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Last updated December 28th, 2018
What you'll learn
• What the Speak block does
• How to make Alexa speak
• How to use different Alexa voices
• How to use variables within the Speak block
• How to make Alexa play random/different things
Video tutorial:
What the Speak does
The Speak block allows you to control Alexa's speech and audio for the user. With the Speak block, you can have Alexa talk to the user in a variety of voices, as well as play audio files.
How to make Alexa speak
To make Alexa speak, drag in a speak block and click on it. On the far left panel, you'll see a text box where you can enter text for Alexa to speak to the user.
You can type anything you like in here that you want Alexa to say.
Make Alexa speak in different voices
With the Speak block, you may use several different voices - categorized by accent region. When you drag in and click on a Speak block, you can type in the text you would like Alexa to say, and then choose the voice you would like to be used.
Multiple voices in one Speak block
Within one Speak block you can have Alexa say many things in different voices. Below, you can see we have Alexa say two sentences - each in a different voice by adding another section.
Using variables in the Speak block
You can use variables within your speak blocks to better personalize the skill experience, or convey dynamic information such as the answer to a calculation, or an API response.
To use a variable in the Speak block, press the right facing curly braces button { which will pop the drop-down list for available variables to use in your speak block.
You can use multiple variables in a single Speak block.
Have Alexa play audio files
Using the Speak block you can have Alexa play short audio files for the user. To do this, within the Speak block hit "add audio".
When you do this, you'll create a new section for an Audio file which will be played in order with your Speak block sequence, or at random if you have that option toggled.
Here, you can upload an audio file to be hosted on Voiceflow, or, you can link to a file you are hosting on your location. Files for the Speak block can only be up to 240 seconds, and will be played at a reduced sound quality due to Alexa technical restrictions.
Once you have added a file you will see the length of the file, and be able to preview the sound.
Make Alexa output random answers
You can have Alexa output a random 'section' from within your speak block. For example, if you were to have two different greetings, or two different sound effects, you can have Alexa choose a random one to play, rather than play all the sections in sequence as a normal Speak block does.
To do this, turn the option to 'Output random entry' to on.
When you do this, you'll see the numbers normally beside the Section number are replaced by a 'random' indicator.
Now, when this block is activated Alexa will randomly choose one of the sections within it.
Change the way Alexa speaks with SSML tags
To make Alexa speak differently, you may use SSML tags within you Speak block. SSML is a special format created to modify how voice assistants talk.
We have an in-depth tutorial on using SSML tags with Alexa here.
Still have questions? Message us using the blue chat bubble in the bottom right!
Did this answer your question? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Dimetcote
what is dimetiecote?
i wanna know 2607:FEA8:FDE0:7F79:D8ED:1E75:7B8B:76E7 (talk) 03:27, 24 September 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Dreaming 3 Times A Night
9 min read Jul 01, 2024
Dreaming 3 Times A Night
Why You Might Be Dreaming 3 Times a Night and What It Could Mean
It's a common experience: you drift off to sleep, only to wake up a few hours later, remembering a vivid dream. You fall back asleep, only to be roused once more by another dream. And then, just as you're settling in for a third time, another dream jolts you awake. This pattern of dreaming 3 times a night might leave you feeling tired and disoriented, prompting you to wonder if there's something more to it. While it's normal to experience multiple dreams in a night, dreaming 3 times a night could be a sign of something else entirely. Let's delve deeper into the reasons behind this phenomenon and what it might mean.
Understanding Sleep Cycles and Dreams
Before we explore the reasons for dreaming 3 times a night, it's essential to understand how sleep works and the role of dreams. We cycle through different stages of sleep throughout the night, each with its own characteristics.
REM Sleep and Dreaming:
• The most active stage of sleep is REM sleep (Rapid Eye Movement), where most vivid dreams occur.
• During REM sleep, our brains are highly active, mimicking a waking state.
• This is when our muscles become paralyzed, preventing us from acting out our dreams.
Sleep Cycles:
• A typical sleep cycle lasts around 90 minutes and consists of four stages:
• Stage 1: A light sleep, easily woken.
• Stage 2: A deeper sleep, heart rate and breathing slow down.
• Stage 3: Deep sleep, crucial for physical restoration.
• Stage 4: REM sleep, where we dream.
• As the night progresses, we spend less time in deep sleep and more time in REM sleep. This means we are more likely to experience dreams 3 times a night towards the morning.
Potential Reasons for Frequent Dreams
While it's normal to experience several dreams a night, dreaming 3 times a night could be a sign of the following:
1. Stress and Anxiety:
• When we are stressed or anxious, our minds are more active during sleep, leading to frequent awakenings and vivid dreams.
• These dreams may reflect our anxieties or unresolved issues, causing us to wake up feeling agitated or troubled.
2. Sleep Disorders:
• Certain sleep disorders, such as insomnia, can disrupt sleep cycles, leading to more frequent awakenings and dreams 3 times a night.
• These interruptions often happen during REM sleep, making dreams more vivid and memorable.
3. Medication and Substance Use:
• Some medications, like antidepressants or stimulants, can affect our sleep cycles and lead to more frequent dreams.
• Similarly, alcohol and drug use can disrupt sleep patterns, causing fragmented sleep and vivid dreams 3 times a night.
4. Life Changes and Transitions:
• Significant life changes, such as starting a new job, moving to a new city, or experiencing a loss, can create stress and affect our sleep quality.
• This can manifest as dreaming 3 times a night as our minds try to process these changes during sleep.
5. Environmental Factors:
• Noise, light, or uncomfortable temperatures can disrupt sleep, leading to awakenings and dreams 3 times a night.
• These factors can interfere with the natural sleep cycle, making it more difficult to get a full night's rest.
6. Diet and Exercise:
• Consuming caffeine or heavy meals close to bedtime can make it harder to fall asleep and stay asleep, increasing the likelihood of dreaming 3 times a night.
• Regular exercise is beneficial for sleep, but intense workouts before bed can make it challenging to settle down.
When to Seek Professional Help
If you're consistently dreaming 3 times a night and it's accompanied by other symptoms like:
• Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
• Feeling tired and groggy during the day
• Experiencing anxiety, depression, or other mood changes
• Waking up with nightmares or disturbing dreams
It's important to consult a healthcare professional. They can assess your symptoms, rule out any underlying medical conditions, and recommend appropriate treatment options.
Tips for Improving Sleep Quality
Improving sleep quality can help reduce the frequency and intensity of dreams, including dreaming 3 times a night. Here are some helpful tips:
• Establish a Regular Sleep Schedule: Go to bed and wake up around the same time each day, even on weekends.
• Create a Relaxing Bedtime Routine: Wind down an hour or two before bed by taking a warm bath, reading a book, or listening to calming music.
• Optimize Your Sleep Environment: Make sure your bedroom is dark, quiet, and cool.
• Limit Caffeine and Alcohol: Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the hours leading up to bedtime.
• Get Regular Exercise: Engage in regular physical activity, but avoid intense workouts close to bedtime.
• Avoid Heavy Meals Before Bed: Give your body time to digest before sleep.
• Consider a Sleep Study: If you suspect a sleep disorder, a sleep study can help diagnose the problem and recommend treatment.
Conclusion
While dreaming 3 times a night can be a normal part of sleep, it can also be a sign of stress, anxiety, or an underlying sleep disorder. Pay attention to your sleep patterns and consult a healthcare professional if you're concerned. By understanding the reasons behind frequent dreams and taking steps to improve sleep quality, you can enjoy a more restful and restorative night's sleep. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:April Fifth Movement
Merge
I propose Tiananmen Incident be merged into this article. Both are small enough articles and they basically refer to the same event. Any objections? - Hong Qi Gong (Talk - Contribs) 19:52, 14 September 2006 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:CisLunarFreighter
This is referred to a mud. Does this imply the game is to be text based? --Remi 21:27, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
* No, the game is intended to have graphics involved in the gameplay. It is possible that early prototypes of some game modules could be developed in text only. Mirwin 20:41, 27 February 2007 (UTC)
Cis?
What does CIS stand for?
* Based on Cislunar space, I'd say "the volume between geostationary orbit and the moon's orbit". --JWSchmidt 04:37, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
Blender Game Engine
This project can be built entirely using Blender3D features such as the Blender Game Engine, 3D modelling/rendering using Blender's internal rendering system, Blender physics/particle system, animation/sequence editor, and scripting engine using the Python language. I propose we begin considering the stages of this production as an interactive animation project.--Brylie Oxley (discuss • contribs) 21:50, 4 February 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt
Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt, also known as 57357 hospital after the hospital's widely published bank account number for donations, is a hospital in Cairo is a hospital specialising in children's cancer. With 320 beds, the building is the largest pediatric oncology hospital in the world.
Creation
Fundraising for the hospital, including well-attended benefit festivals, started in 1998, with a target date for opening of December 2003. It renamed itself to 57357 for a period after the bank account for donations and carried the name across the many festivals to remind people of how to donate.
The hospital eventually opened in 2007, The building only took up half the allocated plot of land, with the intention of future expansion. Each floor was themed with a different colour, for example, the basement floor was coloured aquamarine and themed with underwater discovery.
The project was funded entirely by donations, including through many small donations and with 90% of the total coming from within Egypt. It works on an "ability-to-pay" basis. One reason that the project was successful is that the Grand Mufti in Egypt had declared that the fundraising campaign would constitute a legitimate zakat.
Facilities
With 320 beds, the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt is the largest hospital in the world specialising in pediatric oncology. The hospital treats nearly half of all pediatric cancer cases in Egypt. Within the grounds there are playrooms, a library and a 90000 sqft park. | WIKI |
Page:The Green Bag (1889–1914), Volume 06.pdf/349
3i8
which gave to the said ministers of the King fees in some particular cases to be taken of the subject, " it is not credible what extortions and oppressions have thereupon ensued; whereas before, without any taking at all their office was done, now no office at all was done without taking, the officers being
the oppressions and extortions of gaolers, and feared that no remedy would be effec tual as long as they were suffered to buy and sell their places. He pointed out that swarms of miserable men, necessitous and withoutthe hope of redemption, after having suffered the penalty of the law for their crimes, were
A COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS INQUIRING INTO THE CRUELTIES INFLICTED IN THE FLEET PRISON, 1728. A/ler Hogartt*.
fettered with golden fees, as fetters to the suppression or subversion of justice." So, too, in the " Mirror of Justices," C. 5 Par. 1,n. 53, it is said : " It was an abuse that prisoners, or any of them, should pay any thing for their entrance into or coming out of gaol." Mr. Emlyn, in his interesting preface to the State Trials, written nearly fifty years before Howard's book, alluded to
obliged to undergo the severer punishment of perpetual imprisonment for the non-pay ment of fees, a debt forced upon them with out their consent, and often out of their power to discharge. " How much better," he suggested, " would it be for the public to allow the gaoler a reasonable salary instead of these perquisites, which arise from the miseries of the unfortunate, who are thereby | WIKI |
User:Botushali
I try to contribute to any Albanian articles I can by updating articles, adding sourced info or removing biased/unsourced/unreliable info.
Articles I have created:
Tribes
* Bulgëri
* Kryezezi
* Kushneni
* Manatia
* Mazreku (Epirus)
* Mërturi
* Oroshi (tribe)
* Plani (tribe)
* Rrjolli
* Sopa (tribe)
* Spaçi
* Suma (tribe)
* Vela (tribe)
Figures
* Jashar Salihu
* Kajo Babjeni
* Sulejman Aga Batusha
* Veli Bey of Tepelena
Villages
* Bardhasan
* Beci, Kosovo
* Botushë
* Moglik
* Zhabel
Regions
* Dushkaja
* Highlands of Gjakova
Events
* Bujan Conference
Albanian Bektashism
* Bektashism in Albania
* Teqe of Baba Ali
* Teqe of Bllaca
* Teqe of Bulqiza
Pages I have overhauled or made major contributions to:
Tribes or Groups
* Kabashi (tribe)
* Kastrati (tribe)
* Gashi (tribe)
* Nikaj
* Penestae (tribe)
* Kingdom of Dardania
* Morina (tribe)
* Albanians in North Macedonia
* Albanians in Serbia
* Bytyqi
* Albanians
* Kakarriqi
* Gropa family
Figures
* Ali Pasha of Ioannina
* Andrea II Muzaka
* Gjergj Fishta
* Azem Galica
* Tafil Buzi
* Sali Butka
* Spiro Bellkameni
* Irene Dushmani
* Veli Pasha
* Muhtar Pasha
* Dhimitër Jonima
* Kitsos Tzavelas
* Sefë Kosharja
* Mic Sokoli
* Idriz Seferi
Events
* Kachak Movement
* Battle of Oranik (1448)
* Battle of Torvioll
* Battle of Achelous (1359)
* Albanian revolts of 1833–1839
* Battle of Slivova
* Battle of Deçiq
* Battle of Novšiće
* Battle of Vajkal
Places
* Kosovo
* Kardhiq
* Gjakova
* Poum, Struga
* Epirus
* Skopska Crna Gora
* Polog
* Radolišta
* Balec
* Tekke of Frashër
* Bishtazhin
* Novo Brdo
* Golaj
* Peja
* Zym
* Prizren
* Pult
* Štip
* Struga
* Opolje
* Lubizhdë
* Junik
* Dujakë
* Piranë
* Leskovac
* Lipjan
* Gollak
* Drenica
* Istog
* Oktisi
* Kabash Mountain
* Margariti | WIKI |
Sphagnum Bog
sphagnum bog
[′sfag·nəm ′bäg]
(ecology)
A bog composed principally of mosses of the genus Sphagnum (Sphagnales) but also of other plants, especially acid-tolerant species, which tend to form peat.
Sphagnum Bog
a marsh generally located at the head of a lake and thickly covered with mosses of the genus Sphagnum, which form peat. Sphagnum bogs are often convex, because the sphagnum moss grows more abundantly in the center of the bog, where the mineral content of the water is lower. Sphagnum bogs predominate in temperate latitudes of the forest and forest-tundra zones.
References in periodicals archive ?
The recognition of these ecosystems studied in Argentinian territory is open to a similar interpretation, as Roig (1998) collected only two alliances for his syntaxonomical checklist for Patagonia: one Sphagnion magellanici for Sphagnum bog communities; and the other Donation fascicularis for cushion bog communities, although both syntaxonomical names were ultimately invalid, as we will explain below.
Swinehart conducted the first systematic, quantitative study of Tamarack Bog, as well as Hickory Bog (a tiny Sphagnum bog nestled within the crest of an esker).
This protective blanket of peat, which covers whole landscapes, has been largely generated by one of our smallest plants, sphagnum bog moss.
Sphagnum moss is the living moss that grows on top of a sphagnum bog.
The low nutrient status of Australian groundwater enables the development of Sphagnum bog vegetation and the raised watertable typical of an ombrotrophic system.
61) Fully in accord with the restorationist enthusiasms noted by Michael Hough, it recommended weeding competing non-bog species from remaining patches of sphagnum bog, raising the summer water table close to surface levels, and removing large hemlock trees.
The transition from brown moss-dominated fen to Sphagnum bog occurred at approximately 1140 radiocarbon ([C.
Camosun Bog Trail takes you on a short walk to the heart of a 2,000-year-old sphagnum bog, whose flora includes lodgepole pine, sundew, and cloudberry.
Ultima Esperanza: Fiordo Peel, rio al E al del cerro Aguilera, 50[degrees] 30'S, 73[degrees] 44'W, en turbales esfagnosos con Empetrum, 17-XII-1985, Pisano 6109 (HIP, RNG); Puerto Toro, Rio Serrano, 2 km from mouth, W side, 51[degrees] 24'S, 73[degrees] 05'W, 17-I-1977, Sphagnum bog, Moore & Pisano s.
Stratigraphy: Found at the interface between fen peat and Sphagnum bog peat, always associated with Calliergon trifarium but in lesser quantity.
Temporal scale and the accumulation of peat in a Sphagnum bog. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Richmond.
County of Norfolk v. City of Portsmouth. and Southern Railway Company v. City of Portsmouth.
March 13, 1919.
1. Municipal Corporations—Annexation of Territory—Power Exercised by Trial Court.—Under the Constitution' of 1902, section 126, and the general statute law enacted in pursuance thereof, the trial courts, in passing upon the questions relative to the annexation of territory to a municipal corporation, exercise a power formerly exercised by the legislature itself by the passing or refusing to pass special statutes for the enlargement of the limits of cities and towns. Hence the trial courts in. such cases exercise a constitutionally delegated power, which, although mainly judicial, and not without limits, is to some extent quasi legislative and political in its character.
2. Municipal Corporations—Annexation•—•Appeal and Error — Weight to be Given Judgment of Trial Court.—In annexation proceedings the trial courts having peculiar opportunities to ascertain the very right of the case, by a view of the locus in quo, and by the examination of witnesses in. the presence of the courts, their conclusions and decisions on matters of fact are not to be disturbed unless plainly wrong notwithstanding the provision of the statute that an appeal in such cases “shall be heard without reference to the principles of demurrer to evidence; the evidence to be considered as on appeal in chancery cases.” Code 1904, subsection 5, section 1014-a. And while the appellate court will not disregard any of the evidence or inferences which may properly be drawn therefrom, but will consider all of the evidence in the record, yet, in such court, a certain presumption of correctness will attend the decision by the court below of such questions of fact, which is greater than would adhere to it if based on testimony not delivered in the presence of the trial judge.
3. Appeal and EerOr—Presumption in Favor of Trial Court’s Decision.—When the testimony is heard by the judge ore tenus in a chancery case (as for example in a divorce case), his decision of questions of fact arising thereon is attended with a stronger presumption of their correctness than where the testimony is in the form of depositions.
4. Municipal Corporations—Annexation—Density of Population. —In the instant case, which involved the annexation of territory of Norfolk to the city of Portsmouth, making every due allowance for the abnormal congestion in population of the city of Portsmouth, due to Government operations in. the vicinity of the city, and for its decrease when conditions become stabilized, a preponderance of the evidence in the record showed that the normal population of Portsmouth, exclusive of the annexation in question, might reasonably be expected to be very dense as compared with the population of other cities in the State and much too dense for the welfare of the city.
5. Municipal Corporations—Annexation—Financial Ability of the City—Value of Ferry Franchise.—In annexation proceedings the county of Norfolk took the position that the city of Portsmouth would not be financially able to discharge both its obligations to the newly annexed territory and to the old city. The question turned principally upon the value of the interest of the city of Portsmouth in the Norfolk County Ferries, a one-half interest.
Held: That the value of this interest should not be based alone upon the present annual rental returns thereof, but its sale value, and its rental value after the termination of the existing lease, should be taken into consideration.
6. Municipal Corporations—Annexation of Territory—Streets.— Where in annexation proceedings a preponderance of evidence showed that the city officials having jurisdiction of street improvements were alert to the importance of such improvements, and the financial ability of the city having been, established, it must be assumed that all reasonable improvement of the streets in question will be made in a reasonable time.
7. Municipal Corporations—Annexation of Territory—Sewerage —Amendment of Order.—Where in annexation proceedings it appears from the evidence that there is just ground for reasonable apprehension that the construction of a necessary sewerage system in two wards of the old city might be postponed until after the sewer system was constructed in the newly annexed territory, the annexation order may be amended by the Supreme Court of Appeals, to the effect that plans for the sewerage of the annexed territory shall be a part of one sewerage system making a reasonable provision also for the sewerage of the two wards, and that the actual construction and installation of the system in the annexed territory shall not precede in time the completion of the construction and installation of the system for the wards.
8. Municipal Corporations—Annexation Proceedings—War. — It was objected to an order of annexation that the entry of any order of annexation was inexpedient at the time the order aforesaid' was entered, when “the country was at war, conditions were unsettled and abnormal and it was impossible to foresee what the situation would be at the end of the war;” and on appeal it was urged that any order of annexation was still inexpedient, notwithstanding the armistice, since conditions were yet far from normal.
Held: That the objection was fully met by a provision in the annexation ordinance that the city should not issue the bonds therein mentioned until after the next general assessment of land, which would not occur until 1920, and by the provisions contained in the order which postponed the execution of certain- provisions thereof until the expiration of the period of twenty months after the peace proclamation.
9. Municipal Coepoeations—Annexation of Territory—Benefits to Annexed District.—Where the evidence clearly showed conditions in the annexed territory with which a county government was inadequate, and was not expected under our laws to deal with, and which should be dealt with by municipal authority, the fact that an increased burden of taxation will eventually be placed upon the property owners of the annexed territory should not be allowed to bar the future welfare and progress of the whole community, including that contained in the older boundaries of the city as well as that within its newly enlarged boundaries.
10. Municipal Coepoeations—Annexation of Territory—Railroads and Industries.—While railroads and other industries, whose plants are embraced in part of the annexed territory, will not derive as great benefit from the annexation to the city as other property owners in other parts of the annexed territory, and the added burdens of taxation will be greater on them, yet the ultimate interests of such concerns cannot be severed from the community in which they are located, and they may be included, especially where such inclusion is necessary to form the annexed territory into “a reasonably compact body of land.”
11. Municipal Coepoeations—Annexation of Territory—Valuation of School Houses.—Acts 1904, p. 145, Code of 1904, section 1014-a, subsection 3, provides for compensation to any county for any school house or other public building of such county located within the annexed territory.
Held: That under this statute the valuation of school buildings on their original reasonable cost, less their depreciation due to age, was correct, and that a county was not entitled to a valuation. based upon the cost to rebuild the school houses at the time of the annexation order, less a proper percentage for depreciation.
12. Municipal Coepoeations—Annexation of Territory—Assumption of County Indebtedness.—Where a county’s indebtedness was a first lien upon a óne-half interest which the county owned in a ferry, and the rentals from the ferry were more than- sufficient to pay the interest on the indebtedness, it would be inequitable to hold that a portion of the county and its people when annexed to a city must carry with them a part of the burden of the indebtedness, when they cannot carry with them the benefit of any part of the security therefor in which they formerly had an interest. Therefore, under Code of 1904, section 1014-a, which provides that upon annexation a city shall assume a just proportion of the county’s existing indebtedness, a city is not required to assume a partion of the indebtedness so secured.
13. Municipal Coepoeations—Annexation—School Bonds. — Under Code of 1904, section 1014-a, subsection 3, the court did not err in annexation proceedings in requiring the city to assume school bonds and pay a sum in cash, the bonds and cash aggregating the total value of the school houses in the annexed territory.
14. Municipal Coepoeations—Annexation of Territory—Bridges.— The order of court in annexation proceedings required the city to pay the county one-half the cost of a bridge, one-half of which was included in the annexed territory.
Held: Error. Code of 1904, section 1014-a, subsection 3, does not contemplate compensation being made to the county for territory or improvements thereon.
15. Municipal Coepoeations—Annexation of Territory—Bridges.— Code of 1904, section 1014-a, in requiring that the municipality shall assume and provide for the reimbursement of the county, not only for a just proportion of any existing indebtedness, but “also for compensation for any school house or other public building of such county located within the annexed territory,” departs from the true principle that compensation should not be required from the city to the county for territory taken or improvements thereon in annexation proceedings; hence, the statute will be strictly construed, upon an application for compensation for improvements upon the annexed territories.
16. Moot Questions—Appeal and Erroi—Assignment of Error.— An assignment of error that raises merely a moot question need not be considered.
Appeal from a decree of the Circuit Court of Norfolk county in annexation proceedings. Decree for complainants. Defendants appeal.
Amended and affirmed.
The opinion states the case.
A. B. Carney, E. R. F. Wells, H. H. Rumbles and Williams, Tunstall & Thom, for the appellants.
Johui W. Happer and S. Heth Tyler, for the appellee.
Sims, J.,
delivered the opinion of the court.
The above entitled appeals involve proceedings in the court below in one case only, being appeals taken by the respective plaintiffs in error, the county of Norfolk and the Southern Railway Company, from the same order of court. The questions raised by the assignments of error upon the appeal of the former will be first considered and thereafter the questions so raised upon the latter appeal.
The Honorable P. H. Dillard, judge of the seventh judicial circuit, having been designated for that purpose in accordance with the statute in such case made and provided, held and presided over the trial court, and heard and determined the issues in this case, and it is the decree entered by him at the final hearing thereof which is before us for review on appeal.
Under the Constitution of 1902, section 126, and the general statute law enacted in pursuance thereof, Code 1904, section 1014-a, the trial courts in this class of cases, in passing upon the questions of what amount of territory, if any, due consideration of the interests of the State, the city, the county and the territory sought to be annexed, may require ; upon the questions of how such interests may be affected by the proposed annexation, in view of the size and crowded condition of such territory and of such city, or the contrary, and in view of the financial ability of the city, the health of the respective communities, their past growth, their needs in the reasonably near future for development and expansion, and upon other facts and circumstances shown in evidence in such a proceeding, exercise a power formerly exercised by the legislature itself by the passing or refusing to pass special statutes for the enlargement of the limits of cities and towns. Henrico County v. City of Richmond, 106 Va. 282, 55 S. E. 683, 117 Am. St. Rep. 1001. Hence the trial courts in such cases exercise a constitutionally delegated power, which, although mainly judicial, and not without limits, is to some extent quasi legislative and political in its character. See the case last cited and also Winchester, etc., Co. v. Commonwealth, 106 Va. 264, 55 S. E. 692. And the statute law on the subject having made special and eminently fair and just provisions for the constitution of the trial courts, and such courts having peculiar opportunities to ascertain the very right of the case, by a view of the locus in quo, and by the examination of witnesses in the presence of the court, their conclusions and decisions on matters of fact are not to be disturbed unless plainly wrong, notwithstanding the provision of the statute that an appeal in such cases shall be heard “without reference to the principles of demurrer to evidence; the evidence to be considered as on appeal in chancery cases.” Pollard’s Code, 1904, sub-sec. 5, sec. 1014-a. For, when the testimony is heard by the judge ore tenus in a chancery case (as for example in a divorce case), his decision of questions of fact arising thereon is attended with a stronger presumption of their correctness than where the testimony is in the form of depositions. And while the appellate court, under the statute last quoted, will not disregard any of the evidence or inferences which may properly be drawn therefrom,’but will consider all of the evidence in the record, yet, in such court, a certain presumption of correctness will attend the decision by the court below of such questions of fact, which is greater than would adhere to it if based on testimony not delivered in the presence of the trial judge.
It is from this standpoint that we approach the consideration of the facts of this case.
The assignments of error are few; but, as is to be expected in such a case, the testimony is voluminous and covers a multitude of details of facts and circumstances.
The assignments of error of the county of Norfolk are the following:
(A) . The court erred in annexing any portion of said territory, because the evidence shows that it was not necessary or expedient at this time to do so.
(B) . The court erred in adjusting the rights of the city of Portsmouth and the county of Norfolk, in that it failed to allow a proper valuation for the school property included in the annexed territory, and failed to require the city of Portsmouth to assume any portion of the bonded indebtedness of the county of Norfolk.”
There are also the following cross-assignments of error by the city of Portsmouth:
(G). That the court erred in requiring the city of Portsmouth to assume $95,000.00 of the school bonds which were a lien on the schoolhouse property in the annexed territory; and
(D) That the court erred in requiring the city of Portsmouth to pay the county of Norfolk $13,500.00, being one-half of the cost of the Port Norfolk and West Norfolk bridge.
The substantive law as to the considerations which should govern the trial court in annexation proceedings is so fully defined by the statutory provisions and in the decisions in Virginia on the subject that we do not feel that any general exposition of it here would serve any useful purpose. See Henrico County v. City of Richmond, 106 Va. 282, 55 S. E. 683, 117 Am. St. Rep. 1001; Alexandria v. Alexandria County, 117 Va. 230, 84 S. E. 630; Warwick County v. Newport News, 120 Va. 177, 90 S. E. 644.
There is, indeed, no conflict before us over what are the general considerations which should so govern. Any conflict which there may be as to the law as applicable to particular branches of the case will be considered below in this opinion.
Proceeding, therefore, to take up for decision the questions arising in the case—
1. We will consider the first assignment of error from the standpoint of the interest of the State, the city of Portsmouth, the annexed territory, and the county of Norfolk.
(a) . The record does not disclose that the State has any interest which is divergent from that of the city of Portsmouth and of the inhabitants and property owners thereof, or of the annexed territory and its inhabitants and property owners.
(b) . Concerning-the city of Portsmouth, and its inhabitants and property owners, exclusive of the annexed territory in question, the following outline of the material facts will be given:
The present area of the city of Portsmouth is only about 1687 acres, or about 3% square mlies. Its population by the United States Census of 1910 was 33,190, of which 5,329 were in the Sixth Ward and 5,699 were in the Seventh Ward, which were annexed to the city in 1909. It increased in population 90.5 per cent, during the preceding decade, according to such United States Census report, but about two-thirds of this increase was due to the annexation last mentioned of 1909, leaving such increase, for such decade in the old territory about 50%. The record does not disclose what its present population is. It does disclose that the latter was abnormally congested when the decree under review was entered, due to government operations in -the vicinity. But the government Navy Yard at Portsmouth is a permanent institution and an increase of population of Portsmouth beyond the normal may reasonably be expected to continue after normal conditions ensue following the formal proclamation of peace, which may be expected before very long to end the world war. Making every due allowance, therefore, for the abnormal congestion aforesaid and for its decrease when conditions become stabilized, it is deemed sufficient to say that a preponderance of the evidence in the record shows that the normal population of Portsmouth, exclusive of the annexation in question, may reasonably be expected to be very dense as compared with the population of other cities in the State and much too dense for the welfare of the city.
Owing to its proximity to the city of Norfolk and its physical surroundings on other sides, the city of Portsmouth can expand only in one direction, and any expansion would first embrace the territory which the city seeks to annex in the proceeding now before us.
With respect to the financial ability of the city to make proper provision for the future welfare of the area annexed by the order under review, there is not so much conflict in the evidence as in the opposing views taken of it by witnesses and counsel in the case. There is but little difference in the evidence as to what ;are the present financial resources of the city. There is a very great difference, however, in the views taken of such resources fofl the near future, and this difference consists chiefly in the valuations placed on the interest which the city of Portsmouth owns in the Norfolk County Ferries. That is an one-half interest in such ferries, which has been and is now under lease, yielding a rental return to the city of $67,000.00 per year. The position taken in behalf of the county of Norfolk, which is to the effect that the city of Portsmouth will not be financially able to discharge both its obligations to the newly annexed territory and its inhabitants and property owners, and to the inhabitants and property owners of the old city, especially to the Sixth and Seventh Wards thereof and their inhabitants and property owners, is reached by regarding such ferries as available as an asset of the city only to the extent of its present annual rental return aforesaid. It ignores entirely any further realizable value to the city of such asset. We are of opinion that this is plainly a mistaken yiew of the subject. It appears in-evidence that such asset is free from all bonded indebtedness of the city and that it could be sold without interfering with any of its municipal functions, and if sold, the preponderance of the evidence shows that it would sell for at least some two millions of dollars. Furthermore, the existing lease of such ferries' will expire next year, and the preponderance of the evidence is that it may reasonably be expected to be let for a net rental to the city thereafter of at least $120,000 per annum. Taking such valuations to be approximately correct, we entertain no doubt of the financial ability of the city of Portsmouth in the premises, without the necessity for any increase in its current tax rate. And the power to increase the tax rate, is of course an additional resource of the city. The present tax rate, however, is high and doubtless no increase thereof will be resorted to, except in an unexpected and temporary emergency.
Coming now to the subject of the duty of the city of Portsmouth with respect to improving the streets and constructing a sewer system, for the Sixth and Seventh Wards aforesaid, about which there is much testimony in the case.:
The storm center of the testimony against the annexation now in question from the standpoint of the future welfare of the city of Portsmouth and of the inhabitants of its older territory, and especially of those who live or own property in the said Sixth and Seventh Wards, converges around the problem whether the city will have the financial ability to discharge its obligations to the new area and its inhabitants and property owners, without rendering it unable to discharge its existing duty to make reasonable and much-needed improvements of its existing streets, especially in said wards, and to provide a long needed improvement of constructing a sewerage system in said wards. And these are the chief questions in the case concerning the welfare of the old city and its inhabitants and property owners.
On the subject of the streets, the preponderance of the evidence in the case tends to show that their bad condition may be due in part to the fault of contractors who constructed certain improvements thereof for which they may be held responsible, and that the enforcement of that responsibility may perhaps be depended upon to solve the most serious portion of the street problem aforesaid. And the preponderance of the evidence shows that the city officials now having jurisdiction of the street improvement matters are alert to the importance of such improvements, and the city having the financial ability to accomplish it, we must assume that all reasonable improvement of the streets in question will be made in a reasonable time, whether or not it shall turn out that the supposed liability of the contractors aforesaid can be enforced.
On the subject of providing a sewerage system for the Sixth and Seventh Wards, however, there is more difficulty. The evidence is uncontradicted that the city has never even taken up for consideration when it will supply these wards with a sewerage system. Those wards are at present absolutely without any sewerage system, and the evidence shows that the sanitary conditions due to that want are much worse than exist in the annexed territory, where there are some private sewers, and where the dry closets are more efficiently .attended to by the county authorities than are those in such wards under the city management. It is true that the evidence shows that a general sewerage system, to serve both the newly annexed territory and the Sixth and Seventh Wards can be more efficiently and practically planned and more economically executed, if it is all done at once and as parts of one system. But, without going further into details, we are constrained by the evidence to say that we feel that as the order under review stands, the inhabitants and property owners of the old city are left with just grounds for reasonable apprehension that the more pressing need for the construction of a sewerage system in the said wards may be postponed until after the sewer system is constructed in the newly annexed territory. This apprehension may be removed, however, by an amendment by us of the provisions of said order which we are of opinion should be made, to the effect that the plans for the sewerage of the annexed territory shall be a part of one sewerage system making reasonable provision also for the sewerage of said wards, and that the actual construction and installation of said system in said annexed territory shall not precede in time the completion of the construction and installation of said system for said wards. The following position on this subject is taken, indeed, in argument for the city, as quoted from its reply brief in the case: “An inspection of the maps will show that it is but reasonable to suppose that after the next assessment of land, when the city of Portsmouth obligates itself and is obligated to furnish sewerage to the territory annexed under this order, it will install a comprehensive system of sewerage, including the Sixth and Seventh Wards. * *” The amendment of the order of court which will be made, as just stated, will, therefore, but put into effect the existing purpose of the city on the subject as .urged for it in argument.
Only one further objection to the annexation from the standpoint of the interest of the city is deemed material to be specifically mentioned and passed upon. Such objection has been much pressed in the petition of and in .argument for the county of Norfolk, and that is that the entry of any order of annexation was inexpedient at the time the order aforesaid was entered, when “the country was at war, conditions were unsettled and abnormal and it was impossible to foresee what the situation would be at the end of the war;” and, as is now urged in argument, any order of annexation is still inexpedient, only in perhaps a less degree, notwithstanding the armistice, since conditions are yet far from normal. But we are of opinion that it may reasonably be expected that normal conditions will be restored within twenty months after the proclamation of peace, and, hence, we think that the objection under consideration is fully met by the provision in the annexation ordinance that the city shall not issue the bonds therein mentioned until after the next general assessment of land, which will not occur until 1920, and by the provisions contained in the order which postpone the execution of certain provisions thereof until the expiration of the period of twenty months after the peace proclamation.
We are of opinion, therefore, that, with the said order amended as aforesaid, the annexation will be manifestly for the best interest of the whole of the old city of Portsmouth and its inhabitants and property owners.
We come now to consider the annexation from the standpoint of the interest of the annexed territory, which includes, of course, the interest of its inhabitants, property owners, railroad and other industries.
The opposing testimony and evidence in the record is directed against the annexation of the very large territory sought to be annexed by the ordinance. The order of court aforesaid annexed something less than one-half of the territory sought to be annexed by the city.
The territory in fact annexed by the order of court is for the most part laid out into building lots for residential purposes, and contains a population of some 10,000 people—sufficient under our laws for it to obtain a charter as a city. It is practically without any fire protection, except that which the. railroads and certain other large industries provide for .themselves. It has some sewers, but those have been constructed without system and are grossly .inadequate, A large part of its population has been forced for many years to go five miles to traverse a distance of only about one and a half miles to reach a much used ferry, on account of having no bridge across Scott’s creek. There are many other circumstances appearing in evidence which tend to show conditions in the annexed territory with which a county government is inadequate, and is not expected under our laws, to deal, and which should be dealt with by municipal authority. (Henrico County v. City of Richmond, supra, 106 Va. 282, 55 S. E. 683, 117 Am. St. Rep. 1001), but it is not thought that any useful purpose would be served by mentioning them here in further detail.
The annexed territory, aside from that occupied by railroad and other industries which will be presently more particularly mentioned, will be benefited by the annexation, in the following especial ways, which may be mentioned: All of the revenue from taxation therein must be expended therein for the period and for the purposes prescribed by statute and by the order of court aforesaid. It will receive city fire protection and consequent reduction of fire insurance rates, which will aggregate a large pecuniary saving to the property owners thereof. It will be provided with a sewerage system. It will have a bridge provided across Scott’s creek, which will be a great public convenience to a large part of its population and one long needed. And it will be placed in a position to obtain many other needed public improvements and advantages which in the nature of things a county government is unsuited to provide, .and which may reasonably be expected from municipal government.
On the other hand it may be expected that an increased burden of taxation will eventually be placed upon the property owners of the annexed territory; but this is inseparable from the attainment of increased public benefits and advantages; and should not be allowed to bar the future welfare and progress toward a more advanced and higher stage of civilization of the whole community, including that contained in the older boundaries of the city as well as that within its newly enlarged boundaries.
Indeed, the population of the annexed territory above mentioned has been but an overgrowth of the old city. As is said in the opinion of this court in Alexandria v. Alexandria County, supra, 117 Va., at p. 241, 84 S. E., at p. 633, of the people of such a suburban community: “The people market, shop and transact their business in the city * * * and many of them are employed in the city. They attend the churches, places of amusement, participate in the social life of the city, and are, practically, as closely connected With city life as are the people residing within the city’s boundaries. They use its streets, * * * being without * * * fire protection * * * the fire department of the city (has) always responded to calls for assistance from these outlying sections. In other words, the people in these localities enjoy in a large degree many of the benefits of the city without having to bear any of its burdens * * *” Having due regard, therefore, for the mutual rights affected, we are clearly of opinion that the expected future imposition of the added burdens, which are inseparable from and are incident to an annexation in such a case, does not afford an adequate reason why the annexation should not be had.
With respect to the railroad and other industries whose plants are embraced in the annexed territory, the following should be said: It is true that these concerns city as will other incorporated and individual property will not derive as great benefit from annexation to the owners in other parts of the annexed territory; and the added burdens of taxation when the city government goes fully into effect will be much greater on the former than the latter. Yet the ultimate best interests of such concerns cannot be severed from that of the community in which they are located. What will best promote the future welfare of the latter is, when all things are considered, for the best interest of such industries ¡also. Moreover, we are of opinion that the inclusion of the land occupied by the industries in question was necessary to form the annexed territory into “a reasonably compact body of land,” as the statute in such case requires.
It remains for us to consider the interest of the county of Norfolk as opposed to the annexation in question. On this subject nothing is interposed by the assignments of error of the county as standing in the way of the annexation. And the complaints made by its other assignments of error go, not to the necessity or expediency of the annexation, but only to pertain details of the terms of the order aforesaid. These assignment's of error will be presently considered.
Our conclusion at this point, therefore, is that, subject to the amendment of the order under review which we will make in our order in the case, as above indicated, there was no error in the action of the court below in annexing the territory it did as aforesaid to the city of Portsmouth.
The second assignment of error of the county of Norfolk embraces two questions. We shall consider them in their order as stated below.
2. Did the court below err in that it failed to allow a proper valuation for the school houses included in the annexed territory?
The brief for the county of Norfolk and oral argument in its behalf raise no question as to the valuation of the school property, except with respect to the school houses in question. Nor is there any cross assignment of error on the part of the city of Portsmouth touching the allowance of compensation to the county for the school house lots. We must, therefore, confine our consideration of the first question raised by the second or “(B)” assignment of error of the county, quoted in the outset of this opinion, to the valuation of the school houses included in the annexed territory.
The court below proceeded in this matter upon the following principle:
The court based its valuation of the buildings on their original reasonable cost, less their depreciation due to age and use; and it adopted two and one-half per cent, of the cost price of the buildings as the annual depreciation.
The county especially objects to such a principle being adopted by the court as the basis of the valuation of the buildings; and contends that the court should have allowed the amount for the buildings which it would have cost to rebuild them anew at the time of the court’s order, less a proper percentage for depreciation.
The statute on this subject is as follows: “In every case of annexation such city or town shall assume and provide for the reimbursement of the county or counties of such just proportion of any existing debt of such county or counties as may be determined in said proceeding, and also for compensation to any county for any school house or other public building of such county located within the annexed territory, which shall not be reserved in the proceeding in the county.” Acts 1904, p. 145, 1 Pollard’s Code, 1904, sec. 1014-a, subsection 3.
It will be observed that the statute does not use the word •“value,” but merely requires the municipality to provide “for compensation” to the county for any school house, etc. We are of opinion that the true intent and meaning of the statute is, not that the county shall sustain a loss or reap a profit by any depreciation or enhancement of what would be the cost of reconstruction of the buildings; but that the county shall be repaid the original reasonable cost thereof, less a fair deduction for depreciation.
We are, therefore, of opinion that there was no error in the action of the court in adopting the principle it did in arriving at the valuation it made of the buildings in question.
The county also objects to the figures of valuation of the buildings fixed by the court. There is not much, but some, conflict of evidence on that subject. We deem it sufficient to say that we are of opinion that the preponderance of the evidence sustains the figures adopted by the court.
The following is the other question embraced in the second, or “(B)” assignment of error of the county of Norfolk :
3. Did the court below err in that it failed to require the city of Portsmouth to assume any proportion of the bonded indebtedness of the county of Norfolk, other than the school bonds hereinafter mentioned?
The county indebtedness in question, outstanding at the time of the order of annexation, amounted approximately to $374,710. It is secured by first lien on the county’s one-half interest in the Norfolk County Ferries, above mentioned. The annexation takes over the territory embraced therein, and relieves the county from all future outlay on account thereof, but the county will still continue to receive its one-half of the rental return from said ferries, and will continue to own its whole one-half interest in such ferries, subject to said lien thereon, which will constitute an asset far more than sufficient to pay the accruing interest and principal of said indebtedness, and the county will have a large balance remaining with which to help in bearing any burden of fixation resting on the remaining territory and people of the county, so that no burden of taxation is left on the people of the remainder of the county on account of such indebtedness. On the other hand, the burden of future taxation, inseparable from the annexed territory, aceom° pañíes it and its people into the municipality, and yet no part of the equitable share of such territory and its people in the county’s share of said ferries passes to the municipality with the annexed territory or its people. That is to say, the bonded indebtedness aforesaid is secured on an asset in which all the people of the whole county of Norfolk, as it stood prior to the annexation, had a common equitable interest; and we are of opinion that it would be inequitable to hold that that portion of the county and its people embraced in the annexation aforesaid must carry with them a part of the burden of such indebtedness, when they cannot carry with them the benefit of any part of the security therefor in which they formerly had an interest.
Such being the situation, the position taken by the county of Norfolk on this point is plainly inequitable and cannot be maintained, unless the statute aforesaid (1 Pollard’s Code, 1904, sec. 1014-a, subsection 8) sustains it.
The language of the statute on such point above quoted, so far as material, is as follows: “In every case of annexation such city * * * shall assume and provide for the reimbursement of the county * * * of such just proportion of any existing indebtedness of such county as may be determined in said proceeding * * *” We are of opinion that the statute does not require the assumption by the municipality of some proportion “of any existing indebtedness” mentioned, but only of such proportion thereof as may be “just,” if any.
We are, therefore, of opinion that there was no error in the holding of the court below complained of on this point.
We will now consider the cross-assignments of error of the city of Portsmouth above mentioned, which may be again stated and will be passed upon in their order as set forth below.
4. Did the court err in requiring the city of Portsmouth to assume the $95,000 of school bonds, which were an existing lien on the school house property in the annexed territory?
This question must be answered in the negative.
It is urged in the brief for the city of Portsmouth that the order of court under review “required the city to pay for these school houses just as though they were free from lien.” In this position such brief is in error. The order requires only that the. “city of Portsmouth shall pay to the county of Norfolk the sum of $241.50 in cash when this order takes effect, and shall assume $95,000 of the bonds * * * now outstanding, and shall pay the interest thereon until maturity, as compensation for the said school houses and seven lots located within said annexed territory * * *” The $241.50 and the $95,000 of said bonds aggregate $95.-241.50, the total value of said school houses and lots as such value was ascertained and fixed by the court below.
No complaint is made by the city of Portsmouth of its having been required to pay the $241.50 as compensation for the said lots. Hence we cannot decree on that question.
It is a coneessum in the case that the school bonds in question constituted a debt of the county within the meaning of the statute next below quoted.
The requirement aforesaid of the assumption by the city of Portsmouth of said $95,000 of existing indebtedness falls within the requirements of the aforesaid statute (1 Pollard’s Code, 1904, sec. 1014-a, subsection 3), that “In every case of annexation such city * * * shall assume * * * such just proportion of any existing debt of such county as may be determined in such proceeding * * unless, indeed, the equitable interest of the annexed territory and its people in the Norfolk County Ferries aforesaid made it inequitable and unjust that this should be done.
On the latter question it must be borne in mind that these school bonds are not a lien on the said ferries; whereas the other indebtedness of the county of Norfolk above mentioned is a lien thereon. Hence, the principle upon which the conclusion was above reached, that the city of Portsmouth cannot under the statute last mentioned be required to assume any part of the indebtedness of the county of Norfolk aforesaid which is a lien on such ferries, can have no application to said $95,000 of school bond indebtedness so as to remove it from under the requirements of such statute. That being so, the statute is applicable to such school bond indebtedness and requires the city of Portsmouth to assume the same as the said order of court provides.
5. Did the court err in requiring the city of Portsmouth to pay the county of Norfolk $13,500, being one-half the cost of the Port Norfolk and West Norfolk bridge?
One-half of the bridge in question was included in the annexed territory.
The position taken for the city on this subject is that the statute (1 Pollard’s Code, 1904, sec. 1014-a, subsection 3) does not contemplate compensation being made to the county for territory, and that it is only because of the express provisions of the statute requiring that compensation shall be provided for to the county “for any school house or other public building,” that any compensation for territory or improvements thereon can be required.
We are of opinion that such position is well taken. On principle, annexation proceedings cannot be regarded as transactions of purchase and sale between private parties. They in truth involve merely a change of form of government of the territory affected from that of a county to that of a town or city. The county, town or city are all alike mere political sub-divisions of but one and the same government, that of the State. Whatsoever has been done by the county government in the past and paid for, in the way of public improvements in the territory in question, has been done, as .a general rule, by the people and property owners of such territory by their contributions of taxes, and if not, to the extent that such improvements have exceeded such contributions, their construction has been justified upon the consideration that their creation was for the general welfare of the whole of those upon whom the burden was placed of bearing the expense of such construction. So far as paid for, therefore, the corpus of such improvements constitutes no existing burden. The debit and credit side of the account of their construction is closed. They pass, it is true, with the territory covered by an annexation into the jurisdiction of and under a new form of government. But the new government is still a government of the same territory and of the same people and over the property therein. To require the new government to pay for the public property in the territory it receives would be the same thing in effect as to require such government to make again the same outlay which has been already made; which, of course, would have to be met in future by taxation; and. which taxation, in part, at least, would fall upon the former people and property owners of the annexed territory, and to that extent would result in compelling them to pay twice for the same public improvements, or to pay for what the general welfare never required that they should pay.
With respect to existing indebtedness for the improvements mentionedriñdeed, the principle is different. The ' inhabitants and property owners of the annexed territory have never made that outlay. When they pass under the new form of government, it is but just that they should carry that indebtedness with them. But it is not just to them that they should be made to carry a greater burden than that with them.
From the foregoing considerations it will be observed that the statute under consideration, in requiring that the municipality shall assume and provide for the reimbursement of the county, not only for a just proportion of any existing indebtedness, but “also for compensation for any school house or other public building of such county located within the annexed territory,” etc., in truth departs from the true principle involved; and, hence, the statute will be strictly construed, upon an application for compensation for improvements upon the annexed territories, and the courts should not compel compensation such as that under consideration, which is beyond the requirements of the terms of the statute, whenever objection is properly made thereto.
Such was the view of the law, in principle, taken at circuit in the case of Richmond v. Henrico and Chesterfield, 20 Va. Law Reg. 268, at p. 272, where the learned judge who therein presided (Judge A. A. Campbell, of the twenty-first judicial circuit), said: “* * * the policy of the act does not seem to contemplate compensation for territory to the county.” The precise point we have under consideration was not involved, however, and was not decided in that case.
The order under review will, therefore, be amended so as to omit any allowance of the item in question.
We have now to consider the assignments of error of the Southern Railway Company in its appeal in this case.
All the questions raised by the assignments of error of the Southern Railway Company have been disposed of by what has been said above, except that raised by the following assignment, namely:
6. That the failure to include the Southern Railway Company along with the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company and the two other railroad companies mentioned in the clause of the order of annexation under the heading “Terms and Conditions,” subsection E, which provides that the city of Portsmouth will take no steps to increase the assessment of any of the property of the railroads mentioned until the expiration of a period of twenty months after peace has been declared, and which also provides that the city shall not seek to have established any additional crossings or crossing safe-guards, other than those now established, until the expiration of that period, was an unwarranted and unjustifiable discrimination against the Southern Railway Company.
Of this assignment of error we deem it sufficient to say, first, that it raises merely a moot question, as it does not appear that any action such as is referred to has been in fact taken by the city; and, secondly, it has been “developed in the argument before us that no unfair discrimination against the Southern Railway Company was intended by the omission of the name of such company from such clause of the order, and counsel for the city in argument at the bar of this court having stated that there is no objection on the part of the city to the insertion of the name of the Southern Railway Company in such clause by the order which will be entered by this court, this will be accordingly done.
7. It having been suggested in argument before us that some confusion may arise with regard to what fiscal year is meant by clause “C” of the “Terms and Conditions” of the order of the court below, because of the pendency of the appeal in this case and the supersedeas awarded upon the allowance of such appeal, it will be ordered that the fiscal year mentioned in said order is the year for which the levies therein mentioned were imposed in 1918, and that all county levies which were imposed in the year 1918 by the county of Norfolk on persons and property within the annexed territory shall be paid to the county of Norfolk.
Upon the whole case, we are of opinion to amend the order of the court below in the four particulars above mentioned, and, subject to.such amendments, to affirm such order, with costs to the city of Portsmouth, as the party substantially prevailing.
Amended and affirmed. | CASELAW |
CaltechTHESIS
A Caltech Library Service
Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Micro-inclusions in Diamonds
Citation
Navon, Oded (1989) Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Micro-inclusions in Diamonds. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/A88J-S465. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10232013-113130725
Abstract
Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), electron probe analysis (EPMA), analytical scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy were used to determine the chemical composition and the mineralogy of sub-micrometer inclusions in cubic diamonds and in overgrowths (coats) on octahedral diamonds from Zaire, Botswana, and some unknown localities.
The inclusions are sub-micrometer in size. The typical diameter encountered during transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination was 0.1-0.5 µm. The micro-inclusions are sub-rounded and their shape is crystallographically controlled by the diamond. Normally they are not associated with cracks or dislocations and appear to be well isolated within the diamond matrix. The number density of inclusions is highly variable on any scale and may reach 10^(11) inclusions/cm^3 in the most densely populated zones. The total concentration of metal oxides in the diamonds varies between 20 and 1270 ppm (by weight).
SIMS analysis yields the average composition of about 100 inclusions contained in the sputtered volume. Comparison of analyses of different volumes of an individual diamond show roughly uniform composition (typically ±10% relative). The variation among the average compositions of different diamonds is somewhat greater (typically ±30%). Nevertheless, all diamonds exhibit similar characteristics, being rich in water, carbonate, SiO_2, and K_2O, and depleted in MgO. The composition of micro-inclusions in most diamonds vary within the following ranges: SiO_2, 30-53%; K_2O, 12-30%; CaO, 8-19%; FeO, 6-11%; Al_2O_3, 3-6%; MgO, 2-6%; TiO_2, 2-4%; Na_2O, 1-5%; P_2O_5, 1-4%; and Cl, 1-3%. In addition, BaO, 1-4%; SrO, 0.7-1.5%; La_2O_3, 0.1-0.3%; Ce_2O_3, 0.3-0.5%; smaller amounts of other rare-earth elements (REE), as well as Mn, Th, and U were also detected by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Mg/(Fe+Mg), 0.40-0.62 is low compared with other mantle derived phases; K/ AI ratios of 2-7 are very high, and the chondrite-normalized Ce/Eu ratios of 10-21 are also high, indicating extremely fractionated REE patterns.
SEM analyses indicate that individual inclusions within a single diamond are roughly of similar composition. The average composition of individual inclusions as measured with the SEM is similar to that measured by SIMS. Compositional variations revealed by the SEM are larger than those detected by SIMS and indicate a small variability in the composition of individual inclusions. No compositions of individual inclusions were determined that might correspond to mono-mineralic inclusions.
IR spectra of inclusion- bearing zones exhibit characteristic absorption due to: (1) pure diamonds, (2) nitrogen and hydrogen in the diamond matrix; and (3) mineral phases in the micro-inclusions. Nitrogen concentrations of 500-1100 ppm, typical of the micro-inclusion-bearing zones, are higher than the average nitrogen content of diamonds. Only type IaA centers were detected by IR. A yellow coloration may indicate small concentration of type IB centers.
The absorption due to the micro-inclusions in all diamonds produces similar spectra and indicates the presence of hydrated sheet silicates (most likely, Fe-rich clay minerals), carbonates (most likely calcite), and apatite. Small quantities of molecular CO_2 are also present in most diamonds. Water is probably associated with the silicates but the possibility of its presence as a fluid phase cannot be excluded. Characteristic lines of olivine, pyroxene and garnet were not detected and these phases cannot be significant components of the inclusions. Preliminary quantification of the IR data suggests that water and carbonate account for, on average, 20-40 wt% of the micro-inclusions.
The composition and mineralogy of the micro-inclusions are completely different from those of the more common, larger inclusions of the peridotitic or eclogitic assemblages. Their bulk composition resembles that of potassic magmas, such as kimberlites and lamproites, but is enriched in H_2O, CO_3, K_2O, and incompatible elements, and depleted in MgO.
It is suggested that the composition of the micro-inclusions represents a volatile-rich fluid or a melt trapped by the diamond during its growth. The high content of K, Na, P, and incompatible elements suggests that the trapped material found in the micro-inclusions may represent an effective metasomatizing agent. It may also be possible that fluids of similar composition are responsible for the extreme enrichment of incompatible elements documented in garnet and pyroxene inclusions in diamonds.
The origin of the fluid trapped in the micro-inclusions is still uncertain. It may have been formed by incipient melting of a highly metasomatized mantle rocks. More likely, it is the result of fractional crystallization of a potassic parental magma at depth. In either case, the micro-inclusions document the presence of highly potassic fluids or melts at depths corresponding to the diamond stability field in the upper mantle. The phases presently identified in the inclusions are believed to be the result of closed system reactions at lower pressures.
Item Type:Thesis (Dissertation (Ph.D.))
Subject Keywords:Geology
Degree Grantor:California Institute of Technology
Division:Geological and Planetary Sciences
Major Option:Geology
Thesis Availability:Public (worldwide access)
Research Advisor(s):
• Wasserburg, Gerald J. (advisor)
• Stolper, Edward M. (advisor)
Thesis Committee:
• Unknown, Unknown
Defense Date:4 January 1989
Non-Caltech Author Email:oded.navon (AT) mail.huji.ac.il
Record Number:CaltechTHESIS:10232013-113130725
Persistent URL:https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10232013-113130725
DOI:10.7907/A88J-S465
Default Usage Policy:No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.
ID Code:8006
Collection:CaltechTHESIS
Deposited By: Benjamin Perez
Deposited On:23 Oct 2013 20:43
Last Modified:20 Dec 2019 19:56
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OpenCV 4.1.0
Open Source Computer Vision
samples/dnn/classification.cpp
Check the corresponding tutorial for more details
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <opencv2/dnn.hpp>
#include "common.hpp"
std::string keys =
"{ help h | | Print help message. }"
"{ @alias | | An alias name of model to extract preprocessing parameters from models.yml file. }"
"{ zoo | models.yml | An optional path to file with preprocessing parameters }"
"{ input i | | Path to input image or video file. Skip this argument to capture frames from a camera.}"
"{ framework f | | Optional name of an origin framework of the model. Detect it automatically if it does not set. }"
"{ classes | | Optional path to a text file with names of classes. }"
"{ backend | 0 | Choose one of computation backends: "
"0: automatically (by default), "
"1: Halide language (http://halide-lang.org/), "
"2: Intel's Deep Learning Inference Engine (https://software.intel.com/openvino-toolkit), "
"3: OpenCV implementation }"
"{ target | 0 | Choose one of target computation devices: "
"0: CPU target (by default), "
"1: OpenCL, "
"2: OpenCL fp16 (half-float precision), "
"3: VPU }";
using namespace cv;
using namespace dnn;
std::vector<std::string> classes;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
CommandLineParser parser(argc, argv, keys);
const std::string modelName = parser.get<String>("@alias");
const std::string zooFile = parser.get<String>("zoo");
keys += genPreprocArguments(modelName, zooFile);
parser = CommandLineParser(argc, argv, keys);
parser.about("Use this script to run classification deep learning networks using OpenCV.");
if (argc == 1 || parser.has("help"))
{
parser.printMessage();
return 0;
}
float scale = parser.get<float>("scale");
Scalar mean = parser.get<Scalar>("mean");
bool swapRB = parser.get<bool>("rgb");
int inpWidth = parser.get<int>("width");
int inpHeight = parser.get<int>("height");
String model = findFile(parser.get<String>("model"));
String config = findFile(parser.get<String>("config"));
String framework = parser.get<String>("framework");
int backendId = parser.get<int>("backend");
int targetId = parser.get<int>("target");
// Open file with classes names.
if (parser.has("classes"))
{
std::string file = parser.get<String>("classes");
std::ifstream ifs(file.c_str());
if (!ifs.is_open())
CV_Error(Error::StsError, "File " + file + " not found");
std::string line;
while (std::getline(ifs, line))
{
classes.push_back(line);
}
}
if (!parser.check())
{
parser.printErrors();
return 1;
}
CV_Assert(!model.empty());
Net net = readNet(model, config, framework);
net.setPreferableBackend(backendId);
net.setPreferableTarget(targetId);
// Create a window
static const std::string kWinName = "Deep learning image classification in OpenCV";
if (parser.has("input"))
cap.open(parser.get<String>("input"));
else
cap.open(0);
// Process frames.
Mat frame, blob;
while (waitKey(1) < 0)
{
cap >> frame;
if (frame.empty())
{
break;
}
blobFromImage(frame, blob, scale, Size(inpWidth, inpHeight), mean, swapRB, false);
net.setInput(blob);
Mat prob = net.forward();
Point classIdPoint;
double confidence;
minMaxLoc(prob.reshape(1, 1), 0, &confidence, 0, &classIdPoint);
int classId = classIdPoint.x;
// Put efficiency information.
std::vector<double> layersTimes;
double freq = getTickFrequency() / 1000;
double t = net.getPerfProfile(layersTimes) / freq;
std::string label = format("Inference time: %.2f ms", t);
putText(frame, label, Point(0, 15), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, Scalar(0, 255, 0));
// Print predicted class.
label = format("%s: %.4f", (classes.empty() ? format("Class #%d", classId).c_str() :
classes[classId].c_str()),
confidence);
putText(frame, label, Point(0, 40), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, Scalar(0, 255, 0));
imshow(kWinName, frame);
}
return 0;
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Australian Magpie
Cracticus tibicen
Australian Magpies belong to the Corvidae family which also include Butcherbirds and Currawongs. They are widely considered to be intelligent creatures. They are found wherever there is a combination of trees and adjacent open areas, including parks and playing fields. They are absent only from the densest forests and arid deserts
Breeding
Breeding takes place from June till December. The nests are constructed in the outer branches of a tree, up to 15 m above the ground and made of sticks and stems, and sadly in suburbia often with bits of plastic, string or wire, lined with grass and hair.
The eggs take about 20 days to hatch, and the young will spend approximately 4 weeks in the nest before they leave. The nest is the most dangerous place for a juvenile bird, as predators can easily find them, so the parent birds will encourage the young to leave as soon as possible. They will leave the nest before being able to fly; they will flutter from bush to bush being fed by the parents. You will usually hear them being very noisy at this particular time of the year, as they beg for food from exhausted parents. They will reuse the nest year after year doing repair work every new season.
Magpies are great visitors to your garden; they forage on the ground, turning over loose material, as they search for a range of insects, worms, spiders, lizards, mice and seeds. A favourite food is the scarab beetle which does so much damage to lawns, so please consider if you spray for insects, you may inadvertently poison your natural pest control being birds like Magpies.
Swooping Magpies
For a few weeks each year during breeding season, nesting Magpies defend their territory to protect their young.
They beat their wings, clack their beaks, swoop upon perceived intruders. This aggressive defence of territory only lasts for the time when eggs and young are in the nest. For this reason swooping birds should never be removed from the area as; eggs will fail to hatch or the young will die of starvation and exposure without their parents, if the territory is vacated other magpies from less suitable areas will claim it and build a new nest of their own and if only the nest is removed, the birds will build another one in the same area. To protect people for the short breeding season please;
Try to avoid the area where the magpies are swooping and make a temporary sign to inform other people.
Wear a hat while in the area or carry an open umbrella, which is the best protection.
Do not stop if you are swooped upon. You are still in the magpie’s territory so they will keep swooping.
Where possible travel in a group as most birds only swoop individuals.
Cyclists should dismount and walk through the area.
Walk quickly until you are out of the area and remember their behaviour will stop as soon as their chicks are safely out of the nest.
Do not be tempted to feed wild birds, the natural balance is easily upset, instead place a bird bath in your garden, and remember to change the water regularly to minimise the chance if decease. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Spotify's Release Radar is a personalized playlist of brand-new music
Over the last year the tech product that has brought the most joy into my life has undoubtedly been Discover Weekly, Spotify's playlist of tracks personalized for my taste. Today the company is rolling out another feature along the same lines: Release Radar gives you a weekly playlist of songs culled from new albums. Discover Weekly will kick things off each Monday, and Radar will take you into the weekend with a Friday release. It's actually a much more challenging task to get right, because unlike the tracks from Discover Weekly, there isn't a lot of good data available on brand-new music. "When a new album drops, we don’t really have much information about it yet, so we don’t have any streaming data or playlisting data, and those are pretty much the two major components that make Discover Weekly work so well," says Edward Newett, the engineering manager at Spotify in charge of Release Radar. "So some of the innovation happening now for the product is around audio research. We have an audio research team in New York that’s been experimenting with a lot of the newer deep learning techniques where we’re not looking at playlisting and collaborative filtering of users, but instead we’re looking at the actual audio itself." Release Radar takes stock of your entire listening history Discover Weekly focuses on a window of the last six months or so to decipher your taste and make suggestions. Release Radar can't replicate that approach, because your favorite band may not release an album more than once every two years. Instead it takes stock of your entire listening history, then narrows the range of possible suggestions down to tracks that have been released in the last two to three weeks. Release Radar is trying to do more than just highlight new music from acts it knows you like. But suggesting new bands can be hard, because brand-new music often hasn't been categorized yet. "How are we sure in fact that this is Covenant the Swedish pop band and not Covenant the Norwegian black metal band?" asks Newett. In the past, if two artists had the same name and were injected into the same catalog, Spotify needed users to go through and annotate it manually. Luckily, deep learning algorithms are now capable of doing this kind of assessment quickly at massive scale. In a way, this technique brings curation back full-circle to the approach Pandora began employing over a decade ago, when it hired musicologists to listen to tracks and assign them certain characteristics. "I think it’s a little bit like what Pandora was doing," says Newett. "I think we’re more on the cutting edge of what’s this new deep learning is trying to tackle. It would basically be automated ways of figuring out what music is similar to other music, looking at all the different audio signatures of the song." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
1st Armoured Division (Syria)
The 1st Armoured Division (الفرقة المدرعة الأولى) is an armored division of the Syrian Arab Army. It was established in 1970 and is part of the 2nd Corps. The 1st Division is the largest formation of the Syrian Arab Army.
Command structure
* 1st Armoured Division (2020)
* 61st Armoured Brigade
* 91st Armoured Brigade
* 153rd Armoured Brigade
* 57th Mechanized Brigade
* 58th Mechanized Brigade
* 68th Mechanized Brigade
* 171st Infantry Brigade
* 165th Artillery Brigade
* 141st Artillery Regiment
* 167th Anti-tank Regiment
Source:
Yom Kippur War
During the Syrian Army's assault on the Israeli held Golan Heights during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, the 1st Division was held in reserve until a breakthrough was made on the front line. On the evening of the first day of battle, 6 October, the division was sent forward to follow the success of the 5th Division in the southern breakout part of the line in Khodana and Rafid. From there it was supposed to move towards Hosnia, Ramathnia and past the Blacksmith camp.
The forces of the 5th Division delayed in the areas south of Nafh and in the Al-‘Al area when they encountered stubborn fighting from the remnants of the 188th Armored Brigade of IDF and the first reserve forces that reached the plateau, therefore the 1st Division also delayed in the area. At about 1:30 p.m., forces from the 91st and 43rd brigades (from the 5th Division) managed to arrive and join the fighting in the Nofah. Among other things, the forces of the 91st Brigade fought the force of the 679th Reserve Brigade (IDF) in the junction area Blacksmith, northeast of the camp fences. Dunstan writes that on the evening of the next day, the division commander, Colonel Tewfiq Juhni, had established a supply and administrative complex in the Khishniyah area.
During the next two days, elements of the division fought along the Syrian salient in the southern Golan, taking part in the battles around Nafach, Khishniyah and the area around Al-‘Al. On 10 October, along with other elements of the Syrian Army, the last remnants of the division finally withdrew after hard fighting against the Israeli defenders.
1982 Lebanon War
At the outbreak of the Lebanon War, the entire division was stationed in the Bekaa Valley. At the time, it was composed of the 91st Armoured Brigade, the 76th Armoured Brigade and the 58th Mechanized Brigade. Each armoured brigade contained about 160 tanks, and the mechanized brigade consisted of about 40, which added up to a division total of about 360 tanks (usually T-62s). In addition to these units, the 20th Commando Regiment was under the command of the division. It which was primarily used in the anti-tank role. The first clash between Syrian forces and the Israeli army forces occurred near the town of Jezzine, in the southern part of the valley. To protect the town against the advancing Israeli forces, infantry units and elements of the 76th Armoured Brigade were dispatched. In the ensuing battle, the IDF managed to defeat the Syrian forces and occupy the town.
A few days later, the division again fought forces of the IDF, who attacked the division on 11 June 1982, in the Battle of Sultan Yacoub. During this battle, the 91st and 76th Brigades were in the line while the 58th remained in reserve. At the same time forces of the 3rd Armoured Division began moving south along the Bekaa Valley to help against the Israeli attack. Finally, after heavy fighting, the division successfully staved off the Israeli troops and continued to hold the eastern part of the Beirut - Damascus line. Despite the losses the Syrians suffered, this battle is considered a great success because the Israeli effort was curbed.
21st century
The division was subordinate to the 2nd Corps, whose headquarters are in Al-Zabadani, north-west of Damascus, on the border of Lebanon. The corps has responsibility for the entire area north of Damascus to Homs including Lebanon. Corps forces were set up in Lebanon during the Syrian presence there, which lasted from 1976 to 2005. The 1st Division itself is currently headquartered at the Al-Kiswah base, south of Damascus.
In 2001, according to Richard Bennett, the division was composed of three brigades, the 44th Armoured, 46th Armoured, and the 42nd Mechanized.
Syrian Civil War
According to Holliday, by the beginning of 2012, the division consisted of the 76th, 91st, and 153rd Armoured Brigades, the 58th Mechanized Brigade, and an artillery regiment. Between February and April 2012, the 76th Armoured Brigade '..conducted a series of violent clearance operations in rural Idlib Governorate, during which its soldiers committed numerous atrocities across a swath of Syrian villages and left behind graffiti proclaiming the work of the "Death Brigade".
According to Gregory Waters, circa 2017-18 the division consists of the 57th, 58th, 61st, 68th, 91st and 171st Brigades, plus artillery and smaller units, with only the 58th and 91st Brigades dating from before 2011. The division's brigades (57th, 76th, 91st Armored and 58th mechanized) lost between 40%-65% of their heavy equipment (e.g. tanks and armoured vehicles). In 2018, the 61st Brigade opened a recruitment office in Douma, Damascus, from which it recruits former opposition members in the area, while the 171st Brigade recruited heavily among Republican Guard defectors who fought in the Al-Rastan region and surrendered in early 2018.
In mid-2018 reports indicated that the 1st Armoured Division was reorganized and rebuilt under Russian supervision. The 61st Brigade has been "entirely restored" by the Russians and "is the largest and most important combat brigade in the Syrian Arab Army". At the end of 2018, the division underwent further change as part of the rebuilding of the Syrian Army with the help of Russia. Of the units that made up the division, only the 91st Armored and 58th Mechanized Brigades remained as they were, while the 76th moved to 6th Division and 153rd Brigade ceased to exist.
As their replacement, the 171st, 68th, 61st and 57th Brigades were established. After the rehabilitation of 1st Division, each armored brigade contains: three Armored Battalions, (each 41 tanks), Mechanized Battalion (each 31 BMPs), Artillery Battalion (18 portable cannons) and Shilka Air Defense Battalion. Each Mechanized brigade contains: one Armored Battalion (each 33 tanks), three Mechanized Battalions, (each 31 BMPs) and Artillery Battalion (18 portable cannons). The last battle engagements of the division were As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018) and Operation Dawn of Idlib. | WIKI |
Updated: 2/21/2020 Second only to Halloween in candy consumption, Valentine’s Day must be a dentist’s nightmare. The stores are filled with candy, and even schoolchildren get in on the fun….
Valentines Day Couple
Valentine’s Day Bad Breath Barriers
Updated: 2/21/2020
Second only to Halloween in candy consumption, Valentine’s Day must be a dentist’s nightmare. The stores are filled with candy, and even schoolchildren get in on the fun. Healthy dental habits are a necessity if you want to avoid cavities after all the chocolate and Sweethearts candy.
Enjoy your candy (and brush afterward!). But for some, there is a deeper issue: BAD BREATH.
Bad Breath on Valentine’s Day
Many people see Valentine’s Day as a special time to get all close and cuddly with their significant other, but if you struggle with bad breath, this could be your worst nightmare. A top CNN article today interviews Dr. Katz of Therabreath (click here to see our very own exclusive interview with Dr. Katz!). Here’s an excerpt from the article entitled “Bad breath? Break free – and how to tell a friend“:
The first thing to do is determine if your breath is fresh or foul. Most people with stinky breath aren’t even aware they have it, because the brain becomes acclimated to one’s own personal scent. The good news is there are ways to self-diagnose.
Start with a tongue check. What color is it? A pink, shiny tongue indicates fresh breath. However, a tongue that’s white and scaly in appearance can indicate bad breath, according to Dr. Harold Katz, bacteriologist and founder of the California Breath Clinic.
Smelling your own breath in cupped hands is not the best way to check for halitosis, Katz says. Instead, lick the back of your hand, let it dry for a few seconds, and then smell the surface.
Alvarez’ fears of bad breath had her so self-conscious she avoided kissing her significant other. “I would brush my teeth but was still worried he’d think I was gross.”
It’s important to remember that bad breath is typically not a sign of bad dental hygiene. “It usually has nothing to do with teeth,” Katz says. “You can have good teeth, rotten teeth or no teeth at all and still have bad breath. It has to do with the tongue.”
Think of your tongue as a shaggy carpet and your mouth as a mobile chemistry lab. More than 600 types of bacteria are found in the average mouth. Many of those bacteria get trapped under the surface of the tongue and cause the bad breath.
How to Have Fresh Breath
The issue won’t immediately disappear, but you can bypass embarrassment with these affordable dental solutions:
• Drink plenty of water! Not only does it rinse your mouth of any lingering, smelly food particles, it also encourages saliva to flow in your mouth, which helps fight bacteria. A dry mouth is the perfect breeding ground for bacteria!
• Avoid foods like garlic and onions, soda, fish and coffee, the odors of which are absorbed into your bloodstream until the food leaves your body. Instead, try drinking green tea and eating crunchy fruits and vegetables, which scrub the teeth. Cinnamon also helps.
• Don’t rely on breath mints or chewing gum. They are very helpful for masking odors in a pinch, but they don’t solve the actual problem.
This Valentine’s Day, your most important trip to the store might take you right past all the copious amounts of pink and red merchandise and straight to the oral health care aisle. After you pick up some roses and a box of chocolates along the way, of course.
5 Comments
1. Did you know there is such a thing as a tongue scraper which is made to be far more effective at removing bad breath bacteria from your tongue?
2. This is actually quite useful. Halitosis seems to run in my family, but if cinnamon helps, hey, I think that I can improve the situation a bit. ;)
3. How interesting that the brain becomes acclimated to its own scent. Even my little 3 year has bad breath sometimes – we started brushing his tongue more and it has helped!
Leave a Reply | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
当你想在你的代码中找到一个错误时，这很难；当你认为你的代码是不会有错误时，这就更难了。
android-Jersey Rest默认字符编码
admin 6℃
当返回JSON时，Jersey似乎失败了…
这：
@GET
@Produces( MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON + ";charset=UTF-8")
public List<MyObject> getMyObjects() {
return ....;
}
需要返回JSON utf-8编码。如果我只用
@Produces( MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
如果失败，例如德语（üää），将以错误的方式返回。
两个问题：
1-对于JSON utf-8 ist标准-为什么不使用Jersey?
2-如果JSON请求传入，我可以为整个REST Servlet设置utf-8吗?
我在Android上使用Jersey 1.5和CRest 1.0.1
SRGs的建议很有魅力。但是，由于Jersey 2.0的接口略有不同，因此我们不得不稍微调整一下过滤器：
import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerRequestContext;
import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerResponseContext;
import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerResponseFilter;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
public class CharsetResponseFilter implements ContainerResponseFilter {
@Override
public void filter(ContainerRequestContext request, ContainerResponseContext response) {
MediaType type = response.getMediaType();
if (type != null) {
String contentType = type.toString();
if (!contentType.contains("charset")) {
contentType = contentType + ";charset=utf-8";
response.getHeaders().putSingle("Content-Type", contentType);
}
}
}
}
我也有同样的问题：我不喜欢在'@Produces'标签中到处添加字符集
我在这里找到了解决方案：http://stephen.genoprime.com/2011/05/29/jersey-charset-in-content-type.html
基本上，您只需添加一个将添加字符集的响应过滤器（例如，如果当前返回的内容类型是文本、xml或json）
import com.sun.jersey.spi.container.ContainerRequest;
import com.sun.jersey.spi.container.ContainerResponse;
import com.sun.jersey.spi.container.ContainerResponseFilter;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
public class CharsetResponseFilter implements ContainerResponseFilter {
public ContainerResponse filter(ContainerRequest request, ContainerResponse response) {
MediaType contentType = response.getMediaType();
response.getHttpHeaders().putSingle("Content-Type", contentType.toString() + ";charset=UTF-8");
return response;
}
}
注册过滤器：
ServletAdapter jerseyAdapter = new ServletAdapter();
jerseyAdapter.addInitParameter("com.sun.jersey.spi.container.ContainerResponseFilters", "com.my.package.MyResponseFilter");
当然，也可以使用Guice，例如在扩展ServletModule的类中：
final Map<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<String, String>();
parameters.put("com.sun.jersey.spi.container.ContainerResponseFilters", com.package.JerseyCharsetResponseFilter.class.getName());
serve("/*").with(GuiceContainer.class, parameters);
SRGs和马丁斯的解决方案对我很有效
但是，我必须对过滤器应用以下更改：
如果客户端使用Accept头执行请求，Jersey会向内容类型添加一个质量因子。如下所示：
没有问题：没有接受头的请求：
curl -i http://www.example.com/my-rest-endpoint
response.getMediaType().toString()application/json . 我们可以简单地附加 ;charset=utf-8 是的
问题：带有接受头的请求：
curl -i -H "Accept: application/json" http://www.example.com/my-rest-endpoint
response.getMediaType().toString(){application/json, q=1000} . 我们不能简单地附加 ;charset=utf-8 ，因为这将导致以下异常：
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Error parsing media type '{application/json, q=1000};charset=utf-8'
at org.glassfish.jersey.message.internal.MediaTypeProvider.fromString(MediaTypeProvider.java:92) ~[na:na]
at org.glassfish.jersey.message.internal.MediaTypeProvider.fromString(MediaTypeProvider.java:60) ~[na:na]
at javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType.valueOf(MediaType.java:179) ~[na:na]
...
Caused by: java.text.ParseException: Next event is not a Token
at org.glassfish.jersey.message.internal.HttpHeaderReader.nextToken(HttpHeaderReader.java:129) ~[na:na]
at org.glassfish.jersey.message.internal.MediaTypeProvider.valueOf(MediaTypeProvider.java:110) ~[na:na]
at org.glassfish.jersey.message.internal.MediaTypeProvider.fromString(MediaTypeProvider.java:90) ~[na:na]
... 193 common frames omitted
我建议使用以下代码来解决此问题：
import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerRequestContext;
import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerResponseContext;
import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerResponseFilter;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
public class CharsetResponseFilter implements ContainerResponseFilter {
@Override
public void filter(ContainerRequestContext request, ContainerResponseContext response) {
MediaType type = response.getMediaType();
if (type != null) {
if (!type.getParameters().containsKey(MediaType.CHARSET_PARAMETER)) {
MediaType typeWithCharset = type.withCharset("utf-8");
response.getHeaders().putSingle("Content-Type", typeWithCharset);
}
}
}
}
转载请注明：我的代码 » android-Jersey Rest默认字符编码 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ignatius von Weitenauer
Litterateur, exegete, and Orientalist, born at Ingolstadt, Bavaria, 1 November, 1709; died at Salem near Constance, Wurtemberg, 4 February, 1783. His family had been knighted by the Elector of Bavaria, Maximilian Joseph. After the ordinary studies of the Society of Jesus, which he entered 3 November, 1724, he taught for eleven years poetry and rhetoric in several colleges, mainly at Eichstadt. In 1753 he was called to the chair of philosophy and Oriental languages at Innsbruck. When his career as professor was abruptly brought to an end by the suppression of his order in 1773, he followed an invitation of the abbot of the Cistercians of Salmansweiler (near Salem) to continue his literary activity in the monastery, and remained there till his death. Prior to his call to Innsbruck, Weitenauer published several occasional works, festive odes and plays, of high merit. It was, however, during his professorship at Innsbruck that he composed his numerous learned works, the principal of which are: "Biblia sacra" (Augsburg, 1773), a commentary based on a comparison of the Vulgate with the original text; "Lexicon biblicum" (Augsburg, 1758, 1780), an explanation of difficult Hebrew and Greek phrases occurring in the Vulgate, republished frequently, even as late as 1866; "Hierolexicon linguarum orientalium", 1, together with a grammar "Trifolium hebraicum, chaldaicum et syriacum" (Augsburg, 1759); "Modus addiscendi. . .linguas gallicam, italicam, hispanicam, graecam, hebraicam et chaldaicam" (Frankfurt on Main, 1756), which he supplemented in 1762 by the "Hexaglotton alterum docens linguas anglicam, germanicam, belgicam, latinam, lusitanicam et syriacam", both of them appearing under the title "Hexaglotton geminum". His extensive linguistic studies bore direct relation to the study of Scripture. Besides he published "Subsidia eloquentiae sacrae" (19 vols., Augsburg, 1764-69). After the suppression of his order appeared "Apparatus catecheticus" (Augsburg, 1775), a collection of 1500 examples, illustrative of the teachings of Christianity. His last great work was a German translation in 12 volumes of both the Old and the New Testament with numerous annotations.
SOMMERVOGERL, Bibliotheque, VIII, 1051; HURTER, Nomenclator, III.
. | WIKI |
User:Sera Mills
Hi! I'm Sera Mills. I love learning, and I want to help others learn too. I joined Wikipedia so I could submit pages and edit them so people can have a deeper understanding of a topic I know well enough to add information on! | WIKI |
Talk:Triumph Acclaim
'''Does anyone know the exact date when the last Triumph motor car was assembled? I believe that it was after August 1984 as there were plenty of B-reg Acclaims on the road, and its successor - the Rover 200 - was only available as a B-reg onwards.
The Japanese parts were astronomically expensive. £50 for a sump in the mid 80s? A Ferrari would have been cheaper. A total shit heap and a contemptuous disgrace to the noble badge of Triumph. | WIKI |
-- Avanir Short-Sale Bets Rise to Record Before Oct. 30 FDA Ruling on Drug
Investors are making a record number
of bets against Avanir Pharmaceuticals Inc. shares and pushing
options prices to a four-year high before U.S. regulators rule
on the drugmaker’s proposed neurological therapy by Oct. 30. Avanir, based in Aliso Viejo, California, is seeking
approval of the drug, AVP-923, to reduce bouts of involuntary
laughing and crying among patients who have suffered brain
injuries or have multiple sclerosis or Lou Gehrig ’s disease,
also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Four analysts surveyed by Bloomberg have a buy rating on
the shares and two issued notes this month predicting approval.
A report, “Nine Reasons to Sell Avanir,” sent to investors
Monday by Favus Institutional Research LLC, predicted the drug
wouldn’t be approved by the Food and Drug Administration due to
concerns over heart safety, said Elliot Favus , the firm’s co-
founder. “Our view is that there’s no dose of the drug that doesn’t
cause a delay in electrical conduction of the heart and we think
that’s a concern for the FDA,” Favus said in a telephone
interview yesterday. Avanir rose 10 cents, or 3.7 percent, to $2.81 at 4 p.m.
New York time in Nasdaq Stock Market composite trading and has
gained 54 percent in the past twelve months. AVP-923 is a combination of quinidine, a generic drug that
prevents heart arrhythmia, and dextromethorphan, a cough
suppressant. The combination is thought to affect the
neurotransmitter glutamate, Avanir has said. Short Selling More than 26 percent of the company stock available for
trading, or float, were sold short as of Oct. 26, up from 11
percent two months ago and a 2010 low of 6.3 percent in January,
according to data compiled by Bloomberg and Data Explorers, a
New York-based research firm that tracks short sales. Implied
volatility, the key gauge of option prices, for at-the-money
Avanir contracts expiring in 30 days has doubled in the past six
weeks to 357.49. Short sellers profit from the decline in share prices by
selling borrowed securities and later replacing them with shares
bought at lower levels. Investors use options to guard against
fluctuations in the price of securities they own, speculate on
share-price moves or bet that volatility , or stock swings, will
rise or fall. Avanir presented results of a study at the American Academy
of Neurology’s annual meeting in Toronto on April 13 showing
that patients reported fewer episodes of involuntary laughing
and crying after taking the medication. The uncontrolled
displays of emotion are known as pseudobulbar affect . FDA Concern The FDA declined to approve the drug in 2006, citing
concerns over heart rhythm safety, said Ritu Baral , an analyst
for Cannacord Genuity in New York. The agency’s chief concern
was whether quinidine caused QT prolongation, a change in
electrical rhythm that can increase heart attack risk, she said. The company then reformulated the drug with a lower dose of
quinidine and conducted new studies, she said. “We view all the safety data, including heart rhythm
safety data, as clean,” Baral said in a telephone interview
yesterday. “We don’t think FDA will delay approval.” There is a 75 percent chance the FDA will clear the drug
and that Avanir will begin marketing it in the first half of
2011, Baral said in a note yesterday to investors. The options market is assigning an equal probability that
the stock will plunge below $1 or soar above $7.50 because
prices for November options to bet on moves to those levels are
the same, said Ophir Gottlieb , head of client services at
Livevol Inc., a San Francisco-based provider of options market
analytics. “The options market is implying it’s equally likely that
the company triples in value or goes bankrupt,” Gottlieb said.
“If the experts are guessing there will be a good result, the
options market isn’t buying it.” To contact the reporters on this story:
Rob Waters in San Francisco at
rwaters5@bloomberg.net ; Jeff Kearns in New York at
jkearns3@bloomberg.net . To contact the editors responsible for this story:
Nick Baker at nbaker7@bloomberg.net ; Reg
Gale at rgale5@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Satanic Temple display placed at Illinois state house alongside Christmas and Hanukkah displays | TheHill
A monument from by The Satanic Temple of Chicago has been added to the Illinois Statehouse rotunda as part of its holiday display. The monument consists of a 3-foot base with an extended arm holding an apple on top, with the words “Knowledge is the greatest gift” written on a plaque on the front of the base, according to the State Journal-Register. The sculpture joins a nativity scene to commemorate Christmas and a menorah to celebrate Hanukkah in the statehouse rotunda. The group applied to the secretary of state’s office to show the display and was approved. The spokesman for the Illinois secretary of state told the news outlet that the Satanic group had the right just like any other group to put up its display since the rotunda is a public place. “Under the Constitution, the First Amendment, people have a right to express their feelings, their thoughts,” said spokesman Dave Druker. “This recognizes that.” The State Journal-Register reports that a large sign near the holiday displays explains the Supreme Court ruling regarding displays in public places. In August, another Satanic Temple brought a statue of Baphomet, a goat-like figure associated with Satanism, to a First Amendment rally at the Arkansas state Capitol. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Utility bicycle
Riding position
It would be nice if this "anatomically correct riding position" was explained or linked.- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:43, 19 July 2005
Ute?
I've never heard the term Ute bike. Is it an Australian term? A play on words? (a Ute is an Aussie term for what's known in North America as a pickup truck) Maybe an Aussie out there could clarify that for me. I'm going to request a citation, and if one doesn't come, and if no one can at least give some explanation on the talk page, I think we should remove the term. --Keithonearth (talk) 22:37, 3 December 2008
* OK, I'm taking the term down, it's been more than long enough. --Keithonearth (talk) 04:44, 11 September 2009 (UTC)
African Roadster?
The article refers to African Roadster a number of times, this confuses me. I've never been to Sub-Saharan Africa, but I was under the impression that bicycles found there were mostly imported from India and/or China. Are there some African Countries that produce bicycles locally? If not, then I'd like to remove the term "African Roadster". Of course some info on Roadsters used in Africa would be most welcome, and useful. --Keithonearth (talk) 21:03, 11 September 2009 (UTC)
* Well, there is at least one recent example of bikes locally produced in Sub-Saharan Africa, Roadmaster Cycles Uganda Ltd, but they appear to have stopped products, sadly. You can read about it here: http://www.monitor.co.ug/artman/publish/business_power/Roadmaster_loses_balance_on_the_road_70479.shtml
* While they probably made an exact copy of a roadster from either Hero, Eastman, or some other Indian company, which in turn is probably supposed to be "nut-and-bolt interchangeable to the Raleigh DL-1", there are some differences between what I've seen in Uganda and what I've seen in the UK: mainly aftermarket modifications.
* a heavy-duty rear rack, oops luggage carrier, with thick padding and usually foot pegs for carrying passengers,
* some kind of front fork reinforcement usually made out of rebar. This appears to be a replacement for some kind of front suspension system that I only spotted once in a while.
* One other main difference between European and African, and perhaps Indian, roadsters is continued use of rod brakes. I still see old examples still kicking around in Europe, but I saw many brand-new ones, still in their wrappings, for sale in Uganda.
* A quick image search on Google for boda boda may provide you with more details. -AndrewDressel (talk) 21:57, 11 September 2009 (UTC)
* Thanks for the good info Andrew. I'd love to get my hands on a old Raleigh and Flying Pidgin or Hero, and go at them with a thread gauge and a pair of callipers. But that's off topic. The African bikes you describe sound identical to the ones I've seen in China and India/Pakistan. Yes, in those countries too, they almost always have rod brakes. Anyways, googleing Boda Boda gave me lots of links about their use, but none about the manufacture in Africa. Reference.com does specify that Indian and Chinese bikes are used. Does it seem good to de-emphasize or remove the term "African Roadster" and refer to Roadsters used in Africa? --Keithonearth (talk) 05:21, 12 September 2009 (UTC)
* Am actually hoping to take a look at an Eastman this weekend. A shop here in Madison Wisconsin says they have them, rod brakes and all. If I can convince them to sell me one still in its box, instead of already built up by them, I might get it. Anyway, without more compelling evidence, it's probably a good idea to replace "African Roadster" with "Roadsters used in Africa". -AndrewDressel (talk) 15:12, 12 September 2009 (UTC)
* There is no such thing as African roadster!
* A Roadster is a traditional type of utility bicycle first exported throughout the world by the British, and later built under licence, are predominant in the "Orient" and in the "Occident" (West) popular now days in the Netherlands and Denmark and to a lesser degree in Germany and France and becoming quite popular once again troughout the Western world—while new contemporary lighter versions are being called city bikes—and altough they may vary somewhat from country to country according to their usage, they are all one type of bike and, Roadster (bicycle), Dutch bicycles, European city bikes and even the three-speed bicycles should be under one article, a.k.a.; utility bicycle, for less confusion, better understanding, and a more neutral and encyclopedic point of view ∞ Moebiusuibeom-en (talk) 16:42, 12 September 2009 (UTC)
* Phew! I'm glad that's settled. -AndrewDressel (talk) 17:34, 12 September 2009 (UTC)
* Don't Give Up, we still have some work to do ∞ Moebiusuibeom-en (talk) 01:50, 13 September 2009 (UTC)
* ... and lets not hurry into things, we still need the opinions of other felow Wikipedians regarding this matter ∞ Moebiusuibeom-en (talk) 01:40, 14 September 2009 (UTC)
Table of contents sample:
Hi you all, after further research, I would start organizing by listing the following at the end of actual Design section, linking articles witch would remain independent! Commentaries please!
Types of utility bicycles
Designed for commuting, errands, delivery and general urban transport.
* English roadster bicycle
* Dutch bicycle
* European city bicycle
* Folding bicycle
* Cargo bicycle
* Porteur bicycle
Technologies
* Internal Hub Gearing
* Hub dynamo
* Lighting systems
∞ Moebiusuibeom-en (talk) 18:52, 14 September 2009 (UTC)
* Clearly, some organization if necessary, and perhaps some mergers as well. The above looks like a good start. -AndrewDressel (talk) 15:04, 20 September 2009 (UTC)
* ... and within utility bicycle, should'ent we combine Present day use and Use? ∞ Moebiusuibeom-en (talk) 14:42, 24 September 2009 (UTC)
Use in Developing world vs in the Orient
Hi Moebiusuibeom-en. You recently changed my referenced addition that "The vast majority of bicycles can be found in the developing world,[ref] and are Utility bikes. As such Utility bikes are the most common form of bicycle globally." with the comment that: "“developing world” is used incorrectly here, transport in the “Western world” (poor or rich), is politically dominated by the car!" I suspect you are making a good point, if I understand you correctly: That many developing countries of the Western Hemisphere have high car use. That, however, doesn't make that fact that most bikes are in the developing world untrue, and importantly that is exactly what the reference says. Not that all developing countries have more bikes than cars, or that no developing countries use lots of bikes; just that there are more bikes in developing countries than in rich ones. I hope you can let that statement stand, but if not the ref needs to come out too, so it doesn't look like your statement is backed up by that reference. And of course I wouldn't like to see this article lose one of it's few referenced facts. Thanks! --Keithonearth (talk) 07:02, 20 September 2009 (UTC)
* Hey Keithonearth, how you doing, you have the reference but it's in printed matter, just kidding, and as a matter of fact, I do have The Bicycle by Pryor Dodge with an introduction by said writer David V. Herlihy, i'll have to re-read it to see what i can find there! Anyway, in reference to data, what you've written is also correct, especially with reference mentioned, nevertheless, i also have very good book sources for what I've written, its a little contoversial and we have to be carefull on how its worded, we could somehow include it further down in article later on!
* I am also active in Spanish Wikipedia and i have included said statement including reference here → Ciclismo urbano
* And about that “there are more bikes in developing countries than in rich ones”, that's debatable, at least in South America, where the mountainous terrain keeps them at bay, ...aren't there more bikes in rich countries, but parked in the garages unused?
* Happy Cycling ∞ Moebiusuibeom-en (talk) 15:00, 20 September 2009 (UTC)
* Thanks for your answer, and yes I still agree with you for the most part, but then what you are saying is not contradictory from what I am saying for the most part. if you look at it from the point of view of The Americas there could very well be more bikes in the rich countries. But if we look at it from a global point of view, and so take Asia into account (with something like 60% of the world population) then surely we must be able to say that there are more in the developing world. Of course we could also say that most of the bikes in the world are in Asia, and I think that would be true, so I'd totally welcome a reference to that effect. Happy cycling to you too! --Keithonearth (talk) 05:08, 22 September 2009 (UTC)
Merge discussion
It seems that there is quite an overlap between this article, roadster (bicycle), Dutch bicycle and European city bike. What do people think about this? Parsonscat (talk) 18:07, 3 October 2010 (UTC)
* I agree there is quite some overlap between roadster (bicycle), Dutch bicycle and European city bike and I think a merge between those three articles would be worthwhile. However, I'm not so sure that here is the best place to put it - either we should describe all types of utility bicycle here and have no separate articles, or have summaries of them and links to their own articles. Merging the three articles here would leave a few other types of utility bicycle with their own article. European city bike also needs a bit of a rewrite. SeveroTC 18:39, 3 October 2010 (UTC)
* Agree I think it is a good idea, in general. Would we want to also merge "working bicycles" such as the Porteur bicycle into this article? That article is not likely to ever outgrow its stub status. Or perhaps we should have a separate merge discussion for a combined "Working bicycle" article for Porteurs, low gravity and butcher bikes.
* In any case, if we go ahead with the merge, I would want each bicycle type to have its own section so that it is searchable from the Wiki search field. Ebikeguy (talk) 14:45, 24 October 2010 (UTC)
* No, I think that since these are all different types of bicycles (though many modern styles of city bike show a clear lineage to the early roadsters) they deserve their own pages. Just because they are used for the same purposes does not mean that they are the same type of bicycle. It is for this reason that I believe that each type of bicycle should have its own page. (However, the "Dutch bicycle" page should perhaps be merged with "Roadster (bicycle)" page as I believe it can be shown that the Omafiets is really just the classic ladies' roadster which happens to be thriving still in Holland.) So rather than the suggested merge I suggest that under "Types of utility bicycles" we replace the list of bicycle types and give each type its own heading, followed by a link to the main page for each bicycle type, together with a short summary. reinthal (talk) 13:11, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
* Maybe - I agree with Severo in that I too see alot of overlap and I too am not so sure that here is the best place to put it. Maybe we should describe all types of utility bicycle here and have no separate articles, or have summaries of them and links to their own articles.--Degen Earthfast (talk) 15:54, 15 May 2011 (UTC)
* Changed to No as I now agree with Reinthal.
* <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:19, 25 August 2011 (UTC)No I found this much too useful having just come back from Amsterdam. It is a unique style of bicycle.
* No; I agree reinthal and Degen Earthfast above. Mainly because though they are used for the same purpose doesn't make them the same kind of bike. The Roadster (bicycle) article seems to be have enough material to stand on it's own, as do the other articles. I'm going to remove the merge tags as they've been up long enough and we do not have consensus to merge. --Keithonearth (talk) 22:36, 6 September 2011 (UTC)
Clunker bicycle
I find it very difficult to accept that "The vast majority of bicycles can be found in the developing world" [Herlihy] when, in my experience, most first-world households have bicycles. I see Herlihy uses the name "clunker" to describe these cycles, and that's what I remember from my times in Holland. I'd add mention of it myself except I'm unsure of the difference between the utility and the rather particular Dutch utility cycle and this article doesn't help me. MalcolmMcDonald (talk) 20:18, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
Maybe Herlihy's defination of "developing world" should be determined.--Degen Earthfast (talk) 21:57, 19 May 2011 (UTC)
Merger proposal
I propose that Utility bicycle be merged into City bicycle. I think that the content in the Utility bicycle article can easily be explained in the context of City bicycle, and the City bicycle article is of a reasonable size that the merging of Utility bicycle will not cause any problems as far as article size or undue weight is concerned. João Pimentel Ferreira (talk) 16:07, 22 July 2017 (UTC)
I know this type of subjects evokes a series of passionate and irrational comments, but we must be objective considering the technical features and not the purpose nor the usage. If you read the content of both articles, the technical features are basically the same. Of course we may use a city bicycle in the countryside, in the same fashion that we can use a road bicycle in the city. We may also change the name of the merged article for something more broad. João Pimentel Ferreira (talk) 16:18, 22 July 2017 (UTC)
* A not unreasonable proposal, but perhaps a merge in the reverse direction is broader, in part because the term 'utility' is broader and without the connotations Joao distantly hints at. It is also the older article. Klbrain (talk) 21:52, 9 November 2018 (UTC)
* I support the proposal as a City bicycle is a type of Utility bicycle and a Utility bicycle is, "Designed for commuting, errands, delivery and general urban transport." I agree that Utility bicycle is a more appropriate target. Based on discussion here, it appears this revised proposal would work for . ~Kvng (talk) 16:22, 13 January 2019 (UTC)
* ✅ Klbrain (talk) 22:17, 22 February 2019 (UTC)
"no more than 3-4 miles a day"
I find this very confusing. Is a utility bike unsuitable for traveling more than this, or if you hit 4 miles suddenly it doesn't count as a utility bike? In general, the intro is somewhat discouraging. Almost it sounds like it was written by a road bike manufacturer.
* I believe this to be the result of bad faith edits undertaken by a user of another site using this page to support an argument. As a user of a utility bike for distances of up to 40 miles a day I don't think this is at all correct! Ed1993 (talk) 16:13, 5 January 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:zaman
RFC discussion: July 2013
Supposedly a noun meaning “in vain, without success.” Either the POS is wrong and this is an adverb, or the definition is wrong (I guess it could be “something done in vain”) — Ungoliant (Falai) 23:00, 9 July 2013 (UTC)
* The Slovenian entry was added by, and worked on later by , who both seem to be knowledgable about the language. Given that the Serbo-Croatian entries (Roman and Cyrillic scripts) both have it as an adverb, I suspect it was an absent-minded error that got overlooked by CodeCat because she was concentrating on other things. Chuck Entz (talk) 03:05, 10 July 2013 (UTC)
* Even the inflection line template had it as an adverb. L3 header changed. DCDuring TALK 03:28, 10 July 2013 (UTC)
* It's an adverb. I can confirm that "zaman" means "in vain", "to no avail", e.g. "vse je zaman" - "it's all in vain". --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 03:31, 10 July 2013 (UTC)
* Thanks. RFC closed. — Ungoliant (Falai) 04:13, 10 July 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Wife of Beith (9).pdf/11
Rh But Moſes, Sir, now by your leave, Although in heaven you're poſſeſt, For all you ſaw, did not believe, But you in Horeb once tranſgreſt, Wherefore, by all it is conſeſt, You but got up the land to ſee, And in the mount were put to reſt, Yea buried there, where you did die
* Moſes meekly turned back,
And told his brother Aaron there, How the old carling did ſo crack, And in no ways did him forbear.
* Then Aaron ſaid, I will not ſwear,
But I'll conjure her as I can, And I will make her to forbear, So that ſhe ſhall not rap again.
* Then Aaron ſaid, You whoriſh wife,
Go get you gone, and rap no more; (With idols you have led your life,) Or then you ſhall repent it fore.
* Good Aaron prieſt, I know you well,
The golden calf you may remember, Who made the people plagues to ſee, This is of you recorded ever: Your prieſthood now is nothing worth, Chriſt is my only Prieſt, and he, My Lord, that will not keep me forth, So I'll get in, in ſpite of thee.
* Up ſtarted Samſon at the laſt,
Unto the gate apace came he, To drive away the wife with ſtrength, But all in vain, it would not be. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Suspected copyright violations/2012-03-11
2012-03-11 (Suspected copyright violations)
* — http://justmusicgrp.com/index.html. MadmanBot reporting at 00:49, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — http://themyware.com/Sunny-Brown.html. MadmanBot reporting at 01:18, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — Marakesh(band). MadmanBot reporting at 04:41, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Cut and paste move fixed by investigator or others. CharlieDelta (talk) 08:42, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Cut and paste move fixed by investigator or others. CharlieDelta (talk) 08:42, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Skyrim:A_Kiss,_Sweet_Mother. MadmanBot reporting at 06:42, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting support.svg No copyright concern. Material PD or appropriately licensed for use. CharlieDelta (talk) 08:32, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting support.svg No copyright concern. Material PD or appropriately licensed for use. CharlieDelta (talk) 08:32, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — http://czdonghi929103.tradeprince.com. MadmanBot reporting at 06:45, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting delete.svg Copyright concerns remain. Article deleted or tagged for speedy deletion. CharlieDelta (talk) 08:18, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — Deportes Valdivia. MadmanBot reporting at 07:16, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Cut and paste move fixed by investigator or others. CharlieDelta (talk) 08:04, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Cut and paste move fixed by investigator or others. CharlieDelta (talk) 08:04, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — http://www.meiss.com/blog/tag/neutral-pricing-strategy. MadmanBot reporting at 08:03, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting delete.svg Copyright concerns remain. Article deleted or tagged for speedy deletion. CharlieDelta (talk) 08:39, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — Frank Magalona. MadmanBot reporting at 09:03, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Cut and paste move fixed by investigator or others. CharlieDelta (talk) 13:13, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Cut and paste move fixed by investigator or others. CharlieDelta (talk) 13:13, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — Francis Magalona Jr. MadmanBot reporting at 09:05, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Cut and paste move fixed by investigator or others. CharlieDelta (talk) 13:13, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Cut and paste move fixed by investigator or others. CharlieDelta (talk) 13:13, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — Build Bright University FC. MadmanBot reporting at 09:30, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Cut and paste move fixed by investigator or others. CharlieDelta (talk) 13:06, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Cut and paste move fixed by investigator or others. CharlieDelta (talk) 13:06, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — http://inhimachal.in/index_files/Introduction.htm. MadmanBot reporting at 10:10, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting support.svg No copyright concern. False positive. CharlieDelta (talk) 12:52, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting support.svg No copyright concern. False positive. CharlieDelta (talk) 12:52, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — Culinary herbs and spices from indonesia. MadmanBot reporting at 10:56, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — Herbs and spices. MadmanBot reporting at 11:00, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — Culinary herbs and spices. MadmanBot reporting at 14:53, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — Culinary herbs and spices. MadmanBot reporting at 14:54, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — Culinary herbs and spices. MadmanBot reporting at 14:56, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — Culinary herbs and spices. MadmanBot reporting at 14:59, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — Culinary herbs and spices. MadmanBot reporting at 15:03, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — http://www.havmor.com/about_us_history.html. MadmanBot reporting at 16:04, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — http://blc.bih.nic.in/Chairman.htm. MadmanBot reporting at 16:12, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — http://www.eaglegb.com/pages/eagle-etypes-on-television. MadmanBot reporting at 16:31, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — http://www.wwvets.com/WW1_Buffalo_Soldiers.asp. MadmanBot reporting at 16:31, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Am in dialogue with the contributor on the talk page. Content may be PD but waiting for verification. Will report back shortly.--CharlieDelta (talk) 06:57, 12 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Article cleaned by investigator or others. No remaining infringement. CharlieDelta (talk) 06:34, 13 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Article cleaned by investigator or others. No remaining infringement. CharlieDelta (talk) 06:34, 13 March 2012 (UTC)
* — http://www.clivebanks.co.uk/Batman/Notyetheaint.htm. MadmanBot reporting at 16:55, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting move.svg Article blanked for evaluation and closure through WP:CP. CharlieDelta (talk) 07:25, 12 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Article cleaned by investigator or others. No remaining infringement. Voceditenore (talk) 16:28, 27 March 2012 (UTC)
* — http://www.icrobotics.co.uk/wiki/index.php/Main_Page. MadmanBot reporting at 17:27, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — http://homeworktips.about.com/od/mindandbody/qt/latestudy.htm. MadmanBot reporting at 18:21, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* — "race engineer". MadmanBot reporting at 20:26, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting support.svg No copyright concern. False positive. Voceditenore (talk) 16:28, 27 March 2012 (UTC)
* — http://www.netformule.com/san_juan%2C_metro_manila/encyclopedia.htm. MadmanBot reporting at 21:14, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* &mdash<EMAIL_ADDRESS>MadmanBot reporting at 22:06, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting delete.svg Copyright concerns remain. Article deleted or tagged for speedy deletion. CharlieDelta (talk) 19:55, 12 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting delete.svg Copyright concerns remain. Article deleted or tagged for speedy deletion. CharlieDelta (talk) 19:55, 12 March 2012 (UTC)
* — http://scplweb.santacruzpl.org/history/people/mtcharl.shtml. MadmanBot reporting at 22:51, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
* Has been tagged as a possible "cut and paste" copyvio. I think it may be more than this and am investigating.--CharlieDelta (talk) 06:54, 13 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting move.svg Article blanked for evaluation and closure through WP:CP. CharlieDelta (talk) 21:10, 13 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting move.svg Article blanked for evaluation and closure through WP:CP. CharlieDelta (talk) 21:10, 13 March 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg Article cleaned by investigator or others. No remaining infringement. Voceditenore (talk) 16:28, 27 March 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
Takatoshi Uchida
Takatoshi Uchida (内田 宝寿) is a Japanese former footballer.
He joined Ehime FC in the Japan Football League after graduating from Juntendo University and have played for Denso FC and Japan's College of Upward Players in Soccer prior to joining Albirex Niigata FC (Singapore). He is also the captain of the side. On October 2009, he start playing for Persebaya Surabaya. | WIKI |
Comparing different ways of writing out large amounts of data
This post is more than 2 years old.
Jeff sent me an interesting question last Friday involving writing out large amounts of data to a text file in ColdFusion. He had to read in thousands of files and append them to a single file. He was curious about what he could do to speed up this process. I wasn't really sure what to suggest - outside of making sure he used cfsetting requesttimeout to give his script time to process, but he wrote back and said he had some success using Java to write out the file data. This led me to do a bit of digging myself. I know that the new file functions (added in ColdFusion 8) made use of higher performing code behind the scenes. So for example, if you used cffile to read in a multi gigabyte file, than ColdFusion has to store all that data in RAM. But if you make use of fileOpen and fileReadLine, you can suck in parts of the file at a time. Shoot - you can even use fileSeek (in ColdFusion 9) to jump ahead. All of this works very well, but is focused on the read side of the equation. How about writing? I whipped up a simple test to see differently I could write to a file and how differently the approaches would perform.
I began my test script by ensuring it would have enough time to run:
<cfsetting requesttimeout="999">
Next I output some whitespace junk. I'm going to be using cfflush and discovered that Chrome, like Internet Explorer, likes to get "enough" content before it renders anything.
<cfoutput>#repeatString(" ", 250)#</cfoutput><cfflush>
Here is my first test:
<cfset string = repeatString(createUUID(), 10)> <cfset theFile = expandPath("./data.txt")> <cfoutput>About to write to #theFile#</cfoutput> <p> <cfflush>
<cfset thisTick = getTickCount()> <cfloop index="x" from="1" to="200000"> <cffile action="append" file="#theFile#" output="#string#"> <cfif x mod 1000 is 0> <cfoutput>##</cfoutput> <cfflush> </cfif> </cfloop> <cfset finalTick = getTickCount() - thisTick>
<cfoutput> <p>Took #finalTick# ms to write. </cfoutput>
I created a string based on a UUID repeated 10 times. I set my file name and then loop from 1 to 200,000 using the append form of cffile to write data to the file. That little cfif condition in there is just a simple way for me to monitor the progress of my test. By outputting a hash mark every one thousand iterations I can get an idea of how quickly my test is running. I wrap the meat of this with a few getTickCounts() so I can time the process.
This test took 70,222 ms to run.
Ok, so how about using the new(ish) file functions? Here's my next text.
<cfset theFile = expandPath("./data2.txt")> <cfoutput>About to write to #theFile#</cfoutput> <p> <cfflush>
<cfset thisTick = getTickCount()> <cfset fileOb = fileOpen(theFile, "append")> <cfloop index="x" from="1" to="200000"> <cfset fileWriteLine(fileOb, string)> <cfif x mod 1000 is 0> <cfoutput>##</cfoutput> <cfflush> </cfif> </cfloop> <cfset fileClose(fileOb)> <cfset finalTick = getTickCount() - thisTick>
<cfoutput> <p>Took #finalTick# ms to write. </cfoutput>
I create a file object opened using append mode. I made use of fileWriteLine to append my text. Finally, I close the file object. So how did this perform?
This test took 1,622 ms to run.
Bit faster, eh? Then I tried something else. I thought - what would happen if I built up a large string and just wrote to the file system once. I knew that a normal string operation wouldn't work as string operations in general aren't very performant. I used a Java StringBuilder instead.
<cfset theFile = expandPath("./data3.txt")> <cfoutput>About to write to #theFile#</cfoutput> <p> <cfflush>
<cfset thisTick = getTickCount()> <cfset s = createObject("java","java.lang.StringBuilder")> <cfset newString = string & chr(13)> <cfloop index="x" from="1" to="200000"> <cfset s.append(newString)> <cfif x mod 1000 is 0> <cfoutput>##</cfoutput> <cfflush> </cfif> </cfloop> <cffile action="write" file="#theFile#" output="#s.toString()#"> <cfset finalTick = getTickCount() - thisTick>
<cfoutput> <p>Took #finalTick# ms to write. </cfoutput>
This test took 1,658 ms to run.
Now that's pretty interesting. In every iteration of my test, the StringBuilder version was always very close to the fileWriteLine version. Always slower, but not far enough to really matter. The main difference though is that I've got one variable taking in a large amount of RAM. In theory, this could take all the RAM available to the JVM. (Keep in mind the JVM is not an area I'm strong in. This is where I typically send people to Mike Brunt. ;)
I'll include the entire test script below, but the tests verify what I expected. The newer file functions work much better for both reading and writing. Any comments?
<cfsetting requesttimeout="999"> <cfoutput>#repeatString(" ", 250)#</cfoutput><cfflush>
<cfset string = repeatString(createUUID(), 10)> <cfset theFile = expandPath("./data.txt")> <cfoutput>About to write to #theFile#</cfoutput> <p> <cfflush>
<cfset thisTick = getTickCount()> <cfloop index="x" from="1" to="200000"> <cffile action="append" file="#theFile#" output="#string#"> <cfif x mod 1000 is 0> <cfoutput>##</cfoutput> <cfflush> </cfif> </cfloop> <cfset finalTick = getTickCount() - thisTick>
<cfoutput> <p>Took #finalTick# ms to write. </cfoutput>
<hr> <cfset theFile = expandPath("./data2.txt")> <cfoutput>About to write to #theFile#</cfoutput> <p> <cfflush>
<cfset thisTick = getTickCount()> <cfset fileOb = fileOpen(theFile, "append")> <cfloop index="x" from="1" to="200000"> <cfset fileWriteLine(fileOb, string)> <cfif x mod 1000 is 0> <cfoutput>##</cfoutput> <cfflush> </cfif> </cfloop> <cfset fileClose(fileOb)> <cfset finalTick = getTickCount() - thisTick>
<cfoutput> <p>Took #finalTick# ms to write. </cfoutput>
<hr> <cfset theFile = expandPath("./data3.txt")> <cfoutput>About to write to #theFile#</cfoutput> <p> <cfflush>
<cfset thisTick = getTickCount()> <cfset s = createObject("java","java.lang.StringBuilder")> <cfset newString = string & chr(13)> <cfloop index="x" from="1" to="200000"> <cfset s.append(newString)> <cfif x mod 1000 is 0> <cfoutput>##</cfoutput> <cfflush> </cfif> </cfloop> <cffile action="write" file="#theFile#" output="#s.toString()#"> <cfset finalTick = getTickCount() - thisTick>
<cfoutput> <p>Took #finalTick# ms to write. </cfoutput>
Raymond Camden's Picture
About Raymond Camden
Raymond is a developer advocate for HERE Technologies. He focuses on JavaScript, serverless and enterprise cat demos. If you like this article, please consider visiting my Amazon Wishlist or donating via PayPal to show your support. You can even buy me a coffee!
Lafayette, LA https://www.raymondcamden.com
Comments | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
UPDATE 1-Plunge in German industry output points to weaker growth in Q2
* May industrial output down 1.3 pct mth/mth * Steepest monthly fall since August 2014 * Analysts point to special factors, weaker global demand (Adds analyst, background) By Michael Nienaber BERLIN, July 7 (Reuters) - German industrial output plunged unexpectedly in May, posting its steepest monthly drop since August 2014, data showed on Thursday, suggesting Europe’s largest economy lost steam in the second quarter after its surprisingly strong start to the year. The weak output figures followed data on Wednesday showed that German industrial orders were flat in May, before Britain’s decision to leave the European Union, and were weaker than expected, pointing to an economic slowdown. Economists have warned that Britain’s June 23 decision to leave the 28-member bloc is likely to hit German exports and reduce growth by as much as half a percentage point next year. Industrial output was down 1.3 percent on the month, data from the Economy Ministry showed, below the consensus forecast in a Reuters poll for an unchanged reading. May’s slowdown reflected weaker production of capital goods and manufacturing while the April reading was revised down to a 0.5 percent increase from an initially reported rise of 0.8 percent. “Even before the June data, one thing is clear today: Production will weigh on growth in the second quarter,” Bankhaus Lampe economist Alexander Krueger said, adding the main reason for the poor reading were special factors such as the strong performance in the first three months of the year. He also said there had been weak demand for German industrial goods due to a slowdown in emerging markets. The ministry said May’s poor reading also reflected an unusually high number of holidays in the month. But even in the less volatile period from March to May, industrial output fell 0.5 percent, it said, adding the data pointed to slightly weaker industrial output in the second quarter. Still, it said recently improved sentiment in the sector points to a continuation of an moderate upswing in industry. ING Bank economist Carsten Brzeski said the data increased the risk of a hard landing for the German economy in the second quarter. “However, such an assessment could be too simple. In fact, the latest data only confirm the picture of a two-speed economy,” he said. “While the domestic economy is booming, the former growth engines — exports and industrial production — are weakening. With weaker industrial production, a traditional increase in investment also becomes less likely.” The German economy grew by 0.7 percent in the first quarter, its strongest quarterly rate in two years, with soaring private consumption, higher construction investment and state spending on refugees more than offsetting a dip in foreign trade. For the second quarter, analysts expect German economic growth to slow to around 0.3 percent. Separately, Germany’s DIHK Chambers of Industry and Commerce on Thursday lowered its outlook for German exports to Britain after the Brexit vote. DIHK sees a 1 percent drop in exports to the United Kingdom in 2016, down from its previous forecast of a 5 percent rise. In 2017, it expects German exports to Britain to drop by 5 percent. A poll of some 5,600 firms commissioned by the DIHK showed that 26 percent of respondents were planning to cut jobs in their British units. (Reporting by Michael Nienaber; editing by Madeline Chambers and Jason Neely) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wales v Scotland 14/11/09
The result was delete. Cirt (talk) 14:14, 8 March 2010 (UTC)
Wales v Scotland 14/11/09
AfDs for this article:
* – ( View AfD View log • )
One sporting event This sporting event is in no way notable C T J F 8 3 chat 04:54, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related deletions. ChrisTheDude (talk) 09:43, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
* Delete - one sporting event obviously can be notable (I think our American football editors would be surprised to hear that this year's Superbowl wasn't notable), but this was just a run of the mill match with no particular notability above and beyond any other international football match -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 09:43, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
* Delete This sporting event does not indicate notability. Shadowjams (talk) 10:35, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
* Delete, as peviously stated, nothing noteworthy happened in this game. Standard international match. --Jimbo[online] 12:00, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
* Speedy delete per criterion A7. Not only is this match not notable, but the author has made no attempt to assert notability either. – PeeJay 12:57, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
* Delete - Just a normal common-or-garden friendly match. Nothing to see here. DitzyNizzy (aka Jess) | (talk to me) | (What I've done) 16:20, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
* Delete - it's all been said above. AndrewWTaylor (talk) 23:26, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
* Delete. Non-notable friendly game. --Carioca (talk) 23:40, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
* Delete no assertion of notability, none to be found either.-- Club Oranje T 00:05, 3 March 2010 (UTC)
* Delete - Non-notable friendly match. Clear cut deletion. Sir Sputnik (talk) 02:09, 3 March 2010 (UTC)
* In the name of God, delete! Please lets forget all about it... effing Burley... oh, aye, one off friendly matches don't have separate notability. Not unless it was of lasting significance, eg Scotland v England (1872). Jmorrison230582 (talk) 10:13, 5 March 2010 (UTC)
* Delete--Although I thought any friendly game was notable.Jarhed (talk) 17:55, 6 March 2010 (UTC)
* Delete - Doesn't seem notable enough to warrant a separate article. EuroPride (talk) 13:27, 8 March 2010 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Gianforte to be sworn into House next week after assaulting reporter | TheHill
Rep.-elect Greg Gianforte (R-Mont.), who was sentenced just four days ago for assaulting a reporter, will be sworn in as a House member next Wednesday. A spokeswoman for Speaker Paul RyanPaul Davis RyanEmbattled Juul seeks allies in Washington Ex-Parkland students criticize Kellyanne Conway Latina leaders: 'It's a women's world more than anything' MORE (R-Wis.) and Gianforte’s campaign confirmed that he will take the oath of office on the House floor Wednesday afternoon. He will become a House member after pleading guilty to assaulting Ben Jacobs, a reporter for The Guardian, on the eve of Montana’s special election on May 25. As part of his sentence, Gianforte was ordered to complete 40 hours of community service and 20 hours of anger management counseling. He will also have to pay a $385 fine. Before Monday’s sentencing, Gianforte issued a full apology to Jacobs and agreed to donate $50,000 to the Committee to Protect Journalists. “I am sorry for what I did and the unwanted notoriety this has created for you. I take full responsibility,” Gianforte said in the apology. Jacobs had been asking Gianforte for his thoughts on the Congressional Budget Office analysis of the healthcare bill passed in the House last month. Gianforte proceeded to slam Jacobs to the ground, breaking his glasses in the process. Gianforte’s campaign initially described the altercation as “aggressive behavior from a liberal journalist.” But Gianforte apologized at his victory rally the next day after winning the special election over Democrat Rob Quist to fill Montana’s sole House seat. Gianforte will replace ex-Rep. Ryan Zinke (R-Mont.), who left the House to become President Trump’s secretary of the Interior. Montana certified the special election results on Thursday, which had to be completed before Gianforte could be sworn into office. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:The Professor (1857 Volume 2).djvu/42
That same evening, soon after dinner, a servant brought me a small packet; it was directed in a hand I knew, but had not hoped so soon to see again; being in my own apartment and alone, there was nothing to prevent my immediately opening it; it contained four five-franc pieces, and a note in English.
",
"I came to Mdlle. Reuter's house yesterday, at the time when I knew you would be just about finishing your lesson, and I asked if I might go into the school-room and speak to you. Mdlle. Reuter came out and said you were already gone; it had not yet struck four, so I thought she must be mistaken, but concluded it would be vain to call another day on the same errand. In one sense a note will do as well—it will wrap up the 20 francs, the price of the lessons I have received from you; and if it will not fully express the thanks I owe you in addition | WIKI |
Speed-Power Performance of Ships during Trials and in Service
AuthorsHenk van den Boom, Ivo van der Hout, Maarten Flikkema
Conference/JournalSNAME
DateOct 1, 2008
Where in the past the operational cost of a ship was dominated by crew costs, this is now taken over by the bunker costs due to the ever increasing oil prices. To reduce operational costs, ships should be optimised in fuel efficiency considering environmental conditions and operational parameters. As a first step the speedpower relation should be established by means of speed trials upon delivery by the yard. A transparent and accurate industry standard for conducting and analysing speed trials is discussed. New methods to determinethe added resistance of ships in waves are presented and a consistent practice for speed trials is proposed. The second step in optimizing the vessel performance is to monitor the speed-power performance of the vessel in service. The vessel however is navigating under continuously changing loading and environmental conditions. By a proper analysis of the results and a display to the crew, the in service fuel consumption can be reduced by e.g. optimum trim of the vessel, engine settings or timely cleaning of the propeller.
Tags
stability, seakeeping and ocean engineeringsustainable propulsionresistance and propulsionauthorities and regulatorsdefencepassengers and yachtingtransport and shippingmonitoringtrials and monitoringfull scale | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Winnipeg City Council
The Winnipeg City Council (Conseil municipal de Winnipeg) is the governing body of the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The Council is seated in the Council Building of Winnipeg City Hall.
The composition of the Council consists of fifteen city councillors and a mayor. Each councillor represents an individual ward throughout the city. The mayor is elected every four years by a vote of the entire city.
Overview
Part 3 of The City of Winnipeg Charter legislates the composition of Winnipeg City Council, which currently consists of 15 councillors and the Mayor. Each councillor represents an individual ward while the mayor is elected by a vote of the city-at-large.
Councillors have a dual role: they are members of Council, dealing with decisions that affect the whole city; and members of the Community Committees, dealing with issues within local communities.
Past wards
Into its first civic election on 5 January 1874, Winnipeg had a total of 4 city wards—North, South, East, and West.
The city's wards were reorganized in 1881, with the addition of Fort Rouge as Ward One, and existing wards to the north of the Assiniboine River being reorganized into Wards Two through Six. In 1906, Elmwood was added as Ward Seven in 1906, becoming was the city's first extension across the Red River. These seven wards were collapsed into three in 1920: Wards One and Two became Ward One; Wards Three and Four became Ward Two; and Wards Five, Six, and Seven became Ward Three.
Following the amalgamation of Winnipeg, the new unified Council represented 50 wards.
Early years
Winnipeg officially became incorporated as a city on 8 November 1873, with the passing of An Act to Incorporate the City of Winnipeg by the Manitoba Legislature. Among other things, the Act outlined the essential powers for Winnipeg City Council. The Act also dictated qualifications for candidates who wished to run for mayor or alderman in the city’s first election. They had to be male freeholders or householders; natural born or naturalized subjects of the British Crown; 21 years of age or more; and resident in the city for at least 3 months prior to the election.
With a total of 4 city wards—North, South, East, and West—Winnipeg's first civic election took place on 5 January 1874, resulting in the election of Francis Evans Cornish as the first mayor of Winnipeg. In addition, the city’s first elected aldermen were:
* John Byron More, William Gomez Fonseca, and Alexander Logan — North Ward
* James McLenaghan, Herbert Swinford, Thomas Scott (resigned 12 May 1874), and John Robson Cameron — South Ward
* W. B. Thibaudeau, Andrew Strang, and Robert Mulvey — East Ward
* James H. Ashdown, Archibald Wright, and John Higgins — West Ward
At this time, the mayor was elected for a one-year term; this would remain until 1955, when the term of office for the mayor was changed to two years. The first Winnipeg City Council established standing committees on finance, printing, board of works, markets, fire & water, and assessment. Council subsequently began to establish itself through the passage of by-laws, with 27 by-laws being passed in the city’s first year of incorporation. After the first election, candidates were required to meet a property qualification; this requirement for alderman was abolished in 1918 and for mayoralty candidates in 1920 through a Charter amendment.
The city's wards were reorganized in 1881, with the addition of Fort Rouge as Ward One, and existing wards to the north of the Assiniboine River being reorganized into Wards Two through Six. In 1906, Elmwood was added as Ward Seven in 1906, becoming was the city's first extension across the Red River. These seven wards were collapsed into three in 1920: Wards One and Two became Ward One; Wards Three and Four became Ward Two; and Wards Five, Six, and Seven became Ward Three.
While the norm in the city's early years was for local elected officials to be English Protestants, there were still exceptions who won elections: Arni Frederickson (Ward 5, 1891) and Arni Eggertson (Ward 4, 1906) were Icelandic; Moses Finkelstein and Altar Skaletar (Ward 5, 1912) were Jewish; and Theodore Stefanik (Ward 5, 1911) was the first Ukrainian elected to City Council.
Over a decade after the first election, in 1887, civic suffrage was afforded to women in Winnipeg, 80 of whom being eligible to vote in that year's civic election and 476 in the election of 1888. In regards to holding office, however, women would not able to in Winnipeg until 1916, after which Alice A. Holling in 1917 (Ward 7) became the first woman to run for Council. (Holling lost to Alexander McLennan, 693 to 358.) In December 1920, Jessie Kirk became the first woman elected to Council, serving a two-year term on Council for Ward 2; she was, however, defeated each time in subsequent elections in 1922, 1923, 1926, and 1934.
The 1920 election that elected Jessie Kirk also saw city elections begin to use proportional representation in the form of Single Transferable Voting. There were three six-seat wards, with three elected in alternating years. Each voter casting only one (transferable) vote. Usually mixed crops of councillors were elected in the multi-member wards. PR was used until 1970 for city elections. (STV was also used to elect Winnipeg MLAs from 1920 to 1952.)
The 1922 election elected Edward Parnell as mayor. He is only Winnipeg mayor to die in office, passing on June 9 of the following year.
Metro Winnipeg
In 1955, the Government of Manitoba created the Greater Winnipeg Investigating Commission to look into inter-municipal issues in the Greater Winnipeg area. The Commission took four years and concluded with the recommendation that a strong central government be formed, which resulted in the incorporation of the Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg (Metro Winnipeg) in 1960.
From 1960 until 1971, the Metro Winnipeg administrative system included Winnipeg and 12 other municipalities under a single metropolitan government, in a "two-tier" system in which councillors were elected through single transferable vote. In this framework, each municipality managed their own affairs, levied their own taxes, and took responsibility for local roads, water, and parks. In addition to this, however, an additional metropolitan level of government existed as well, which held responsibility for planning major roads, parks, and water and sewer systems.
In the late 1960s, a reform model was proposed for making this system more efficient and coordinated. Under this model, the coordination of policy and administration was to be facilitated by the close cooperation of a Board of Commissioners, who would act as the senior officers of the city's civil service, and the 50-member City Council with its 3 standing committees (Finance, Environment, and Works and Operations). In order to deliver services at the local level, the city was to be divided into 13 community committee areas, with each community committee composed of the City Councillors within the given community's boundaries.
Unicity
On 27 July 1971, the City of Winnipeg Act incorporated the City of Winnipeg (1874–1971); the rural municipalities of Charleswood, Fort Garry, North Kildonan, and Old Kildonan; the Town of Tuxedo; the cities of East Kildonan, West Kildonan, St. Vital, Transcona, St. Boniface, and St. James-Assiniboia; and the Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg into one city, commonly referred to as unicity.
The unicity system replaced the two-tier metropolitan system with first-past-the-post voting.
The election of the first new Winnipeg City Council was held on 6 October 1971 and the new City came into legal existence on 1 January 1972. Beginning in 1972, the new unified Council consisted of 50 councillors, one elected from each of the city's 50 wards, and a mayor, elected by voters in the city-at-large. The inaugural meeting of the new City Council subsequently took place in the Council Chamber of the Winnipeg Civic Centre on 4 January 1972.
The number of councillors were reduced to 29 part-time councilors in 1977. It was then further reduced to 15 full-time councillors in 1991 when the Government of Manitoba passed Bill 68, which took effect in the 1992 municipal election and has stayed the same for subsequent elections.
Pre-Unicity municipalities
Reeves and mayors of the municipalities within the Greater Winnipeg area prior to their amalgamation into Winnipeg on 27 July 1971.
Committees
Section 63(1) of The City of Winnipeg Charter allows Winnipeg City Council the authority to establish committees of Council. Through by-law, Council is able to delegate powers, duties, or functions to a committee. Committees include standing committees and community committees.
The first Winnipeg City Council established standing committees on finance, printing, board of works, markets, fire & water, and assessment. Council subsequently began to establish itself through the passage of by-laws, with 27 by-laws being passed in the city’s first year of incorporation.
Each of the 15 Councillors represents a ward within Winnipeg, with three wards composing a Community Committee. The five Community Committees of the 2018-2022 period are
* City Centre Community Committee — Daniel McIntyre Ward, River Heights–Fort Garry Ward, and Fort-Rouge–East Fort Garry Ward
* Assiniboia Community Committee — St. James Ward, Charleswood–Tuxedo Ward, and Waverley West
* Lord Selkirk-West Kildonan Community Committee — Mynarski Ward, Point Douglas Ward, and Old Kildonan Ward
* East Kildonan-Transcona Community Committee — North Kildonan Ward, Transcona Ward, and Elmwood-East Kildonan Ward
* Riel Community Committee — St. Boniface Ward, St. Norbert–Seine River Ward, and St. Vital Ward
The Winnipeg City Council has established six standing policy committees for the period of 1 November 2020 to 31 October 2021, some having ad-hoc committees of their own:
* on Infrastructure Renewal and Public Works
* on Innovation and Economic Development
* on Finance
* on Property and Development, Heritage and Downtown Development
* on Protection, Community Services and Parks
* Ad Hoc Committee on Non-Essential Pesticide Reduction
* on Water and Waste, Riverbank Management and the Environment
In addition, the Executive Policy Committee is composed of Mayor Brian Bowman (Chairperson) and Councillors Matt Allard, Jeff Browaty, Scott Gillingham, Cindy Gilroy, Brian Mayes, and Sherri Rollins. This Committee also includes the Ad Hoc Committee on Development Standards.
Boards and commissions
Responsibility over the management and administration of certain public services have been delegated by Winnipeg City Council to autonomous organizations (boards and commissions). These boards and commissions are appointed, wholly or partly, by Council and are granted authority either by the relevant Council by-laws or by Act of the Manitoba Legislature. A majority of these boards and commissions are composed of members of the public, as well as members of Council.
, the following are the existing boards and commissions of Council:
* Assiniboine Park Conservancy Inc.
* Association of Manitoba Municipalities Inc
* Association of Manitoba Bilingual Municipalities
* Board of Adjustment
* Board of Appeal (Local Improvement Assessment Appeals)
* Board of Revision
* Canadian Capital Cities
* Centreport Canada
* Centreventure Development Corporation
* City Council Benefits Board
* Community Emergency Advisory Committee
* Concordia Hospital Board of Directors
* Convention Centre Corporation
* Economic Development Winnipeg Inc.
* EdgeCorp Joint Venture Agreement
* Federation of Canadian Municipalities
* Fire Fighters Museum
* Francophone and Francophile Cities Network
* French Language Services Liaison
* The Forks North Portage Partnership
* General Council of Winnipeg Community Centres (GCWCC) Board of Directors
* Governance Committee of Council
* Heritage Winnipeg Corporation
* Historical Buildings and Resources Committee
* Human Rights Committee of Council
* Library Advisory Committees
* Records Committee
* River Park South Joint Venture Agreement
* Ross House Museum
* Red River Basin Commission
* St. Boniface Museum Board
* St. James-Assiniboia Museum Board
* Grant’s Old Mill (St. James-Assiniboia Pioneer Association Inc.)
* Seven Oaks House Museum Board
* Take Pride Winnipeg
* Transcona Historical Museum Board
* Transcona West Joint Venture Agreement
* Transit Advisory Committee
* Urban Design Advisory Committee
* Vehicle for Hire Appeal Board
* Winnipeg Airports Authority Board
* Winnipeg Art Gallery Board of Governors
* Winnipeg Arts Council Inc.
* Winnipeg Building Commission
* Winnipeg Committee For Safety
* Winnipeg Enterprises Corporation
* Winnipeg Food Council
* Winnipeg Housing Rehabilitation Corporation
* Winnipeg Housing Steering Committee
* Winnipeg Metropolitan Region
* Winnipeg Police Board
* Winnipeg Police Pension Board
* Winnipeg Public Library Board | WIKI |
Mayfield School, East Sussex
Mayfield School, previously St Leonards-Mayfield School, is an independent Catholic boarding and day school for girls aged 11 to 18. It is in the village of Mayfield in East Sussex. The school was founded by Mother Cornelia Connelly, S.H.C.J., in 1872, with the oldest buildings dating from the 14th century.
History
Mayfield School has its origins in the Convent of the Holy Child Jesus school at St Leonards-on-Sea. Mother Cornelia Connelly of the Society of the Holy Child Jesus chanced upon the Old Palace at the idyllic village of Mayfield. At that time Louisa Caton, the Duchess of Leeds (widow of Francis D'Arcy-Osborne, 7th Duke of Leeds) had requested Mother Connelly to take her in as a nun. Despite her efforts Mother Connelly remained unimpressed. The Duchess then turned her attention to setting up orphanages. She purchased the Mayfield estate which included the Old Palace and presented it to the Society. On the morning of 18 November 1863 Mass was celebrated at Mayfield for the first time since the mid-16th century. The original school at St Leonards and the new school at Mayfield merged in 1953 to form the current school. The junior school was closed in 1975 and St Leonards-Mayfield thus became solely a senior school. In March 2015 the school changed its name to Mayfield School, but it retains its links with the SHCJ. The teachers are mostly lay staff but the nuns still maintain a presence as members of the Board of Governors and pastoral care staff.
Old Palace
The Old Palace was originally a holiday residence of the Archbishops of Canterbury during the 14th and 15th centuries. During the Reformation, it was handed over to King Henry VIII who gave it to several leading noblemen of his day. Thomas Gresham lived there and Queen Elizabeth I was among his guests at the Old Palace. It was bought by the Baker family, a prominent family in the iron foundry industry. As the iron industry began to decline, so did the family's fortunes. The Old Palace became derelict and abandoned by the mid 18th century. It has since been designated a Grade I listed building.
Location and facilities
The school has a fourteenth century chapel built for the Archbishops of Canterbury and a concert hall designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. The sports facilities include an all-weather pitch, eight all-weather tennis and netball courts, an indoor swimming pool and a riding arena. The school has music rooms, ceramics and arts studios and a dance hall. There is also a science block.
Links with other Holy Child schools
The Society of the Holy Child Jesus still runs a network of schools across its three provinces: Europe, Africa and America.
Mayfield has links with other Holy Child Schools. In 2010 children from the Cornelia Connelly School in Anaheim, California visited Mayfield and the headmistress visited Holy Child College in Ikoyi, Nigeria.
Former pupils
Former pupils of Mayfield and her sister Holy Child Schools which are now closed are known as Old Cornelians, named after Mother Cornelia Connelly who founded the Society of the Holy Child Jesus. They include:
* Anouk Aimée
* Sophia Bennett
* Lindka Cierach
* Emily Craig
* Alondra de la Parra
* Maeve Gilmore
* Caroline Goodall
* Dione Gordon-Finlay
* Olivia Hetreed
* Judith Kazantzis
* Ann Leslie
* Helena Little
* Victoria de Marichalar y Borbón
* Clare McLaren-Throckmorton
* Therese Vanier
* Folu Storms | WIKI |
Page:The Elizabethan stage (Volume 2).pdf/473
was once worth £100 a year, could now not be let at all. It is doubtful whether they got any relief. They had a new patent on 24 November 1608; but about 1612 they sent up another petition in very similar terms. A grant of £42 10s. and 12d. a day had, indeed, been made them in March 1611 for keeping a lion and two white bears. But this was probably menagerie work and quite apart from the baiting. They continued as joint Masters until Henslowe's death in 1616, when the whole office passed to Alleyn in survivorship.
When baiting seemed desirable to the soul of the sovereign, the 'game' was generally brought to the Court, wherever the Court might happen to be. The rewards of the Treasurer of the Chamber were most often for attendances in the Christmas holidays or at Whitsuntide. But the game might be called for at any time to add lustre to the entertainment of an ambassador or other distinguished visitor to Court. Thus on 25 May 1559 French ambassadors dined with Elizabeth, 'and after dener to bear and bull baytyng, and the Quens grace and the embassadurs stod in the galere lokyng of the pastym tyll vj at nyght'. Later French embassies of 1561, 1572, 1581, and 1599, and a Danish embassy of 1586 were similarly honoured. The custom continued during the next reign. On 19 August 1604 there was a grand banquet at Whitehall for Juan Fernandez de Velasco, Constable of Castile, on the completion of peace between England and Spain, and thereafter a ball, and after the ball 'all then took | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Vorpzn/Archive
Suspected sockpuppets
* User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
* Editor interaction utility
Abusive IP out of nowhere. Wonder if it could be a sock after yesterday's WP:AN and block of ? Andy Dingley (talk) 13:41, 14 February 2018 (UTC)
* Also: simple:Special:Contributions/<IP_ADDRESS> Andy Dingley (talk) 13:53, 14 February 2018 (UTC)
Comments by other users
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
* On the basis of behaviour it's very likely, so much so that the IP has already been blocked. Ivanvector (Talk/Edits) 14:03, 14 February 2018 (UTC)
* Also I'm extending the master's block for block evasion and crosswiki harassment. Ivanvector (Talk/Edits) 14:07, 14 February 2018 (UTC)
Suspected sockpuppets
* User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
* Editor interaction utility
Obvious troll is obvious (see latest IP sock) Andy Dingley (talk) 11:56, 15 February 2018 (UTC)
Comments by other users
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
* Blocked. Their last IP was an open proxy, this one should be checked too. Ivanvector (Talk/Edits) 12:03, 15 February 2018 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Dod's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage etc. of Great Britain and Ireland.djvu/577
553 PEERS, BARONETS, BISHOPS, PRIVY COUNSELLORS [VERNON Agriculture since 1914; J .P., CO., Bucks. The 1st Bt. Sir Harry Calvert, was a gen. and adj. -gen. to the Forces. The 2nd Bt., who was brother-in-law to Miss Florence Nightingale, assumed the name of Verney in lieu of Calvert on inheriting the estates of Mary Verney, Baroness Fermanagh (extinct). He was a P.C., and sat in the House of Commons for fifty years. Residence — Claydon House, Bucks. Clubs — Bachelors' ; Brooks's. Issue — Mar j one. The Rt. Hon. Maj. Sir H.rry Verney, 2nd Bt., D.L., Gren. Gds., b. 8 Doc. 1801 ; M.P. for Bucks 1832- 41, and 1880-5 ; m. 1st, 30 June, 1835, Eliza (d. 2 Jan. 1857), dau. of Adm. Sir George Hope, K.C.B. ; m. 2nd, 24 June, 1858, Frances Parthenope (d. 12 May, 1890), dau. of William Edward Nightingale, of Enibley, Hants, and d. 12 Feb. 1894. Issue by 1st in.— 1. Capt. Sir Edmund Hope Verney, 3rd Bt., R.N., F.E..G.S., b. 6 April, 1838 ; M.P. for North Bucks 1885-6, and 1889-91 ; served in Crimean war 1854-5 (medal, Sebastopol clasp, and Turkish medal), in Indian Mutiny 1857-8 (medal, Lucknow clasp, men- tioned in despatches) ; m. 14 Jan. 1868, MARGARET M.iRlA (Residences — RManva, Menai Bridge ; Plas Rhoscolyu, Holyhead), dau. of Sir John Hay- Williams, 2nd Bt., and d. 8 May, 1910. Issue— 1. Sir Harry Culvert Williams Verney, pres. Bt. 1. Ellin, m. 20 Oct. 1897, Maj. William Henry Salmon, late King's Roy. Ritles, and lias issue. Resit' enco — 6, Ladbroke Gardens, W. 2. Ruth Florence. 2. The late Col. George Hope Lloyd- Verney, 3rd Hampshire Regt., b. 5 March, 1842 ; assumed the additional name of Lloyd 1888 ; m. 23 Oct. 1866, Harriet Julia Morforwyn (d. 31 July, 1913), dau. of Maj .-Gen. Charles Thomas Edward Hiude, Bengal Army, and d. 14 June, 1896. Issue — 1. Harry Lloyd Verney, M.V.O., Heir Pres., b. 23 Jan. 1872 ; m. 6 June, 1899, Lady Joan Elisabeth Mary. dau. of 5th Earl of Desart ; formerly lieut. Bucks Rifle Vol. ; late Gent. Usher to King Edward, and dep.-mastcr of the Household ; groom- in-waiting to the King since 1911 ; late in Foreign _ Office and assist, priv. sec. to Sec. of State for Foreign "Affairs (Marq. of Lansdowne). Residences — 1, Rutland Gardens, S.M. ; Clochfarn, Llanidloes, N. Wales. Clubs — JIarlborough ; Travellers' ; Bachelors'. Issue — 1. Gerald Harry George Lloyd Verney, b. 10 July, 1900 ; page of lionour to the King since 1914. 2. UUck Otway Vortigern Lloyd Verney, b. 30 June, 1902. 3. Desmond Ralph Lloyd Verney, b. 21 Jan. 1905. 1. Joan Vercna. 1. Morforwyn Mary Levison, m. 30 Aug. 1904, Rev. Gerald Charles Fanshaw, M.A., vie. of Godalming, and has issue. 13. The late Frederick Wilham Verney, b. 26 Feb. 1846 ; M.P. for North Bucks 1906-10 ; M.A. Oxford ; Barr.- at-law ; m. 8 June, 1870, Maude Sarah (Residence — Botolph House, AVinslow, Bucks), dau. and co-lieiress of Sir John Hay- Williams, 2nd Bt., of Bodelwyddan, and d. 26 April, 1913. Issue— 1. Capt. Ralph Verney, Rifle Brig., b. 25 May, 1879 ; late priv. sec. to Gov. of N.S.W. ; m. 11 Nov. 1909, Janettc, dau. of Senator, the Hon. J. T. Walker, of Sydney, N.S.W. Issue — John Verney, b. 30 Sept. 1913. 1. Gwendolen. 2. Kathleen, m. 10 April, 1912, Frank Graham Newton, of Brisbane, and has issue. VERNON, 8th Baron. Creat. 12 May, 1762 ■G.B.). — George Augustus Francis Venables- Vernon, s. of 7th Baron. B. 27 Sept. 1888; sue. his father 1898; capt. Derbyshire Y. Residences — Sudbury Hall, Derby ; 25, Curzon Street, W. ■George John Warren, 5th B.^ron Vernon, b. 22 June, 1803 ; m. 1st. 30 Oct. 1824, Isobella Caroline (d. 14 Oct. 1853), dau. of Cuthbert Ellison ; m. 2nd, 14 Dec. 1859, Frances Maria Emma (m. 2nd, 19 July, 1881, Rev. Cliarles Matyn Reed, and d. 29 May, 1907), dau. of Rev. Brooke Boothby. and d. 31 May, 1866. Issue — 1. ArausTUS Henry Warren-Vernon, 6th B.eon Vernon, b. 1 Feb. 1829 ; m. 7 June, 1856, Lady Harriet Anson (d. 15 Feb. 1898), dau. of Thomas, 1st Earl of Lichfleld, and d. 1 May, 1883. Issue— 1. George William Henry Warren-Venables- Vernon, 7th Baron Vernon, b. 25 Feb. 1854 ; m. 14 July, 1885, FRANCES Margaret (Residence — Pau, France), dau. of F. C. Lawrance.of New York, and d. 15 Dec. 1890. Issue — 1. George Francis Augustus Venables- Ver- non, pres. Baron. 2. Lieut. Hon. Francis William Lawrance Venables-Vernon, R.N., Heir Pres., b. 6 Nov. 1889. 1. Hon. Fanny Lawrance, m. 15 June, 1910, Maurice Raoul Duval, and has issue. 2. The late Hon. William Frederick Cuthbert Venables-Vernon, b. 18 July, 1856; m. 17 April, 1884, Louisa, dau. of late Brig.-Gen. Frost, U.S.A. Army, and d. 2 Aug. 1913. Issue — 1. Richard Henry Venables-Vernon, b. 27 Jan. 1885. 2. William Walter Venables-Vernon, b. 22 April, 1890. 1. Hon. Diana, m. 4 May, 1896, Charles Edmund Newton, who d. 2 July, 1908. 2. Hon. Mildred, m. 2 Nov. 1878, Hon. Henry Augustus Stanhope {see St. hope, Earl of), 3. Hon. Alice, m. 1 Feb. 1896, Rev. Somerset Corry Lowry, and has issue. 4. Hon. Adela, m. 9 April, 1896, Rear-Adm. Alger- non Horatio Anson (see Anson, Bt.). 2. Hon. William John Borlase-Warren-Venables- Vernon, b. 1 April, 1834 ; m. 1st, 8 April, 1855, Agnes Lucy (d. 30 Sept. 1881), dau. of Sir John Peter Boileau, 1st Bt. ; m. 2nd, 25 Feb. 1884, Annie Georgina, dau. of Charles Eyre, of Welford, Berks. Residence— 105, Cadogan Gardens, S.W. Clubs — Athenaeum ; Travel- lers'. Issue by 1st m. — 1. The late Reginald William Borlase-Warren- Veuables- Vernon, b. 27 Jan. 1856 ; m. 20 May, 1879, Edith Georgina Cowper, dau. of William Smith Cowper Cooper, of Toddington Manor. Bedford, and d. 26 April, 1912. Issue— 1. Agnes Ida. li. Mabel EveUne, m. 17 Feb. 1909, Frank Southly Walker. Issue by 2nd m. — 1. Mary Anne Alice, m. 3 Dec. 1909, Maj. Frederick Ernest Wilson, I. M.S. Residence — Quetta, Balu- chistan. 1. Hon. Caroline Maria, m. 7 May, 1845, Rev. Frederick Anson, Canon of Windsor, who d. 9 Sept. 1885. Resi- dence — Carfax, Windsor. VERNON, 1st Bt., of Hanbury (U.K.). Creat. 23 July, 1885. — Sir Harry Foley' Vernon, s. of late Thomas Tayler Vernon, by Jessie Anna Letitia, dau. of John Herbert Foley, of Ridgeway, Pembroke. B. at Hanbury, Worcester, 11 April, 1834 ; m. 17 Oct. 1861, Lady Georgina Sophia Baillie-Hamilton, dau. of 10th Earl of Haddington ; ed. at Harrow and Oxford, M.A. ; M.P. for East Worcestershire 1861-8; D.L., J.P., C.A., Worcester (High Sheriff 1873), and was for 14 years col. 2nd Worcestershire R.V. ; hon. col. (ret. ) Queen's Own Worcestershire Hussars ; mily. memb. Worcester Terr. Force Assocn. Residon,ce — Hanbury Hall, Droitwich. Ckib — Oxford and Cambridge. Issue — Bowater George Hamilton Vernon, Heir, b. 12 Sept. 1865 ; m. 9 Nov. 1905, Doris, dau. of James H. Allan, of The Wood House, Shrawley ; ed. at Eton ; capt. Worcestershire Yeo. since 1908 : served in S. African war with Rimington's Guides 1900-1. Residence — Hanbury Forest, Bromsgrove. Club — Cavalry. Auda Lretitia. VERNON, 1st Bt. Creat. 24 Jan. 1914.— Sir William Vernon, s. of late John Vernon, of Fole, Chockley, and Rudyard, Horton, Staffordshire, and Elizabeth, dau. of late John Allen, of Lazenby, Cumberland. B. 13 Dec. 1835; m. 30 July, 1857, Jane Margaret, dau. of Thomas Cooper, of Fulford Hall, Staffs. Resi- dence — Shotwick Park, near Chester. Issue — 1. John Herbert Vernon, Heir, b. 12 July, 1858 ; m. 1 June, 1889, Elizabeth, dau. of John Bagnall, of Tean Leys, Staffs. Residence — Eastliam House, Cheshire. Issue — 1. William Norman Vernon, b. 19 April, 1890. 2. Herbert Douglas Vernon, b. 4 Jan. 1893. 3. Humphrey Bagnall Vernon, b. 5 July, 1895. 4. John Stafford Vernon, b. 4 March, 1900. 1. Nina Elizabeth Margaret. 2. WiUiam Allen Vernon, b. 10 Nov. 1860 ; m. 9 Aug. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Charlie Butt 2
The result of the debate was keep. - Mailer Diablo 03:27, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
Charlie Butt
Relisting; not enough discussion at Articles for deletion/Charlie Butt. Mt personal view is delete. The Land 19:19, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
* You are not relisting it, but in effect nominating it again after having closed the old discussion. I suggest re-opening the old discussion and relisting that (as is usually done). u p p l a n d 20:17, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
* Keep and expand. World champion coach. -- JJay 22:50, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
* Keep as per above Jcuk 23:14, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
* Keep & label as stub for expansion. Not my area but he list of achievements clearly shows he's notable Kcordina 13:23, 9 January 2006 (UTC)
* Keep leader of his sport -Drdisque 02:24, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Methods
Table of Contents
create
Creates a new PageObject.
By default, the resulting PageObject will respond to:
• Actions: click, clickOn, fillIn, select
• Predicates: contains, isHidden, isPresent, isVisible
• Queries: text
definition can include a key context, which is an optional integration test this context.
If a context is passed, it is used by actions, queries, etc., as the this in this.$().
If no context is passed, the global Ember acceptence test helpers are used.
Parameters
• definitionOrUrl
• definitionOrOptions
• optionsOrNothing
• definition Object PageObject definition
• definition.context Object? A test’s this context
• options Object [private] Ceibo options. Do not use!
Examples
// <div class="title">My title</div>
import PageObject, { text } from 'ember-cli-page-object';
const page = PageObject.create({
title: text('.title')
});
assert.equal(page.title, 'My title');
// <div id="my-page">
// My super text
// <button>Press Me</button>
// </div>
const page = PageObject.create({
scope: '#my-page'
});
assert.equal(page.text, 'My super text');
assert.ok(page.contains('super'));
assert.ok(page.isPresent);
assert.ok(page.isVisible);
assert.notOk(page.isHidden);
assert.equal(page.value, 'my input value');
// clicks div#my-page
page.click();
// clicks button
page.clickOn('Press Me');
// fills an input
page.fillIn('name', 'John Doe');
// selects an option
page.select('country', 'Uruguay');
Defining path
const usersPage = PageObject.create('/users');
// visits user page
usersPage.visit();
const userTasksPage = PageObject.create('/users/tasks', {
tasks: collection({
itemScope: '.tasks li',
item: {}
});
});
// get user's tasks
userTasksPage.visit();
userTasksPage.tasks().count
Returns PageObject | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
×
zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
Dual Banach algebras: Connes-amenability, normal, virtual diagonals, and injectivity of the predual bimodule. (English) Zbl 1087.46035
Let \(A\) be a Banach algebra. \(A\) is called a dual Banach algebra if it is a dual Banach \(A\)-module. Dual Banach algebras include every von Neumann algebra and the measure algebra \(M(G)\) of a locally compact group \(G\). A dual Banach algebra \(A\) is called Connes-amenable if every weak\(^*\)-continuous derivation from \(A\) into a normal, dual Banach \(A\)-bimodule is inner. Connes-amenability was introduced by B. E. Johnson, R. V. Kadison and J. Ringrose for von Neumann algebras [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 100, 73–96 (1972; Zbl 0234.46066)]. Connes-amenability is equivalent to injectivity and semidiscreteness for von Neumann algebras.
For the measure algebra \(M(G)\), it was shown by the author that the measure algebra \(M(G)\) is Connes-amenable if and only if \(G\) is compact [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 67, No. 3, 643–656 (2003; Zbl 1040.22002)]. In the present paper, the author considers the following three properties of a dual Banach algebra: (i) \(A\) is Connes-amenable; (ii) \(A\) has a normal, virtual diagonal; (iii) \(A_*\) is an injective \(A\)-bimodule. He shows that (iii) implies (ii) and thus (i). However, the converse need not hold in general. This is done by considering the measure algebra \(M(G)\) of an infinite amenable locally compact group \(G\). It answers a question of A. Ya. Helemskii. These conditions are also studied for the Fourier Stieltjes algebra \(B(G)\) for certain \(G\).
MSC:
46H05 General theory of topological algebras
43A10 Measure algebras on groups, semigroups, etc.
43A20 \(L^1\)-algebras on groups, semigroups, etc.
PDF BibTeX XML Cite
Full Text: DOI arXiv | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
# _________________________________________________________________________ # # Coopr: A COmmon Optimization Python Repository # Copyright (c) 2008 Sandia Corporation. # This software is distributed under the BSD License. # Under the terms of Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 with Sandia Corporation, # the U.S. Government retains certain rights in this software. # For more information, see the Coopr README.txt file. # _________________________________________________________________________ __all__ = [] from manager import * from solver import * class SolverManager_Serial(AsynchronousSolverManager): def clear(self): """ Clear manager state """ AsynchronousSolverManager.clear(self) self._ah_list = [] self._opt = None def _perform_queue(self, ah, *args, **kwds): """ Perform the queue operation. This method returns the ActionHandle, and the ActionHandle status indicates whether the queue was successful. """ if 'opt' in kwds: self._opt = kwds['opt'] del kwds['opt'] if self._opt is None: raise ActionManagerError, "Undefined solver" self.results[ah.id] = self._opt.solve(*args, **kwds) ah.status = ActionStatus.done self._ah_list.append(ah) return ah def _perform_wait_any(self): """ Perform the wait_any operation. This method returns an ActionHandle with the results of waiting. If None is returned then the ActionManager assumes that it can call this method again. Note that an ActionHandle can be returned with a dummy value, to indicate an error. """ if len(self._ah_list) > 0: return self._ah_list.pop() return ActionHandle(error=True, explanation="No queued evaluations available in the 'local' solver manager, which only executes solvers synchronously") SolverManagerRegistration("serial", SolverManager_Serial) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
'Slap of the century': Palestinians reject Trump Mideast plan
RAMALLAH/GAZA (Reuters) - Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas called U.S. President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan the “slap of the century” on Tuesday as thousands of Palestinians held protests in Gaza and the West Bank. The Islamist group Hamas said it would confront Trump’s “aggressive” proposals and accused him of talking “nonsense” about Jerusalem. Confounding some predictions, Trump’s plan proposed a “two-state” solution to the decades-long conflict, which envisages Israel and a future Palestinian state living alongside each other, with conditions. The plan would see a Palestinian state with its capital in “eastern Jerusalem”, though in an area cut off from much of the city by an Israeli military barrier. Palestinians reject any proposal that would not see a Palestinian capital in all of East Jerusalem, which includes the walled Old City and numerous sites holy to Muslims, Jews and Christians. Trump, in his remarks at the White House earlier on Tuesday, said that Jerusalem would remain the undivided capital of Israel. “I say to Trump and (Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin) Netanyahu: Jerusalem is not for sale, all our rights are not for sale and are not for bargain. And your deal, the conspiracy, will not pass,” Abbas said in a televised address in Ramallah in the Israeli-occupied West Bank. Abbas said it was “impossible for any Palestinian, Arab, Muslim or Christian child to accept” a state without Jerusalem. Israel captured the eastern part of the city along with the West Bank and Gaza in a 1967 war. The Palestinians would only accept negotiations based on international law and supported by U.N. Security Council resolutions, said Abbas, whose Palestinian Authority has limited self-rule in parts of the West Bank. The plan proposes setting up a Palestinian capital in the urban sprawl to the north and east of a concrete wall that Israel built through East Jerusalem more than a decade ago, during the last Palestinian uprising. “This physical barrier should remain in place and should serve as a border between the capitals of the two parties,” the document says. Hamas, whose stronghold is in Gaza, was scathing. “Trump’s statement is aggressive and it will spark a lot of anger,” Hamas official Sami Abu Zuhri told Reuters. “Trump’s statement about Jerusalem is nonsense and Jerusalem will always be a land for the Palestinians ... The Palestinians will confront this deal and Jerusalem will remain a Palestinian land,” Abu Zuhri added. In Gaza City, Palestinians burned tyres and chanted: “Trump is a fool”. “We came here to reject this deal, the American deal of shame. The United States is responsible for all destruction in the Arab world,” said Tamer Al-Madhoun, a protester. Warning of “widespread calls for demonstrations”, the U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem moved to restrict U.S. government employees and their families from traveling to much of Jerusalem’s Old City, which sits in the city’s east, as well as several Palestinian cities and areas of the occupied West Bank. (This story adds dropped “on Tuesday” to lead.) Reporting by Ali Sawafta in Ramallah and Nidal al-Mughrabi in Gaza; Writing by Rami Ayyub in Jerusalem; Editing by Timothy Heritage and Alex Richardson | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
2019–20 Scarlets season
The 2019–20 season was the 16th season in the history of the Scarlets, a Welsh regional rugby union side based in Llanelli, Carmarthenshire. They competed in the Pro14 and, having failed the previous season to qualify for the Champions Cup for the first time in their history, the Challenge Cup.
It was the team's first and only season under head coach Brad Mooar, who was assisted by defence coach Glenn Delaney and assistant attack coach Richard Whiffin, after Wayne Pivac departed to take charge of the Wales national team. On the 24th of December 2019, it was announced that Mooar would leave the Scarlets at the end of the season to join the New Zealand All Blacks' coaching team.
On 12 March 2020, the season was indefinitely suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The regular season resumed on 22 August 2020, with the number of rounds reduced from 21 to 15 and any games postponed prior to the indefinite suspension of the season being deemed as 0–0 draws and both teams awarded two points. Rounds 14 and 15 took place as derbies for each Welsh region, with the top two teams in each conference progressing to the semi-final stage. Delaney was appointed as head coach after Mooar's departure and took charge of the games in August and September 2020.
Table
Conference B
Statistics
(+ in the Apps column denotes substitute appearance, positions listed are the ones they have started a game in during the season)
Stats correct as of 19 September 2020 | WIKI |
Oxhey Chapel
Oxhey Chapel is a redundant Anglican chapel in Oxhey, Hertfordshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. The chapel stands, surrounded by 1940s housing in South Oxhey between a modern church and its vicarage, some 2 mi south of the centre of Watford.
History
The chapel was built in 1612 by Sir James Altham as a private chapel for his family and staff who lived nearby at Oxhey Place. It is probably on the site of an earlier monastic church. In 1649 during the Civil War following the Battle of Uxbridge, it was used by Cromwell's Parliamentary forces as a store and a barracks. During this time they damaged the chapel, took lead from the roof to make musket balls, and created a new door in the east wall. In 1688 Sir John Bucknall became the owner of the house. He blocked the east door and added a reredos to the east end of the chapel. The wood for this came from the house which he had largely rebuilt. In 1704 a bellcote and a hipped, tiled roof were added to the chapel. The interior was restored in 1712, and the reredos was whitewashed. The chapel was used for worship until 1799, but after that it was used for storage.
In 1852 it was restored for T. Estcourt to be used again for worship by those living in the nearby hamlet. The whitewash was removed from the reredos, and the old pews and pulpit were replaced. In 1897 vestries were added, the windows were restored and the pews were rearranged in collegiate manner. This was paid for by the owner of Oxhey Place at that time, Thomas Blackwell, the co-founder of Crosse & Blackwell, the architect being J. E. K. Cutts. During the 20th century the fabric of the chapel deteriorated, and in the winter of 1962–63 part of the roof fell in. Repairs were carried out, including complete replacement of the roof and the bellcote. Although the chapel returned into use, it was eventually declared redundant, and in 1977 was vested in the Redundant Church Fund, the forerunner of the Churches Conservation Trust. It is still consecrated and is used at times for weddings.
Exterior
Oxhey Chapel is constructed in knapped flint and red brick, arranged in alternating squares forming a chequerwork pattern. The dressings are in stone, and the roof is tiled. Its plan is that of a rectangle with a narthex projecting to the west. The entrance has a moulded Tudor arched surround, with the date 1897 in the spandrels. On each side of the narthex is a two-light window, and above it is a four-light window. Above this is a stone cornice, and a brick gable with a stone coping. On the roof is a 20th-century octagonal wooden bellcote, with an ogee-headed cupola. At the corners of the chapel are stone quoins. Along the north and south sides are three-light windows, and a brick parapet. Between the windows on the north side is a 19th-century brick buttress. At the east end is a four-light window, above which is a brick gable containing a plaque with the dates 1612 and 1963.
Interior
The chapel contains a double row of stalls facing each other in collegiate fashion. The west door is surrounded by a doorcase consisting of carved Corinthian pilasters and an entablature. The reredos contains two twisted Solomonic columns framing panels containing the Ten Commandments, and outside them are panels with the Lord's Prayer and the Creed. At the top of the reredos is an open pediment enclosing a flaming urn. Above the central panels is a cartouche, and over the side panels are smaller closed pediments. The sanctuary is paved with black and white marble. The roof is in five bays. The wooden font dates from the 17th century. It has an octagonal base, a richly carved circular bowl, and a dome-shaped cover. From the roof hangs an eight-branch candelabrum. In the chapel is a wall tomb to Sir James Altham, who died in 1616, and his last wife Helen, who died in 1638. It consists of two praying figures facing each other in an alabaster and marble frame, consisting of Corinthian columns and an open segmental pediment containing a cartouche flanked by obelisks. At the west end is a marble memorial tablet to John Askill Bucknall dated 1797 by C. Regnant. | WIKI |
SEARCH
SEARCH BY CITATION
Keywords:
• Cladosporium herbarum;
• fungi;
• allergen. IgE. hsp 70;
• molecular cloning. cDNA sequence;
• immunoblotting
Summary
Background Extracts of Clado.sporium herharum, a major source of fungal aeroaller-gens. exhibit a complex profile of IgE-binding proteins. Yields of conventionally purified allergens from this mold have been insufficient to permit further molecular analyses.
Objective To enhance and simplify the purification of allergens from C. herbarum, we have sought to use recombinant DNA techniques to clone, identify and bacterialiy express immunoselected C. herbarum allergens.
Methods We constructed a cDNA library in AZAP II using mRNA isolated from C. herbarum. From this library, phage clones encoding a new allergen were immunoselected using pooled human atopic IgE. The cloned cDNA was excised from the phage vector asa recombinant pBluescript II SK-phagemid und sequenced. Expression of the recombinant allergen was carried out in E. coli XLl-blue transformants of the phagemid. Bacterial lysates from cells induced to express the cloned allergen were immunoblotted and probed with individual human atopic IgEs.
Results The cDNA clone encodes a 278 amino acid polypeptide homologous to the C-terminal portion of 70 kDa heat shock protein (hsp 70). The polypeptide possesses features common to other hsps 70. i.e. a similar hydropathic profile and a variable C-terminal region with conserved sequence at the very C-terminus. Binding of the recombinant peptide to IgE from 38% of atopic sera or plasma from individuals allergic to C. herbarum was demonstrated.
Conclusion These results indicate that amino acid substitutions are relatively conserved even in the variable C-tcrminal regions ofhsp 70 species. Thus, this study should draw attention to the possibility of induction of anaphylactic responses in a sensitized individual when hsp 70 from any pathogenic species is administered for vaccination. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- Colombia Peso Falls on Concern Inflows May Be Less Than Expected
Colombia ’s peso fell the most since
August on speculation investors overestimated the amount of
foreign investment flows coming into the Andean country. The peso depreciated 0.6 percent to 1,777.70 per U.S.
dollar at the close of trading in Bogota, the biggest drop since
Aug. 15. The peso reached 1,750.50 on Jan. 2, the strongest
intraday level since July 2011. “People are realizing the move we saw earlier this year in
the peso was exaggerated,” Camilo Perez , the head analyst at
Banco de Bogota SA, the country’s second-biggest bank, said in a
phone interview from Bogota. “So far we haven’t been seeing the
strong inflows that justified the rally.” Finance Minister Mauricio Cardenas told reporters last week
that the government will use “all its ammunition” to stem
gains in the peso, which are making the nation’s coffee, flower
and banana exporters less competitive. He ruled out capital
controls , which he said aren’t effective. The yield on Colombia’s 10 percent peso-denominated debt
due in 2024 fell one basis point, or 0.01 percentage point, to
5.29 percent, according to the central bank. That is the lowest
level on a closing basis since the government began issuing the
securities in 2009. Colombia sold $1 billion of 10-year dollar bonds today to
yield 2.718 percent, Public Credit Director Maria Fernanda
Suarez said in an interview. Investor demand was more than three
times the amount offered, she said. Deutsche Bank AG and Goldman
Sachs Group Inc. managed the sale. To contact the reporter on this story:
Andrea Jaramillo in Bogota at
ajaramillo1@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
David Papadopoulos at
papadopoulos@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
FAQ:
Modals REV A, REV B, REV C, REV D, REV E, REV P1, REV P2, 00, 01, 02 are they all compatible with each other?
Yes! They are different board modals, but they are compatible! We will ship you a randomly selected model. Please leave a message if you wish to receive a specific modal, thank you!
Additional information (Main Controller IC, PCB Label) doesn't match, does it matter ?
No ! Theses details are here for reference, but the same PCB models can have different components, what matters is PCB number
Is this PCB compatible with my HDD ?
We cannot list all HDD models compatible with all PCBs. To find the matching HDD PCB you can unscrew your HDD and find the correct "PCB number". In general a Hard Disk PCB is compatible a whole family of hard drives with different capacities : 20G, 30G, 40G, 60G, 80G, 120G, 160G, 200G, 250G, 300G, 320G, 400G, 500G, 750G, 1TB, 1.5TB, 2TB, 3TB, 4TB.
PCB Toshiba G003250A
€49.90
Quantity
Supplier Stock, 2 week delay
Before buying :
1. These are just PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards), not the whole HDDs (Hard Disk Drives);
2. The aim of a PCB swap is data recovery, or hard disk repair,
3. The buyer is responsible for finding the right PCB for their Hard Drive,
4. You will benefit from a 14-day return period,
5. In most cases, you should transfer the BIOS before you swap hard drive PCB, in order to make the replacement board compatible with your HDD. See services below.Transfer possible by Flashing and/or Soldering.
6. Hard drive failures are not always caused by PCB failure. We cannot guarantee your drive will be repaired by replacing the hard drive PCB.
Toshiba
G003250A
Data sheet
With ROM Chip
Yes
Interface
SATA
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The sand sinks to the bottom. For answering this question, you should recall what homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures are. dirt -heterogeneous A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the components that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture. A scientist was studying the effects of oil ⦠chunky peanut butter - heterogeneous. It is an emulsion which consists of fine particles of water and oil. physical change. Water and oil heterogenous or homogeneous 1 See answer lynnebumz3 lynnebumz3 Answer: heterogeneous si a water and oil. Chalk powder in water is a heterogeneous mixture. Here are 10 examples of heterogeneous mixtures: Cereal in milk is a great example of a heterogeneous mixture. ... bottle of vegetable oil. c. Oil with water is a mixture of two compounds: oil and water. This mixture of various materials makes it heterogeneous. The composition of the mixture is the same throughout. Each of the layers is called a phase. Can you determine whether each mixture is (o) homogeneous or (e) heterogeneous*? When oil and water are combined, they do not mix evenly, but instead form two separate layers. Air with mists is heterogeneous, as the mists contain small beads of fluid water. community health problems 7 the principal element that makes up an organic comounds is clam is a anthropods? So this depends on the concentration of the mixture. Is mayonnaise homogeneous or heterogeneous? A colloid is a homogeneous arrangement with moderate molecule measure between an answer and a suspension. A heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases. If water and sand are placed in a container, the latter sinks to the bottom. Homogeneous mixtures are sources of water, saline solution, some alloys, and bitumen. jello gelatin. Concrete is a heterogeneous mixture. So now based on the above details will classify the given mixtures as homogenous and heterogenous. Oil and water do not mix, instead forming two distinct layers called phases. A pure substance or a homogeneous mixture consists of a single phase. It is the medium in which all livingprocesses occur. This makes it obviously heterogeneous. Classify Each Mixture As Homogeneous Or Heterogeneous: A. Through combining two or more substances, a mixture is produced. The butter fat does not float on top of the milk as a separate substance. Oil and water donât mix. hand lotion - heterogeneous, it is an emulsion and an emulsion is a colloid. A.) Different homogenous blends are air, water and vodka. crushing a can. Heterogeneous Mixtures Heterogeneous blends are comprised of noticeably extraordinary substances or stages. thx po ano lynnebumz3 bakit po si jk ik wrng spell why New questions in Science. So, you wouldn't observe both a liquid and a gas or a liquid and a solid in a homogeneous mixture. Homogeneous is like homogenized milk. Homogeneous
Sugar is a homogenous because its one compound
9. Classify each substance as a pure substance or a mixture. It is, therefore, a pure substance. Each of the layers is called a phase. In the light of above definitions: A mixture of oil and water is heterogeneous because oil and water do not mixed completely with one another. Heterogeneous
Salad dressing is a heterogeneous because your can see the layer of it like the oil is on top and the dressing is on the bottom.
11. Chocolate Chip Cookie C. Water And Gasoline D. Wine 5. Advantages and limitations of using homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic transesterification on oil with high FFA (mostly waste cooking oil) are discussed in detail. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ned-allsky
Daniel Masters (JPL/Caltech) -- Maximizing the Information from Deep Imaging Surveys of the 2020s
October
16
S M T W T F S
Large-scale imaging cosmology surveys of the 2020s (LSST/Euclid/WFIRST) will usher in a new era of extragalactic astronomy, with huge discovery potential for both cosmology and galaxy evolution. How do we best interpret the millions to billions of galaxy images these surveys will obtain? All of these surveys will rely on our ability to infer galaxy physical properties (redshift, importantly, but also other galaxy physical parameters) from the information contained in a limited number of broadband images. I will discuss promising approaches we have been developing from the field of non-linear dimensionality reduction (also known as manifold learning) to solve some of the key challenges. I will also give an overview of a large survey, called the “Complete Calibration of the Color-Redshift Relation” (C3R2) survey, that myself and collaborators are conducting with the Keck telescopes, which is based on these techniques, and is designed to solve the redshift measurement problem for Euclid and lay the foundation for the WFIRST. Finally, I will discuss promising avenues of research that we are actively exploring which make use of manifold learning and other machine learning techniques to solve key astrophysics problems that will arise in the coming era of large-scale imaging surveys, as well as pathways to obtaining the deep spectroscopic training samples required to fully exploit these approaches. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Managing Rotator Cuff Related Shoulder Pain
Zielgruppe
• Health Professionals
• Physiotherapeut*innen
• Sportwissenschafter*innen
• Student*innen PT ab dem 5. Semester
Rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP) was a term proposed to replace scientifically outdated and potentially flawed diagnoses such as subacromial impingement syndrome, as well as uncertain pathoanatomical diagnoses such as rotator cuff tendinitis/ tendinosis, and partial thickness and full thickness rotator cuff tears. RCRSP refers to the muscles, tendons, and surrounding structures, such as bursa, bone, ligament, capsule, nerve, and vascular tissue related to the entirety of the rotator cuff of the shoulder.
It also recognises the complexity of evolving pain science. The term RCRSP acknowledges that the basis for presenting symptoms is mostly indeterminable and is used when a collection of clinical symptoms is present. RCRSP is probably the most common musculoskeletal shoulder condition and manifests as shoulder pain and weakness, most commonly during shoulder elevation and external rotation.
Another important feature suggestive of RCRSP is a history of increased physiological load preceding the onset of symptoms, or a decreased ability to deal with physiological load due to lifestyle factors such as poor sleep, stress, reduced physical activity, uptake in or increased smoking, and poor nutrition.
The aim of this talk is to discuss the management of this condition and will include the role of injections, surgery and rehabilitation, and rehabilitation as a standalone management option.
Continuing education units
For the course „Managing Rotator Cuff Related Shoulder Pain“, you will receive 2 CEU of 45 minutes each.
Referent:innen
• Lewis, Jeremy
Prof. PhD, FCSP | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Cuba's acute fuel shortage begins to bite
HAVANA, Sept 13 (Reuters) - Cubans queued for hours for public transport on Friday at peak times in Havana, sweating in the heavy heat, while queues at gas stations snaked several blocks long, as a fuel shortage that the government blames on U.S. sanctions began to bite. Inspectors flagged down workers with state cars or trucks to get them to pick others up after President Miguel Diaz-Canel's exhortation for Cubans to show solidarity in these times of crisis and everyone due their bit to improve fuel efficiency. He warned Cubans on Wednesday on state television of difficult times ahead as U.S. attempts to block fuel shipments to Communist-run Cuba meant there would be less diesel than usual available this month. The government has agreed a series of measures to ensure basic services, he said. Some energy-intensive investments would be postponed, some train and bus services would be suspended and those who could work from home should. The crisis should only be temporary though, he assured, with shipments for October guaranteed. "The transport situation is getting ugly, even if the state says it is only temporary," said Alexei Perez Recio, 55, who was fixing up a bicycle he had not used since the economic depression in Cuba following the fall of former benefactor the Soviet Union when public transport collapsed. "I have to have (my bike) ready." The Communist government has assured Cubans this is not a return to those dark days as the economy is more diversified now, having opened up to tourism and foreign investment, and developed its own oil industry. Still, this is a sign of the worsening of Cuba's economic situation. The government started rationing energy several years ago due to a decline in subsidized oil shipments from leftist ally Venezuela, cutting street lighting and the use of electricity in state-run institutions. The Trump administration's tightening of the decades-old embargo on Cuba's already inefficient state-run economy has only worsened its economic situation and ability to pay for energy from elsewhere. New U.S. sanctions imposed on Venezuela's state-run oil firm PDVSA in January have also made it harder for it to send oil shipments to Cuba. Cuba and Venezuela's joint company, Transalba, for leasing and operating vessels covering the route between the two nations, has struggled to find enough tankers, captains and crew willing to work with two sanctioned countries, according to shipping sources involved in the trade. Some PDVSA ships, including the Manuela Saenz, Icaro, Terepaima and Yare, have had to complement the fleet. As such the flow of Venezuelan crude and fuel to Cuba has remained mostly stable this year, averaging 55,300 barrels per day (bpd) from February through August, according to Reuters calculations based in Refinitiv Eikon vessel tracking data and PDVSAs export programs. But Diaz-Canel said some of the negotiations to secure enough ships for September - without referring explicitly to shipments from Venezuela - had fallen through. "I waited around three hours to catch a bus home yesterday," said Eloisa Alvarez, 72, waiting with dozens of others at a bus stop where policemen and inspectors organized buses, state cars and even trucks to pick up people. (Reporting by Nelson Acosta in Havana; Additional Reporting by Marianna Parraga in Mexico City; Writing by Sarah Marsh Editing by Marguerita Choy) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
「SDOI2013」逃考 - 半平面交+最短路径 | Bill Yang's Blog
「SDOI2013」逃考 - 半平面交+最短路径
题目大意
题目分析
发现$a,b$的控制范围的分界线即为$a,b$连线的中垂线，因此$x$的控制范围即为与其他所有点的连线中垂线的半平面交。
因此做一个半平面交，然后跑最短路即可。
半平面交要记得判重。
代码
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#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<climits>
#include<vector>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
inline const int Get_Int() {
int num=0,bj=1;
char x=getchar();
while(x<'0'||x>'9') {
if(x=='-')bj=-1;
x=getchar();
}
while(x>='0'&&x<='9') {
num=num*10+x-'0';
x=getchar();
}
return num*bj;
}
const int maxn=605,maxm=360005;
const double eps=1e-8;
double dcmp(double x) {
if(fabs(x)<=eps)return 0;
if(x>eps)return 1;
return -1;
}
struct Point {
double x,y;
Point(double _x=0,double _y=0):x(_x),y(_y) {}
Point operator + (const Point& a) const {
return Point(x+a.x,y+a.y);
}
Point operator - (const Point& a) const {
return Point(a.x-x,a.y-y);
}
Point operator * (double a) const {
return Point(x*a,y*a);
}
Point operator / (double a) const {
return Point(x/a,y/a);
}
} p[maxn],lim,st;
typedef Point Vector;
double Cross(const Vector& a,const Vector& b) {
return a.x*b.y-b.x*a.y;
}
vector<int> edges[maxn];
void AddEdge(int x,int y) {
edges[x].push_back(y);
}
struct Line {
Point p;
Vector v;
double ang;
int id;
Line() {}
Line(Point p,Vector v,int x):p(p),v(v),id(x) {
ang=atan2(v.y,v.x);
}
bool operator < (const Line& L) const {
return ang<L.ang;
}
};
bool OnLeft(Line L,Point p) {
return dcmp(Cross(L.v,L.p-p))>0;
}
Point GetIntersection(Line a,Line b) {
Vector u=a.p-b.p;
double t=Cross(u,b.v)/Cross(a.v,b.v);
return a.p+a.v*t;
}
Point tmpp[maxm];
Line q[maxm+5];
int n,S;
int Unique(int n,Line* L) {
int cnt=1;
for(int i=2; i<=n; i++) {
if(dcmp(L[cnt].ang-L[i].ang)!=0)L[++cnt]=L[i];
else if(OnLeft(L[cnt],L[i].p))L[cnt]=L[i];
}
return cnt;
}
void HalfplaneIntersection(int n,Line* L,int s) {
sort(L+1,L+n+1);
n=Unique(n,L);
int first=1,last=1;
q[last]=L[1];
for(int i=2; i<=n; i++) {
while(first<last&&!OnLeft(L[i],tmpp[last-1]))last--;
while(first<last&&!OnLeft(L[i],tmpp[first]))first++;
q[++last]=L[i];
if(first<last)tmpp[last-1]=GetIntersection(q[last-1],q[last]);
}
while(first<last&&!OnLeft(q[first],tmpp[last-1]))last--;
if(last-first<=1)return;
for(int i=first; i<=last; i++)AddEdge(s,q[i].id);
if(!S) {
bool bj=1;
for(int i=first; i<=last; i++)
if(!OnLeft(q[i],st)) {
bj=0;
break;
}
if(bj)S=s;
}
}
int cnt=0;
Line L[maxm];
void build(int s) {
cnt=0;
for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
if(i!=s) {
Point mid=(p[s]+p[i])/2;
Vector pos=p[s]-p[i];
pos=Vector(-pos.y,pos.x);
L[++cnt]=Line(mid,pos,i);
}
L[++cnt]=Line(Point(0,0),Vector(0,-1),0);
L[++cnt]=Line(Point(0,lim.y),Vector(-1,0),0);
L[++cnt]=Line(lim,Vector(0,1),0);
L[++cnt]=Line(Point(lim.x,0),Vector(1,0),0);
HalfplaneIntersection(cnt,L,s);
}
#define mp make_pair
#define pii pair<int,int>
int Dist[maxn];
bool vst[maxn];
void Dijkstra(int s) {
for(int i=0; i<=n; i++)Dist[i]=INT_MAX,vst[i]=0;
priority_queue<pii,vector<pii>,greater<pii> > Q;
Dist[s]=0;
Q.push(mp(0,s));
while(!Q.empty()) {
int Now=Q.top().second;
Q.pop();
if(vst[Now])continue;
vst[Now]=1;
for(int Next:edges[Now])
if(Dist[Next]>Dist[Now]+1) {
Dist[Next]=Dist[Now]+1;
Q.push(mp(Dist[Next],Next));
}
}
}
int main() {
int t=Get_Int();
while(t--) {
n=Get_Int();
lim.x=Get_Int(),lim.y=Get_Int();
st.x=Get_Int(),st.y=Get_Int();
for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) {
p[i].x=Get_Int(),p[i].y=Get_Int();
edges[i].clear();
}
S=0;
for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)build(i);
Dijkstra(S);
printf("%d\n",Dist[0]);
}
return 0;
}
0% | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
If You Read One Article About Wellness, Read This One
Alternative Ways of Treating Chronic Pain
If you are experiencing chronic pain, and conventional medicines have been unable to help, or if you are concerened about taking drugs like opioids for the possibility of addiction, it may be time to look for alternatives. Read on to find out more alternatives that can hep you reduce the pain.
Acupuncture: Acupuncture is a common non-conventional form of pain relief which involves inserting extremely fine needles into the key body locations. No one is quite sure about how this technique works. One theory states that the locations where the needles are inserted lie close to the nerve fibres and that when these areas are stimulated, chemicals that relieve pain flood into the brain.
Study has shown that acupuncture can be effective for reducing pain associated with everything to a headache and back pain to relieving pain from arthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome. It has also been used to treat cancer related pain.
Wearables: The wearable technology is now emerging as the latest development in the quest to find alternatives to traditional pain relief. Such devices do not make use of any actual medications but instead generate electrical signals that stimulate your body. It is a bit like acupuncture only that it doesn’t involve the use of needles and is another way of harnessing your body’s natural systems for pain reduction.
The method doesn’t provide instant relief, and you can expect to wear the device for six to eight hours for at least a week before you can notice any improvement in your condition. You can link the device to your smartphone and input information about the state of you condition to assist the device to adjust by providing you with the optimum level of pain reief.
Regardles of the fact that the conventional use of medical marijuana remains controversial, there is a continued surge in the number of advocates for the drug’s use for medical reasons as well as the clinics from where it can be obtained. In particular, research has shown that marijuana can relieve the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. It also can be used to treat glaucoma and may also slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
If your condition brings much discomfort for you to make a trip to the dispensary, you can have it delivered to your home directly through sites like the Dope Mail buy weed online as long as you live in an area where the use and buying of medical marijuana is allowed.
The the link that exists between pain and stress is well established. The more stressed a person becomes, the worse and painful their condition is likely to become. As a result, more and more people are turning to hypnosis as a means of reducing their stress in a bid to reduce the level of pain they experience. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Exeter Cathedral
Exeter Cathedral, properly known as the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter in Exeter, is an Anglican cathedral, and the seat of the Bishop of Exeter, in the city of Exeter, Devon, in South West England. The present building was complete by about 1400 and has several notable features, including an early set of misericords, an astronomical clock and the longest uninterrupted medieval stone vaulted ceiling in the world.
History
The site where Exeter Cathedral was constructed was home to Roman buildings. A legionary fortress was constructed between 50–75 AD. A Roman bathhouse was discovered in 1971.
The founding of the cathedral at Exeter, dedicated to Saint Peter, dates from 1050, when the seat of the bishop of Devon and Cornwall was transferred from Crediton because of a fear of sea-raids. A Saxon minster already existing within the town (and dedicated to Saint Mary and Saint Peter) was used by Leofric as his seat, but services were often held out of doors, close to the site of the present cathedral building.
In 1107 William Warelwast was appointed to the see, and this was the catalyst for the building of a new cathedral in the Norman style. Its official foundation was in 1133, during Warelwast's time, but it took many more years to complete. Following the appointment of Walter Bronescombe as bishop in 1258, the building was already recognised as outmoded, and it was rebuilt in the Decorated Gothic style, following the example of Salisbury. However, much of the Norman building was kept, including the two massive square towers and part of the walls. It was constructed entirely of local stone, including Purbeck Marble. The new cathedral was complete by about 1400, apart from the addition of the chapter house and chantry chapels.
Like most English cathedrals, Exeter suffered during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, but not as much as it would have done had it been a monastic foundation. Further damage was done during the Civil War, when the cloisters were destroyed. Following the restoration of Charles II, a new pipe organ was built in the cathedral by John Loosemore. Charles II's sister Henrietta Anne of England was baptised here in 1644. In 1650 an independent church was meeting in the cathedral and this small church caused upset when the minister "excommunicated" Susanna Parr.
During the Victorian era, some refurbishment was carried out by George Gilbert Scott. As a boy, the composer Matthew Locke was trained in the choir of Exeter Cathedral, under Edward Gibbons, the brother of Orlando Gibbons. His name can be found scribed into the stone organ screen.
During the Second World War, Exeter was one of the targets of a German air offensive against British cities of cultural and historical importance, which became known as the "Baedeker Blitz". On 4 May 1942 an early-morning air raid took place over Exeter. The cathedral sustained a direct hit by a large high-explosive bomb on the chapel of St James, completely demolishing it. The muniment room above, three bays of the aisle and two flying buttresses were also destroyed in the blast. The medieval wooden screen opposite the chapel was smashed into many pieces by the blast, but it has been reconstructed and restored. Many of the cathedral's most important artefacts, such as the ancient glass (including the great east window), the misericords, the bishop's throne, the Exeter Book, the ancient charters (of King Athelstan and Edward the Confessor) and other precious documents from the library had been removed in anticipation of such an attack. The precious effigy of Walter Branscombe had been protected by sand bags.
In July 2023, The Methodist Recorder reported that the cathedral chapter signed a sharing agreement between it and Mint Methodist Exeter for shared use of the Lady Chapel.
Architecture
The Norman cathedral construction began in 1112, presumably at the east end and was consecrated in 1133, by which date the choir, transept and first two bays of the nave were probably complete. As detailed above, remains of the Norman building can be seen in the massive transept towers. By 1160 the nave and west front were complete, and a cloister and chapter house were added between 1180 and 1244.
During the 1270s, a new project began to replace the entire east end, starting with the east end chapels. This work is documented by a very extensive series of fabric rolls. Work advanced slowly, with the retrochoir, presbytery and choir being built in the 1290s. The original choir elevation had two storeys, but was later modified to three, presumably after the arrival of Master Roger in 1297. Master Thomas of Witney was engaged in 1316 to design the choir furnishings, then became master mason and stayed at Exeter until 1342.
By 1328 the church was complete to the first two bays of the nave, where a design change in the vaults is visible. During Master Thomas of Witney's time the east cloister walk was begun (1318–25) and the nave, west front and north cloister walk were probably completed (c.1328-42). That the present west front is on the same site as the Norman predecessor is indicated by the narrowing of the nave bays towards the west, squeezed to meet an existing feature.
The image screen across the west facade and the chantry chapel of Bishop Grandisson located within the west front were probably designed by William Joy, who succeeded Witney as master mason in 1342 but seems to have died in 1347, possibly from the Black Death. From 1377 to 1414 the east, south and west cloister walks were finished by Master Robert Lesyngham, who probably also designed the great East Window (1390–92).
The architecture of Exeter Cathedral at first appears remarkably harmonious with the continuous run of tierceron vaults extending from west to east. Although the bays are irregular in size, the plan is throughout based on a division into ninths. There is also a wonderful array of tracery designs in the clerestorey windows. More detailed analysis nevertheless reveals a number of changes, including the decision to adopt a three-storey facade with a triforium more typical of cathedrals than the previous two-storey design. 3-D scanning of the vaults has also revealed numerous changes to the curvatures of the ribs.
Notable features
Notable features of the interior include the misericords, the minstrels' gallery, the astronomical clock and the organ. Notable architectural features of the interior include the multiribbed ceiling and the compound piers in the nave arcade.
The 18 m bishop's throne in the choir was made from Devon oak between 1312 and 1316; the nearby choir stalls were made by George Gilbert Scott in the 1870s. The Great East Window contains much 14th-century glass, and there are over 400 ceiling bosses, one of which depicts the murder of Thomas Becket. The bosses can be seen at the peak of the vaulted ceiling, joining the ribs together. Because there is no centre tower, Exeter Cathedral has the longest uninterrupted medieval vaulted ceiling in the world, at about 96 m.
Misericords
The fifty misericords are the earliest complete set in the United Kingdom. They date from two periods: 1220–1230 and 1250–1260. Amongst other things, they depict the earliest known wooden representation of an elephant in the UK. They have supporters.
Minstrels' gallery
The minstrels' gallery in the nave dates to around 1360 and is unique in English cathedrals. Its front is decorated with 12 carved and painted angels playing medieval musical instruments, including the cittern, bagpipe, hautboy, crwth, harp, trumpet, organ, guitar, tambourine and cymbals, with two others which are uncertain. Since the above list was compiled in 1921, research among musicologists has revised how some of the instruments are called in modern times. Using revised names, the list should now read from left to right gittern, bagpipe, shawm, vielle, harp, jew's harp, trumpet, organ, citole, recorder, tambourine, cymbals.
Astronomical clock
The Exeter Cathedral Astronomical Clock is one of the group of famous 14th- to 16th-century astronomical clocks to be found in the west of England. Others are at Wells, Ottery St Mary, and Wimborne Minster.
The main, lower, dial is the oldest part of the clock, dating from 1484. The fleur-de-lys-tipped hand indicates the hour (and the position of the sun in the sky) on a 24-hour analogue dial. The numbering consists of two sets of Roman numerals I to XII. The silver ball and inner dial shows both the age of the moon and its phase (using a rotating black shield to indicate the moon's phase). The upper dial, added in 1760, shows the minutes.
The Latin phrase Pereunt et imputantur, a favourite motto for clocks and sundials, was written by the Latin poet Martial. It is usually translated as "they perish and are reckoned to our account", referring to the hours that we spend, wisely or not. The original clockwork mechanism, much modified, repaired, and neglected until it was replaced in the early 20th century, can be seen on the floor below. The door below the clock has a round hole near its base. This was cut in the early 17th century to allow entry for the bishop's cat to deter vermin that were attracted to the animal fat used to lubricate the clock mechanism.
Library
The library began during the episcopate of Leofric (1050–1072) who presented the cathedral with 66 books, only one of which remains in the library: this is the Exeter Book (Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3501) of Anglo-Saxon poetry. 16 others have survived and are in the British Library, the Bodleian Library or Cambridge University Library. A 10th-century manuscript of Hrabanus Maurus's De Computo and Isidore of Seville's De Natura Rerum may have belonged to Leofric also but the earliest record of it is in an inventory of 1327. The inventory was compiled by the Sub-Dean, William de Braileghe, and 230 titles were listed. Service books were not included and a note at the end mentions many other books in French, English and Latin which were then considered worthless.
In 1412–13 a new lectrinum was fitted out for the books by two carpenters working for 40 weeks. Those books in need of repair were repaired and some were fitted with chains. A catalogue of the cathedral's books made in 1506 shows that the library furnished some 90 years earlier had 11 desks for books and records over 530 titles, of which more than a third are service books.
In 1566 the Dean and Chapter presented to Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, a manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Gospels which had been given by Leofric; in 1602, 81 manuscripts from the library were presented to Sir Thomas Bodley for the Bodleian Library at Oxford. In 1657 under the Commonwealth the cathedral was deprived of several of its ancillary buildings, including the reading room of 1412–13. Some books were lost but a large part of them were saved due to the efforts of Dr Robert Vilvaine, who had them transferred to St John's Hospital. At a later date he provided funds to convert the Lady chapel into a library, and the books were brought back.
By 1752 it is thought the collection had grown considerably to some 5,000 volumes, to a large extent by benefactions. In 1761 Charles Lyttelton, Dean of Exeter, describes it as having over 6,000 books and some good manuscripts. He describes the work which has been done to repair and list the contents of the manuscripts. At the same time the muniments and records had been cleaned and moved to a suitable muniment room.
In 1820 the library was moved from the Lady Chapel to the chapter house. In the later 19th century two large collections were received by the cathedral, and it was necessary to construct a new building to accommodate the whole library. The collections of Edward Charles Harington and Frederic Charles Cook were together more than twice the size of the existing library, and John Loughborough Pearson was the architect of the new building on the site of the old cloister. During the 20th century the greater part of the library was transferred to rooms in the Bishop's Palace, while the remainder was kept in Pearson's cloister library.
Today, there is a good collection of early medical books, part of which came in 1948 from the Exeter Medical Library (founded 1814), and part on permanent loan from the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (1,300 volumes, 1965). The most decorated manuscript in the library is a psalter (MS 3508) probably written for the Church of St Helen at Worcester in the early 13th century. The earliest printed book now in the library is represented by only a single leaf: this is Cicero's De officiis (Mainz: Fust and Schoeffer, 1465–66).
Bells
Both of the cathedral's towers contain bells. The North Tower contains an 80 -Lcwt bourdon bell, called Peter. Peter used to swing but it is now only chimed.
The South Tower contains the second heaviest peal of 12 bells hung for change ringing in the world, with a tenor weighing. They are second only to Liverpool Cathedral in weight. There are also two semitone bells in addition to the peal of 12.
Dean and Chapter
As of 5 December 2020:
* Dean of Exeter — Jonathan Greener (since 26 November 2017 installation)
* Canon Precentor — James Mustard (since 25 March 2018 installation)
* Canon Chancellor — Chris Palmer (since 5 August 2018 installation)
* Canon Steward — Cate Edmonds (SSM; (residentiary canon) since 22 October 2019 installation)
* Non-Canons
* Priest Vicar — Ian Morter (Canon Treasurer & Pastor 2010–2017; Priest Vicar since June 2018)
* Priest Vicar — Julian Ould
Burials
A full listing of monuments and transcription of inscriptions in the cathedral is contained in: Hewett, John William, Remarks on the Monumental Brasses and Certain Decorative Remains in the Cathedral Church of St Peter, Exeter, to which is Appended a Complete Monumentarium, published in Transactions of the Exeter Diocesan Architectural Society, Volume 3, Exeter, 1846–1849, pp. 90–138 Persons buried within the cathedral include the following:
* Leofric (bishop), first Bishop of Exeter (1050–1072)
* Robert Warelwast, Bishop of Exeter (1138–1155)
* Bartholomew Iscanus, Bishop of Exeter (1161–1184)
* John the Chanter, Bishop of Exeter (1186–1191)
* Henry Marshal, Bishop of Exeter (1194–1206)
* Simon of Apulia, Bishop of Exeter (1214–1223)
* Walter Bronescombe, Bishop of Exeter (1258–1280)
* Peter Quinel, Bishop of Exeter (1280–1291)
* Henry de Bracton (c. 1210 – c. 1268), English ecclesiastic and jurist
* Sir Henry de Raleigh (died 1301), knight
* Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter (1308–1326)
* Sir Richard de Stapledon (died 1326), knight, elder brother of Bishop Stapledon
* James Berkeley (died 1327), Bishop of Exeter
* John Grandisson, Bishop of Exeter (1327–1369)
* Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon (1303–1377) and his wife Margaret de Bohun (died 1391)
* Thomas de Brantingham, English lord treasurer and Bishop of Exeter (1370–1394)
* Sir Peter Courtenay (died 1405), fifth son of Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon
* William Wilford (died 1413), Steward, Exeter Mich. 1396–7; receiver 1397–8; Member of the council of 12 1398–9, 1401–2, 1403–4, 1405–6, 1407–8, 1409–10, 1411–12; Mayor of Exeter 1400–1, 1402–3, 1404–5, 1406–7, 1408–9, 1410–11, 1412–13.
* Edmund Stafford, Lord Privy Seal, Lord Chancellor, Baron Stafford and Bishop of Exeter (1395–1419)
* Edmund Lacey, Bishop of Exeter (1420–1455), whose tomb had been a shrine, but which was walled over during the Reformation, fragments were uncovered during the Baedeker Blitz
* John Speke (1442–1518) of Whitelackington, Somerset and of Heywood in the parish of Wembworthy and of Bramford Speke, Devon (buried in the Speke Chantry)
* Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter (1504–1519; buried in the Oldham Chantry)
* William Alley, Bishop of Exeter (1560–1571)
* William Bradbridge, Bishop of Exeter (1571–1578)
* John Woolton, Bishop of Exeter (1579–1594)
* Dr. William Cotton, Bishop of Exeter (1598–1621) buried in Exeter Cathedral. His monument with recumbent effigy survives.
* Ofspring Blackall (1655–1716), Bishop of Exeter (1708–1716) buried on the southern side of the choir in an unmarked grave
* John Ross (1719–1792), Bishop of Exeter (1778–1792) buried in the south aisle of the choir, the place being marked by a flat tombstone and the inscription 'J. R., D.D., 1792.'
* Bryan Blundell (1757–1799), Major General in the Army and Lieutenant Colonel of the 45th Regiment of Foot
* Sir Gawen Carew
* Peter (Pierre) of Courtenay (1126–1183), youngest son of Louis VI of France and his second Queen consort Adélaide de Maurienne.
* Sir Peter Carew (c. 1514 – 1575) is not buried in the cathedral, but is commemorated by a mural monument.
* George Knight-Bruce, Bishop of Bloemfontein (1886- 1891) and first Bishop of Mashonaland (now Harare)(1891–1895) is commemorated by a memorial tablet.
Legends
One 19th-century author claimed that an 11th-century missal asserted that King Æthelstan, the previous century, had brought together a great collection of holy relics at Exeter Cathedral; sending out emissaries at great expense to the continent to acquire them. Amongst these items were said to be a little of "the bush in which the Lord spoke to Moses", and a "bit of the candle which the angel of the Lord lit in Christ's tomb".
According to the semi-legendary tale, the Protestant martyr Agnes Prest, during her brief time of liberty in Exeter before her execution in 1557, met a stonemason repairing the statues at the cathedral. She stated that there was no use repairing their noses, since "within a few days shall all lose their heads". There is a memorial to her and another Protestant martyr, Thomas Benet, in the Livery Dole area of Exeter. The memorial was designed by Harry Hems and raised by public subscription in 1909.
Wildlife
The tube web spider Segestria florentina, notable for its iridescent shiny green fangs, can be found within the outer walls. The walls are made of calcareous stone, which decays from acidic pollution, to form cracks and crevices which the spider and other invertebrates inhabit.
Choir
Exeter Cathedral Choir is composed of 38 Choristers (boys and girls) along with Choral Scholars and Lay Vicars. There is also a voluntary choir, the St Peter's singers, dating back to 1881.
Organists
Recorded names of organists at Exeter go back to Matthew Godwin, 1586. Notable organists at Exeter Cathedral include Victorian composer Samuel Sebastian Wesley, grandson of Methodist founder and hymn-writer Charles Wesley, educator Ernest Bullock, and conductor Thomas Armstrong. The current Director of Music, Timothy Noon, was appointed in 2016.
Organ
The Cathedral organ stands on the ornate medieval screen, preserving the old classical distinction between quire and nave. The first organ was built by John Loosemore in 1665. There was a radical rebuild by Henry Willis in 1891, and again by Harrison & Harrison in 1931. The largest pipes, the lower octave of the 32′ Contra Violone, stand just inside the south transept. The organ has one of only three trompette militaire stops in the country (the others are in Liverpool Cathedral and London's St Paul's Cathedral), housed in the minstrels' gallery, along with a chorus of diapason pipes.
In January 2013 an extensive refurbishment began on the organ, undertaken by Harrison & Harrison. The work consisted of an overhaul and a re-design of the internal layout of the soundboards and ranks of the organ pipes. In October 2014 the work was completed and the organ was reassembled, save for the final voicing and tuning of the new instrument. | WIKI |
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Bug #8298 Apache segfaults with php module loaded.
Submitted: 2000-12-16 15:58 UTC Modified: 2000-12-28 19:34 UTC
From: ryan at guardiandigital dot com Assigned:
Status: Closed Package: Apache related
PHP Version: 4.0 Latest CVS (16/12/2000) OS: Linux 2.2.1[78]
Private report: No CVE-ID: None
View Add Comment Developer Edit
Anyone can comment on a bug. Have a simpler test case? Does it work for you on a different platform? Let us know!
Just going to say 'Me too!'? Don't clutter the database with that please !
Your email address:
MUST BE VALID
Solve the problem:
39 - 19 = ?
Subscribe to this entry?
[2000-12-16 15:58 UTC] ryan at guardiandigital dot com
This is very wierd. php all of a sudden stopped working when we upgraded to apache 1.3.14, and I have two different backtraces depending on the machine.
This problem originated with 4.0.3.pl1, but I saw a bug report saying it was fixed in CVS so I tried the latest tarball on snaps.php.net as of Friday 12/15.
Compile Options
------------
This is from the spec file I am using:
compile() {
./configure \
--prefix=%{_prefix} \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-pic \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-exec-dir=%{_bindir} \
--with-regex=system \
--with-gettext \
--with-gdbm \
--enable-magic-quotes \
--enable-safe-mode \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-sysvshm \
--enable-track-vars \
--enable-ftp \
--with-mysql=/usr \
--disable-versioning \
--with-xml \
--with-zlib \
--enable-debug \
--disable-pear \
--disable-yp \
$*
make
}
Then I am doing comile --enable-shared to build the DSO and --enable-static to build the php standalone.
php.ini
------
I have played around with several options in here and I do not think it is the problem. I can supply it upon request.
Machine 1
-----------
Apache only sefgaults when there is an "ErrorLog" directive inside of a "VirtualHost" directive. Backtrace below
(gdb) bt full
#0 0x404914dc in pthread_handle_sigcancel (sig=134951340, ctx={gs = 62548,
__gsh = 2061, fs = 47914, __fsh = 2057, es = 0, __esh = 0, ds = 64172,
__dsh = 49151, edi = 135132244, esi = 3221224132, ebp = 134595447,
esp = 134943172, ebx = 134951340, edx = 1075379916, ecx = 3221224136,
eax = 3221224136, trapno = 3221224168, err = 134614136, eip = 134943172,
cs = 12716, __csh = 2059, eflags = 1075379916,
esp_at_signal = 134574437, ss = 4508, __ssh = 2059,
fpstate = 0x4018fecc, oldmask = 0, cr2 = 3221224248}) at pthread.c:663
self = 0x1
jmpbuf = (sigjmp_buf *) 0x80df454
#1 0x805c31a in open_error_log ()
No symbol table info available.
#2 0x805c377 in ap_open_logs ()
No symbol table info available.
#3 0x8060c78 in standalone_main ()
No symbol table info available.
#4 0x80614c3 in main ()
No symbol table info available.
#5 0x400b898b in __libc_start_main (main=0x806116c <main>, argc=2,
argv=0xbffffb84, init=0x804f2d4 <_init>, fini=0x80979dc <_fini>,
rtld_fini=0x4000ae60 <_dl_fini>, stack_end=0xbffffb7c)
at ../sysdeps/generic/libc-start.c:92
argv = (char **) 0xbffffb84
rtld_fini = (void (*)()) 0
stack_end = (void *) 0x1
Machine 2
--------
Apache seems to always segfault if there is a VirtualHost directive... it looks to me like it chokes while trying to resolve the ServerName but I could be wrong.
(gdb) bt
#0 0x5a0b30 in ?? ()
#1 0x5abfaa in _nss_dns_gethostbyname_r (
name=0xbffff660 "grepmaster.test.guardiandigital.com", result=0x2a2b64,
buffer=0x80e4198 "", buflen=1024, errnop=0x2a0a40, h_errnop=0xbffff648)
at nss_dns/dns-host.c:162
#2 0x275c3f in __gethostbyname_r (
name=0xbffff660 "grepmaster.test.guardiandigital.com", resbuf=0x2a2b64,
buffer=0x80e4198 "", buflen=1024, result=0xbffff644, h_errnop=0xbffff648)
at ../nss/getXXbyYY_r.c:182
#3 0x274bd4 in gethostbyname (
name=0xbffff660 "grepmaster.test.guardiandigital.com")
at ../nss/getXXbyYY.c:137
#4 0x806d77e in ap_get_local_host ()
#5 0x80698da in ap_fini_vhost_config ()
#6 0x8057092 in ap_read_config ()
#7 0x8060c41 in standalone_main ()
#8 0x80614c3 in main ()
#9 0x1c898b in __libc_start_main (main=0x806116c <main>, argc=2,
argv=0xbffffba4, init=0x804f2d4 <_init>, fini=0x80979dc <_fini>,
rtld_fini=0x11ae60 <_dl_fini>, stack_end=0xbffffb9c)
at ../sysdeps/generic/libc-start.c:92
I thank you all very much for your time. If you need any more information please let me know and I will be happy to supply it.
Cheers,
Ryan
Patches
Add a Patch
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Add a Pull Request
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[2000-12-16 17:30 UTC] ryan at guardiandigital dot com
If it helps any, I was poking around through the glibc 2.1.3 ChangeLog (the version I am using) and found the following:
1999-09-12 Ulrich Drepper <drepper@cygnus.com>
* version.h (VERSION): Bump to 2.1.3.
* resolv/nss_dns/dns-host.c (_nss_dns_gethostbyname2_r): if res_search
fails don't rely on errno value.
(getanswer_r): Sett *ERRNOP in error cases.
I hope this helps a little bit. I seriously hope ths is not a glibc problem. :)
[2000-12-17 12:14 UTC] sniper@php.net
Wouldn't using --with-apxs or --with-apache in your configure help?
--Jani
[2000-12-18 08:04 UTC] ryan at guardiandigital dot com
Yeah, sorry for being rather vague in that respect. Here are some more lines from my spec file:
# Build a standalone binary.
compile --enable-force-cgi-redirect
cp php php_standalone
make distclean
# Build a module.
compile --with-apxs=%{_sbindir}/apxs --enable-shared
Where compile() is the same as the first post.
Thanks,
Ryan
[2000-12-28 19:34 UTC] sniper@php.net
Linking apache with pthread library solved this problem.
--Jani
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Last updated: Fri Feb 23 16:01:28 2024 UTC | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
List of museums in Sri Lanka
Below is a list of museums in Sri Lanka. For this context, museums are defined as institutions (including nonprofit organisations, government entities, and private businesses) that collect and care for objects of cultural, artistic, scientific or historical interest and make their collections or related exhibits available for public viewing.
National Museums
* National Museum of Colombo
* National Museum of Kandy
* National Museum of Galle
* National Museum of Ratnapura
Museums of particular subjects
* National Museum of Natural History, Colombo
* Colombo Dutch Museum
* National Maritime Museum (Galle)
* Independence Memorial Museum
* Folk Museum (Anuradhapura)
North Central Province
* Anuradhapura Museum (National)
* Mihintale Museum (Site)
* Veheragala Museum (Site)
* Isurumuniya Museum (Site)
* Tantirimale Museum (Site)
North Western Province
* Panduwasnuwara Museum (Regional)
* Puttalam Museum (Site)
* Rajanganaya Museum (Site)
* Yapahuwa Museum (Site)
* Dambadeniya Museum (Site)
Central Province
* Kandy Royal Palace Museum (Regional)
* Nalanda Museum (Site)
* Pidurangala Museum (Site)
Eastern Province
* Batticaloa Museum (Site)
* Dighavapi Museum (Regional)
* Seruwila Museum (Site)
* Welgam Vehera Museum (Site)
Western Province
* Kotte Museum (Regional)
Southern Province
* Matara Star Fort Museum (Regional)
* Yatala Museum (Site)
* Kasagala Museum (Site)
* Mulkirigala Museum (Site)
Northern Province
* Jaffna Museum (Regional)
* Vavuniya Museum (Regional)
Uva Province
* Buduruwagala Museum (Regional)
* Maligawila Museum (Site)
Sabaragamuwa Province
* Dedigama Museum (Regional)
Museums of particular subjects administered by the institutions of those subjects
* Ceylon Tea Museum, Kandy
* Colombo Port Maritime Museum, Colombo
* Economic History Museum, Colombo
* Highway Museum, Kiribathkumbura
* Hoods Tower Museum, Trincomalee
* International Buddhist Museum, Kandy
* J. R. Jayewardene Centre, Colombo
* Martin Wickramasinghe Folk Museum, Galle
* Ambalangoda Mask Museum, Ambalangoda
* Museum of Temple of Tooth, Kandy
* National Telecommunication Museum, Padukka
* Postal Museum, Colombo
* Railway Museum, Kadugannawa
* S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike and Sirimavo Bandaranaike Memorial Museum, Colombo
* Sri Lanka Air Force Museum, Ratmalana
* Sri Lanka Cricket Museum, Colombo
* Walisinghe Harischandra Museum, Negombo
* Wax Museum, Polonnaruwa | WIKI |
bridge bunny
Noun
* 1) An attractive female character who serves on the bridge of a spaceship on a science-fiction television show, as eye candy. | WIKI |
Last week was the worst for geopolitical risk in 20 years | TheHill
When the 9/11 terror attacks happened in 2001, the U.S. was still the world’s unquestioned superpower; Russia was still struggling to find its own political footing under relative newcomer Vladimir Putin; and China was a developing economy instead of an existential threat to the Western world order. But while the headlines from last week all pale in comparison to 9/11, I’d argue that we just lived through the most seismic week of geopolitics since I founded Eurasia Group in 1998. We begin with the personnel changes. That Donald TrumpDonald John TrumpTrump pushes back on recent polling data, says internal numbers are 'strongest we've had so far' Illinois state lawmaker apologizes for photos depicting mock assassination of Trump Scaramucci assembling team of former Cabinet members to speak out against Trump MORE got rid of beleaguered Secretary of State Rex TillersonRex Wayne TillersonState Dept. extends travel ban to North Korea Scaramucci breaks up with Trump in now-familiar pattern Senate braces for brawl over Trump's spy chief MORE a couple weeks ago hardly qualified as news. National Economic Council Director Gary CohnGary David CohnTrump says US will hit China with new round of tariffs next month Gary Cohn bemoans 'dramatic impact' of Trump tariffs Press: Acosta, latest to walk the plank MORE had one foot out the door since Charlottesville. National Security Adviser H.R. McMaster wasn’t long for the Trump world anyways, according to a flood of news reports. Still, the departure of all three rattled Washington in their own ways; their replacements will rattle Washington further. In lieu of Tillerson, the State Department gets Tea Party darling and CIA Director Mike PompeoMichael (Mike) Richard PompeoAfghan president vows to take revenge after Islamic State attack on wedding The Hill's Morning Report - Trump on defense over economic jitters Latest pro-democracy rally draws tens of thousands in Hong Kong MORE. Talking head Larry Kudlow takes Cohn’s vacated seat, elevated alongside noted trade hawk and China-antagonist Peter Navarro as a direct economic advisor to the president. John Bolton assumes the reins as the national security advisor. All these personnel moves are shaping up to have a singular effect — bringing the U.S. closer to open-confrontation with China. The headlines last week centered on Trump’s tariff announcement aimed at China (expected to target at least $50 billion worth of imports), but just as important from the geopolitical standpoint were the Taiwan developments a few days earlier. On March 16, Trump signed the Taiwan Travel Act to allow high-level Taiwanese officials to travel to the U.S. and meet with their U.S. counterparts, a much-needed diplomatic win for Taipei. For most Americans, Taiwan is a non-issue; for China, Taiwan is as close as a “red line” as Beijing gets. Taking all three together — tariffs, Taiwan, and personnel — senior Chinese officials are beginning to regard Trump’s recent moves as a coordinated shift against Beijing — and they’re right. The world’s most important bilateral relationship hit its inflection point last week; it’s all downhill from here. In spite of Trump’s decision to congratulate Putin on his electoral victory over the explicit warnings of his national security advisers last week, the U.S.-Russia relationship is similarly pointing south. The Trump administration revealed last week that Russian hackers had successfully infiltrated the U.S. power grid (among other targets), on the same day it instituted sanctions against 19 Russians and five entities for U.S. election meddling. However warm Trump and Putin’s personal relationship may be, Washington and Moscow are moving to a more confrontational stage, as evinced by this week’s decision to expel 60 Russians from the U.S. (as well as shuttering the Russian consulate in Seattle) in conjunction with 16 EU countries, a response to the poisoning of an ex-Russian spy living in the U.K. earlier this month. Truth be told, Tillerson, McMaster and Cohn were never particularly effective at keeping Trump from acting on his instincts — whether they be anti-China, pro-Russia or anything in between — but they provided voices of dissent in a White House not known for tolerating many of those. These three were also advocates of free trade, multilateral organizations and the U.S. focusing on strengthening alliances. Now Trump has surrounded himself with folks who are more philosophically aligned to the “America First” view of the world, and they know how to execute on it. Mike Pompeo has the support of many Republicans in Congress and has proven himself one of the Trump administration’s most effective political operators. John Bolton gives Trump his most vocal supporter for a hawkish foreign policy agenda. Navarro has put it even more bluntly: "my function... is to try to provide the underlying analytics that confirm [Trump's] intuition. And his intuition is always right in these matters.” In a post-Pax Americana, G-Zero world — one where no one country has the wherewithal or will to lead the world’s response to global problems — this risk-acceptant approach to foreign policy (from everything ranging from Korea to Iran to Mexico), opens up Washington both to more miscalculation and escalation. The Mueller investigation continues to bear down on Trump and has begun crossing the “red lines” Trump warned him not to cross by subpoenaing Trump Organization records. The resignation of lead lawyer John Dowd last week — in part over Trump’s desire to sit down with Mueller’s investigators, which Dowd opposed — makes for a more volatile Trump, one who is even quicker to deflect blame onto others, but also one who paradoxically feels more at ease making big decisions with less say from others. As the domestic political pressure against Trump mounts, the urge to take divisive but aggressive actions will grow stronger. Trump doesn’t play defense, he plays offense. Now that he has a more enabling staff in place, those snap, instinctive outbursts will increase in frequency. Trump has never shown the ideological consistency needed to pull off the most drastic reimagining of U.S. foreign policy since World War II; but he has found a team sufficiently aligned with him to make his “America First” rhetoric enough of a reality to cause him the geopolitical crises he’s so far managed to avoid. As I said, it was a big week for political risk. Ian Bremmer is the president of Eurasia Group and author of the forthcoming book, "Us vs. Them: The Failure of Globalism." View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
BOSTON GAS COMPANY, d/b/a National Grid, Plaintiff, Appellant, v. CENTURY INDEMNITY COMPANY, Defendant/Third-Party Plaintiff, Appellee. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London; Certain London Market Insurance Companies; Travelers Casualty and Surety Company, f/k/a Aetna Casualty & Surety Company; Associated Electric & Gas Insurance Services Limited; the Hartford Insurance Company, Third-Party Defendants.
No. 11-1931.
United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit.
Jan. 18, 2013.
David L. Elkind, with whom John A. Gibbons and Dickstein Shapiro LLP were on brief, for appellant.
Guy A. Cellucci, with whom Shane R. Heskin, David B. Chaffin and White and Williams LLP were on brief, for appellees.
Before TORRUELLA, LIPEZ and HOWARD, Circuit Judges.
HOWARD, Circuit Judge.
This appeal is the latest chapter in a long-running dispute between Boston Gas Company (“Boston Gas”) and one of its insurers, Century Indemnity Company (“Century”). What’s more, the insured’s activities giving rise to the dispute stretch back more than a century. During the latter part of the 19th and well into the 20th century, Boston Gas produced gas fuel at facilities known as manufactured gas plants (“MGPs”). Faced with liability under Massachusetts law for the costs of investigating and remediating environmental contamination discovered at a number of former MGP sites, see Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 21E (2006), Boston Gas filed this diversity action seeking a declaratory judgment as to Century’s obligations under general commercial insurance (“GCL”) policies issued to Boston Gas by Century’s predecessor and damages for breach thereof. As relevant to this appeal, jury trials have been held with respect to two of the sites included in the cleanup, the Everett and Commercial Point sites. Boston Gas operated MGPs at the Everett and Commercial Point sites during the periods 1908-1969 and 1886-1930, respectively, and insured both sites with Century from 1951-1969.
The Everett site litigation was the first to go to trial. The jury awarded Boston Gas over $6.1 million in past remediation expenses, and the district court issued a declaratory judgment obligating Century to pay all future costs associated with the cleanup of the site. On appeal, a central issue involved the proper method under Massachusetts law for allocating liability for long-term environmental contamination where the defendant GCL insurer had provided coverage for the risk for only a portion of the time during which the contamination took place. Based on an existing intermediate state court decision, the district court had applied an “all sums” or “joint and several” allocation method, whereby an insurer is responsible for an insured’s total remediation costs as long as some property damage for which the insured is liable occurs during the policy period. Noting that the Commonwealth’s highest court had not yet ruled on the issue, which was “determinative of the scope of Boston Gas’ claim,” a panel of this court certified the allocation question to the Supreme Judicial Court (“SJC”). Boston Gas Co. v. Century Indem. Co., 529 F.3d 8, 23-24 (1st Cir.2008).
The SJC rejected an “all sums” approach in favor of pro rata allocation, pursuant to which each insurer is obligated to pay only those costs associated with damage occurring during its policy period. See Boston Gas Co. v. Century Indem. Co., 454 Mass. 337, 910 N.E.2d 290, 312 (2009). The court held that the preferred method for allocating damages on a pro rata basis is a “fact-based” determination of the losses occurring during each policy period, but in the event that the evidence does not permit such an allocation, losses should be allocated based on the insurer’s “time on the risk.” Id. at 316. Under the time-on-the-risk method, “each triggered policy bears a share of the total damages [up to its policy limit] proportionate to the number of years it was on the risk [the numerator], relative to the total number of years of triggered coverage [the denominator].” Id. at 313 (quoting 23 E.M. Holmes, Appleman on Insurance § 145.4[A][2][b], at 24 (2d ed.2003)). “Given the factual complexities of cases of this sort,” the SJC explained, “we defer to trial judges in the first instance to determine whether losses can be allocated based on the amount of property damage that in fact occurred during each policy period, or must instead be allocated on the basis of each insurer’s time on the risk.” Id. at 316.
Upon receipt of this guidance, we remanded to the district court to determine in the first instance “how far [the jury verdict] serve[d] as a predicate for employing the pro rata approach adopted by the SJC,” and for further proceedings as necessary. Boston Gas Co. v. Century Indem. Co., 588 F.3d 20, 23 (1st Cir.2009). The presiding trial judge found that the jury verdict could not support a pro rata allocation, thus necessitating a new trial. Pursuant to local rule, the global action was reassigned to a different judge. See D. Mass. R. 40.1(K)(1). Thereafter, the parties reached a settlement regarding the Everett site costs.
Meanwhile, the Commercial Point litigation, which is the subject of the present appeal, had proceeded to trial prior to the SJC’s ruling on allocation. At the conclusion of the nine-day trial, the jury returned a special verdict finding that property damage resulting in liability occurred during each of the eighteen years of the Century policies. The verdict form also required the jury to make findings regarding the applicability of two potential policy exclusions: the “expected/intended” exclusion, which excluded coverage for damage caused knowingly or intentionally, and the “owned property” exclusion, which barred coverage for costs incurred solely to remediate the insured’s own (as opposed to third party) property. The jury found that the owned property exclusion applied to one portion of the site (the “KeySpan upland” area), but found the expected/intended exclusion inapplicable. Asked to indicate “the amount Boston Gas Company ... has been legally obligated to pay for the investigation and/or remediation as a result of property damage at the Commercial Point site for which coverage was not excluded,” the jury responded with the amount of $1,699,145.79.
The trial judge deferred ruling on post-trial motions and entry of final judgment pending the outcome of the Everett appeal. Those motions now having been resolved, and entry of judgment in the Commercial Point litigation stipulated to, Boston Gas appeals on multiple grounds. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm in all respects.
Allocation
In the wake of the SJC ruling, Century moved for entry of judgment in its favor on the issue of allocation or, in the alternative, for a new trial on the timing and allocation of property damage. It argued that Boston Gas should be bound, under the doctrine of judicial estoppel, by its representations at trial that property damage had occurred continuously from the beginning of plant operations until the date of remediation. Century accordingly requested that the district court allocate damages evenly from 1886 through 2007 based on the time-on-the-risk method announced by the SJC. Boston Gas rejoined that the jury verdict already reflected a fact-based allocation and that judgment should be entered on that basis, viz., that all covered damages at the site occurred during Century’s policy periods.
The district court rejected Boston Gas’s view of the verdict and, concluding that the evidence did not permit a fact-based allocation and that Boston Gas was judicially estopped from contradicting its prior statements that contamination was continuous, allocated damages evenly across the 121-year span. In light of Century’s time on the risk, this had the effect of reducing its share of damages from 100 percent to less than 15 percent. Our review of each of these rulings is for abuse of discretion. See Jennings v. Jones, 587 F.3d 430, 436-37 (1st Cir.2009) (sustainability of jury verdict); Boston Gas, 910 N.E.2d at 316 (election of pro rata allocation method); Rockwood v. SKF USA Inc., 687 F.3d 1 (1st Cir.2012) (judicial estoppel); see also Guay v. Burack, 677 F.3d 10, 16 (1st Cir.2012) (“Under the abuse of discretion standard, we will not lightly substitute our judgment for that of the district court, and will reverse only if we are left with a definite and firm conviction that the court below committed a clear error of judgment.” (alterations omitted) (internal quotation marks omitted)).
As the district court observed, “[t]he core of the [parties’] disagreement is over what the verdict question on property damage from the 2007 trial actually asked.” The special verdict form asked: “Was the Commercial Point site exposed to hazardous materials in one or more years during the policy period, 1951 to 1969, and did the release of these hazardous materials result in liability from continuing contamination of soil, groundwater, air and/or sediment on the site (property damage)?” The jury answered “yes” for each of the eighteen years of coverage. Boston Gas claims that the jury’s response indicates a finding not just that some property damage occurred during each of Century’s policy years, but that all property damage occurred exclusively during the 1951-1969 period.
This proposed interpretation of the jury verdict is revisionist. As the trial judge in the Everett litigation explained in ruling that a substantially similar verdict could not serve as a basis for a pro rata allocation on remand, “[t]his verdict tried on one theory cannot, without some finesse, support another, very different theory.” Like the Everett litigation, the Commercial Point litigation proceeded to trial under an “all sums” theory of liability, pursuant to which Century was responsible for Boston Gas’s total cleanup costs as long as some property damage resulting in liability occurred during the Century policy period. The jury was therefore not asked to determine the quantum of property damage occurring during each year of Century’s policy period or whether damage occurred in other years, as would be required under either a fact-based or time-on-the-risk approach to allocation. Even more critically, the jury was not asked to assess the quantum of property damage occurring exclusively during Century’s policy period.
Nor did the verdict form’s specification that damage had to “result in liability” render the property damage question a fact-based allocation, as Boston Gas posits. Rather, the role that the inclusion of liability served in the question was as a trigger for coverage. Based on the then-governing “all sums” theory, Boston Gas had argued at trial that the jury should be asked only whether property damage occurred at any point during Century’s policy period. Under the language of its policies, Century had no duty to indemnify— even under an “all sums” theory — unless that damage resulted in third party liability. Thus, while Century agreed at trial that there was ongoing groundwater contamination at the site, it argued that such contamination was mild and did not require remediation under the governing regulatory scheme; damage to the soils and sediments, meanwhile, was said by Century to have occurred during plant operations only, which pre-dated the inception of the Century policies. The property damage question merely reflected the fact that Century’s liability-based policy would not have been triggered under such a scenario.
Given the limitations of the original jury verdict, the district court’s conclusion that it could not serve as a predicate for employing a fact-based allocation was not an abuse of its discretion, and the court therefore did not improperly vacate the jury’s verdict. See Mayo v. Schooner Capital Corp., 825 F.2d 566, 570 (1st Cir.1987) (recognizing “trial court’s duty to set aside the verdict and grant a new trial if [it] is of the opinion that the verdict is against the clear weight of the evidence, or is based on false evidence, or will result in a clear miscarriage of justice” (alteration omitted) (internal quotations omitted)).
In addition to properly assessing the impact of the verdict, the district court also acted within its discretion in determining that the trial evidence itself did not permit an accurate fact-based allocation. The district judge carefully reviewed the record and succinctly summarized the timing evidence presented at trial as follows:
The two sides agreed only on one aspect of the timing question, namely that the groundwater contamination had been occurring continuously from the time that the MGP was operative through the time of remediation. Century did dispute that any remediation was necessary to address this contamination.
All other timing issues were hotly contested. The two experts disagreed about whether soil contamination ceased in 1930, when the MGP shut down, or whether it continued after that date. Boston Gas argued that the timing of the soil, groundwater[,] and sediment contamination was continuous from the beginning of plant operations to the present.
Century’s expert disagreed, opining that the contamination at several areas of the site occurred during plant operations only.
Other aspects of the timing question were acknowledged to be uncertain by both sides. For example, the disposal of several drums containing non-aqueous phase liquid (“NAPL”) contributed to contamination of the site, and neither of the trial experts could say with any specificity when the drums were buried.
Finally, the record is disputed about the timing of contamination of the sediments area of the site, with Century’s experts arguing that it occurred during MGP operation and Boston Gas’ expert arguing that it occurred continuously over time via underground leaching.
(Internal citations omitted.) The court reasoned that because “almost every aspect of timing of contamination at the site is subject to intense factual dispute or uncertainty, ... the time on the risk method is the most appropriate and justiciable means of allocation.”
The conclusion reached by the district court was reasonable. No plausible interpretation of the evidence presented at trial would permit a jury to pinpoint damages in time and degree with any level of certainty; indeed, Boston Gas’s own expert expressly conceded at trial that he could not determine how much property damage occurred during any given period. Moreover, at no point during the more than a year and a half between the time of remand in Everett and the ruling at issue here did Boston Gas attempt to put forth new evidence that would permit such an allocation, despite (or perhaps because of) an ultimately withdrawn attempt to do so with respect to the Everett site. The Commercial Point site, so it appears from the record, presents precisely the sort of progressive environmental injury for which “it is both scientifically and administratively impossible to allocate to each policy the liability for injuries occurring only within its policy period” and to which a time-on-the-risk calculation should therefore apply. Boston Gas, 910 N.E.2d at 301 (quoting Comment, Allocating Progressive Injury Liability Among Successive Insurance Policies, 64 U. Chi. L.Rev. 257, 257-258 (1997)).
Turning to the application of the time-on-the-risk method, the district court agreed with Century that Boston Gas should be judicially estopped from contradicting its prior statements at trial that contamination was continuous from the time when plant operations began until the time of trial. The court concluded that “[bjased on the jury’s finding of contamination resulting in liability at the site in every policy year, ... Boston Gas was successful in its argument that contamination was continuous, at least through the end of the policy period.” The court therefore ruled that “Boston Gas is bound by its argument that soil, groundwater[,] and sediment contamination were continuous from the beginning of plant operations through the time of trial, and may not put forward any timing arguments contrary to this position.” Boston Gas objects to this ruling, claiming that it was an abuse of discretion that “improperly relieved Century of its burden of proving that other years were implicated by the claim.” The objection fails.
Judicial estoppel is an equitable doctrine that “prevents a litigant from pressing a claim that is inconsistent with a position taken by that litigant either in a prior legal proceeding or in an earlier phase of the same legal proceeding.” InterGen N.V. v. China, 344 F.3d 134, 144 (1st Cir.2003) (citing Pegram v. Herdrich, 530 U.S. 211, 227 n. 9, 120 S.Ct. 2143, 147 L.Ed.2d 164 (2000)). The doctrine’s primary purpose is “to protect the integrity of the judicial process.” New Hampshire v. Maine, 532 U.S. 742, 749, 121 S.Ct. 1808, 149 L.Ed.2d 968 (2001); accord Alternative Sys. Concepts, Inc. v. Synopsys, Inc., 374 F.3d 23, 33 (1st Cir.2004) (“The doctrine’s primary utility is to safeguard the integrity of the courts by preventing parties from improperly manipulating the machinery of the justice system.”). In line with this purpose, we have recognized two conditions that must be satisfied for judicial estoppel to attach. First, “the estopping position and the estopped position must be directly inconsistent, that is, mutually exclusive.” Alternative Sys. Concepts, Inc., 374 F.3d at 33. Second, “the responsible party must have succeeded in persuading a court to accept its prior position.” Id. We have explained that “[t]he presence of these elements creates the appearance that either the first court has been misled or the second court will be misled, thus raising the specter of inconsistent determinations and endangering the integrity of the judicial process.” Id. (citing New Hampshire, 532 U.S. at 750-51, 121 S.Ct. 1808.)
Boston Gas disputes that these elements are satisfied here. It contends that any discussion at trial about continuous contamination applied only to the groundwater under its owned property, referred to as the KeySpan upland area of the Commercial Point site, and that it “never offered testimony concerning the timing of contamination at [the areas which Boston Gas did not own],” specifically, the Old Colony Yacht Club (“OCYC”) area of the Commercial Point site and the sediments adjacent to the OCYC. Because the jury found the owned property exclusion applicable, the argument goes, Boston Gas cannot be said to have prevailed on its argument urging coverage as a result of continuous groundwater contamination.
The record does not support Boston Gas’s characterization of its evidence. To begin, trial testimony concerning continuous groundwater contamination was not limited to the KeySpan upland area. To the contrary, it included ample discussion of ongoing damage to the distinct groundwater flow beneath the unowned area of the site, as well. Furthermore, a full and fair reading of the record leaves no doubt that the theory presented by Boston Gas at trial was that once tars and oils entered the ground during plant operations, they caused site-wide, continuous contamination of not only groundwater but also soil and sediments. Boston Gas’s expert expressly testified, for example, that “[t]he timing of the contamination is — was and is basically from the beginning of the plant to present day. The kind of contamination is both soil, groundwater, and sediment contamination.” This argument had been previewed during Boston Gas’s opening statement, in which it asserted that “releases of tars and oils into soil and groundwater and sediment” had resulted in “indivisible property damage and cumulatively [sic].” It was also echoed at closing, when Boston Gas argued that its remedial efforts were designed to remedy a “continuing process” by “removing] contaminants to soil that have leached into groundwater, into sediments, and into air.”
Indeed, absent Boston Gas’s argument that contamination at the OCYC and sediment areas was continuous from the time of plant operations, there would have been no factual basis to support the jury’s finding that property damage occurred in one or both of those areas during each year of the 1951-1969 Century policy period. See generally Millipore Corp. v. Travelers Indem. Co., 115 F.3d 21, 32 & n. 17 (1st Cir.1997) (highlighting the “well settled” rule of Massachusetts law that the insured bears the burden of proving that damage occurred during the policy period). Boston Gas suggests otherwise, stating that “The jury heard evidence of contamination caused by ‘decommissioning’ (demolition) activities at the site during the 1950s and 1960s that could have damaged the OCYC and sediment through subsurface migration.” The limited testimony concerning the decommissioning activities, however, indicated that those activities occurred either during or shortly after plant operations — meaning that any covered property damage resulting from those activities would have been ongoing in the 1920s or 1930s — or, taking the most appellant-friendly view, at unspecified times in the 1950s or 1960s — in which case the evidence of these activities would alone be insufficient to support the jury’s finding of damage occurring during each of the policy years. See generally Boston Gas, 529 F.3d at 23 (noting that a jury verdict will not stand if “unsupported by any rational view of the evidence”). The district court therefore properly concluded that Boston Gas advanced and prevailed at trial on a theory of continuous contamination.
Boston Gas says, however, that even assuming satisfaction of the two requisite elements for the application of judicial es-toppel, applying the doctrine in this case would be inequitable. Specifically, it contends that judicial estoppel is inappropriate because it was not playing “fast and loose” with the court, but merely responding to a change in the law. These considerations, though relevant to the analysis, e.g., Thore v. Howe, 466 F.3d 173, 184 (1st Cir.2006) (“Judicial estoppel is, after all, a doctrine of equity”), are insufficient to tip the scales of equity in Boston Gas’s favor.
We acknowledge the difficult position in which Boston Gas finds itself. In the words of the district court,
The fundamental change in the insurance law underlying this case has the potential to spur each party to adopt a position inconsistent with its earlier position. Because pro rata allocation is now the rule, Century now has an incentive to argue that the contamination was continuous over as long a period as possible (to reduce its pro rata share), and Boston Gas has an incentive to argue that the contamination was cabined in as narrow a period as possible (to maximize its recovery from Century).
Be that as it may, this case nevertheless is not of a kind thought to merit an exception to judicial estoppel. This is not, for example, an instance in which “a party’s prior position was based on inadvertence or mistake.” New Hampshire, 532 U.S. at 753, 121 S.Ct. 1808; accord Alternative Sys. Concepts, Inc., 374 F.3d at 35 (recognizing that an exception may be available “if ... the new, inconsistent position is the product of information neither known nor readily available to [a party] at the time the initial position was taken”); InterGen N.V., 344 F.3d at 144 (declining “to institute a rule that unduly inhibits a plaintiff from appropriately adjusting its complaint either to correct errors or to accommodate facts learned during pretrial discovery”). To the extent that the timing of contamination at the Commercial Point site was knowable at all (as we have seen, the record suggests otherwise), that information would have been discoverable by Boston Gas prior to trial. Boston Gas deliberately opted, however, to present a factual scenario under which contamination was continuous. Good faith notwithstanding, Boston Gas may not now “assert a contradictory position simply because its interests have changed.” Guay, 677 F.3d at 16; see also id. (“Although we have characterized the archetypal judicial estoppel case as one in which a litigant is playing fast and loose with the courts, such tactics are not a prerequisite for application of the doctrine. A party is not automatically excused from judicial estoppel if the earlier statement was made in good faith.”).
Boston Gas’s additional argument that the subsequent change in governing law precludes application of the judicial estop-pel doctrine is similarly unavailing. Without exception, the cases that Boston Gas cites in support of this contention entail changes in parties’ legal positions, not their factual positions. See Longaberger Co. v. Kolt, 586 F.3d 459, 469-71 (6th Cir.2009) (permitting party to alter legal theory of recovery in response to change in law); Biomedical Patent Mgmt. Corp. v. Cal. Dep’t of Health Servs., 2006 WL 1530177, at *5-6 (N.D.Cal. June 5, 2006), aff'd, 505 F.3d 1328 (Fed.Cir.2007) (permitting party to change legal claim of jurisdiction); Eagle-Picher Indus., Inc. v. Am. Employer’s Ins. Co., 678 F.Supp. 15, 16-19 (D.Mass.1988) (allowing insured to argue different legal theory of “trigger”). While we have acknowledged that the application of judicial estoppel to changes in legal theories presents “complicated issues,” such concerns do not arise where judicial estoppel is applied to prevent a party from asserting inconsistent “historical facts,” as Boston Gas attempts to do here. See Thore, 466 F.3d at 182 & n. 3. Rather, a party’s “directly conflicting statements about purely factual matters, such as ‘The light was red/green,’ ” present precisely the sort of threat to judicial integrity that the doctrine of judicial estop-pel was designed to prevent. Cleveland v. Policy Mgmt. Sys. Corp., 526 U.S. 795, 802, 119 S.Ct. 1597, 143 L.Ed.2d 966 (1999).
Discerning no abuse of discretion in the district court’s application of judicial estop-pel, we affirm its entry of judgment allocating damages evenly across the 121-year span from the time of plant operations to trial. Consequently, Century is, as was found below, liable for 14.9% of the sum total of Boston Gas’s recoverable costs. We next address the district court’s rulings on issues that implicate that sum.
Owned Property
Boston Gas challenges the district court’s denial of its post-trial motion seeking judgment as a matter of law on the owned property exclusion. Before the district court, Boston Gas argued that, in light of uncontested evidence that a driving purpose behind the remediation of the KeySpan upland area was to remedy the impact to the air above the site, the owned property exclusion could not apply because Boston Gas does not own the air. The district court denied the motion, concluding that the relevant factor for purposes of the owned property exclusion was whether contamination posed a risk to third party property and citing testimony from which the jury could have found that any air contamination at the site posed no such risk. The court stated, “It is true that Boston Gas does not own the air over its property; however, no third party does either, so if the risk does not extend beyond Boston Gas’s own borders, there is no danger of third party liability.” Here, too, the district court’s ruling must be affirmed.
The denial of a motion for judgment as a matter of law engenders de novo review. Rodríguez-García v. Miranda-Marin, 610 F.3d 756, 765 (1st Cir.2010). In examining questions of Massachusetts law, our task is to apply the prior pronouncements of the SJC and, in the absence of precedent directly on point, make an informed prediction as to what the SJC would decide if presented with the question. See Andrew Robinson Int’l, Inc. v. Hartford Fire Ins. Co., 547 F.3d 48, 51-52 (1st Cir.2008). “As to matters of fact, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, making no determinations of our own as to the credibility of witnesses or the weight of the evidence, reversing only if a reasonable person could not have reached the conclusion of the jury.” Rodríguez-García, 610 F.3d at 765 (citation omitted) (internal quotation marks omitted).
Arguing on appeal against application of the owned property exclusion, Boston Gas posits that the air is owned by the Commonwealth and thus any impact to the air constitutes third-party property damage. It protests that the district court’s determination that “no third party” owns the air would appear to require that privately owned property be affected for the owned property exclusion not to apply. In its view, such a principle would contravene those cases that permit recovery for remediation of surface water contamination notwithstanding that “no private third party owns the surface water.”
According to Century, Boston Gas’s analogy to groundwater ownership is both inaccurate and inapposite. In an argument that finds support in contemporary case law, Century asserts that the Commonwealth’s regulatory interest in ground and surface waters is not the equivalent of ownership, which remains with private landowners. See Gamer v. Town of Mil ton, 346 Mass. 617, 195 N.E.2d 65, 67 (1964) (“It [ ] is, of course, settled in this Commonwealth that a landowner has absolute ownership in the subsurface percolating water in his land.”); Walsh v. Hingham Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 24 Mass. L. Rptr. 51, 2008 WL 2097384, at *6 (Mass.Super. Feb. 29, 2008) (“The Commonwealth’s extensive regulatory powers over groundwater are nevertheless not the legal equivalent of separate legal ownership by the Commonwealth of all groundwater on private property. Private landowners still retain separate ownership rights.... ” (citing In re Opinion of the Justices, 300 Mass. 607, 14 N.E.2d 468, 471 (1938))). In any event, Century says, the relevant issue is not who owns the air, but whether releases to the air “infringe upon the public’s use or enjoyment of the air or create tangible injury to another’s use of its property” — evidence of which is lacking here.
In Hakim v. Massachusetts Insurers’ Insolvency Fund, 424 Mass. 275, 675 N.E.2d 1161 (1997), the leading Massachusetts case on the owned property exclusion in environmental spill cases, the SJC considered whether the owned property exclusion in the plaintiffs liability policy barred coverage for costs incurred for the cleanup of on-site soils following an oil spill on its property. See id. at 1163. As we have previously explained, “the court held that when pollutants have migrated from the insured’s property to an adjacent property — or perhaps even when the threat of such migration is imminent — ‘coverage [to remediate the insured’s property] is not barred if the [on-site] cleanup is designed to remediate, to prevent or to abate further migration of contaminants to the off-site property.’ ” Boston Gas, 529 F.3d at 16 (quoting Hakim, 675 N.E.2d at 1164 & n. 8) (emphasis omitted); accord Rubenstein v. Royal Ins. Co. of America, 44 Mass.App.Ct. 842, 694 N.E.2d 381, 389 (1998) (construing Hakim).
Courts applying Hakim in cases involving groundwater contamination have uniformly done so in a manner contrary to Boston Gas’s position here, rejecting the notion that an insurer’s duty to indemnify could be triggered by contamination of groundwater that is located solely on the insured’s property and poses no threat of off-site migration. See, e.g., Fitchburg Gas & Elec. Light Co. v. One Beacon Am. Ins. Co., 27 Mass. L. Rptr. 567, 2010 WL 5490148, at *2 (Mass.Super. Nov. 26, 2010); Walsh, 2008 WL 2097384, at *5-6; Mass. Elec. Co. v. Commercial Union Ins., 20 Mass. L. Rptr. 148, 2005 WL 3489896, at *1-2 (Mass.Super. Oct. 18, 2005); Preferred Mut. Ins. Co. v. Gordon, 2003 WL 21077026, at *13-14 (Mass.Super. May 13, 2003). They have done so, moreover, irrespective of their views of groundwater ownership. Compare Walsh, 2008 WL 2097384, at *6 (“Because the Commonwealth’s extensive regulatory interest in groundwater on private property is not the equivalent of ownership, liability coverage for pollution damage to groundwater on the insured’s property is excluded by the exclusion for damage to property owned by the insured.”), with Massachusetts Elec. Co., 2005 WL 3489896, at *1 (“This court rejects the defendants’ argument that groundwater is the insured’s property for purposes of the owned property exclusion, given the current understanding of groundwater as a shared public resource and the complexities of environmental contamination and cleanup.”). One court, in fact, has expressly “decline[d] to base [its] decision on real property ownership issues with respect to groundwater.” Preferred Mut. Ins. Co., 2003 WL 21077026, at *14. After careful analysis of the governing law, the court concluded that “[a]s long as there is a significant threat of the contaminated groundwater’s migrating off the [insured’s] Property, then [the insurer’s] duty to indemnify [the insured] is triggered.” Id. at *14.
These cases evince a concern not with ownership of the vehicle by which the migration of contaminants occurs, but whether such migration poses a significant risk to the public or to private third parties’ use and enjoyment of their property. This approach, in our view, is consistent with both Hakim and the nature of liability coverage, which is “designed to indemnify the insured when a claim by another party (including a claim by the Commonwealth) requires the insured to incur costs to reduce the damage to another person’s property or to compensate the other person for ... damage to his or her property.” Walsh, 2008 WL 2097384, at *5. We therefore find it unnecessary to delve deeper into property law and land use issues concerning air rights above Boston Gas’s property. Rather, we conclude that Boston Gas is entitled to judgment as a matter of law on the owned property exclusion only if the evidence indubitably established a significant risk of migration.
A reasonable jury could be persuaded that no such evidence existed here. While Boston Gas contends that there was uncontested evidence of impact to the air at the site, there was also ample evidence from which a jury could find that any such impact posed no risk beyond Boston Gas’s borders. When asked whether “the air over the Boston Gas land might have been a danger to human health,” Century’s expert explained:
No, I don’t think so, that’s the case at all. The inhalation risk is a confined space issue, and if you send a worker into an excavation, there’s all sorts of training requirements. That would be what the risk is. It would be a worker in a confined space who may breathe this, not somebody who is walking on the surface of the site.
Boston Gas’s own risk assessment report for the Commercial Point site similarly indicated that the “inhalation risks” of which Boston Gas complains derived solely from direct releases from soil caused by Boston Gas’s own use of its property, specifically “inhalation of soil-derived dust (at ground surface and in an excavation)” and “inhalation of COPCs [Constituents of Potential Concern] volatized from soil into an excavation.” That report further concluded, “The Massachusetts Air Quality Standards related to ambient concentrations of so-called ‘criteria pollutants’ (sulfer oxides, particulate, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and lead), which are not among the COPC for the Site.”
A reasonable jury could determine from this evidence that inhalation risks related solely to Boston Gas’s use of its own property and presented no potential for third party impact. Absent such potential, Boston Gas’s motion for judgment as a matter of law on the owned property exclusion was properly denied.
Damages
Boston Gas’s next claim of error pertains to the district court’s disposition of Century’s post-trial motion to correct the verdict. In that motion, Century asserted that the jury mistakenly awarded Boston Gas the sum of the stipulated costs of investigating the entire site ($297,-085.46) and investigating and remediating the KeySpan upland area (Boston Gas owned property that should have been excluded from coverage) ($1,402,060.33) instead of subtracting that amount (totaling $1,699,145.79) from the total costs ($2,717,-693.44) to arrive at what Century argues would have been the correct final covered damages amount ($1,018,547.65).
The damages question on the verdict form asked: “What is the amount Boston Gas Company (or KeySpan) has been le-gaily obligated to pay for the investigation and/or remediation as a result of property damage at the Commercial Point site for which coverage was not excluded?” Century posited that the jury overlooked the word “not” and thus inadvertently entered the amount that it found was excluded under the owned property exclusion. This “clerical mistake,” Century argued, was “mathematically certain to a penny” and subject to correction under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(a). See Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(a) (“The court may correct a clerical mistake or a mistake arising from oversight or omission whenever one is found in a judgment, order, or other part of the record.”).
The district agreed that it was “highly probable that a mistake was made” in recording the verdict but concluded that “the mistake appears to have been substantive rather than clerical.” See generally Bowen Inv., Inc. v. Carneiro Donuts, Inc., 490 F.3d 27, 29 (1st Cir.2007) (“The relevant test for the applicability of Rule 60(a) is whether the change affects substantive rights of the parties ... or is instead a clerical, or a copying or computational mistake, which is correctable under the Rule.” (quoting In re Tex. Marktg. Corp., 12 F.3d 497, 504 (5th Cir.1994))). The court reasoned that even if Century was correct that the jury misread the verdict question as requesting the amount of Boston Gas’s liability that was subject to exclusion, its explanation failed to account for the jury’s inclusion in that amount the entire $297,085.46 in general site investigation costs. The court observed that the jury was unlikely to have found all of the general site investigation costs excludable.
The court likewise rejected Boston Gas’s defense of the verdict, deeming Boston Gas’s proffered scenario highly unlikely: that “the jury worked through each invoice for the KeySpan area, determined what amounts were spent to remediate Boston Gas’s owned property, and derived an amount that [coincidentally] corresponded exactly to the difference between the stipulated total cost and the stipulated costs at the KeySpan area plus the general site investigation costs.” Finding it improbable that four years after trial “any of the jurors would recall their deliberations, let alone the trial evidence, with sufficient precision to clarify the verdict,” the court vacated the damages award as against the weight of the evidence and ordered a new trial on the limited issue of which of the costs are subject to the owned property exclusion.
A trial court is authorized to grant a new trial if it determines that “the verdict is against the weight of the evidence .... ” Jennings, 587 F.3d at 438. Our review of the district court’s grant of a new trial is for abuse of discretion. Id. Despite Boston Gas’s protestations to the contrary, there was no such abuse here.
The district court carefully evaluated the parties’ arguments and reasonably concluded that neither was adequate to support the jury’s damages calculation. It is true, as Boston Gas asserts and the district court acknowledged, that in addition to receiving a summary of stipulated costs per area, “[t]he jury had access to specific invoices that could have allowed it to determine with particularity what costs were spent on soil remediation [at the KeySpan upland area] as opposed to addressing third party property.” But the likelihood that a jury’s review of those invoices would have resulted in a covered damages amount precisely corresponding to the sum of general site costs and excluded costs entered into evidence is infinitesimal. The improbability of Boston Gas’s scenario would appear to lend credence to Century’s argument that the jury simply reversed the recoverable and unrecoverable amounts.
Century’s proposed interpretation of events is not, however, without its own shortcomings. In a ruling that is not challenged on appeal, the district court rejected Century’s contention that investigation costs amount to defense costs for which it is not obligated to pay under the language of its policies. The court reasoned that “[b]ecause ... assessment [of the environmental damage at the site] was an indispensable step in the ultimate remediation process, the ‘investigation costs’ actually at issue here are a subcategory of remediation costs.” See Martignetti v. Haigh-Farr Inc., 425 Mass. 294, 680 N.E.2d 1131, 1140 n. 22 (1997) (noting that under Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 21E, “ ‘[r]esponse’ is defined ... as including assessment, containment, and removal” (emphasis added)); 42 U.S.C. § 9601(23) (defining the term “removal” under the analogous federal statute as including “such actions as may be necessary to monitor, assess, and evaluate the release or threat of release of hazardous substances”). Pursuant to this ruling, general site investigation costs are com-pensable to the extent that they were necessary to assess threats to third party property. Cf. Boston Gas, 529 F.3d at 17 (stating that under the owned property exclusion, “only that remediation necessary to protect against off-site contamination is compensable; further costs, however useful to mitigate on-site contamination, are not”). As Boston Gas points out, the jury heard testimony and had access to environmental reports from which a rational fact-finder could infer that the general site investigation costs were incurred at least in part for that purpose. “Therefore,” as the district court concluded, “the theory that the jury found all of the [general] site investigation costs excluded under the owned property exclusion is similarly unlikely.”
Unable to reconcile the damages award with the arguments and evidence presented at trial, the district court properly vacated the verdict as being against the clear weight of the evidence. While Boston Gas accuses the district court of improperly invading the province of the jury, we view its decision to grant a new trial as designed to avoid just that. In short, there was no abuse of discretion.
Newly Discovered Contamination
Boston Gas lastly complains of the district court’s ruling that newly discovered contamination at the Commercial Point site should be addressed by way of a separate legal action. Shortly before the issuance of the memorandum and order on which the judgment in this case is based, Boston Gas filed a “Motion to Adjourn the Trial Date in favor of a Status Conference to Address New Areas of Contamination.” In that motion, Boston Gas informed the court that it had recently discovered “substantial additional contamination at Commercial Point that will require further investigation and remediation at areas that are different from the areas of contamination that were tried in 2007.” It requested that the district court permit further discovery, expert opinions, and a trial on the timing of the new area of contamination. Boston Gas contends that the court’s refusal to do so amounts to reversible error because it “promotes improper claim splitting, and could subject the later action to principles of res judicata.” In response, Century argues that Boston Gas waived any right to contest this ruling by stipulating to a declaratory judgment entitling it to “14.9 percent of reasonable and necessary future investigation and/or remediation costs relating to offsite property damage at or around the Commercial Point site for which Boston Gas is liable, up to the Century insurance policy limits.” (Emphasis added.)
We need not tarry. The district court enjoys broad discretion in determining whether to hold separate trials in the same case. Asociacion De Periodistas De P.R. v. Mueller, 680 F.3d 70, 77 (1st Cir.2012). Similarly, district courts enjoy broad discretion in managing their dockets, and we will reverse the denial of a continuance only for abuse of that discretion. Delgado v. Pawtucket Police Dep’t, 668 F.3d 42, 50 (1st Cir.2012). The district court’s decisions here, based on the need for closure of this decade-long action, fell well within the encincture of that discretion. Whether and to what extent litigation concerning newly discovered contamination is barred by the doctrine of res judicata or by the reach of the declaratory judgment is a matter for the district court to determine in the first instance if and when the issue arises.
Conclusion
For the reasons set forth above, we affirm the district court in all respects and remand for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion. We do so noting, once again, that “[tjhis litigation, plainly unusually complicated, has been well-handled by the district court,” and urge “the parties ... to consider whether a settlement between them is feasible before more time and expense is devoted to further litigation.” Boston Gas, 588 F.3d at 23-24.
. Boston Gas also argues that Century forfeited its right to challenge the jury verdict by failing to raise its objections while the jury was still empaneled. This argument conflates the standards applicable to challenges to substantive inconsistencies in a jury verdict and those complaining of clerical error only. Compare Howard v. Antilla, 294 F.3d 244, 250 (1st Cir.2002) ("[T]he only efficient time to cure ... possible problems of inconsistency would be after the jury announced the results of its deliberations and before it was excused ..."), with Bowen Inv., Inc. v. Carneiro Donuts, Inc., 490 F.3d 27, 29 (1st Cir.2007) (noting that a motion for request for relief under Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(a) can be filed "at any time after judgment enters”). Here, Century claimed clerical error and therefore was not required to mount its challenge prior to the jury’s release. And while the district court rejected Century’s suggestion of clerical error, it did not treat the issue as one of internal inconsistency, which would have required a more speedy response from Century, see Howard, 294 F.3d at 250. Instead, the district court invoked the "against the weight of the evidence” language associated with Fed. R.Civ.P. 59(a)(1)(A). Jennings v. Jones, 587 F.3d 430, 436 (1st Cir.2009). We therefore find no forfeiture of the issue.
. Century further argues that the jury could not have apportioned costs in the manner suggested by Boston Gas because the owned property exclusion was submitted to the jury on an “all or nothing" basis, a contention that Boston Gas necessarily rejects. Finding independent grounds to support the grant of a new trial, we need not resolve this dispute here. We emphasize, however, that we have previously held that an "all or nothing” approach to the owned property exclusion is improper, see Boston Gas, 529 F.3d at 16-17; see also discussion of investigation costs, infra, and that, as such, the jury on remand should be permitted to determine whether and to what extent costs associated with the owned property were incurred to assess and prevent off-site damage.
| CASELAW |
Temporal, spatial and tissue-specific expression of a myogenin-lacZ transgene targeted to the Hprt locus in mice
Jay L. Vivian, William H. Klein, Paul Hasty
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
15 Scopus citations
Abstract
A lacZ transgene, expressed by the myogenin promoter, was introduced into the mouse hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) locus by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Embryos between E10.5-E18.5 days were analyzed for expression of the transgene after staining for β-galactosidase activity. Transgene expression was restricted to the skeletal muscle lineages reflecting a similar temporal and spatial pattern previously demonstrated for the endogenous myogenin gene. Additionally, a second transgene, MC1tk, showed expression in 87% of the clones when targeted to Hprt. This strategy, called targeted transgenesis, provides control for analyzing promoter sequences and for comparing various transgenes expressed by the same promoter.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)154-163
Number of pages10
JournalBioTechniques
Volume27
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 1999
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Biotechnology
• Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
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Study type: Medical/biological study (experimental study)
Does MW Radiation Affect Gene Expression, Apoptotic Level, and Cell Cycle Progression of Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells? med./bio.
Published in: Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74 (2): 99-107
Aim of study (acc. to author)
The effects of exposure of neuroblastoma cells to a 2.1 GHz electromagnetic field (W-CDMA) on apoptosis and cell cycle progression should be investigated.
Background/further details
Neuroblastoma cells were used as a in vitro model for neural cells in embryos and infants, as it is assumed that these developmental stages are more sensitive to electromagnetic fields than adults.
Endpoint
Exposure
Exposure Parameters
Exposure 1: 2.1 GHz
Exposure duration: continuous for 24 hours
Exposure 1
Main characteristics
Frequency 2.1 GHz
Type
Exposure duration continuous for 24 hours
Modulation
Modulation type cf. additional info
Additional info
W-CDMA modulation
Exposure setup
Exposure source
Chamber polystyrene plate with 24 wells in a CO2 incubator
Setup antenna which radiated vertically upwards on the well plate 1 mm above; the temperature inside the incubator was kept constant at 37°C
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
electric field strength 55 V/m - measured - -
power 0.316 W - - - antenna input power
SAR 0.235 W/kg minimum calculated 1 g -
SAR 0.491 W/kg maximum calculated 1 g -
SAR 0.35 W/kg mean calculated 1 g -
Exposed system:
Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology
Investigated system:
Time of investigation:
• after exposure
Main outcome of study (acc. to author)
The gene expressions of c-myc and cyclin D1 were significantly decreased and the percentage of cells in G1 phase was significantly higher in exposed cells compared to sham exposed cells, indicating cell cycle arrest in G1 phase.
There were no significant differences in apoptosis, cell viability or DNA fragmentation observed between exposed and sham exposed cells.
The authors conclude that exposure of neuroblastoma cells to a 2.1 GHz electromagnetic field (W-CDMA) has no effect on apoptosis but might change the cell cycle progression.
Study character:
Study funded by
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A course in abstract algebra - download pdf or read online
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32, page 16. 34, page 17. 36, page 18. 38, page 18. 35, page 17. 37, page 18. 39, page 18. 40, page 18. 42, page 19. 46, page 22. 43, page 21. 45, page 21. 47, page 22. 48, page 22. 50, page 24. 36 Matrices yield an important and rich class of groups, many of which are nonabelian. 44 Matrix groups led naturally to a discussion of geometric operations on vector spaces, and in particular we considered isometries: operations which preserve distance. 50 Composition of permutations is groups associative, there is an obvious identity permutation ι, and bijections are necessarily invertible.
54 Any permutation σ ∈ Sn can be written as a product of disjoint cyclic permutations. Because these cyclic permutations are disjoint, they are independent: they don’t interact with each other, in the sense that since they act on disjoint subsets of X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, they don’t step on each others’ toes. Therefore, it doesn’t matter what order we apply them to the set X, and so the cycles (1 2 4) and (3 5) commute. ) A slight disadvantage with cycle notation is that it isn’t so obvious how to multiply permutations together.
Kn = ι . . ι = ι. i k. Then Therefore, π n = ι if and only if li |n for 1 i k. So in particular, n must be the smallest positive integer which divides each of the li , which is to say that it must be the lowest common multiple lcm(li , . . , lk ). So |σ | = l (σ ) = 3, but |τ | = lcm(2, 3) = 6. Now let’s look again at the permutation σ = (2 3 5). This has length 3, but is it possible to express it as a product of even shorter (but possibly not disjoint) cyclic permutations? 58 Any finite permutation σ in some (possibly infinite) symmetric group Sym( X ) can be expressed as a product of (not necessarily disjoint) transpositions.
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A general approach for the synthesis of bimetallic M–Sn (M = Ru, Rh and Ir) catalysts for efficient hydrogenolysis of ester
Akshaya Kumar Samal, Haibo Zhu, Moussab Harb, Shiv Sangaru, Dalaver H. Anjum, Mohamed N. Hedhili, Youssef Saih, Jean-Marie Basset
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
5 Scopus citations
Abstract
A versatile synthetic method was applied for the preparation of Sn containing bimetallic catalysts. The synthesis was performed by simply mixing the super hydride [LiB(C2H5)(3)H], with a metal (Ru, Rh or Ir) salt and an organotin complex in tetrahydrofuran solvent without using any surfactant. This leads to the formation of monodispersed M-Sn (M = Ru, Rh or Ir) bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs). These bimetallic catalysts show high performances in the hydrogenolysis of ester to the corresponding alcohol.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)581-586
Number of pages6
JournalCatal. Sci. Technol.
Volume7
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - 2017
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I need to generate a random binary number (or decimal and convert it), and store that number in an array, needless to say im lost and would appreciate any help. Thx
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Last Post by samtronxindia
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All numbers are stored in binary. Do you mean generate a random number and then save the binary conversion as a string?
0
exactly, just need it to be 8 bits long, I've looked around i just cant find anything that doesnt just output it to the screen
0
The bitset class lets you work with bits, and you can easily print them too.
#include <bitset>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
for ( int i = 0; i < 10; ++i ) {
cout<< bitset<8>( unsigned char( rand() ) ) <<"\n";
}
return 0;
}
There's also a to_string() method that turns the bitset into a string that you can store. But if this is homework I don't know if your teacher will let it slide.
0
Thanks alot, big help. This isnt for any homework so thanks for the to string tip.
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Who was Edward Colston and why is Bristol divided by his legacy?
This article was first published in February 2018
Bristol's fame and wealth were built on the slave trade and few slave traders were more infamous or wealthy than Edward Colston. Almost 300 years since his death, his past is set to be formally acknowledged by the city for the first time. But does this go far enough?
Colston made his fortune through human suffering. Between 1672 and 1689, ships are believed to have transported about 80,000 men, women and children from Africa to the Americas.
However, in the city he called home, his memory has been honoured for centuries. On his death in 1721, he bequeathed his wealth to charities and his legacy can still be seen on Bristol's streets, memorials and buildings.
His statue, which stands on Colston Avenue in the city centre, makes no mention of his notorious past. But this could be about to change.
The city council is proposing to put a plaque on the statue which will recognise and acknowledge the people Colston and others in the city enslaved.
It's a move that has been a long time coming, says Ros Martin, one of the driving forces behind the Countering Colston campaign group.
"The plaque is good but we need it to be part of an ongoing examination of historical narrative and a change of attitudes and culture.
"What we want goes beyond tokenism - we want institutions and organisations in the city to examine their history and acknowledge their individual roles in the slave trade and beyond."
The drive to reconsider Bristol's attitude to Colston has long been gathering momentum.
Not before time, says Miles Chambers, the city's poet laureate.
"Some people don't get that black people still feel the full impact of slavery today.
"We can look at the descendants of the slaves and economically they are still worse off; psychologically they are still worse off; mentally they still feel collectively as inferior; more African-Caribbean males are disproportionately in prison and in the judicial system; they do worse at schools; economically are paid less and are working less.
"The pattern continues and even though many people say slavery is over, because of those legacies we still feel enslaved.
"A name change or statue move is not going to rectify racism or eradicate the slave mentality that still exists, but it will help to say to black people: 'You are equal to us, you are British, you are valuable and you mean as much to us as any other citizen.'"
In 1680 Colston became a member of the Royal African Company which at the time had a monopoly on the slave trade. By 1689 he had risen to become its deputy governor.
Slaves bought in West Africa were branded with the company initials RAC, then herded on to ships and plunged into a nightmarish voyage.
Closely shackled together, hundreds of enslaved people lay in their own filth; disease, suicide and murder claimed between 10 and 20 per cent of them during the six to eight week voyage to the Americas.
Human suffering on this scale made Colston rich and a grateful Bristol honoured his benevolence; naming dozens of buildings, institutions, charities, schools, sports clubs, pubs, societies and roads after him.
His charity is commemorated during processions and church services. School children have paid homage to him at services. His statue stands in the city centre, inscribed as a "memorial of one of the most virtuous and wise sons of the city".
For hundreds of years, he has been unquestionably venerated.
"Colston may have helped more people than he abused but the people he abused and their descendants say this is unacceptable and although they are a minority, something needs to be done about it," says Mr Chambers.
"We are still seeing the effects of slavery in this city, there is still money from slavery in this city and so we can't ignore it."
There have been questions about Colston and his profile in Bristol since the 1920s but they remained largely ignored until 1999 when Prof Madge Dresser, at the University of West England, spoke about Colston and his involvement in the slave trade.
The next morning, "Slave Trader" was scrawled across his statue.
The graffiti was scrubbed off and the city went back to turning a blind eye until two years ago, when Countering Colston ignited the debate once again.
It has staged protests outside many events linked to Colston and called for the city to remember, among other things, the "full, true history of transatlantic slavery, colonialism and exploitation".
"When you come to Bristol you go around the streets and, for anyone outside coming in, they must think 'Who is this man?' and 'Why are so many buildings, roads and schools named after him?'," says Ms Martin.
"I think it's very disingenuous, very disrespecting of the memory of African ancestors who contributed to the wealth of the city through enslaved labour. They suffered and there is not enough recognition in any way.
"[Countering Colston] would like to see permanent public art works as a memorial to the victims of the city's human trafficking into enslavement.
"I would like all those institutions that played a role in this business of transatlantic inhumanity to provide public exhibitions of their involvement and a monument to those who suffered in their institution."
Countering Colston's work is beginning to make its mark.
After Colston Hall announced it was severing any connection with the slave trader, others swiftly followed.
For the first time in centuries, a controversial church service in his name was dropped last year; the custodians of St Stephen's citing a "growing concern" about a man who made his money from buying and selling people.
However, for some the campaign is simply going too far.
"We all knew what he'd done but it wasn't spoken about," says Jane Ghosh, a former head girl of Colston Girls school. Founded in 1891 with an endowment left in his will, the school has steadfastly refused to drop his name.
During her school days, Ms Ghosh took part in many Charter Day ceremonies to commemorate the school's founder. As head girl, she joined the procession through the city to placed a wreath on his tomb, while Colston buns - created by and named after the merchant - were handed out during the service.
"I'm not an apologist [for slavery] but I am a realist," she continues.
"So many families, so many buildings in Bristol are connected to the slave trade and one of the reasons I get a bit cross is because I think, 'Why are we picking on Colston?'
"So many people were a mixture of good and bad - as we all are - and he seems to be singled out and I don't know why."
Between 1698 and 1807 just over 2,100 Bristol ships set sail on slaving voyages with many of the earliest voyages funded by ordinary people who provided cash or goods to be bartered for captured slaves.
That Colston's name has not disappeared with time is testament to his membership of an influential and selective group of Bristol businessmen.
The Society of Merchant Venturers helped set up and run many of the institutions and charities that still bear his name.
Former museum curator and society member Francis Greenacre says the achievements of a man who did so much for charity have now been overshadowed by the debate about his name.
"His status was extraordinary... the extent of his charity was vast in Bristol and enormous in London, as it was throughout the country."
His wealth also founded schools and almshouses for the poor and he entrusted the society to carry on his work.
Today, the Merchant Venturers run nine schools in Bristol, are involved in social enterprise, charities looking after the elderly, scholarships and trusts.
Campaigners accuse the society of continuing to "celebrate a slave trader". Mr Greenacre says the society is commemorating Colston's charity work, rather than his slaving past.
"That word [celebrate] comes from Countering Colston - it is in no sense what is being done," he says.
"We are not celebrating the slave trade; that is a perception which is in effect deeply offensive."
However, he acknowledges that times have changed and society must change as well, referring to the council's decision to acknowledge Colston's past.
"Someone walking past his statue, which makes no reference to the slave trade; if they are a descendant of enslaved Africans they may feel genuinely offended; indeed some feel not just hurt but real anguish and that ought to be addressed."
For some, the amendment to Colston's statue is not enough.
"I would really like it if the statue was put in the museum," says Jasmine Ketibuah-Foley, a presenter for community station Ujima Radio, which focuses on Bristol's African-Caribbean population.
"People can still see that this is a man who did a lot for Bristol, but we should put [a statue] in the city centre of a black Bristolian who has changed Bristol and done something good for Bristol."
Others think saving Colston's legacy is not even as simple as moving a statue or changing the name of buildings, roads and schools.
When he heard the concert venue would be dropping the name, history graduate Max Barton set up a petition against the move which attracted 5,000 signatures.
He said it was "time to educate and not eliminate" people about the slave trader and his history.
"White, working-class Bristolians have grown up with Colston as a kind of father of Bristol," he says.
"They see him as a figurehead, they see him as this person who was a great charitable philanthropist - wiping out that history would alienate this group.
"Countering Colston has a list of places associated with Colston on their website - a hit list as far as I'm concerned... they want to eliminate him from history and that will alienate people."
Bristol is not alone in trying to come to terms with its past. From Oxford to Charlottesville, from Sydney to Cape Town, cities are facing the same question - how do you remember history without celebrating brutality?
Historian Dr Edson Burton is reluctant to see Colston's name disappear but believes Bristol is similar to many cities in being "built on a romanticised myth".
He says now we are in a position to question "the great figures that we have venerated in the past", we should not be surprised to "find that they are not up to the mark for our modern standards".
"I see that there are a number of institutions willing to look their history in the eye and acknowledge that there is a question about the legacy and foundation on which they were built.
"I think that is a monumental step - my concern is that it is not sufficient enough."
He is one of many in the city searching for a solution.
At the vanguard of change, in more ways than one, is Colston Primary School, which announced last year it would be changing its name.
Chair of governors Kate Swainson Price said the decision was not about pandering to political correctness.
"For me, the decision to change our school name is about a recontextualisation of history rather than eradication, obliteration or whitewashing.
"It's making history, not erasing history. Facts don't change but attitudes and values do, as do societies."
The school is now at the centre of plans to design the new plaque on Colston's statue, which will recognise and acknowledge the people he and others in the city enslaved.
The children will be joining Countering Colston members, Prof Dresser and the city council to help put Colston's legacy into context.
Ms Swainson Price said it was "amazing and appropriate" for the children to "to help review and redress the balance about how we remember and acknowledge Bristol's historical figures" and "importantly, the slaves themselves".
The man in charge of the project, the council's historic environment officer Pete Insole, said the people who were exploited by Colston are "invisible" in Bristol.
He is helping to co-ordinate events during the summer about the city's links to the slave trade, which will culminate in the unveiling of the plaque.
"Slave traders are the most commemorated people in the city; we can't change the past but we can change the present and the future," he added.
But for Ms Martin this is only the beginning: "We have created debate... It's not just Bristol, it's a global narrative, it's about colonisation and decolonisation.
"Across Europe and across America the debate is very alive. We are questioning people and we are challenging society.
"You are only here for a short time on Earth and I like to think we are bequeathing something better than we have inherited." | FINEWEB-EDU |
Johannes Classen
Johannes Classen (November 21, 1805, Hamburg – August 31, 1891, Hamburg) was a German educator and classical philologist.
Classen was educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums. He studied philology at the University of Leipzig, afterwards continuing his education at Bonn, where he was a student of Barthold Georg Niebuhr. From 1827 he lived in the home of Niebuhr, whose son Marcus was tutored by Classen. After the death of Niebuhr on January 2, 1831, and of his wife nine days later, Classen took care of his former teacher's three children.
In 1829 he received his habilitation at Bonn, and in 1832 served as an assistant at the Joachimsthalsche Gymnasium in Berlin. During the following year he became a professor at the Katharineum zu Lübeck. In 1853 he was appointed director of the municipal gymnasium (secondary school) in Frankfurt am Main, returning in 1864 to Hamburg, where he served as director of the "Johanneum" school till his retirement in 1874.
Classen's most extensive literary effort was an eight-volume publication on the works of Thucydides (Thukydides, 1862–1889). He was also author of an 1859 biography on Renaissance humanist Jacob Micyllus. | WIKI |
User:Sikki sikarwar
sikki..naam hi kafi h
Iski history Jane m tum logo is feature nikal Jaye ga... | WIKI |
Ketchikan Federal Building
The Ketchikan Federal Building is a courthouse of the United States District Court for the District of Alaska, located at 648 Mission Street in Ketchikan, Alaska. It was completed in 1938, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 2006-4-28. The building's primary tenant is the United States Forest Service Tongass National Forest Supervisor's Office, which occupies space on the first, second, third, fourth and sixth floors. The fifth floor houses a courtroom and related support offices, while the first floor also houses an office of the United States Customs and Border Protection.
Significance
The beginnings of the Ketchikan Federal Building can be traced back to 1924 when the City of Ketchikan was constructing a new school house and little space was left on the school lot for playgrounds. The U.S. Courthouse, constructed in 1905, was located directly across the street and was apparently in "disrepair, inadequate for present needs, and unfavorably located in a residence section with its jail in close proximity to the school". The Ketchikan Women's Council developed a proposal where the City of Ketchikan agreed to donate a site for a new federal building, centrally located in the business district of the city, in exchange for the courthouse site to be used for a school playground.
On July 16, 1924, the Common Council of the City of Ketchikan adopted a memorandum to petition the federal government to make "ample appropriations" for the erection of a new courthouse or federal building. Copies of the memorandum were sent to the office of the Attorney General, the Treasury Department and the Committee on Territories in both the House and the Senate. Relief came from the Works Progress Administration. Ground-breaking ceremonies on March 3, 1937, marked the end of years of continuous struggle by local agencies to obtain a new federal building. The building was designed by the Cleveland architectural firm of Garfield, Stanley-Brown, Harris and Robinson. The J.B. Warrack Construction Company was awarded the building contract of $320,000, not including the elevator, fixtures and furnishings.
The building officially opened on March 5, 1938, a year and a day after ground was first broken. Five times larger than the average federal building in cities of a population of 5,000, the building originally housed 11 governmental departments, services and bureaus. The post office occupied the entire L-shaped first floor, with service and lock box lobbies spanning the length of each wing. The district courtroom, offices and jail cells were located on the fifth floor.
In the 1950s, the movie Cry Vengeance was filmed in the Ketchikan Federal Building and the original layout of the first floor lobby can be seen in some of the scenes.
General Services Administration acquired ownership of the building in 1976, after postal services were relocated to a new facility. In 1977–1978, GSA totally remodeled the building to create modern office space; and additional minor remodeling has occurred since. Remodeling has removed much of the historical significance on the 1st and 4th floors, the old jail space in the southern half of the 5th floor, and much of the private office space on the 2nd and 3rd floors. Intact historical interior elements include window trim; some doors, frames and trim; the entry vestibule floor and wall finishes; the courtroom and adjacent lobby, judge's chambers, and clerk of court's office; the elevator doors; and the northeast stair.
Of interest in the former jail cell area are four murals painted directly on the concrete block walls. These murals are believed to have been transferred from magazines and painted by prisoners who were members of the Tlingit and Haida Alaskan Indian tribes in the early 1980s. The murals are protected by Plexiglas panels and available for limited viewing, located in a private office.
The exterior of the original building is largely intact, except where a new two-story wing was added at the west side of the south end of the original six-story tower. Windows were removed and openings infilled at a new stair added at the south end of the tower, and an insensitively-designed bump-out housing the stair's exterior vestibule was added at the first floor on the south end of the tower. Replacement windows, although not exact duplicates of the original design, match the original material (wood) and proportions. The exterior paint colors were originally white; the current pink and beige colors are not original.
Architectural description
Local newspaper articles at the time of its dedication described the Federal Building in Ketchikan, Alaska as "inside and out, the structure is plain and practical." The six-story, L-shaped building was constructed of cast-in-place reinforced concrete on a structural foundation of driven steel piles with concrete caps. Designed by the Cleveland architectural firm of Garfield, Stanley-Brown, Harris and Robinson; the plain, box-like exterior, flat roofs, and lack of ornament identify the Federal Building as International Style architecture.
Pioneered by European architects shortly after World War I, the International Style rejected the ornate designs of previous eras, turning instead to a streamlined, modern approach for buildings. Walls were flat planes with no decorative treatment and windows were placed flush to the exterior. This style became widely accepted in the United States in the mid-1930s.
The building also represents a regional construction type and style known within Federal organizations as New Deal Concrete. A number of federal buildings built under Roosevelt's New Deal plan exhibit similar characteristics.
The Federal Building is located at the southwest corner of Mission and Stedman Streets in downtown Ketchikan. The site is bounded by concrete sidewalks and grassy lawns on the northwest and northeast sides, and by paved concrete parking lots on the southeast and southwest. The northwest lawn features a metal flagpole with a concrete base, one of two originals. After almost four decades of grass bounded by chain link fencing, in the mid 1970s, landscaping was added and the fencing removed at the northeast and northwest lawns at Stedman and Mission Streets. The original steps at the main entry have been altered by the addition of a functional but insensitively designed off-center ramp with painted free-standing metal handrails.
The L-shaped building consists of a long and narrow six-story tower stretching along Stedman Street to the northeast, with the narrow end of the tower and a one-story wing facing Mission Street to the northwest. The inside of the "L" originally included a basement level boiler room. While the main blocks of the building have remained intact; in 1954, a one- and two-story wing was added to the southeast side, east end of the main tower, adjacent to the boiler room. This addition has metal panel and stucco exterior finishes.
The original building sits on a slightly projecting concrete base. The concrete wall surfaces have a rubbed finish and are smooth except for continuous horizontal reveals at the heights of window sills and heads on each floor level. The building is terminated by a slightly recessed continuous concrete parapet cap. The exterior elevations are penetrated by grouped window openings which align vertically and horizontally, from floor-to-floor. The original horizontal-light, two-over-two, wood double-hung sash windows, some with matching transoms, have been replaced by new, single-light, one-over-one, wood units with operable awning sash below fixed upper sash(es). The building was painted pink in 1990, at the request of the newly built Cape Fox Lodge; the color was decided upon by a local committee. The exterior concrete and paint is deteriorated. A study has recently been completed, identifying deficiencies and recommendations for improvement.
The main building entrance is centered on the narrow northwest face of the six-story tower. The main entry doors are framed by a slightly protruding concrete surround that matches the base element. Two wrought-iron coach-lights (not original) are located at the sides of the entry doors and original cast bronze letters reading "FEDERAL BUILDING KETCHIKAN ALASKA" are located directly above the doors. The commemorative granite corner stone is located near the east end of the north wall.
The original interior of the building continued the simple and practical theme. The most significant spaces were the postal lobbies on the first floor, and the courtroom and lobby on the fifth floor. Due to substantial renovation work in the 1970s, only the fifth floor courtroom and its lobby retains their original integrity. | WIKI |
Somali Pirates Attack, Raising Fears That a Menace Is Back
NAIROBI, Kenya — Are the pirates back? After years of quiet seas, undisturbed voyages and no major attacks, Somali pirates have waylaid four ships in the past month, raising fears that the pirate menace has returned to the Indian Ocean. A Pakistani-owned cargo vessel carrying food was hijacked off the coast of central Somalia, Somali officials said on Tuesday, just days after an Indian cargo ship was commandeered and dragged to an infamous pirate den. In the past, pirates have hit just about anything that floated: yachts, freighters, dhows, sailboats, mammoth oil tankers — even an American naval ship, by mistake. But the piracy heydays were thought to be over. Until now, the problem seemed to have disappeared. Analysts said a number of factors had driven the resurgence in piracy, including drought, famine, corruption, a surge of smuggled weapons and the influence of the Islamic State. All of the recent attacks, including a hijacked oil tanker last month, are believed to have been carried out by buccaneers from central Somalia or Puntland, a semiautonomous region in northeastern Somalia. “Puntland’s facing a lot of problems right now,” said Mohamed Mubarak, who runs a Somali anticorruption organization, Marqaati, which means “witness.” “In many coastal towns, there is no government presence,” he said. “You can do whatever you want. Pirates and criminal gangs now have space.” Pirates are as old as the seas. But the modern-day Somali pirate problem started around 2008, when bands of former fishermen began speeding into Somalia’s waters in busted-up skiffs and leaky dinghies, hijacking whatever crossed their paths. Typically, pirates would scamper aboard a ship at night, rush to the pilothouse and commandeer the vessel at gunpoint. The pirates then sailed back to their lairs along the coast and waited for shipping companies to pay a ransom to free the crew. Often the money literally fell from the sky. Several companies in nearby Kenya specialized in shrink-wrapping million-dollar blocks of cash and delivering them by parachute. The pirates, no fools about public relations, even had spokesmen who elucidated their motives. (It was all about the money.) In many cases, their operations were financed by wealthy businessmen eager to exploit poor, desperate young men, many of whom could not even swim. From 2008 to 2012, there were hundreds of attacks, and the pirates, and their financiers, made a fortune in ransoms. Countless pirates also drowned. There was even one pirate organization called The Corporation that supposedly printed a guidebook outlining a pirate code of conduct. As the years passed, the shipping companies wised up. They invested heavily in hiring armed guards, who showed no hesitation at blasting the fiberglass skiffs out of the water. At the same time, a coalition of foreign navies beefed up patrols, sometimes burning a million dollars of fuel each day to go back and forth along Somalia’s craggy coastline, which, at 1,880 miles, is the longest on mainland Africa. Aid organizations also joined the cause, coming up with alternatives for the thousands of young men who had become pirates. Fishery projects were started, along with vocational training. The increased risk and new jobs opportunities drew people — and financing — away from the buccaneering business. But those programs may have been a victim of their own success, Mr. Mubarak said. After years of declining attacks, resources were moved away from patrolling Somalia’s coast. Instead, those funds were used to battle other threats, including the Islamic State, which recently invaded coastal towns in Puntland. Another factor may be politics. Somalia recently selected a new Parliament and a new president in a long, drawn-out process that was widely believed to have been one of the most corrupt political events in Somalia’s history. “High officials are involved in this,” said Abdirazak Fartaag, a former Somali government official. He said government officials were most likely colluding with the pirates for a cut of the ransom, which was also the case years ago. “I know the mind-set,” he said. “I know the game that exists in our country.” Somali officials said the Indian cargo ship that was seized last week was now being held for ransom in the El Hur area of central Somalia, south of the Puntland border, a well-known pirate locale. The Pakistani-owned boat carrying food was headed toward the Somali coast, though it was not clear exactly where. In March, pirates hijacked an oil tanker and temporarily detained its Sri Lankan crew before releasing the boat and the men without conditions, Somali officials said at the time. Later that month, pirates attacked a large fishing vessel with the plan of using it as a floating base to hijack even bigger ships. After several stingy rainy seasons, Somalia is on the verge of famine, with hundreds of thousands of people rapidly running out of food. “Hunger is pushing people into crime,” Mr. Mubarak said. “It’s making a lot of people look for something.” Other analysts said that more illegal foreign fishing vessels were plying the waters off Somalia’s coast, pestering Somali fishermen and possibly turning some toward violence. At the end of the day, analysts said, Somali piracy is a business decision. Rich merchants in central Somalia and Puntland must have decided that after years of being a money-losing operation, there were riches to made again in high-seas piracy. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Eoalulavis
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Eoalulavis
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, 125Ma
Eoalulavis hoyasi holotype.
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Ornithothoraces
Subclass: Enantiornithes
Genus: Eoalulavis
Sanz et al., 1996
Species: † E. hoyasi
Binomial name
Eoalulavis hoyasi
Sanz et al., 1996
Eoalulavis (from the Ancient Greek: Éōs, "dawn"; alula, "bastard wing"; avis, "bird") is a monotypic genus of enantiornithine bird that lived during the Barremian, in the Lower Cretaceous around 125 million years ago. The only known species is Eoalulavis hoyasi.[1][2]
Discovery[edit]
Its remains came from the Konservat-Lagerstätte of Las Hoyas, Cuenca, Spain. The holotype (LH13500), housed in the collection of Museo de las Ciencias de Castilla-La Mancha (es), consists on both slab and counterslab preserving mainly the thoracic region, part of the neck and both almost complete forelimbs of an adult specimen.[1] It also preserves remains of the body, primary, secondary feathers and a bastard wing which have been covered by layers of limonite as a result of the fossilization process.[1] The preservation is consistent with the taphonomic processes associated with obruption, stagnation and the action of microbial mats in the locality[3] that have yielded a wide variety of examples of soft-tissue preservation (e.g.: connective tissues in fishes and theropods[3] or insect wings[4]). Most of the osteological features of the holotype became apparent only after its acid preparation and transference to a resin cast.[2]
Paleobiology and Paleoecology[edit]
Life reconstruction of E. hoyasi in the wetland of Las Hoyas hiding between conifer leaves of the genus Frenelopsis
E. hoyasi was roughly the size of a little fringilid with a wingspan of nearly 20 cm.[1] The presence of alula and a complete set of aerodynamic asymmetric feathers arranged forming a modern wing,[5] indicate well develop flight capabilities, as in many other enantiornithine taxa.[6] Its hindlimb morphology remain uncertain as no material of this kind referable to the genus has been found to date.
The holotype preserves concentrated remains of crustacean cuticles in the area of the abdomen, interpreted as its last meal.[2] It provided the first direct evidence of feeding behaviour in Enantiornithes and in Mesozoic birds in general, though, since then, more examples of undigested food associated with enantiornithine specimens have been discovered reporting a wide variety of feeding habits.[6] This fact has been interpreted as evidence of an ecological role in Eoalulavis similar to that of extant waders; living mainly in the shore seeking for little invertebrates in a similar way of modern turnstones.[4]
The locality of Las Hoyas was in the Barremian a seasonal subtropical wetland ecologically dominated by fully aquatic organisms (e.g.: holostean fishes).[4] The avifauna of the locality includes so far two more enantiornithine taxa: the sparrow-sized Iberomesornis romerali[7] and the pigeon-sized Concornis lacustris.[7] Eoalulavis hoyasi is believed to be the most linked to a semi-aquatic environment of the three.[8]
Classification[edit]
The phylogenetic relationships within Enantiornithes are largely unsolved so far whilst several phylogenetic analyses have been performed in the last decades.[9][10] However, some groups of enantiornithines seem to have fairly strong statictical support.[9] In the last cladistic analysis[9] Eoalulavis groups with the Chinese genus Liaoningornis forming a monophyletic group of derived enantiornithines. Nevertheless, this concrete grouping has not a high statistical support and the enantiornithine status of Liaoningornis remains currently controversial.[11][12]
Eoalulavis hoyasi presents numerous synapomorphies that justifies the inclusion of the taxon within Enantiornithes and the less inclusive clade Euenantiornithes.[13] These traits include a groove in the inter-osseous surface of radius or a conspicuous foramen in the dorsal surface of the strut-like coracoids.[2]
It also has some unique characteristics like the spear shaped ossified portion of the sternum.[1][2]
The morphology of the forelimb is remarkably primitive compared with that of other genera of enantiornithine birds.[6] The alular and major digits both bear a large ungual phalanx and the minor one bears two phalanx. Also the alular digit extends until the distal end of the major metacarpal, which is considered a primitive trait within the clade Enantiornithes.[6]
At the time of its discovery, was the earliest bird known to possess an alula, a batch of feathers on the alular digit that in modern birds can be separately moved to improve stability at low flight speeds. Later, more enantiornithine specimens were discovered with alula[14][15] and this fact has consequently strengthen the hypothesis that this animals were able to develop a highly complex and active flight.[2][6] The wide presence of this trait in both Enantiornithes and Ornithuromorpha, the clade which comprises modern birds along with their fossil counterparts, suggest that the arisen of the alula, and the flight capabilities that imply, occur early in the avian evolution, presumably in the base of Ornithothoraces.[2][10]
References[edit]
1. ^ a b c d e Sanz, José L.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Pérez-Moreno, Bernardino P.; Buscalioni, Ángela D.; Moratalla, José J.; Ortega, Francisco & Poyato-Ariza, Francisco J. (1996): An Early Cretaceous bird from Spain and its implications for the evolution of avian flight. Nature 382(6590): 442-445. doi:10.1038/382442a0 (HTML abstract)
2. ^ a b c d e f g Sanz, J., Pérez-Moreno, B., Chiappe, L., Buscalioni, A., Chiappe, L. & Witmer, L. (2002): "The birds from the lower Cretaceous of las hoyas (Province of Cuenca, Spain)", Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of the Dinosaurs.University of California Press, Berkeley, , pp. 209-229.
3. ^ a b Briggs, D.E., Wilby, P.R., Pérez-Moreno, B.P., Sanz, J.L. & Fregenal-Martínez, M. (1997): "The mineralization of dinosaur soft tissue in the Lower Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain", Journal of the Geological Society, vol. 154, no. 4, pp. 587-588.
4. ^ a b c Fregenal-martínez, M. & Buscalioni, A. (2010): "A holistic approach to the palaeoecology of Las Hoyas Konservat-Lagerstätte (La Huérguina Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Iberian Ranges, Spain)", Journal of Iberian Geology, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 297-326.
5. ^ Longrich, N.R., Vinther, J., Meng, Q., Li, Q. & Russell, A.P. (2012): "Primitive Wing Feather Arrangement in Archaeopteryx lithographica and Anchiornis huxleyi", Current Biology, .
6. ^ a b c d e O’Connor, J., Chiappe, L.M. & Bell, A. (2011): "Pre-modern birds: avian divergences in the Mesozoic", Living dinosaurs: the evolutionary history of modern birds.Edited by GJ Dyke, and G.Kaiser.John Wiley and Sons Ltd., London, UK, , pp. 39-114.
7. ^ a b Sanz, J., Bonapartet, J. & Lacasa, A. (1988): "Unusual early cretaceous birds from Spain", Nature, vol. 331, no. 6155, pp. 433-435.
8. ^ Sanz, J. & Buscalioni, A. (1992): "A new bird from the Early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain, and the early radiation of birds", Palaeontology, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 829-845.
9. ^ a b c O’Connor, J.K., Zhang, Y., Chiappe, L.M., Meng, Q., Quanguo, L. & Di, L. (2013): "A new enantiornithine from the Yixian Formation with the first recognized avian enamel specialization", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1-12.
10. ^ a b Chiappe, L.M.(2007): Glorified dinosaurs: the origin and early evolution of birds, John Wiley.
11. ^ Zhou, Z. (2002): "A new and primitive enantiornithine bird from the Early Cretaceous of China", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 49-57.
12. ^ O’Connor, J. (2012): "A revised look at Liaoningornis longidigitrus (Aves)", Vertebrata Palasiatica, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 25-37.
13. ^ Chiappe, L.M., Walker, C.A., Chiappe, L. & Witmer, L. (2002): "Skeletal morphology and systematics of the Cretaceous Euenantiornithes (Ornithothoraces: Enantiornithes)", Mesozoic birds: above the heads of dinosaurs, , pp. 240-267.
14. ^ Zhang, F. & Zhou, Z. (2000): "A primitive enantiornithine bird and the origin of feathers", Science, vol. 290, no. 5498, pp. 1955-1959.
15. ^ Zhou, Z., Chiappe, L.M. & Zhang, F. (2005): "Anatomy of the Early Cretaceous bird Eoenantiornis buhleri (Aves: Enantiornithes) from China", Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 1331-1338. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Calabazas Creek (Santa Clara County)
Calabazas Creek is a 13.3 mi northeast by northward-flowing stream originating on Table Mountain in Saratoga, California in Santa Clara County, California, United States. It courses through the cities of Saratoga, San Jose, Cupertino, Santa Clara and Sunnyvale, culminating in the Guadalupe Slough in south San Francisco Bay.
History
In the Spanish language, calabazas means squash, pumpkins or gourds. The name was especially popular to the south of San Francisco Bay.
Watershed and course
An unnamed tributary of Calabazas Creek starts at an elevation of 1714 ft on Table Mountain, whose summit is at 2037 ft and located at 37°15'30" N and 122°04' 55" W, although the creek's official USGS source is at 794 ft and located at 37°16'29" N and 122°04'07" W. The Calabazas Creek watershed drains 20.3 mi2. Named tributaries of Calabazas Creek include Prospect, Rodeo and Regnart Creeks. Prospect Creek flows 1.4 miles before entering Calabazas Creek from the left (heading downstream) at elevation 325 feet, then Rodeo Creek from the right, and finally, Regnart Creek joins at elevation 226 feet. Historically Calabazas Creek was a tributary of Saratoga Creek joining it just downstream of San Francisco Road (probably El Camino Real) on the Thompson and West 1876 map, and thence to the Guadalupe River. When the Guadalupe River was redirected from Guadalupe Slough to Alviso Slough (formerly Steamboat Slough), Calabazas Creek was extended directly to Guadalupe Slough at Sunnyvale Baylands Park in Sunnyvale.
Thirty-two percent of its length, approximately 4.2 miles, is classified as "hard bottom" and the reach between Highway 101 and Lawrence Expressway is a trapezoidal, concrete-lined channel. From Guadalupe Slough to Highway 101, Calabazas Creek is an enlarged earthen channel with levees. In 2010, the Calabazas Creek Flood Control Project was started by the Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD) to enlarge the culvert undercrossing at Saratoga-Sunnyvale Road, widen the Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) bridge, and construct a detention area adjacent to the creek north of Saratoga-Sunnyvale Road, with bank erosion repair at dozens of locations along 3.7 miles of the creek from Miller Avenue to Wardell Road (and was extended to include the Comer Debris Basin and Comer Drive. The culvert at Saratoga-Sunnyvale Road was widened and the upstream detention basin completed in September, 2011.
Habitat and wildlife
Steelhead trout (coastal rainbow trout) (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) occurred historically in Calabazas Creek but have not been seen since the 1970s. Leidy (2005) identified at least several impassable barriers to migration upstream from the Bay including a 13 ft inclined dam at Comer Drive, and drop structures at Bollinger Road and Rainbow Drive. The latter two have now been removed, and the Comer Dam, which was constructed in 1973 to trap gravel and cement debris from the upstream Cocciardi Quarry (closed for several years now), has raised the creek to within four feet of the underside of Comer Drive bridge posing a flooding threat to the bridge. It was scheduled to be removed by the SCVWD.
Leidy (2007) identified three species of native fishes in Calabazas Creek: California roach, Sacramento sucker, Three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), and rainbow trout (Oncohrynchus mykiss) (now extirpated). Non-native fishes include goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) and Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). | WIKI |
I Did That!
I Did That! is a phrase found on stickers typically picturing U.S. President Joe Biden pointing at the price of gasoline on fuel pumps in gas stations around the United States as a way to claim that he increased gas prices. The stickers have also been placed on empty store shelves.
History
The stickers began appearing in 2021 and have increased in popularity as the price of gasoline and other goods contributed to the 2021–2023 inflation surge.
In December 2021, Minnesota representative Pete Stauber, the ranking member of the United States House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, appeared before a virtual committee hearing with an "I Did That!" poster in the background.
In May 2022, oil multinational BP withheld a quarterly bonus from a gas station owner in the state of Wisconsin because she told employees not to remove the "I Did That!" stickers from fuel pumps. The station owner told Fox News host Jesse Watters, "They go back up as fast as you knock them down. So why keep fighting the battle?"
On May 18, 2022, Ted Cruz suggested that Biden was to blame for higher gasoline prices, saying, "I'll tell you what, the little stickers on gas pumps all across the country illustrate the American people know exactly whose fault this is."
In June 2022, Business Insider said the stickers were "perhaps the most ubiquitous and successful piece of political propaganda that the counterculture right has produced", and they are infused with "a kind of joyful, Yippiesque delight in causing public mischief on behalf of a greater cause".
Source of stickers
The stickers are sold online by dozens of vendors, and one retailer estimated he had $40,000 in sticker sales in August 2021. The placement of these stickers on private property are considered to be a form of vandalism. Some gas station owners and employees complained that the stickers make some customers angry and are difficult to remove.
The stickers are sold by hundreds of Amazon and other platform sellers for as low as $5.99 for 100. In June 2022, over 600 Etsy sellers are offering the classic Biden stickers. Still, they have variations, such as Vice President Kamala Harris saying, "And I Helped!", and former president Donald Trump saying, "I Can Fix that."
Commentary
In January 2022, NPR's Planet Money published a commentary piece by Greg Rosalsky arguing that it would be more accurate to put a "COVID did that" sticker on a fuel pump rather than the "Biden did that" sticker because the world is struggling to overcome the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that disrupted the supply chain part of the economy. The piece also acknowledged that it is legitimate to debate if Biden's 1.9 trillion dollar American Rescue Plan contributed to inflation in the US.
Commentator Charles Hurt related this to former President Obama's 2012 comment that successful business owners "didn't build that".
In June 2022, the CEO of the Illinois Fuel Retailers Association, Josh Sharp, said the stickers are a nuisance and even a form of vandalism. In regards to the cause of the price increase, Sharp said, "(President Biden's) canceled infrastructure projects like Keystone. I think we agree with folks about that (but) we would prefer they refrain from putting those stickers on the pumps. It's an issue for my members. They don’t like it." | WIKI |
Daipotamon
Daipotamon minos is a cavernicolous freshwater crab species found in a single limestone cave near La Tai village in Libo county, Guizhou province at an altitude of about 600 m above sea level, where it inhabits slowly flowing or stagnant parts of a subterranean river. It is the only species of the genus Daipotamon. | WIKI |
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Protecting people, places, things, and data is at the core of everything Cradlepoint builds — from wireless edge endpoints to the NetCloud platform that drives them. Just as our customers use actionable security information through the NetCloud platform to make informed security decisions regarding their network, Cradlepoint has foundational processes and strategies in place to ensure everything we do is secure.
Our developers are trained in and implement secure coding best practices, ensuring security is baked into our software development lifecycle. They utilize analysis tools during the development process, implementing a development framework to evaluate code against a constantly updated library of attack vectors, flagging risky code for further review and revision.
From incident response to acceptable use, Cradlepoint’s documented IT policies, baselines, and procedures meet or exceed industry standards, while our security team often collaborates with customers’ security teams to ensure our solutions meet their security requirements.
NetCloud Manager Security
Cradlepoint’s unique model leverages purpose-built networking endpoints that are managed via a cloud service. While moving an organization’s distributed network configuration data to the cloud can provide a significant ROI in terms of reduction of IT man-hours, configuration errors, and downtime, this shift includes a valid concern of how secure the “cloud” can be.
NetCloud Manager is a control-plane solution and customer data that traverses our devices is never sent to the cloud, leaving customer data under the full control and ownership of our customers. However, because NetCloud Manager orchestrates the control of distributed networks, the security controls used to secure NetCloud Manager are of paramount importance to both Cradlepoint and our customers.
Securing the Back End
Cradlepoint’s cloud services are hosted within Amazon Web Services, which provides world-class physical security, redundancy, and recovery capabilities, incorporating features such as externally audited data centers, continuous monitoring, multiple availability zones, and offsite backups.
Leveraging cloud services is a shared responsibility model. While Cradlepoint does inherit infrastructure security controls from AWS, we are ultimately responsible for the security of the solution itself. NetCloud Manager is engineered for high availability, being clustered and distributed across different geographical zones with the ability to auto-scale, while confidentiality of customer network configuration data is maintained via encryption-at-rest and encryption-in-transit.
Additionally, NetCloud Manager and NetCloud OS adhere to PCI DSS standards, with Cradlepoint annually executing a PCI DSS Attestation of Compliance. Although NetCloud Manager does not store, process or have access to cardholder or financial information, our customers are often subject to PCI audits and implementing the security controls in line with PCI helps to reduce risk and expediate the auditing process.
NetCloud Manager Account Security
While the infrastructure security inherited through Amazon Web Services ensures NetCloud is physically secure and highly available, a customer’s account is a far more common avenue of attack when it comes to cloud services. Leveraging cloud services is a shared responsibility model. Cradlepoint is responsible for the security of NetCloud as a whole, and customers are responsible for the security of their NCM access. NCM provides optional, although highly recommended, user configurable security options:
• Force Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Enabling Force MFA requires every user within the NCM account to configure and log in to NCM using an MFA application, such as Okta, Google Authenticator or other Time-based One Time Password (TOTP) application. This prevents an attacker from being able to access NetCloud Manager even with the compromised credentials of a valid NCM user.
• Federated ID/Single-Sign-On: Federated ID is for customers that want to use their organization’s Directory environment, such as Active Directory, to authenticate their NetCloud Manager users. This creates a transparent login experience for Active Directory users to access NCM services, while easing user administration overhead and allowing system administrators to enforce internal security policies on users.
• Enhanced Security Login: For customers that don’t implement Federated ID, they can still implement some basic account security features by enabling Enhanced Login Security, which additionally enforces user lockouts, automatic disabling of inactive users, password expiration and password history.
• Granular User Permissions: Administrators can implement the principle of least privilege by restricting users by role and subaccount and ensuring users have access only to the devices and groups to which they’ve been granted permission.
• Alerts: NCM provides several alert types that can be applied to groups and subaccounts that provide actionable security notifications regarding a customer’s distributed network, such as unauthorized configuration changes, device failed login attempts, WAN interface disconnections, and many more.
For more information regarding configurable security settings, review our Security Best Practices Knowledgebase Article.
Secure Transport of Device Configuration
With a pedigree of cellular connectivity and Software-Defined WAN (SDWAN), Cradlepoint understands the challenges and limitations surrounding centralized control of distributed networks. Therefore, we developed a secure stream protocol that is far more efficient and scalable than SNMP, allowing our devices to more efficiently and securely communicate with NetCloud Manager across multiple layers of Network Address Translation (NAT).
This management stream is client initiated, meaning our devices don’t require a publicly routable address or an external facing open port to establish connection to NetCloud. The connection is secure because it is certificate-based — providing authentication, authorization, and accountability of our devices — and is encrypted using current Transport Layer Security (TLS).
Once the secure client-initiated session is established, both NetCloud Manager and the device send periodic session keepalive packets allowing bi-directional real-time communication. If the session is dropped, the Cradlepoint endpoint will continue to attempt to re-establish the connection across any available WAN interface, minimizing downtime.
Hardware Security Measures
NetCloud OS (NCOS) is the operating system that resides on Cradlepoint endpoints, allowing centralized orchestration through NetCloud Manager. The security of our devices is just as important as the security of our cloud services, but it’s NetCloud OS that provides the features that enable our customers to set up a secure network configuration. However, before a customer configures a Cradlepoint endpoint, there are several security measures already baked into our hardware:
• Penetration Testing: Cradlepoint hardware and NCOS are regularly tested to quickly identify and remediate vulnerabilities.
• Secure Storage of NCOS User Passwords: NCOS user passwords are salted and hashed using strong, nonreversible encryption.
• Secure by Design default configuration:
• Unique default passwords for every device
• Stateful zone-based firewall with default deny for all unsolicited inbound traffic
• Remote administration, GPS, and UPnP disabled by default
• Ban-IP Address enabled by default, which temporarily blocks IP addresses after five failed login attempts into NCOS
• Signed NCOS Upgrades: All NCOS versions are signed by Cradlepoint and verified by the device before installation, preventing unauthorized, modified, and/or malicious installation of NCOS or other software.
For more information regarding configurable security settings, review our Security Best Practices Knowledgebase Article.
Addressing Security Vulnerabilities
Cradlepoint recognizes the importance of security and privacy, and we take security issues very seriously. Cradlepoint is committed to communicating and working in a timely manner for any reported security vulnerability, whether from an employee, customer, partner, or other outside party.
Cradlepoint follows a responsible disclosure process for communicating vulnerabilities and asks submitters of vulnerabilities to follow our responsible disclosure process to minimize the risk to all customers and users of our technology. As such, we will first privately notify impacted customers and partners before any public disclosure in order to minimize risk to customers from exploitation of vulnerabilities.
To submit a vulnerability, send an email to security@ with the following information:
• Product and NCOS versions
• Steps taken to expose the vulnerability
• Contact information and preferences
• Copies of screen shots, code snippets, and logs related to the identification of the vulnerability
Cradlepoint vulnerability alerts can be reviewed on our Vulnerability Alerts page.
Explore how Cradlepoint can help you unlock the power of LTE and 5G cellular for your network.
NETCLOUD HOW TO BUY | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Evidence of Parallel Universe
Did We Just Find Evidence of Parallel Universe?
All of us who have thought about Parallel Universes have toyed with the idea of finding our alter-ego and grilling him/her/them about their life. We all have wondered how things would be different in that world, what would our life be like, what would the world be like, would we still have a similar history or completely different? Would that world be technologically advanced as compared to ours and if so then what technology could we bring back to our world? Well, we haven’t reached the place where we will be able to quench that thirst of ours, but we have got to the possible first step in that direction.
Scientist down in Antarctica were conducting regular day’s job, you know sending things up in the air, determining and conducting experiments on things smaller than atoms, checking up on particles that arrive from stars billions of miles away. Yes, the things that most of us don’t even comprehend. During one of their experimental setups procedure, they found something that baffled them and led to a discussion of it probably being evidence of a parallel universe.
The Readings
Experts sent A Giant Balloon 121,000 ft up in the air, for reference, commercial flights fly at altitudes between 31000 ft to 38000 ft, above Antarctica to carry NASA’s Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA). The reason to send it up in the air is to avoid the interference that radio waves create at the sea level, which would distort the findings.
Earth continuously receives High and Low Energy sub-atomic particles from outer space. The key difference in observing them is that Low-Energy particles can pass right through Earth, while High-Energy Particles get stopped by the dense solid structure of Earth. So basically, what was expected was that ANITA would record High-Energy particles coming only from Outer-Space towards the Earth and Low-Energy particle coming from both sides. Scientists estimate that about 100 trillion Neutrinos pass through our bodies every second.
What baffled the scientists was that there was evidence of High-Energy Particles, Tau Neutrinos, going from Earth towards the Outer Space. This has been a serious point of discussion between the learned scientists for the last four years, but to no avail. After considering many possibilities, one of the strong contenders is the theory of Parallel Universe.
Scientists’ Claim
Scientists are claiming that the reverse movement of the Tau Neutrinos is a strong suggestion of a Parallel Universe with Physics rules completely Opposite to ours. They claim that the Time should be moving in the opposite direction to that of our Universe, as the Neutrinos are going opposite to the direction of which they should be headed towards. Their theory suggests that the Parallel Universe came into being simultaneous to our own at the beginning of our time i.e. The Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago.
A word of Caution
Scientists are not saying that this theory is accurate with certainty. Their claim is that this is one of the most plausible theories, but other theories are also being considered. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aaron hoare
The result was Speedy delete as attack page. Tyrenius 17:02, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
Aaron hoare
Originally tagged CSD-G1 patent nonsense. But it isn't patent. It is nonsensical in places, unsourced and unreferenced and completely unwikified, but there's no speedy criterion for that :o) so it comes here. No opinion from me - I'm just clearing CAT:CSD. ➨ ЯEDVERS 10:41, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
* Strong delete, completely made up. NawlinWiki 12:38, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
* Speedy Delete as patent nonsense. Article claims accomplishments done 20 years before the subject was born. It is nonsense. It must go. --DarkAudit 13:05, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
* Delete as unsourced. --Craig Stuntz 13:10, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
* Very strong delete, alone the many impossible dates in the article gives it away as nonsense on purpose Optimale Gu 14:10, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
* Has anyone considered Speedy Delete as attack page? How would you feel if you found this text under your name? Fan-1967 14:44, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
* Tagged as attack These articles give Wikipedia a bad name. How can garbage like this not be a CSD? And why would it be allowed another five days of life (unless of course WP:SNOW kicks in first)? --DarkAudit 16:57, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
* Delete as complete and utter nonsense. Shadow1 16:55, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Page:History of Bengali Literature in the Nineteenth Century.djvu/259
EARLIEST BENGALI JOURNALISM — 235 at once, and as it avoided all religious controversy in the earlier issues, it was welcomed even by the most orthodox among the Hindus. The name of Dvarakanath Thakur headed the list of subscribers, and its long life of 33 years, in spite of later oppositions and vicissitudes, till 1851 sufficiently indicates its power, efficiency and popularity as the leading and for some time the only paper of theday. “To the Darpan,”’ it is sae 4 said, “the educated natives looked as the means of bringing the oppression of their own countrymen to the knowledge of the public and the authorities. Government too found it useful for contradicting rumours and promoting contentment, if not loyalty. 1 The first number of the Samachar Darpan was pub- lished on Saturday, May 23, 1818 (20% @3yB, HA v22¢)2 this fact has given rise to various erroneous views about the date of its first publication, A file of this paper from its origin (May 23, 1818 to July 14, 1821) will be found in the Library of the Sahitya Parigat. Even Marshman himself, in his two books (History of Serampore Mission, vol ii, p. 163, and History of Bengal, 1859, p, 251) gave the dates erroneously as May 3], Sunday, 1818, and May 29, Friday, 1818 respectively. Dinesh Chandra Sen, in following Marshman, has fallen into the sameerror in his History. Long (Descriptive Cata- logue, 1855, p. 66) gives August 23, Friday, 1818. The most obvious mistake is that made by Rajndriyan Basu who in his discourse on Bengali Language and Literature dates the paper from 1816, and the Calcutta Christian Observer (Feb., 1840) is equally mistaken in taking 1819 as the date of the first publication of this paper. 1 have been able to get access to the following files of the paper (a) from May 23, 1818 to July 14, 1821 (Sahitya Parigat Library) (b) from 1831 to 1837 (Imperial Library, Calcutta) (c) From 1851 to 1852 (Bengal Asiatic Society's Library). 1 bave given an account of these files in an article in the Sahitya Parigat Patrika, vol. 24, pp. 149-170.
* Smith, op. cit., p. 204.
* The earlier files of the paper had long become very scarce and | WIKI |
This documentation is archived and is not being maintained.
|| Operator (C# Reference)
The conditional-OR operator (||) performs a logical-OR of its bool operands. If the first operand evaluates to true, the second operand isn't evaluated. If the first operand evaluates to false, the second operator determines whether the OR expression as a whole evaluates to true or false.
The operation
x || y
corresponds to the operation
x | y
except that if x is true, y is not evaluated because the OR operation is true regardless of the value of y. This concept is known as "short-circuit" evaluation.
The conditional-OR operator cannot be overloaded, but overloads of the regular logical operators and the true and false operators are, with certain restrictions, also considered to be overloads of the conditional logical operators.
In the following examples, the expression that uses || evaluates only the first operand. The expression that uses | evaluates both operands. In the second example, a run-time exception occurs if both operands are evaluated.
class ConditionalOr
{
// Method1 returns true.
static bool Method1()
{
Console.WriteLine("Method1 called.");
return true;
}
// Method2 returns false.
static bool Method2()
{
Console.WriteLine("Method2 called.");
return false;
}
static bool Divisible(int number, int divisor)
{
// If the OR expression uses ||, the division is not attempted
// when the divisor equals 0.
return !(divisor == 0 || number % divisor != 0);
// If the OR expression uses |, the division is attempted when
// the divisor equals 0, and causes a divide-by-zero exception.
// Replace the return statement with the following line to
// see the exception.
//return !(divisor == 0 | number % divisor != 0);
}
static void Main()
{
// Example #1 uses Method1 and Method2 to demonstrate
// short-circuit evaluation.
Console.WriteLine("Regular OR:");
// The | operator evaluates both operands, even though after
// Method1 returns true, you know that the OR expression is
// true.
Console.WriteLine("Result is {0}.\n", Method1() | Method2());
Console.WriteLine("Short-circuit OR:");
// Method2 is not called, because Method1 returns true.
Console.WriteLine("Result is {0}.\n", Method1() || Method2());
// In Example #2, method Divisible returns True if the
// first argument is evenly divisible by the second, and False
// otherwise. Using the | operator instead of the || operator
// causes a divide-by-zero exception.
// The following line displays True, because 42 is evenly
// divisible by 7.
Console.WriteLine("Divisible returns {0}.", Divisible(42, 7));
// The following line displays False, because 42 is not evenly
// divisible by 5.
Console.WriteLine("Divisible returns {0}.", Divisible(42, 5));
// The following line displays False when method Divisible
// uses ||, because you cannot divide by 0.
// If method Divisible uses | instead of ||, this line
// causes an exception.
Console.WriteLine("Divisible returns {0}.", Divisible(42, 0));
}
}
/*
Output:
Regular OR:
Method1 called.
Method2 called.
Result is True.
Short-circuit OR:
Method1 called.
Result is True.
Divisible returns True.
Divisible returns False.
Divisible returns False.
*/
Show: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Legolordfilms/sandbox
Template sandbox
This is a list of Billboard magazine's Top Hot 100 songs of the 2010's. | WIKI |
Giacomo Fregoso
Giacomo Fregoso or Campofregoso (1340–1420) was a statesman who became the 10th doge of Genoa.
Youth
Giacomo's father, Domenico Fregoso, was elected doge of Genoa in 1370. Giacomo himself received an advanced education, became bachelor of law and joined the trading business of the Fregoso family. He also participated in the management of the Maona of Chios. Following some commercial successes, Giacoma participated in the wars led by the Republic, in particular during the conquest of Cyprus of 1373. Back in Genoa, his father gave him the charge of the defense of the Eastern Riviera.
When Domenico was toppled in 1378, the whole Fregoso family was driven into exile. He stayed away from Genoa under the following two dogeships of Antoniotto Adorno and Nicolò Guarco. He only returned in the city when the new doge Leonardo Montaldo promulgated a law of amnesty in 1383. After his return, Giacomo managed to be elected repeatedly to the Council of the Ancients that governed the Republic and the doge Adorno put him in charge of the reception of Pope Urban VI in the city. Later, he was also put in charge of diplomatic relations of the Republic with Amedeo VII, count of Savoy. In the meantime, he kept on pursuing his economic activity, specifically with the Maona.
Dogeship
In 1390, a long-lasting political crisis came to an acme and the doge Adorno had to escape Genoa and seek refuge in Savona. The population in arms gathered and chose Giacomo as the new doge on 3 August. Giacomo seem to have enjoyed a reputation as a good manager due to his commercial successes, which may explain his nomination. In 1391, Antoniotto Adorno gathered an army of 800 men to reconquer his lost position. Fregoso, not wanting to begin a civil war, refused to fight, leading to the rebels entering the city unopposed and, on April 6, Adorno was reelected doge.
Ambassador
After his deposition, Giacomo was invited by doge Adorno to a great banquet in his honor and allowed to remain in the city. But rapidly, a riot in Savona drove a wedge between the two clans. As a consequence, Giacomo was sent to the castle-prison of Lerici until 1396. Two years later, he returned to the republic and was re-elected to the Council. He was also nominated as ambassador of the Republic to Florence and Pisa. After Genoa fell under French domination, he continued his diplomatic career in Milan, Rome and finally Venice.
In 1411, at the age of 71, Giacomo received the charge of reorganizing the Genoese navy in order to defend the coasts of the Republic against the raids of North African pirates. No archival traces of him remain after this date and it is usually assumed that he died around 1420 and was buried with his family in the church of Santa Marta. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Herman f. schaedel
This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 07:16, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
Herman f. schaedel
* Delete: Never heard of this "Inventor and developer of American light industry," and neither has Google. Unable to verify and suspect hoax or erroneous information. — C Maylett 05:59, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
* Delete; I agree and also could not verify. I'd support speedy deletion because it really has little or no context; Edison invented the electric lighting industry, if anyone, so what it's supposed to mean regarding Schaedel (oh, I'm sorry, "schaedel") is a mystery. Anyone second speedy deletion? This is going to be a waste of time. Postdlf 06:02, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
* I oppose speedy deletion as I can't see any WP:CSD that it falls under. It's not patent nonsense, it's not empty, it asserts notability. Hoaxes, sad as it is, have to go through AfD. I empathise completely with your sentiment, however. --Blackcap | talk 07:09, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
* Delete. There is no evidence for these claims and a Google search shows absolutely no results for this gentleman see . Nor did a Galenet biographical search. This is not verifiable. However, the claim to be an inventor and developer of the light industry is an assertion of notability, however spurious the claim is so it shouldn't be speedied. Capitalistroadster 06:42, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
* Delete per above. --Blackcap | talk 07:09, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
* Comment. I tried to tone down the language a bit with the unverifiable assertions. No vote, but current content looks speediable to me. Friday (talk) 14:33, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
* Delete. Online search of Gale's "Biography Resource Center," said to contain "415,000 biographies on more than 325,000 people from over 880 volumes of more than 135 respected Gale Group sources" including Marquis Who's Who--which in turn includes about twenty of the Who's Who publications, including Who's Who in Science and Engineering, Who's Who in Finance and Business, etc. on (Name contains Schaedel) returned the following results: Rece, Marguerite Anne Schaedel (American psychiatrist, 1934-); Schaedel, Richard P. (American writer, 1920-). Dpbsmith (talk) 17:17, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
* Delete NN, possible hoax and speedy candidate. No reference found on Google. Groeck 18:24, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
| WIKI |
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How Much Solar Power Do I Need to Run a Refrigerator?
Written by K. Miller / Fact checked by J. Fussell
how much solar power do i need to run a refrigerator
Undoubtedly, a fridge is an essential appliance most homeowners can’t live without. In general, you’ll need four regular solar panels to run a fridge.
But, how much solar power do I need to run a refrigerator? It would help if you answered this question after setting up a solar power system at home.
Indeed, since refrigerators come in different sizes and types, they also call for different amounts of solar power to operate. Additionally, to uncover the amount of solar power to run a refrigerator, you need to consider the length of time you plan to run your fridge.
Let’s figure out more about the solar panel to run refrigerator! Read below.
Table of Contents
How to Compute the Number of Solar Panels to Run a Fridge?
solar-power-to-run-a-refrigerator
Step 1: First, you have to figure out how many watts your solar panels generate.
Please note that how much solar power your solar panels generate mainly depends on several factors like the weather conditions, your solar setup, and the solar panels.
On average, domestic solar panels generate a minimum of 250W during peak production. Hence, if your solar panel generates 250W for four hours daily, it corresponds with one kilowatt-hour.
So, we arrive at this equation: (250W x 4 ÷ 1,000)
Step 2: Then you have to calculate the number of watts your fridge consumes
Most refrigerators nowadays come with stickers that have “ENERGY RATING” written on them. This label evaluates the average kilowatt-hour your refrigerator consumes per year. But, if your fridge does not have this sticker, you may refer to the user guide for more details.
It’s worth noting that refrigerators with “ENERGY STAR” certifications are approximately 9% more energy-saving than refrigerators that meet the standard national minimum energy efficiency.
Daily consumption: By dividing your yearly consumption by 365, you can determine the number of kilowatt-hours your fridge consumes daily.
To determine your refrigerator’s power rating, consider the following tips:
• Do some inspections inside the door of your fridge. Some refrigerators have technical specs, such as the amps, volts, and watts specified inside the appliance.
• Refer to the manufacturer’s website or search online. These days, it’s effortless to uncover the technical specifications of appliances online.
• Look for the EnergyGuide label of the refrigerator. This way, you can learn more about the usage of your appliance. Generally, this label indicates the approximate yearly electricity usage and cost details.
Step 3: Dividing the Power Consumed by the Energy Generated
After figuring out your energy requirements and the amount of power the solar power generates, the rest of the computation doesn’t have to be complicated.
The number of solar panels required = The energy requirements/the energy generated.
Let’s have this one as an example:
Your refrigerator consumes 2 kilowatt-hours daily
Your solar panel generates 1 kilowatt-hour daily
So, the equation will be:
2 ÷ 1 = 2 (solar panels required to operate your refrigerator)
Quotient 2 answers the question, “How many solar panels do I need to power a refrigerator”?
How Many Solar Panels Are Needed to Operate a Freezer and a Fridge?
Determine the number of solar panels required in operating a freezer and a fridge by dividing your fridge’s number of watts by the number of watts your solar panel generates.
Thus, if your charge controller, solar panels, fridge, batteries, and freezer are efficient, then they can significantly minimize your solar power requirements.
Is It Possible to Operate a 12v Refrigerator From a Solar Panel?
The delightful news is that you can operate most 12V camping refrigerators with a correctly-sized solar panel or a series of solar panels, provided that there’s adequate sun exposure.
You may refer to the computations discussed above to figure out the number of panels necessary to operate your refrigerator 24/7 using solar energy.
Some Factors to Consider When Setting Up a Solar System at Home
Fundamentally, there are several different components required to install a solar power system at home. The main components include solar panels, batteries, solar inverters, charge controllers, and solar generators.
• Solar panels – Unquestionably, solar panels are the most vital components that complete a solar PV system. Solar panels generate all your solar power. Thus, to determine the amount of solar power necessary to operate a fridge, doing some computations concerning your solar panels is a must.
• Meanwhile, using solar power to run a refrigerator isn’t as straightforward as linking it to a series of solar panels. Since fridges generally collect power 24 hours per day, it’s unworkable to run one by utilizing solar panels alone.
• Solar panels merely generate electricity when they acquire sufficient sun exposure. That said, it’s necessary to link the solar panels to an inverter and a battery so that they can supply sufficient solar watts to run a refrigerator.
• This is how it goes: the solar panels will produce power throughout the day; afterward, that power will be converted to AC and kept in a battery bank. Through this, you will have adequate power to run the refrigerator at night.
• Batteries – Meanwhile, when choosing batteries, please ensure that their capacity is sufficient to handle your fridge’s power requirements for the entire night. Aside from solar panels, batteries, and inverters, the other valuable devices needed when setting up a solar power system include charge controllers and solar generators.
• Charge controllersFrom the name itself, charge controllers work as “regulators” that regulate current flow from and to the batteries. They run from the solar panels to the battery. Their primary function is to ward off the possibility of battery overload, overcharge, and discharge.
• Furthermore, charge controllers safeguard various devices that are connected to the batteries. By using one, you can prevent dealing with damage issues concerning your batteries.
• Solar generators – On the other hand, solar generators work as a power bank that you can utilize to run various electronic devices during a power outage or when electricity is inaccessible. It converts the photons from the sun into energy kept in batteries within it.
• You can charge a solar generator through a wall socket, solar panels, or a vehicle’s cigar lighter port. Some models are already equipped with solar panels; however, most versions require buyers to purchase the solar panels separately.
• Be sure to look into the number of watts required for your application when picking the right solar generator for you.
Final Thoughts
Figuring out the power requirements of your fridge is not so complicated. There’s no denying that using solar power for refrigerator can help homeowners save more and protect the environment.
Again, here are the primary points in answering the question: How much solar power do I need to run a refrigerator?
• An average fridge commonly requires about 3 to 4 standard solar panels to operate
• Common residential solar panels are graded to generate power ranging from one kilowatt-hour to four kilowatt-hour
• Various refrigerator sizes and types need diverse amounts of solar power
5/5 - (2 votes) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Gloria Guida
Gloria Guida (born 19 November 1952) is an Italian actress and model. She is best known for starring in commedia sexy all'italiana, particularly the La liceale series, and also in erotic coming-of-age-drama films in the mid-1970s.
Life and career
Gloria Guida was born in Merano, Italy, to a family from Emilia-Romagna. She moved with her family to Bologna as a child. She first began a singing career, starting in her father's dancing place on the Romagna coast. Then she took up modeling, becoming Miss Teenage Italia in 1974.
Guida subsequently went on to star in many sexy comedies. Two of her early films, La ragazzina (Monika in English-language release) and La minorenne, both shot in the summer of 1974, are stories of young female characters discovering their sexuality. She made her real breakthrough in 1975 with La liceale (The Teasers). Another film of particular success was Avere vent'anni ("To Be Twenty") in 1978, where she starred with Lilli Carati.
She considers herself Roman Catholic.
Partial filmography
* Monika (1974) – Monica
* La minorenne (1974) – Valeria Sanna
* La novizia (1975) – Maria, Sister Immacolata
* So Young, So Lovely, So Vicious... (1975) - Angela Batrucchi
* La liceale (1975) – Loredana
* Il gatto mammone (1975) – Marietta
* That Malicious Age (1975) – Paola
* Il solco di pesca (1975) - Tonina
* Blue Jeans (1975) – Daniela 'Blue Jeans' Anselmi
* Scandalo in famiglia (1976) – Elena
* Ragazza alla pari (1976) – Domenica Schlutzer
* Il medico... la studentessa (1976) – Claudia Raselli
* Maschio latino... cercasi (1977) – Gigia (segment "Stanotte o mai più")
* Orazi e Curiazi 3 - 2 (1977) – Tarpeia
* The Bermuda Triangle (1978) – Michelle
* Being Twenty (1978) – Lia
* La liceale nella classe dei ripetenti (1978) – Angela
* The Perfect Crime (1978) – Polly
* Travolto dagli affetti familiari (1978) – Eliana
* Night Nurse (1979) – Angela Della Torre
* How to Seduce Your Teacher (1979) – Angela Mancinelli
* La liceale, il diavolo e l'acquasanta (1979) – Luna
* L'affittacamere (1979) – Giorgia Mainardi
* Fico d'India (1980) – Lia Millozzi
* Bollenti spiriti (1981) – Marta Sartori
* La casa stregata (1982) – Candida
* Sesso e volentieri (1982)
* Festa di Capodanno (1988, TV Mini-Series) – Linda / Wife of Luca / Susanna / Luisella / Armanda / Susy
* Fratelli Benvenuti (2010, TV Series) – Doris (final appearance)
Discography
* Singles
* 1972 – L'uomo alla donna non può dire no/Pioggia nell'anima (CBS, CBS-8015)
* 1972 – Cuore, fatti onore/Pioggia nell'anima (CBS, CBS-8375)
* 1979 – La musica è/Gloria around the clock (CAM, AMP-219) | WIKI |
Testosterone is a hormone that is naturally produced by the male testes. This hormone is strictly regulated by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and luteinizing hormone. Low testosterone is a medical condition that can affect the overall male health. There are two different sources for testosterone deficiency; primary (testicles are under producing testosterone), or secondary (problem with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.) Although symptoms of low testosterone can plague a man for a long period of time, low testosterone can only be diagnosed through laboratory blood tests. Different men may develop different symptoms when dealing with low testosterone. The first step in dealing with this medical condition is to see your physician.
It is well documented that testosterone is an incredibly important hormone within the male body. Proper testosterone levels are necessary for the overall health of males. It is a hormone that is responsible for helping to regulating bone density, fat distribution, muscle strength and mass, sex drive, and sperm production. Low testosterone can be symptomatic or asymptomatic (meaning no bad side effects are present.) Symptomatic low testosterone levels can present with low sex drive, shrunken testicles, changes in sleep patterns, overall mood disturbances, erectile dysfunction, decreased energy levels, hair loss, decreased muscle mass, and many more.
According to the Endocrine Society’s Clinical Guidelines “We recommend making a diagnosis of androgen deficiency only in men with consistent symptoms and signs and unequivocally low serum testosterone levels.” In simple terms, this means that men who believe they are suffering from low testosterone levels must have blood draws at regular intervals. There are instances in which an abnormal serum testosterone level will be followed by a normal serum testosterone level. Diagnosis of low testosterone must only be made by a qualified physician. Routine follow-up is necessary for those who have been prescribed testosterone replacement therapy. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ecuador opposition candidate vows to remove Assange, denounce Venezuela
GUAYAQUIL, Ecuador (Reuters) - Ecuador’s lead opposition candidate is offering a sharp break with ten years of leftist rule in the Andean country, vowing to remove Wikileaks founder Julian Assange from the nation’s London embassy, speak out against Venezuela’s socialist government, and likely renegotiate debts with China. Conservative former banker Guillermo Lasso is the opposition’s frontrunner in Sunday’s presidential election. Polls suggest ruling party candidate, paraplegic former Vice President Lenin Moreno, 63, will win on Sunday but fall just short of enough votes to avoid an April runoff against Lasso, 61. With analysts expecting the OPEC country’s disparate opposition to unite behind Lasso in a potential second round, his victory would cement the return of the right in South America after a decade of a strong leftist bloc buoyed by a commodities boom. In an interview at campaign headquarters in his humid coastal hometown of Guayaquil, Lasso vowed that within a month of taking office in May he would remove Assange from Ecuador’s embassy, where he has been holed up since 2012 to avoid extradition to Sweden over rape allegations. “Ecuador had no business spending a single cent protecting someone who definitely leaked confidential information,” Lasso said from his 24th-floor office at the headquarter, overlooking the Banco de Guayaquil where he was executive president from 1994 to 2012. “I will take on the responsibility of inviting Mr. Assange to leave the Ecuadorean embassy at the latest 30 days after the start of our government,” he added on Thursday afternoon. Lasso also promised he would take a firm stance against the government of crisis-hit Venezuela, which is closely aligned with outgoing president Rafael Correa’s leftist Country Alliance party. Amid a brutal economic recession, Venezuelan authorities have nixed a recall referendum to remove unpopular President Nicolas Maduro and jailed dissidents. “We will defend the democracy that the Venezuelan people have a right to,” said Lasso, who is running for president for a second time. “We’ll also demand that political prisoners be freed immediately, like Leopoldo Lopez and many others.” Ecuador would also advocate that the Organization of American States push for elections in the fellow OPEC nation, Lasso said. “CORREA-ERA WASTE” Lasso would also examine contracts and loans with China, Ecuador’s top creditor since the country defaulted on $3.2 billion in bonds in 2008. “Opacity has characterized this relationship with China,” said Lasso, saying he would make public the fine print of deals with the Asian giant. “If there are onerous contracts that affect Ecuadoreans’ interest we will submit them to renegotiation and we will suggest to China the need to sign commercial deals that allow the entry of Ecuadorean products to China without tariffs.” In addition to producing oil, Ecuador also exports shrimp, flowers, bananas, and cacao. Lasso expects the economy to remain mired in recession this year but grow 1.8 percent next year before reaching 5 percent in 2021 if he is elected. Only then would he consider issuing more debt on the international market. “Once we’ve recovered economic growth, we would emit long-term debt at lower interest rates so that with those resources we can, using market mechanisms, repurchase or pay off short-term debt with a high cost,” said Lasso. “I’m not one of those people who sees debt as separate from the economy.” Lasso also cast doubt on the Pacific refinery, a multibillion dollar Chinese-backed project that has stalled due to lack of financing. “I see it as the icon of Correa-era waste. We’re going to analyze it, and I’m warning right now that Ecuador doesn’t have the $13 billion for a project that is questionable in terms of its economic and financial worth.” Editing by Jeffrey Benkoe | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Nossos voluntários ainda não traduziram este artigo para o Português (do Brasil). Junte-se a nós e ajude-nos a fazer o trabalho!
Você também pode ler o artigo em English (US).
Reason
Reason: CORS header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' missing
What went wrong?
The response to the CORS request is missing the required Access-Control-Allow-Origin header, which is used to determine whether or not the resource can be accessed by content operating within the current origin.
If the server is under your control, add the origin of the requesting site to the set of domains permitted access by adding it to the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header's value.
For example, to allow a site at https://amazing.site to access the resource using CORS, the header should be:
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: https://amazing.site
You can also configure a site to allow any site to access it by using the "*" wildcard. You should only use this for public APIs. Private APIs should never use "*", and should instead have a specific domain or domains set. In addition, the wildcard only works for requests made with the crossorigin attribute set to "anonymous".
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Warning: Using the wildcard to allow all sites to access a private API is a bad idea for what should be obvious reasons.
For example, in Apache, add a line such as the following to the server's configuration (within the appropriate <Directory>, <Location>, <Files>, or <VirtualHost> section). The configuration is typically found in a .conf file (httpd.conf and apache.conf are common names for these), or in an .htaccess file.
Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin 'origin-list'
For Nginx, the command to set up this header is:
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' 'origin-list'
See also
Etiquetas do documento e colaboradores
Colaboradores desta página: mdnwebdocs-bot, jogoodma, Sheppy
Última atualização por: mdnwebdocs-bot, | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Clinopyroxene from an alkali pyroxenite xenolith, Loučná-Oberwiesenthal Volcanic Centre, Bohemian Massif: crystal chemistry and structure
Jaromír Ulrych, Daniel Nižňanský, Franz Pertlik, Gerald Giester, Andreas Ertl, Franz Brandstätter
Abstract
Alkali pyroxenite (and ijolite) xenoliths occur in the Tertiary Loučná-Oberwiesenthal Volcanic Centre associated with the Ohře/Eger Rift. The alkali pyroxenite xenoliths represent fragments of an intracrustal complex with Sr-Nd isotope ratios consistent with mantle sources of HIMU-affinity. The crystal structure of diopside from an alkali pyroxenite xenolith with the formula (Ca0.95Na0.04) (Mg0.65 Fe Fe Ti0.10 4+ 0 13 3 0 10 2 . . + + Al0.01) (Si1.69Al0.31) O6 and the lattice parameters a = 9.773(2), b = 8.886(2), c = 5.308(1) [] and b = 105.89(3) [°] was refined to an R-value of 0.025 for 1174 reflections. The mean interatomic distances are: within the Me1-O6 octahedron< 2.067>>gt; , within the Me2-O8 polyhedron< 2.498>>gt; . The last value reflects the occupation of this atomic position by significant amounts of Fe2+ and Ti4+ . The enlargement determined for the< T-O>>gt; bond length to 1.657 is in accordance with the site population for this position: (Si1.69Al0.31). The molar ratio Fe2+ /Fe3+ determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy is equal to 0.786. The AlIV deficiency in T-sites of clinopyroxene of rims is negligible (up to 0.019 a.p.f.u.) restricted to sporadic local electron microprobe analyses. The presence of Fe3+ in the T-position of Si- and Al-poor clinopyroxenes was not confirmed by X-ray structural analyses because of its low quantity. Nevertheless, the Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements (isomer shift of 0.36 mm/s) imply that Fe3+ is present only in the Me1-O6 positions.
Keywords
Krusné hory/Erzgebirge Mts.; lower crust origin; alkali pyroxenite xenoliths; crystal chemistry; crystal structure; clinopyroxene
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Page:Imperialism (Lenin).djvu/45
Rh dred financiers who to-day govern Germany economically, will gradually be reduced to fifty, twenty-five, or less still. It cannot be expected that this move to concentration will be confined to banking. The close relations between certain banks involves the bringing together of the manufacturing combines whom they support. . . . One fine morning we shall wake up in surprise to see nothing but trusts before our eyes, and to find ourselves faced with the necessity of substituting State monopolies for private monopolies. However, we shall have nothing to reproach ourselves for, excepting for having allowed things to follow their own course, gently hastened by the use of stocks and shares."
This is a very good example of the impotence of bourgeois opinion, from which bourgeois science is only distinguished by less sincerity and a tendency to obscure things.
To be "surprised" at the results of concentration; to "reproach" the German capitalist government or society ("ourselves"); to fear that the use of stocks and shares might "hasten" concentration; to fear the American trusts (as a German specialist, S. Tschierschky, does), and to "prefer" the German cartels to them on the grounds that the trusts are capable of "hastening technical progress to an excessive degree"—what other name can be applied to all this except impotence?
Meanwhile, the facts remain facts. There are no trusts in Germany; there are only cartels—but Germany is governed by 300 magnates, and the number of these is constantly diminishing. The banks, in any case, in all capitalist countries, and whatever may be the varieties of legislation regulating them, are strengthening and hastening the | WIKI |
Besought (verb) – past and past participle of beseech.
source – https://www.google.com/search?q=besought+definition&oq=besougth+d&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0l5.6978j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
Found on page 37 of Quicksand by Nella Larsen, ” He spoke of his great admiration for the negro race, no other race in so short a time had made so much progress, but he had urgently besought them to know when and where to stop.”
This word was used to tell the people of Naxos to learn when and where to stay in their place since they were always being mistreated. The author used this word to say the people of Naxos must not rise above white people.
For this week post I will be discussing about the short reading we did in class “How to date a brown girl (black girl, white girl, or halfie)” by Junot Diaz.
The narrator in this text uses a very interesting narrative style. He uses “you” which makes it seem like he’s talking to the reader. The text is about him teaching you the reader, and even giving advice on how to date different type of women. He is very opinionated and judgmental of the different women he dates. He talk about how he prefer white girl over brown girl, which is very offensive to many people.
He uses the word “you” alot in the reading which in my opinion is trying to make the reader agree with what he’s saying, another word convincing you to think like him. He even depict the types of women for exam he said he prefer local women over outside women. He’s saying all the bad thing about the brown women but never mention the good thing about them. On the first page quoted “If the girl’s local, don’t sweat it. She’ll flow over when she’s good and ready.” showing how he categorize different women. “If the girl’s from the Terrace stack the boxes
behind the milk. If she’s from the Park or Society Hill hide the cheese in the cabinet above the oven, way up where she’ll never see. ” this is another quote showing how he judge the women base on their background and where they come from.
It felt like the whole story was basically written on this author personal experience from what we discussed in the class today. I still didn’t like how much bad thing he said about color women. If I can connect this with something else we read in class it would be “Quicksand” by Nella Larsen, the reason why is because i feel like this author Junot Diaz could be one of those people who were criticizing Helga because she is mix race. But both story has the topic about the racism during the 1990. I didn’t like the story, I don’t agree with what he’s saying about brown women, and I would not support this author.
“You wished you were light-skinned enough to be mistaken for Puerto-Rican, light-skinned enough so that, in the dim light of the Indian restaurant where you both shared samosas with his parents from a centrally placed tray, you would seem almost like them.
His mother told you she loved your braids, asked if those were real cowries strung through them and what female writers you read. His father asked how similar Indian food was to Nigerian food and teased you about paying when the check came. You looked at them and felt grateful that they did not examine you like an exotic trophy, an ivory tusk. ”
In this paragraph the narrator describes the reader’s discomfort with their own race and the effect the parents has on them. In one sentence, the narrator describes how the protagonist wishes they were not as dark skinned and different from the boyfriend and his family, portraying a desire to “belong” in America. In the others the parents are mentioned as taking a legitimate interest in the protagonist and treating them with respect.
This passage serves to illustrate how no matter how much the boyfriend and his family does to make the protagonist feel included and appreciated, they will still feel like an “other”, as though they don’t belong. Firstly, the narrator describes the characters craving to fit in with the other people at the table to an extreme degree. Secondly, the family is described as being nothing but respectful and treating the protagonist as a human, a person, and not as a “foreigner.” These two parts of the passage paint a picture of desperate insecurity within the protagonist.
Another recent story where we encountered this theme of race and belonging is Quicksand. In it, there are frequent scenes where Helga Crane is painfully aware of how she’s different from the people around her and how badly she wants to be accepted by them, but no matter how they act she cannot let her feeling of “otherness” go long enough to feel as though she belongs.
“You knew you were abnormal- the way the nasty ones were too nasty and the nice ones too nice. The old white women who muttered and glared at him, the black men who shook their heads at you, the black women whose pitiful eyes bemoaned your lack of self-esteem, your self-loathing. Or the black women who smiled swift, secret solidarity smiles, the black men who tried too hard to forgive you, saying a too obvious hi to him, the white woman who said “what a good looking pair” too brightly, too loudly, as though to prove their own tolerance to themselves.”
The people around the narrator are suspicious and uncomfortable with their relationship. They seem to resent to the pairing of a black woman and white man. It is seemed odd yet none of these people have the audacity to outright reject this pairing. This quotation proves that although legally the segregation of races may be illegal, we still continue to think and operate un-cohesively.
1. “His father’s chest was broad and, although he already spat the tubercular blood that would write the end of his story, he was still a strong man. It would take him many years to die. In those years, the father would tell the boy, who had forgotten this part entirely, that at first when he talked about the shadows the father thought he’d been visited by manidoog. But then, as the boy described the shapes, his father had understood that they were not spirits.”
2.This passage to me is foreshadowing what will happen to the son as well as comparing and contrasting them.The first thing they talk about was how strong his father was.and then talk about how long it would take for his father to die.When he becomes a father he goes through the same thing his father does however does not break as easily.The father only weakens when he physically weakens and he finally tells his son what he believed to be the truth after years if holding it in.The son however is in the same situation and he becomes a drunk and beats his kids.I don’t think this was random there’s too much of a difference in how they react for it to be anything but a comparison between them.
3.I believe that the whole story is about many things.This comparison of weak and strong is also else where in the book.The husband tried to love his wife even though she had a baby with another guy,the wife on the other hand could not get the other guy out of her head and as a result could not appreciate her husband.The daughter more than likely saved her mothers life by jumping to the wolves which takes a certain strength she will die knowing that she did something good,the father knows he tried to love his wife and that she acted selfishly and tore apart their family and as a result their daughter that she wanted so badly died and the mother has to deal with this for the rest of her life if shes still alive.
I think there is an under lying theme of using strength for good and being rewarded in some way.
4.This idea can be found in many passages an books.One of my favorites is the battles that batman and joker have.Batman could easily kill joker if he wanted too.However batman just smashes his plans time and time again and sends him to jail.But why does batman feel as if killing a killer would be wrong? batman says that “Killing a killer does nothing but increase the number of killers in the world.” So it can be said that batman’ reward is being better than those he stops and keeps his peace of mind.
When does the narrator create the narrate–that is, where is the “you” addressed, and who is that you that he builds?
(Late post, I apologize)
The narrator creates this relationship/ barrier with the reader by addressing the readers as “you” especially in the beginning of the story. Jackson Jackson in the beginning of the story states “I’m not going to tell you my particular reasons for being homeless, because it’s my secret story, and Indians have to work hard to keep secrets from hungry white folks,” this atomically puts this barrier between the reader and the narrator. The reader is portrayed as a distant person and as a person who will take advantage of the secret and harm him and his tribe. He starts by building this bad picture of the reader and that we are “hungry white folks” who is looking to harm the Indians. He continues to build this ungrateful and vicious view towards the readers by stating “Maybe you don’t understand the value of a clean bathroom, but I do,” in other words we are ungrateful for things that we feel are common however is a luxury to others and that we won’t ever understand what a clean bathroom is like because he feels that we don’t come across dirty or unclean restrooms. Again he builds this barrier between the reader and himself that the reader will not understand. In other words its like, I’m just telling you but I don’t expect you to understand how I feel about it. He further develops this barrier by stating “We’re common and boring, and you walk right on by us, with maybe a look of anger or disgust or even sadness at the terrible fate of the noble savage,” Jackson mentions “you” referring to us the reader and says how we see homeless people often and not only do we not care about them but many times we make faces towards them. Sometimes faces that show our anger towards them and sometimes our sympathy towards them. He makes it clear that we, the reader are these vicious evil people who are not trustworthy, not grateful and are bad guys. We can maybe better understand this by the way many of us see corporate workers and how their ungrateful and corrupt is kind of how the narrator portrays us the reader as. Jackson builds this image of “you” as a corrupt person.
Where is there humor? to what end?
(For starters, sorry for my late posting)
There is humor present throughout the course of Sherman Alexie’s story “What You Pawn I Will Redeem”, seen through dialog, character’s actions, and even the main character’s name, Jackson Jackson. I believe humor is used as a tool to lighten an otherwise grim situation. For instance in the very beginning the narrator, Jackson Jackson, describes himself as trustworthy after saying he has had two or three wives and two or three kids. Which is ironic, how can someone be considered trustworthy when they do not even know how many children they have fathered. Also he reached the conclusion that he was trustworthy because store owners allow him to use their restrooms. Jackson’s actions are humorous as well because he was given twenty four hours to come up with nine hundred and ninety nine dollars to buy back his grandmother’s regalia that was stolen years prior, from a pawn shop owner. He already had five dollars from begging on the street and the shop owner gave him a twenty dollar head start, Jackson’s first thought was to go to a seven eleven with his fellow homeless friends buy “three bottles of imagination”, and get drunk in an alley. I feel that the humor is essential in this story because a person’s life is full of very traumatic and difficult moments some more than others, this narrator is of Native American decent, a marginalized group of people who have had their heritage taken from them, and many live on reservations. And Jackson specifically is unemployed and homeless. Regardless of this he does not want the audience to feel sorry for him, Jackson jokes about everything in his life and will not give negative aspects of it a second thought like when Junior left. He looks at the positive side of his life and only wants to live life to the fullest. Not starting confrontation with the pawn shop owner for selling his stolen grandmother’s regalia. And sharing what little money he has with others, giving a twenty to the cashier, and buying shots for everyone in the bar.
“What You Pawn I Will Redeem” by Sherman Alexie is about the narrator’s , Jackson Jackson, story about his quest on obtaining $1000 in order to buy his grandmother’s long lost ceremonial regalia. What follows is a tale of Jackson’s tendencies at being irresponsible keeping the money he collected and instead ending up spending it on other things.
While I think that most of us will assume or get the hunch that Jackson is bound to fail on his task, he still ended up getting the regalia back anyway. This is because in the eyes of those around him, he’s a reliable man. His encounter with other people in different situations showed his generous and kind personality, which earned their trust, hence why he was successful in the end. For example, after waking up before Junior, Jackson constantly checked if he was still breathing, making sure his friend is alright. He also didn’t want to bring in the police into the situation about stealing of the regalia, he wanted to work hard for it instead. When Jackson won some money from a scratch lottery ticket, he gave twenty dollars as a small token to the clerk, Mary, saying that “When you win, you’re supposed to share with your family.” He also treated his “new friends” and fellow Indians to drinks and bought breakfast for the Aleuts he met at the wharf. Even though Jackson is in a difficult situation himself, he still acted out of goodness to others. His altruistic gestures was reciprocated with other people aiding him back, like the Big Boss giving him free newspapers to sell, when the police officer chipped in thirty bucks to help and ultimately the pawnbroker offering the regalia at no charge.
As a narrator tho, it is difficult to say if Jackson is a credible one, whether his story is true since its authenticity is quiet questionable. Made up stories tend to make the story teller in a positive image. You could say he is a good story teller tho if it were all just fictional events, like he said, “we Indians are great storytellers and liars and mythmakers”. I guess it entirely up to the readers whether to believe Jackson’s story is genuine as can be.
Throughout the first couple of chapters that I have read I could already see conflicts brewing due to Helga’s race. She is the daughter of a white Danish woman and a African American jazz musician. We don’t really see Helga’s father because he left her and his wife when Helga was born (might be wrong). Due to this she is a mix of both races. She has a hard time expressing her true feelings. Helga has a hard time fitting in society, she does not “feel at home” whether it’s with the black people or the white people. Even at the school that she teaches she cannot really fit in, just because she is a mixed race. In my opinion being a mixed race does not mean that you cannot fit anywhere, it should be the other way around, where you can see and live the life of both races. Anyway, the biggest dilemma in the story would be whether or not Helga can find a place called home, without there being anyone to judge her because of her mixed race. In Naxos she had no time to relax or rest from any thoughts ” ever since her arrival, she had striven to keep these ends of the days from the intrusion of irritating thoughts and worries”. No matter what she does or goes, there will always be a shadow casting down upon her, reminding her that she cannot fit in any group. Although she will face these troubles, I think she will overcome and find a place that she can call home.
—- Do you think Helga will wonder aimlessly without being welcomed anywhere throughout the whole story, or will she be able to cross her racial boundary ?
No, it is not possible to fast for that long and expect to be alive for all of it especially with out water. Any real person cannot survive without food for 3 weeks, so instead what is used is a suspension of belief. What a suspension of belief is when a writer introduces something that can be a little believable and makes it interesting, then it would make the readers forget about reality and just focus on the story. In the version of Cinderella that I read which was “The Little Red Fish And the Golden Clog”. There where many occasions that wasn’t believable at all like a fish that can talk and toxics that can make a person beautiful, but what made it ok was the emotions of Cinderella and how she was being treated a version of suspension of belief. A another example, is a super hero show called the Flash the main character was hit by lighting next to random chemicals. In real life a person would die by the chemicals and the lighting, but it would be entertaining to see a human get super speed and it kind of makes sense. As the watcher you do not know what chemicals that are used and with the way how science is now it is possible. The fact that the chemicals could of fuse with the lighting and in return it gave him powers could be excused. | FINEWEB-EDU |
分类 MySQL 下的文章
[Warning] Aborted connection 162746 to db: (Got an error reading communication packets)
这几天发现VPS上的mysql数据库告警日志里报了很多如下错误：
2017-04-10 05:37:49 14557 [Warning] Aborted connection 162746 to db: 'bigbiglife' user: 'bigbiglife' host: 'localhost' (Got an error reading communication packets)
虽然不是大问题，但是对于处女座的我，不能忍！
我这个问题可能是PHP连接MySQL后超过wait_timeout设置的时间限制被kill后造成的。
详情可以看https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/communication-errors.html
- 阅读剩余部分 -
MySQL之log_timestamps
今天有同学在群里问MySQL的error log里记录的时间怎么和当前系统时间不一致，日志里的时间要比当前晚了好些。我以前也遇到过这类问题，是在crontab这个地方遇到的，一直也没搞明白怎么回事，最后重装系统，重新ntp同步后，发现时间又正常了。最初查询google还以为是rsyslog程序的问题。
后来经群里另一个同学提示，发现MySQL 5.7.2以后的版本新增了一个log_timestamps参数，原来问题就出在这里。在MySQL官方文档里有下面一段话：
Error Log Message Format
As of MySQL 5.7.2, the log_timestamps system variable controls the timestamp time zone of messages written to the error log (as well as to general query log and slow query log files). Permitted values are UTC (the default) and SYSTEM (local system time zone). Before MySQL 5.7.2, messages use the local system time zone.
- 阅读剩余部分 -
MySQLSRV起停脚本
分享一个自己写mysql起停脚本，方便测试环境多实例其他操作
[root@node2 ~]# cat /sbin/mysqlsrv
#!/bin/bash
mysql_dir=/usr/local/mysql/
mysql_dat=/data
if [ "$2" = "" ]
then
port=3306
else
port="$2"
fi
function mysql_process_cnt()
(ps -ef|grep -v "grep"|grep mysql$port|wc -l)
function mysql_start()
(/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my$port.cnf &)
function mysql_kill()
(
#ps -ef|grep mysql|grep $port|awk -F' ' '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9
mysqladmin -uroot -pshunzi -S /data/mysql$port/tmp/mysql$port.sock shutdown
)
function mysql_stat()
(mysqladmin -uroot -pshunzi -S /data/mysql$port/tmp/mysql$port.sock -r -i 1 ext |\
awk -F"|" \
"BEGIN{ count=0; }"\
'{ if($2 ~ /Variable_name/ && ((++count)%20 == 1)){\
print "----------|---------|--- MySQL Command Status --|----- Innodb row operation ----|-- Buffer Pool Read --";\
print "---Time---|---QPS---|select insert update delete| read inserted updated deleted| logical physical";\
}\
else if ($2 ~ /Queries/){queries=$3;}\
else if ($2 ~ /Com_select /){com_select=$3;}\
else if ($2 ~ /Com_insert /){com_insert=$3;}\
else if ($2 ~ /Com_update /){com_update=$3;}\
else if ($2 ~ /Com_delete /){com_delete=$3;}\
else if ($2 ~ /Innodb_rows_read/){innodb_rows_read=$3;}\
else if ($2 ~ /Innodb_rows_deleted/){innodb_rows_deleted=$3;}\
else if ($2 ~ /Innodb_rows_inserted/){innodb_rows_inserted=$3;}\
else if ($2 ~ /Innodb_rows_updated/){innodb_rows_updated=$3;}\
else if ($2 ~ /Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests/){innodb_lor=$3;}\
else if ($2 ~ /Innodb_buffer_pool_reads/){innodb_phr=$3;}\
else if ($2 ~ /Uptime / && count >= 2){\
printf(" %s |%9d",strftime("%H:%M:%S"),queries);\
printf("|%6d %6d %6d %6d",com_select,com_insert,com_update,com_delete);\
printf("|%6d %8d %7d %7d",innodb_rows_read,innodb_rows_inserted,innodb_rows_updated,innodb_rows_deleted);\
printf("|%10d %11d\n",innodb_lor,innodb_phr);\
}}')
case $1 in
start)
if [ `mysql_process_cnt` -gt 0 ]
then
echo 'Mysql Server is running!'
else
mysql_start
echo 'Begin startup mysql...'
sleep 5;
if [ `mysql_process_cnt` -gt 0 ]
then
echo 'Mysql Server is startup!'
else
echo 'Mysql Server is startup error!'
fi
fi
;;
stop)
if [ `mysql_process_cnt` -gt 0 ]
then
mysql_kill
echo 'Begin stop mysql...'
sleep 5;
if [ `mysql_process_cnt` -gt 0 ]
then
echo 'Mysql Server is stop error!'
else
echo 'Mysql Server is stop ok!'
fi
else
echo 'Mysql Server is not run!'
fi
;;
cnt)
echo `mysql_process_cnt` "$2" mysql$port
;;
mysql)
mysql -uroot -pshunzi -S /data/mysql$port/tmp/mysql$port.sock
;;
stat)
mysql_stat
;;
*)
echo "### Usage: ### default port 3306"
echo "==================================================="
echo "mysqlsrv start port #start the port's mysql server!"
echo "mysqlsrv stop port #stop the port's mysql server!"
echo "mysqlsrv cnt port #view the port's process info!"
echo "mysqlsrv stat port #view the port's server status!"
echo "==================================================="
;;
esac
``
MySQL 5.7之主从复制搭建
MySQL5.7版本发版已经好久了，相对也比较稳定了，刚好今天搭好虚拟机环境，下面就来搭一套基于MySQL5.7版本的主从复制吧。
复制过程
mysql-replication.png
1. master将变化的binary log events记录到binary log
2. slavemasterbinary log events拷贝到它的relay log中
3. slave把relay log events重新应用到数据库。
准备环境
- 阅读剩余部分 -
Title - Artist
0:00 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Juan José Warner
Notability
I added the notability template, because the article started with mentioning that Warner went somewhere, purchased land and started a ranch. I never heard of Warner, and that fact alone does not give my any reason to believe that Warner is notable. However, after I read that the ranch was not just any ranch, I removed the notification. I tried to reword the start of the article, to introduce this Juan Jose Warner in a more appropriate way. Not knowing the guy makes it hard, but I hope I introduced him correctly. If not, please improve my intro. Keep up the good wikiing! --EdgeNavidad (talk) 15:46, 27 August 2008 (UTC)
Proposed merger
After reading an 1895 article in The Land of Sunshine about Jonathan J. Warner, it appears that he and Juan Jose Warner are one in the same person. Here is the relevant excerpt from the magazine (which is now in the public domain), taken from p. 128:
"Col. Warner was born in Lyme, Conn., November 20, 1807. He was named Jonathan after several of his ancestors, and Jonathan Trumbull after Governor Jonathan Trumbull of Connecticut; but when, in after years, he was rechristened in Catholic California (then a province of Mexico), inasmuch as Trumbull had no equivalent in Spanish, and was not easily pronounced by Spanish-speaking people, he was named Juan José; and he has ever been known since as John J., or J. J. Warner."
I'm certainly not an expert on this topic, but it does appear to me that Jonathan J. Warner and Juan Jose Warner are the same person.
Michael Barera (talk) 22:46, 12 May 2014 (UTC)
* I agree. You might do a WP:BLAR to consolidate them. – S. Rich (talk) 17:49, 16 November 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Cutty Cutshall
Robert Dewees "Cutty" Cutshall (December 29, 1911 – August 16, 1968) was an American jazz trombonist.
Cutshall was born in Huntington Co., Pennsylvania, on December 29, 1911. He played in Pittsburgh early in his career, making his first major tour in 1934 with Charley Dornberger. He joined Jan Savitt's orchestra in 1938, then played with Benny Goodman in the early 1940s. Later in the decade he worked frequently with Billy Butterfield and did some freelance work in New York City. He started working with Eddie Condon in 1949, an association which lasted over a decade. Cutshall was touring with Condon in Toronto when the trombonist died of a heart attack in his hotel room on August 16, 1968.
Cutshall's credits include work with Peanuts Hucko, Bob Crosby, Ella Fitzgerald, and Louis Armstrong.
Discography
With Eddie Condon With Bobby Hackett
* That Toddlin' Town (Warner Bros., 1959)
* Creole Cookin' (Verve, 1967) | WIKI |
Do Wall Street Analysts Like Simon Property Group Stock?
Indianapolis-based Simon Property Group, Inc. (SPG) operates as a retail REIT focused on owning premier shopping, dining, entertainment, and mixed-use destinations. Valued at $57.1 billion by market cap, Simon owns 250+ iconic properties across North America, Europe, and Asia, providing community gathering places for millions of people every day.
The real estate giant has notably underperformed the broader market over the past year. SPG stock has gained 9.2% over the past 52 weeks and 1.1% on a YTD basis, compared to the S&P 500 Index’s ($SPX) 14.3% gains over the past year and 8.7% returns in 2025.
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Narrowing the focus, Simon Property has notably outperformed the sector-focused Real Estate Select Sector SPDR Fund’s (XLRE) marginal 76 bps dip over the past year, but lagged behind XLRE’s 2.9% uptick in 2025.
Simon Property Group’s stock prices gained 3.3% in the trading session following the release of its solid Q2 results on Aug. 4. Driven by robust growth in lease income and management fees and other revenues, the company’s overall topline for the quarter increased 2.8% year-over-year to $1.5 billion. This was also supported by an improvement in the occupancy rate. Further, the company’s NOI increased by 4.2% compared to the year-ago quarter.
Meanwhile, Simon’s real estate FFO grew 4.1% year-over-year to $3.05 per share, surpassing the consensus estimates by 33 bps. Further, observing the solid momentum, the company raised its full-year real estate FFO guidance.
For the full fiscal 2025, ending in December, analysts expect Simon to deliver a real estate FFO of $12.53 per share, down 3.5% year-over-year. The company has a mixed earnings surprise history. While it missed the Street’s bottom-line estimates once over the past four quarters, it surpassed the projections on three other occasions.
The stock has a consensus “Moderate Buy” rating overall. Of the 20 analysts covering the SPG stock, opinions include nine “Strong Buys” and 11 “Holds.”
This configuration is slightly more optimistic than two months ago, when eight analysts gave “Strong Buy” recommendations.
On Aug. 5, Stifel analyst Simon Yarmak maintained a “Buy” rating on SPG, but reduced the price target from $180 to $179.
As of writing, SPG’s mean price target of $182.58 represents a modest 4.9% premium to current price levels. Meanwhile, the street-high target of $225 suggests a notable 29.2% upside potential.
On the date of publication, Aditya Sarawgi did not have (either directly or indirectly) positions in any of the securities mentioned in this article. All information and data in this article is solely for informational purposes. This article was originally published on Barchart.com | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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