the National Socialist (Nazi) Party of Germany co-opted some of his writings which emphasize “values of heroism, struggle, and power…paramount to a solidarity based…on the community of the trenches…” . As Hitler himself put it, Nietzsche’s brand of pro-nationalism, ultra-patriotic socialism, “is the socialism of the Front, of Adolf Hitler…the socialism of the Steel Helmet.”
Hitler and the German Nazi party also co-opted Nietzsche stirring words from such books as the classic 1885 Thus Spoke Zarathustra (famous for one of the tag-lines of Existentialism proper, “God is Dead” for their own purposes. There is some speculation that Zarathustra served as one of Hitler’s main influences in writing his own racist magnum opus Mein Kampf (1925). Nietzsche, who’s work makes up a large part of the Existentialist cannon, had a complex (and to this day controversial) attitude towards Jews and Judaism, which makes his influence on Germany in the first half of the twentieth century (as a lead-up to WWII) of particular interest to those concerned with “Jewish Existentialism’ and/or the Holocaust."
From my POV these paragraphs while interesting don't belong in this article but in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche Unless anyone disagrees I will delete them. (Kyuss2009 (talk) 16:07, 12 September 2009 (UTC))
"For example, On The Genealogy of Morals, one of Nietzsche’s most beloved works, is full of passages lambasting the Jews as a race of weak, parasitic, and conniving people.[26]" - This is clearly not the case - refer to main article on On The Genealogy of Morals. Please provide quotation if this argument is to be made. But the argument is not to be made - because wikipedia is not meant for literary criticism - if you want to cite a credible secondary source that says OTGOM really views the Jews as such, please provide the citation. But if so, please also provide contrary sources.
Generalization/POV?
"In general, Christianity de-emphasizes law and the Torah’s commandments, and emphasizes faith in God and general morality. Judaism emphasizes law and the Commandments."
Is this a generalization/POV? (Kyuss2009 (talk) 16:13, 12 September 2009 (UTC)) | WIKI |
33
I need to get data from the serial port of a Linux system and convert it to TCP/IP to send to a server. Is this difficult to do? I have some basic programming experience, but not much experience with Linux. Is there an open source application that do this?
1
• You might find this useful for the TCP/IP-part, and the serial ports you might get a lot of help here. Keep in mind, everything in Linux is "a file", so you could probably "cat" the serial port. Commented Jan 27, 2009 at 19:14
10 Answers 10
36
You don't need to write a program to do this in Linux. Just pipe the serial port through netcat:
netcat www.example.com port </dev/ttyS0 >/dev/ttyS0
Just replace the address and port information. Also, you may be using a different serial port (i.e. change the /dev/ttyS0 part). You can use the stty or setserial commands to change the parameters of the serial port (baud rate, parity, stop bits, etc.).
10
• 2
Typo: change "< cat /dev/ttyS0" to just "< /dev/ttyS0". Function: Might put it in a shell script while : do netcat ... done If there is danger of the file I/O ending, e.g. if it's a modem, loses carrier, etc. Commented Jan 28, 2009 at 2:57
• 2
You might also want to look at socat Commented Jan 28, 2009 at 7:02
• I changed the snippet per Liudvikas. I didn't get a chance to check it last night because of the 3 week old baby at the house! Commented Jan 28, 2009 at 20:16
• 1
Amazing! What is the purpose of piping in and out to the same device?
– devwannabe
Commented May 29, 2017 at 19:51
• 1
It would be nice if someone can edit this answer and explain about the logic behind the < and > , what happend first ? how that works ? maybe it looks trivial, but i need to make some redirections to logfiles also and find that challanging ...
– chenchuk
Commented Feb 7, 2019 at 8:48
13
I stumbled upon this question via a Google search for a very similar one (using the serial port on a server from a Linux client over TCP/IP), so, even though this is not an answer to exact original question, some of the code might be useful to the original poster, I think:
• Making a Linux box with a serial port listen on the TCP port to share the modem: ser2net
• Using this "shared" modem from another Linux workstation: remtty
1
• I got here the same way; +1 for providing a link to ser2net, it looks like what I was looking for.
– Dennis
Commented Feb 12, 2010 at 4:05
8
You can create a serial-over-LAN (SOL) connection by using socat. It can be used to 'forward' a ttyS to another machine so it appears as a local one or you can access it via a TCP/IP port.
3
• 2
According to this page, socat doesn't directly support RFC 2217, but it provides a patch to support it. Commented Mar 18, 2013 at 4:59
• ttyS? Do you mean ttys? Commented Apr 20, 2018 at 14:39
• If the client side expects serial ioctls this won't work.
– andyn
Commented Nov 2, 2021 at 11:50
6
All the tools you would need are already available to you on most modern distributions of Linux.
As several have pointed out you can pipe the serial data through netcat. However you would need to relaunch a new instance each time there is a connection. In order to have this persist between connections you can create a xinetd service using the following configuration:
service testservice
{
port = 5900
socket_type = stream
protocol = tcp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/bin/netcat
server_args = "-l 5900 < /dev/ttyS0"
}
Be sure to change the /dev/ttyS0 to match the serial device you are attempting to interface with.
3
Open a port in your server with netcat and start listening:
nc -lvp port number
And on the machine you are reading the serial port, send it with netcat as root:
nc <IP address> portnumber < /dev/ttyACM0
If you want to store the data on the server you can redirect the data to a text file.
First create a file where you are saving the data:
touch data.txt
And then start saving data
nc -lvp port number > data.txt
1
• This will work but it requires access to terminal on the machine that hosts the port. A more robust solution is to use ser2net where the server acts like a regular server for accessing remote resource. Of course this way is more "secure" as you need to physically connect using SSH to the remote system first before you're able to access the serial port but at the same time it is far less convenient than ser2net. Kind of depends on what you need... Commented Oct 13, 2019 at 10:12
3
TCP to Serial Systemd service
When your Linux machine runs systemd (most do), you can create a neat service to make an (USB) serial device available over TCP (telnet).
SECURITY WARNING: Exposing a serial device over TCP is a security risk.
In this example I am using:
• TCP Port 5900
• Serial device /dev/ttyUSB0 (used 2 times)
• Serial speed 115200 Bps
You can edit these in the example below. Check the manual of stty and nc (netcat) for more options.
All commands below assume you are user root. If you aren't execute: sudo su -
The directory /etc/systemd/system should already exist. If it doesn't your system probably is not running Systemd.
Create the file /etc/systemd/system/tcp2serial.service with contents:
[Unit]
Description=TCP to Serial
[Service]
TTYPath=/dev/ttyUSB0
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/stty -F /dev/ttyUSB0 speed 115200
ExecStart=/usr/bin/nc -k -l 5900
StandardInput=tty
StandardOutput=tty
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
When you created the file you can execute systemctl start tcp2serial to start the service.
From another Linux computer in the same network you can connect to it using telnet [server] 5900. To exit telnet press Ctrl+] and type quit Enter
When you have edited the service file, execute these two commands:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart tcp2serial
To make the service start on boot execute:
systemctl enable tcp2serial
2
I had the same problem.
I'm not quite sure about open source applications, but I have tested command line Serial over Ethernet for Linux and... it works for me.
Also thanks to Judge Maygarden for the instructions.
1
• I am -1-ing this answer as it looks like an ad for commercial product. Maybe it is maybe it isn't - I don't really know however things like accessing resources by remote on Linux is provided pretty much out of the box and no fancy user interface is needed to do it. Commented Oct 13, 2019 at 10:09
1
I think your question isn't quite clear. There are several answers here on how to catch the data coming into a Linux's serial port, but perhaps your problem is the other way around?
If you need to catch the data coming out of a Linux's serial port and send it to a server, there are several little hardware gizmos that can do this, starting with the simple serial print server such as this Lantronix gizmo.
No, I'm not affiliated with Lantronix in any way.
1
I have been struggling with the problem for a few days now.
The problem for me originated with VirtualBox/Ubuntu. I have lots of USB serial ports on my machine. When I tried to assign one of them to the VM it clobbered all of them - i.e. the host and other VMs were no longer able to use their USB serial devices.
My solution is to set up a stand-alone serial server on a netbook I happen to have in the closet.
I tried ser2net and it worked to put the serial port on the wire, but remtty did not work. I need to get the port as a tty on the VM.
socat worked perfectly.
There are good instructions here:
Example for remote tty (tty over TCP) using socat
-1
You might find Perl or Python useful to get data from the serial port. To send data to the server, the solution could be easy if the server is (let's say) an HTTP application or even a popular database. The solution would be not so easy if it is some custom/proprietary TCP application.
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2018 UST Growling Tigers basketball team
The 2018 UST Growling Tigers men's basketball team represented University of Santo Tomas in the 81st season of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines. The men's basketball tournament for the school year 2018-19 began on September 8, 2018, and the host school for the season was National University.
The Tigers finished sixth at the end of the double round-robin eliminations with 5 games and 9 losses. UST at one point during the second round was at fourth place in the standings, but they went on to lose all four of their remaining games and crashed out of the Final Four matches.
They had an average losing margin of 21.0 points and an average winning margin of 9.8 points.
Two of the Growling Tigers' opponents gave them blowout losses in both rounds of the eliminations. The Ateneo Blue Eagles won over them by 32 and 40 points in each round, while the De La Salle Green Archers won by 27 and 41 points.
The 41-point loss to La Salle was the worst in the career of Aldin Ayo, the one-time back-to-back NCAA and UAAP champion coach.
Returning fourth year point guard Renzo Subido was chosen Player of the Week by the UAAP Press Corps in the first round of eliminations for the duration of September 12–16, while rookie CJ Cansino received the citation twice on the weeks of October 10–14 and October 24–28.
Cansino, the Season 80 Juniors MVP also made history when he became the first rookie to score a triple-double since UAAP statistics were first officially recorded in 2003. Against the UE Red Warriors in the second round, Cansino tallied 20 points, 14 rebounds, and 10 assists.
The Growling Tigers also recorded a single-game league best 59 rebounds in their opening game on September 8, 2018, against the NU Bulldogs.
Roster changes
Only big man Jeepy Faundo has graduated, but the team experienced an exodus of players before the start of the UAAP season.
Regie Boy Basibas, who had suited up for the Tigers in their preseason games, and Joco Macasaet, their veteran center, were both faced with uncertainties regarding the league's age eligibility rules as both players were turning 25 within the school year. Both of them decided to move on from the team to play in the commercial leagues.
Jordan Sta. Ana also played in the preseason, but decided to go on leave for personal reasons. He later announced his transfer to Letran.
The official lineup for UST's Season 81 campaign consisted of nine new players (eight rookies, one transferee), four holdovers and two returnees.
With a champion coach tapped to handle the team, analysts have stressed how the team is still in a rebuilding phase and have once again predicted UST to miss out on a Final Four finish.
Coaching changes
Aldin Ayo replaced Boy Sablan as head coach on January 11, 2018. The coaching change was announced by Institute of Physical Education and Athletics (IPEA) director Fr. Jannel Abogado following Sablan's resignation on November 20, 2017, together with his entire coaching staff.
Ayo, a former player of the 1998 and 1999 NCAA champion Letran Knights came into coaching prominence after leading the Knights to the 2015 championship on his first year and duplicating the feat when he jumped over to the UAAP to lead La Salle to the 2016 championship. At the end of Season 80, he made a decision to sign with UST where he will coach the men's basketball team for the next six years.
Coaching Staff
Appointed as Ayo's deputies were McJour Luib, Kristoffer Co, Bonnie Garcia, Randy Alcantara, Jason Misolas, Nap Garcia, Ruden de Vera, Philip Go, Marvin Pangilinan, and Noel Zorilla.
* McJour Luib was a player of the 2015 NCAA champion Letran Knights under Ayo. After his second and last playing year in 2016, he accepted an invitation to be in Ayo's coaching staff at La Salle. He was the first to join Ayo at UST, where aside from scouting opponents, he will also coach the Tiger Cubs' under-15 basketball team.
* Kristoffer Co was also a member of Ayo's coaching staff at La Salle.
* Bonnie Garcia is a veteran coach who led the Colegio de San Lorenzo Griffins to the 2017 UCBL and NCR-UCLAA championships.
* He was also the head coach of the Sta. Lucia basketball team in the PCBL in 2015, as well as a team consultant for the FedEx Express team in the PBA before becoming full-fledged coach in 2003. The former coach of the Manuel L. Quezon University Pythons also called shots in the MBA: for the Pampanga Dragons in 2000, and the Laguna Lakers in 1998 and 2001. He was an assistant coach of the Mapúa Cardinals under Atoy Co, and the San Beda Red Lions under Frankie Lim.
* As a collegiate player, Garcia was the team captain of the three-time Metro Manila Universities Athletic Association (MMUCAA) champions, the FEATI University Hi-Flyers.
* He was chosen to replace Chris Cantonjos as the head coach of the UST Tiger Cubs.
* Randy Alcantara is the head coach of the San Juan Knights basketball team in the MPBL and the Malayan High School of Science Red Robins. He is also an assistant coach of the Mapúa Cardinals under Atoy Co.
* Alcantara was being seriously considered to replace Aldin Ayo as Letran's head coach but school officials eventually decided to hire Jeff Napa for the position.
* He was a former Mapúa Cardinal who played for the Tanduay franchises in the PBL and in the MBA for the Laguna Lakers under coach Bonnie Garcia. He was picked by the Formula Shell team in the third round of 1998 PBA rookie draft.
* Former PBA player Jason Misolas was a teammate of Aldin Ayo at Letran when they won the NCAA men's basketball title in 1999.
* Napoleon Garcia is a member of the Letran Knights' coaching staff under Jeff Napa. He was also an assistant coach of the University of Baguio Cardinals and the San Sebastian Staglets juniors basketball team.
* Ruden de Vera was one of Ayo's assistant coaches at Aemillanum College in Sorsogon City in 2009.
* Philip Lee Go was hired as the strength and conditioning coach of the Growling Tigers. He has been the strength and conditioning coach of the Café France team in the PBA D-League since 2012. He also joined the San Juan Knights' staff in the MPBL and the Saint Stephen's High School later in the year.
* Marvin Pangilinan has been the physical therapist of the Tigers since 2017. He has been the strength and conditioning coach of the basketball and volleyball teams of Mapúa since 2016, and Chiang Kai Shek since 2014. He also served as Kaya FC's physiotherapist from 2015 until 2016.
* Noel Zorilla was a UST Yellow Jackets' head cheerleader. He is also the strength and conditioning coach of the Adamsom Lady Falcons basketball team and the Imus Bandera team in the MPBL.
Injuries
* Steve Akomo's season was cut short after only four games due to a season-ending concussion. He missed the October 3 game against La Salle on suspected food poisoning, but was later found to have blood clots in the head.
* Akomo was also not able to play in the preseason due to a knee injury.
* CJ Cansino sustained an ACL injury during their game against the UP Fighting Maroons in the second round. He sprained his left foot during their previous game against the Adamson Falcons and had to be assisted in getting up for treatment in the team's locker room. He came back to finish the game with less than two minutes left in the fourth quarter. He also sprained his ankle as a result of a bad landing from a layup drive at the end of the first half during their game against UE in the second round. He came back to start the second half and ended the game with a triple-double.
* Renzo Subido missed their game against the UE Red Warriors in the second round after suffering an injury on his left ankle. He was back for their next game against La Salle. He also missed some preseason games due to another ankle injury.
* JM Lagumen injured his right leg in the second round of eliminations which caused him to miss the remaining games of the season.
* Mario Bonleon had a few on-and-off injuries throughout the season. He had a shoulder injury during one of their preseason games and got injured again with less than two months to go before the start of the UAAP tournament.
* Enric Caunan missed some preseason games due to a foot injury.
Preseason tournaments
The Filoil Preseason Cup games were aired on 5 Plus and ESPN 5. The UCBL games were aired on Solar Sports.
UAAP games
Elimination games were played in a double round-robin format and all of UST's games were televised on ABS-CBN Sports and Action and Liga.
UAAP Statistics
Source: Imperium Technology | WIKI |
Page:Two Poems - Browning and Browning (1854).djvu/10
Healthy children, with those blue English eyes, fresh from their Maker, Fierce and ravenous, staring through At the brown loaves of the baker.
I am listening here in Rome, And the Romans are confessing, "English children pass in bloom All the prettiest made for blessing.
Angli angeli!" (resumed From the mediæval story) "Such rose angelhoods, emplumed In such ringlets of pure glory!"
Can we smooth down the bright hair, O my sisters, calm, unthrilled in Our heart's pulses? Can we bear The sweet looks of our own children, | WIKI |
Lexus IS (1998-2023) firing order — what is it? | REREV (2024)
The IS model is a flagship vehicle from the Lexus executive mid-size sedan category. Now in its third generation, it’s still a favorite pick of many enthusiasts. During three generations of the IS a lot of dependable engine options have been used, from four-cylinders to V8s.
So, this guide on Lexus IS (1998-2023) firing order should help you navigate through the cylinders of your particular engine and sort minor firing issues. Our team will cover the details concerning the cylinder layout as well, so let’s get into it.
LEXUS IS YEARSENGINE FIRING ORDER
1st Gen (1998-2004) 2.0L 1-3-4-2
3.0L 1-5-3-6-2-4
2nd Gen (2005-2012) 2.5L V61-2-3-4-5-6
3.0L V61-2-3-4-5-6
3.5L V61-2-3-4-5-6
5.0L V81-8-7-3-6-5-4-2
3rd Gen (2013-present)2.0L turbo1-3-4-2
2.5L 1-2-3-4-5-6
3.5L V61-2-3-4-5-6
5.0L V81-8-7-3-6-5-4-2
First-generation Lexus IS (1998-2004) firing order
The first-gen Lexus IS model featured a 2.0-liter engine as the base option and a famous straight-six 2JZ engine as the higher-trim spec. It was also the IS model with the lowest number of available engine options, so we’ll discuss those two engines first before we move on to the next model.
Lexus IS 2.0L firing order
Lexus IS (1998-2023) firing order — what is it? | REREV (1)
The Lexus IS 2.0L firing order is 1-3-4-2 and such firing order is pretty common for all the Lexus four-cylinder engines. It’s a straight-four engine, but a specific thing about Lexus inline-four engines is that they are oriented front to back.
In other words, the first cylinder is the front-most cylinder of the engine, while cylinders 2, 3, and 4 follow up toward the rear end.
Lexus IS 3.0L firing order
Lexus IS (1998-2023) firing order — what is it? | REREV (2)
Unlike the 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine, the 3.0-liter option was much more rare for this model. The specific thing about this engine is that it’s a 2JZ powertrain based on the engine from Toyota Supra, only this one isn’t turbocharged.
So, the Lexus IS 3.0L firing order is 1-5-3-6-2-4 and this one is important to remember because there’s another 3.0-liter engine used in the following generation models, only it’s a V6 with a different cylinder configuration. For this straight-six engine, the cylinders are ordered from the first one at the front of the engine toward the sixth one at the rear end in a straight order.
Second-generation Lexus IS (2005-2012) firing order
For the second-gen Lexus IS model, the engine selection was updated with a few more six-cylinder options, but this time these were all V6 engines. So, their firing order is significantly different from the 3.0L engine used in the previous generation of the IS.
There was also a V8 engine introduced in the engine lineup for the first time with this generation in the sport Lexus IS-F version, so let’s take a closer look.
Lexus IS 2.5L firing order
Lexus IS (1998-2023) firing order — what is it? | REREV (3)
The Lexus IS 2.5L firing order is 1-2-3-4-5-6 and this engine is a longitudinal V6. That means the cylinders are laid out in two cylinder banks, including the odd numbers 1, 3, and 5 on the passenger’s side, and even cylinder numbers 2, 4, and 6 on the driver’s side.
All the cylinders are ordered front to rear in their respective banks, so that makes it easier to do the cylinder numbering.
Lexus IS 3.0L V6 firing order
Lexus IS (1998-2023) firing order — what is it? | REREV (4)
As for the 2.5-liter engine, the Lexus 3.0L firing order is also 1-2-3-4-5-6, but this time the engine’s cylinders are laid out differently. The reason for this is the transverse cylinder placement of the engine and that means the cylinders are divided into two banks, one being on top of the other.
So, the upper cylinder bank features cylinder numbers 1, 3, and 5, while cylinders 2, 4, and 6 are ordered in the lower cylinder bank from left to right.
Lexus IS 3.5L V6 firing order
Lexus IS (1998-2023) firing order — what is it? | REREV (5)
The largest V6 engine option featured in the second-gen Lexus IS was the 3.5-liter engine, and its firing order is 1-2-3-4-5-6. However, we once again have a different cylinder placement in this case, and cylinders are ordered within the driver’s side and the passenger’s side banks.
Cylinders 1, 3, and 5 are laid out on the driver’s side front to rear, while the opposite cylinder bank houses cylinders 2, 4, and 6 also front to rear.
Lexus IS 5.0L firing order
Lexus IS (1998-2023) firing order — what is it? | REREV (6)
If you own the “F” version of the car, the Lexus IS 5.0L firing order 1-8-7-3-6-5-4-2 and this engine is a regular V8 made by Toyota and Lexus. So, the driver’s side cylinders are laid out in order 1, 3, 5, and 7 front to rear, while passenger side cylinders are 2, 4, 6, and 8 front to rear.
Third-generation Lexus IS (2013-present) firing order
The third-gen IS model featured a lot of common engines with the second-gen model, and these include the 2.5-liter and 3.5-liter V6 engines, along with the V8 from the IS-F version.
The only newly-added engine for this generation model is the 2.0-liter turbo petrol engine, and we’ll discuss that one since we already talked about the previously mentioned ones.
Lexus IS 2.0L turbo firing order
Lexus IS (1998-2023) firing order — what is it? | REREV (7)
The Lexus IS 2.0L turbo firing order is 1-3-4-2, and cylinders are ordered 1 to 4 front to rear in a straight line. So, it’s similar to the 2.0-liter engine used in the first-gen IS model, with the addition of the forced induction turbo system.
Still, the basic maintenance needs are the same, and you’ll have all it takes to properly address misfiring issues and similar problems.
Our take
As fellow automotive enthusiasts, our team sincerely aims to help with the maintenance of your Lexus IS, and hopefully, this guide gives you all the right tools. Make sure to differentiate between the straight-six and the V6 3.0-liter engine and thoroughly follow the firing pattern and cylinder arrangement outlined for each engine.
Lexus IS (1998-2023) firing order — what is it? | REREV (2024)
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通过代理pgpool来访问postgresql
环境说明
主postgresql：192.168.2.196
从postgresql：192.168.2.71
pgpool:192.168.2.102 #为了省机器可用放在从postgresql机器上
主从数据库上有能被pgpool服务器访问的账号密码
test 123456
如果没有的话，在主数据库上创建用户
create user test password '123456';
安装
下载源码包
wget http://www.pgpool.net/mediawiki/images/pgpool-II-3.6.5.tar.gz
tar -xf pgpool-II-3.6.5.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
cd /usr/local/src/pgpool-II-3.6.5
依赖
yum -y install gcc postgresql-devel #如果是在从服务器安装的pgpool 不需要安装postgresql-devel
编译安装
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgpool --with-pgsql=/usr/include/pgsql/
#如果之在从postgresql安装的。请讲编译的路径指向postgresql的安装路径
make; make install
添加环境变量
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgpool/bin" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
pcp.conf配置文件(这个文件在这个服务中没起到作用，可以无视)
使用pg_md5生成加密的密码
pg_md5 123456
#结果如下
e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e
假如pcp为账号
(pgpool-II 有一个控制接口，管理员可以通过它远程收集 pgpool-II 的状态信息或者终止 pgpool-II 进程。
pcp.conf
是用于这个接口认证的用户/密码文件)
cd /usr/local/pgpool/etc
cp pcp.conf.sample pcp.conf
echo "pcp:e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e" >> pcp.conf
pgpool.conf配置文件（核心文件）
复制pgpool文件
cd /usr/local/pgpool/etc
cp pgpool.conf.sample pgpool.conf
需要修改的配置如下
vi pgpool.conf
listen_addresses = '*'
backend_hostname0 = '192.168.2.196' #主机ip
backend_port0 = 5432
backend_weight0 = 1 #loadbalance不开启
backend_data_directory0 = '/usr/local/postgresql/data' #数据目录
backend_flag0 = 'ALLOW_TO_FAILOVER'
backend_hostname1 = '192.168.2.71' #备机ip
backend_port1 = 5432
backend_weight1 = 1
backend_data_directory1 = '/usr/local/postgresql/data'
backend_flag1 = 'ALLOW_TO_FAILOVER'
#这里是连接pgpool登录的账号密码
enable_pool_hba = on
master_slave_mode = on
master_slave_sub_mode = 'stream'
sr_check_period = 1 #启用
sr_check_user = 'replicator' #流复制账号
sr_check_password = '123456' #流复制密码
#健康检测
health_check_period = 1 # Health check period Disabled (0) by default
health_check_timeout = 10 # Health check timeout 0 means no timeout
health_check_user = 'test' # Health check user
health_check_password = '123456' # 健康检查的密码
health_check_database = 'postgres' #数据库
主postgresql挂掉后执行的脚本
failover_command = 'sh /shell/failover.sh'
下面是failover.sh脚本的内容，很简单，ip自己改下
mkdir /shell
vi /shell/failover.sh
#!/bin/bash
ssh 192.168.2.71 'su postgres -c "/usr/local/postgresql/bin/pg_ctl promote -m fast -D /usr/local/postgresql/data"'
设置pool_hba.conf 类似postgresql的pg_hba.conf
复制pool_hba.conf
cp pool_hba.conf.sample pool_hba.conf
我的是这样的，其实可以把pg_hba.conf文件复制过来
local all all trust
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
host replication replicator 0.0.0.0/0 md5
host all all ::1/128 trust
设置登录pgpool的账号密码,请注意的是用户名和密码必须和 PostgreSQL 中注册的一样
pg_md5 -m -u test 123456
需要认证ssh，不然无法执行脚本，因为只需要操作从postgresql，所以只添加这一台（请参照博文另一篇linux登录免密设置
ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id 192.168.2.71
测试
pid默认文件是在这里 /var/run/pgpool
还有状态文件放在这里 /var/log/pgpool
mkdir /var/run/pgpool
mkdir /var/log/pgpool
启动服务前可以pgpool -n查看启动状态
[root@localhost etc]# pgpool -n
2017-07-25 10:00:21: pid 9227: LOG: Backend status file /var/log/pgpool/pgpool_status does not exist
2017-07-25 10:00:21: pid 9227: LOG: Setting up socket for 0.0.0.0:9999
2017-07-25 10:00:21: pid 9227: LOG: Setting up socket for :::9999
2017-07-25 10:00:21: pid 9227: LOG: find_primary_node_repeatedly: waiting for finding a primary node
2017-07-25 10:00:21: pid 9227: LOG: find_primary_node: checking backend no 0
2017-07-25 10:00:21: pid 9227: LOG: find_primary_node: primary node id is 0
2017-07-25 10:00:21: pid 9227: LOG: pgpool-II successfully started. version 3.6.5 (subaruboshi)
启动服务(pgpool设置的账号)
pgpool
psql postgres -h 192.168.2.102 -p 9999 -U 'test'
输入设置的密码123456
停止主postgresql服务之前
postgres=# show pool_nodes;
node_id | hostname | port | status | lb_weight | role | select_cnt | load_balance_node | replication_delay
---------+---------------+------+--------+-----------+---------+------------+-------------------+-------------------
0 | 192.168.2.196 | 5432 | up | 0.500000 | primary | 0 | true | 0
1 | 192.168.2.71 | 5432 | up | 0.500000 | standby | 0 | false | 0
(2 rows)
停止主postgresql服务后
postgres=# show pool_nodes;
node_id | hostname | port | status | lb_weight | role | select_cnt | load_balance_node | replication_delay
---------+---------------+------+--------+-----------+---------+------------+-------------------+-------------------
0 | 192.168.2.196 | 5432 | down | 0.500000 | standby | 0 | false | 0
1 | 192.168.2.71 | 5432 | up | 0.500000 | primary | 0 | true | 0
(2 rows)
补充部分
pgpool用户手册 有详细配置文件说明及其使用
原文链接：https://www.hyahm.com/article/150
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Early Self-contained Arable System
The early European settlers who came to New Zealand last century were familiar with agriculture as practised in their home countries and followed similar methods here. Broadly speaking, their system was a self-contained arable one, including areas in grain, with roots as a supplementary food for stock, and some pasture. Oats were grown as feed for the working horses and a little pasture hay was made. The pastures were of nondescript type and usually deteriorated rapidly. No fertilisers were applied. The following statistics relate to farming in the Auckland Province in 1855 and give some idea of the system followed:
|Area fenced||43,761 acres|
In many places this system was not a success. The cash cropping and continued cultivation inherent in the plan depleted the supply of plant nutrients and organic matter in the soil, and declining fertility frequently resulted. Where the natural fertility of the land was low, production could not be sustained at a profitable level. Towards the end of the century it became known in New Zealand that artificial fertilisers were in use overseas and were proving successful in replenishing and building up the supply of plant nutrients in impoverished and naturally infertile soils. In 1904 the first fertiliser trials in the Waikato district were laid down by the Department of Agriculture, a phosphatic fertiliser, basic slag, being used. Excellent responses were obtained and a new era in farming techniques was opened up. | FINEWEB-EDU |
viv:crawl-enqueue-url
adds an absolute URL to be crawled
Synopsis
node
viv:crawl-enqueue-url
(url, crawl-url);
string url;
node-set crawl-url;
Description
This extension is valid only while using the search-engine to crawl. If used in any other context, it will either be undefined or will generate an error. In the crawler, calling this function with a single arguments adds an absolute URL to be crawled. If the URL is relative, viv:url-resolve-base should be used before calling this extensions.
If this function is called with the optional second argument, the URL specified in the first parameter over-writes the node's url attribute if the URL specified in the first parameter evaluates to true. If the URL specified in the first parameter evaluates to false, the node's url attribute will remain unchanged.
Arguments
• url: the (absolute) URL to enqueue.
• crawl-url: a crawler XML node.
Returns
an empty nodeset and has a side effect of changing the crawl queue. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
blog posts
Unlocking The Laptop With Only One Screwdriver!
Unlocking The Laptop With Only One Screwdriver!
Although In The Past, We Could Clear The BIOS Password By Disconnecting The Motherboard Battery, This Method Does Not Work In New Laptops.
Interestingly, researchers have shown that with only one screwdriver, the BIOS password of laptops can be bypassed. Read details in Hardware City.
Breaking the laptop lock with a screwdriver
We know that laptop manufacturers have moved the BIOS password to non-volatile memory chips in recent years, which can no longer be erased by removing the motherboard battery. Therefore, forgetting the BIOS password can be a serious problem.
The security experts at CyberCX ran into exactly such a scenario and forgot the password of an old Lenovo L440 laptop that had been retired. While trying to bypass the BIOS lock, they treat it as an adventure that has an interesting result.
Since the BIOS password is stored inside an EEPROM chip in modern laptops, removing the battery will no longer erase it. Therefore, bypassing this chip causes the BIOS password to be forgotten and has attracted the attention of researchers.
The laptop in question has two other EEPROM chips, making it difficult to find the chip containing the password.
However, once the correct chip was found, bypassing the BIOS password required only shorting its two pins with a screwdriver.
Remove laptop password
Researchers have shown that by short-circuiting the SCL and SDA pins at the right time when turning on the laptop, the BIOS skips the step of entering the password, and the laptop lock is easily bypassed. By doing this trick, the user will be taken directly to the BIOS settings page.
Although the discussed method and the simplicity of bypassing the BIOS password seem interesting, it probably won’t work for new laptops. We know that in new laptops, BIOS and EEPROM are placed inside a single chip. Therefore, bypassing the BIOS password requires more complex and difficult techniques. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Philo (journal)
Citations, information need updating
The about page for the journal is now gone. The citation needs to be updated, or the information removed. Jodi.A.Schneider (talk) 19:18, 28 July 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Earl Browne
Earl James Browne (March 5, 1911 – January 12, 1993) was an American professional baseball player and manager. An outfielder and first baseman, he threw and batted left-handed, stood 6 ft tall and weighed 175 lb. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, and attended Manual High School in that city.
Browne spent one full season and parts of three others in Major League Baseball between 1935 and 1938, toiling for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Philadelphia Phillies. During his full season, spent with the 1937 Phillies, Browne appeared in 102 games, with 97 hits in 322 at bats for a .294 batting average, including six home runs and 52 runs batted in. Overall, he batted .284 with six homers and 69 RBI in 143 MLB games.
Browne also had a 22-year career in minor league baseball as a southpaw pitcher, outfielder and first baseman. He batted .304 in 2,167 minor league games, with 183 home runs and 1,301 RBI, and twice batted over .400 as a playing manager in the Class D KITTY League (1946–1947) as skipper of the Owensboro Oilers, a Boston Braves farm club. He compiled a 51–42 won/lost mark in six years as a minor league pitcher.
He died in Whittier, California, at the age of 81. | WIKI |
User:Karolynliberty
Vehement about the use of wikipedia in education.
Some edits for grammar. Several edits about Oklahoma City. Additions to social psychology subtopics. Planning to add more information about new novels not already on Wikipedia, like http://www.amazon.com/Cathy-E.-Zaragoza/e/B007GRR2HE/ref=ntt_athr_dp_pel_1
Didn't realize there were user pages until 2013. | WIKI |
Common symptoms of menopause and how you can manage them effectively
Menopause is the last stage of a gradual natural process that leads to menstruation stopping permanently and signals the end of a woman’s reproductive period. The transition period before menopause is called perimenopause, when the body starts producing less oestrogen. During this period, women may experience some emotional and physical changes. Some women experience great discomfort while others hardly notice any difference in their bodies or moods.
Some symptoms of menopause include irregular menses, weight gain, loss of muscle strength, tiredness, body aches, thinning hair, drier and more wrinkled skin, and mood swings. Some may experience headaches and palpitations. There is also a rapid loss of bone mass in the first three to five years after menopause starts, which may lead to osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures. A decline in oestrogen levels in older women after menopause leads to higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, which contributes to higher risk of heart disease.
To effectively cope with menopause:
• Have a healthy, well-balanced diet to combat weight gain. One should reduce sugar and fat intake and increase intake of whole grains/ brown rice. Fermented beans and soy products such as beancurd are high in phytoestrogens and may reduce menopausal symptoms.
• Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake to prevent osteoporosis. An adult 50 years and above needs about 1000mg of elemental calcium daily and 400–1000 IU of vitamin D daily. Most women do not get enough vitamin D as it is derived from exposure to sunlight, hence it is good to do a blood test to check for levels of vitamin D.
• Lead an active lifestyle with regular exercise, including cardio, weight bearing and balance exercises. Post menopausal women who exercise regularly are about half as likely to develop diabetes compared to their sedentary counterparts. Gentle exercises that promote mobility, flexibility and relaxation also decrease stiffness and soreness of muscles.
• Get enough rest and sleep. If you have hot flushes that disturb your sleep, wear cool clothing and reduce your intake of alcohol, coffee and spicy food.
You can also do a health check to exclude hypothyroidism – also known as underactive thyroid – if you complain of weight gain and tiredness. All perimenopausal and menopausal women should have health check-ups, which include a breast screening, Pap smear, as well as screening for risk of heart disease, diabetes, cholesterol, hypertension and bone density changes. Early detection and treatment of these illnesses will improve quality of life in later years.
In cases where symptoms of menopause are bothersome and severe, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be prescribed. However, most of the time, lifestyle changes and understanding the process of menopause will help one manage the symptoms well. Most women do not need treatment for menopause and continue to live active and interesting lives after menopause. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Shauraseni Prakrit
Shauraseni Prakrit (शौरसेनी प्राकृत) was a Middle Indo-Aryan language and a Dramatic Prakrit. Shauraseni was the chief language used in drama in medieval northern India. Most of the material in this language originates from the 3rd to 10th centuries, and represented a regional language variety with minor modifications to the same linguistic substratum as other Dramatic Prakrit varieties. It may be based on the spoken vernacular around the 2nd century BC in the ancient state of Surasena.
Among the Prakrits, Shauraseni is said to be the one most closely related to Classical Sanskrit in that it "is derived from the Old Indian Indo-Aryan dialect of the Madhyadeśa on which Classical Sanskrit was mainly based." Its descendants include Punjabi, Gujarati, Rajasthani and Western Hindi. | WIKI |
Talk:National Register of Historic Places listings in Warren County, Kentucky
Coordinates
The following coordinates haven't yet been checked against nomination forms. I'll remove entries after checking them. Nyttend (talk) 22:41, 24 February 2014 (UTC)
* 1) Dunklau Site (15WA374; 15WA380) — address restricted
* 2) William F. Perry Monument — Fairview Cemetery, north of the junction of Kentucky Route 234 and Collette Ln. | WIKI |
Page:History of Greece Vol IX.djvu/155
XENOPHON AND SILANUS. 133 flection was at fault, to recur to the inspired authority of an orack or a prophet, and to offer sacrifice, in full confidence that the gods would vouchsafe to communicate a special revelation to any person whom they favored. Accordingly Xenophon, previous to any com- munication with the soldiers respecting his new project, was anxious to ascertain the will of the gods by a special sacrifice ; fo; which he invoked the presence of the Ambrakiot Silanus, the chief prophet in the army. This prophet (as I have already mentioned), before the battle of Kunaxa, had assured Cyrus that Artaxerxes would not fight for ten days, and the prophecy came to pass ; which made such an impression on Cyrus that he re- warded him with the prodigious present of three thousand darics or ten Attic talents. While others were returning poor, Silanus, having contrived to preserve this sum throughout all the hardships of the retreat, was extremely rich, and anxious only to hasten home with his treasure in safety. He heard with strong repug nance the project of remaining in the Euxine, and determined to traverse it by intrigue. As far as concerned the sacrifices, indeed, which he offered apart with Xenophon, he was obliged to admit that the indications of the victims were favorable; 1 Xenophon to understand and appropriate to ourselves the ordinary comforts of life ; in obscure or untelligible cases, we are enabled to inform ourselves by look- ing at the blaze of the fire, or by consulting prophets who understand the livers of sacrificial victims and the flight of birds. When they have thus furnished so excellent a provision for life, who but spoilt children can be discontented, and ask for more ? Yet still human prudence, full of self- conceit, will struggle to be more powerful, and will presume itself to b wiser, than the gods." "A (5' OT' uaTifjta, KOV aati[j.v, deov Karaanev^v fiiov Aoirof Toiavrjjv, olaiv OVK apiteZ rude ; 'AM,' fi Qpovjiaif TOV i?eoO IIEI&V atieveiv Zrjrel- rb yavpov (5* ev %epolv KEKTrj/tevoi AoKoCjMev elvai 6ai.fj.6vuv aofyuTe.pct, (Supplices, 211). It will be observed that this constant outpouring of special revelations, through prophets, omens, etc., was (in the view of these Sokratic thinkers) an essential part of the divine government ; indispensable to satisfy theif ideas of the benevolence of the gods ; since rational and scientific prediction was so habitually at fault and unable tc fathom the phenomena of the fa ture. > Xen. Anab. v, 6, 29. | WIKI |
Lycodon cardamomensis
Lycodon cardamomensis, also known as the Cardamom Mountains wolf snake, is a species of nonvenomous colubrid snake found in south-western Cambodia and eastern Thailand.
Etymology
Lycodon cardamomensis is named for the Cardamom hills in south-western Cambodia, the region from which the type specimen was collected.
Description
The head of the snake is clearly differentiated from the neck, and flattened slightly. The nose protrudes beyond the lower jaw. The eyes are vertical ellipses. The body is rounded above, and flat on the belly. A holotype for the species had a snout-to-vent length of 25.2 centimeters, and a tail-length of 6.4 centimeters, giving it a total length of 31.6 centimeters.
The body of the snake is black on the back and tail, with 12 white stripes across the back and six across the tail. The stripes are 3-5 scales wide along the top, widening to 5-9 scales on the sides. The first two bands are completely black, while the rest have black speckles on them. The top of the head is black with lighter markings, while the underside of the head and body is white.
Reproduction
Lycodon cardamomensis is oviparous, or egg-laying.
Phylogeny
Lycodon cardamomensis is a member of the genus Lycodon, a genus of snakes commonly known as wolf snakes. The genus belongs to the snake family Colubridae, the largest snake family, with member species being found on every continent except Antarctica.
Habitat & ecology
L. cardamomensis is a terrestrial nocturnal species, which has been observed in both primary and secondary forest. It has been observed at altitudes of between 500 and 700 meters above sea level.
Distribution
L. cardamomensis has been observed in Pursat Province of Cambodia, as well as in Eastern Thailand. It is thought to be endemic to the Cardamom Hills of that region. Erroneous records exist from the highlands of Vietnam, as well as some records from the same region that have yet to be verified.
Conservation
The range of the species overlaps with the protected area of the Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, but no species-specific conservation measures exist. The species might be under threat from logging and forest degradation in its range, as well as from hunting by individuals who mistake it for the venomous Malayan krait; however, the impacts of these potential threats are currently unknown. The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists it as "Data deficient" due to the small number of specimens observed, and the lack of knowledge of its response to logging and hunting. | WIKI |
Brain age (Jonsson, 2019)
STUDY TITLE: Brain age prediction using deep learning uncovers associated sequence variants
SUMMARY: Identification of 2 genetic variants associated with brain aging.
OVERVIEW: Aging is associated with structural changes in the brain. This study developed an algorithm to predict age from brain images. Predicted age difference (PAD), a measure for accelerated aging, was calculated by subtracting the chronological age from the predicted age. The calculated PADs were used in a genome-wide association analysis that included over 16,000 participants of European ancestry and linked 2 genetic variants to accelerated brain aging. The first variant was correlated with the width of the grooves on the brain’s surface and the second variant was linked to the area of white matter (connections between brain regions) observed in brain images.
DID YOU KNOW? Studies have shown that feeling young correlates with slower brain aging. People who feel younger might lead a more physically and mentally active life, which could translate to brain health benefits. [SOURCE]
SAMPLE RESULTS: Learn more about the Nebula Research Library.
BRAIN-AGE-ASSOCIATED VARIANTS: rs2435204, rs1452628
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
White matter
Brain grooves
WEEKLY UPDATE: December 2, 2019 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
COS 23-10
Acclimatization of skin resistance to water loss within a lungless salamander: Implications for activity
Tuesday, August 11, 2015: 11:10 AM
321, Baltimore Convention Center
Eric A. Riddell, Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
Evan K. Apanovitch, Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
Mike W. Sears, Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
Background/Question/Methods
In response to climate change, organisms can tolerate the new environment, emigrate, or acclimatize. When emigration is not possible, survival may depend on their capacity to acclimatize by modifying physiology in ways that increase the potential duration for foraging and mating activities. Here, I investigated how salamanders acclimatize to environmental cues by modifying physiological traits that have the potential to influence their fitness. Hydration state limits foraging activity of salamanders; therefore, salamanders that can increase skin resistance to water loss (Rs) might increase potential time for activity and offset energetic costs associated with harsh environments. I leveraged the natural variation of temperature and humidity along an elevational gradient to test variation of Rs within the Southern gray-cheeked salamander (Plethodon metcalfi). To test the capacity to acclimatize, I then conducted a reciprocal transplant along an elevational gradient to measure if variation was due to plasticity or local adaptation. To measure Rs, I used an advanced flow through system capable of controlling humidities and measuring changes in water vapor pressure. I also calculated changes in potential activity due to acclimatization under environmental conditions that salamanders experience in nature.
Results/Conclusions
The results suggested that salamanders use temperature and humidity as cues to increase Rs. In the laboratory, Rs remained constant at cool temperatures, but under warm temperatures, Rs increased as air became dry. Similarly, there was a negative correlation between Rs and the elevation at which the individual was captured. Because low elevations were typically warmer and drier than high elevations, the results suggest that salamanders may use temperature as a cue for a drier environment. The reciprocal transplant experiment demonstrated that salamanders responded similarly to environmental conditions regardless of the elevational at which they were captured. These responses also influence potential activity throughout their elevational range. Specifically, the higher values of Rs at low elevations result in a doubling of potential activity time at low elevations. Together, these results suggest that salamanders within this population can acclimatize by increasing Rs in response to their environment. Considering acclimatization might improve our understanding of the capacity of organisms to respond to climate change. Future research will focus on incorporating acclimatization into mechanistic species distribution models to predict the effects of climate change on the distribution and abundance of salamander populations. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Ibcablr/Institute of Baking & Cake Art
The Institute of Baking and Cake Art, a culinary school exclusively for baking and confectionery was started by Mr.M.K.Gaur and Manish Gaur in 2000.
The idea behind starting a specialized institute was to offer a learning space to experience the simple art of baking and address domestic needs and commercial requirements. The institution is one of its kind in terms of the specialized training across different levels in baking. While most catering college offer training modules that are recipe oriented with only practical training, their institution was started to share the knowledge of the why’s and how ‘s of baking through theoretical and practical expertise and facilitated by expert trainers.
Their prime focus is Baking and Confectionery. They are a niche training school, one of a kind in the country. Their courses and workshops can be custom made to suit different requirements.
They are a specialized baking and confectionery service provider. Their recipes are constantly evolving with innovative ingredients and technology. Their cake art is much appreciated and unmatched to this date. The institution also supports student research. They are a vocational training institute and any kind of research aids in the learning process. They extend all encouragement and support towards research.
Web Page: http://www.ibcablr.com/ Photo Album of our creation: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ibcablr/ Video Channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/ibcablr?feature=mhsn Blog: http://ibake-ibcablr.blogspot.com/ | WIKI |
-- North, South Korean Officials Meet for First Time Since Artillery Attack
South Korea and North Korea will
continue military talks tomorrow in an effort to agree on a date
and conditions for more senior-level discussions over attacks
that killed 50 South Koreans last year. Talks ended this evening and will resume tomorrow morning,
a South Korean defense ministry official who declined to be
named, citing military policy, said by phone. The officials met
today at the border village of Panmunjom for the first time
since Kim Jong Il ’s regime shelled a South Korean island in
November, killing 4 people. The renewed dialogue may signal an effort by the two
countries to mend ties soured by last year’s clashes, including
the sinking of a South Korean warship. South Korea on Jan. 20
accepted North Korea’s calls for talks after the communist
regime agreed to discuss the two incidents. “The meeting can help provide a turning point in inter-
Korean relations and ease military tensions,” Kim Yong Hyun, a
professor of North Korean studies at Seoul-based Dongguk
University , said today by telephone. “South Korea also needs to
work on improving ties with North Korea to engage it in
multilateral discussions on nuclear disarmament.” South Korean President Lee Myung Bak said Feb. 1 that he
was open to meeting Kim if North Korea showed it’s serious about
improving relations. Nuclear Talks South Korea’s chief negotiator to six-nation talks on North
Korea’s nuclear program, Wi Sung Lac, will travel to China on
Feb. 10 and 11, the foreign ministry said today in a statement
on its website. China is host to the disarmament forum that also
includes Japan, Russia and the U.S. The talks haven’t been held since December 2008, when they
broke down over a disagreement on how to verify the extent of
North Korea’s nuclear program. North Korea then detonated a
second atomic device in May 2009 and last year revealed its
uranium-enrichment program to U.S. scientists. South and North Korean officials last met on Sept. 30 to
discuss the sinking of the warship Cheonan in March that killed
46 sailors. North Korea denies the findings of an international
panel, which said in May that a torpedo from a North Korean
mini-submarine sank the Cheonan near the two nations’ western
maritime border. Kim’s regime said it fired artillery shells on Yeonpyeong
island near the same sea border on Nov. 23 to protect what is
part of its territory. North Korea doesn’t recognize the
maritime border, demarcated by the United Nations at the end of
the 1950-53 Korean War . ‘Made to Pay’ South Korea called North Korea its “enemy” in defense
guidelines published in December. Lee vowed on Nov. 29 that
Kim’s regime “will be made to pay for any further
provocation.” South Korea plans to deploy cruise missiles, with a range
of at least 500 kilometers (311 miles), on destroyers off the
country’s west coast this year, the Chosun Ilbo newspaper
reported today, citing a government official it didn’t identify.
The defense ministry official declined to comment on the report. South Korea’s 650,000 troops compare with about 1.2 million
in North Korea. The two countries remain technically at war
since their conflict ended in a cease-fire, which was never
replaced by a peace treaty. The U.S. stations about 28,500
troops in South Korea. To contact the reporter on this story:
Bomi Lim in Seoul at
blim30@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Peter Hirschberg in Hong Kong at
phirschberg@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Cranford Agreement
The Cranford Protocol or Cranford Agreement was an oral undertaking given in 1952 by the British Government to the residents of Cranford in London regarding the usage of the runways at London Heathrow Airport to reduce the impact of aircraft noise on local residents.
Under normal operations the agreement prohibited take-off on the northern runway towards the east (over London) because of the proximity of Cranford to the east end of this runway; however this runway could be used in exceptional cases, for example when the southern runway was not available for departures or when departure delays are excessive.
Although no formal written agreement exists, the Government acknowledges that an oral undertaking was given by a senior government official at a meeting of the Cranford Residents' and District Amenities Association on 31 July 1952. The protocol is included in the Heathrow Manual of Air Traffic Services and the airport's noise abatement notification, and thus is a part of the airport's operating rules.
On 15 January 2009, the Labour Government announced that it was ending the Cranford Agreement as part of the controversial expansion of London Heathrow Airport. Although in May 2010 the Coalition Government cancelled the Heathrow expansion plans, in September 2010 it reaffirmed the decision to end the Cranford Agreement. This decision was welcomed by the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, to the west. To the east, the London Borough of Hounslow called for mitigation or compensation to be offered by BAA to those affected by ending the Cranford Agreement.
In May 2013 Heathrow Airport Holdings (who own and operate the airport) submitted planning permission to the London Borough of Hillingdon to build new access taxiways, which would allow the implementation of full runway alternation on easterly operations. This permission was rejected in March 2014; Heathrow Airport appealed with a planning enquiry in June 2015. On 2 February 2017 the Planning Inspectorate recommended that the appeal be allowed and planning permission granted. The decision has not yet been implemented as the airport is considering the Government's airspace management proposals for London and their own plans for expansion. | WIKI |
29
I have two lists of integers, list1 and list2. The elements in the lists are the same, but the order is not important. How can I determine whether these lists are equal, ignoring the order of the elements? Is there a built-in method in C# that can do this, or do I need to write my own method?
var list1 = new List<int> {1,2,3};
var list2 = new List<int> {2,1,3};
2
6 Answers 6
42
That's what sets (e.g., HashSet<T>) are for. Sets have no defined order, and SetEquals verifies whether the set and another collection contain the same elements.
var set = new HashSet<int>(list1);
var equals = set.SetEquals(list2);
6
• 1
Would this work if I have a list of objects instead of integers?
– Vahid
Jun 23, 2014 at 8:05
• @Vahid Yeah it would.
– dcastro
Jun 23, 2014 at 8:06
• 1
@Vahid: it depends on if the object overrides Equals (+ GetHashCode). You can also pass a custom IEqualityComparer<T> to the constructor of HashSet Read: stackoverflow.com/questions/8952003/… Jun 23, 2014 at 8:20
• 10
Be aware that this algorithm declares sequence {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1} equal to {1}. Is this what you want? Nov 15, 2017 at 10:26
• 7
There is a MAJOR difference between a set and a list. A set does have only unique elements. This is a wrong answer to the question.
– mimarcel
Jan 10, 2019 at 15:52
19
You can use !Except + Any:
bool list1InList2 = !list1.Except(list2).Any();
This checks not if both have the same items but if list1 is contained in list2(ignoring duplicates).
If you want to know if list2 is contained in list1, use:
bool list2InList1 = !list2.Except(list1).Any();
So you had to make both checks if you wanted to ensure that both lists contain the same items.
If you also want to take into account that both lists have the same size, precheck with list1.Count==list2.Count. But this check is not useful if you use a set method(see Harald's comment), it doesn't make much sense to compare the counts if you ignore duplicates afterwards.
In general HashSet<T> has some nice and efficient methods to check if two sequences have the same items(ignoring duplicates), dcastro already showed one.
If you want an efficient solution to determine if two lists contain the same items, same count and not ignoring duplicates but ignoring the order(otherwise use SequenceEquals):
public static bool SequenceEqualsIgnoreOrder<T>(this IEnumerable<T> list1, IEnumerable<T> list2, IEqualityComparer<T> comparer = null)
{
if(list1 is ICollection<T> ilist1 && list2 is ICollection<T> ilist2 && ilist1.Count != ilist2.Count)
return false;
if (comparer == null)
comparer = EqualityComparer<T>.Default;
var itemCounts = new Dictionary<T, int>(comparer);
foreach (T s in list1)
{
if (itemCounts.ContainsKey(s))
{
itemCounts[s]++;
}
else
{
itemCounts.Add(s, 1);
}
}
foreach (T s in list2)
{
if (itemCounts.ContainsKey(s))
{
itemCounts[s]--;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
return itemCounts.Values.All(c => c == 0);
}
Usage:
var list1 = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3, 1 };
var list2 = new List<int> { 2, 1, 3, 2 };
bool sameItemsIgnoringOrder = list1.SequenceEqualsIgnoreOrder(list2);
// false because same count and same items but 1 appaears twice in list1 but once in list2
If the order matters and duplicates count too, use:
bool sameItemsSameOrder = list1.SequenceEqual(list2);
9
• @Rotem I wonder if this is faster than the method suggested by dcastro?
– Vahid
Jun 23, 2014 at 8:11
• Thanks Tim, you mean dcastro's method will ignore duplicates?
– Vahid
Jun 23, 2014 at 8:13
• Thank you both for the clarification. I think I need to adapt this to my situation first to decide which one I need.
– Vahid
Jun 23, 2014 at 8:18
• 1
NOTE this approach does NOT support null items since Dictionary doesn't. itemCounts.Add(s,1) throws ArgumentNullException when s is null. Dec 5, 2018 at 15:18
• 1
@N.Kudryavtsev: Good point. Maybe you could use this class as key: stackoverflow.com/a/22261282/284240 Dec 5, 2018 at 15:52
1
Without using linq.
private static bool AreListsEqual(List<int> list1, List<int> list2)
{
var areListsEqual = true;
if (list1.Count != list2.Count)
return false;
for (var i = 0; i < list1.Count; i++)
{
if (list2[i] != list1[i])
{
areListsEqual = false;
}
}
return areListsEqual;
}
2
• 3
There order is not important but your solution returns false when the numbers are not in the same order.
– Vahid
Jun 23, 2014 at 8:26
• If you need to use a version as the above code, then you can actually use the core implemented SequenceEquals method.
– mimarcel
Jan 15, 2019 at 11:03
1
Use SequenceEqual against the ordered lists - e.g.
bool equal = list1.OrderBy(x => x).ToList().SequenceEqual(list2.OrderBy(x => x).ToList());
1
It's old but i would modify answer by dcastro, and build in extension:
public static bool CompareList(this List<string> _initialList, List<string> _secondaryList)
{
var set = new HashSet<string>(_initialList);
var equals = set.SetEquals(_secondaryList);
return equals ? _initialList.Count() == _secondaryList.Count() : false;
}
This way You would check both elements within the list with sets, but also count of elements helps you to check against excample given in coments like {0, 1, 1} vs {0 ,1}
Additionaly by extension you can call it multiple times within the code. You could modify it to compare against potential null.
public static bool CompareList(this List<string> _initialList, List<string>? _secondaryList)
{
//test if _secondaryList is null while initial is not
if (_secondaryList == null) return false;
var set = new HashSet<string>(_initialList);
var equals = set.SetEquals(_secondaryList);
return equals ? _initialList.Count() == _secondaryList.Count() : false;
}
0
You can try Except
var result = list1.Except(list2).ToList();
Except returns those elements in first that do not appear in second
2
• Why string? Also, where is the check for equality?
– Rotem
Jun 23, 2014 at 8:07
• 4
If list1 is empty this returns an empty list which does not mean that both are equal. It also fails if list1 is a subset of list2. Apart from that it is not necessary to create another collection just to check if both lists are equal. Jun 23, 2014 at 8:36
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Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/528
496 ANGLE ANGLE, a portion of space between two lines or between two or more surfaces intersecting each other. Geometry distinguishes four kinds of angles: plane, spherical, dihedral, and poly- hedral. I. Plane angles. When two lines are situated in the same plane and not parallel to each other, they intersect at some point, and around this point of intersection they form four plane angles ; the point of intersection is called the vertex, and the lines the sides of the angles. If all the four angles thus formed are equal, they are called right angles, and the lines are said to be perpendicular to one another ; when not equal, those smaller than a right an- gle are called acute, and those larger obtuse angles. Angles are measured by degrees, which are nothing but angles so small that 360 of them are situated around one point, and therefore 90 in a right angle. For practical measurement of angles the circumference of a circle is divided into 360 equal parts (see tig. 1), and its centre 270- Fio. 1. Plane Angles. FIG. 2. Spherical Angles. laid on the vertex of the angle, in which case the parts of the circumference between the sides of the angle will indicate the number of degrees contained in the same. Each degree is again divided into 60 parts called minutes, and each minute into 60 seconds. The whole circumference of the circle is therefore subdi- vided into 1,296,000 seconds, which is about the limit of accuracy of astronomers in measur- ing angles at the firmament. When angles have curved sides (as represented in fig. 2), tangents are drawn to the curves at the ver- tex, and the angle these tangents make with one another is measured. 2. Spherical angles. Under this name is designated the space in- cluded between two arcs of great circles, drawn on a sphere. A D and B D, fig. 2, form together a spherical angle, which, if the plane B O E D is perpendicular to the plane A O D, is a spherical right angle : the intersections of the meridians with the equator of the earth are such right angles, while the intersections of the meridians at the poles form a number of acute spherical angles. The angles which the astron- omers measure in their celestial triangles are all spherical angles. 3. Dihedral angles are formed by the intersection of two planes. The planes A B C D and A B F E, fig. 3, form a di- hedral angle ; the line of intersection, A B, is called the edge, and the planes are called the faces. Such angles art? measured by the plane angle formed when passmg a plane perpendicu- lar through the edge, or, what is the same, drawing two lines O T and S T from the same point in the edge A B, perpendicular to the FIG. 8. Dihedral Angles. same, and one in each plane ; the arc S T is in that case the measure of the dihedral angle. 4. Polyhedral angles are the spaces included FIG. 5. Tetrahedral Angle. FIG. 4. Trihedral Angle. between three or more planes which intersect at one point. Thus O, fig. 4, is the vertex of a trihedral, and O, fig. 5, the vertex of a tetrahedral an- gle, respectively bounded by three and four faces. As an arc of a circle is used for measuring plane and dihe- dral angles, so a portion of the surface of a sphere, of which the centre is at the vertex, is used to measure polyhedral angles. An&to of Total Reflection. When a ray of light falls on a polished surface separating a transparent denser medium from a similar rarer one, it will be reflected and refracted, that is, split up into two rays ; one of which will be thrown back, and the other will pass on and be diverted more or less from its course. Such a splitting up of a ray of light always takes place when it passes from a rarer into a denser medium. But when the light passes from a denser into a rarer medium, for instance, from glass into air, this will not be the case under all inclina- tions of the ray. When the angle of inci- dence is not very acute, no refraction, but total reflection, will take place. Let ABO repre" sent a cross section of a glass prism ; then the ray D R will be split up, being reflected to R E and refracted to R R, because the angle of incidence, D R Q, is very acute, the ray F T, however, making with the perpendicular T P a less acute angle. As F T P is only re- flected in the direction T G, and not refracted at all, it cannot pass out of the prism at T, and this constitutes there a case of total reflec- tion. The minimum number of degrees required | WIKI |
Transport in Bucharest
Bucharest has the largest transport network in Romania, and one of the largest in Europe. The Bucharest transport network is made up of a subway network and a ground transport network. Although there are multiple connection points, the two systems operate independently of each other, and are run by different organisations (the subway is run by Metrorex and the ground transport network by Societatea de Transport București. The two companies used separate ticketing systems until 2021, when a new smartcard was introduced alongside the old tickets, which allows travel on both the STB and the Underground.
Bucharest Subway
Bucharest has a fairly extensive subway system consisting of five lines (M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5) ran by Metrorex. In total, the network is 80.1 km long and has 64 stations, with 1.5 km average distance between stops. It is one of the fastest ways to get around the city. The oldest metro line is M1, which was opened in 1979. The newest metro line is M5, which was opened in 2020. A sixth metro line, M6 line, is currently under construction.
Ground transport
Ground transport in Bucharest is run by Societatea de Transport București (STB) and consists of an extensive network of buses, trolleybuses, trams and light rail. The STB network is one of the densest in Europe, and the fourth largest on the continent, carrying about 1.7 million passengers daily on 85 bus lines, 23 tram lines, 2 light rail lines and 15 trolleybus lines. At times, however, it suffers from severe overcrowding.
STB is a reasonably efficient and a very frequently-used way of getting around Bucharest. As with the subway, the system is undergoing a period of renewal. Some new features are the upgrade of tram/trolleybus infrastructure and the replacement of old rolling stock.
Buses
With a total route length of 1374 km, the STB bus network is the densest of all the transport types in Bucharest. There are 85 bus lines (plus 25 night routes) operating mostly in the municipality of Bucharest, as well as 27 bus lines serving commuters from surrounding towns and villages in Ilfov County. In mid-2005, the lines that linked the city to the peripheral area were licensed out to independent transportation providers, but in early 2006, they were returned to STB control due to a wide range customer complaints about the private operators. Sometime in 2010, all the STB lines of the peripheral network were removed, leading to an increase in minivans owned by private transport companies, and so far only a few of these lines have been put back.
Fleet
STB's bus fleet is made up of 1,143 vehicles (2018), which are all wheelchair-accessible (low floor) and around 55% are air-conditioned. The fleet utilisation rate during workdays stood at 78.1% in 2018.
Between 2005 and 2009, the fleet underwent its most substantial renewal since 1989, and is now among the most modern in Europe. In December 2005, STB signed a contract for 500 Mercedes Citaro low-floor, wheelchair-accessible buses. The buses were delivered between June 2006 and April 2007. In January 2008, the first of a further series of 500 Citaro low-floor buses were put into service.
The fleet makeup, as of 2019, is as follows, with years of delivery shown in brackets:
Central Lines are usually populated by Otokar and Hybrid buses, while lines connecting rezidential areas tend to use the older Citaro models.
Trolleybuses
Trolleybuses supplement buses on the STB system network, which operates 15 trolleybus lines (mainly on high-usage routes), measuring 164.1 km of routes on 73.2 km network. During the 1990s, the fleet was updated with modern trolleybuses manufactured by Ikarus, in light blue and yellow livery, which have acoustic station announcements and digital display screens. These trolleybuses now make up the majority of the fleet. In early 2007, 100 wheelchair-accessible Irisbus Citelis trolleybuses were introduced on routes 61, 62, 69, 70, 86, 90, 91, and 92.
Two distinct, non-interconnected networks exist in Bucharest, the main network (comprising the two main east–west lines as well as a spur in the northern part of town) and a relatively small southern network in Berceni. Each of the networks has its own, separate trolleybus depots (including separate fleets) and is not connected to the other in any way, in 1987 being separated after the opening of M2 subway line. The trolleybus network is currently being overhauled or expanded — a goal is to eventually unite the two networks.
Fleet
In 2022, the STB had a fleet of 265 trolleybuses spread across 3 depots and 1 mixed tram-trolleybus depot. Most of them were Astra-Ikarus 415T (163 trolleybuses). The fleet utilisation rate during workdays stood at 67.66% in 2022. In 2024, the STB started receiving 100 Solaris Trollino trolleybuses.
Trams and light rail
STB operates a complex system of trams measuring 332.2 km of routes on 143.9 km of lines throughout Bucharest. Beside 23 tram lines, there are two converted light rail lines called metrou uşor ("light metro"), numbered 41 and 32, which serve the western and south-western parts of Bucharest. Both use upgraded trams running on separate designated corridors for faster travel times.
67% of the city's tram infrastructure had been modernised by 2018. The light rail service is expected to be expanded by upgrading existing tram lines to light rail status.
Most trams operated by STB (all V3A, Bucur 1 and Bucur LF models) are manufactured internally by STB at their subsidiary URAC Bucharest (the same subsidiary also handles tramway repairs and is in charge of scrapping vehicles reaching the end of their useful life). Currently, URAC produces three models for STB – two three-section, partially low-floor, wheelchair-accessible models (V3A-CH-PPC/CA-PPC derived from the earlier V3A-93 model and the all-new Bucur-LF model) as well as a two-section, non-wheelchair-accessible model (Bucur 1), made from scrapped Tatra axles with new equipment. It is uncertain if their production will continue, because as of now their production has been halted for the past 7 years.
Routes 1, 10, 21, 25, 32, 41 are wheelchair-accessible, using new V3A-93-M2000-PPC, V3A-CH-PPC and Bucur LF trams. Lines 3, 7, 8, 19, 23, 24, 27, 45 are also wheel chair accessible when V3A-93 PPC (3, 7, 19, 24, 45 - number is limited to 4 vehicles, 008, 164, 181 and 206 can be seen on these routes occasionally, the first two (008 and 164) mainly on routes 3, 24, 45 and the following two (181 and 206) on routes 7 and/or 19) or CA/CH-PPC are sent on these routes ( the latter mainly 8, 23 and 27 from Alexandria on 8 and Dudesti 23/27). Other routes (if most) will become wheelchair-accessible as soon as more V3A-CH-PPC or Bucur-LF vehicles are constructed (URAC's building and modernising capacity is limited).
The maximum speed of trams in Bucharest is 60 km/h.
Fleet
In 2018, the STB had a fleet of 486 trams, most of which were the V3A-M type (323 trams). The fleet is spread across 7 tram depots and 1 mixed tram-trolleybus depot. The fleet utilisation rate during workdays stood at 55.6% in 2018. In December 2022, the first 15 Astra Imperio Metropolitan trams (out of a total order of 100 units) were put into circulation.
Tickets
Ground transportation, operated by STB uses a different ticketing system from the subway network, operated by Metrorex, a separate entity. Their tickets and prices can be found on their website, available in English as well. http://www.stbsa.ro/
They include subscriptions, rechargeable cards as well as single use cards. A simple metropolitan ticket valid on all ground lines for 90 minutes costs 3 RON and can be activated by tapping either a STB transit card or a contactless bank card on the ticket machines present inside all vehicles. Tickets can also be bought through SMS by sending a message to 7458, with the message "C", you will be charged 0.65 EUR + VAT. You can also purchase a 24-hour pass for 8 RON at any kiosk or by sending the message "AB" to the same number, costing you 1.5 EUR + VAT.
This method of SMS-based payment is also available through the app, InfoTB. The app can also plan routes using all types of transportation in the city, and show the GPS location of vehicles. Approximately 85% of vehicles are equipped with a GPS positioning system.
A separate app, 24Pay, can be used to pay for fares using a credit card.
An online account can also be created on the website, that allows clients to add credit to their STB cards.
BCR (Romanian Commercial Bank) ATMs also allow clients to recharge their physical cards with money.
Metrorex and STB have integrated tickets and passes, information which is available on their websites, but also on the Bucharest Metro page. An integrated fare costs 5 RON and can be used simultaneously on both ground lines and the subway, with a time limit of 120 minutes.
The Bucharest Subway uses a per-entry constant fare system, every entry costing 3 RON, regardless of stations travelled, time spent or zones used, changing lines doesn't require additional pay and is free, the only exception is Gara De Nord, where the 2 corresponding stations are separate and thus you are required to exit the system and pay again at the other station to transfer lines, tho free transfers from the M1 to the M4 can be done at the neighbouring Basarb station.
Passengers can purchase paper tickets loaded with 1, 2 or 10 fares or simply tap their contactless bank cards at the turnstiles, which will charge them 3 RON. Rechargeable contactless subway cards can also be issued and loaded with passes available for either a day, a week, a month or a year. The most commonly used pass is the 1 month pass priced at 80 RON.
Personal cars
At the end of 2008, in Bucharest there were 1.24 million vehicles, of which 985.000 were personal cars. In 2007 there were 150.000 fewer vehicles, which means the number of vehicles increased by 13.76% in one year.
With so many cars and a very high population density (50% higher than Tokyo and 4 times bigger than Rome for example), parking is a problem in Bucharest.
CFR Trains
In 2011, Bucharest had 99 km of railway lines, 79 of which were electric.
Bucharest has several train stations throughout and around the city, the main one being Gara de Nord where trains depart to all destinations. Other main stations include Baneasa, Obor and Basarab.
Gara de Nord is a relatively modern station. It was opened in 1872 and has undergone modernization and refurbishment several times. From here, trains leave to every destination in Romania and to other European cities. The other stations only see around five trains a day and are not considered "important" stations by CFR.
Bucharest was once home to a vast system of industrial railways that sprawled all over the city, linking factories to the surrounding neighbourhoods and towns. However most of these are now gone and what remains has fallen into disrepair. Therefore, Bucharest didn't have an RER/S-Bahn type of commuter network until 2019 when CFR introduced commuter trains between the city and Buftea. Attempts have been made in the past to introduce such a system, but so far not much has been achieved. It is true that there are trains operated by CFR from Bucharest to neighbouring towns, however due to long journey times and poor rolling stock most people tend to use personal cars to get into the city.
Road network
The city's municipal road network is centred on a series of high-capacity boulevards (6 to 10 lanes), which generally radiate out from the city centre to the outskirts and are arranged in geographical axes (principally north–south, east–west and northwest–southeast). The principal and thus most congested boulevards are Calea Victoriei, Bulevardul Unirii and Șoseaua Mihai Bravu, which is the longest in Bucharest and forms a sort of semicircle around the northeastern part of the old district. The city also has two ring roads, one internal (Mihai Bravu is part of it) and one external, which are mainly used for cars that bypass the city as well as trucks, which aren't allowed in the city centre, Works on a third ring road (the A0), which would be mainly used for transit and freight traffic around the city, began in 2020 on some segments. Aside from the main roads, the city also has a number of secondary roads, which connect the main boulevards. In the historical city centre, particularly the Lipscani area, many streets are cobbled and are classified as pedestrian zones.
The city's roads are usually very crowded during rush hours, due to an increase in car ownership in recent years. Every day, there are more than one million vehicles travelling within the city limits. This has resulted in wearing of the upper layer of tarmac on many of roads in Bucharest, particularly secondary roads which are now used in an equal amount, this being identified as one of Bucharest's main infrastructural problems. The pothole problem is notorious enough to have inspired a song by the band Taxi with a chorus "Cratere ca-n București, nici pe luna nu gaseşti!" ("Craters like in Bucharest you won't even find on the moon"). However, in recent years, there has been a comprehensive effort on behalf of the City Hall to boost improvement of road infrastructure, mainly by resurfacing and widening roads, and repairing footpaths. Faulty urban planning will likely lead to an increase in traffic and parking problems, since new housing areas are built with houses and apartment buildings literally squeezed into existing small grid roads, a problem commonly identified in the "suburbs" of the city.
Bucharest is one of the principal junctions of Romania's national road network, which links the city to all of Romania's major cities as well as to neighbouring countries such as Hungary, Bulgaria and Ukraine. Furthermore, the city is the starting point of the A1 motorway, towards Pitești, the A2, linking the capital with the country's ports and seaside resorts on the Black Sea and the A3, towards Ploiești.
Airports
Bucharest has one international airport: Until 2012 there was also another airport which is no longer used, except for charter/private flights:
* Henri Coandă International Airport, located north of the Bucharest metropolitan area, in the town of Otopeni, Ilfov. Currently the airport has one terminal divided into three inter-connected buildings (International Departures Hall, International Arrivals Hall and the Domestic Flights Hall – at the ground level of the Arrivals Hall). The International Departures Hall consists of 36 check-in desks, one finger with 10 gates (5 equipped with jetways), while the Domestic Hall has an extra four gates. Today's International Arrivals Hall is the old Otopeni terminal, while the new Departures Hall, including the finger and the airbridges was built and inaugurated in 1997. A second finger with 7 jetways is under construction and a new building terminal on the east side is in project phase. The airport received 8,317,168 passengers in 2015. It is accessible by STB buses 100 and the future M6 underground line, which will link the airport with the main train station of Bucharest.
* Aurel Vlaicu International Airport is situated only 8 km north of the Bucharest city centre and is accessible by STB buses 100, 131, 330, 335, tram line 5 (temporarily closed, replaced by 605) and taxi.
Water transport
Although it is situated on the banks of a river, Bucharest has never functioned as a port city, with other Romanian cities such as Constanţa and Brăila acting as the country's main ports. However, the Danube-Bucharest Canal, which is 73 km long, was under construction until 1990 and is not being worked on as of 2015. When eventually finished, the canal will link Bucharest to the Danube River and, via the Danube-Black Sea Canal, to the Black Sea. This transport corridor is expected to be a significant component of the city's transport infrastructure and increase sea traffic by a large margin. | WIKI |
Javascript – Functional programming – Closures & higher order functions
Javascript has gained many popularity on the last years. It is a language poorly misunderstood and often underestimated because it has some ‘weird’ features such as the Classless object oriented model. However it has some very nice feautres. One of them is that everything is object. This allows managing treating functions like traating ever other object such as an array, string, number etc. This eventually allows to define functions that accepts functions as arguments, and creating and returning functions, allowing javascript(which is an imperative) language to have functional programming features.
What is Functional programming
Functional programming is programming paradigm is which the central concept is the function as we know it from math. It just accepts input and returns and output. It does not have an side effects as in imperative languages. It does not manipulate state and thus makes programs easier to understand and debug.
Functional programming in an imperative language. But how?
As mentioned before javascript is an imperative language that has some nice features in order to do some partial functional programming. It is NOT a purely functional programming language such as Haskell. However we can facilitate some aspects of functional programming in our code in order to introduce more abstraction, and make it more easily understood and testable.
Higher order functions – Functions as objects
In Javascript everything is an object so we can declare a variable and assign to it a string, an array, or a function. For example we can have a variable called add in which a function performing add is assigned.
var add = function(x,y) {
return x+y;
}
//We can call add normally
var result = add(10,5);
console.log(result);
Add is just a normal variable containing a reference to a function. As such we can pass it to another function or return it and call it later. As an example consider we want to create a function which will accept a list of numbers and an operation to be performed in these numbers. In imperative style we would do something like this:
function performComputation(list, computation) {
var result = 0;
if (computation == 'add') { //Add all alements
for(var i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) {
result += list[i];
}
} else if(computation == 'substract') { //Substract all elements
if (list.length &gt; 0) {
result = list[0];
for(var i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) {
result -= list[i];
}
}
}
//...more if else based on available computations
return result;
}
var result = performComputation([10,5,2], 'add');
By this way our function is not abstract enough, and lacks flexibility. If we wanted say another computation we would need to edit the function body and add another else-if block for the new computation. It introduces boilerplate code too! There must be another way… And what it is? Yes ou got it! The Functional one! Instead of passing a string which will represent the operation we will pass a function which will accept two numbers and return a result. The performOperation will calculate the result based on the function passed.
function performOperation(list, computation) {
var result = 0;
for(var i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) {
result = computation(result, list[i]);
}
return result;
}
var summed = performOperation([1,2,3], function(x,y) {
return x+y;
}); //summed will be 6
var substracted = performOperation([1,2,3], function(x,y) {
return x-y;
}); //substracted will be -6
console.log('summed: ' + summed + ', substracted: ' + substracted);
As you can see we reduced the size and complexity of our code. Instead doing the calculation on the main fucntion we separated the list looping functionality and the calculation, leading into two very simple functions. This leads to more easier to understand and flexible code. Note that we are passing a function as argument. Thus the performComputation function has become a higher-order function. Actually the previous performOperation function is a popular method often performed in lists. It is called reduce. Reduce takes a list of data and aggregates them into a single result based on some computation between elements.
Another example – Map implementation
Another example is the map function. Is a function which accepts a list and transforms every element of the list based on transform function. For example let’s say we want to create a function which will accept a list and return a list with the elements of the original list doubled.
function map(list, operation) {
var result = [];//Result will be a list
for(var i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) {
result.push(operation(list[i]));
}
return result;
}
//Result will be [2,4,6,8];
var result = map([1,2,3,4], function(x) {
return x * 2;
});
console.log(result);
Very easy! Each element is passed to the operation function which just doubles it. If now we want to add another operation no need to touch the original map function.
var result = map([1,2,3,4], function(x) {
return x*x;
});
Now the result will hold every value of the list multiplied b itself. Looking at the implementation of the previous function we saw a common point. The for loop. Can we abstract this even more? The answer is yes. We can create a forAll function which will accept a list and an operation to be performed.
//Now we abstracted the loop code in a separating function so we can reuse it
//in other functions and without caring of the details of the looping process.
function forAll(list, operation) {
for(var i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) {
operation(list[i]);
}
}
function map(list, operation) {
var result = [];//Result will be a list
forAll(list, function(x) {
result.push(operation(x));
});
return result;
}
var result = map([1,2,3,4], function(x) {
return x*x;
});
console.log(result);
Closures
Another concept of functional programming is closures. Closures are nested function(that is functions declared inside a function) which share their lexical scope with the function they are included. What does this practically means? This means that you declare a nested function. Inside the outer function you have declared some variables. You can access those variables from the nested function(closure) even when the original function has returned! Not undertood? Don’t worry an example is coming!
function makeAdd(x) {
function closure(y) {
return x+y;
}
return closure;
}
We declared a function makeAdd which accepts an argument x. Inside we declare another function which will be our closure and will accept an argument named z. Inside our closure we perform an addition of x and y. But wait. x is not declared anywhere in function closure. Yes, because it references the x variable in makeAdd. Thus the inner function becomes a closure. This means that closure can be returned and used on it’s own using the variable x from the makeAdd.
What this practically means?
With closures we can do many things. The example above shows a very simple use case. If we invoke makeAdd we get a function as a result:
var adder = makeAdd(10); //adder is now a function which sums it's argument with 10
var result = adder(20); //Result will be 30
console.log('Result: ' + result);
From now on every time we invoke makeAdd it will add the argument passed to it with 10. We can create another one which will add with 20 or every other number.
In the general case closures allows us to create functions whose behavior can be customized based on the arguments passed on the creating functions.
A more real world example
Now for a more real world example of a closure. Let’s say you have a list of people and we want to filter them by an attribute.
The following example finds all the people whose age is above a specified value.
function findPersons(persons, age) {
return persons.filter(function(person) { //Closure
return person.age &gt;= age;
});
}
var persons = [ { name: 'Mike', age: 17 },
{ name: 'Jim', age: 23 },
{ name: 'Kate', age: 30 } ];
var adults = findPersons(persons, 18);
//Will print Jim,Kate
for(var i = 0; i &lt; adults.length; i++) {
console.log(adults[i].name);
}
In the example above we define a function findPersons which accepts a list of perSons and an age value. Inside we call the filter function passing to it a closure which returns true if a specified perSon’s age if equal-or-greater than the age specified when we called findPersons. Notice that the inner function references the age variable of the findPersons. Thus it is a closure.
Conclusion
In this tutorial we have only scratched the surface of javascript’s ability to treat functions as first-class objects. Surely it is not have the features of a pure functional programming language but we can surely make code cleaner and more easy to debug.
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AT&T partners with Google Cloud for 5G edge computing
(Reuters) - AT&T Inc (T.N) has partnered with Alphabet Inc’s (GOOGL.O) Google Cloud to use 5G edge computing technologies to help clients improve speed and increase security by running applications closer to end users. The process of allowing data to be analyzed where it was created before moving to the cloud is known as edge computing, which to be effective, needs speedy wireless connection, and tuning it up with 5G solves the problem. AT&T’s 5G network currently covers 80 million people in the United States. Companies would be able to use edge computing to process huge amounts of data generated from the internet of things (IoT) gadgets - where devices and appliances are controlled over networks. Gartner predicts here that 75% of all data generated by enterprises will be processed outside the traditional cloud by 2025. “Our co-innovation with AT&T aims to bring a multitude of 5G and Edge Computing solutions to address a diversity of use cases, driving real business value in industries like retail, manufacturing, gaming and more,” Google Cloud Chief Executive Thomas Kurian said in a statement. Reporting by Supantha Mukherjee in Bengaluru; Editing by Shailesh Kuber | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Hotel Albion
Hotel Albion, established in 1906, was a hotel and historic building in Portland, Oregon, in the United States. It was best known for housing the Lotus Café, which occupied the ground floor from 1924 until its closure in August 2016. The hotel was renamed the Lotus Hotel in the 1930s or 1940s, but it closed in 1976 as a result of fire safety violations.
Designs for a 10-story office building that proposed to be constructed on the site were approved by the Portland Design Commission, a city-appointed advisory panel, in early July 2016. The plans called for demolition of the Hotel Albion, and Ankrom Moisan Architects submitted a demolition permit to the city in mid-July 2016. The Auditorium and Music Hall, located directly adjacent to the former hotel, was not proposed for demolition.
Demolition began on June 28, 2018, and was largely completed by mid-July. | WIKI |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 51.djvu/799
Rh since bodies fall more readily in vacuo than in air. There is an important distinction between kinematic and dynamic reactions. The first, or primary reactions, not only can but always do take place at a distance, and in view of the undoubted fact any discussion of the possibility is idle in the extreme. But it is very different in the case of secondary or dynamic effects. There is, strictly speaking, no reaction between the bodies concerned. They have no attraction for each other. They merely happen to get in each other's way when one or both are undergoing some kinematic reaction. A falling body may meet a second body thrown upward, and the path of each will be notably altered, but the reaction will be purely dynamic, and as such absolutely dependent on contact. These secondary reactions happen to be the ones with which we are the more familiar and upon which we have allowed our minds to play the more freely. The old question, "Can a body act where it is not?" is only applicable to dynamic reactions, but is not at all pertinent in the discussion of kinematic reactions. In the first case, no one doubts the inability of a body to push or pull another without actual contact. In the second case, the facts leave no room for discussion.
The concluding book, on gravitation, is naturally the pièce de resistance of the whole, and seems to us of high interest and importance. The other books lead up to it very cleverly. Newton himself, as we have seen, had no theory of gravitation, or at least was extremely careful not to publish it if he ever had one. Later disciples, however, have been less cautious, and the Newtonian view has been erected into something of a theory. This assumes that all matter attracts all matter, and this quite independently of its state of excitation. The intensity of the attraction has been formulated in the well-known law that gravity is proportional to the mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance. But mass, as Newton used the term, is synonymous with weight, and weight is simply the measure of gravity, so that this fine-sounding phrase amounts only to this, that gravity is proportional to gravity, a statement which can not be said to materially help on the cause of truth. The Newtonian view assumes the constancy of mass or weight, but does so without the least experimental verification, and indeed in the teeth of much contrary evidence. It is true that modern physicists distinguish between mass and weight, making the former term stand for amount of matter (whatever that may mean) and the latter for the measure of gravity. But in this sense mass is a purely metaphysical quantity.
Now, there are two classic experiments for determining the density of the earth that seem at first sight to establish the current view that all matter attracts all matter. These are the | WIKI |
Can I lose weight on lazy Keto?
Can you lose weight on the lazy keto? Well, sure, says Blatner, but that’s more likely due to the fact that you’ll be paying closer attention to what you eat rather than any keto magic (without paying attention to the fat/protein ratio, you will not likely achieve ketosis).
Can you still lose weight on dirty Keto?
Dirty Keto and Weight Loss
Yes, absolutely. To still lose weight on dirty keto, you’ll have to: Eat at a calorie deficit. Perhaps the most important aspect to dropping weight is eating less calories than your body burns on a daily basis.
How many carbs are in a lazy Keto?
Most people following a lazy keto diet typically set a limit of 25 to 50 grams of carbs of per day, according to Blatner.
Will I lose weight on keto if I don’t exercise?
Keto diets definitely work without exercise. In fact, many personal trainers and nutritionist would not recommend the keto diet if you were about to embark on a hard training programme. This is due to the things that happen to the body when it starts to burn fat as an energy source, rather than sugar.
IT IS INTERESTING: Best answer: Why do I feel weird on keto diet?
What is lazy Keto?
“The most common definition of lazy keto is to eat no more than 20 grams of carbohydrates per day without counting calories or tracking the other macronutrients, protein and fat,” said Allison Knott, MS, RDN, CSSD, a registered dietitian based in New York City.
Is Bacon dirty Keto?
“Dirty” keto, as some call it, is a fast food version of the keto diet, loaded with high-fat processed foods that are low-carb. Dirty keto staples include beef jerky, sliced full-fat cheese, bacon cheeseburgers, and Egg McMuffins (hold the buns and bread).
Can you poop fat out?
We do lose a bit of weight when we poop, but it’s not an effective way to lose the weight that really affects our health: body fat. Experts say fat that accumulates around the waist is the most dangerous type of body fat. This fat is called visceral fat.
What can you eat unlimited on keto?
Here are some healthy foods to eat on a ketogenic diet.
• Seafood. Fish and shellfish are very keto-friendly foods. …
• Low-carb vegetables. …
• Cheese. …
• Avocados. …
• Meat and poultry. …
• Eggs. …
• Coconut oil. …
• Plain Greek yogurt and cottage cheese.
How many pounds can I lose on Keto in a week?
Anecdotally, people report losses within the first week of anywhere from 1 pound (0.5 kg) to 10 or more pounds (5 kg). The larger you are, the more water weight you’re likely to lose after starting keto. Although, it’s unlikely that much of this initial weight loss is fat loss.
IT IS INTERESTING: You asked: Does alcohol keep you out of ketosis?
How many carbs will ruin ketosis?
And the effect is pretty immediate (aka the same day). For example: if you need to eat less than 20 grams of carbs per day to stay on keto, a cheat meal with 20 or more grams of carbohydrates will probably cause you to fall off the wagon.
Do you poop less on keto?
When you produce less waste, you poop less often–and on Keto, you’re going to poop less often. The body is very efficient at extracting nutrients from meats and fatty foods. The result is less waste. So don’t mistake fewer bowel movements with constipation.
How can I lose 50 pounds in 6 months?
You will need to cut 3,500 calories from your diet to lose one pound of fat – so cutting back 1,000 calories a day will equal two pounds of weight loss per week. At a weight loss of two pounds per week, you will lose 50 pounds in 25 weeks, or a little less than six months.
Does exercise speed up weight loss in ketosis?
Some research indicates that following a ketogenic diet may help boost fat burning during exercise. In fact, one small study in competitive race walkers showed that the diet increased the body’s ability to burn fat while working out, even during a range of different intensities of physical activity ( 6 ).
Is Nutella allowed in Keto?
But back to this keto nutella recipe – yes we can say its keto approved too as it contains very few carbs per serve. All you need to make a healthy homemade nutella is good quality hazelnuts, roast them, remove the skin and grind until it turns to a smooth butter.
IT IS INTERESTING: Can diet soda kick me out of ketosis?
What is best Keto breakfast?
Here are 20 great keto breakfast ideas to try right now.
• 1 / 20. 5-Ingredient Cream Cheese Pancakes. …
• 2 / 20. Breakfast Deviled Eggs. …
• 3 / 20. High-Protein Cottage Cheese Omelet. …
• 4 / 20. 90-Second Keto Bread. …
• 5 / 20. Veggie-Packed Frittata. …
• 6 / 20. Ham, Egg, and Cheese Wraps. …
• 7 / 20. Keto-Friendly Double Chocolate Smoothie. …
• 8 / 20.
12 янв. 2021 г.
How long should I do Keto?
Registered dietitians warn that nutrient deficiencies may be possible if you’re on it for too long. Stick to the keto diet for three to six months max, says Mancinelli, noting that some people opt to cycle in and out of the diet throughout the year.
Drying | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Characterization of unusual families of ATG8-like proteins and ATG12 in the protozoan parasite Leishmania major
Roderick A. M. Williams, Kerry L. Woods, Luiz Juliano, Jeremy C. Mottram, Graham H. Coombs
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
72 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
Leishmania major possesses, apparently uniquely, four families of ATG8-like genes, designated ATG8, ATG8A, ATG8B and ATG8C, and 25 genes in total. L. major ATG8 and examples from the ATG8A, ATG8B and ATG8C families are able to complement a Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATG8-deficient strain, indicating functional conservation. Whereas ATG8 has been shown to form putative autophagosomes during differentiation and starvation of L. major, ATG8A primarily form puncta in response to starvation-suggesting a role for ATG8A in starvation-induced autophagy. Recombinant ATG8A was processed at the scissile glycine by recombinant ATG4.2 but not ATG4.1 cysteine peptidases of L. major and, consistent with this, ATG4.2-deficient L. major mutants were unable to process ATG8A and were less able to withstand starvation than wad-type cells. GFP-ATG8-containing puncta were less abundant in ATG4.2 overexpression lines, in which unlipidated ATG8 predominated, which is consistent with ATG4.2 being an ATG8-deconjugating enzyme as well as an ATG8A-processing enzyme. In contrast, recombinant ATG8, ATG8B and ATG8C were all processed by ATG4.1, but not by ATG4.2. ATG8B and ATG8C both have a distinct subcellular location close to the flagellar pocket, but the occurrence of the GFP-labeled puncta suggest that they do not have a role in autophagy. L. major genes encoding possible ATG5, ATG10 and ATG12 homologues were found to complement their respective S. cerevisiae mutants, and ATG12 localized in part to ATG8-containing puncta, suggestive of a functional ATG5-ATG12 conjugation pathway in the parasite. L. major ATG12 is unusual as it requires C-terminal processing by an as yet unidentified peptidase.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)159-172
JournalAutophagy
Volume5
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 16 Feb 2009
Externally publishedYes
Keywords
• autophagy
• leishmania
• protozoan parasite
• ATG4
• ATG8
• ATG12
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Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hapalla
Hapalla (Hittite: 𒄩𒁄𒆷 Hapalla or Haballa), also written as Haballa, was a kingdom in central-western Anatolia during the Late Bronze Age. As one of the Arzawa states, it was a sometime vassal and sometime enemy of the Hittite Empire.
History
The first mention of Hapalla is when Arnuwanda I asks for help against a local uprising there. He bestows this duty to his vassal Madduwatta, who betrays him by taking Hapalla for himself. After threats from Arnuwanda, Madduwatta yields and hands it back to the Hittites.
Later, when the Hittites are retaking their lands under Suppiluliuma I, he sends his army into Hapalla, whose capital is burnt down and inhabitants deported. In 1340 BC, an independent Seha River Land, Mira, and Hapalla are carved out of Arzawa, who only retain their capital, Apasa, and the surrounding land.
The first sovereign known to us from Hapalla was Targasnalli who, after the failure of the uprising of Uhha-Ziti against Hittite monarch Muršili II (1319 BC), agreed to submit again to the authority of Hattuša and therefore was "...re-installed on the throne of Hapalla by the Hittite ruler". From the subsequent treaty of Kupanta-Kurunta, we learn that Targasnalli was still on the throne of Hapalla around 1310 BC.
The second ruler of Hapalla, a certain Ura-Hattusa, who appears in Alaksandu's treaty of 1280 BC, where the Hittite ruler Muwatalli II, son of Mursili, lists the four sovereigns of the surviving Arzawa kingdoms (What remained of Arzawa had been annexed by Mira) mentioning Ura-Hattusa as king of Hapalla. It is uncertain whether the two rulers came from the same family.
After this treaty, there are no more references to the kingdom of Hapalla.
It is now believed by scholars that towards the end of the Hittite empire (c. 1230 BC), King Tudhaliya IV established the State of Mira as the regional supervisor of Western Anatolia, with Hapalla most likely under its supervision.
Geography
All we know about Hapalla comes from Hittite royal archives. It bordered to the west by Mira, to the east by the Lower Land, and to the south by the land of Tarhuntassa, thus Hapalla may correspond to the classical region of Pisidia. Because of its position so close to the heart of the empire, it was often paid more attention by the Hittites, which considered it a bit like a buffer between the motherland and its Arzawa vassals. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2012 December 26
Category:Jain architecture
* The result of the discussion was: do not merge. Good Ol’factory (talk) 01:48, 8 January 2013 (UTC)
* Propose merging Category:Jain architecture to Category:Jain art
* Nominator's rationale: Architecture can be said as a subset of art. Both the categories have very small number of articles and it is unlikely that it will increase. Hence I propose a merger of the two categories. Rahuljain2307 (talk) 19:37, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* oppose The category is not too tiny and it's useful to keep it as a subcat of Category:Religious architecture. Mangoe (talk) 21:23, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* Oppose seperating out architecture is a reasonable program.John Pack Lambert (talk) 22:19, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* Oppose -- We have losts of architecture categories, so why not this one? Peterkingiron (talk) 16:38, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* Oppose per others. Best practice is to keep the two seperate, although as much of the art is temple carving, there will be some overlap, or the architecture can have art as a parent, as many such categories do. I would hope we will see some increase - we need Jain art for a start. Johnbod (talk) 04:42, 6 January 2013 (UTC)
Category:Canadian track and field athletes
* The result of the discussion was: keep.--Mike Selinker (talk) 21:39, 13 January 2013 (UTC)
* Propose merging Category:Canadian track and field athletes to Category:Canadian athletes
* Nominator's rationale: Such as others 225 categories in Category:Athletes by nationality. Kasper2006 (talk) 17:38, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* Question Are you asking that this one be moved but that the male and female categories be kept in their current locations? It would be rather awkward to move one but not the rest. Nyttend (talk) 18:00, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* Of course no, the right locations should be the categories that you deleted me (you too is that before you deleted it you asked to your self if they were fine or not), namely Category:Canadian female athletes and Category:Canadian male athletes. Of course, for the same reason of the 225, latter are the categories right and not Category:Canadian female track and field athletes and Category:Canadian male track and field athletes ;-) --Kasper2006 (talk) 18:39, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* As the nominator, it's your responsibility to list all categories that are up for discussion, and you absolutely must tag them or request a bot to change them if there are too many. When a category is deleted at CFD without being tagged and without being mentioned by the nominator, someone who wanted to keep it will easily get the deletion overturned at DRV. Nyttend (talk) 00:53, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* Reverse merge per earlier cfd. Moreover Category:American track and field athletes, kept at earlier cfds, has been emptied out-of-process by User:Kasper2006 and should be re-created. Oculi (talk) 18:54, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* For the record, it was an earlier CFD discussion that resulted in the "track and field athletes" wording in the first place — given that "athlete" is quite commonly (albeit incorrectly) used for any sportsperson, regardless of sport, the longer form was decided upon to minimize any ambiguity that might arise regarding the category's intended scope (i.e. the technical definition of "athlete", as a person who participates specifically in "track and field" athletics, rather than the common one.) Oppose nomination and move other sibling categories back to the "track and field athletes" form. Bearcat (talk) 20:19, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* Spyridon Louis is a "track and field athletes"'? No, because marathon is not a track and field event but an athletics (sport) event. Robert Korzeniowski is a "track and field athletes"'? No, because racewalking is not a track and field event but an athletics (sport) event. Usain Bolt is a "track and field athletes" (sprint (running) is T&F event), but he is also an athlete. You can understand, at this point, that it was decided to put all into this second category, rather than making a category "track and field athletes" (with 21 sub-categories) and another "athlete (race walk, marathon, cross-country runner and all others road runner athlete)". --Kasper2006 (talk) 12:56, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* No, if you do that, we should just delete then entire athlete heirarchy and merge it to sportspeople, because it cannot be used that way in North American Englishes. "athlete" is not restricted to your subset of sports. Your argument means we cannot have any division for T&F&related sportspeople at all. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:23, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* A review of the category substructures within Category:Athletics (sport) and Category:Track and field may need to be reviewed. Note as well that this is no scheme of Male athletes by country/nationality within Category:Male athletes. -- Star cheers peaks news lost wars Talk to me 22:07, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* FYI: categories by sex for athletics is relatively new. I think something as specific as Category:Canadian male long jumpers is not very useful. Rather, a move intuitive structure would be to have Category:Canadian long jumpers alongside Category:Canadian male track and field athletes (the second category concept does not yet exist). SFB 12:10, 29 December 2012 (UTC)
* 'Oppose ' if people use the term "athlete" for sportspeople, which they do, saying they are wrong makes no sense. In wikipedia we follow common use, not some "correct" system. The American category should never have been deleted either.John Pack Lambert (talk) 22:21, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* I think the administrator that brought about the deletion has acted with common sense. In fact, once en.wiki established the Convention that "athlete" is an athlete who practices the "athletics (sport)" (and I certainly did not set myself. Look at Category:Olympic athletes (track and field) by country). It is logical that all 226 categories go in the same direction and not 224 in one direction and Canadians and Americans in the other. ;-) --Kasper2006 (talk) 09:35, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* Strong oppose "athletes" are any sportsperson in Canadian English, so makes very little sense, if this is only about track and field athletes. Indeed, the entire hierarchy should be renamed to "track and field athletes" since they mean something completely different in Canadian and American English. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:09, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* Track and field (that not included road and cross-country events), are 21 events of the 25 of the athletics (sport). Ok an athlete (also in Italy) is a sportperson, but in en.wikipedia the covention says that is only "track and field athlete" (see Category:Olympic athletes (track and field) by country), included Category:Racewalkers, Category:Marathon runners and Category:Middle distance runners and Category:Long-distance runners that practice cross-country running. --Kasper2006 (talk) 09:23, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* That Olympics category is "athletes (track and field)" which is not your convention at all. Further WP:ENGVAR is violated through this rename, by ignoring Canadian English. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:35, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* I repeat that I did not establish this convention. Look at this Category:Athletes by nationality («This category is for competitors within the sport of athletics, comprising track and field, road running, cross country running and racewalking.»). Please someone can help me? :-P --Kasper2006 (talk) 09:39, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* It is the convention you are using, therefore it is your convention. You still didn't address why you ignored WP:ENGVAR or the previous CFD outcomes that established the US and Canadian category names. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:24, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* Comment the nominator created the target category "Canadian athletes" a few days ago -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:11, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* Comment the nominator did the same to Category:American track and field athletes a few days ago as well, I don't see a discussion on it. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:14, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* Comment the CFD prior to the 2011 CFD is available at Categories_for_discussion/Log/2007_September_27 -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:30, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* Comment I've restored Category:American athletes to a category redirect, undeleted the existing category, and given Kasper a final warning for emptying categories out of process. Nyttend (talk) 00:51, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* Comment I just wanted to point out that Category:Canadian racewalkers, Category:Canadian marathon runners and Category:Canadian middle distance runners and Category:Canadian long-distance runners (if they practice cross-country running), are not "Canadian track and field athletes" but "Canadian athlete". Then only Canadians and Americans (about 226 nations of the World) should enjoy this pointless distinction, it is not clear. ;-) --Kasper2006 (talk) 09:11, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* Comment your rename would mean we should delete the category as being equivalent to the sportspeople categories. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:36, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* Comment for what it is worth there is Category:Paralympic athletes (track and field) by country which seems to indicate these is not a consensus that athletes is a specific sub-set of Sportspeople.John Pack Lambert (talk) 16:48, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* Reverse merge In Canadian and American English athletes is used as a synonym for sportspeople. However that will just be too confusing since there are people who insist that such usage is "incorrect". Therefore we should merge to the category that follows Candian usage. Since there is Category:Olympic athletes (track and field) by country I think that this rename should actually be instituted in more cases. I am actually thinking this whole set of categories is a big mess that will need some work.John Pack Lambert (talk) 16:53, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* Oppose per above. In North America "athlete" means "sportsperson". This change introduces nothing but confusion. Resolute 15:46, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
* Also in Italy "athlete" means "sportsperson" and maybe in worldwide, but en.wikipedia established this: «This is a category of track and field athletes who participated in the Summer Olympics.» You can control here: Category:Olympic athletes (track and field) by country. And more here: «This category is for competitors within the sport of athletics, comprising track and field, road running, cross country running and racewalking. For track and field athletes specifically, please use Category:Track and field athletes by nationality For sportspeople in general, please use Category:Sportspeople by nationality». This is a wikipedia convention sure not mine. :-) --Kasper2006 (talk) 17:17, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
* track and field athletes by nationality appears to be a relatively new category, since it wasn't the situation before. As the lack of edits to it shows. Considering the lack of a category tree under that name, it's not an accepted Wikipedia convention. Indeed, there is no discussion showing that there was any consensus in creating that category as a separate category tree from "athletes (track and field)" -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:45, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
* "Athlete", meaning a competitor in athletics, is British English usage. It would have been a good idea to learn this before making category moves. SFB 12:10, 29 December 2012 (UTC)
* Without looking into it, I can guarantee you that "Wikipedia" did not create such a convention, but rather, one or two people did. And that is fine, WP:BOLD and the like. But, as you are now finding out, that convention of a couple people is failing under the scrutiny of wider input. Even so, the claim that this is a wiki-wide convention is dubious given the long existence of Category:Canadian track and field athletes. Resolute 15:21, 29 December 2012 (UTC)
* Oppose while I understand Kasper's reasoning this is likely to do nothing but confuse the reader who doesn't know Wikipedia's internal policies. -DJSasso (talk) 19:46, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
* Comment I have nominated Category:Athletics in Canada for deletion, since it was created on 26 December 2012, and is clearly not Canadian English, and it displaced an existing category that did the same job. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:11, 29 December 2012 (UTC)
* Oppose I tried specifically to create a category structure which reflects real world usage, hence Category:British athletes and Category:American track and field athletes. Kaspar, you are trying to create a homogeneous structure, but English is not homogeneous. The athlete/track and field distinctions have caused a lot of hot air and wasted time in the past. I would like to continue with the current organisation, where any native English-speaker will find the their national and Olympic categories intelligible. Like democracy, it is the worst system – except for all the other ones we've tried. Forcing a wiki-wide unified "athlete" or "track and field athlete" solution on the readership will inevitably result in an outcry from those who don't feel that it respects their perspective. SFB 12:10, 29 December 2012 (UTC)
* Reverse merge. Most if not all Canadians consider a racewalker, marathoner, and even cross-country runner to be a "track (and field) athlete", loosely speaking anyway, so the older category functions perfectly fine. Athletics and track and field have separate WP articles now, but I can't see how to separate well the literal 'track and field' from the misnomered "track and field" categories for Canada and the U.S. - Category:Canadian track and field (athletics) track and field athletes and Category:Canadian track and field (athletics) athletics athletes is a bit much, obviously. Mayumashu (talk) 19:29, 2 January 2013 (UTC)
* except that, if anything, racewalker is a "walker" and not a "runner". Sorry, you note that you "track and field" events are events that take place in "track" and "field". If you do run the 100 meters in the street, they become a "road event" while remaining a "runner event." ;-) --Kasper2006 (talk) 19:39, 2 January 2013 (UTC)
* North American English uses a misnomer here, simply put. For most North Americans 'track and field' = 'athletics' regardless of whether (the athletics) events literally occur on a track or field or neither. Mayumashu (talk) 23:25, 2 January 2013 (UTC)
* This was the crux of the issue between the division of the two articles: if you combine the topics onto one article it has to describe the broader concept of athletics so there can be no article specifically on track and field (other sub-set articles, such as cross country running, never had to deal with this concept conflation and rightly had dedicated articles). SFB 10:45, 6 January 2013 (UTC)
* Reverse merge. This discussion has been had a number of times, and I think Kaspar might be better off to not try to fight the real-world usages. Good Ol’factory (talk) 01:52, 8 January 2013 (UTC)
* Comment I do not know the origin of those who insist "track and field athletes," but I think they are users in North America. The fact is that for the most part Wikipedia is read by users around the world and, in my opinion, it should be done violence to a majority by a minority. --Kasper2006 (talk) 07:31, 8 January 2013 (UTC)
* You really are showing a total lack of understanding of the ENGVAR rules.John Pack Lambert (talk) 03:10, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
Indian footballers by state
* The result of the discussion was: rename Good Ol’factory (talk) 01:46, 8 January 2013 (UTC)
* Propose Renaming: Category:Mizo footballers → Category:Footballers from Mizoram
* Nominator's rationale: To keep the category on line with other categories used for this categories purpose (See Category:American soccer players by state or Category:Indian footballers by state). Cheers. --ArsenalFan700 (talk) 15:17, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* Also want to rename: Category:Bengali footballers → Category:Footballers from West Bengal.
* Comment From looking at a few of the bios listed, not all listed are from the state, but are, apparently, of the ethnicity given - few seem to give sources, so it would seem a WP user or users have particular local knowledge of the ethnicity of the players listed. It would be more straightforward to categorize the players by state and not ethnicity but some bios will need to purged and maybe others added. Mayumashu (talk) 02:04, 31 December 2012 (UTC)
* I noticed that to and that is why I want to change the name of the page. See the discussion below about Muslim footballers. These types of categories should not be on wikipedia and when the category names are changed I want to clean the categories and player pages so to show they are from West Bengal or Mizoram. --ArsenalFan700 (talk) 18:51, 31 December 2012 (UTC)
* Comment - Looks like there is only one article using such a categorisation, others appear to be in Category:Indian footballers. For me you should create the other state categories first then there would be a stronger reason to change the Bengali and Mizo ones. Thanks, C 679 21:20, 6 January 2013 (UTC)
* I started it all last week. The current one (Maharashtra) was just a test which shall soon be expanded upon (as you see with the 1 article being in it). I was going to expand on that one and do the other ones but after seeing these two categories I thought I wait until these two are changed before moving on. Anyway I will try and restart what I was doing. Cheers. --ArsenalFan700 (talk) 21:25, 6 January 2013 (UTC)
* Rename per nom. The general trend is to not use denonyms for sub-national entities. This is especially wise in these cases because both names could be interpreted as ethnic and not locational identifications.John Pack Lambert (talk) 23:51, 6 January 2013 (UTC)
Category:Muslim footballers
* The result of the discussion was: delete. Good Ol’factory (talk) 23:08, 6 January 2013 (UTC)
* Propose deleting muslim footballers
* Nominator's rationale: per WP:OC: not a defining characteristic (which is not to belittle personal importance), it would not be reasonable to have an article on Muslim footballers. Kevin McE (talk) 01:05, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* Delete: Not a defining characteristic. Some players also may tend to change religions sometimes. Most players also don't reveal their religion so the categories on religion would be more empty than it should. --ArsenalFan700 (talk) 15:17, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* delete as completely unconnected cross-categorization. Mangoe (talk) 17:23, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* Delete we do not cross-categorize by sport and religion.John Pack Lambert (talk) 22:22, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
* Delete; not at all helpful. Nyttend (talk) 00:54, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* Delete - The fact that these players are Muslims is irrelevant to their careers as professional footballers. – PeeJay 17:32, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* Delete - Per nomination. Also, there are some fro whom Islam as a nation, and this would support this misrepresentation. --Walter Görlitz (talk) 21:20, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* Delete – Per nom. – Michael (talk) 01:36, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
* Delete - per nom; as pointed out one's religion has nothing to do with their behavior on the field. Can someone please nominate Category:Jewish footballers now?? Carlossuarez46 (talk) 06:04, 29 December 2012 (UTC)
* That has been proposed in the past, and has been retained on the grounds that it is a category that is defined by ethnicity, not nationality. Quite what is distinctive about a Jewish, Igbo, Cornish or Asian American playing football is unclear, but it is a different discussion. However, this is Wikipedia: if you think it ought to be CfDed, CfD it. Kevin McE (talk) 12:37, 29 December 2012 (UTC)
* Done. TonyStarks (talk) 07:36, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
* Keep – If a player changes religion as people in any other occupation may do, in which case you would just remove the category from the article. Players that have revealed being a Muslim would only be included and not those whose name, nationality, ethnicity etc would imply that they are.
* The reason for connection in cross-categorisation is due the fact that fasting during the month of Ramadan is compulsory for every Muslim and when this falls during the playing season this does in fact affect their careers as professional footballers and behaviour on field as athletes therefore this relevant and may be even more so than their ethnicity as the category Category:Jewish footballers. You will also find that this has been covered in depth by the players on the following news articles on; being a Muslim, Islamophobia, abstinence from alcohol, fasting, usury/gambling. Tanbircdq (talk) 14:15, 29 December 2012 (UTC).
* It should be noted that Tanbircdq is the instigator of, and only editor to populate, this category. He posted many players to it apparently on an assumption made due to nationality/name, where there has been no evidence provided of their religious belief, contrary to BLP (and sometimes contrary to direct evidence on players' articles), and there is no evidence on the articles of most players that they adhere strictly to Ramadan disciplines. According to the quote that he has posted on the article of Marouane Chamakh, it is not a major problem. If anyone wants to make a category on players whose careers have been compromised by their strict adherence to the disciplines of Ramadan, I would not oppose it. Kevin McE (talk) 14:35, 29 December 2012 (UTC)
* I failed to see how being a descendant of the prophet Isaac would have a more significant bearing on a footballer’s career than something that would be a central part of their lives such as them being a Muslim. This may not apply to sportspeople of other religions just as it may not apply for a Muslim snooker player, golfer, archer etc. However for Muslims in athletic sports such as football, tennis, basketball, track and field etc there is a clear link here between them being sportspeople and their religion.
* Bearing in mind the category has only been created a few days ago it is not unusual that I am the only editor to populate this category. In response to the charge of me posting many players to it apparently on an assumption made due to nationality/name, in actual fact many of the players I got from the Association football section of the article List of Muslim sportspersons. However I do accept that I should have checked the articles before posting the categories on them therefore I have now added information sourced with references on the players articles where the category has been added. Also if players on that list have been incorrectly placed there then that discussion can be made on that article.
* I would avoid using individual players as examples of the difficulty in observing the principles of Ramadan as some players out of personal choice have chosen to compromise the correct rules of fasting in favour of being able to perform better, however even then it still affects their fitness, nutrition and diet etc.
* Other than fasting there have been notable occasions when Muslim players beliefs have clashed with their footballing career such as when Demba Ba and Papiss Cisse refused to wear the Wonga sponsored Newcastle shirt and when Freddie Kanoute refused to wear the logo of gambling website 888.com on his Seville shirt.. Tanbircdq (talk) 19:40, 31 December 2012 (UTC).
* So because of Eric Liddell's extreme devotion, we should make a similar category for Christian athletes as well? Many of these athletes are Muslim in name only. At least one "converted" so he could marry. --Walter Görlitz (talk) 17:46, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
* Not "extreme devotion" alone but if there is a direct notable link between the practises of Christianity affecting the athlete's career then yes of course why not. A few of them may be Muslim in name only, however many of them are not such as Sulley Muntari, Frédéric Kanouté etc as you will find from the references on their articles. Tanbircdq (talk) 18:30, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
* Delete A very odd catergory, does there religion have any relevance to thier careers? I came across this because of the Leon Best article, looked it up and there are sources stating that best is Muslim, but not himself. Murry1975 (talk) 14:14, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
* If you read up I have already given reasons as to why their religion is relevant to their careers as per WP:OC in response to the nomination for deletion, if you or anyone disagrees with these reasons please respond. Tanbircdq (talk) 17:34, 1 January 2012 (UTC)
* I have read up and am familar with the guideline. And could you show how it is relevamt to the careers of most of these? You would have to detail everyone you wanted to enter, or have already entered to show how Islam affects their professional life. Please go ahead and do that then. Murry1975 (talk) 11:44, 2 January 2013 (UTC)
* Delete - It is enough that they be identified as for example: Senegalese Muslims, Bosnian Muslims, Malian Muslims, French Mulsims e.t.c. If a Muslim player is born in 1985, should we then add a category called Muslims born in 1985?! If a Muslim player is a mid-fielder, should we then add a category called Muslim mid-fielders?! By this logic, where will this specifying end?!Suid-Afrikaanse (talk) 23:56, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
* If you are guided by WP:OC the specifying would end when the cross-categorisation has an insignificant bearing on their career, which would be the case in the examples you have given of the birth year or playing position of a Muslim or a footballer. Whereas an athlete being a Muslim can have a significant affect on their careers. I believe a similar reasoning would have been used to create the category Category:Gay sportspeople.
* Also your argument appears to contradict many other well-established categories such as the fact that Jewish people are identified as American Jews, British Jews, Polish Jews etc, however there are also categories such as Category:Jewish writers, Category:Jewish musicians, Category:Jewish politicians etc as it is relevant to their careers that they are Jewish. Tanbircdq (talk) 18:45, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related deletions. Tanbircdq (talk) 18:45, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
* The Jewish example is a bad one. Jewishness is an ethno-religious identity, Muslimness is primarily only a religious identification. Otherwise people would not mock those who claim that Barack Obama is Muslim, because if Muslimness could be inherited his grand-father being a Muslim would make him Muslim. The relevant category would be do we have Category:Christian footballers. Islam as an aggresively expansionis religion hardly can be claimed to be a religion that is also an ethnicity.John Pack Lambert (talk) 19:20, 2 January 2013 (UTC)
* I think you may have missed the point in reply to Suid-Afrikaanse who appeared to be implying that categories could not overlap, such as a two cross-categories on the same article. So to repeat with using a better example; Muslims are indeed identified as Senegalese Muslims, Bosnian Muslims, Malian Muslims, French Muslims, however there are also categories such as Category:Muslim writers, Muslim scholars, Category:Muslim historians etc as being Muslim has had a significant bearing on their careers. Category:Christian footballers category I assume does not exist as being a Christian does not have a significant bearing on their careers as footballers. Tanbircdq (talk) 22:07, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
* I think you have missed a very important point about your Category:Muslim writers, Muslim scholars, Category:Muslim historians: the reason why Muslim is added to their occupation is because what they are writing about is about Islam; what the scholar is a scholar in is Islam; what the historian is studied-in and knowledgeable of is Muslim history. However, a footballer is not on the field studying, teaching, or preaching Islam. His religion has no actual bearing on the field - he is just playing a sport. However, off the field he may very well be a religious or nominal Muslim, and that is taken into account under already existing categories. There is no need for this extra category.Suid-Afrikaanse (talk) 23:09, 2 January 2013 (UTC)
* His religion would have a bearing on his career if he observed fasts during the season as it would affect his performance. Tanbircdq (talk) 23:35, 3 January 2012 (UTC)
* I think you are stretching the case too far. On the field he is not doing anything to suggest he is a Muslim. Look at it this way: if you had a team that had players of various religions - including a Muslim who is fasting - but none of their names or details were known (for arguments sake), would you then be able to tell me which player is a Muslim and which isn't? If you answer no, that is because that players religion has no bearing on the field. But if that player was preaching or praying e.t.c on the field, then you would know regardless of a name or not, that the player is a Muslim. This is my point and this is why your category is irrelevant.Suid-Afrikaanse (talk) 06:04, 4 January 2013 (UTC)
* By that same example if there was also a gay footballer on that same team what would he be doing that would suggest he was homosexual? Would you also be able to identify which player was gay or not? Therefore according to you would you agree that it is also the case that a footballer’s sexuality has no bearing on the field and is irrelevant? However there is a notable category Category:LGBT association football players. Tanbircdq (talk) 14:40, 5 January 2012 (UTC)
* I completely reject any such categories for footballers - whether Muslim, Christian, Jew, LGBT e.t.c. My opinion is if the prefix to the footballer cannot be discerned on the field by my previous example, then it shouldn't be added. I think the addition of such categories has less to do with common sense and more to do with party-spirit, and all such categories already in existence should be deleted.Suid-Afrikaanse (talk) 00:32, 6 January 2013 (UTC)
* Your rational that Islam has an impact on an association football player's performance such as fasting over Ramadan etc. does have an impact on their careers. However both Zinedine Zidane and Samir Nasri have said that while they've been born into Muslim families they are non-practicing, and by your ver own rational they shouldn't be included in this category then. Also you state that Christianity has no impact on a footballers career or life. I disagree. In many Latin American countries players pray before games, and many countries have shamans that travel with the teams. Yet having a category such as Category:Christian footballers or Category:Animist footballers would be rejected because there would be a wide variety of people that would fall under the category. Likewise there are a large number of footballers that are Muslim, and naturally there is variation in their beliefs; some fast during Ramadan, some postpone their fast, some don't fast at all. This should be taken into consideration when viewing this category. Inter&anthro (talk) 23:25, 2 January 2013
* I can agree that as Zinedine Zidane and Samir Nasri are non-practising therefore the category can be removed from their article. Maybe a suggestion can be made for Muslim athletes that fast then?
* By the way I did not say Christianity has no impact on a footballers life, also when I was referring about the impact it has on their career I was talking about a direct, notable impact linking the practise with the sport like for example if there was a Christian athlete who would not perform on Sundays or if he fasting for 40 days during Lent. Tanbircdq (talk) 23:35, 3 January 2012 (UTC)
* First of all I apologze for me stateing what I thought was your point of view, that was uneeded by me. I don't want this catagory to be deleted, but I think that since most Muslims faste during Ramadan that this catagory is too broad to contain ALL muslim footballers. I was thinking that it could be used for footballers like Demba Ba and Papiss Cisse who took their devotion one step farther refused to wear the Wonga sponsored Newcastle shirt and Freddie Kanoute who refused to wear the logo of gambling company on his Seville shirt. Inter&anthro (talk) 19:25, 4 January 2013 (UTC)
* No problem, that is OK, your apology is accepted. I agree that it may be too broad to include all Muslim footballers because if they are non-practising their religious identity is irrelevant to their careers as footballers. I would like to add that a player whose devotion, where there is a conflict or affect between his faith and career should be included and therefore propose that notable instances of devotion such as fasting, refusal to wear gambling sponsored shirts, victim of Islamophobic chants from supporters etc to be included within the category. Tanbircdq (talk) 14:40, 5 January 2012 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Glass Fire Grows To Over 60K Acres; Containment Continues To Creep Up – CBS Sacramento
CALISTOGA (CBS13) The latest on the Glass Fire burning in Napa and Sonoma counties: 7:00 p.m. Cal Fire's Friday evening update on the Glass Fire says the blaze has scorched 61,150 acres at 8% containment. Approximately 1,000 structures, including homes, have been destroyed or damaged. There have not been any reported deaths or injuries in the wildfire. #GlassFire is 61,150 acres and 8% contained. pic.twitter.com/uyP38Ox2HE CAL FIRE LNU (@CALFIRELNU) October 3, 2020 1:00 p.m. Calistoga city officials sent out an alert Friday on the smoke-filled skies which could limit missions carried out by air tankers. A layer of heavy smoke is blanketing Calistoga this morning as the mandatory evacuation order continues to be in effect, officials warned. Air quality within the area remains at hazardous levels…Overnight the most active section of the fire burned up to Highway 29/Lake County Highway a couple miles above Calistoga. When asked about the fire conditions, Cal Fire incident manager Billy See a veteran of the recently-concluded firefight with the now contained CZU Lightning Complex in the Santa Cruz Mountains didn't mince words. It's going to be a big firefight for us over the next 36 hours, he said. While winds had calmed a bit as dawn neared Friday, the glow of fires could be seen along now closed Highway 29. Read more at CBSSanFrancisco.com. 8:40 a.m. Cal Fire's latest numbers Friday morning show that the Glass Fire has now grown to 60,148 acres. Containment now stands at 6 percent, up slightly from what it was on Thursday. Firefighters continued working through the night to get a handle on the flames. Crews were still battling above-average temperatures and low humidity at higher elevations, while downed trees and dry vegetation are continuing to threaten fire lines. #GlassFire is 60,148 acres and 6% contained. pic.twitter.com/uVKa8AI8BL CAL FIRE LNU (@CALFIRELNU) October 2, 2020 Several new evacuations were ordered in Napa County on Thursday. Previous day's updates below: 2:31 p.m. A new immediate evacuation order has been given due to the Glass Fire in Napa County. Per Cal Fire, people in the following areas should evacuate: All areas of Napa County north of Calistoga City limits between Highway 128, Sonoma County line and Highway 29. All addresses on both sides of Highway 29 between Calistoga City limits and the Lake County line. All addresses on Old Lawley Toll Road. 12:31 p.m. Gov. Gavin Newsom is out touring the damage left by the Glass Fire in Napa County on Thursday. The governor again cited climate change as the reason California is facing historically extreme wildfires. We're dealing with extremes that scientists had predicted, Newsom said while fielding some questions from reporters. Newsom is also meeting with residents impacted by the Glass Fire on Thursday. At least 107 homes in Napa County have been destroyed so far in the Glass Fire, according to Cal Fire's latest numbers. Another 36 homes have been destroyed in Sonoma County. 8:39 a.m. The Glass Fire continues to grow, but containment has also started to creep up. As of Thursday morning, Cal Fire reports that the wildfire had grown to 56,781 acres. Containment was now up to 5 percent. A total of 248 structures have been destroyed in the Glass Fire, according to Cal Fire's latest numbers. Another 144 structures have been damaged. More high temperatures and extreme conditions were forecasted for Thursday as firefighters prepared for the worst. Gusty, hot breezes are predicted to push the fire – already weaving a destructive path through wine country – on a wind-driven march toward Pope Valley in an area not touched by a wildfire on at least 70 years, Cal Fire officials warned. The National Weather Service said a Heat Advisory was in effect from 11 a.m. to 8 p.m. Thursday, with increased fire risk in the North Bay Mountains and the Santa Lucia Mountains. A Red Flag Warning was also in effect from 1 p.m. Thursday to 6 p.m. Friday. According to the EPA's AirNow website, air quality around the Central Valley has fallen to the red unhealthy tier for many places as of Thursday morning. The extreme conditions would add to the challenges facing firefighters Thursday, who are working in extremely difficult terrain. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Koeppel Community Center
The Koeppel Community Center is an indoor ice hockey arena on the campus of Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut. It is home to the Trinity Bantams men's and women's ice hockey programs and has seating for 3,400 spectators.
History
In 1998, the Connecticut Bonding Commission approved $2 million to fund the building of a new ice rink in downtown Hartford. While the funding was a necessary first step, the final cost of the rink would far exceed the sum from the state. Six years later, a group of several entities, including Trinity College held fundraising drives to raise the additional money required. a little over 15 months later, the ground breaking ceremony was held on a plot of land just across the street from Trinity's main campus. A year later, the doors opened for the Koeppel Community Sports Center.
Up to that time, Trinity's ice hockey teams had to use other local rinks and had most recently been hosted at the Oxford Rink in West Hartford. Initially, the venue had seating for 1,200 with an additional 300 bleacher seats available. Shortly after opening, however, the arena was criticized by some as not living up to its name and failing to serve the local community as a whole. Within two years, Trinity purchased a removable floor that can be placed over the rink and allow the building to be used for multiple other pursuits. Additionally, seating arrangements were expanded to hold up to 3,400 spectators.
The rink is dedicated in honor of Albert C. Williams '64. | WIKI |
Poste Italiane launches energy supply business for staff initially
MILAN, June 16 (Reuters) - Italian mail group Poste Italiane PST.MI launched an energy supply business for its employees, two sources told Reuters on Thursday, a first step before extending the new line to the general public.
The offer, named "Energy 160" to honour the 160-year-long history of the Italian company, includes both gas and electricity supplies.
Poste, now a conglomerate whose services range from digital payments to mobile services, said in May it would enter the energy sector by the end of the year, with an offer based exclusively on renewable sources.
Poste Italiane aims to be among the top five energy providers in Italy by 2024, the company said in March.
(Reporting by Francesco Zecchini Editing by Keith Weir)
((Francesco.Zecchini@thomsonreuters.com;))
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Category:Iraq stubs
Note: For geographical articles relating to Iraq, please use Iraq-geo-stub instead. | WIKI |
Maxime Dupé
Maxime Dupé (born 4 March 1993) is a French professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for club Nice.
Club career
Dupé joined the youth system of Nantes in 2008 and signed his first professional contract with the club in the summer of 2012. He made his Ligue 1 debut on 15 February 2014, keeping a clean sheet in a 0–0 draw against Nice.
On 27 July 2019, Dupé joined Ligue 2 side Clermont, on a one-year loan.
Toulouse announced the signing of Dupé on 29 June 2020, for a reported fee of €500,000. In 2022, Dupé won the Ligue 2 title with Toulouse.
On 18 July 2023, Dupé joined Belgian Pro League club Anderlecht on a free transfer, signing a two-year contract.
On 28 January 2024, Dupé moved to Nice in Ligue 1.
International career
Dupé has represented France at both under-17 and under-18 levels. He was an unused member of the under-20 squad that won the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
Honours
Toulouse
* Ligue 2: 2021–22
* Coupe de France: 2022–23
France U20
* FIFA U-20 World Cup: 2013 | WIKI |
Michael McKenzie (swimmer)
Michael Bruce McKenzie (born 3 July 1967) is an Australian former long-distance freestyle swimmer who represented Australia at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. He came 11th in the 1500m freestyle with a time of 15:19.34 in the qualifying heats.
He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. | WIKI |
Anundsjö IF
Anundsjö IF is a Swedish football club located in Bredbyn outside Örnsköldsvik. The club, formed in 1921, is currently playing in the fourth highest Swedish league, Division 2. The club is affiliated to the Ångermanlands Fotbollförbund.
Attendances
In recent seasons Anundsjö IF have had the following average attendances: | WIKI |
Swami Yogananda Giri
Swami Yogananda Giri is a Hindu religious figure in Italy. He was the founder of the Unione Induista Italia.
Early life
Yogananda was born in Italy and converted to Hinduism when he was a teenager. After immigrating to India, he learned Sanskrit and became learned in South Indian Agamas. He was initiated as a renunciate monk in 1982. In 1985, he established the Gitananda Ashram in Savona. | WIKI |
Orchestra Makassy
Orchestra Makassy were an East African soukous band of the late 1970s and early 1980s, consisting of musicians from Uganda and Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo).
About
In 1975, under the leadership of their principal vocalist Kitenzogu "Mzee" Makassy, the group moved from Kampala, Uganda to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, taking up residence at the New Africa Hotel where they were joined by guitarists and singers such as Mose Se Sengo ('Fan Fan') and Remmy Ongala. One of the band's first recordings was the song "Chama Cha Mapinduzi" praising the Tanzanian independence party, with lyrics based on the words of the country's first president, Julius Nyerere. In 1982, the band moved to Nairobi, Kenya, to record The Nairobi AGWAYA Sessions at the CBS Nairobi studio. Remmy Ongala left the band and stayed in Tanzania where he went on to join Orchestra Super Matimila. Mose Se Sengo left the band in Kenya to start his own band Somo Somo. The Nairobi Agwaya Sessions, produced by London-based Australian engineer, Norman Mighell, has been described as "one of the finest moments of East African rumba". The band broke up in 1984.
Partial discography
* The Radio Tanzanian Sessions (1980)
* The Nairobi Agwaya Sessions (Virgin 1982) - reissued in 2005 under the title Legends of East Africa - Orchestra Makassy
* The Greatest Hits Of Makassy | WIKI |
Doris Mühringer
Doris Mühringer (18 September 1920 – 26 May 2009) was an Austrian poet, short story writer, and children's writer. She has received a number of awards, and her contributions to Austrian poetry, which both are considered particularly significant.
Biography
Born in Graz, Mühringer suffered a serious illness, when she was seven years old. After being bed-ridden for months, she had to learn how to walk again. During this period, she discovered the world of books, especially fairy tales, which provided her with exciting new experiences, often affecting her own poetry in later life.
In 1929, the family moved to Vienna, where she completed various studies at the University of Vienna without graduating. After the war, Mühringer settled in Salzburg, where she made a living translating from English, and taking on secretarial work and proof reading for publishing houses. She met the writer Hans Weigel, who persuaded her to move to Vienna, and became her mentor. In 1954, he published some of her poems in his collection, Stimmen der Gegenwart (Voices from the Present). In 1976, she published her own rather different version of the fairy tale "Der Wolf und die sieben Geißlein" ("The Wolf and the Seven Young Kids") by the Brothers Grimm, as part of the children's book Neues vom Rumpelstilzchen und andere Haus-Märchen von 43 Autoren, compiled by Hans-Joachim Gelberg.
Shortly after publication of Stimmen der Gegenwart, she received the Georg Trakl Poetry Award (1954), soon to be followed by the Bertelsmann Poetry Prize (1956). She has received a number of other awards, including the Boga-Tinti Prize in 1972. In 2001, she was awarded the Austrian Prize for Children's and Young Adult Literature (Österreichischer Kinder- und Jugendbuchpreis).
A member of the international PEN Club, and of the Austrian PODIUM, she moved in literary circles, took part in open readings, and, in 1969, went on a lecture tour to the United States. Despite her relatively few publications, the Austrian writer Gerhard Ruiss commented that there was absolutely no doubt Doris Mühringer was one of "the most important contributors to Austrian poetry over the last few decades".
Works
* 1957 Gedichte I (poetry)
* 1969 Gedichte II (poetry)
* 1976 Staub öffnet das Auge. Gedichte III (poetry)
* 1976 Der Wolf und die sieben Geißlein
* 1984 Vögel die ohne Schlaf sind. Gedichte IV (poetry)
* 1985 Tanzen unter dem Netz (short stories)
* 1989 Das hatten die Ratten vom Schatten (humorous prose)
* 1995 Reisen wir (selected poems)
* 1999 Aber jetzt zögerst du (poetry)
* 2000 Auf der Wiese liegend (for children)
* 2000 Angesiedelt im Zwischenreich. Achtzig für achtzig
* 2002 Ausgewählte Gedichte (selected poems for children)
* 2005 Es verirrt sich die Zeit (complete works) | WIKI |
Page:Frank Packard - On the Iron at Big Cloud.djvu/287
, waved an arm and shouted: "All out. Let 'er go!" He saw the foreman bend over the battery and make the connection that would spark the time-fuse at the other end, and then a groan of horror went up around him. Number Eighteen, with a cry and a desperate effort to pull himself over the top, had slipped back and disappeared from sight!
Haggerty's pipe dropped to the ground from between his teeth, his heart seemed to stop its beats, a cold sweat broke out upon his face. He was on his feet now, and the foreman's words were ringing in his ears: "Then there's a minute, lots of time! Then there's a minute, lots of time!"
He began to run, and the seconds, as he ran, lengthened into years and cycles. "My God!" he muttered in a catchy way.
But fast as he ran, someone was faster than he. Five yards from the edge of the excavation, a figure, small, short, speeding like the wind, passed him. It was Hale—the super!
Behind, the foreman's voice bellowed hoarsely: "Come back! Come back! Ye can't get to the fuse! D'ye hear!"
"Mabbe," mumbled Haggerty between his teeth, "mabbe we can get the man. Mary, Mother, help us!"
Hale, flat on the ground, was making to swing himself over as Haggerty, for the second time, caught him by the collar of his coat. "You ain't strong enough," he grunted, yanking the super back. "You help me from the top"—and over the edge he went himself. | WIKI |
Commits
Carl Meyer committed 684edc7
set default value correctly for added columns in SQLite; fixes #447
• Participants
• Parent commits 898fefd
• Branches default
Comments (0)
Files changed (2)
File south/db/sqlite3.py
"Used to copy data into a new table"
# Make a list of all the fields to select
cursor = self._get_connection().cursor()
- q_fields = [column_info[0] for column_info in self._get_connection().introspection.get_table_description(cursor, dst)]
- new_to_old = {}
- for old, new in field_renames.items():
- new_to_old[new] = old
- q_fields_new = []
- for field in q_fields:
- if field in new_to_old:
- # Make sure renames are done correctly
- q_fields_new.append("%s AS %s" % (self.quote_name(new_to_old[field]), self.quote_name(field)))
+ src_fields = [column_info[0] for column_info in self._get_connection().introspection.get_table_description(cursor, src)]
+ dst_fields = [column_info[0] for column_info in self._get_connection().introspection.get_table_description(cursor, dst)]
+ src_fields_new = []
+ dst_fields_new = []
+ for field in src_fields:
+ if field in field_renames:
+ dst_fields_new.append(self.quote_name(field_renames[field]))
+ elif field in dst_fields:
+ dst_fields_new.append(self.quote_name(field))
else:
- q_fields_new.append(self.quote_name(field))
- q_fields = q_fields_new
+ continue
+ src_fields_new.append(self.quote_name(field))
# Copy over the data
- self.execute("INSERT INTO %s SELECT %s FROM %s;" % (
+ self.execute("INSERT INTO %s (%s) SELECT %s FROM %s;" % (
self.quote_name(dst),
- ', '.join(q_fields),
+ ', '.join(dst_fields_new),
+ ', '.join(src_fields_new),
self.quote_name(src),
))
File south/tests/db.py
db.add_column("test_addc", "add1", models.IntegerField(default=3), keep_default=False)
# Add a FK with keep_default=False (#69)
User = db.mock_model(model_name='User', db_table='auth_user', db_tablespace='', pk_field_name='id', pk_field_type=models.AutoField, pk_field_args=[], pk_field_kwargs={})
+ # insert some data so we can test the default value of the added fkey
+ db.execute("INSERT INTO test_addc (eggs, add1) VALUES (1, 2)")
db.add_column("test_addc", "user", models.ForeignKey(User, null=True), keep_default=False)
# try selecting from the user_id column to make sure it was actually created
- db.execute("SELECT user_id FROM test_addc")
+ val = db.execute("SELECT user_id FROM test_addc")[0][0]
+ self.assertEquals(val, None)
db.delete_column("test_addc", "add1")
db.delete_table("test_addc") | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Jarvis (crater)
Jarvis is a crater that lies on the far side of the Moon. It is located within the walled plain Apollo, and lies in the eastern half of this basin within the interior ring.
Jarvis has a low, somewhat worn outer rim that is generally circular. There is a wide break in the south-southeastern portion of the rim where is it partly overlain by the crater McNair. The latter is younger than Jarvis, since its rim still survives where it intersects the interior of Jarvis. The interior of the crater is otherwise undistinguished, being marked only by tiny craters and some low ridges along the ramparts of McNair.
The crater name was approved by the IAU in 1988 in honor of Gregory Jarvis, killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster on January 28, 1986. The crater was formerly designated Borman Z, a satellite crater of Borman. | WIKI |
Talk:Bill Crooks
Untitled
As soon as I can, I'll try to get some further biographic information on Crooks, like date/place born/died etc. I think he's born 1908.
Dick Bos (talk) 03:01, 26 December 2008 (UTC)
* done, Dick Bos (talk) 07:19, 1 March 2010 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Trigonometry/Inverse Trigonometric Functions
maybe it would be better to define the inverse relation of sine as {(-1)^n * arcsin(x) + pi*n}? I think that's a nicer way of doing it than having to write down to general solutions to the equation sinx = y. | WIKI |
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