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Wikipedia:Peer review/Overseas teams in the main competition of the Coupe de France/archive1 Overseas teams in the main competition of the Coupe de France I've listed this article for peer review because I want to extend the Overview section. Thanks, Dr Salvus (talk) 18:56, 14 February 2021 (UTC) * You seem to have overlooked the instruction in bold red letters at WP:PR/Instructions, limiting you to one active review at a time. Since your review of List of Coppa Italia finals (although requested one-and-one-half hours later) is somewhat active, this request should be withdrawn (I don't know the correct procedure for that, however). — JohnFromPinckney (talk) 19:26, 25 February 2021 (UTC)	WIKI
blob: 0ebf31cb674171931adf0e7c0cdef85c6ef4cc6f [file] [log] [blame] /* Simple DirectMedia Layer Copyright (C) 1997-2016 Sam Lantinga <slouken@libsdl.org> This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software. Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions: 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required. 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software. 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution. / /* * \file SDL_test_common.h * * Include file for SDL test framework. * * This code is a part of the SDL2_test library, not the main SDL library. / / Ported from original test\common.h file. / #ifndef _SDL_test_common_h #define _SDL_test_common_h #include "SDL.h" #if defined(__PSP__) #define DEFAULT_WINDOW_WIDTH 480 #define DEFAULT_WINDOW_HEIGHT 272 #else #define DEFAULT_WINDOW_WIDTH 640 #define DEFAULT_WINDOW_HEIGHT 480 #endif #define VERBOSE_VIDEO 0x00000001 #define VERBOSE_MODES 0x00000002 #define VERBOSE_RENDER 0x00000004 #define VERBOSE_EVENT 0x00000008 #define VERBOSE_AUDIO 0x00000010 typedef struct { / SDL init flags / char argv; Uint32 flags; Uint32 verbose; / Video info / const char videodriver; int display; const char window_title; const char window_icon; Uint32 window_flags; int window_x; int window_y; int window_w; int window_h; int window_minW; int window_minH; int window_maxW; int window_maxH; int logical_w; int logical_h; float scale; int depth; int refresh_rate; int num_windows; SDL_Window *windows; / Renderer info / const char renderdriver; Uint32 render_flags; SDL_bool skip_renderer; SDL_Renderer renderers; SDL_Texture targets; /* Audio info / const char audiodriver; SDL_AudioSpec audiospec; /* GL settings / int gl_red_size; int gl_green_size; int gl_blue_size; int gl_alpha_size; int gl_buffer_size; int gl_depth_size; int gl_stencil_size; int gl_double_buffer; int gl_accum_red_size; int gl_accum_green_size; int gl_accum_blue_size; int gl_accum_alpha_size; int gl_stereo; int gl_multisamplebuffers; int gl_multisamplesamples; int gl_retained_backing; int gl_accelerated; int gl_major_version; int gl_minor_version; int gl_debug; int gl_profile_mask; } SDLTest_CommonState; #include "begin_code.h" / Set up for C function definitions, even when using C++ / #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif / Function prototypes / /* * \brief Parse command line parameters and create common state. * * \param argv Array of command line parameters * \param flags Flags indicating which subsystem to initialize (i.e. SDL_INIT_VIDEO \| SDL_INIT_AUDIO) * * \returns Returns a newly allocated common state object. / SDLTest_CommonState SDLTest_CommonCreateState(char argv, Uint32 flags); / * \brief Process one common argument. * * \param state The common state describing the test window to create. * \param index The index of the argument to process in argv[]. * * \returns The number of arguments processed (i.e. 1 for --fullscreen, 2 for --video [videodriver], or -1 on error. / int SDLTest_CommonArg(SDLTest_CommonState state, int index); /** * \brief Returns common usage information * * \param state The common state describing the test window to create. * * \returns String with usage information / const char SDLTest_CommonUsage(SDLTest_CommonState * state); /** * \brief Open test window. * * \param state The common state describing the test window to create. * * \returns True if initialization succeeded, false otherwise / SDL_bool SDLTest_CommonInit(SDLTest_CommonState state); /** * \brief Common event handler for test windows. * * \param state The common state used to create test window. * \param event The event to handle. * \param done Flag indicating we are done. * / void SDLTest_CommonEvent(SDLTest_CommonState state, SDL_Event * event, int done); /* * \brief Close test window. * * \param state The common state used to create test window. * / void SDLTest_CommonQuit(SDLTest_CommonState state); /* Ends C function definitions when using C++ / #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #include "close_code.h" #endif / _SDL_test_common_h / / vi: set ts=4 sw=4 expandtab: */	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
In re O & G LEASING, LLC, et al., Jointly Administered O & G LEASING, LLC and Performance Drilling Co. LLC v. First Security Bank, As Trustee, and Doe Debenture Holders 1-5000. Bankruptcy No. 10-01851EE. Adversary No. 10-00054EE. United States Bankruptcy Court, S.D. Mississippi. Aug. 26, 2011. Douglas C. Noble, McCraney Montagnet & Quin, PLLC, Ridgeland, MS, Edwin Stephen Williams, Robert L. Holladay, Jr., Young Williams PA, Jackson, MS, for Debtors. Jim F. Spencer, Jr., Cynthia Joyce Hall, Paul H. Stephenson, III, Watkins & Eager, PLLC, Jackson, MS, Stephen W. Ro-senblatt, Christopher R. Maddux, Butler Snow O’Mara Stevens & Cannada, Ridge-land, MS, for First Security Bank, as Trustee, and DOE Debenture Holders 1-5000. MEMORANDUM OPINION ON FIRST SECURITY BANK AS TRUSTEE’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT EDWARD ELLINGTON, Bankruptcy Judge. THIS MATTER came before the Court on First Security Bank as Trustee’s Motion for Summary Judgment (# 34), Plaintiffs’ Response in Opposition to First Security Bank’s Motion for Summary Judgment (# 40) filed by O & G Leasing, LLC and Performance Drilling Company, LLC. Having considered same and the respective briefs filed by the parties, the Court finds that summary judgment should be granted in favor of First Security Bank, as Trustee pursuant to the Amended and Restated Trust Indenture. FACTS O & G Leasing, LLC (O & G) and Performance Drilling Company, LLC (PDC) were created in 2006 for the purpose of owning and operating oil and gas drilling rigs. O & G owns the drilling rigs and leases them to PDC, its operating subsidiary. PDC seeks to obtain contracts with exploration companies, and PDC then provides the drilling rigs to drill for oil and gas. Prior Debentures Beginning in 2006, and continuing over a three-year period, O & G acquired a total of five (5) oil and gas drilling rigs. In order to finance the purchase and/or construction of each rig, O & G issued a series of debentures. First Security Bank (FSB) served as the indenture trustee for all of the debentures. As of the end of 2008, O & G had issued a total of five series of debentures (Prior Debentures). All of the Prior Debentures were secured by “the specific rig O & G purchased or constructed with the proceeds thereof. Each series of Prior Debentures was issued under a particular trust indenture^] ... was secured by independent collateral (the particular rig financed) and contained varying revenue pledges and payment terms.” Complaint for (I) Declaratory Judgment to Determine Validity, Priority and Extent of Liens, and (II) Avoidance of Preferential Transfers Under § 547, Adversary No. 10-00054EE, Docket No. 1, ¶¶ 9 & 10, pp. 3-4, June 11, 2010. To perfect FSB’s security interest in each rig and its revenue, four separate Uniform Commercial Code financing statements (Prior UCC-1 Financing Statements) covering the particular rigs were filed with the Mississippi Secretary of State. These Prior UCC-1 Financing Statements have not been terminated. 2009 Exchange Offer The oil and gas drilling market collapsed in 2008. According to O & G, “[o]il and natural gas prices dropped 40-60% and the number of rigs in use in the marketplace decreased by half based on reported utilization rates. Due to lack of demand and utilization, and corresponding drop in drilling rates, [O & G’s] revenues decreased substantially.” In response to this drop in revenue, O & G negotiated an Exchange Offer with FSB. The Exchange Offer was an offer by O & G to exchange the Prior Debentures for one consolidated debenture (2009 Debenture). “The stated purpose of the consolidation plan was to simplify [O & G’s] capital and debt structure and to balance the cash flows from all of O & G’s rigs securing the prior Debentures in order to make the pledged revenue easier for [O & G] and [FSB] to manage.” Pursuant to the Exchange Offer: The purpose of this Exchange Offer ... is to set forth certain information in connection with the offer by O & G Leasing, LLC ... of its 10.50% Debentures, Senior Series 2009A [$25,955,000] ... and 16.00% Debentures, Subordinate Series 2009B [$7,610,000] ... which will be issued to [O & G’s] existing Prior Debenture Holders in exchange for a like principal amount of the Prior Debentures.... The 2009A Debentures will be exchanged for a like amount of the senior debentures of each series of the Prior Debentures and the Subordinate Series 2009B Debentures will be exchanged for a like amount of the subordinate debentures of each series of the Prior Debentures. The Series 2009 Debentures are being issued under an Indenture of Trust (the “Indenture”) dated as of September 1, 2009, between [O & G] and First Security Bank, Searcy, Arkansas, as the trustee. The Indenture is substantially the same as the indentures under which the Prior Debentures were issued and only changes and deviations from those prior indentures are described herein. [O & G] is proposing to make the Exchange Offer to simplify its capital and debt structure and to balance the case flow from each of [O & G’s] drilling rigs. Presently each series of Prior Debentures is secured as follows: _SUMMARY OF TERMS OF THE PRIOR DEBENTURES_ RIG # 3 (Series RIG # 28/22 (Series RIG # 14/48 (Series _2007A and B)_2008A and B)_2008C and D)_ Collateral Rig # 3 Drilling Equip- Rig # 28 Drilling Equip- Rig # 14 Drilling Equip- ment ment and Rig # 22 Drill- ment and a subordinate ing Equipment interest in Rig # 48 Drill- ing Equipment .... [O & G] is proposing a unified structure pursuant to which all five (5) of the rigs shown above (Rigs 3, 14, 22, 28 and 48) and all of the Gross Pledgable Revenues from all of the rigs will be used as collateral and the payment source for the Series 2009 Debentures; provided, that, as to the Rig # 48 Drilling Equipment, the security interest of the Debenture Holders will be, as is currently true for the Series 2008C and D Debentures, subject and subordinate to the lien of that certain loan to [0 & G] from Washington State Bank secured by Rig #48.... First Security Bank as Trustee’s Motion for Summary Judgment, Docket No #34, Exhibit F to Affidavit of Frank Faust (Exchange Offer), pp. 1-3. In addition to the Exchange Offer, 0 & G executed an Amended and Restated Trust Indenture which consolidated the Prior Debentures into one debenture. 0 & G also executed a Closing Statement. The Closing Statement is 0 & G’s certification that the information and/or representations in the Exchange Offer were true and correct, and a certification that 0 & G had signed the Amended and Restated Trust Indenture. The Closing Statement and the Amended and Restated Trust Indenture are both dated September 15, 2009. 2009 Security Agreement Finally, O & G executed an Assignment of Drilling Contracts, Lease, Rents, Revenues and Pledge and Security Agreement (2009 Security Agreement). The 2009 Security Agreement is also dated September 15, 2009. The 2009 Security Agreement was signed by O & G and PDC. The 2009 Security Agreement states in pertinent part: FIRST, by PERFORMANCE DRILLING, L.L.C., ... in favor of O & G Leasing, Inc., ... as security for the payment of all rents, fees and other liabilities ... to O & G under that certain Lease Agreement dated September 15, 2009 ... pursuant to which O & G has leased to Performance Drilling those certain drilling rigs more fully described in Schedule 1 to EXHIBIT A, attached hereto (“Performance Drilling Rig # 3; Performance Drilling Rig #22, Performance Drilling Rig # 22, Performance Drilling Rig # 14; and Performance Drilling Rig #48” or sometimes herein simply called “the Drilling Rigs”); and SECOND, by O & G in favor of FIRST SECURITY BANK, Searcy, Arkansas, not in its individual capacity but solely as Trustee ... under that certain Amended and Restated Trust Indenture dated as of September 15, 2009 by Trustee and O & G, as security for O & G’s obligations under the Trust Indenture and for the benefit of the owners of the Debentures issued under the Trust Indenture ... in order to induce the Debenture owners to exchange O & G’s prior debentures (defined as (a) $5,800,000 9.25% Debentures, Series 2007A and $1,515,000 15.00% Subordinate Debentures, Series 2007B; (b) $17,600,000 10.00% Debentures, Series 2008A and $4,400,000 15.00% Subordinate Debentures, Series 2008B; and (c) $5,670,000 10.50% Debentures, Series 2008C and $2,500,000 16.00% Subordinate Debentures, Series 2008D ... (further referred to herein collectively the “Prior Debentures”) for its 10.50% Debentures, Senior Series 2009A and its 16.00% Subordinate Debentures, Series 2009B in the aggregate principal amount of $83,565,000, for the purpose of exchanging the Debentures for O & G’s Prior Debentures (herein referred to as the “Exchange”)), and thus to simplify O & G’s capital and debt structure and to balance the cast flow from each of the Drilling Rigs. Furthermore, Performance Drilling hereby specifically recognizes and agrees that O & G has financed the Drilling Rigs through the issuance of the Debentures and that until the date the Debentures have been paid in full with interest, Performance Drilling joins with O & G to pledge the Drilling Rigs’ Property (as defined below and more fully described in EXHIBIT A attached hereto) in favor of Secured Party to the full extent of Performance Drilling’s interest therein. In consideration of the foregoing and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, Performance Drilling and O & G, jointly and severally, hereby represent, warrant, covenant and agree to Secured Party and its successors and assigns the following: 1. Grant of Security Interest. FIRST, Performance Drilling hereby sells, transfers, conveys, sets over and assigns, absolutely, completely and unconditionally, all of its right, title and interest in, and further collaterally assigns, transfers and pledges to O & G; and SECOND Performance Drilling and O & G concurrently, jointly and severally in turn to hereby sell, transfer, convey, set over and assign, absolutely, completely and unconditionally, all of their right, title and interest in, and further collaterally assign, transfer and pledge to Secured Party, and grant to Secured Party a first and prior security interest in, all of Performance Drilling’s and O & G’s right, title and interest in and to that personal, intangible and other property which is more fully described in EXHIBIT A attached hereto, whether now existing or hereafter acquired, along with all proceeds associated therewith with a subordinate security interest in Drilling Rig # 48 (collectively, the “Drilling Rigs Property”).... It is acknowledged, agreed and understood that O & G is, contemporaneously herewith, issuing the Debentures, and securing the Debentures with a security interest in the Drilling Rigs Property and that Secured Party would not otherwise issue the Debentures and the owners of the Debentures would not purchase the Debentures absent the collateral enhancement being provided by the granting of the subject security interests. Performance Drilling and O & G represent, warrant and acknowledge, respectively, that it is receiving good and valuable consideration in exchange for the granting of the subject security interests and that it will directly financially benefit as a result of the granting to Secured Party of the subject security interests. First Security Bank as Trustee’s Motion for Summary Judgment, Docket No #34, Exhibit I to Affidavit of Frank Faust (Assignment of Drilling Contracts, Lease, Rents, Revenues and Pledge and Security Agreement), pp. 1-2. (emphasis added) (footnote added) O & G and PDC admit that they signed the 2009 Security Agreement. However, 0 & G and PDC state that Exhibit A (Description of Collateral Exhibit) mentioned in the 2009 Security Agreement was not attached to the 2009 Security Agreement when O & G and PDC signed it. O & G and PDC allege that this rendered the 2009 Security Agreement unenforceable because it lacked a valid description of the collateral. Under the terms of the 2009 Debentures, the O & G and PDC were required to begin interest-only payments on March 15, 2010. O & G and PDC failed to make the first interest payment as required by the 2009 Debenture. On March 9, 2010, FSB filed a UCC-1 Financing Statement (2010 UCC-1 Financing Statement) with the Mississippi Secretary of State’s office. The 2009 Security Agreement is described in the 2010 UCC-1. In addition, the 2010 UCC-1 Financing Statement lists as collateral: Rig # 3 Drilling Equipment; Rig # 14 Drilling Equipment; Rig # 22 Drilling Equipment; Rig # 28 Drilling Equipment; and Rig # 48 Drilling Equipment. On May 21, 2010, O & G and PDC filed separate petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. On May 27, 2011, the Court entered an Order Directing Joint Administration of Affiliated Cases Pursuant to Rule 1015(b), which consolidated the cases into the main bankruptcy of O & G (Case No. 10-01851EE). For purposes of this opinion, the Court will refer to O & G and PDC collectively as the Debtor. On June 6, 2011, the Debtor commenced the above-styled adversary proceeding with the filing of its Complaint for (I) Declaratory Judgment to Determine Validity, Priority and Extent of Liens, and (II) Avoidance of Preferential Transfers Under § 517 (Complaint). The Debtor seeks an adjudication that FSB’s liens and security interests in the Debtor’s drilling rigs are invalid because: (1) the 2009 Security Agreement lacks an adequate description of the collateral, (2) the 2010 UCC-1 Financing Statement constitutes a preferential transfer pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 547(b), and (3) the 2009 Debenture is a complete novation of the Prior Debentures. On July 16, 2010, the Honorable Daniel P. Jordan, III, signed the Agreed Order Referring Case to Bankruptcy Court, which referred to this Court the Complaint filed by FSB against O & G, PDC, and three other defendants in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi. The referred Complaint was assigned Adversary Case Number 10-00070EE. Along with several other grounds for relief, FSB’s Complaint sought a judgment against the Debtor for the total amount of the unpaid 2009 Debenture. On October 7, 2010, the Agreed Order Granting Motion of O & G Leasing, LLC and Performance Drilling Company, LLC for Consolidation of Adversary Proceedings (Docket No. 11) was entered in Adversary Case Number 10-00070EE consolidating Adversary Case Number 10-00070EE with the above styled-adversary. On April 20, 2011, First Security Bank as Trustee’s Motion for Summary Judgment and corresponding brief were filed. In its motion, FSB requests the Court to enter a judgment as a matter of law that it possesses a valid, properly perfected security interest in the Debtor’s five drilling rigs. On May 11, 2011, Plaintiffs’ Response in Opposition to First Security Bank’s Motion for Summary Judgment was filed by the Debtor. The Debtor filed its corresponding brief on May 12, 2011. FSB filed its rebuttal brief on May 31, 2011. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW I. Jurisdiction This Court has jurisdiction of the subject matter and of the parties to this proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334 and 28 U.S.C. § 157. This is a core proceeding as defined in 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(1) and (2)(K). II. Summary Judgment Standards Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, as amended effective December 1, 2010, provides that “[t]he court shall grant summary judgment if the mov-ant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a). When considering a motion for summary judgment, “the court does not weigh the evidence to determine the truth of the matter asserted but simply determines whether a genuine issue for trial exists, and ‘[o]nly disputes over facts that might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law will properly preclude the entry of summary judgment.’ Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 2510, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986).” Newton v. Bank of America (In re Greene), 2011 WL 864971, 4 (Bankr. E.D.Tenn. March 11, 2011). “The moving party bears the burden of showing the ... court that there is an absence of evidence to support the non-moving party’s case. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 325, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986).” Hart v. Hairston, 343 F.3d 762, 764 (5th Cir.2003). Once a motion for summary judgment is pled and properly supported, the burden shifts to the non-moving party to prove that there are genuine disputes as to material facts by “citing to particular parts of materials in the record, including depositions, documents, electronically stored information, affidavits or declarations, stipulations, ... admissions, interrogatory answers, or other materials.” Or the non-moving party may “show[ ] that the materials cited do not establish the absence ... of a genuine dispute.” When proving that there are genuine disputes as to material facts, the non-moving party cannot rely “solely on allegations or denials contained in the pleadings or ‘mere scintilla of evidence in support of the nonmoving party will not be sufficient.’ Nye v. CSX Transp., Inc., 437 F.3d 556, 563 (6th Cir.2006); see also Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 1356 [89 L.Ed.2d 538] (1986).” Newton, 2011 WL 864971 at 4. “[T]he nonmovant must submit or identify evidence in the record to show the existence of a genuine issue of material fact as to each element of the cause of action.” Malacara v. Garber, 353 F.3d 393, 404 (5th Cir.2003). “Where the record taken as a whole could not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the nonmoving party, there is no ‘genuine issue for trial.’ ” Mat-sushita, 106 S.Ct at 1356 (citations omitted). When considering a motion for summary judgment, the court must view the pleadings and evidentiary material, and the reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom, in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, and the motion should be granted only where there is no genuine issue of material fact. Thatcher v. Brennan, 657 F.Supp. 6,7 (S.D.Miss.1986), aff'd, 816 F.2d 675 (5th Cir.1987) (citing Walker v. U-Haul Co. of Miss., 734 F.2d 1068, 1070-71 (5th Cir.1984)); see also Matsu-shita Elec. Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587-88, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 1356-57, 89 L.Ed.2d 538, 553 (1986). The court must decide whether “the evidence presents a sufficient disagreement to require submission to a jury or whether it is so one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 251-52, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 2512, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). III. Does FSB hold a valid security interest? In a Chapter 11 case, the Debtor, as a debtor in possession, is granted the rights and duties of a trustee pursuant to § 1107. Under the strong-arm clause found in § 544, a debtor has the status of a bona fide purchaser who has a perfected lien on the assets of the debtor as of the time the case was commenced. The security interest of an unperfected creditor is defeated by the debtor’s § 544 powers and is relegated to the status of an unsecured creditor. Therefore, if at the time of filing, FSB did not have a valid, properly perfected security interest in the five drilling rigs, then the lien established by § 544 would prime FSB, and FSB would be relegated to the status of an unsecured creditor. a. Does the 2009 Security Agreement provide a description of the collateral sufficient for FSB’s security interest to attach to the drilling rigs? Section 75-9-102(73) of the Mississippi Code defines a security agreement as “an agreement that creates or provides for a security interest.” Miss.Code § 75-9-102(73) (1972). The attachment and enforceability of a security agreement is controlled by § 75-9-203. Section 75-9-203 states in pertinent part: § 75-9-203. Attachment and enforceability of security interest; proceeds; supporting obligations; formal requisites. (a) A security interest attaches to collateral when it becomes enforceable against the debtor with respect to the collateral,.... (b) Except as otherwise provided ... a security interest is enforceable against the debtor and third parties with respect to the collateral only if: (1) Value has been given; (2) The debtor has rights in the collateral or the power to transfer rights in the collateral to a secured party; and (3) One (1) of the following conditions is met: (A) The debtor has authenticated a security agreement that provides a description of the collateral.... Miss.Code § 75-9-203(a) & (b) (1972). Upon a review of the pleadings which have been filed in the adversary, the Court finds that there is no dispute that value has been given and that the Debtor has rights in the collateral. The only element in dispute is the third element: whether the 2009 Security Agreement provides a description of the collateral sufficient for FSB’s security interest to attach to the drilling rigs. The sufficiency of a description is addressed in § 75-9-108. Section 75-9-108 states in pertinent part: § 75-9-108. Sufficiency of description. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c), (d), and (e), a description of personal or real property is sufficient, whether or not it is specific, if it reasonably identifies what is described. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), a description of collateral reasonably identifies the collateral if it identifies the collateral by: (1) Specific listing; (2) Category; (3) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a type of collateral defined in the Uniform Commercial Code; (4) Quantity; (5) Computational or allocational formula or procedure; or (6) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), any other method, if the identity of the collateral is objectively determinable. Miss.Code § 75-9-108(a) & (b) (1972). “Any description of collateral is sufficient, even if it is not specific, so long as it reasonably identifies what is described. In other words, the collateral may be described in general terms. It should put a reasonably diligent person on notice that there may be a security interest in the collateral.” 68A Am. Jur. 2d Secured Transactions § 176 (2003) (footnotes omitted). The Uniform Commercial Code rejects a “mandatory exact and detailed description requirement” and a description is sufficient “if it reasonably identifies what is described, whether or not the description is specific.” 7A Encyclopedia of Miss. Law Secured Transactions § 66:52 (2003) In another treatise, Corpus Juris Secun-dum, the commentators detail what constitutes a sufficient description in a security agreement: The test of sufficiency of such a description is that the description does the job it is assigned to do, namely to make possible the identification of the thing described.... The principal function of the description requirement is to enable the parties themselves to identify the collateral, and if the parties to the agreement understand what collateral was pledged, the security interest cannot be challenged on the basis that the agreement insufficiently describes the collateral. However, a security agreement should describe the collateral with details sufficient for third parties and subsequent creditors, upon a reasonable inquiry, to identify the collateral involved, and to enable a third party to distinguish between the collateral and other, similar goods that the debtor owns. The description merely needs to raise a red flag to a third party, so as to indicate that more investigation may be necessary to determine whether an item is subject to a security interest. 79 C.J.S. Secured Transactions § 45 (June 2011) (footnotes omitted). A security agreement is essentially a contract between the parties in which consensual liens are granted by one of the parties to secure its obligations. As with all contracts, a meeting of the minds is required. Upon a review of the documents submitted to the Court, it is clear that there was a meeting of the minds between the Debt- or and FSB as to the specific collateral the Debtor pledged to FSB in order to secure the 2009 Debenture. As stated previously, the 2009 Exchange Offer was the offer presented by the Debtor to exchange the Prior Debentures for the 2009 Debenture. On page two of the 2009 Exchange Offer, the Debtor specifically lists and identifies the five drilling rigs which secured the Prior Debentures. On page three, the Debtor then states that [O & G] is proposing a unified structure pursuant to which all five (5) of the rigs shown above (Rigs 3, 14, 22, 28 and 48) and all of the Gross Pledgable Revenues from all of the rigs will be used as collateral and the payment source for the Series 2009 Debentures. In the Amended and Restated Trust Indenture, page two lists “Drilling Equipment” in the granting clause. . On page 6, “Drilling Equipment” is defined as “the Rig # 3 Drilling Equipment, the Rig # 14 Drilling Equipment, the Rig # 22 Drilling Equipment, The Rig # 28 Drilling Equipment and the Rig # 48 Drilling Equipment.” The 2009 Security Agreement contains the same listing of the drilling rigs on page one. As stated above, the description requirement in a security agreement serves to enable the parties to identify the collateral pledged. “[I]f the parties to the agreement understand what collateral was pledged, the security interest cannot be challenged on the basis that the agreement insufficiently describes the collateral.” The Court finds that it is clear that the Debtor intended to pledge, and did so pledge, the five drilling rigs as collateral to FSB in order to secure the 2009 Debenture. Therefore, the Debtor cannot challenge the description as being insufficient. However, the case at bar raises an unusual situation. While the Debtor cannot challenge the description, the Debtor, as the debtor in possession, is a “third party” who is contesting the sufficiency of the description in the 2009 Security Agreement. Therefore, if the Court finds that the description is sufficient to raise a red flag to third parties that more investigation may be necessary, the description is sufficient for the attachment of the security interest. In the case of In re Moody, the debtor asserted that the description of collateral in the security agreement he signed with Sears was legally insufficient. The description of the collateral in the security agreement stated that Sears maintained a security agreement in “all merchandise charged to the account.” In reviewing Mississippi law, United States Bankruptcy Judge David W. Houston, III, held that in determining whether a description is legally sufficient, “the test is one of ‘reasonable identification.’ ” In re Moody, 62 B.R. 282, 285 (Bankr.N.D.Miss.1986). In finding that the Sears description met the test of giving reasonable identification of the collateral, Judge Houston quoted with favor from the case Costner’s Furniture, Inc. v. Cawthorn (In re Cawthorn), 1 B.R. 267 (Bankr.W.D.Va.1979): “[i]f the description gives ‘notice’ to a third party who upon reasonable inquiry can determine what is, in fact, included as collateral secured thereby it is sufficient.” At 272. The court further interpreted that statement by saying that it “means that the third parties must inquire and ascertain once he is on ‘notice’.” (citations omitted). Id. In re Moody, 62 B.R. at 285. In a case of like posture as the case at bar, in Greenville Riverboat, LLC v. Less, Getz & Lipman, PLLC, Greenville Marine Corporation (GMC) entered into an escrow and assignment agreement with Rainbow. Rainbow also entered into a promissory note and security agreement with GMC. Subsequently, several creditors obtained judgments against Rainbow. The judgment creditors argued that the description of collateral in GMC’s security agreement was insufficient to create an enforceable security interest which would prime their judgments. The description in question granted GMC a security interest in: the assignment of the right to secure the payments due under that certain agreement existing between Rainbow ... and [GMC] as evidenced by that certain Escrow and Assignment Agreement between Rainbow ... and [GMC] the terms and provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference. (Greenville Riverboat, LLC v. Less, Getz & Lipman, PLLC, 131 F.Supp.2d 842, 848 (S.D.Miss.2000). In rejecting the judgment creditors’ arguments, United States District Court Judge Tom S. Lee found that the description was sufficient to identify the collateral securing the promissory note. Judge Lee further found that if a creditor reviewed the escrow agreement specifically referenced in the security agreement description, a creditor would clearly see that the promissory note was secured by an unconditional assignment by Rainbow to GMC of certain funds. Applying the test of reasonable identification to the case at bar, the Court finds that even with Exhibit A not being attached to the 2009 Security Agreement, the description of the collateral reasonably identifies the collateral to which FSB’s security interest attached in order to place a third party on notice. On page one of the 2009 Security Agreement, it specifically lists the drilling rigs FSB was taking a security interest in: “Performance Drilling Rig # 3; Performance Drilling Rig # 22, Performance Drilling Rig # 22, Performance Drilling Rig # 14; and Performance Drilling Rig # 48” or sometimes herein simply called “the Drilling Rigs.” The specific listing of five drilling rigs in the 2009 Security Agreement reasonably identified the collateral subject to FSB’s lien. The description is sufficient “to raise a red flag to a third party, so as to indicate that more investigation may be necessary to determine whether an item is subject to a security interest.” 79 C.J.S. Secured Transactions § 45 (June 2011) (footnotes omitted). Consequently, the Court finds that the description in the 2009 Security Agreement meets the test to reasonably identify the collateral and to put the Debt- or, as debtor in possession, on notice of FSB’s lien. Since the description is sufficient, the security interest attached to the collateral and FSB has a valid security interest in the five drilling rigs that may not be primed by the Debtor’s strong-arm powers. The Debtor cites the case of Helms v. Certified Packaging Corp., 551 F.3d 675 (7th Cir.2008) in support of its position that the description in the 2009 Security Agreement was not sufficient to grant FSB a security interest in the drilling rigs. However, Helms is clearly distinguishable from the case at bar. In Helms, the collateral in dispute was a commercial tort claim. In holding that the description was not sufficient, the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit found “[f]or many types of collateral, the description in the security agreement need only name the type of collateral ... such as accounts, equipment, and negotiable instruments.” Helms, 551 F.3d at 681 (citations omitted). However, the Seventh Circuit held that the same is not true of commercial tort claims. Similar to Miss.Code § 75-9-108(e), the law in the state of Illinois provides that a description only by type of collateral is not a sufficient description of a commercial tort claim. Since the security agreement in Helms never specified the commercial tort claim, the Seventh Circuit found the description to be insufficient. Unlike Helms, the collateral in question in the case at bar is not a commercial tort claim. The 2009 Security Agreement meets the standard established by the Seventh Circuit in Helms: not only is the type of equipment listed, drilling rigs, but it goes further and states the specific numbers assigned by the Debtor to the five different rigs. b. Is the 2009 Security Agreement unenforceable because the Description of Collateral Exhibit was attached after it was signed? As stated previously, the Debtor asserts that when he signed the 2009 Security Agreement, the Description of Collateral Exhibit was not attached. In In re Allen, 395 F.Supp. 150 (E.D.Ill.1975), the court addressed the same fact pattern as in the case at bar: the debtor signed the security agreement before the description of collateral was attached. The Allen court held that “a careful reading of § 9-203 and the following comments indicate that a security interest is created when the requirements listed in § 9-203(l)(a), (b) and (c) have been completed. There is no specific language requiring that the acts may be consummated in any particular order.” Allen, 395 F.Supp. at 151. In the treatise, White & Summers UCC, the Allen case is cited with approval: “We agree that the events for attachment can happen seriatim and need occur in no particular order.” 4 White & Summers, Uniform Commercial Code § 81-3, Creation and Perfection of Enforceable Article 9 Interests (6th ed. 2009) (2009 WL 3645561,11). Likewise, the court in In re Levine’s Delicatessen & Restaurant, Inc., 53 B.R. 430, 433 (Bankr.S.D.N.Y.1985) held that a valid security agreement existed even though the schedule of collateral was attached after the security agreement had been signed by both parties. The court found that the parties intended to create a security agreement, that a writing signed by both parties existed and that there was no evidence that the description of the collateral was incorrect. “[A] debtor’s signature in blank ... implicitly authorizes the creditor to complete the security agreement, according to the terms agreed to by the parties. We do not condone such a practice but we find no reason to invalidate security agreements so completed which conform to the agreement of the parties.” Rempa v. La-Porte Production Credit Assoc., 444 N.E.2d 308, 313 (Ind.App.1983) (footnote omitted). “If a security agreement is signed in blank by the debtor and is completed so that it accurately reflects the parties’ intent, a valid and binding security interest results.” 68A Am. Jur. 2d Secured Transactions § 157 (2003). The treatise Lawrence’s Anderson on the Uniform Commercial Code addresses the situation of the description of collateral being attached after a security agreement is signed: The fact that a security agreement was signed before the description of the collateral was added does not invalidate the security interest in the absence of proof of fraud, mistake, or undue influence, since a security interest is created when certain conditions are satisfied and Article 9 does not prescribe any sequence in which this must be done. 8A Anderson U.C.C. § 9-203:79 (3d. ed.) (2011) (footnotes omitted) (emphasis added). The Fifth Circuit addressed a similar issue in conjunction with a deed of trust which was signed in blank in Glasscock v. Farmers Royalty Holding Co., 152 F.2d 537 (5th Cir.1945). The Fifth Circuit found that when the grantor signed the deed in blank and gave authority for the description to be added later, “such a deed, after the description has been properly filled in, would be operative to pass title.” Id. at 539 (citations omitted). See In re Schick Oil & Gas, Inc., 35 B.R. 282, 286 (Bankr.W.D.Okla.1983) (valid mortgage may exist as long as bounds of authority are not breached). The Debtor has not alleged that the Description of Collateral Exhibit which was attached to the 2009 Security Agreement sometime after the Debtor signed it does not accurately reflect the collateral it intended to give FSB a security interest in. To the contrary, in the Affidavit of Ben O. Turnage attached to Plaintiffs’ Response in Opposition to First Security Bank’s Motion for Summary Judgment, Mr. Turnage states My understanding, and belief as to FSB’s understanding, based on communications with FSB and its lawyers, is that any security interest held by existing bondholders, and FSB as their trustee, would be “released” upon a refinance or other satisfaction of the existing bonds before the “new debentures” (and FSB as their trustee) could acquire a security interest in the same collateral held by the existing bondholders, and FSB as their trustee. Mr. Turnage clearly acknowledges that the Debtor intended to give a security interest in the same collateral that secured the Prior Debentures, namely the five drilling rigs. The Debtor does not allege any fraud, mistake or undue influence on the part of FSB — at no point does the Debtor state that the Description of Collateral Exhibit does not accurately reflect what the Debt- or intended to give FSB as security for the 2009 Security Agreement. Since “the Uniform Commercial Code does not prescribe any sequence in which the conditions for creation of a security agreement must be met,” the fact that an exhibit that more fully described the collateral and which accurately reflected the intent of the Debt- or and FSB, was attached after the Debtor signed the 2009 Security Agreement and after value was given does not invalidate the liens. While the Court does not believe that signing a security agreement that does not have all of the exhibits attached is the wisest business decision, the Court does not “find [that to be a] reason to invalidate [a] security agreement ] so completed which conform[s] to the agreement of the parties.” Rempa, 444 N.E.2d at 313. c. Summary In summary, the Court finds that the description of collateral found on page one of the 2009 Security Agreement is sufficient in that it reasonably describes the collateral and “gives ‘notice’ to [the debtor in possession] who upon reasonable inquiry can determine what is, in fact, included as collateral secured thereby.” In re Moody, 62 B.R. at 285. In addition, since the UCC does not prescribe any sequence to be used when creating a security interest, “the events for attachment can happen seriatim and need occur in no particular order.” Therefore, the fact that the Description of Collateral Exhibit, which accurately reflects the intention of the parties, was attached to the 2009 Security Agreement after the Debtor had signed it does not prevent the security interest from attaching to the collateral under Mississippi law. Since FSB has a valid, properly perfected security interest in the five drilling rigs, the Debtor may not use the strong-arm clause to prime FSB’s lien. IV. Was the filing of the UCC-1 a voidable preference under § 547? As noted above, with the issuance of each series of debentures, FSB filed a UCC-1 financing statement with the Mississippi Secretary of State’s office. The specific date each UCC-1 financing statement was filed and the specific security for each UCC-1 financing statement are as follows: DATE FILED SECURITY September 14,2006 Rig No. 22 April 10, 2007 Rig No. 3 June 19, 2008 Rig Nos. 28 & 22 October 30, 2008 Rig Nos. 14 & 48 March 9, 2010 Rig Nos. 3, 14, 22, 28 & 48 First Security Bank as Trustee’s Motion for Summary Judgment, Docket No #34, Exhibit K and Exhibit 2 to Affidavit of Frank Faust (UCC-ls). The Debtor asserts that if the Court finds that the description in the 2009 Security Interest is sufficient to give FSB a valid security interest, then the 2009 Security Interest was not perfected because the 2010 UCC-1 Financing Statement should be avoided as a preference under 11 U.S.C. § 547. FSB, of course, alleges that it is not a preference. Under Miss.Code § 75-9-310(a), the filing of a financing statement is required to perfect a security interest in equipment. “The creation of a security interest in property is considered a transfer for purposes of § 547(b) of the Bankruptcy Code. See 11 U.S.C. § 101(54); Superior Bank, FSB v. Boyd (In re Lewis), 398 F.3d 735, 746 (6th Cir.2005).” Moser v. JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (In re Brown), 375 B.R. 348, 351 (Bankr.E.D.Tex. 2007). However, the Court must determine whether it is an avoidable transfer under § 547(b). A concise overview of § 547 is found in the Brown opinion: Section 547(b) of the Bankruptcy Code authorizes the avoidance of a transfer of “an interest of the debtor in property” if five conditions are satisfied and unless one of seven exceptions defined in § 547(c) is applicable. The five characteristics of an avoidable transfer are that it (1) benefit a creditor; (2) be on account of antecedent debt; (3) be made while the debtor was insolvent; (4) be made within 90 days before bankruptcy (or one year if the creditor was an insider at the time of the transfer); and (5) enable the creditor to receive a larger share of the estate than if the transfer had not been made. Section 547(g) expressly states that the debtor has the burden of proving the elements of a preferential transfer under subsection (b), and the creditor ... against whom recover is sought has the burden of proving the non-avoidability of a transfer under subsection (c). Id. Since the 2010 UCC-1 Financing Statement was filed more than 30 days after the 2009 Security Agreement was entered into by the parties, under § 547(e)(2)(B), the transfer occurred at the time of perfection of the 2009 Security Agreement: on March 9, 2010, when the 2010 UCC-1 Financing Statement was filed. The Debtor filed bankruptcy on May 21, 2010. Therefore, there is no dispute that the transfer occurred within 90 days of the date the Debtor filed its petition. In Cage v. Wyo-Ben, Inc. (In re Ramba), 437 F.3d 457 (5th Cir.2006), the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held that in order to be a voidable preference, the transfer must have depleted the bankruptcy estate. In Ramba, a creditor’s security interest fully encumbered the debtor’s assets; that is, the fair market value of the debtor’s collateral was less than the amount owed, therefore the debtor had no equity in the collateral. The Fifth Circuit found that since there was no equity in the collateral, “[the debtor] had no interest in the transferred property other than bare legal title.” Id. at 461. Further, in order for a transfer to be avoidable, “a voidable preference must have depleted the estate.” Id. at 460. Consequently, the Fifth Circuit found that the transfer did not deplete the estate and was not voidable. See 5 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 547.03[2] (15th ed. revised); Wind Power Systems, Inc. v. Cannon Financial Group, Inc. (In re Wind Power Systems, Inc.), 841 F.2d 288, 292 (9th Cir.1988); In re Southmark Corp., 49 F.3d 1111, 1116-17 (6th Cir.1995); Coral Petroleum, Inc. v. Banque Paribas-London, 797 F.2d 1351, 1355 (5th Cir.1986). After discussing the Fifth Circuit’s holding in Ramba, the bankruptcy court in Brown found that the debtor’s refinancing of the original loan amount of his mortgage and the subsequent perfection of the original loan amount of the mortgage did not result in a diminution of the debtor’s estate, and therefore, the refinancing of the mortgage was not a preference under § 547. “[W]hen a debtor exchanges one secured debt for another, the estate is not diminished. See Shapiro v. Homecomings Financial Network, Inc. (In re Davis), 319 B.R. 532, 536 (Bankr.E.D.Mich.2005); Gregory v. Community Credit Co. (In re Biggers), 249 B.R. 873, 877-79 (Bankr. M.D.Tenn.2000).” In re Brown, 375 B.R. at 353. In George v. Guaranty Mortgage Company, Inc. (In re Ljubic), 362 B.R. 914 (Bankr.E.D.Wisc.2007), Shelter Mortgage Company (Shelter) (predecessor in interest to Guaranty Mortgage Company) held two mortgages on the debtor’s property. The debtor refinanced his two Shelter mortgages into one mortgage. Within 90 days of the deed being recorded, the debtor filed bankruptcy. The trustee attempted to set aside the Shelter refinanced mortgage. In finding that the Shelter refinanced mortgage was not a preference, the court held: There was no break in the chain of title, and the same creditor had a security interest before and after the refinance. The concept of a hypothetical bona fide purchaser is not so elastic, or tricky, as to allow the trustee to interrupt the chain of title when the same creditor had no interruption in the amount owed to it and no interruption in its interest shown in the public record. In re Ljubic, 362 B.R. at 921. Likewise, Judge Keith M. Lundin of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Middle District of Tennessee found that the refinancing of a vehicle did not diminish the debtor’s estate, and therefore, was not a voidable preference. “At no time during the preference period could any creditor have prevailed over the interest held by [the creditor]. The pickup was fully encumbered with no value available for the benefit of the estate. The refinancing lien lacked preferential effect for § 547 purposes.” Gregory v. Community Credit Co., (In re Biggers), 249 B.R. 873, 878-79 (Bankr.M.D.Tenn.2000). Applying the holdings of Ramba, Brown, Ljubic and Biggers to the case at bar, the Court finds that the filing of the 2010 UCC-1 Financing Statement in order to perfect the 2009 Security Agreement is not a voidable transfer because it did not result in a diminution or depletion of the Debtor’s estate. In its Complaint, the Debtor admits that “[e]ach series of Prior Debentures was issued under a particular trust indenture, ... was secured by independent collateral (the particular rig financed) and contained varying revenue pledges and payment terms.” The Debtor further states that the “Exchange Offer provided that the four (4) (sic) rigs of 0 & G’s that secured the Prior Debentures (and the revenues thereof) would be combined into a new, consolidated collateral pool as security and payment source for the new debentures.” Id. Therefore, there is no dispute that the five drilling rigs were fully encumbered prior to the parties entering into the 2009 Security Agreement and that “[a]t no time during the preference period could any creditor have prevailed over the interest held by [FSB].” In re Biggers, 249 B.R. at 878. As further evidence that the Debtor’s estate was not diminished or depleted as a result of the 2009 Security Agreement, the combined amount owed on the Prior Debentures totaled $87,485,000.00. The 2009 Debenture was issued in the total amount of $38,565,000.00. Since the amount of the 2009 Debenture was less than what the Debtor owed for all of the Prior Debentures combined, the 2009 Debenture and 2009 Security Agreement did not improve FSB’s position and did not diminish the expectations of the Debtor’s other creditors. Since the Debtor’s estate has not been diminished or depleted, the filing of the 2010 UCC-1 Financing Statement is not a voidable preference. The Debtor cannot meet the requirement of § 547(b)(5) to show that FSB would receive a larger share of the Debtor’s estate as a result of the transfer than it would receive had the transfer not been made. Additionally, the filing of the 2010 UCC-1 Financing Statement is not a voidable preference because it does not meet the standards for a new transfer under § 547(e)(1)(B). Section 547(e)(1)(B) states that for the purposes of § 547, “a transfer of ... property other than real property is perfected when a creditor on a simple contract cannot acquire a judicial lien that is superior to the interest of the transferee.” 11 U.S.C. § 547(e)(1)(B). Therefore, if a transfer does not take value away from or diminish a debtor’s estate, it cannot be a transfer within reach of § 547. As listed above, FSB duly filed Prior UCC-1 Financing Statements after each Prior Debenture was issued. These four Prior UCC-1 Financing Statements perfected FSB’s interest in the Debtor’s five drilling rigs. Pursuant to Miss.Code § 75-9-515(a) a financing statement is effective for a period of five (5) years after the date of filing. Since the four Prior UCC-1 Financing Statements had not been terminated, they were valid and of record at the time the Debtor filed its petition and there was no break in the perfection of FSB’s security interest in the five drilling rigs. The Court will note that no evidence has been presented to show that the Debtor demanded that FSB file UCC-3 termination statements. Some courts have held that the failure of a debtor to demand that the creditor file termination statements may be evidence of the debtor’s intention that the creditor’s security interest in the collateral was to continue. See 68A Am. Jur. 2d Secured Transactions § 399 (2003); Safe Deposit Bank and Trust Co. v. Berman (In re Fernandes Welding & Equipment Service, Inc.), 393 F.2d 401, 403 (1st Cir.1968). “The renewal of a lien or security interest is not a new transfer within the meaning of section 547 if it merely continues an existing interest; it does not diminish the collection of assets to be distributed among the general creditors.” In re Wind Power Systems, 841 F.2d at 292. FSB has been continuously and fully perfected in the five drilling rigs and at no time during the preference period could a creditor have obtained a judicial lien superior to the interest FSB has in the drilling rigs. Consequently, the filing of the 2010 Financing Statement is not a new transfer within the reach of § 547. V. Was the 2009 Debenture a novation of the Prior Debentures? The Supreme Court of Mississippi recently addressed the issue of what constitutes a novation. In Harris v. Griffith Water Well, 26 So.3d 338 (Miss.2010), the court held: The Restatement of Contracts defines novation as a contract that (a) discharges immediately a previous contractual duty or a duty to make compensation; and (b) creates a new contractual duty, and (c) includes as a party one who neither owed the previous duty nor was entitled to its performance. Restatement (First) of Contracts § 424 (1932). Harris, 26 So.3d at 341. “[A] novation may occur where the debt remains the same, but a new debtor is substituted. In such event, the original debtor is acquitted, his obligation is extinguished, and the creditor contends himself with the obligation of the second debtor. The parties must intend novation for novation to be accomplished.” Mississippi Insurance Guaranty Assoc. v. MS Casualty Insurance Co., 947 So.2d 865, 871 (Miss.2006) (citations omitted). In addition, in order for a novation to occur, the creditor must assent, either directly or implied, to the novation. Id. Applying these factors to the case at bar, it is clear that a novation did not occur because the Debtor was never discharged from the previous contractual duty. FSB never filed UCC-3 terminating statements to terminate its perfected interest in the Debtor’s drilling rigs. See United Display & Box, Inc. v. Midlantic Bank (In re United Display & Box, Inc.), 198 B.R. 829, 831 (Bankr.M.D.Fla.1996). In the Exchange Offer, the Debtor states that the five drilling rigs were pledged under the Prior Debentures. The Exchange Offer then expressly states that “[O & G] is proposing a unified structure pursuant to which all five (5) of the rigs shown above (Rigs 3, 14, 22, 28 and 48) and all of the Gross Pledgable Revenues from all of the rigs will be used as collateral and the payment source for the Series 2009 Debentures....” Clearly, there was never a point in time after the Debtor entered into the first debenture or after, the signing of the 2009 Debenture and 2009 Security Agreement that FSB ever released the Debtor from its obligations. In addition, a novation did not occur because the parties to the Prior Debentures and the 2009 Security Agreement never changed. According to the Debtor, FSB desired to obtain additional parties as guarantors on the 2009 Debenture, but FSB failed to obtain their signatures. Indeed, in its Complaint, the Debtor acknowledges that no other entity was a party: “The terms of the 2009 Indenture only apply to O & G, as issuer, and the Defendant Trustee [FSB], not SAJAC or PDC.” Since there is not another party on the Amended and Restated Trust Indenture, the Closing Statement, the Exchange Offer or the 2009 Security Agreement who neither owed FSB for the Prior Debentures nor was entitled to any performance under the Prior Debentures, the Exchange Offer and/or the 2009 Security Agreement did not result in a novation. CONCLUSION In its Complaint, the Debtor alleges that FSB does not have a valid security interest in the Debtor’s five drilling rigs, (1) because the description of the drilling rigs in the 2009 Security Agreement is insufficient under Mississippi Law to allow the security interest to attach to them and (2) because the Description of Collateral Exhibit was not attached to the 2009 Security Agreement until after the Debtor signed it. Even without the Description of Collateral Exhibit being attached, the Court finds that the 2009 Security Agreement, because it specifically lists the five drilling rigs on page one, reasonably identifies the collateral in order to give notice to third parties. Further, the fact that the Description of Collateral Exhibit was attached to the 2009 Security Agreement after it was signed by the Debtor does not invalidate FSB’s security interest. Regardless of the order they are completed, as long as the security agreement satisfies all of the elements under Miss. Code § 75-9-203, the security interest attaches to the collateral. Since there is no dispute that value was given and that the Debtor had rights in the collateral, either the description on page one is a sufficient description to reasonably identify the collateral or the attachment of the Description of Collateral Exhibit after the Debtor signed the 2009 Security Agreement is a sufficient description to reasonably identify the collateral — either way, the three elements of Miss.Code § 75-9-208 were met and the security interest attached to the five drilling rigs. Since the Debtor’s estate has not been diminished or depleted, the filing of the 2010 UCC-1 Financing Statement cannot be set aside as a preference. Finally, the 2009 Debenture was not a novation under Mississippi law since the Debtor was never released of its obligations to FSB and since no new parties were added. The Debtor has not shown the existence of any “disputes over facts that might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law [in order to] properly preclude the entry of summary judgment.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 2510, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). A dispute about a material fact is genuine if a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the non-moving party based on the applicable law in relation to the evidence presented. Id. at 249, 106 S.Ct. 2505. Applying these standards as established by the Supreme Court, the Court finds that there is no dispute as to any material fact and that judgment should be granted in favor of FSB as a matter of law that FSB possesses a valid, properly perfected security interest in the Debtor’s five drilling rigs. In the Complaint FSB originally filed in the United States District Court, FSB sought a judgment against the Debtor for the total amount owed on the 2009 Debenture. In addition, FSB sought the appointment of a special commissioner to conduct a foreclosure sale on the assets of the Debtor, the appointment of a receiver and a judgment for costs and attorney fees. The Court notes that these issues may not be appropriate for adjudication in the above-styled adversary proceeding. It would appear that they are issues which would be more appropriately determined in the main case as contested matters rather than in this adversary proceeding. In any event, the Court makes no findings on these issues. A separate judgment consistent with this opinion will be entered in accordance with Rules 7054 and 9021 of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure. . For a more detailed description of the business operations of O & G and PDC, see Motion for Order Directing Joint Administration of Affiliated Cases Pursuant to Rule 1015(b), Case No. 10-01851 EE, Docket No. 14, May 24, 2010. . One of the debentures in 2006 was issued by PDC, rather than O & G, and was secured by Drilling Rig No. 1 (later changed to No. 22). PDC later transferred ownership of Drilling Rig No. 1 to O & G. Thereafter, all remaining debentures were issued solely by O & G. For purposes of this opinion, and because it makes no difference to the issue presented here, the Court will refer to O & G as the sole issuer of the debentures. .Debentures are used by companies to raise capital without forfeiting control of the company’s ownership. Debentures are debts secured by the company’s earning power. Debentures is used interchangeably with notes and bonds. The terms and conditions agreed to by the company and its debenture holders are legal loan contracts called indentures. The indenture will define the terms of repayment and any other requirements, restrictions, and waivers. See Black’s Law Dictionary 460 & 838 (8th ed. 2009) . Complaint, ¶ 11, p. 4. . In simple terms, an exchange offer is an offer by a company to give one security, like stocks or bonds, in exchange for another security (other stocks or bonds). “For example, a firm may offer a new bond issue in exchange for an older series currently outstanding.” Scott, David, L., Wall Street Words: An A to Z Guide to Investment Terms for Today's Investor. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2003. .Id. 13, p. 4-5. . The 2009 Security Agreement refers to Drilling Rig # 22 twice and does not mention Drilling Rig # 28. None of the parties has raised this discrepancy, which appears to be a scrivener's error. . Plaintiffs’ Response in Opposition to First Security Bank’s Motion for Summary Judgment; Affidavit (of Ben O. Turnage), ¶ 5, p. 2. . First Security Bank as Trustee's Motion for Summary Judgment, Docket No # 34, Exhibit K to Affidavit of Frank Faust (UCC-1), p. 2. . Hereinafter all code sections refer to the United States Bankruptcy Code found at Title 11 of the United States Code unless otherwise noted. .In its Complaint, FSB also requests the appointment of a special commissioner, appointment of a receiver, and costs and attorney fees. The Court notes that the scope of relief FSB requests in its summary judgment motion is narrower than the relief it requests in its Complaint. . If the Court finds that FSB has a valid, properly perfected lien on the Debtor’s five drilling rigs, FSB would have a first lien on all of the drilling rigs except for Drilling Rig # 48. The parties all agree that FSB’s lien on Drilling Rig # 48 is subordinate to the first lien of Washington State Bank. . Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56 is made applicable to bankruptcy proceedings pursuant to Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 7056. . The Notes of Advisory Committee to the 2010 amendments state that the standard for granting a motion for summary judgment has not changed, that is, there must be no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. Further, ”[t]he amendments will not affect continuing development of the decisional law construing and applying these phrases.” . Fed. R. Bankr.P. 7056(c)(1)(A). . Fed. R. Bankr.P. 7056(c)(1)(B). . In Section 111(a) and (b) of this opinion only, all code sections refer to sections of the Mississippi Code unless otherwise noted. . 79 C.J.S. Secured Transactions § 31 (June 2011) (footnotes omitted). . First Security Bank as Trustee’s Motion for Summary Judgment, Docket No # 34, Exhibit F to Affidavit of Frank Faust (Exchange Offer), p. 3 (emphasis added). . First Security Bank as Trustee's Motion for Summary Judgment, Docket No # 34, Exhibit G to Affidavit of Frank Faust (Amended and Restated Trust Indenture), p. 6. . As noted previously, the 2009 Security Agreement appears to contain a typographical error on page one. Instead of listing Drilling Rig # 28, the 2009 Security Agreement lists Drilling Rig # 22 twice. The Court does not find the omission to be a fatal error for several reasons. First, Ben O. Turnage states in his affidavit that over time the Debtor has changed the "number” names of several of the drilling rigs. Second, by listing the same drilling rig twice, the description would even more so "raise a red flag to a third party, so as to indicate that more investigation may be necessary to determine whether an item is subject to a security interest.” 79 C.J.S. Secured Transactions § 45 (June 2011) (footnotes omitted). .79 C.J.S. Secured Transactions § 45 (June 2011) (footnotes omitted) . See footnote 19. . First Security Bank as Trustee’s Motion for Summary Judgment, Docket No # 34, Exhibit I to Affidavit of Frank Faust (Assignment of Drilling Contracts, Lease, Rents, Revenues and Pledge and Security Agreement), p. 1. . Plaintiffs' Response in Opposition to First Security Bank’s Motion for Summary Judgment; Affidavit (of Ben O. Turnage), ¶ 23, p. 5 (emphasis added). . 68A Am. Jur. 2d Secured Transactions § 175 (footnote omitted). .4 White & Summers, Uniform Commercial Code § 31-3, Creation and Perfection of Enforceable Article 9 Interests (6th ed. 2009) (2009 WL 3645561, 11). . In Section IV, all code sections refer to the United States Bankruptcy Code found at Title 11 of the United States Code unless otherwise noted. . The court did find however that the additional money loaned to the debtor for home improvements did constitute a voidable preference. In re Brown, 375 B.R. at 353. . Complaint for (I) Declaratory Judgment to Determine Validity, Priority and Extent of Liens, and (II) Avoidance of Preferential Transfers Under % 547, Adversary No. 10-00054EE, Docket No. 1, ¶¶ 9 & 10, p. 4, June 11, 2010. . The Complaint states four rigs, however, there is no dispute that the Debtor has a total of five rigs pledged to FSB. . First Security Bank as Trustee’s Motion for Summary Judgment, Docket No # 34, Exhibit F to Affidavit of Frank Faust (Exchange Offer), p. 3. . Complaint for (I) Declaratory Judgment to Determine Validity, Priority and Extent of Liens, and (II) Avoidance of Preferential Transfers Under § 547, Adversary No. 10-00054EE, Docket No. 1, ¶ 15, p. 5, June 11, 2010.	CASELAW
node package manager mp4js A modern MP4 parser written completely in JavaScript, making use of typed arrays and the HTML5 File API mp4.js - Javascript MP4 tag parser mp4.js is a JavaScript library for reading and parsing metatags of MP4 files (m4a,m4v,ALAC). mp4.js can parse metadata within a browser or Node environment. It also supports reading from local files (Node-only), same-origin URLs (AJAX) and File instances (HTML5 File API). Compatibility for AJAX/FileReaderAPI and nodejs is taken from [https://github.com/43081j/id3](43081j's ID3.js), implementation details are based upon the magnificent taglib, thanks for that! AJAX <script src="mp4.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> mp4('/audio/track.m4a', function(errtags) { // tags now contains tags }); </script> Here the MP4 is being requested by partial AJAX requests, such that only the metatags are read rather than the file as a whole. Local Files First, install mp4.js using NPM, the Node package manager. npm install mp4js Then use it like so: var mp4 = require('mp4js'); mp4({ file: './track.m4a', type: 'local' }, function(errtags) { // tags now contains your MP4 tags }); Note that here, the type is set to 'local' directly so that mp4.js will attempt to read from the local file-system using fs. This will only work under NodeJS. File API (HTML5) <script src="mp4.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> document.querySelector('input[type="file"]').onchange = function(e) { mp4(this.files[0], function(errtags) { // tags now contains your MP4 tags }); } </script> This will read the data from the File instance using slices, so the entire file is not loaded into memory but rather only the tags. Format Tags are passed as an object of the following format: { "artist": "Song artist", "title": "Song name", "album": "Song album", "year": "2013", "date": "2013-01-10T20:20:10Z", "tracknumber": [2, 18] "track": "2/18" } The artist, title, album and year properties will always exist, though they will default to null. Images On occasion, an MP4 may have an image embedded in the metatag. If this is the case, it will be available through cover. This has a structure like so: FIXME (the API does not pass the MP4 cover through yet, but parsing of covers is ready) { "type": "cover-front", "mime": "image/jpeg", "description": null, "data": ArrayBuffer } As you can see, the data is provided as an ArrayBuffer. To access it, you may use a DataView or typed array such as Uint8Array. License MIT	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
The Golden Dog/Chapter III Chapter III: A Chatelaine of New France The Governor was surprised and delighted to encounter Lady de Tilly and her fair niece, both of whom were well known to and highly esteemed by him. He and the gentlemen of his suite saluted them with profound respect, not unmingled with chivalrous admiration for noble, high-spirited women. "My honored Lady de Tilly and Mademoiselle de Repentigny," said the Governor, hat in hand, "welcome to Quebec. It does not surprise, but it does delight me beyond measure to meet you here at the head of your loyal censitaires. But it is not the first time that the ladies of the House of Tilly have turned out to defend the King's forts against his enemies." This he said in allusion to the gallant defence of a fort on the wild Iroquois frontier by a former lady of her house. "My Lord Count," replied the lady, with quiet dignity, "'tis no special merit of the house of Tilly to be true to its ancient fame-- it could not be otherwise. But your thanks are at this time more due to these loyal habitans, who have so promptly obeyed your proclamation. It is the King's corvee to restore the walls of Quebec, and no Canadian may withhold his hand from it without disgrace." "The Chevalier La Corne St. Luc will think us two poor women a weak accession to the garrison," added she, turning to the Chevalier and cordially offering her hand to the brave old officer, who had been the comrade in arms of her husband and the dearest friend of her family. "Good blood never fails, my Lady," returned the Chevalier, warmly grasping her hand. "You out of place here? No! no! you are at home on the ramparts of Quebec, quite as much as in your own drawing-room at Tilly. The walls of Quebec without a Tilly and a Repentigny would be a bad omen indeed, worse than a year without a spring or a summer without roses. But where is my dear goddaughter Amelie?" As he spoke the old soldier embraced Amelie and kissed her cheek with fatherly effusion. She was a prodigious favorite. "Welcome, Amelie!" said he, "the sight of you is like flowers in June. What a glorious time you have had, growing taller and prettier every day all the time I have been sleeping by camp-fires in the forests of Acadia! But you girls are all alike; why, I hardly knew my own pretty Agathe when I came home. The saucy minx almost kissed my eyes out--to dry the tears of joy in them, she said!" Amelie blushed deeply at the praises bestowed upon her, yet felt glad to know that her godfather retained all his old affection. "Where is Le Gardeur?" asked he, as she took his arm and walked a few paces apart from the throng. Amelie colored deeply, and hesitated a moment. "I do not know, godfather! We have not seen Le Gardeur since our arrival." Then after a nervous silence she added, "I have been told that he is at Beaumanoir, hunting with His Excellency the Intendant." La Corne, seeing her embarrassment, understood the reluctance of her avowal, and sympathized with it. An angry light flashed beneath his shaggy eyelashes, but he suppressed his thoughts. He could not help remarking, however, "With the Intendant at Beaumanoir! I could have wished Le Gardeur in better company! No good can come of his intimacy with Bigot; Amelie, you must wean him from it. He should have been in the city to receive you and the Lady de Tilly." "So he doubtless would have been, had he known of our coming. We sent word, but he was away when our messenger reached the city." Amelie felt half ashamed, for she was conscious that she was offering something unreal to extenuate the fault of her brother-- her hopes rather than her convictions. "Well, well! goddaughter! we shall, at any rate, soon have the pleasure of seeing Le Gardeur. The Intendant himself has been summoned to attend a council of war today. Colonel Philibert left an hour ago for Beaumanoir." Amelie gave a slight start at the name; she looked inquiringly, but did not yet ask the question that trembled on her lips. "Thanks, godfather, for the good news of Le Gardeur's speedy return." Amelie talked on, her thoughts but little accompanying her words as she repeated to herself the name of Philibert. "Have you heard that the Intendant wishes to bestow an important and honorable post in the Palace upon Le Gardeur--my brother wrote to that effect?" "An important and honorable post in the Palace?" The old soldier emphasized the word HONORABLE. "No, I had not heard of it,--never expect to hear of an honorable post in the company of Bigot, Cadet, Varin, De Pean, and the rest of the scoundrels of the Friponne! Pardon me, dear, I do not class Le Gardeur among them, far from it, dear deluded boy! My best hope is that Colonel Philibert will find him and bring him clean and clear out of their clutches." The question that had trembled on her lips came out now. For her life she could not have retained it longer. "Who is Colonel Philibert, godfather?" asked she, surprise, curiosity, and a still deeper interest marking her voice, in spite of all she could do to appear indifferent. "Colonel Philibert?" repeated La Corne. "Why, do not you know? Who but our young Pierre Philibert; you have not forgotten him, surely, Amelie? At any rate he has not forgotten you: in many a long night by our watch-fires in the forest has Colonel Philibert passed the hours talking of Tilly and the dear friends he left there. Your brother at any rate will gratefully remember Philibert when he sees him." Amelie blushed a little as she replied somewhat shyly, "Yes, godfather, I remember Pierre Philibert very well,--with gratitude I remember him,--but I never heard him called Colonel Philibert before." "Oh, true! He has been so long absent. He left a simple ensign en second and returns a colonel, and has the stuff in him to make a field-marshal! He gained his rank where he won his glory--in Acadia. A noble fellow, Amelie! loving as a woman to his friends, but to his foes stern as the old Bourgeois, his father, who placed that tablet of the golden dog upon the front of his house to spite the Cardinal, they say,--the act of a bold man, let what will be the true interpretation of it." "I hear every one speak well of the Bourgeois Philibert," remarked Amelie. "Aunt de Tilly is ever enthusiastic in his commendation. She says he is a true gentleman, although a trader." "Why, he is noble by birth, if that be needed, and has got the King's license to trade in the Colony like some other gentlemen I wot of. He was Count Philibert in Normandy, although he is plain Bourgeois Philibert in Quebec; and a wise man he is too, for with his ships and his comptoirs and his ledgers he has traded himself into being the richest man in New France, while we, with our nobility and our swords, have fought ourselves poor, and receive nothing but contempt from the ungrateful courtiers of Versailles." Their conversation was interrupted by a sudden rush of people, making room for the passage of the Regiment of Bearn, which composed part of the garrison of Quebec, on their march to their morning drill and guard-mounting,--bold, dashing Gascons in blue and white uniforms, tall caps, and long queues rollicking down their supple backs, seldom seen by an enemy. Mounted officers, laced and ruffled, gaily rode in front. Subalterns with spontoons and sergeants with halberds dressed the long line of glistening bayonets. The drums and fifes made the streets ring again, while the men in full chorus, a gorge deployee, chanted the gay refrain of La Belle Canadienne in honor of the lasses of Quebec. The Governor and his suite had already mounted their horses, and cantered off to the Esplanade to witness the review. "Come and dine with us today," said the Lady de Tilly to La Corne St. Luc, as he too bade the ladies a courteous adieu, and got on horseback to ride after the Governor. "Many thanks! but I fear it will be impossible, my Lady: the council of war meets at the Castle this afternoon. The hour may be deferred, however, should Colonel Philibert not chance to find the Intendant at Beaumanoir, and then I might come; but best not expect me." A slight, conscious flush just touched the cheek of Amelie at the mention of Colonel Philibert. "But come if possible, godfather," added she; "we hope to have Le Gardeur home this afternoon. He loves you so much, and I know you have countless things to say to him." Amelie's trembling anxiety about her brother made her most desirous to bring the powerful influence of La Corne St. Luc to bear upon him. Their kind old godfather was regarded with filial reverence by both. Amelie's father, dying on the battle-field, had, with his latest breath, commended the care of his children to the love and friendship of La Corne St. Luc. "Well, Amelie, blessed are they who do not promise and still perform. I must try and meet my dear boy, so do not quite place me among the impossibles. Good-by, my Lady. Good-by, Amelie." The old soldier gaily kissed his hand and rode away. Amelie was thoroughly surprised and agitated out of all composure by the news of the return of Pierre Philibert. She turned aside from the busy throng that surrounded her, leaving her aunt engaged in eager conversation with the Bishop and Father de Berey. She sat down in a quiet embrasure of the wall, and with one hand resting her drooping cheek, a train of reminiscences flew across her mind like a flight of pure doves suddenly startled out of a thicket. She remembered vividly Pierre Philibert, the friend and fellow- student of her brother: he spent so many of his holidays at the old Manor-House of Tilly, when she, a still younger girl, shared their sports, wove chaplets of flowers for them, or on her shaggy pony rode with them on many a scamper through the wild woods of the Seigniory. Those summer and winter vacations of the old Seminary of Quebec used to be looked forward to by the young, lively girl as the brightest spots in the whole year, and she grew hardly to distinguish the affection she bore her brother from the regard in which she held Pierre Philibert. A startling incident happened one day, that filled the inmates of the Manor House with terror, followed by a great joy, and which raised Pierre Philibert to the rank of an unparalleled hero in the imagination of the young girl. Her brother was gambolling carelessly in a canoe, while she and Pierre sat on the bank watching him. The light craft suddenly upset. Le Gardeur struggled for a few moments, and sank under the blue waves that look so beautiful and are so cruel. Amelie shrieked in the wildest terror and in helpless agony, while Philibert rushed without hesitation into the water, swam out to the spot, and dived with the agility of a beaver. He presently reappeared, bearing the inanimate body of her brother to the shore. Help was soon obtained, and, after long efforts to restore Le Gardeur to consciousness,--efforts which seemed to last an age to the despairing girl,--they at last succeeded, and Le Gardeur was restored to the arms of his family. Amelie, in a delirium of joy and gratitude, ran to Philibert, threw her arms round him, and kissed him again and again, pledging her eternal gratitude to the preserver of her brother, and vowing that she would pray for him to her life's end. Soon after that memorable event in her young life, Pierre Philibert was sent to the great military schools in France to study the art of war with a view to entering the King's service, while Amelie was placed in the Convent of the Ursulines to be perfected in all the knowledge and accomplishments of a lady of highest rank in the Colony. Despite the cold shade of a cloister, where the idea of a lover is forbidden to enter, the image of Pierre Philibert did intrude, and became inseparable from the recollection of her brother in the mind of Amelie. He mingled as the fairy prince in the day-dreams and bright imaginings of the young, poetic girl. She had vowed to pray for him to her life's end, and in pursuance of her vow added a golden bead to her chaplet to remind her of her duty in praying for the safety and happiness of Pierre Philibert. But in the quiet life of the cloister, Amelie heard little of the storms of war upon the frontier and down in the far valleys of Acadia. She had not followed the career of Pierre from the military school to the camp and the battlefield, nor knew of his rapid promotion, as one of the ablest officers in the King's service, to a high command in his native Colony. Her surprise, therefore, was extreme when she learned that the boy companion of her brother and herself was no other than the renowned Colonel Philibert, Aide-de-Camp of His Excellency the Governor- General. There was no cause for shame in it; but her heart was suddenly illuminated by a flash of introspection. She became painfully conscious how much Pierre Philibert had occupied her thoughts for years, and now all at once she knew he was a man, and a great and noble one. She was thoroughly perplexed and half angry. She questioned herself sharply, as if running thorns into her flesh, to inquire whether she had failed in the least point of maidenly modesty and reserve in thinking so much of him; and the more she questioned herself, the more agitated she grew under her self- accusation: her temples throbbed violently; she hardly dared lift her eyes from the ground lest some one, even a stranger, she thought, might see her confusion and read its cause. "Sancta Maria," she murmured, pressing her bosom with both hands, "calm my soul with thy divine peace, for I know not what to do!" So she sat alone in the embrasure, living a life of emotion in a few minutes; nor did she find any calm for her agitated spirits until the thought flashed upon her that she was distressing herself needlessly. It was most improbable that Colonel Philibert, after years of absence and active life in the world's great affairs, could retain any recollection of the schoolgirl of the Manor House of Tilly. She might meet him, nay, was certain to do so in the society in which both moved; but it would surely be as a stranger on his part, and she must make it so on her own. With this empty piece of casuistry, Amelie, like others of her sex, placed a hand of steel, encased in a silken glove, upon her heart, and tyrannically suppressed its yearnings. She was a victim, with the outward show of conquest over her feelings. In the consciousness of Philibert's imagined indifference and utter forgetfulness, she could meet him now, she thought, with equanimity--nay, rather wished to do so, to make sure that she had not been guilty of weakness in regard to him. She looked up, but was glad to see her aunt still engaged in conversation with the Bishop on a topic which Amelie knew was dear to them both,--the care of the souls and bodies of the poor, in particular those for whom the Lady de Tilly felt herself responsible to God and the King. While Amelie sat thinking over the strange chances of the morning, a sudden whirl of wheels drew her attention. A gay caleche, drawn by two spirited horses en fleche, dashed through the gateway of St. John, and wheeling swiftly towards Amelie, suddenly halted. A young lady attired in the gayest fashion of the period, throwing the reins to the groom, sprang out of the caleche with the ease and elasticity of an antelope. She ran up the rampart to Amelie with a glad cry of recognition, repeating her name in a clear, musical voice, which Amelie at once knew belonged to no other than the gay, beautiful Angelique des Meloises. The newcomer embraced Amelie and kissed her, with warmest expressions of joy at meeting her thus unexpectedly in the city. She had learned that Lady de Tilly had returned to Quebec, she said, and she had, therefore, taken the earliest opportunity to find out her dear friend and school-fellow to tell her all the doings in the city. "It is kind of you, Angelique," replied Amelie, returning her caress warmly, but without effusion. "We have simply come with our people to assist in the King's corvee; when that is done, we shall return to Tilly. I felt sure I should meet you, and thought I should know you again easily, which I hardly do. How you are changed--for the better, I should say, since you left off conventual cap and costume!" Amelie could not but look admiringly on the beauty of the radiant girl. "How handsome you have grown! but you were always that. We both took the crown of honor together, but you would alone take the crown of beauty, Angelique." Amelie stood off a pace or two, and looked at her friend from head to foot with honest admiration, "and would deserve to wear it too," added she. "I like to hear you say that, Amelie; I should prefer the crown of beauty to all other crowns! You half smile at that, but I must tell the truth, if you do. But you were always a truth-teller, you know, in the convent, and I was not so! Let us cease flatteries." Angelique felt highly flattered by the praise of Amelie, whom she had sometimes condescended to envy for her graceful figure and lovely, expressive features. "Gentlemen often speak as you do, Amelie," continued she, "but, pshaw! they cannot judge as girls do, you know. But do you really think me beautiful? and how beautiful? Compare me to some one we know." "I can only compare you to yourself, Angelique. You are more beautiful than any one I know," Amelie burst out in frank enthusiasm. "But, really and truly, do you think me beautiful, not only in your eyes, but in the judgment of the world?" Angelique brushed back her glorious hair and stared fixedly in the face of her friend, as if seeking confirmation of something in her own thoughts. "What a strange question, Angelique! Why do you ask me in that way?" "Because," replied she with bitterness, "I begin to doubt it. I have been praised for my good looks until I grow weary of the iteration; but I believed the lying flattery once,--as what woman would not, when it is repeated every day of her life?" Amelie looked sufficiently puzzled. "What has come over you, Angelique? Why should you doubt your own charms? or really, have you found at last a case in which they fail you?" Very unlikely, a man would say at first, second, or third sight of Angelique des Meloises. She was indeed a fair girl to look upon,-- tall, and fashioned in nature's most voluptuous mould, perfect in the symmetry of every part, with an ease and beauty of movement not suggestive of spiritual graces, like Amelie's, but of terrestrial witcheries, like those great women of old who drew down the very gods from Olympus, and who in all ages have incited men to the noblest deeds, or tempted them to the greatest crimes. She was beautiful of that rare type of beauty which is only reproduced once or twice in a century to realize the dreams of a Titian or a Giorgione. Her complexion was clear and radiant, as of a descendant of the Sun God. Her bright hair, if its golden ripples were shaken out, would reach to her knees. Her face was worthy of immortality by the pencil of a Titian. Her dark eyes drew with a magnetism which attracted men, in spite of themselves, whithersoever she would lead them. They were never so dangerous as when, in apparent repose, they sheathed their fascination for a moment, and suddenly shot a backward glance, like a Parthian arrow, from under their long eyelashes, that left a wound to be sighed over for many a day. The spoiled and petted child of the brave, careless Renaud d'Avesne des Meloises, of an ancient family in the Nivernois, Angelique grew up a motherless girl, clever above most of her companions, conscious of superior charms, always admired and flattered, and, since she left the Convent, worshipped as the idol of the gay gallants of the city, and the despair and envy of her own sex. She was a born sovereign of men, and she felt it. It was her divine right to be preferred. She trod the earth with dainty feet, and a step aspiring as that of the fair Louise de La Valliere when she danced in the royal ballet in the forest of Fontainebleau and stole a king's heart by the flashes of her pretty feet. Angelique had been indulged by her father in every caprice, and in the gay world inhaled the incense of adulation until she regarded it as her right, and resented passionately when it was withheld. She was not by nature bad, although vain, selfish, and aspiring. Her footstool was the hearts of men, and upon it she set hard her beautiful feet, indifferent to the anguish caused by her capricious tyranny. She was cold and calculating under the warm passions of a voluptuous nature. Although many might believe they had won the favor, none felt sure they had gained the love of this fair, capricious girl.	WIKI
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Page:EB1911 - Volume 04.djvu/1019 distinction between the movable and immovable feasts. So early as the 2nd century of our era, great disputes had arisen among the Christians respecting the proper time of celebrating Easter, which governs all the other movable feasts. The Jews celebrated their passover on the 14th day of the first month, that is to say, the lunar month of which the fourteenth day either falls on, or next follows, the day of the vernal equinox. Most Christian sects agreed that Easter should be celebrated on a Sunday. Others followed the example of the Jews, and adhered to the 14th of the moon; but these, as usually happened to the minority, were accounted heretics, and received the appellation of Quartodecimans. In order to terminate dissensions, which produced both scandal and schism in the church, the council of Nicaea, which was held in the year 325, ordained that the celebration of Easter should thenceforth always take place on the Sunday which immediately follows the full moon that happens upon, or next after, the day of the vernal equinox. Should the 14th of the moon, which is regarded as the day of full moon, happen on a Sunday, the celebration Of Easter was deferred to the Sunday following, in order to avoid concurrence with the Jews and the above-mentioned heretics. The observance of this rule renders it necessary to reconcile three periods which have no common measure, namely, the week, the lunar month, and the solar year; and as this can only be done approximately, and within certain limits, the determination of Easter is an affair of considerable nicety and complication. It is to be regretted that the reverend fathers who formed the council of Nicaea did not abandon the moon altogether, and appoint the first or second Sunday of April for the celebration of the Easter festival. The ecclesiastical calendar would in that case have possessed all the simplicity and uniformity of the civil calendar, which only requires the adjustment of the civil to the solar year; but they were probably not sufficiently versed in astronomy to be aware of the practical difficulties which their regulation had to encounter. Dominical Letter.—The first problem which the construction of the calendar presents is to connect the week with the year, or to find the day of the week corresponding to a given day of any year of the era. As the number of days in the week and the number in the year are prime to one another, two successive years cannot begin with the same day; for if a common year begins, for example, with Sunday, the following year will begin with Monday, and if a leap year begins with Sunday, the year following will begin with Tuesday. For the sake of greater generality, the days of the week are denoted by the first seven letters of the alphabet, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, which are placed in the calendar beside the days of the year, so that A stands opposite the first day of January, B opposite the second, and so on to G, which stands opposite the seventh; after which A returns to the eighth, and so on through the 365 days of the year. Now if one of the days of the week, Sunday for example, is represented by E, Monday will be represented by F, Tuesday by G, Wednesday by A, and so on; and every Sunday through the year will have the same character E, every Monday F, and so with regard to the rest. The letter which denotes Sunday is called the Dominical Letter, or the Sunday Letter; and when the dominical letter of the year is known, the letters which respectively correspond to the other days of the week become known at the same time. Solar Cycle.—In the Julian calendar the dominical letters are readily found by means of a short cycle, in which they recut in the same order without interruption. The number of years in the intercalary period being four, and the days of the week being seven, their product is 4 × 7 = 28; twenty-eight years is therefore a period which includes all the possible combinations of the days of the week with the commencement of the year. This period is called the Solar Cycle, or the Cycle of the Sun, and restores the first day of the year to the same day of the week. At the end of the cycle the dominical letters return again in the same order on the same days of the month; hence a table of dominical letters, constructed for twenty-eight years, will serve to show the dominical letter of any given year from the commencement of the era to the Reformation. The cycle, though probably not invented before the time of the council of Nicaea, is regarded as having commenced nine years before the era, so that the year one was the tenth of the solar cycle. To find the year of the cycle, we have therefore the following rule:—Add nine to the date, divide the sum by twenty-eight; the quotient is the number of cycles elapsed, and the remainder is the year of the cycle. Should there be no remainder, the proposed year is the twenty-eighth or last of the cycle. This rule is conveniently expressed by the formula $x + 9⁄28$r, in which x denotes the date, and the symbol r denotes that the remainder, which arises from the division of x + 9 by 28, is the number required. Thus, for 1840, we have $1840 + 9⁄28$ = 66; therefore $1840 + 9⁄28$r = 1, and the year 1840 is the first of the solar cycle. In order to make use of the solar cycle in finding the dominical letter, it is necessary to know that the first year of the Christian era began with Saturday. The dominical letter of that year, which was the tenth of the cycle, was consequently B. The following year, or the 11th of the cycle, the letter was A; then G. The fourth year was bissextile, and the dominical letters were F, E; the following year D, and so on. In this manner it is easy to find the dominical letter belonging to each of the twenty-eight years of the cycle. But at the end of a century the order is interrupted in the Gregorian calendar by the secular suppression of the leap year; hence the cycle can only be employed during a century. In the reformed calendar the intercalary period is four hundred years, which number being multiplied by seven, gives two thousand eight hundred years as the interval in which the coincidence is restored between the days of the year and the days of the week. This long period, however, may be reduced to four hundred years; for since the dominical letter goes back five places every four years, its variation in four hundred years, in the Julian calendar, was five hundred places, which is equivalent to only three places (for five hundred divided by seven leaves three); but the Gregorian calendar suppresses exactly three intercalations in four hundred years, so that after four hundred years the dominical letters must again return in the same order. Hence the following table of dominical letters for four hundred years will serve to show the dominical letter of any year in the Gregorian calendar for ever. It contains four columns of letters, each column serving for a century. In order to find the column from which the letter in any given case is to be taken, strike off the last two figures of the date, divide the preceding figures by four, and the remainder will indicate the column. The symbol X, employed in the formula at the top of the column, denotes the number of centuries, that is, the figures remaining after the last two have been struck off. For example, required the dominical letter of the year 1839? In this case X = 18, therefore $X⁄4$r = 2; and in the second column of letters, opposite 39, in the table we find F, which is the letter of the proposed year. It deserves to be remarked, that as the dominical letter of the first year of the era was B, the first column of the following table will give the dominical letter of every year from the commencement of the era to the Reformation. For this purpose divide the date by 28, and the letter opposite the remainder, in the first column of figures, is the dominical letter of the year. For example, supposing the date to be 1148. On dividing by 28, the remainder is 0, or 28; and opposite 28, in the first column of letters, we find D, C, the dominical letters of the year 1148. Lunar Cycle and Golden Number.—In connecting the lunar month with the solar year, the framers of the ecclesiastical calendar adopted the period of Meton, or lunar cycle, which they supposed to be exact. A different arrangement has, however, been followed with respect to the distribution of the months. The lunations are supposed to consist of twenty-nine and thirty days alternately, or the lunar year of 354 days; and in order to make up nineteen solar years, six embolismic or intercalary months, of thirty days each, are introduced in the course of the cycle, and one of twenty-nine days is added at the	WIKI
Talk:puppis So is it the front or the back of the ship? Can it be both? On the poppyhead page, Wikipedia claims that L puppis refers to the stern or the figurehead of a ship. The stern is in back, but the figurehead is in the front of the ship. Did the Latin word have both meanings? Perhaps a semantic shift over time? Or maybe even both at once? We don't list the figurehead meaning at all. — Soap — 07:32, 7 May 2023 (UTC)	WIKI
Avoid cabin fever: look after your psychological health Being stuck in isolation due to the coronavirus can be a real drain on your psychological health. But you can work through it. Your psychological health reflects how you feel, think, behave and relate to others. All of these areas are being affected by current global events and the need to physically distance ourselves. Research shows maintaining your psychological health can help protect you from experiencing a significant mental illness, such as depression or anxiety. So, with most of us self isolating due to the coronavrius pandemic how do you look after your psychological health in the coming months? We spoke to our research scientist and registered psychologist Ian Zajac about this very topic. Here’s what he had to say. Where should I start? As a psychologist, I often ask my clients two simple questions. Of course, this is a starting point for a more thorough assessment. But these are simple questions we should all be asking ourselves every day as we navigate the next few months. 1. Overall, how would you rate your mood today on a scale from 0 (worst mood ever) to 10 (best mood ever)? 2. If you could do one thing today to move your score upwards, towards the number 10, what would that be? Keep your body moving Many people’s answer to question two involves some sort of body movement. This makes perfect sense. Keeping yourself active stimulates the production of neurochemicals. These are the body’s natural feel-good hormones. If you’re following the government’s advice and spending more time at home, you’re probably sitting down more than ever. There is a direct link between long periods of sitting and a decrease in physical and psychological health. The longer you spend stationary, the more your mood will decline, you’ll start to feel flat, and you’ll lose your motivation. But there is some good news! When it comes to moving your body, you don’t need to think about ‘exercise’. Any sort of body movement is good for you and your brain. So, be creative when it comes to keeping yourself active and try to do something different every day. Here’s a list to get you thinking: • a gentle stroll around the block • spend 30-minutes gardening • dance to your favourite tunes during a lunch break • spend some time working in a standing position (if possible) • do some of those cleaning chores (think vacuuming, making the bed, washing the dishes or cleaning the windows) Stay connected Another typical response to question two involves some sort of social connection. Feeling lonely and isolated is strongly linked with poor psychological health. Connecting with others makes us feel heard and validated. In fact, social connection is one of our fundamental human needs. So, it’s something we need to actively support. The distancing measures we’re all taking can make this more difficult. But there are a range of ways to foster connection, such as: • virtual coffee breaks with colleagues • shared meals with family and friends using Skype or FaceTime • virtual group chats (think meme of the week) • play a board game with household member • do any of the physical activities listed above with your child, partner or another housemate Remember – it’s ok not to be ok Australia is facing tough times, and we need to look out for our own and other people’s psychological health. If you need more support, talk with your GP, psychologist or one of the various telephone support lines available such as Beyond Blue or Lifeline. Be kind to yourself, remember if you don’t take care of yourself then you can’t care for others. Take care and stay home, the HCG Team. Source: CSIRO	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Talk:Asteroids (video game)/GA1 GA Review The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.'' Reviewer: Indrian (talk · contribs) 01:14, 9 January 2014 (UTC) I'll do a thorough review over the next couple of days. Indrian (talk) 01:14, 9 January 2014 (UTC) I'm lucky that Asteroids (video game) started receiving a GA review from you shortly after I nominated it for GA. I did the process of improving this article because I like Atari a lot, and the Asteroids game has a legacy of ports, influences, elc. How do like Asteroids, and why you like it? \|>(@"<) (talk) 01:30, 9 January 2014 (UTC) Lead Overall, the lead covers all the salient points of the article. If you want to bring this to FAC it will probably need to be expanded, but for GA its fine. Just a few small points. * The lead never actually identifies Asteroids as a video game. * You refer to "Logg's meeting with Rains" as if this is a significant event already mentioned previously in the lead, but it is not. Should probably be changed to "a meeting between Logg and Rains" or something similar. * The lead should briefly summarize the inspirations for the game and the development process for comprehensiveness. * The last sentence should be split in two, as the success of the game and the ports are two separate topics. Lead section done. \|>(@"<) (talk) 23:14, 9 January 2014 (UTC) Gameplay Overall this section is excellent and is nearly FAC-worthy. Just a few small points again, mostly grammar. * "Triangular-shaped" is redundant; "triangular" is fine. * "the "big saucer" shoots randomly like cannon fodder." - The term cannon fodder refers to combatants considered expendable, which really has nothing to do with shooting accuracy. This should be changed. * "Smaller asteroids also score higher points" - This makes it sound like the asteroids are the ones accumulating points. Should read "Smaller asteroids are also worth more points. * "After reaching a certain score, only the small saucer appears" - What score is that? * "As the high score increases its angle range narrows" - As written, "its" refers to the small saucer, but I think you mean to refer to the shots from the saucer. This needs to be reworded. * You mention that the game gets harder and faster each time the player clears the screen. Is there a point where the player reaches a maximum difficulty level and it no longer increases? * When discussing bugs, you mention in passing that the player can gain extra lives, but the method of doing so is not discussed. * Similar to the above, you do not mention how many starting lives the player gets for his quarter. Done! \|>(@"<) (talk) 01:29, 10 January 2014 (UTC) Development and design This is the most problematic section, as it contains a few factual errors and more lapses in grammar and organization than the other sections. I do not think it will take to much effort to straighten it out though. * "Asteroids was conceived by Lyle Rains and programmed and designed by Ed Logg" - This is only partially true. According to the sources already cited in the article, Rains conceived of the game, and Logg programmed it, but the design was a collaborative effort. * "the latter whose first work with Atari, Inc. was 1978's Super Breakout" - This is not true and is not actually what the source says. The source says that "Super Breakout was the first game that Logg worked on that went into production." The first game he actually worked on was called Dirt Bike, but it was never released. * Also, its okay to give a little historical background on Logg, but if you do, it should be its own sentence(s) rather than tacked on to another thought like it is now. * "engineer Howard Delman contributed to the hardware it used" - You don't need "it used" at the end of that sentence. Also, according to Retro Gamer, Delman also designed the sound for the game. * "In a meeting with Rains in April 1979, Rains spoke of a multiplayer video game in development for the Atari Cosmos, a tabletop video game console cancelled in 1981 which used holograms to produce 3D images." - This is incorrect and is an error that has crept into several sources due to confusion over similar names. As detailed in the Retro Gamer article and a few other places, Asteroids was based on an arcade game that went by the names Planet Grab and Cosmos at various stages of development. This game was never released. The Cosmos tabletop game was a completely different project. This should be changed and can be cited to the Retro Gamer article already being used. * "A full-color version known as "Color-QuadraScan" was later developed for games such as Space Duel and Tempest." - This is certainly true, but it is not relevant to the topic of this article. * "It was given to Delman, who used it as part of Lunar Lander's circuit board" - This is mostly true, but not quite. Delman actually had to finish the design that came out of Cyan. He did not just incorporate a finished technology into an arcade board. * "The original Asteroids prototype board is part of Delman's personal collection." - Again, this is true, but not relevant to the design of the game. * "Logg programmed a ship into the monitor" - This is poor grammar. The ship was not programmed into the monitor, it was programmed into the hardware and rendered on the monitor. * The entire fourth paragraph is problematic, as there is no real flow to the ideas. It should be rewritten in such as way that the different aspects of the design transition into each other better. The info is fine; its just the writing that needs work. * "The two saucers were formulated different from each other; the "big saucer" shoots randomly like cannon fodder, while the "small saucer" emphasizes firing at the ship." - Not only is the grammar poor (should read formulated to be different from each other, for example), but it largely repeats information already present in the gameplay section. * "Logg was asked for the time he leaves and when employees play it" - Grammatically, this makes no sense. I think you are going for something like "Logg was often asked when he would be leaving by employees eager to play the prototype." * "Logg and other Atari engineers observed proceedings and comments were written down in four pages." - "were written" is passive voice. Should be active. * "Atari went to Sacramento, California for testing" - I know this refers to location testing, which was the common practice of arcade companies setting up a prototype in a local arcade to measure coin drop and gauge the potential success of the product. The layman will not know what this means though, so it needs to be explained. This section may need more rewrites for organization after these changes are made, but I will wait to see how these changes are implemented before commenting further. Done! \|>(@"<) (talk) 01:29, 10 January 2014 (UTC) Reception and legacy This section is in much better shape than the above, but there are a few issues requiring attention. * "Atari earned an estimated $150 million dollars in sales and a further $500 million in revenue from the game" - This is true to the source, but it is not accurate. The source makes clear that the "further $500 million" represents money earned in the arcades from coin drop. Atari, as the manufacturer of the game, does not collect that money, which goes to the actual operators of the game. Therefore, this needs to be changed. * "Tod Frye, an [sic] programmer tasked to work on the port, discovered that he could not make a faithful version of the game within the 4 KB limit addressed by the 2600, so he used bank switching" - I am not sure when and where the idea that Tod Frye had anything to do with Asteroids and bank switching first originated, but it is not true. See this interview with the actual programmer of 2600 Asteroids, Brad Stewart, for the real story. Done! \|>(@"<) (talk) 01:29, 10 January 2014 (UTC) Images None of the images are free, but they all have appropriate copyright tags and fair use rationale. All images are relevant. It might be nice if the captions were a little more robust. * I expanded the captions. \|>(@"<) (talk) 01:28, 10 January 2014 (UTC) And that's it. I know there is a lot of text up there, but most of it amounts to minor cleanup. With a little hard work, I believe this article will have no trouble achieving GA status. Therefore, I am putting this nomination on hold so the nominator can address my concerns. Indrian (talk) 20:19, 9 January 2014 (UTC) * That was a quick turnaround: I am impressed. I will have to give a thorough reading of the article again to see how the changes look and catch anything else I missed (I have already noticed one or two things I should have brought up in the initial review, for example), but we are getting close to done here. I may not get the next round of comments up until tomorrow. Thank you for your efforts on the article. Indrian (talk) 01:33, 10 January 2014 (UTC) * You're welcome, Indrian! \|>(@"<) (talk) 01:39, 10 January 2014 (UTC) * See this: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asteroids_%28video_game%29&diff=590010544&oldid=590009388 \|>(@"<) (talk) 02:25, 10 January 2014 (UTC) Round 2 I took the liberty of making a few copyedits of my own to improve grammar and flow, which satisfies most of my remaining concerns. There are still a few little things left to take care of, which I will highlight below. * "The first game with Logg's involvement, Dirt Bike, remains unreleased, and his first game to be produced was Super Breakout." - As I stated before, there is nothing wrong with including a little background on the designers in the article, but the way it is now is just not working. The info comes out of nowhere and breaks up the flow of the paragraph. This should be improved or removed. You could always try to work it back in before bringing the article to FAC. * Improved. \|>(@"<) (talk) 23:30, 10 January 2014 (UTC) * "Atari's first such game was Lunar Lander" - This info is repeated further in the section, and in my opinion it works better there. I would take this line out. * "connected to a monitor and containing a size of 4×4 inches, five buttons, 13 sound effects, and additional RAM" - "containing a size of 4×4 inches" makes no sense grammatically, and I am not exactly sure what you are trying to convey, which is why I did not clean it up myself. * "He had a ship programmed into the hardware and rendered by the monitor, but saw no design document" - Again, this makes no sense, and I was not exactly sure what was going on. I think you are trying to convey that Logg did not work off a design document but instead refined the gameplay by playing around with the ship and adjusting the physics model based on trial and error. Whether that is correct or not, this needs to be changed to make the information clear. * "Atari went to Sacramento, California for testing, setting up prototypes of the game in local arcades to measure its potential success. A group of old players familiar with Spacewar! struggled to maintain grip on the thrust button and requested a joystick, whereas younger players accustomed to Space Invaders noted they get no break in the game. Logg and other Atari engineers observed proceedings and documented comments in four pages." - So this is actually referring to two different events. Atari did do location testing in Sacramento as the article states, but the observations of veteran players and young players were done during focus group sessions at Atari itself, not during the Sacramento location test. * So a couple of general observations on the reception section. First, all you have right now is retrospective criticism, that is reviews of the game penned years after the fact. There is nothing wrong with this at all for GA, but if you want to take this article to FAC, it would be best if you could dig up some reviews from the early 1980s. You don't need to find that right away, as I will pass it to GA without that info. * Second, the phrase "Asteroids received overwhelming praise from video game critics" is misleading because you do not have any reviews from the time and you have no source specifically backing up the claim that praise was overwhelming. It might be best to tone this down a bit. * Finally, you mention that Cassidy praises the game for introducing the high score table with initials. This is true to the source since Cassidy does make this claim, but in fact Star Fire from Exidy beat Asteroids to market by a few months, making it the actual first game with such a table. * Added "one of" before "the first". \|>(@"<) (talk) 22:57, 10 January 2014 (UTC) I believe once the above concerns are addressed this article will be good to go. Indrian (talk) 16:30, 10 January 2014 (UTC) * Done! \|>(@"<) (talk) 23:32, 10 January 2014 (UTC) * Did one final round of copy editing to tidy things up a bit more, and I am now satisfied that this article meets the GA criteria. I have therefore promoted it. Well done! Indrian (talk) 20:57, 11 January 2014 (UTC) * Thanks, Indrian! \|>(@"<) (talk) 20:58, 11 January 2014 (UTC)	WIKI
Skip to end of metadata Go to start of metadata Symptoms When exporting files from one SoftNAS NFS server instance to another, you are in effect creating NFSv3 during the export. In order to add NFSv4, several additional steps need to be performed. Purpose The following process will migrate your NFS enabled volumes and pools over to a new instance, and create NFSv3 on the instance in the process. You will then integrate NFSv4 on your new instance. Resolution 1. Log in to your new (target) SoftNAS instance using your current credentials. 2. In the Storage Administration pane, expand Settings, and select General System Settings. General System Settings 3. This will bring you to the Webmin Panel. In the Webmin Panel, select Servers, then OpenSSH, and select Authentication. 4. Select Yes for the option Allow Password Authentication. 5. SSH into the source SoftNAS instance. Run the following command. sudo scp /etc/exports softnas@newSoftNASip:~ This will copy your NFS export settings to the new instance. 6. Enter your softnas Password. All commands should be run as root. Note: The default password for AWS is the instance id ('i-xxxxxxxx'). For VMware, the default is 'Pass4W0rd' (note the zero). 7. SSH into the new SoftNAS instance via its IP address. Run the following commands: sudo cp ./exports /etc/exports sudo <text editor> /etc/exports /exports (ro,fsid=0) Note: The '' above can be changed to the IP of each server for more security. Add a line for each IP in place of '*'. Note: For each /<pool>/<vol> entry, copy the line and append '/exports'. 8. Next, run the following commands: sudo <text editor> /etc/fstab <pool>/<vol> /exports/<pool>/<vol> bind bind 0 0 Note: For each /exports/<pool>/<vol> in the /etc/exports, add a line like the above. 9. Add the correct directories: sudo mkdir -p /exports/<pool>/<vol> Note: For each NFSv4 export used in the above steps, add a directory using the above command. 10. Still for the new (or target) SoftNAS instance, run the following commands: sudo mount -av sudo service nfsd restart This will allow for both NFSv3 and NFSv4 on the target node, and the migrated data. 11. On the client, then run: mount -o nfsvers=X where X equals the needed version. Alternatively, in the /etc/fstab options for NFS, run the command: mount add 'vers=X' where vers equals the needed version.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Technology Literature An effective way to extend the working life of the transformer The long-term normal operation of the transformer under rated voltage and rated load is called the service life of the transformer. The materials for manufacturing transformers are metal materials and insulating materials. Metal materials are generally resistant to higher temperatures without damage, but insulating materials can quickly age and damage after the temperature exceeds a certain value, so temperature is one of the main factors affecting the service life of the transformer. The life of a transformer can be said to be the life of an insulating material in a certain sense. Insulating materials, under the action of electric field and high temperature for a long time, gradually lose the original mechanical properties and insulation properties, called aging. The rate of aging depends mainly on the following factors: 1. The temperature at which the insulation is placed. 2. Moisture content of insulating materials. 3. For oil-immersed transformers, also consider the dissolved oxygen in the oil. The above three factors determine the service life of the transformer. Practice and research have shown that if the winding can maintain a temperature of 95 ° C continuously, it can guarantee a 20-year service life for the transformer. According to the relationship between temperature and life, an 8 °C rule can be drawn: based on the life at the above temperature, the service life of the transformer is shortened by 1/2 for every 8 °C increase in winding temperature. Most of China's power transformers use oil-paper insulation, that is, Class A insulation. For Class A insulated transformers, the normal operating temperature of the transformer winding is 105 °C when the ambient air temperature is 40 °C during normal operation. Practice and research have shown that if the winding can maintain a continuous temperature of 95 ° C, the transformer can have a 20-year service life. According to relevant information and practice: When the transformer insulation working temperature is 95 °C, the transformer service life is 20 years. The transformer insulation working temperature is 105 ° C, and the transformer service life is 7 years. When the transformer insulation working temperature is 120 °C, the transformer service life is 2 years. The insulation temperature inside the transformer is mainly related to the magnitude of the load current under the premise that the voltage is basically constant, that is, the load current is large, the insulation temperature is high, and the load current is small, and the insulation temperature is low. When the transformer is overloaded during operation or running at rated load in summer, the internal insulation is operated at high temperature, and the life loss of the transformer will be accelerated. If the transformer is under light load or in winter with rated load operation, its internal insulation operates at low temperatures and the transformer life loss can be slowed down. Therefore, in order to make the transformer load capacity fully utilized throughout the year without affecting the normal service life of the transformer, the monthly load can be adjusted appropriately. JYR 20W DC temperature rising winding resistance tester, let you know your transformer more accurately.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Relation Configuration Last modified 15 Nov 2021 14:24 +01:00 Since 3.9 This functionality is available since version 3.9. Relation is an important mechanism that is used at many places in midPoint. But perhaps the most important usage is to enable advanced features of RBAC and organizational structure management. Older midPoint versions had hardcoded set of relations that could not be customized. MidPoint version 3.9 introduced partial configuration of relations. Now it is possible to add new relation that will be used by midPoint in addition to hardcoded relations. The relations are configured in system configuration object: <systemConfiguration oid="00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001" xmlns="http://midpoint.evolveum.com/xml/ns/public/common/common-3" xmlns:org="http://midpoint.evolveum.com/xml/ns/public/common/org-3" xmlns:piracy="http://midpoint.evolveum.com/xml/ns/samples/piracy"> ... <roleManagement> <relations> <relation> <ref>piracy:captain</ref> <description>This is completely new relation</description> <display> <label>Captain</label> </display> <category>organization</category> <category>governance</category> </relation> <relation> <ref>org:owner</ref> <description>This is redefined default relation. EXPERIMENTAL</description> <display> <label>Master</label> </display> <category>policy</category> <category>governance</category> <defaultFor>owner</defaultFor> </relation> </relations> </roleManagement> </systemConfiguration> The configuration above is adding one new relation to the system: captain. This relation will work in the same way as hardcoded relations, but it will not have any special functionality that is associated with special relations such as deputy. It is recommended to use your own custom namespace for custom relations. Such as the piracy namespace in the example above. End user will not see the namespace at all, it is just an internal mechanism. It is likely that new built-in relations will be introduced in future midPoint versions. Using separate namespaces is a mechanism to avoid identifier conflict in future midPoint versions. Relation can be sorted into categories categories. Each category determines is which parts of the user interface will be particular relation used. See User Interface Area Categories page for more details. Currently, relation configuration is supposed to be used only to add completely new relations. Changing existing (hardcoded) relations is experimental functionality. Relation Behavior Since 3.9, midPoint allows to completely redefine object relations. Instead of specific relation names midPoint defines behavior depending on relation kinds. The following kinds are available (see RelationKindType). Relation kind Meaning Default relations that are of this kind member Membership relation, usually meaning "has" or "is member of". Specifies that the subject is a member of organization, or that the subject has been assigned a role in a way that he gets authorizations and other contentprovided by that role.Default relation of member kind is also considered to be the overall default relation (i.e. used when reference relation is null). org:default, org:manager manager Relations of "is manager of" kind. Specifies that the subject is a manager of organizational unit. Relations of this kind are usually also of member kind. org:manager meta Relations used for metarole assignments. Sometimes it is important to distinguish metarole and member assignments. This kind of relation is used for that purpose. org:meta delegation Relation of "is deputy of" kind. Specifies that the subject is a deputy of another user. org:deputy approver Relation "is approver of" kind.Specifies that the subject is a (general) approver of specified (abstract) role. The approver will be asked for decision if the role is assigned, if there is a rule conflict during assignment (e.g. SoD conflict) or if there is any similar situation.This approver is responsible for the use of the role, which mostly means that he decides about role assignment. It is NOT meant to approve role changes. Role owner is meant for that purpose. org:approver owner Relation of "is owner of" kind.Specifies that the subject is a (business) owner of specified (abstract) role. The owner will be asked for decision if the role is modified, when the associated policy changes and so on.This owner is responsible for maintaining role definition and policies. It is NOT necessarily concerned with role use (e.g. assignment). The approver relation kind is meant for that purpose. org:owner consent Relation "is consent for" kind. Specifies that the subject gave a consent for using personnel information related to this role. org:consent Note that a relation can be of more than one kind. For example, org:default is of member and manager kinds. Hardcoded Relations There is a handful of relations that are hardcoded in midPoint: Relation Meaning Is a default for Is also of kind org:default Default relation, usually meaning "has" or "is member of". Specifies that the subject is a member of organization, or that the subject has been assigned a role in a way that he gets authorizations and other content provided by that role. member - org:manager Relation "is manager of". Specifies that the subject is a manager of organizational unit. manager member org:meta Relation used for metarole assignments. Sometimes it is important to distinguish metarole and member assignments. This relation is used for that purpose. meta - org:deputy Relation "is deputy of". Specifies that the subject is a deputy of another user. delegation - org:approver Relation "is approver of". Specifies that the subject is a (general) approver of specified (abstract) role. The approver will be asked for decision if the role is assigned, if there is a rule conflict during assignment (e.g. SoD conflict) or if there is any similar situation.This is a generic approver used for all the situation. The system may be customized with more specific approver roles, e.g. technicalApprover, securityApprover, etc.This approver is responsible for the use of the role, which mostly means that he decides about role assignment. It is NOT meant to approve role changes. Role owner is meant for that purpose. approver - org:owner Relation "is owner of". Specifies that the subject is a (business) owner of specified (abstract) role. The owner will be asked for decision if the role is modified, when the associated policy changes and so on.This owner is responsible for maintaining role definition and policies. It is NOT necessarily concerned with role use (e.g. assignment). The approver relation is meant for that purpose. owner - org:consent Relation "is consent for". Specifies that the subject gave a consent for using personnel information related to this role. consent - Meaning of these statically defined relation are defined directly within midPoint code. Before midPoint 3.9 this set of relations was effectively fixed. Since midPoint 3.9 this can be extended and even changed. Just please note that currently relation configuration is supposed to be used only to add completely new relations. Changing existing (hardcoded) relations is experimental functionality.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
krediet Etymology From, from , neuter of , past participe of. The verb is from the noun. Noun * 1) credit	WIKI
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/White widow (cannabis) The result was keep. delldot talk 08:25, 8 December 2007 (UTC) White widow (cannabis) * – (View AfD) (View log) Unsourced and non-notable strain of cannabis-- JediLofty User ¦ Talk 17:12, 30 November 2007 (UTC) * Keep this is a strain that many cannabis clubs carry, it is probably notable Coccyx Bloccyx 19:44, 30 November 2007 (UTC) * Weak keep pending references. Winning the Cannabis Cup is a reasonable claim of notability, but needs to be documented. Most cannabis-related content published in the USA doesn't meet WP:RS, but if I'm not mistaken, the Cup has been covered in mainstream European sources that should back this up. If there aren't other sources for it except Cup coverage, though, this stub should be merged into Cannabis Cup. Barno 21:32, 30 November 2007 (UTC) * Yes I think that is a reasonable thing to ask for. Do you know which European sources may have documented this though? Coccyx Bloccyx 22:02, 30 November 2007 (UTC) * Not yet. Google "White Widow" "Cannabis Cup" gives seed company listings for almost all the first 50, most of which cite the award or hit a URL ending in something mentioning Cup winners. Removing "seed" and "seeds" narrowed it down to mostly enthusiast self-web-published stuff. HIGH TIMES is the closest thing to a WP:RS-valid source in the first bunch of hits, although there may have been mainstream articles in newspapers and magazines that I haven't found yet. No obvious European edited-and-published stuff found so far, but I'll try to search more tightly. Barno 00:15, 1 December 2007 (UTC) * Adding "magazine" leads me to ask if any European reader can tell us: Do 420magazine.com, VirtualTourist.com, or International Cannagraphic Magazine have widely distributed published versions with editorial review that meet our reliable sources guideline enough to establish notability? If they're just hobbyist webmags, then they might not make White Widow and other Cannabis Cup-winning strains independently notable, and mention in the parent article (plus a redirect for searchers) would be enough. But if these or other publishers do mainstream magazines, books, or other citeable sources, please let us know.Barno 00:29, 1 December 2007 (UTC) A similar search] with "newspaper" gave things like [http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/13390669/the_great_california_weed_rush/print this article] from Rolling Stone 's Politics section. Here's an article from The Independent from London. Here's an article from the Miami New Times where the Neighborhood Fish Farm was awarded "Best place to go stoned" in a long list of otherwise legitimate-sounding awards. (For example the award to Ricky Williams didn't include a marijuana joke.) Barno 00:46, 1 December 2007 (UTC) * Comment:[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=newspaper+%22White+Widow%22+%22Cannabis+Cup%22&btnG=Search * Keep for this subject, High Times is probably the RS. DGG (talk) 21:26, 5 December 2007 (UTC)	WIKI
Adpositional phrase An adpositional phrase is a syntactic category that includes prepositional phrases, postpositional phrases, and circumpositional phrases. Adpositional phrases contain an adposition (preposition, postposition, or circumposition) as head and usually a complement such as a noun phrase. Language syntax treats adpositional phrases as units that act as arguments or adjuncts. Prepositional and postpositional phrases differ by the order of the words used. Languages that are primarily head-initial such as English predominantly use prepositional phrases whereas head-final languages predominantly employ postpositional phrases. Many languages have both types, as well as circumpositional phrases. Types There are three types of adpositional phrases: prepositional phrases, postpositional phrases, and circumpositional phrases. Prepositional phrases The underlined phrases in the following sentences are examples of prepositional phrases in English. The prepositions are in bold: * a. She walked to his desk. * b. Ryan could see her in the room. * c. David walked on top of the building. * d. They walked up the stairs. * e. Philip ate in the kitchen. * f. Charlotte walked inside the house. * g. As a student, I find that offensive. Prepositional phrases have a preposition as the central element of the phrase, i.e. as the head of the phrase. The remaining part of the phrase is called the prepositional complement, or sometimes the "object" of the preposition. In English and many other Indo-European languages it takes the form of a noun phrase, such as a noun, pronoun, or gerund, possibly with one or more modifiers. A prepositional phrase can function as an adjective or adverb. Postpositional phrases Postpositional elements are frequent in head-final languages such as Basque, Estonian, Finnish, Georgian, Korean, Japanese, Hindi, Urdu, Bengali and Tamil. The word or other morpheme that corresponds to an English preposition occurs after its complement, hence the name postposition. The following examples are from Japanese, where the case markers perform a role similar to that of adpositions: * a. ..mise ni * store to = 'to the store' * b. ..ie kara * house from = 'from the house' * c. ..hashi de * chopsticks with = 'with chopsticks' And from Finnish, where the case endings perform a role similar to that of adpositions: * a. ..kauppaan * store.to = 'to the store' * b. ..talosta * house.from = 'from the house' * c. ..puikoilla * chopsticks.with = 'with chopsticks' While English is generally seen as lacking postpositions entirely, there are a couple of words that one can in fact view as postpositions, e.g. the crisis two years ago , sleep the whole night through . Since a phrase like two years ago distributes just like a prepositional phrase, one can argue that ago should be classified as a postposition, as opposed to as an adjective or adverb. Circumpositional phrases Circumpositional phrases involve both a preposition and a postposition, whereby the complement appears between the two. Circumpositions are common in Pashto and Kurdish. English has at least one circumpositional construction, e.g. * a. From now on, he won't help. German has more of them, e.g. * b. Von mir aus kannst du das machen. * From me out can you that do = 'As far as I'm concerned, you can do it.' * c. Um der Freundschaft willen sollst du es machen. * around the friendship sake should you it do = 'For the sake of friendship, you should do it.' Representation Like with all other types of phrases, theories of syntax render the syntactic structure of adpositional phrases using trees. The trees that follow represent adpositional phrases according to two modern conventions for rendering sentence structure, first in terms of the constituency relation of phrase structure grammars and then in terms of the dependency relation of dependency grammars. The following labels are used on the nodes in the trees: Adv = adverb, N = nominal (noun or pronoun), P = preposition/postposition, and PP = pre/postpositional phrase: * PPs 1.png These phrases are identified as prepositional phrases by the placement of PP at the top of the constituency trees and of P at the top of the dependency trees. English also has a number of two-part prepositional phrases, i.e. phrases that can be viewed as containing two prepositions, e.g. * PPs 2.png Assuming that ago in English is indeed a postposition as suggested above, a typical ago-phrase would receive the following structural analyses: * PPs ago.png The analysis of circumpositional phrases is not so clear, since it is not obvious which of the two adpositions should be viewed as the head of the phrase. However, the following analyses are more in line with the fact that English is primarily a head-initial language: * PP cirumposition.png Distribution The distribution of prepositional phrases in English can be characterized in terms of heads and dependents. Prepositional phrases typically appear as postdependents of nouns, adjectives, and finite and non-finite verbs, although they can also appear as predependents of finite verbs, for instance when they initiate clauses. For ease of presentation, just dependency trees are now employed to illustrate these points. The following trees show prepositional phrases as postdependents of nouns and adjectives: * PPs on nouns and adjectives.png And the following trees show prepositional phrases as postdependents of non-finite verbs and as predependents of finite verbs: * PPs on verbs.png Attempts to position a prepositional phrase in front of its head noun, adjective, or non-finite verb create an incorrectly formatted sentence, e.g. * a. his departure on Tuesday * b. his on Tuesday departure a. proud of his grade * b. * of his grade proud * a. He is leaving on Tuesday. * b. He is on Tuesday leaving. The b-examples demonstrate that prepositional phrases in English prefer to appear as postdependents of their heads. The fact, however, that they can at times appear as a predependent of their head (as in the finite clauses above) is curious. Function More often than not, a given adpositional phrase is an adjunct in the clause or noun phrase that it appears in. These phrases can also, however, function as arguments, in which case they are known as oblique: a. She ran under him . - Adjunct at the clause level * b. The man from China was enjoying his noodles. - Adjunct in a noun phrase. * c. He gave money to the cause . - Oblique argument at the clause level * d. She argued with him . - Oblique Argument at the clause level * e. A student of physics attended. - Argument in a noun phrase Particles A prepositional phrase should not be confused with a sequence formed by the particle and the direct object of a phrasal verb. Phrasal verbs often consist of a verb and a particle, whereby the particle is mistakenly interpreted to be a preposition, e.g. * a. He turned on the light. - on is a particle, not a preposition * b. He turned it on. - Shifting identifies on as a particle * a. She made up a story. - up is a particle, not a preposition * b. She made it up. - Shifting identifies up as a particle * a. They put off the party. - off is a particle, not a preposition * b. They put it off. - Shifting identifies off as a particle. Particles are identified by shifting, i.e. the particle can switch places with the object when the object is a pronoun. Prepositions cannot do this, i.e. they cannot switch positions with their complement, e.g. He is relying on Susan vs. *He is relying her on.	WIKI
There are several differentdrugsusedduring detoxto help with pain and withdrawal symptoms, but what many people don’t realize is that vitamins and minerals are also beneficial. Nutrientsin these alcohol withdrawal supplements include, but are not limited to, B vitamins, vitamin C, zinc, and magnesium. Some people also choose to complement their alcohol withdrawal vitamins with herbal supplements. Read on to learn more about alcohol withdrawal syndrome, including the signs, symptoms, and detoxification process. The use of supplements and MAT therapy during recovery can be helpful as the body begins to heal. Why do we give thiamine to alcoholics? Thiamine deficiency is particularly important because it can exacerbate many of the other processes by which alcohol induces brain injury, as described in other articles in this issue of Alcohol Research & Health. As a result, many individuals who misuse alcohol may become malnourished. For example, their body may become dependent on the alcohol, and their brain chemistry may change. People who misuse alcohol can experience a range of symptoms if they abruptly stop drinking. These symptoms can range from mild nausea, headaches, to life threatening seizures. Various studies show that vitamin C reduces stress and anxiety and decreases the severity of depression (62-67). Top 20 Supplements for Natural Alcohol Detox However, you should not use them as a substitute for physician-monitored treatment. The information we provide while responding to comments is not intended to provide and does not constitute medical, legal, or other professional advice. The responses to comments on fitrecovery.com are designed to support, not replace, medical or psychiatric treatment. • Learn about ourtreatment programsand levels of care foronline rehab. • According to a 2014 survey by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, more than half of Americans aged 12 and older use alcohol. • That’s why it’s important to eat three meals a day plus snacks as your body heals. • When someone drinks alcohol, it diminishes the function of producing digestive enzymes. We will review a number of highly effective supplements for alcoholics that include many basic vitamins and go well beyond them. Alcohol is a substance that can have a permanent, detrimental impact on the people who become alcohol recovery vitamins addicted to it. Drinking too much can also deplete the body’s levels of another B vitamin, B9, also known as folic acid and folate. Folic acid is important for red blood cell production and making and repairing DNA. What Are Supplements for Alcohol Cravings? They tend to provide the best care possible for people struggling with withdrawal symptoms. A single alcohol and drug treatment center in Texas has helped more than 20,000 individuals with a personalized treatment plan. Because alcohol depletes so many important nutrients from the body, the root causes of alcohol withdrawal symptoms are often nutrient deficiencies that have built up over time. As mentioned throughout this article, drugs and alcohol can cause several nutrient deficiencies that are key to helping the body function regularly. And other research shows that long-term vitamin C deficiency contributes to nervousness and emotional instability. And there was a 35% reduction in mood disturbance in hospitalized patients after vitamin C treatment . First of all, vitamin C levels are significantly lower in drug addicts .	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
My Not So Fancy .screenrc Some number of days ago my dear Wesley put out the call absolutely begging for our Best .screenrc Files. While mine is very simple it hits all my special points. First the config, then the explanation. startup_message off chdir defutf8 on utf8 on on # Enable window monitoring & notifications monitor on defmonitor on # Change escape command from ctrl-a to ctrl-z escape ^za autodetach on hardstatus on hardstatus alwayslastline hardstatus string '%{= kG}[ %{G}%H %{g}][%= %{=kw}%?%-Lw%?%{r}(%{W}%n%f%t%?(%u)%?%{r})%{w}%?%+Lw%?%?%= %{g}][%{B}%Y-%m-%d%{W}%{g}]' Go Home! Normally the chdir is used on a special case to switch to a new directory, however here I'm using it to force my screen to start in my home directory. This is mostly because I'm lazy and don't want to have to change directories prior to launch. Unicode All The Things I honestly don't have a fantastic and compelling reason to use UTF-8. This is 2014 and it seems like it's time to start using Unicode instead of some silly old school character sets. These lines tell screen to use UTF-8 by default and to go ahead and turn it on. This way if I open a new screen window it'll have a consistent character set. Ohai Guise! Look Over Here! When you have multiple screen windows sometimes it can be tricksome to keep track of them all. When I first started using multiple windows it was because of IRC. I was using irssi, because I'm a nerd, and freenode because it's IRC. Then I joined an industry group that had a private IRC server and it just became easier to run two instances of irssi. This meant two screen windows so MONITORING! When I get activity in the window this will throw an alert so that I know somebody said something. Ephemera By default screen uses ctrl+a in order to break into command mode. Since I also use bash this is exceptionally annoying. I'm changing the escape character to ctrl+z so that I can finally start using the 'start of line' key combo again. The hardstatus line is...thick. This is the real magic that makes multiple windows worth using. This sets up a status line on the bottom that lists all the windows, which one is currently active, which ones have unread activity, their name, and the current date. If you use this status line the potentially least obvious things are the three most likely statuses you'll see on the windows. They will be shown immediately after the line number. • - : The previously opened window. • : The current active window. • @ : This window has unseen activity. All of this comes together in something that looks like this. My Fancy Ass .screenrc	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
La Ronciere Island La Ronciere Island (Остров Ла-Ронсьер, also known as Ronser Island, is an island in Franz Josef Land, Russia. History This island was named by the Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition after Captain La Ronciere Le Noury, a French courier for Austro-Hungarian Emperor Franz Joseph. On some maps La Ronciere Island appears as "Whitney Island", after American Arctic financier William Collins Whitney. This name was given by the American explorer Evelyn Briggs Baldwin, but the Austro-Hungarian explorers who discovered Franz Josef land had named this island first. Geography La Ronciere Island's area is 478 km². Its latitude is 81° N and its longitude 61° E. The highest point of the island is 431 m. It is almost completely glaciarized except for two small points by the shore in the northeast and in the west. La Ronciere Island lies north of Wilczek Land, separated from it by an 8 km wide sound. Geddes Island 6 km southwest of La Ronciere Island and 4 km north of Wilczek Land's northwestern cape, at 80.87167°N, 60.11722°W, lies a small island called Ostrov Geidzh (Остров Гейдж) or Geddes Island. This barely 1 km island was named after Scottish polar scientist Sir Patrick Geddes. This same island was named Hayden Island (Остров Гайдана; Ostrov Gaydana), after pioneering American geologist Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, by the Ziegler-Fiala expedition.	WIKI
Tennet signs framework contract worth $2 bln for German, Dutch substations Adds details from statement in paragraphs 3-6 BERLIN, Sept 25 (Reuters) - Dutch grid operator TenneT IPO-TTH.AS said on Monday that it had signed a framework agreement worth 1.9 billion euros ($2 billion) for the supply of 110 compensation coils and 160 power transformers for Germany and the Netherlands. The agreement, which has a minimum term of two years and offers the possibility to extend the contract up to five times for a year at a time, was signed together with suppliers Siemens Energy ENR1n.DE, Hitachi 6501.T, GE <GE.N> and SGB-SMIT, said TenneT. The four suppliers receive an equal share of the contract volume, TenneT said, equating to around 475 million euros each. The award marks the latest by TenneT, Germany's biggest high-voltage grid operator, to upgrade power lines and prepare them for linking thousands of wind turbines and solar panels. Of the total, 1.16 billion euros is for German substations and 730 million euros is for those in the Netherlands, said TenneT, adding that each supplier was awarded about a quarter of the total volume. ($1 = 0.9407 euros) (Writing by Miranda Murray and Christoph Steitz, Editing by Friederike Heine and Anil D'Silva) ((Miranda.Murray@thomsonreuters.com;)) The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Captain Michalis Captain Michalis (Ο Καπετάν Μιχάλης) is a 1953 novel by the Greek writer Nikos Kazantzakis. In the English, German, and French translations (as well as many others) it is known as Freedom or Death. The writer was influenced by his early years on the island of Crete and uses explicit Cretan Greek words and the Cretan idiom in a way that preserves it untouched. It is one of the most widely read books of modern Greek literature which has been translated and published in several languages. Plot The story is set during the Cretan revolution of 1889. The protagonist, Captain Michalis, a fierce and indomitable warrior, has sworn to be black-clad, unshaven and unsmiling until Crete is liberated. But when he meets Emine, the wife of his blood brother, Nuri Bey, he is possessed by "a demon" that despite his efforts, he cannot get out of his mind. While Captain Michalis fights his demon, Nuri Bey duels Manousakas, a brother of Captain Michalis, to avenge the death of his father, who was killed by their brother Costaros years ago, and kills him; himself, however, is injured at his genitals. His wound heals, but the damage is irreversible and he kills himself, unable to bear the scorn and pity of Emine (who has meanwhile become Captain Polixigis' lover) for his impotence. The news of his death adds to the already tense atmosphere in Megalo Kastro, where daily reports of skirmishes and riots between Greeks and Turks arrive throughout the island. At the instigation of the aghas, Turkish soldiers pour into the streets of the city, slaughtering and burning. A few days later, the revolution breaks out. The war is raging and the Turks are besieging the monastery of Afentis Christos. At the same time, Emine is preparing to be baptized a Christian and marry Polixigis. But Nuri Bey's family kidnaps her and Captain Michalis, on the most critical night of the siege, leaves the monastery to save her. He succeeds and sends her to an aunt's house. In his absence, however, the Turks manage to set fire to the monastery and Captain Michalis kills Emine to calm down and get rid of his regrets about the monastery. A little later, Kosmas, son of Costaros and nephew of Captain Michalis, arrives in Crete, bringing the message of capitulation to the rebels. One after another, the captains lay down their arms, but Captain Michalis refuses to submit. Kosmas goes to his lair to convince him to hand over his weapons, but in the end he stays as well, as Crete and his father Costaros wake up inside him. In the heat of the battle, he understands that Captain Michalis has now been freed from all fear and hope. Soon, uncle and nephew fall dead in the last raid of the Turks. Explanation of the novel's title It is thought that the book's title honours Kazantzakis' father Michalis Kazantzakis, by whom the writer was inspired. The word Captain is not used in its naval rank sense, but as the title of leader of a guerilla warfare group (the writer's father Michalis Kazantzakis was a leader of such a group, hence the title. Kazantzakis says this in his book "Report to Greco"). Freedom or Death was added as a subtitle to the second edition in Greek released by Difros publishers in Athens in 1955 and was the preferred English (US) title. In the UK the book was published as Freedom and Death, which were the last words in the book. The expression comes from the Greek national motto "Freedom or Death" (Eleftheria i thanatos), derived from the Greek War of Independence and used by Cretan rebels such as the book's protagonist. The "or" was knowingly replaced with "and" in the ending text by Kazantzakis. Publication Captain Michalis has been translated into many languages, including Turkish. * 1954, Germany, (titled "Freiheit oder Tod", translated by Helmut von den Steinen), Herbig, Berlin. * 1955, Sweden, (titled "Frihet eller död", translated into Swedish by Börje Knös), Ljus, Stockholm. * 1955, Norway, (titled "Frihet eller død", translated into Norwegian by Leif Kristiansen), Tanum, Oslo. * 1955, Denmark, (titled "Frihed eller død", translated into Danish by Karl Hornelund), Jespersen og Pio, Copenhagen. * 1955, Netherlands, (titled "Kapitein Michalis", translated into Dutch by H.C.M. Edelman), De Fontein, Utrecht. * 1955, Finland (titled "Vapaus tai Kuolema" translated into Finnish by Elvi Sinervo), Kustannusosakeyhtiö Tammi, Helsinki. * 1955, United States, (titled "Freedom or Death, a novel", translated by Jonathan Griffin), Simon and Schuster, New York. * 1956, Great Britain (titled "Freedom and Death, a novel", translated by Jonathan Griffin''), Bruno Cassirer, Oxford ISBN 0-85181-012-8. * 1956, France (titled "La Liberté ou La Mort", translated by Gisèle Prassinos and Pierre Fridas), Plon, Paris. * 1956, Yugoslavia (titled "Kapitan Mihalis", translated into Slovenian by Jose Udović), : Cankarjevna, Ljubljana. * 1957, Iceland (titled "Frelsið eða dauðann", translated into Icelandic by Skúli Bjarkan), Almenna bókafélagið, Reykjavík. * 1957, Argentina (titled "Libertad o muerte", translated into Spanish by Rosa Chacel), Carlos Lohlé, Buenos Aires. * 1958, Portugal (titled "Liberdade ou morte", translated into Portuguese by Maria Franco), Cor, Lisbon. * 1958, Hungary (titled "Mihálisz kapitány", translated into Hungarian by Abody Béla), Európa, Budapest. * 1959, Italy (titled "Capitan Michele", translated by Edvige Levi Gunalachi), Martello, Milan. * 1960, Poland (titled "Kapitan Michał", translated into Polish by Katarzyna Witwicka), Czytelnik, Warsaw. * 1960, Czechoslovakia (titled "Kapitán Michalis" translated into Czech by František Štuřík and Mariana Stříbrná), Československý spisovatel, Prague. * 1961, Bulgaria (titled "Kapitan Mikhalis", translated into Bulgarian by Georgi Kufov), Narodna Kultura, Sofia. * 1963, Israel (titled "Herut O Mavet" - "חרות או מוות"), Am Oved, Tel Aviv. * 1965, USSR (titled "Kapitan Mihalis: Svoboda abo smert", translated into Ukrainian by Ivan Hrechanivs'ky, Viktoriia and Iannis Mochos), Vydavnytstvo Khudozhn'oi Literatury "Dnipro", Kiev. * 1967, Turkey, (titled "Ya hürriyet ya ölüm (Kapetan Mihalis)", translated by Nevzat Hatko), Ararat, Istanbul. * 1973, Iran, (titled "Azadi ya marg", translated into Persian by Muhammad Qazi), Khvarazmi, Tehran. * 1973, Albania (titled, "Ja vdekje, ja liri", translated into Albanian by Enver Fico), Shtepia Botuese "Naim Frasheri" Tirana. * 1976, Egypt, (titled "al-Hurriya wa-l-maut"), al-Hay'a, Cairo. * 1982, China, (titled "Zi you huo si wang", translated into Chinese by Wang Zhenji yi), Wai guo wen xue chu ban she, Peking. * 2002, Lithuania (titled "Kapitonas Michalis", translated into Lithuanian by Diana Bučiūtė), Vaga (publisher), Vilnius. * 2013, Brazil (titled "O Capitão Michális (Liberdade ou Morte)", translated into Portuguese by Silvia Ricardino), Grua, São Paulo. * 2014, Croatia (titled "Sloboda ili smrt", translated into Croatian by Irena Gavranović Lukšić), Sandorf, Zagreb. * 2021, Russia (titled "Капитан Михалис", translated into Russian by Victor Grigorievich Sokoluk), Wyrgorod, Moscow.	WIKI
July is the seventh month on both the Gregorian and Julian calendars. On the old Roman calendar, it was the fifth month since the new year did not start till March. It was called Quintillis until it was renamed July in honor of Julius Caesar. This occurred in 45 BC when the Julian calendar was adopted and January became the first month of the new year. In the Northern Hemisphere it is considered one of the warmest months of the year. Conversely it is considered one of the coldest months in the Southern Hemisphere where it is winter. The symbols for July are the ruby (birthstone) and Larkspur or Water Lilly for the flower. Due to the Independence Day holiday, I did not post my usual month message. So here it is! July is the 7th month on both Gregorian and Julian calendars, and one of seven months with 31 days. The month was named for Julius Caesar by the Roman senate in recognition for his achievements as a Roman general (this was before he became emperor). June is traditionally known (in the northern hemisphere) as when the dog days of summer begins. Generally that means when it gets real hot and some say sultry. Of course in the southern hemisphere July is in winter. July’s birthstone is the ruby and there are two flowers (Larkspur and Water Lily).	FINEWEB-EDU
The Granulomatous Disorders May 1, 2001 The editors of this impressive new book indicate in their preface that this text was compiled to give "undivided attention" to granulomatous disorders other than sarcoidosis. Toward that end, they have assembled an impressive array of experts from The editors of this impressive new book indicate in their preface that this text was compiled to give "undivided attention" to granulomatous disorders other than sarcoidosis. Toward that end, they have assembled an impressive array of experts from around the world as chapter editors. In turn, the editors had most chapters jointly authored by a pathologist and a clinician in an effort to provide the reader with, as they put it, "an insight into increasing knowledge on the pathogenesis and clinico-pathologic correlates of granulomatous diseases." For the most part, they succeed admirably in attaining their goals. The book is organized into four parts: Biology of Granulomas, Infectious Granulomas, Granulomas and Disease, and Granulomas and Body Systems. These large sections provide the reader with extended discussions and insights into our current understanding of, respectively, basic biology as applied to pathogenesis, diagnosis, and taxonomy; infectious etiologies; "syndromes" (eg, sarcoidosis, cancer-related syndromes, bone marrow involvement); and specific organ system involvement (eg, heart, eye, gastrointestinal) of granulomatous disease. The sections and their constituent chapters are thorough in the treatment of their assigned topics and are generally quite current in terms of the exhaustive list of references provided with each chapter. The editors themselves credit the book with being "eminently readable and extensively illustrated," and they are correct. The text is uniformly lucid and the type font is large and easy on the eyes. The illustrations and tables are particularly worth noting, both for their quantity and quality. Medical texts always risk becoming ponderous tomes with endless fact-laden text, but that is not a problem with The Granulomatous Disorders. Here, the clear writing is abundantly supplemented by well-organized tables and excellent reproductions of histopathology, patient photographs (including some in color), and various imaging studies. This material substantially adds to the text and augments the reader’s understanding of the topic. Those who have occasion to teach this subject will find that many of the tables provide useful teaching summaries. As noted, this is an extraordinarily comprehensive work. I can think of no other book in which one might find mention-let alone discussion-of entities such as Blau’s syndrome (a pediatric granulomatous condition) or Kikuchi’s disease (a condition of young women that is often associated with autoimmune disorders) as well as an extended analysis of the often vexing relationship between granuloma formation and various cancers. However, there are some instances where this level of detail becomes somewhat excessive-for example, the nearly two-page discussion of the Kveim-Stilzbach test for sarcoidosis, including the preparation of the test antigen. Likewise, a full chapter on the electron microscopy of granulomas (an approach that, by the author’s declaration, has been largely superseded by other tools) may be of interest mostly for historic purposes. On the other hand, the chapter on sarcoidosis does not provide nearly as much information on the application of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme to that condition as many readers might like. Furthermore, the section dealing with the heart does not provide guidance on the role of newer imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating possible granulomatous involvement of that organ. However, these and similar relatively modest shortcomings are more than made up for, particularly by parts I and IV of the book. The early chapters that address the biology and immunology of the granuloma and the mechanisms that interrelate granuloma formation and fibrosis are especially effective at providing an understanding of the complex interaction between T helper (Th1/Th2) lymphocytes, the lymphokines they produce, macrophages, and an array of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors at work in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Likewise, the chapter on the classification of granulomatous disorders provides a very helpful organization for categorizing and distinguishing these from one another and from related conditions. The chapters on specific organ involvement in granulomatous disease are also distinctive and useful. In addition, a chapter on granulomatous lesions of unknown significance (the GLUS syndrome) is thoughtfully included. This is a common clinical problem, and readers will appreciate the thorough and practical treatment it is given in the text. While biologists and immunologists will find different aspects of this text to interest them, this clearly seems to be a book written for clinicians. As already noted, this is a generally excellent text, in large part due to its comprehensive nature. That said, who exactly will have sufficient use for a detailed work on such a circumscribed topic? Although many internists, pediatricians, pathologists, and others involved in clinical medicine will encounter granulomatous diseases, most will not do so often. Subspecialists of various types may be the most frequent users of this text. It will be a comforting resource for some of the more difficult issues related to granulomatous disease. For that reason alone, many will want a copy of this book available to them in their hospital or medical school library. It is less clear how many will want this book on the shelf of their personal book collection. That’s a shame, as this is a well-written and unique text.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Anastasiya Petryshak Anastasiya Petryshak (Анастасія Петришак; born 12 April 1994) is a Ukrainian violinist. Musical education She was introduced to music with piano studies at age 5; in the following years, she began studying the violin. Even in the early years, she began to perform publicly as a soloist, participating in and winning numerous national and international competitions. Her great talent and determination, demonstrated in Ukraine, led her to move to Italy when she was 10, to continue her violin studies. At age 15, she was admitted to the Walter Stauffer International Academy of Cremona, for Advanced Specialization in Violin, and then the Accademia Musicale Chigiana in Siena, where she was trained by Master Salvatore Accardo. At age 17, she graduated from the Arrigo Boito Conservatory in Parma with the highest marks, honors and an honorable mention. She then received a specialization diploma for violin from the International Piano Academy "Incontri col Maestro" in Imola. At the beginning of 2015 she concluded a two-year program in advanced specialization with the highest marks, honors and an honorable mention at the Claudio Monteverdi Musical Institute of Cremona with Laura Gorna, thus completing the maximum of available studies in Italy for the violin. She also studied with Zakhar Bron, Boris Belkin, Shlomo Mintz, Pierre Amoyal and others. In 2017, she began to further improve her violin technique with Professor Rudolf Koelman, at the Zürcher Hochschule der Künste. Career She began a solo career in Ukraine by performing in numerous solo concerts with orchestra, by composers such as Bach, Vivaldi, and Accolay. Even in the early years, she emerged as the absolute winner in numerous competitions. She made her debut as a soloist in Italy at age 15, performing the Violin Concerto No. 1 by Paganini with the "Arturo Toscanini" Philharmonic Orchestra of Parma, with which she also performed, in the months following, the Violin Concerto by Tchaikovsky at the Paganini Auditorium, thus launching a solo career that led her to perform in numerous major theaters. In 2012 she won the competition of "Best Graduates from Conservatories and Musical Institutes of Italy, 2011" and in 2014 she was among the best students from the Institutes of Advanced Music Education in Italy. She has performed and collaborated with international musicians such as Sofia Gubaidulina, Salvatore Accardo, Rocco Filippini, Gianluigi Gelmetti, Federico Longo and many others. Since the age of 15 she has worked with Andrea Bocelli, who has invited her as a guest soloist for numerous concerts in Italy and abroad. Particularly sensitive to social issues, she offers her music at charity events such as benefits following the earthquake in Haiti or to help build the new Cardiac Surgery ICU at the Bambino Gesù Hospital. In 2015 she was chosen to be part of the project designed and established by Pope Francis and the Pontifical Council for the Family, entitled "The Great Mystery". Each year she is dedicated to initiatives to commemorate the International Holocaust Remembrance Day, such as the show "The Question of Mozart" or by performing in concerts with the "Violin of Hope". In 2016 she had the opportunity to play Paganini's violin “Il Cannone” (Guarneri del Gesu, 1743) in the Teatro Carlo Felice in Genova with Orchestra to honor the 234th anniversary of his birth. She played Paganini's Violin Concerto No. 1. In 2018, she released her first CD, with the label Sony Classical, called "Amato Bene". In 2022, she released her second CD "Ange Terrible", again with Sony, focused on the French masterpieces of the first half of the twentieth century. Instruments She collaborates with the "Stradivari Foundation" and "Museum of the Violin" of Cremona, regularly performing with all the instruments in the collection, made by Stradivari, Antonio Amati, Guarneri del Gesù and others. She also works with the musical acoustics laboratory at the Polytechnic University of Milan and the non-invasive diagnostic laboratory of the University of Pavia, which deals with acoustic aspect of the instrument and the physical nature of the ancient violins from Cremonese violin making, as well as modern instruments, winners of the Triennial International Competition of Violin Making. These collaborations allowed her, at a young age, to specialize in the use of the antique Cremonese instruments of Stradivari, Amati, Guarneri del Gesu as well as the modern versions, performing with roughly 60 of them, studying their acoustic performance in depth and identifying the peculiarities and nuanced timbre of each violin. Anastasiya Petryshak plays a modern violin by Bologna's violin maker Roberto Regazzi.	WIKI
AT&T Could Offer Retirees Sustainable Income With interest rates still near their historic lows, dividend investing is back en vogue in a big way. While there are plenty of great dividend stocks on the market today, my pick as the best income stock is telecom giant AT&T (NYSE: T) . While not necessarily the most inventive idea, AT&T offers investors an incredible mix of current yield, a rich history of dividend payments, and a strong competitive position. Let's examine these aspects of AT&T's investment thesis in closer detail. AT&T's huge yield The headline dividend stats for AT&T should jump off the page to investors. The telecom giant's shares currently yield an impressive 5.1%. Contrast this against the current 1.9% yield for the S&P 500 or the 2.3% yield on 10-year Treasury bonds, and the true impressiveness of AT&T's income-producing power comes into sharper contrast. However, this isn't the only way that AT&T distinguishes itself as a dividend stock. The company has established an elite track record of consecutive annual dividend increases. In fact, the company has done so for 32 straight years, earning it the vaunted title of a Dividend Aristocrat . Companies in this group have a well-established history of outperforming the market in terms of total returns. If there had to be one detractor to AT&T's prominence as a dividend stock it would be that the company hasn't grown its payouts fast enough. Over the past decade, the telecom giant has increased its dividends per share at an annual average rate of just 3.2% per annum. Also worth noting, the company's 95.1% payout ratio seems to imply that AT&T might not have much more room to increase its dividends in the years to come. However, it's important to remember that companies fund dividends from cash flows, not GAAP profits. As such, the $40.6 billion in cash flows from operations that AT&T has generated over the past 12 months stands significantly higher than the $12.6 billion in net income from the same period. More importantly, AT&T's future growth outlook should allow the company to continue to grow its revenues and profits in the years to come. Future looks bright The telecom sector appears set to undergo some rather dramatic changes in the years ahead, and fortunately for AT&T shareholders, the telecom giant appears nicely positioned to benefit from these shifts . The lynchpin cementing AT&T's competitive positioning lies in its pending acquisition of entertainment powerhouse Time Warner (NYSE: TWX) . The $85.4 billion deal should allow AT&T to be among the first names to launch its own mobile cable offering in which consumers can stream their favorite TV programming directly to their wireless devices over wireless networks. For those unfamiliar with it, Time Warner controls vaunted content assets, including HBO, CNN, TBS, TNT, Warner Bros. Studios, and much more. A large portion of the channels that Time Warner controls are seen as essential to the modern cable bundle, so owning Time Warner's content assets should help AT&T negotiate the additional rights needed to stream cable over-the-top to wireless services as technology investments like 5G wireless infrastructure come on line in coming years. As one of the few companies positioned to offer wireless cable bundles in the coming years, AT&T seems well positioned to offer competitively priced service bundles. This, in turn, should help grow both the company's subscriber base and its average revenue per user (ARPU), an important industry metric. Of course, all of this should serve as a tailwind to AT&T's status as an elite income investment. In fact, AT&T says the Time Warner buyout will prove accretive to its adjusted-earnings per share and free cash flow per share in the first year after the deal closes, which should be later this year. When you consider the additional long-term benefits the deal should provide, it doesn't take an overly active imagination to see that AT&T should be able to continue to lavish its investors with a steady and growing stream of dividends into the foreseeable future. 10 stocks we like better than AT&T When investing geniuses David and Tom Gardner have a stock tip, it can pay to listen. After all, the newsletter they have run for over a decade, Motley Fool Stock Advisor , has tripled the market.* David and Tom just revealed what they believe are the 10 best stocks for investors to buy right now... and AT&T wasn't one of them! That's right -- they think these 10 stocks are even better buys. Click here to learn about these picks! *Stock Advisor returns as of July 6, 2017 Andrew Tonner has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool recommends Time Warner. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy . The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
loading... Cover image for The game changer: React or Angular or Vue? The game changer: React or Angular or Vue? anjankant profile image Anjan Kant Updated on ・2 min read For a front-end web developer, it is always a tough choice to choose between the various technologies that he/she are provided with. A few years back, the w3 organisation has made the JavaScript as the client-side script that has to be used by default by any browser. 1) Having information about users of each of the technology is quite helpful in the comparison done here. The Angular has the defaulter as Google itself, accompanied by Wix, weather.com, healthcare.gov and the infamous Forbes website. The happy clients of React are Uber, Twitter, Paypal and the list goes on. When it comes to Vue, the satisfied customers are Alibaba, the popular Baidu, and GitLab. 2) There are bigger hands that uplift the developments of Angular and React whereas Vue is composed of a relatively small team. This is somewhat a peculiar condition as the code can be expected to be a lot cleaner when the size is lesser, while the length of each stride is more when backed by giants. 3) In a survey conducted by stackoverflow.com, it was found that around 67% of the developers who used React technology are in true love with it while 52% of the Angular developers are actually satisfied to continue further. Vue was accepted by 89% if they would use it again while the numbers are 92 for React and 65 for Angular. 4) The updating and upgrading policies have been quite problematic for Vue dependent developers when it comes to a large scale application while people are comfortable with React and Angular. 5) It should be noted that the React uses the ES6 standard of Javascript and Vue is in between of ES5 and ES6. Angular is quite typical here, as it largely bases itself on Typescript. The disadvantage here is that the typescript itself may disappear completely over the time. Consistency is one good thing angular has got. 6) Template flow is one big concern that these three have got for their developers. React literally breaks this custom by mixing up the Js code into HTML and this is actually what was tried to prevent in HTML coding. The other two are at par in this case. 7) The learning curve is yet another factor which helps for the best comparison between Angular or React or Vue. React requires you to have prior knowledge about JavaScript while the Angular demands you to learn the entirely new syntax that is specific to it. Vue, on the other hand, doesn't tease you much. >>> Source Article → Discussion pic Editor guide Collapse ssimontis profile image Scott Simontis Not gonna lie I like Vue for many reasons but chief among them is it makes me feel like a hipster 🙃 Collapse anjankant profile image Collapse papuruth profile image Papu Kumar I love react❤	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
User:BSBNKOTB5IVEfan This is my user page, and I will tell you a bit about me like my hobbies, interests. Music My music interests are 90s pop and dance music, I like artists like Backstreet Boys, New Kids on the Block and 5ive. My other music interests are Blue (English band). The Backstreet Boys songs I like are: * 1) My beautiful woman * 2) Song for the unloved * 3) Siberia * 4) Any other way * 5) Treat me right * 6) Downpour * 7) I want it that way * 8) Show me the meaning of being lonely * 9) Never Gone * 10) The call The New Kids on the Block songs I like are: * 1) Hangin' tough * 2) You got it (the right stuff) * 3) Step by Step * 4) Cover Girl * 5) Survive You * 6) Lets go out with a bang * 7) Please don't go girl The 5ive songs I like are: * 1) Closer to you * 2) 12345 * 3) Set me free * 4) Don't wanna let you go * 5) Cold Sweat * 6) Don't you want it The Blue songs I like are: * 1) All Rise * 2) Best in me * 3) Back some day * 4) Bounce * 5) Fly by * 6) Make it happen * 7) One love * 8) U make me wanna Sport My sport interests are Football, Cricket, Baseball. I enjoy playing Football, Cricket and Baseball/Rounders. Football to me: Football to me isn't if you can or can't do tricks, to me football is kicking a ball into the net trying to score a goal, and defending your net from the other team, to me football is about being part of the game win or lose. Baseball/Rounders to me: Baseball/Rounders to me is trying to get a rounder or home run, you have to keep your eye on the ball at all times, even if your friend is next to you trying to talk to you, ignore them because the team loses they will blame you. Dogs My other interest is dogs I have been brought up around dogs and I love them, I am against dog abuse and I support the ASPCA. I have a German shepherd, a Staffordshire bull terrier and Chihuahua.	WIKI
Fast diffusion of water molecules into chemically modified sio2 films formed by chemical vapor deposition Atsushi Ohtake, Kinya Kobayashi, Syuhei Kurokawa, Osamu Ohnishi, Toshiro Doi Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review Abstract We investigated water permeation properties into silicon oxide (SiO 2) and chemically modified SiO 2 films. The water permeability of fluorinated SiO 2 (SiOF) is higher than that of SiO 2, indicating that SiOF may have fast diffusion paths constructed from SiOF structures formed by the breaking of SiOSi networks by F atoms. It is suggested that the presence of these fast diffusion paths can explain the reason for the high water permeability of various kinds of SiOF and other low-k films. Original languageEnglish Pages (from-to)60-61 Number of pages2 JournalChemistry Letters Volume41 Issue number1 DOIs Publication statusPublished - Jan 6 2012 All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes • Chemistry(all) Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Fast diffusion of water molecules into chemically modified sio2 films formed by chemical vapor deposition'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. Cite this	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Kay Mander Kay Mander (born Kathleen Molyneux Mander; 28 September 1915 – 29 December 2013) was a British non-fiction film director and shooting continuity specialist. Early life and education Mander was born in Kingston upon Hull, the only child of Thomas Hope Mander, an accountant and bookkeeper, and Mable Fanny (nee Jacob). Mander lived in Kingston upon Hull for seven years. She spent her childhood, when not boarding at Queenwood Ladies' College in Eastbourne, in France and Germany due to her father's work for an American radiator company, National Radiators, taking him to Europe. It was in Paris she showed an interest in photography. She moved to Berlin to join her parents after failing an Oxford Scholarship exam. She considered several professions including teaching, journalism and acting, even joining an ex-pat amateur dramatics club. Career In 1935, Mander worked as a secretary at Joseph Goebbels's International Film Congress. There she met several delegates of the British feature film industry who encouraged her to look for employment in the British film industry. She contacted them for a job when she returned to Britain. Her first job in the film industry was as an interpreter for German cameraman Hans Schneeberger. Schneeberger was in London working on the aviation docudrama Conquest of the Air (1936) for producer Alexander Korda, of London Films. She then spent several years working in traditionally "female" departments such as publicity, budget and production before moving into continuity. In 1940, she was offered a job at Shell Film Unit making instructional films by producer Arthur Elton. Her debut film as a director was How to File (1941), intended as a training tool for the aircraft construction industry. Mander was praised for her innovative use of tracking shots following the movement of the file. Mander directed four more instructional films for Shell Film Unit, two for the recently restructured Fire Service and another for the Ministry of Home Security. These films were highly complex and technical and made for specialised audiences but were characterised by clarity, simplicity and skilful technical exposition. Mander went on to direct up to fifty instructional and promotional films in the UK and overseas. One of her best known films is Homes for the People (1945) which used the technique of allowing working class women to describe their living conditions, one of them vividly slating the design of her suburban house and summing up: "I call it a muck-up". In the 1950s, Mander and her husband, fellow filmmaker Rod Neilson Baxter, returned from Indonesia where they had helped set up a film unit. After directing a feature film for the Children's Film Foundation, The Kid from Canada (1957), Mander returned to continuity work, later saying that "I palpably had the skills" but could not face "battling" to continue directing. She spent most of the rest of her career working in continuity on feature films, including From Russia with Love, The Heroes of Telemark and Fahrenheit 451. Kay Mander went to live in Kirkcudbrightshire and died in Castle Douglas, Scotland on 29 December 2013. She is commemorated with a green plaque on The Avenues, Kingston upon Hull. Politics During the 1930s, Mander joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and attended Left Book Club meetings. Her political leanings would later influence her filmmaking. In 1937, she was the first woman to join the film industry's union, the Association of Cinematographic Technicians (ACT) (now BECTU). She had a column in the ACT journal, The Cine-Technician, until the 1950s, where she wrote union issues such as the need for equal pay and post-war job security. After the end of World War II, her membership of the CPGB made it more difficult for her to find work.	WIKI
User:1madiha1ansari1 = Madiha Ansari = Bio I am a student at College of DuPage Community College and am enrolled in an English 1102 course. I am 20 years old and like baking, basketball, and eating carbs. My favorite quote was said by Ben Franklin, "If you would not be forgotten, as soon as you are dead and rotten, either write things worth the reading, or do things worth the writing." Interesting Topics * 1) Macarons * 2) Joakim Noah * 3) Pediatric Gastroenterology * 4) Venice * 5) Java I will be creating a new wikipedia page about Muslim Interscholastic Tournament (MIST). https://www.getmistified.com/	WIKI
Page:The Books of Chronicles (1916).djvu/239 Rh that cut timber, twenty thousand measures of beaten wheat, and twenty thousand measures of barley, and twenty thousand baths of wine, and twenty thousand baths of oil. Then Huram the king of Tyre answered in writing, which he sent to Solomon, Because the loveth his people, he hath made thee king over them. Huram said moreover, Blessed be the, the God of Israel, that made heaven and earth, who hath given to David the king a wise son, endued with discretion and understanding, that should build an house for the, and an house for his kingdom. And now I have sent a cunning man, endued with understanding, of Huram my father's, the son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father was a man of Tyre, 10. measures] Heb. cors. A cor was the same as a ḥomer = about 11 bushels. beaten wheat] 1 Kin. v. 11, wheat for food. The text is doubtful, and the phrase beaten wheat occurs nowhere else and is uncertain in meaning. of barley] The barley and wine are not mentioned in 1 Kin. v. 11; there wheat and oil only are mentioned. twenty thousand baths of oil] In 1 Kin. v. 11 (Heb.) twenty cors of pure oil. In liquid measure the bath = about 8-1/4 gallons. As ten baths went to a cor, the amount stated in Chron. is a hundred times as much as the amount given in 1 Kings. 11—16 [10—15, Heb.] (cp. 1 Kin. v. 7—9).&emsp; Like the preceding vv. 3—10, these verses show considerable variations from the parallel in Kings. 12. The sequence is greatly improved if this verse is read before ver. 11. Probably the transposition should be made. God of Israel] The Chronicler feels no incongruity in making Huram use the language of a worshipper of Jehovah. 13. I have sent] According to 1 Kin. vii. 13 Solomon himself sent and fetched Hiram the artificer. of Huram my father's] Render either lit. as mg., even Huram my father, or better, even Huram my trusted counsellor. Huram the king calls Huram the artificer my father as a title of honour. Cp. iv. 16. 14. of Dan] in 1 Kin. vii. 14, of Naphtali. The reading of Chron. may have arisen from Ex. xxxi. 6 (Oholiab one of the artificers of the tabernacle was of the tribe of Dan).	WIKI
How Sleep Affects Your Mental Health How Sleep Affects Your Mental Health How Sleep Affects Your Mental Health Ever wake up happy and energized after a night full of restless tossing and turning? No. That’s because only a great night’s sleep leads to a happy and energy filled day. Lack of good sleep causes you to be a total grump, dragging through the day with a lack of focus. That is just the start of all the problems lack of sleep can create for you physically and emotionally. The good news is when you do find that full night of restful sleep, the benefits are wonderful. Sleep, what is it good for? Sleep is good for absolutely everything. During sleep your brain repairs your body, physically and mentally. It is during sleep, in the deepest stages, that tissues grow and muscles relax and energy is restored. With about 7 hours of really good sleep, your body goes into fix-it mode. Sleep restores hormones, skin cells, liver functions, heart health, and more. It’s almost like you are a super hero with the power to regenerate, only on a much slower and realistic level. Okay, so it’s not like you are a super hero; but it is still pretty cool. Poor sleep is associated with a higher risk of mental illness that goes beyond the grumpiness you feel due to a hangover or from staying up too late binge watching The Walking Dead. The next day you will not only feel like a zombie star from The Walking Dead, you will look like one too. When you don’t get a good dose of sleep, your brain begins to function differently. It does so in a bad way. You can see it in your skin like when you have bags under your eyes because of tiredness. You can even see it in your behaviors, like how you yawn all day at work, fall asleep during the team meeting, or drink 25 cups of coffee because you need help in finding the energy to make it through the day. Lack of sleep can also be related to mental health disorders. Mental Illness Affects Sleep Not getting enough sleep does not necessarily lead to a mental illness. But, sleep problems are common among people suffering from depression, bipolar, anxiety, schizophrenia and attention deficit disorders. Sleep and mood are directly related. If you get a good night’s sleep, you wake up happy. If you get too little sleep, you wake up irritable. Sleep can enhance your mood, either positively or negatively. If you have been diagnosed with depression and you do not get proper sleep, your depression could become worse. If you have schizophrenia and lack sleep, this could affect the hallucinations you experience. It is very important for you to recognize your sleep patterns and if you feel you are not sleeping properly, take the time to make changes. Insomnia Insomnia is a symptom of substance abuse, mood, anxiety and psychiatric disorders. There are different types of insomnia. It’s important for you to determine if you have acute or chronic insomnia. Acute insomnia is short term while chronic insomnia last for a long time or is recurrent. There is also primary and secondary insomnia. Primary insomnia means you are having problems sleeping but those problems are not related to a health problem. Secondary insomnia is when your sleeping problems are related to a medical condition you may have such as asthma or heartburn. Insomnia can slow emotional processing making it hard for mental health treatments to work. This means recovery can take longer for people who are lacking sleep. For example, if you are a recovering addict, insomnia can make the recovery process more difficult and lead to relapse if not treated. It can also cause further damages. Damage of Sleep Deprivation Sleep deprivation effects are quite noticeable. There will be no mistaking it for something else. You will be moody, hungry, and irritable and have a hard time concentrating or staying focused on tasks. Every single thing will get on your nerves and you will find it hard to control your mood swings. Research has shown that a person losing even one night of sleep can be compared to that of a person who is legally intoxicated person. And yes, you can get pulled over by the cops for impaired driving due to lack of sleep. If you are driving erratically due to sleep deprivation, that may be considered reckless driving. Think about it, you could really hurt someone or yourself if you are driving while sleep deprived. Many news stories center on accidents that happened because a driver fell asleep at the wheel. There has been research studies done on people who go extended periods of time without sleeping. The longer someone goes without sleep, the more damage is done to that person’s physical and mental state. There have been some to report complete personality changes, from a happy personality to angry personality, and it did not change back to happy even after getting a good amount of sleep. Sleep deprivation can affect your work abilities also. What if you are an air traffic controller or a brain surgeon? You need to be the most alert you can be. Or what if you are the guy that watches over the safety button at the nuclear plant? You definitely need to be alert for that job. Once you figure out how to get good sleep, you will be able to easily implement such techniques into your life and quickly feel the effects of good sleep. How to Get Good Sleep There are many strategies you can use to ensure you get a good night’s sleep. Make sure you do not have a lot of distractions like the television or radio playing. Keep a structured routine. This will help your body get used to when it is supposed to wake up and fall asleep. Exercising during the day can help you rest better at night but should be done at least three hours before you go to bed. If for some reason you still can’t fall asleep, engage in a relaxing activity such as a warm bath or reading. Other strategies for good sleep include avoiding alcohol and caffeine. Also, don’t take naps late in the day and make sure you have a good sleep environment. If you are not having any luck solving your sleep problems after trying several of these techniques, it would be a good idea to meet with a counselor to help you figure out what is really wrong with your sleep patterns. Talking to a therapist may help you recognize any mental health issues that may be the true culprits to your restless nights. By working through issues related to your mental health, your sleep issues may fix themselves. Sleep is extremely important. Making sleep a priority in your life will lead to positive outcomes. So put yourself first and get some good rest!	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Arch4J 1.1 org.arch4j.generator Class GeneratorUtility java.lang.Object \| +--org.arch4j.generator.GeneratorUtility public class GeneratorUtility extends Object This class contains utility helper methods used by the code generators. Version: 1.0 Author: Ross E. Greinke Method Summary static String capitalizeVariableName(String variableName) Capitalize the given variable name. static String convertPackageToPath(String packageName) Convert the package name to a relative path name that can be used to create a file. static List convertStringListToTypeList(List stringList) Convert a list (possibly) containing String objects to a list containing JavaType objects. static String convertVariableToParameter(String variableName) Convert the variable name to a name that can be used as a formal parameter name. static int countLines(String multiLineText) Return the number of lines in the given multi-line text string. Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait Method Detail capitalizeVariableName public static String capitalizeVariableName(String variableName) Capitalize the given variable name. If the variable name is null or has zero length, the unmodified variable name is returned. Parameters: variableName - The variable name to capitalize. Returns: The capitalized variable name. convertVariableToParameter public static String convertVariableToParameter(String variableName) Convert the variable name to a name that can be used as a formal parameter name. The variable name is capitalized, then a or an is prepended to the name (depending on whether the variable name begins with a vowel or not). Parameters: variableName - The variable name to convert. Returns: The converted variable name. convertPackageToPath public static String convertPackageToPath(String packageName) Convert the package name to a relative path name that can be used to create a file. The System property file.separator is used. Parameters: packageName - The package name to convert. Returns: The converted path name. convertStringListToTypeList public static List convertStringListToTypeList(List stringList) Convert a list (possibly) containing String objects to a list containing JavaType objects. Parameters: stringList - The list of strings. Returns: The list of JavaType objects. countLines public static int countLines(String multiLineText) Return the number of lines in the given multi-line text string. The System property line.separator is used to distinguish lines. Basically, answer how many tokens are available if the string where to be tokenized with a StringTokenizer. Parameters: multiLineText - The text string to parse. Returns: The number of lines. Arch4J 1.1 Copyright © 2000-2004 SpiderLogic, a service of Wipfli Ullrich Bertelson LLP.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
FDIC Announces Start of Marketing Process for $33 Billion Commercial Real Estate Loan Portfolio of Former Signature Bank, New York. Source: [https://www.fdic.gov/news/press-releases/2023/pr23071.html](https://www.fdic.gov/news/press-releases/2023/pr23071.html) >Today, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) announced the start of a marketing process for the approximately $33 billion Commercial Real Estate (CRE) loan portfolio retained in receivership following the failure of Signature Bank, New York, New York. > >The majority of the CRE loan portfolio being marketed is comprised of multifamily properties, primarily located in New York City. A large portion (approximately $15 billion) of the CRE loans secured by multifamily residences are rent stabilized or rent controlled. The FDIC has a [statutory obligation](https://www.fdic.gov/regulations/laws/rules/1000-1220.html), among other factors, to maximize the preservation of the availability and affordability of residential real property for low- and moderate-income individuals. To support this obligation, the FDIC will place the rent stabilized or rent controlled loans in one or more joint ventures (JV) with the FDIC retaining a majority equity interest in the JV. In addition, the JV operating agreement will provide certain requirements that facilitate the financial and physical preservation of these loans and underlying collateral. > >While the FDIC will retain a majority equity interest in the JVs, the winning bidders, or partners, will act as the managing member of the joint venture and will be responsible for the management, servicing and ultimate disposition of the loans. The JV partner will be required to manage the portfolio in accordance with the JV operating agreement and be subject to stringent monitoring. > >For this subset of the portfolio, the FDIC engaged with New York City and New York State housing authorities and government agencies, as well as community-based organizations, to obtain their input and provide information on the FDIC’s efforts as the FDIC developed its marketing and disposition strategy. > >Marketing of the former Signature Bank’s CRE portfolio will take place over the next three months and the transactions are expected to be completed by year-end 2023. The FDIC has retained Newmark & Company Real Estate, Inc. (Newmark) as an advisor on this sale. During the marketing process, the FDIC and Newmark will conduct outreach to potential bidders on the qualification process. For general information about the FDIC’s asset sales program, visit the [FDIC’s website](https://www.fdic.gov/resources/resolutions/asset-sales/). > >This announcement is for information purposes only and does not constitute an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any loans or securities or any interest therein. # Wut Mean? # [“Other credit extensions”](https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h41/20230316/) should start to get smaller as the assets sold (I believe): https://preview.redd.it/b312ohpffhmb1.png?width=1811&format=png&auto=webp&s=539ba30fd44f1ae6ca10b3a7c81a8454bf49dd34 "Other credit extensions" includes loans that were extended to depository institutions established by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). The Federal Reserve Banks' loans to these depository institutions are secured by collateral and the FDIC provides repayment guarantees. For example, [$114 billion in face value Agency Mortgage Backed Securities, Collateralized Mortgage Obligations, and Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities about to be liquidated 'gradual and orderly' with the 'aim to minimize the potential for any adverse impact on market functioning' by BlackRock.](https://www.reddit.com/r/Superstonk/comments/12cxm2v/fdic_alert_114_billion_in_face_value_agency/) How I understand this works: * The FDIC created temporary banks to support the operations of the ones they have [taken over](https://www.fdic.gov/news/press-releases/2023/pr23018.html). * The FDIC did not have the money to operate these banks. * The Fed is providing that in the form of a loan via ["Other credit extensions"](https://www.reddit.com/r/Superstonk/comments/12axcug/fdic_alert_fdic_announced_the_framework_of_a/). * The FDIC is going [to sell](https://www.reddit.com/r/Superstonk/comments/12cxm2v/fdic_alert_114_billion_in_face_value_agency/) the taken over banks assets. * Whatever the difference between the sale of the assets and the ultimate loan number is, will be the amount split up amongst all the remaining banks and applied as a [special fee](https://www.reddit.com/r/Superstonk/comments/11pruzj/joint_statement_by_treasury_federal_reserve_and/) to make the Fed 'whole'. * It can be argued the consumer will ultimately end up paying for this as banks look to pass this cost on in some way. There has been an update on this piece back in May: >Whatever the difference between the sale of the assets and the ultimate loan number is, will be the amount split up amongst all the remaining banks and applied as a [special fee](https://www.reddit.com/r/Superstonk/comments/11pruzj/joint_statement_by_treasury_federal_reserve_and/) to make the Fed 'whole'. [FDIC Board of Directors Issues a Proposed Rule on Special Assessment Pursuant to Systemic Risk Determination of approximately $15.8 billion. It is estimated that a total of 113 banking organizations would be subject to the special assessment.](https://www.reddit.com/r/Superstonk/comments/13eutdr/fdic_board_of_directors_issues_a_proposed_rule_on/) # TLDRS: * FDIC Announces Start of Marketing Process for $33 Billion Commercial Real Estate Loan Portfolio of Former Signature Bank, New York. * Whatever the difference between the sale of the assets and the ultimate loan number is, will be the amount split up amongst all the remaining banks and applied as a [special fee](https://www.reddit.com/r/Superstonk/comments/11pruzj/joint_statement_by_treasury_federal_reserve_and/) to make the Fed 'whole'. * It can be argued the consumer will ultimately end up paying for this as banks look to pass this cost on in some way. https://preview.redd.it/mz0sdcfqfhmb1.png?width=610&format=png&auto=webp&s=7358adf59893ff08c99455d299cb393343e00da9	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
blob: 362b079e90c9144723795c2ed0d5c1670dae94ee [file] [log] [blame] ChangeLog See the ChangeLog file looking for lines taged with the word FIXME. COREFILE.C: The implementation of corefile.c (defined by corefile.h) isn't the best. It is intended to be functionaly correct rather than fast. One option being considered is to add a data cache to reduce the overhead of the most common case of data read/writes. VEA: Missing VEA system calls. ppc-instructions: Missing or commented out instructions. 64bit: 64bit target untested. 64bit host broken. For instance use of scanf "%x", &long long. hw_.c: Better and more devices. PORTABILITY: (Notes taken from Michael Meissner): Heavy use of the ## operator - fix using the clasic X//Y hack; Use of the signed keyword. In particular, signed char has no analogue in classic C (though most implementations of classic C use signed chars); Use of long long which restricts the target compiler to be GCC. TRACING: debug.c: Macro's should be extended to include: IS_TRACE: True if tracing enabled *TRACE_PREFIX: Outputs just the prefix line hw_trace.c: Flush, replace with a psim_set_tracing or some such program. CIA/NIA: Replace with functions to return/increment the CIA? SMP & GDB: GDB doesn't understand SMP! OVERALL STRUCTURE: A new file pstruct.h is to be created that contains a single flat data structure containing: pstruct { events; core; processor[nr_cpus]; monitor; devices; trace; } The CPU's structure, in turn would contain the VM sub structures. When SMP==0, everything would have PSTRUCT passed. In SMP mode, however, there are two choices: PSTRUCT + CPU_NR or PROCESSOR. I suspect the latter is better. It is believed that this would significantly improve performance (at the price of reduced control over object scope). IGEN: Igen at present can't do the following: o duplication is an all or nothing afair. It should be configurable according to the instruction or the sub-table. o Due to the naming, only a single generated simulator can be included in a program. IGEN should be able to generate multiple engines that can all be included in a program o handle alternate architectures. o Igen should support the generation of a disasembler and posibly an assembler. I suggest that the table be extended to include, for each instruction, additional lines describing the extual format of the instruction. One possible format is: "mtlr %RS":SPR.something "mtspr %SPR, %RS"	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
82nd Battalion, CEF The 82nd Battalion, CEF, was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War. The 82nd Battalion was authorized on 10 July 1915 and embarked for Britain on 20 May 1916, where it provided reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. On 18 July 1916, its personnel were absorbed by the 9th Reserve Battalion, CEF. The battalion was subsequently disbanded on 21 May 1917. The battalion recruited in and was mobilized at Calgary, Alberta. The battalion was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel William Arthur Lowry from 5 May 1916 to 18 July 1916. The battalion was awarded the battle honour. The perpetuation of the 82nd Battalion, CEF, was assigned in 1920 to the 4th Battalion, The Calgary Regiment. When this regiment was split in 1924, the perpetuation went to the 3rd Battalion, The Calgary Highlanders. The Calgary Highlanders continue to perpetuate the 82nd Battalion.	WIKI
Inger Thorngren Inger Marianne Thorngren (born 7 July 1943) is a Swedish former freestyle swimmer. She competed in two events at the 1960 Summer Olympics. Thorngren represented Upsala S.	WIKI
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2017 July 26 = July 26 = Feynman Lectures. Exercises. Exercise 9-16 JPG. Lecture 9 . . First there is a problem with question b). To find e.g. x(t4), we need v(t3 + 0.5Δt). To find v(t3 + 0.5Δt) we need a(t3). To find a(t3) we need v(t3). But we are asked to calculate steps with time interval Δt. Even with interval 0.5Δt the errors appear xlspng. Second, there are two functions that are similar with Excel graph x(t) : $$f_1(t) = -e^{-t}$$ and $$f_2(t) = -\tfrac{1}{t}$$. From different m and k, I see that when k=1 & m=2 max. x increases to 2 units, when k = 2 & m = 1 max. x decreases to 0.5 units. So equation must look like x = (m/k) f(t). By means of guessing, from eq. $$\tfrac{d^2}{dt^2}x = -\tfrac{k}{m}\tfrac{d}{dt}x$$, it seems that $$x = e^{-\tfrac{k}{m}t}$$ satisfies. Username160611000000 (talk) 10:17, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * It seems when I take double interval and arithmetical mean, I get increasing accuracy twice (during double time) : xls png . But it is not enough I think, as acceleration is changing with same rapidity as speed, and we maybe have to count this someway (maybe analogous formula 0.5at2 for distance) Username160611000000 (talk) 14:50, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * The numerical methods that Feynman is illustrating in section 9-6 and 9-7 are the Euler method and the midpoint method. For an interval of size h the local error in the Euler method is order O(h2) whereas the local error in the midpoint method is O(h3). Gandalf61 (talk) 15:54, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * So for Δt = 0.1 the midpoint method is 10 times more accurate than Euler's one. But it's impossible to use the midpoint method in this exercise . Username160611000000 (talk) 18:20, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * Combining the graph and the formula F = -kv, I think eq. of motion must be $$x(t) = - \tfrac{m}{k} v_o(e^{-\tfrac{k}{m}t} - 1)$$. Is it correct? Username160611000000 (talk) 18:12, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * Yes, that is the correct exact solution. If $$x(t) = - \tfrac{m}{k} v_0\left (e^{-\tfrac{k}{m}t} - 1\right )$$ then: * $$x(0) = 0$$ * $$v(t) = v_0e^{-\tfrac{k}{m}t} \Rightarrow v(0) = v_0$$ * $$a(t) = -\tfrac{k}{m}v(t) \Rightarrow F(t) = ma(t) = -kv(t)$$ * Gandalf61 (talk) 12:48, 27 July 2017 (UTC) * Gandalf61 (talk) 12:48, 27 July 2017 (UTC) * It seems that the simplest Euler method gives ( xlspng) much better accuracy than my attempt where I use v(t+ 2Δt) = v(t) + 2Δt a(t + Δt). I also noticed that if I calculate speed as v(t+Δt) = v(t) + Δt•a(t) + Δa•Δt•0.5, where Δa = (-k/m)Δv = (-k/m)Δt•a(t) , then the accuracy rises xlspng, but not as good as with Euler method. Username160611000000 (talk) 18:36, 27 July 2017 (UTC) * Can't solve a) question. It seems that Feynman is expecting a formula $$x'(t') = - v_o( e ^{-t'} - 1)$$. So we must have next relating formulas $$\text{sec'} = \tfrac{k}{m}\text{sec}$$ and $$\text{meter'} = \tfrac{m}{k} \text{meter}$$. But combining $$x'(t') = - v_o( e ^{-t'} - 1)$$ and $$x(t) = - \tfrac{m}{k} v_o(e^{-\tfrac{k}{m}t} - 1)$$ we can write $$x = \tfrac{m}{k} x'$$. It does not agree with $$\text{meter'} = \tfrac{m}{k} \text{meter}$$. Why? And also I am not sure should we convert $$v_o$$ and $$k$$ to different units. Username160611000000 (talk) 10:40, 30 July 2017 (UTC) * By plotting graphs of $$f_1(t) = - \tfrac{m}{k} v_o(e^{-\tfrac{k}{m}t} - 1)$$ and $$f_2(t) = - v_o( e ^{-t} - 1)$$ with arbitrary values of m,k,vo png, I found that for t = m/k sec, 2m/k sec etc. the function f1 possesses values (m/k) f2(1) , (m/k) f2(2). Therefore, it is possible to call m/k sec as 1 sec' and (m/k)f2(1) meters as f2(1) meters' or (m/k) meters = 1 meter'. Then, by calculating the pairs (x' ; t'), and having performed the inverse conversion, we get the correct pairs (x ; t ). I still can't understand next: e.g. in power $${-\tfrac{k}{m}t \text{sec}}$$ to eliminate the factor $$\tfrac{k}{m}$$ we should use a formula $${\tfrac{k}{m} \text{sec}} = \text{sec'}$$...Username160611000000 (talk) 16:03, 30 July 2017 (UTC) Where does this drop of water push down with a million-g force? Fun article at phys.org about Buller drops (Reginald Buller) that launch fungal spores. They show an artificial system in which one drop of water joins with another and launches it into the air. The energy comes from surface tension. However -- there also has to be conservation of momentum, action and reaction. They say that the force on the drop is actually "a million g's". Yet it looks like only a tiny part of the drop touches the substrate. It's as if there is a truss inside the thing that would put a skyscraper to shame, and I can't even tell where it presses down. Wnt (talk) 11:08, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * The force is small. g is an acceleration. When you divide a small thing (force) by a tiny thing (mass) the result (acceleration) can still be high. * One of my favourite books is It covers lots of this sort of thing about the fundamental and unavoidable scaling laws: why elephants can't jump (big things can't have legs strong enough), why fleas are so bad at jumping (when you're that light, jumping becomes so easy in comparison that fleas aren't actually that special) and why bees can't fly (at their scale the air is viscous enough to allow them to swim). Andy Dingley (talk) 11:27, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * I should have been more careful in my wording; yes, the force is a million g's times the mass of the drop. But that still implies that the drop can become, in a sense, one million times heavier than it normally is, yet it still does not wet or even deform to fit against the substrate! I suppose I am guilty of a scaling error in not appreciating that the force required to move a given volume drops per the square of scale, and I also don't know how small these drops really are. But it seems surprising that water drops could be so solid that they do not visibly react to the force. Also, I still don't actually know even which drop presses down. Wnt (talk) 12:53, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * Don't think about pressing down, it's done by pulling. * The spores are flat sided. That's energetically a poor shape for a surface (considering surface tension). Place a small drop alongside and lower than it, and the drop merges to the liquid layer covering the spore. The small radius sphere, and the constrained flat surface, are replaced by an energetically favoured larger radius. The attached drop CoG is pulled upwards by this shrinking surface. The overall effect is like one of those permanent magnet railguns (Youtube will have videos) where a magnet is accelerated by having others hit it from behind. By Newton there has to be a reaction force, but that's the spore pushing downwards, not the drop. Andy Dingley (talk) 14:20, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * The very nice video shows the water movement: you can see it first creep upward the spore (and it must push the spore downward meanwhile, but the spore just cannot go down because of the floor), then it continues to go up on its momentum, but pulling the spore upward with it. * 1 million g is impressive, you can get it by accelerating a thing from zero to 1m/s (not a tremendous speed) in less than 0.1 microsecond, and for a 1 microgram thing it does mean that it gets 1 million time heavier that it is, but it still just endure a 1gram weight force, which is not a trouble even for soft substance (just imagine a 1gram pin standing on its point: it wont break your skin, you have to push much harder for that) Gem fr (talk) 23:43, 26 July 2017 (UTC) Does quickly removing a plaster/band-aid/waxing strip result in quantifiably less pain than doing it more cautiously? Does quickly removing a plaster/band-aid/waxing strip result in quantifiably less pain than doing it more cautiously? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:26, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * No-one seems to agree with a single, simple reason, but there are plenty of contenders. * Anticipation (waiting to do it is worse than doing it), duration and mostly speed - there's a limit on how much pain you can notice per second. If you exceed that, you don't feel it as any worse than you would by doing it slowly, but it's certainly over more quickly. Andy Dingley (talk) 11:30, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * What does your own experience tell you? ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 11:30, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * To answer this question, it is important to know that the only accepted way of quantifying pain is by a subjective scale, for example, "On a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the worst pain you can imagine, how would you rate this?" There is no objective tool available for measuring pain levels. So the question basically comes down to whether people say the pain is less; and the answer is yes, most people do. Looie496 (talk) 13:40, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * There are a number of Pain scales for self-reporting. The Wikipedia article about Pain notes that fMRI brain scanning has been used to measure pain, giving good correlations with self-reported pain. Blooteuth (talk) 14:22, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * On my own tedious/hate/pain scale ripping ecg patches off is less annoying than tearing them off slowly. The most important thing is shaving before they are applied. Greglocock (talk) 14:37, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * Quantifiably? No. It's not that Looie is 100% correct in saying that we lack all ability to examine this question empirically; his comment refers to the fact that pain, like all sensation, is a type of qualia, which is to say that it is an experiential phenomena and not a physical one, and thus there are no metrics to measure or even qualify an "amount" of pain in a scientific sense. That said, there have been many, many studies which attempt to measure pain via proxies which we intuitively associate with it. The methodologies vary from self-reports, to physiological responses, to direct examination of the neural networks known to be associated with pain. However, none to my knowledge has ever looked at the much narrower issue of comparing the fast vs. slow methods of band-aid removal, so you are out of luck for even this weaker form of analysis. There has been much research and speculation about the element of anticipation (and more general, the effects upon pain of mental focus), but it's far too generalized to be of much use in answering the question at hand. S n o w let's rap 21:42, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * This assumption, " pain, like all sensation, is a type of qualia, which is to say that it is an experiential phenomena and not a physical one, and thus there are no metrics to measure or even qualify an "amount" of pain in a scientific sense" is based on a hidden and false dualistic premise. The hidden assumption is that there can be no physical explanation for the mental, but that simply represents our current state of ignorance, and a long tradition of assuming the soul is separate from the flesh as if we were ghosts trapped in zombies. * Vision expert Stephen E. Palmer has written on the phenomenon of reverse trichromacy (Color, consciousness, and the isomorphism constraint), where rare individuals have both red-green and green-red color blindness have the ability to distinguish all the hues normal trichromats do, but they see a very broad range of yellows with no unique focal yellow whereas their range of blues is extremely narrow. This is the opposite of normal trichromats, where pure yellow is unique, while a large portion of our color gamut is blue. This is a physically verifiable explanation for a difference in qualia. * It may be true that qualia can't be shared, but they are not inherently incomprehensible, just not yet understood. μηδείς (talk) 00:57, 27 July 2017 (UTC) * I've favored here a dualistic version of qualia based on causality violation, but even such a position is not inconsistent with physical explanations for every intermediate stage in sensation. And the general idea with pain scales is that even if qualia is unquantifiable, the way that people express reactions to qualia (such as rating on a scale of 1 to 10) is quantifiable in aggregate. Wnt (talk) 09:33, 27 July 2017 (UTC) * The issue is not that qualia are not quantifiable, it's that qualia are not transferable. That is, for the pain scale, a person can report their own pain as a "5" or a "2" on some pain scale, and for them that means something; but the physical thing causing the pain for one person to report a "5" is not consistent from person to person. Or for colors, for me red is always red, but I have no way of knowing that my red looks like your red. -- Jayron 32 10:46, 27 July 2017 (UTC) * actually, the "red" example is very good, and just disprove your point: color and sound (Musical note) are qualia for lay people (those who don't use precise technical instrument able to measure frequency), but they are transferable nonetheless. It is true that you have no way to be sure that your red (your B flat) is the same as mine, but you do know that when i tell you something is red (my red), it will be red (your red) for you, too. You'd be surprised how well qualia scale are transferable, when properly done (if they didn't, they wouldn't exist). Gem fr (talk) 12:22, 27 July 2017 (UTC) * Pain is actually more complex than other qualities such as color, because in addition to its basic sensory dimension, it also has an affective dimension: pain is intrinsically unpleasant. The affective dimension is at least partly independent of the sensory dimension -- for example, opiate drugs act to reduce the unpleasantness of pain without greatly altering its sensory quality. Ronald Melzack argued that pain actually has three basic dimensions, which he called sensory, affective, and cognitive-evaluative. Looie496 (talk) 14:06, 27 July 2017 (UTC) * There is some transferability in the sense that almost everybody agrees that getting kicked in the thigh isn't as bad as getting kicked in the nuts. So if you're marketing the Pocket Intimidator and you can point to a study where researchers hit a hundred people with it and most of them said "not quite as bad as getting kicked in the nuts", now you have something - and you can tell that it is sort of quantifiably less than the deluxe version that is "about the same as getting kicked in the nuts". Wnt (talk) 16:58, 27 July 2017 (UTC) * LOL. Gem fr (talk) 17:07, 27 July 2017 (UTC) * The problem is that my being kicked in the nuts may only be as painful to me as you getting kicked in the thigh is to you except there's no way to quantify such a difference; that is the comparison of pain between people is not possible in any way. I may be able to describe a pain as "getting kicked in the nuts" and you may imagine a pain fair worse, or far less painful, than I actually experience, and there's no way to know. It's the same with color; yes, when I describe red to you, we can consistently agree that red is red (in the same way that we all agree that genital injuries hurt more than muscular injuries), however there's no way to know that the way I experience red is the same as the way you experience red. That's the point of non-transferability, and it's a real problem with pain management; does a doctor prescribe powerful opioids because the pain is otherwise unmanageable for me, but open me up for a lifetime of brutal addiction, or do they prescribe less effective, but safer, pain killers because my pain would be manageable for me with them? -- Jayron 32 12:17, 28 July 2017 (UTC) * Also, -- Jayron 32 12:21, 28 July 2017 (UTC) * Your alleged problem is true of just everything (cars, food, chicks, etc. Everything), leading to solipsism. it is a philosophical problem, but not a practical one: we don't need to be sure that your red and mine, your pain and mine, are exactly the same, we just need to know that when i tell red you won't tell green, and pain (or any other personal feeling, for that matter) is just perfect for that, BECAUSE you have no way tell otherwise (while you could, regarding a red). So, if i say my pain is a 4 on a scale from 1 to 10, it is a 4, period. And the doctor can and will assign me the painkiller associated with 4, not the one associated with 8 (higher, but not necessary double : the pain scale is not supposed to be linear), or just don't ask (my dentist don't ask, she just prescribe the usual painkiller for toothache). Any difference in result to what is supposed to happen will be attributed to individual difference in sensibility to painkillers, and adjusted accordingly, as is done for every other medication (you know : the doctor prescribe a pill a day, then tells you to modulate up to a maximum of ... if this happens, or down if that). In hospital doctors even went to quite simpler: ensure a quite safe maximum dose regarding addiction and other possible side effects, and let the patient auto-shoot himself as need be, as experience shows that most of them inject themselves even smaller dose, for enough (not complete) pain relief. Gem fr (talk) 15:04, 28 July 2017 (UTC) * If it were so simple, we wouldn't have the problem with the Opioid epidemic in North America we have now; self medication only works a) with highly adjustable dosing and b) in a managed care environment where doctors could intervene if needed. Most people hooked on opioids started taking them under a doctors advice, were not well regulated (i.e. self-dosed as needed using pills rather than injectables), and switched to non-prescription opioids when their addiction worsened. While it would be simplistic to lay the complex causes of such a problem to a single antecedent, certainly part of the problem is that the treatment of pain is not as simple as "He called it a "4" so I can just give him X drug and it'll take care of itself the same way every time" -- Jayron 32 15:21, 28 July 2017 (UTC) * You cite a real problem - we are looking for a "standard candle" with pain, but how do we tell if the standard candle itself varies? But one can still make comparisons based on other outcomes. The most relevant article I can think of with this is Red hair, which summarizes some putative differences from the literature. It is, to be sure, not easy. But you can hand folks some whippets of nitrous and see how much they have to inhale before they stop complaining when you kick them in the nuts. (I really should look up how the scientific studies were done...) Wnt (talk) 20:15, 28 July 2017 (UTC) * Medeis, how on earth do you get "dualism" out of anything I said? The phenomena I described is one of the most pervasive and well-recognized issues in cognitive science (and ontology, theory of mind, and science broadly), known as the the hard problem of consciousness. It is widely accepted in the studies of neuroscience and cognitive psychology that no one, from ancient sophists through modern researchers with the most advanced contemporary technology and methodologies, has ever been able to explain how the experience of consciousness arises out of physical matter. Not only is that not dualism, it's the very definition of the diametric opposite of dualism. A dualist can always appeal to some mystic explanation, even if it is one that an empiricist can't accept. The hard problem is a problem for researchers specifically because of the assumption that consciousness should not be unique amongst observed phenomena in the universe in having no physical cause or explanation. You've got it completely backwards. Saying that we don't have the capacity (in terms of understanding, methodology, or even cognitive limitation) to quantify something, is not the same thing as appealing to the notion that it doesn't arise from physical matter. Utter nonsense. * There are many things that happen to be beyond the scope of our understanding--this happens to be chief amongst them, in terms of things humans have pondered for a long time and come up with very little to explain, but it's not in principle different from any other phenomena we lack the tools to explain or even properly define. The only caveat to that statement being that some cognitive scientists believe that the hard problem may be fundamentally different from even the most complex scientific problems involving the physical sciences because our brain evolved in a very specific context where it's perceptual and problem solving heuristics favour certain types of physical problems; put otherwise, we evolved in a context where spatial mechanics and principles of physical causality exerted adaptive pressure that gave us a cognitive array that could be leveraged to eventually understand certain kinds of complex questions regarding the nature of reality, while leaving us with blind spots with regard to certain aspects of our own basic reality vis-a-vis perception and cognition. * In other words, we may be smart enough to discover/infer the existence of subatomic particles ad-nauseum and still be destined to never understand why we perceive anything. Or more illustratively, we could capable of explaining every aspect of how the physiology of the sensory organs and our brains reacts to physical stimuli, and still not entirely understand how it gives rise to the experience of sensation. It's even entirely possible that we could stay in that state of ignorance forever, as a species. And there's absolutely no appeal to dualism, mysticism, or spirituality necessary to accept that basic status of this field of inquiry. * There's even a (completely feasible) theory that no "thinking thing" can ever be able to completely understand itself, because systems can only be described fully by another system of higher complexity. Take a neural net, for example; it can't define the parameters of all of its nodes at once, because some of them would be used in the very process, leading to confused results. Another, slightly larger net could define the relationships and firing status of every node in that smaller neural net at any given instant, but then that larger neural net would need yet another, even larger one to define it. It's a "turtles all the way up" kind of argument, with increasingly complex forms of consciousness, each of which is nevertheless, by definition, incapable of completely understanding itself. S n o w let's rap 01:08, 28 July 2017 (UTC) * Also, Medeis, your trichromacy example not only does not relate to your basic thesis, but actually reflects a fundamental confusion about the interplay of the phenomena here and how they are described in a scientific inquiry. Saying that a change in a physical mechanism involved in vision leads to an effect upon what is perceived is a trivial and obvious observation. Of course it does (assuming the difference is significant enough to not be filtered out by higher level processing in the visual cognition system); why on earth would anyone expect otherwise? Saying that changes to the physical system lead to a difference in perception get you not a bit closer to being able to explain the issue underlying the OP's question: namely how the experience of that colour arises from the physical matter that makes up the perceiving system. That's the entire reason we have the term "the hard problem"--to distinguish it from all other types of problems that arise from simply not knowing enough about the basic neurophysiological mechanisms. Some of these problems are not "easy" at all, and may take centuries more or concerted study with increasingly complex and precise techniques before we understand all of the biophysical and organizational properties of the brain that give rise to them. But they are still considered "easy" problems by comparison to the hard problem, which is considered so fundamentally difficult because it defies our capabilities to establish even the basics of how it (qualia) happens. S n o w let's rap 01:55, 28 July 2017 (UTC) * There's no answer because "more" and "less" are subjective. Firstly, there are two distinct components of pain - intensity and duration. People make their own individual judgements over which they prefer. Many make choices much more consequential than band-aids based on these tradeoffs. Some people will live with chronic pain rather than surgery/rehab and vice/versa. It' subjective when a choice is involved. --DHeyward (talk) 18:16, 27 July 2017 (UTC) * The point of the reversed red/green trichromacy issue is not one of transferability, but a physically verifiable proof (two genetic mutations) can be shown to disprove the notion that one's colors could be "reversed" without it being verifiable. It has long been said that it would not be possible to tell if one's colours (red/green; blue/yellow; white/black) could be reversed without notice. But examples of such people have been discovered. Imagine pure lemon yellow, and then try to imagine "pure" blue. Yellow is the supposed opposite of blue, but there are only really two off-yellow shades (greenish or whitish) yellow while there are many more shades of pure and off-blue. For reversed-trichromats this is reversed. This can be tested objectively both psychologically and genetically, which disproves the dualistic dichotomy between qualia and the physical is not ontologically primary. μηδείς (talk) 00:41, 28 July 2017 (UTC) * People may have skin of greater or lesser strength, but I have found that if I pull off Bandaid type bandages, adhesive tape, or other medical adhesive pads quickly rather than pulling them off slowly, they take the skin with them, leaving a raw patch of the underlying tissue. This is painful for a long time, takes days to heal, has a risk of infection, and leaves a scar.I have typical skin so far as I know. Edison (talk) 17:14, 28 July 2017 (UTC) * Threshold of pain and Pain tolerance. Akld guy (talk) 20:10, 28 July 2017 (UTC) * I always do this cautiously such that no hair is put under tension, I can free the hair from the plaster and I avoid feeling any pain :) . Count Iblis (talk) 11:49, 29 July 2017 (UTC) * Note that the qualia we experience should be understood as the computational state of the software implemented by the brain. Any changes in the hardware that would render the same computation would leave the person and his/her experiences invariant. E.g. simulating Snow Rise's brain in a virtual environment where he is discussing things with Medeis would render exactly the same experience that Snow Rise would have if that were happening in the real world, even though there is now no brain involved, just the running of an algorithm. Count Iblis (talk) 12:16, 29 July 2017 (UTC) * Just so. Of course, there is the question of the necessary complexity which the alternative hardware would have to achieve in order to perfectly emulate every last biophysical variable which is involved in defining any one state of a brain at any one moment in time. The virtualization would be many more orders complex than most people would probably assume, based on the apparently speedy developments in brain science over the last half century. It may in fact be impossible. However, even in your brain in a vat + scenario (+ because you are talking about not just simulating the stimuli, but also the system that processes it), note that it would still leave us facing the hard problem. We've just supplanted one physical medium (some kind of designed hardware) for another (the brain). It still leaves us with this fundamental question we have never been able to even so much as scratch the surface of: why do we have the subjective experience of consciousness arising out of systems that we can only scientifically/empirically describe in terms of stimuli-response and other physical properties? We assume that virtual Snow would experience those thoughts and feelings exactly as I do, but we no empirical methodology to ever prove it (or for that matter, to know if you and I actually see remotely the same thing even if we both are looking at it). We tend to treat the idea as silly or the product of narcissism, or delusion, or overly-wrought sophistry whenever someone poses the question "What if I'm the only "real" person who actually thinks, and everyone else is a philosophical zombie?". But (counter-intuitive as it seems) the truth is that, insofar as what thousands of years of concerted examination (and now modern scientific research) can supply, there's not a person who ever lived who could be proven wrong if they made that assumption. We're just used to living with the suggestion that the physical proxies we associate with consciousness (similar brain designs, and so forth) suggest that if one of us is a conscious thing, then most or all of us are too. But insofar as we have not established the causal relationship between qualia and physical processes, that's actually a scientifically invalid assumption, not withstanding the fact that, impressionistically, it feels right. S n o w let's rap 00:54, 30 July 2017 (UTC) * That's utter nonsense. The brain is not digital, does not run programs, is not itself mathematical, runs on no algorithms; there is no such evidence, and the notions contradict all we know about neurophysiology. Nerves and action potentials are not wires and currents. A simulation of consciousness is just as conscious as a simulation of a hurricane is wet. The brain is analog and dynamic in structure, and harmonic in function--it runs no programs. Any machine that could fully simulate a brain would be orders of magnitude more complex than a brain, just as any supposed machine that could run a simulation of the universe would be orders of magnitude more complex than the universe. Such fantasies explain nothing, they are as fruitful and naive as saying some guy with a beard on a throne in the sky created the universe. They simply beg the question in the literal sense of that phrase. μηδείς (talk) 01:13, 30 July 2017 (UTC) * Medeis, I suggest you read the link which CI included with his post, because I think you may have misread his point. Of course a brain is not analog; I don't see anything that the good Count said that would suggest it was. But with sufficient hardware, an analog machine absolutely can perfectly simulate a neural network (they've been doing that almost as long as we've had computers, as the term applies in general parlance). As you note (and as I went on about at length immediately above) the machine would have to immensely complicated (also in all likelihood, immense in physical size). Even at some speculative point of time far int he future where the human race is creating megastructures of astronomical proportions and other wonders, it could well prove to be a practical impossibility to create a machine capable of simulating a brain down to the atomic scale (which is what you would need to do in order to truly reflect all of the biophysical properties necessary to create an accurate model). * But that doesn't mean the speculation isn't useful. In fact, exactly the scenario CI proposes has been pondered by serious cognitive scientists for a long while. When you're dealing with phenomena that advance so far beyond the horizons of our technical ability to measure or even model, thought experiments are often one of the few tools which open the issues up to examination, however imperfectly. Scientists do this all the time with physics and cosmology, and I can assure you, it's not uncommon in cognitive psychology/theory of mind discussions between leading experts. Those experts find the discussion quite "fruitful", whatever your impressions as an enthusiastic amateur. And I can tell you this much for certain, your statement that "A simulation of consciousness is just as conscious as a simulation of a hurricane is wet." is about as unscientific as they come. In order for an empirical claim to have any kind of validity, it must be falsifiable, which your statement decidedly is not. * And the brain absolutely is mathematical, as is any physical system. It may not run all of its operations through straight forward arithmetic, but given sufficient time and processing, you could explain all of the activity of its constituent parts in mathematical terms (it is, afterall, a network of nodes, however complex it may be). There are in fact entire subfields of neuroscience devoted to analyzing the brain on exactly this level. Further, one of the leading modern theories of cognition is the computational model of the mind. S n o w let's rap 02:13, 30 July 2017 (UTC) * And since we're on the topic, you might be interested in Functionalism (philosophy of mind) and multiple realizability (particularly the details on functional isomorphism), because plenty of researchers believe that it's very much possible that you wouldn't even have to replicate an identical brain state to arrive the same mental state. I am agnostic as to this view, personally, neither convinced that it is likely nor that it can be disproven. But it remains a live debate. S n o w let's rap 02:38, 30 July 2017 (UTC) * I don't see much point in further argument. When you say the brain is mathematical because aspects of it can be measured mathematically that does not mean it works by sending numerical symbols or using mathematical equations. Computational models of the mind are very popular with non-biologists, but they lead to fallacies such as the Turing Test (which says nothing about the machine, just the gullibility of the interviewer). I am with Searle; the Chinese Room is not conscious. See also the homunculus argument. μηδείς (talk) 03:01, 30 July 2017(UTC) * No, your wild supposition (presented as knowledgeable insight) is again wrong; the computational model is in fact favoured by researchers working in biopsychology, and in evolutionary psychology in particular. In fact, it was most famously popularized by some of the leading figures of that field. Not the other way around, as you suggest. And you seem to be deeply confused by the superficial use of the word "computational" here. It does not in any way reflect the notion of a digital machine processing arithmetic logic; the theory merely postulates that the mind is interstitial phenomena produced by the brain processing input, and input does not need to be bussed into a system via symbolic logic or arithmetic calculation--a neural net is fully consistent with that theory (again, a very popular theory with researchers working on the biophysical side of things and less popular (traditionally) with those working from the analytic end of the spectrum, not the other way around). And...it has absolutely nothing at all to do with Turning tests... * Also, you were the one who raised the notion that the brain is "non-mathematical" which is a more or less nonsensical statement. I merely pointed out that it is as "mathematical" as any other physical system. Nobody here has suggested that it arises from arithmetic or symbolic logic, or that it is digital. Those are straw man arguments you have brought into the argument yourself, but in each case, the assertion itself does not support your larger conclusions. S n o w let's rap 06:14, 30 July 2017 (UTC) * We are well afield here, and neither of you can claim scientific justification. I think it is worth noting, however, that if a finite state machine can be conscious, and if all consciousnesses are finite state machines, then every possible sensation of every possible consciousness could be expressed as a program + data (not that object oriented programming even distinguishes these any more). Since any given computer memory state is essentially a large number, written in a special notation onto semiconductor circuits but conceivably encodable in many media with the same effect, it would seem that whatever conscious sensation a person has at this moment is in fact a number. Since all numbers exist, all possible patterns of sensation exist. Any "reality" these sensations would have would seem to be a matter of some function connecting one number to the next, which defines physical law(s) or memory or history or something. But what determines whether the function "really" exists? Do we now refer back and say that only matter toreally exists, and the function is only real because it is somehow encoded in matter? And the physical laws are defined not by your choice of function but by what function is chosen by a universe that can only be perceived as "real" because ... the numbers exist? There is something very circular about that; it seems like such a model practically demands that solipsism is the only reality. * My preference, therefore, is to suppose that consciousness is not a finite state machine; my hypothesis for why is that it does not follow laws of causality; and the experimental evidence, however difficult it is research, share, or prove, is that precognition is a genuine phenomenon, one which underlies all paranormal phenomena, including qualia and free will. I think that the advance knowledge of the immutable future causes paradoxes, and these paradoxes can either project into the future (free will) or into the past (qualia), acting as boundary conditions from which the specific content of the cosmos derives. Wnt (talk) 19:55, 30 July 2017 (UTC) Unidentified seashore life (San Diego) I saw this odd pink seaweed and these tiny shells on a kelp float at the beach yesterday. I haven't gotten a response on iNaturalist; does anyone here know what they are? 2602:306:321B:5970:D9:F312:FC8A:C37C (talk) 13:50, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * I'm not 100% certain, but I think the tiny shells are a type of Spirorbis worm. Even less certain about the "pink seaweed", but I suspect it's actually a piece of a coral colony, perhaps Leptogorgia chilensis? ---Sluzzelin talk * (OP) Spirorbis looks correct for the first one, and I looked up relatives of the coral you suggested and it seems plausible. Thanks! 2602:306:321B:5970:F947:D46C:8DE9:5D7F (talk) 17:13, 26 July 2017 (UTC) Novice magnifier question I've noticed that the more powerful a magnifier glass the smaller the lens is and the closer to the subject the lens has to be. Is there any way to overcome this? I need a free standing 10x strength magnifier similar to this but with a wider field of view and increased distance from the subject from 5cm tall to 15cm tall. Basically imagine the picture I linked but scaled three times bigger. I can't seem to find anything available with these specs. Is it impossible? * Hopefully a better answer is on the way but I think it might be possible with more than one lens. Loupes for medical professionals allow higher magnification and at an increase focal distance than any single lense I could find and I think it's enabled by the use of compound lenses. I'll be interested in the answers to your question also. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:36, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * There is no way. Magnifying glasses are typically placed at about their focal distance from the object. For 10x magnification the focal distance is 2.5 cm. Ruslik_ Zero 16:44, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * What you really need is something like an operating microscope or jewelry microscope -- but they aren't cheap. Looie496 (talk) 18:17, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * I like QuickTest in the UK (http://quicktest.co.uk) as an honest vendor of magnifiers. They sell a range, at a range of prices, and they're refreshingly open about the limitations of what you're buying at the cheap end - you have to love a vendor with a section called Do Not Buy. Some of their background articles are worth reading. * Eye relief is important for some tasks. It's easy to design a high magnification magnifier at the cost of shortening this eye relief, much harder to do so but still leave long relief. Andy Dingley (talk) 20:36, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * Forget about lenses - try a high resolution camera and a screen. Wymspen (talk) 20:48, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * If you need really high magnification, that can be a very good approach. Andy Dingley (talk) 21:05, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * You might consider a Fresnel lens. I'm not sure if it can do what you want, but they are quite different from simple lenses, so it may be possible. Note, however, that this type of lens does cause some distortion due to the sharp discontinuities on the lens. As you can see, the large size of the lens and distance from the subject may be in the range you want, but 10x might look rather distorted with a Fresnel (the example shown seems to be about 2x). They typically magnify less than that, except for when a blurry image is acceptable, as in magnifying a light. StuRat (talk) 23:54, 26 July 2017 (UTC) * i'll go for Wymspen advice, or, if this doesn't suits you, try to find some dusty Overhead projector (they use a fresnel lens, as suggested by StuRat) Gem fr (talk) 00:11, 27 July 2017 (UTC) * Overhead projector lenses are there as condensers, not imaging lenses. They can be used as magnifiers, but they tend to have very coarse lines and so give a lot of distortion. Andy Dingley (talk) 09:26, 27 July 2017 (UTC) Another mysterious San Diego sea creature What is this transparent, tubular, gelatinous thing? I think it's a pyrosome but I'm not certain. 2602:306:321B:5970:E590:A039:83E2:D9A9 (talk) 20:46, 26 July 2017 (UTC) Figured this out myself, it's a Corolla spectabilis pseudo conch. * If you're sure that's correct, would you care to upload/release it to Commons? We don't seem to have a reasonable picture ourselves. Matt Deres (talk) 14:51, 29 July 2017 (UTC)	WIKI
Josh Hardcastle Joshua Hardcastle (born 28 August 1992) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a or on the for Featherstone Rovers in the Betfred Championship. Background Hardcastle was born in Pontefract, West Yorkshire, England. Career Hardcastle was in the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats junior system and played in the Challenge Cup for the Featherstone Lions. He has also played in Australia for the Whitsunday Brahmans in an amateur Queensland competition. Hardcastle played for Featherstone in their 2021 Million Pound Game loss against Toulouse Olympique.	WIKI
After Delivery Postpartum anxiety: what is it and what are the symptoms? August 29 , 2019 Dr. Mariella Suleiman Mariella got her Medical Degree from the Hashemite University in Jordan....More After giving birth, many moms usually experience stressful thoughts and feelings about their newborns, and they become anxious to the extent that those feelings start to control their lives in a negative way We have heard a lot about Postpartum depression, but have you ever heard of another illness condition that is called “Postpartum anxiety”? Postpartum anxiety can occur by itself or alongside Postpartum Depression. The anxious thoughts can range from “did the baby get enough milk?” to “will the baby choke to death while sleeping?”. It can be very paralyzing and scary sometimes to not understand why such fearful thoughts arise and well as not being able to control or change them. So, how do we recognize Postpartum Anxiety? Symptoms include: • Excessive and constant worrying (mostly about the baby) • Racing thoughts • Constant feeling that something bad is going to happen • Inability to relax • Disturbed sleep/insomnia • Disturbed appetite • Fidgeting/pacing/inability to sit still • Physical symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, headaches, dizziness, nausea, tingling and numbness of the fingers and toes • Feeling unwell/tired It’s very important to exclude any medical illnesses, such as thyroid disease, which can arise in the postpartum period and present similarly. Furthermore, it’s very important to support the new mother with house chores and baby related activities because she easily feels overwhelmed and needs extra support. Taking breaks from feeding the baby by taking turns with someone can be very helpful as well as assuring that she gets enough sleep. It is also advised to go for a walk, do some exercise or other activities that helps the mom relax. Finally, it’s an illness that needs treatment. The treatment depends on the severity and patient preference. It includes talk therapy for behavioral changes to reduce anxiety and if the symptoms are severe, medications prescribed by a psychiatrist need to be added. The length of treatment depends on the severity of the illness. You can always get in contact with us on social media for questions and guidance on how to seek help.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Page:Life's Handicap - Kipling (1891).djvu/197 At the end of the narrative the silver cigarette-case was produced, and the last words that Hummil said as he fell back for the second time were, 'Put me quite to sleep; for if I'm caught I die,—I die!' 'Yes, yes; we all do that sooner or later, thank Heaven who has set a term to our miseries,' said Spurstow, settling the cushions under the head. 'It occurs to me that unless I drink something I shall go out before my time. I've stopped sweating, and—I wear a seventeen-inch collar.' He brewed himself scalding hot tea, which is an excellent remedy against heat-apoplexy if you take three or four cups of it in time. Then he watched the sleeper. 'A blind face that cries and can't wipe its eyes, a blind face that chases him down corridors! H'm! Decidedly, Hummil ought to go on leave as soon as possible; and, sane or otherwise, he undoubtedly did rowel himself most cruelly. Well, Heaven send us understanding!' At mid-day Hummil rose, with an evil taste in his mouth, but an unclouded eye and a joyful heart. 'I was pretty bad last night, wasn't I?' said he. 'I have seen healthier men. You must have had a touch of the sun. Look here: if I write you a swinging medical certificate, will you apply for leave on the spot?' 'No.' 'Why not? You want it.' 'Yes, but I can hold on till the weather's a little cooler.' 'Why should you, if you can get relieved on the spot?' 'Burkett is the only man who could be sent; and he's a born fool.' 'Oh, never mind about the line. You aren't so important as all that. Wire for leave, if necessary.'	WIKI
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/748 10. 730 INDEX TO THE STATUTES. Railway— cont. 3. Xefulatton — cont. (a.) Traffic — cont. v ' M f 5 & 6 Vict. c. 55. a. 20. m ._, - , 7 & 8 Vict. c. 85. e. 12. Conveyance of military, naval, and reserve forces, and J jg & ^ y ict c g 9 s j 8 P olice J 26&27 Vict.'c! 12. L30&31 Vict. c. 110. s. 16. „ of mails. See Post Office, 3. „ of ammunition (see also Dangerous Goods; 7 « a v . . ^ i4> Explosive Substances) - - _ J 7 & 8 let. c. 85. s. 12. „ of animals. See Animals. „ of dangerous goods. See Dangerous Goods ; Explosive Substances. Rates on two railways worked by one company - - 31 & 32 Vict. c. 119. s. 18. Lists of tolls to be exhibited - (E. I.) 8 & 9 Vict. c. 20. s. 93. Book of rates to be kept - - - - - 36 & 37 Vict. c. 48. s. 14. Lists of fores to be exhibited - - - - 31 & 32 Vict. c. 119. s. 15. Particulars of charges, distinguishing charges for terminals - 31 & 32 Vict. c. 119. s. 17. Sixing of charges for terminals by Railway Commissioners - 36 & 37 Vict. c. 48. s. 15. Returns of tolls, &c. to Board of Trade. See below, (d). Revision of tolls, and option of purchase by Govern- - & g y ict c 85 8S \| ^_ 5 ment, when dividend 10 per cent. - - - / ...... Tolls on railways under Construction Facilities Act - 27 & 28 Vict. c. 121. ss. 49, 50. f 7 & 8 Vict. c. 85. ss. 6-10. Cheap trains 21 & 22 Vict. c. 75. ^ L26&27Vict. c. 33. s. 14. J. j i. u-r.- c f(E. I.) 8 & 9 Vict. c. 20. ss. 86-104. Powers, duties, and liabilities of company as car- I 17 & 18 Vict. c. 31. riers and takers of tolls (see alsol 31 & 32 Vict. c. 119 Carrier) - - - [ 36 & 37 Vict. c. 48* as to (roods carried in vessels not belonging to company - 34 & 35 Vict. c. 7S. s. 12. Working of steam vessels by company - - - 31 & 32 Vict. c. 119. s. 16 Use of railway by other persons .... (E. I.) 8 & 9 Vict. c. 20. Dutv of company to afford facilities for traffic of other com- / 17 & 18 Vict. c. 31. panies - - - - . - - - - 36 & 37 Vict. c. 48. Working agreements between companies. See above, 1 (c). Canals in relation to railways. See Canal. Vessels not to be unnecessarily detained at bridges - - 26 & 27 Vict. c. 92. s. 15. Carriages, weight, &c. of 5 & 6 Vict. c. 55. s. 16. - f 7 & 8 Vict. c. 85. and engines, construction of - - 1 (E i.) 8 & 9 yict. c. 20. ss. 1 14-125. Consumption of smoke by engine. See Smoke. Smoking compartments to be provided - - - 31 & 32 Vict. c. 119. s. 20. Trains not to be provided for prize fights - - - 31 & 32 Vict. c. 119. s. 21. Communication between passengers and guards - - 31 & 32 Vict. c. 119. s. 22. Milestones along railway - - - - (E. I.) 8 & 9 Vict. c. 20. ss. 94, 95. (b.) Byelaws. Under Companies Clauses Acts. See Company, 3. Under Railways Clauses Acts - - (E. I.) 8 & 9 Vict. c. 20. ss. 76, 108-1 11. m .. / 1 &2 Vict. c. 98. s. 11. For regulating use of railway - - - " & 4 Vict. c. 97. ss. 7-10. For steam vessels worked by railway - - - - 26 & 27 Vict. c. 92. Of dissolved companies, enforceable by amalgamated company - 26 & 27 Vict. c. 92. Notice of to, and investigation of by, Board of Trade - 34 & 35 Vict. c. 78. ss. 6-8. Assessment of compensation for, by arbitrator appointed ^ & 32 Vict c 119 s 25 by Board of Trade - - - - -J Order for medical examination of person injured by - 31 & 32 Vict. c. 119. s. 2S. Inquest, return by coroner after. 1 gw CoRONER> a ( a ). „ assessor at. J (d.) Board of Trade. # . 1iJlctru C4 Transfer to, of powers of Commissioners of Railways - - 14 & 15 Vict. c. 04. Powers of, as to abandonment. See above, 2 (d). „ as to accidents. See above, 2 (c). „ as to accounts. See above, 1 (b). „ as to arbitration. See below, 5. „ as to deviations. See above, 2 (b). „ as to engineering works. See above, 2 (6). * r 26 & 27 Vict. c. 92 * L 36 & 37 Vict. c. 48. s. 10	WIKI
Philip Livingston Philip Livingston (January 15, 1716 – June 12, 1778) was an American Founding Father, merchant, politician, and slave trader from New York City. He represented New York at the October 1774 First Continental Congress, where he favored imposing economic sanctions upon Great Britain as a way of pressuring the British Parliament to repeal the Intolerable Acts. Livingston was also a delegate to the Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1778, and signed the Declaration of Independence. Early life Livingston was born in Albany, New York, on January 15, 1716, the fourth surviving son of Philip Livingston (1686–1749), 2nd Lord of the Manor, and Catherine Van Gogh Livingston, the daughter of New York Mayor Pieter Van Brugh. Along with his brother, William Livingston (1723–1790), he grew up in the Albany area, dividing his time between his father's Albany townhouse and the manor house in Linlithgo, at the junction of the Roeliff Jansen Kill and the Hudson River. Mercantile career Livingston graduated from Yale College in 1737 and returned to Albany to undergo a mercantile apprenticeship under his father. Through his father's influence, he obtained clerkships in Albany's municipal government. Livingston subsequently moved to New York City and pursued a career in the import business, trading with the British West Indies. During King George's War, Livingston made a fortune provisioning British forces and engaging in privateering. He also speculated heavily in real estate and the slave trade, financing at least fifteen slave-trading voyages, which transported hundreds of enslaved Africans to New York. He purchased a stone townhouse on Duke Street, Manhattan, a forty-acre estate in Brooklyn Heights and personally owned several slaves, one of whom ran away in November 1752; Livingston published advertisements in several city newspapers, including the New-York Mercury and New-York Gazette, offering a reward for his recapture. He also served as an alderman of the East Ward from 1754 to 1762. Livingston also became involved in the establishment of King's College and helped to organize the New York Society Library in 1754. In 1756 he was president and founding member of the St. Andrew's Society, New York's first benevolent organization, and he founded New York City's first chamber of commerce in 1768. Livingston was also one of the first governors of New York Hospital. Politics In 1754, Livingston went as a delegate to the Albany Congress. There, he joined delegates from several other colonies to negotiate with Indigenous nations and discuss common plans for dealing with the French and Indian War. Livingston became an active promoter of efforts to raise and fund troops for the war. According to Cynthia A. Kiemer, he owned shares in six privateers, making him one of the colony's leading investors. He served as a member of the provincial house of representatives from 1763 to 1769 and in 1768 served as speaker. In October 1765, he attended the Stamp Act Congress, which produced the first formal protest to the Crown as a prelude to the American Revolution. He joined New York City's Committee of Correspondence to continue communication with leaders in the other colonies, and New York City's Committee of Sixty. When New York established the New York Provincial Congress in 1775, he was named its president. He was selected as one of the delegates to the Continental Congress. His brother William, a prominent lawyer in New Jersey, was also a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to June 1776. In July 1775, Philip signed the Olive Branch Petition, a final attempt to achieve an understanding with the Crown. When the British occupied New York City, Philip and his family fled to Kingston, New York, where he maintained another residence. During this time, his abandoned slaves "may have sought their freedom in enemy-occupied Manhattan, where the British offered freedom to any black Americans willing to aid them in stamping down the American 'rebellion.'" After the Battle of Long Island, General George Washington and his officers met at Philip's residence in Brooklyn Heights and decided to evacuate the island. The British subsequently used Philip's Duke Street home as a barracks and his Brooklyn Heights residence as a Royal Navy hospital. After the adoption of the new New York State Constitution, he was appointed to the New York State Senate southern district in 1777, while continuing to sit in the Continental Congress. Livingston suffered from dropsy, and his health deteriorated in 1778. Personal life On April 14, 1740, he married Christina Ten Broeck (1718–1801), daughter of Dirck Ten Broeck (1686–1751) and Margarita Cuyler (1682–1783). Christina was the sister of Albany Mayor Abraham Ten Broeck and the great-granddaughter of Albany Mayor Dirck Wesselse Ten Broeck (1638–1717), through her maternal grandfather, Wessel Ten Broeck (1664–1747). Together, Philip and Christina had nine children: * Philip Philip Livingston (1741–1787), who married Sara Johnson (1749–1802) * Dirck "Richard" Livingston (b. 1743), who died unmarried. * Catherine Livingston (1745–1810), who married Stephen van Rensselaer II (1742–1769) in 1764. After his death, she married Eilardus Westerlo (1738–1790) in 1775. * Margaret Livingston (1747–1830), who married Dr. Thomas Jones (1733–1794) of New York. * Peter Van Brugh Livingston (b. 1751), who died unmarried. * Sarah Livingston (1752–1814), who married Rev. John Henry Livingston (1746–1825), her second cousin. * John Abraham Livingston (1754-1782), who served as commissary to the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War and who died unmarried in Charleston, South Carolina. * Alida Livingston (b. 1757), who died unmarried. * Henry Philip Livingston (b. 1760), a captain in General Washington's Life Guard, who died unmarried. Death Livingston died suddenly while attending the sixth session of Congress in York, Pennsylvania, and is buried in the Prospect Hill Cemetery there. Livingston was a Presbyterian and a Mason. When Livingston died, his estate was insufficient to meet his debts, and his executors renounced the administration of the estate. On February 25, 1785, the New York Legislature passed an act, entitled An Act for vesting the Estate of Philip Livingston, late of the City of New-York, Esquire, deceased, in Trustees for the Payment of his Debts, and other Purposes therein mentioned, which named as trustees his son and heir, Philip Philip Livingston, Isaac Roosevelt, and Robert C. Livingston, his nephew who was a son of Robert Livingston, 3rd Lord of the Manor. The trustees were responsible for administering Livingston's "property, pay all debts, and discharge the pecuniary legacies." After his son's death in 1788, Rev. John Henry Livingston, Thomas Jones, both his sons-in-law, Henry Brockholst Livingston, his nephew, and Alexander Hamilton were appointed the executors of his will. Descendants Through his son Philip, the only of his sons to have children, he was the grandfather of Philip Henry Livingston (1769–1831) and Edward Philip Livingston (1779–1843), the Lieutenant Governor of New York. Through Philip Henry, he was the great-grandfather of Edward Livingston (1796–1840), Speaker of the New York State Assembly. His granddaughter, Christina Livingston, married John Navarre Macomb (1774–1810), the son of Alexander Macomb (1748–1831) and brother of Maj. Gen. Alexander Macomb (1782–1841). Through his daughter Catherine, he was the grandfather of Stephen Van Rensselaer III (1764–1839), the patroon of Rensselaerswyck, Philip S. Van Rensselaer (1767–1824), the Mayor of Albany, Rensselaer Westerlo (1776–1851), a U.S. Representative, and Catharine Westerlo (1778–1846), who married John Woodworth, the New York State Attorney General. Legacy Livingston Avenue and the former Philip Livingston Magnet Academy, both in Albany, New York, are named for him. A public school in Brooklyn, PS 261 in Boerum Hill, used to be named for him, but the name was changed in 2022 to the Zipporiah Mills School, to honor the memory of a beloved and influential former principal at the school.	WIKI
Banda del Río Salí Banda del Río Salí is a city in the Tucumán Province, Argentina. It is the department seat and the largest and most populated city in the Cruz Alta Department. The 2010 Census counted a population of 63,226. The city is part of the Greater San Miguel de Tucumán area and its largest employer is the Concepción Sugar Mill, the only remaining such facility after Pres. Juan Carlos Onganía had the state-owned Lastenia Mill closed in 1966.	WIKI
Voluntary Health Scotland Voluntary Health Scotland (VHS) is the national voice, intermediary and network for voluntary health organisations in Scotland. It works with its members and others to address health inequalities and to create better health and well being for people and communities. VHS acts as a bridge between the third sector, decision makers and public services, in Healthcare in Scotland working to influence change in policy and practice. VHS activities include a monthly newsletter, seminars, round tables, conferences, learning exchanges, research and policy work. VHS is a non-profit making organisation governed by its Board of Trustees. It is a registered Scottish charity (number SC035482) and a company limited by guarantee(number SC267315). Scotland's voluntary health sector includes: Voluntary sector providers of health and social care services; voluntary organisations that carry out research, advocate and/or campaign on specific health issues, conditions and disabilities; community-led organisations that promote and support health improvement and healthy living at a local level; and volunteer-led and user-led support groups of people with shared health conditions and/or interests. VHS full members include registered charities, voluntary and community organisations, and social enterprises. Its associate members are individuals that support the aims of the organisation.	WIKI
Coffin Block Building The Coffin Block Building at Front and Church streets was the first flatiron building in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The 3-storey Georgian structure was built some time before 1838 (based on a Bartlett print of the building drawn in 1838) and in 1845 became an annex to The Wellington hotel on Church Street. The basement housed the office of the William Weller (of Cobourg) Stagecoach Company from 1830 to 1835. William Weller operated the east/west Stagecoach line operating from Eastern Ontario to Hamilton area. In 1832, William bought the north/south Stagecoach line from John Playter of Richmond Hill. William operated the north/south Stagecoach line until 1840, when he sold it to Charles P.Thompson of Summerhill, who operated a Steamship service on Lake Simcoe and needed a means to move his ship passengers south to York (Toronto) The stage coach office at the apex of the building was added later. A business under the name J.M. McCuaig was located in the building as well. The M & L Samuel Company (now Samuel, Son & Co.) were based out of the building from 1855 until 1881. The unique shape of the building was due to the intersecting roads of Front Street and Wellington Street at Church Street. The building is also seen in a Bartlett print, "Fish Market", from 1839 to 1842. Further research dates it to the early 1830s. In the 1890s, it was replaced with the Gooderhams' Flatiron Building.	WIKI
Adolfo Natalini Adolfo Natalini (10 May 1941 – 23 January 2020) was an Italian architect. Biography Natalini founded the architectural company Superstudio in 1966 along with Cristiano Toraldo di Francia, Gian Piero Frassinelli, Alessandro and Roberto Magris, and Alessandro Poli. At the end of the 1970s, Natalini became a member of the Architectural School of Pistoia with Roberto Barni, Umberto Buscioni, and Gianni Ruffi. He was one of the pioneers of the radical architettura movement of the 1960s and 70s. During this period, Natalini focused on projects in Italy and other parts of Europe. Natalini served as a professor of architecture at the University of Florence. He was an honorary member of the Association of German Architects, the Honorary Fellowship of the American Institute of Architects, the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno, the Accademia di Belle Arti di Carrara, and the Accademia di San Luca. Some of his projects include the Römerberg in Frankfurt, the Western Wall in Jerusalem, the Bank of Alzate Brianza, the Zola Predosa Power Center, and the Saalgasse House in Frankfurt. Natalini's works in Florence include the Teatro della Compagnia and the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo. Adolfo Natalini died on 23 January 2020 at the age of 78.	WIKI
User:Nightfire0wns Most people know me as Nightfire0wns but my real name is Kimson and i am a proud member of E.H.P. Go to discussions if you would like to know what E.H.P is. I am 13 Years of age and i am male. Visit my Youtube channel if you like to watch funny, talented, and gaming video's. Xbox Live: Nightfire0wns Playstation: TKBNightfire Youtube: Megacyyz My Soundtrack www(dot)4shared(dot)com/dir/znSUDfIw/sharing.html	WIKI
The Energy 202: Trump administration scales back protections on streams and wetlands THE LIGHTBULB The Trump administration just put its finishing touches on a new policy scaling back which waterways fall under federal protection, a move long called for by rural landowners and businesses but one vehemently opposed by nearly every environmental group in the country. The final rule, issued by the Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on Thursday, represents the culmination of a three-year push by the Trump administration to reverse an Obama-era rule giving federal regulators much broader authority to curb water pollution. It is part of a larger effort to rewrite or repeal dozens of environmental regulations issued under the last administration. And it hands a major policy win for farmers, construction firms, and oil and gas companies, just as the president braces for a bruising reelection campaign and weathers an impeachment trial in the Senate in Washington. Speaking at the National Association of Home Builders International Builders’ Show in Las Vegas, EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler reassured the audience that the new rule will end the practice “of having to hire teams of attorneys to tell people how to use their own land" when trying to comply with clean water regulations. “At EPA we are not regulating for the sake of regulating,” he said. An array of Republican office holders, as well as business leaders, hailed the move. Senate Environment and Public Works Committee Chairman John Barrasso (R-Wyo.) said the Obama era rule “inserted Washington into local decision making” and “put unfair restrictions on how farmers, ranchers, and landowners could use their property.” But President Trump's critics contend that the narrower interpretation will mean waterways once protected under the 2015 rule could become dumping grounds for farmers or building sites for developers that will undermine water quality well beyond those sites. “By removing federal clean water protection from millions of miles of streams and more than half of the nation’s wetlands, this rule will result in more pollution, dirtier water, less certainty and higher costs for everyone except the upstream polluters the Trump Administration wants to protect," said Sen. Thomas R. Carper (Del.), the top Democrat on the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, in a statement. “It breaks the law and ignores the basic science that tells us our waterways are critically interconnected," he added. The 1972 Clean Water Act made it illegal to pollute so-called navigable waters without a permit. But what constitutes such waterways has been the question regulators, lobbyists, judges and members of Congress have wrestled over for decades. The Trump administration's new rule, which goes into effect in two months, seeks to resolve the issue by writing a new definition of navigable waters: No longer covered under the law are streams that only flow when it rains. Also exempt are most wetlands separated from other larger bodies of water. For example, among the waters that will no longer fall under federal jurisdiction are the wetlands along the Ashley River in South Carolina, according to Geoff Gisler, who runs the clean water program at the Southern Environmental Law Center. “Right now, that particular area of the watershed is facing pressures from developers that want to build over streams and wetlands," Gisler said. "This new rule from the Trump administration allows those builders to both pollute and fill in valuable wetlands.” In a draft report released last month, a group of EPA’s independent science advisers cautioned that the rollback “neglects established science” that shows how contamination of groundwater, wetlands and waterways can spread to drinking water supplies. The Obama administration sought to expand the reach of the Clean Water Act over ponds, streams, wetlands and ditches that feed into larger bodies of water in order to preserve swaths of wetlands crucial for providing habitat for animals and protecting drink-water supplies. But several Republican-controlled states, led by former former Oklahoma attorney general Scott Pruitt, sued the Obama administration for what they say as an illegal federal overreach that unnecessarily burdened businesses. The courts ultimately had blocked the rule in 28 states before its repeal. Pruitt would go on to serve as Trump’s first EPA administrator before being succeeding by Wheeler in 2018 Noting that the Obama administration claimed its rule was about protecting water, Wheeler said Thursday: “But it was really about power. Power in the hands of the federal government, over homebuilders and developers.” So just how many waterways will be impacted by the new rule? In his remarks in Las Vegas, Wheeler said that the agency did not know exactly how many miles of streams or acres of wetlands will be excluded from federal protection — and that any estimates activists provide are inaccurate. Jon Devine, a water policy expert at the Natural Resources Defense Council, said that lack of data “raises the question: If you don’t know what the rule is going to do, why the heck are you doing it?” An internal EPA analysis from 2017, obtained by the publication E&E News, does suggest an answer: Nearly a fifth of all streams and more than half of all wetland acreage will no longer be protected by federal regulators under the new rule, according to the report. Juliet Eilperin contributed to this report. — The exodus of federal scientists under Trump: Hundreds of scientists have been pushed out of the federal government, sidelined or muted since the beginning of Trump’s tenure. The mass departures have been “fueled broadly by administration policies that have diminished the role of science as well as more specific steps, such as the relocation of agencies away from the nation’s capital,” The Washington Post’s Annie Gowen, Juliet Eilperin, Ben Guarino and Andrew Ba Tran report. “While the administration has come under fire for prioritizing the concerns of industry at the expense of science in government decisions, the cumulative effects are just beginning to appear after four years of Trump in the White House.” — More Trump officials are taking jabs at Greta Thunberg: Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin mocked the Swedish climate activist during a news conference at the World Economic forum in Davos, Switzerland, suggesting the teenager should go to college and study economics before making recommendations to global leaders. My gap year ends in August, but it doesn’t take a college degree in economics to realise that our remaining 1,5° carbon budget and ongoing fossil fuel subsidies and investments don’t add up. 1/3 pic.twitter.com/1virpuOyYG — Angela Merkel says addressing climate “could become a question of survival”: In a speech in Davos, the German chancellor said there’s pressure for world leaders to take climate action because the “question of being able to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement could become a question of survival.” She urged leaders to help move Europe to “climate neutral” by 2050. — FERC commissioner McNamee announces exit: Bernard McNamee, a Republican member of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, unexpectedly announced he won’t seek another term after his tenure ends June 30. “McNamee, who joined FERC in December 2018 after a stint in the U.S. Department of Energy, said he needs to take a break from D.C. government work in order to spend more time with his family,” Law 360 reports. — EPA docs don’t support Wheeler’s climate claim: The EPA didn't provide evidence to back a claim from Wheeler that “most of the threats from climate change are 50 to 75 years out.” He made the comments during a CBS interview last year, prompting environmental group Sierra Club to submit a Freedom of Information Act request and file a lawsuit to push the agency to hand over any documents or research that support Wheeler’s statement, the Hill reports. — More on the disappearance of a well-known advocate for monarch butterflies: Homero Gómez González, an advocate at the forefront of the battle to protect against illegal logging in North America’s premier monarch butterfly habitat, disappeared last week. That was a month after he met with The Post’s Kevin Sieff. “By the time we met, he thought that he had prevailed — and he spent as much time as he could with the butterflies he had helped save, a thundering, broad-shouldered man in a cloud of orange and black monarchs,” Sieff writes. — U.S. firefighters killed in air tanker crash amid Australia fires: Three U.S. fire crew members died while battling the ongoing fires in southeastern Australia after their California-based air tanker crashed, the Los Angeles Times reports.The three crew members were of Great Falls, Mont., Buckeye, Ariz. and Navarre, Fla. "We extend our sincere condolences to the families of the crew, their friends and loved ones, and our own CAL FIRE family who worked, fought fires, and trained with the crew of Tanker 134,” California Gov. Gavin Newsom (D) said in a statement. — The Doomsday Clock is closer to midnight: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is moving the Doomsday Clock to 100 seconds to midnight, the symbolic hour that marks the end of the world. It’s the first time in 70 years that the clock has passed the two-minute mark, underlining the growing risk of nuclear war, climate change and disinformation, The Post’s Hannah Knowles and Abby Ohlheiser write. Today — The first sunrise in 65 days: The sun was set to make a brief appearance in Utqiagvik, Alaska, on Thursday afternoon, the first time the sun rose there in 65 days. "The city, home to about 4,500, has been in the nonstop dark of 'polar night' since Nov. 19," The Washington Post's Matthew Cappucci writes.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
GCS Cars GCS (Gary Colin Specialist) Cars traded initially from Orpington in Kent, UK and produced the Hawke. Although similar to the Burlington SS in some respects, the GCS Hawke was developed completely independently by the partners in GCS Cars with considerably different dimensions overall. The Dorian/Burlington was designed to fit on a Triumph chassis, although Dorian later developed a chassis that it is believed was using Escort parts. The GCS Hawke was designed to fit on a ladder-frame chassis to accept Cortina/Sierra parts. This led to the bodyshell and wings being considerably wider than the original Dorian/Burlington car. It is an open two seater modelled fairly closely, but differently enough, on the Morgan. Whereas the Burlington body tub was constructed of glass-fibre, wood and aluminium, the Hawke has a one-piece GRP bodyshell with integral floor. It can take a variety of engines from Ford and the V8 Rover. The company was founded by Garry Hutton and Collin Puttock. The company was eventually sold to Tiger Racing but then sold to LCD (LC Developments Ltd founded in 2003 by Richard John Laking and Paul John Chapman) who currently both manufacture the car and supply the car as a kit.	WIKI
super-sleeper Noun * 1) One who is particularly good at falling asleep. * 2) An extremely efficient sleeper who does not require much sleep. * 3) A luxury vehicle that allows passengers to sleep. * 4) A high-performance car that has an unassuming appearance. * 5) Someone or something that does not seem very impressive at first but that goes on to become a star. * 1) An extremely efficient sleeper who does not require much sleep. * 2) A luxury vehicle that allows passengers to sleep. * 3) A high-performance car that has an unassuming appearance. * 4) Someone or something that does not seem very impressive at first but that goes on to become a star. * 1) A luxury vehicle that allows passengers to sleep. * 2) A high-performance car that has an unassuming appearance. * 3) Someone or something that does not seem very impressive at first but that goes on to become a star. * 1) A luxury vehicle that allows passengers to sleep. * 2) A high-performance car that has an unassuming appearance. * 3) Someone or something that does not seem very impressive at first but that goes on to become a star. * 1) A high-performance car that has an unassuming appearance. * 2) Someone or something that does not seem very impressive at first but that goes on to become a star. * 1) Someone or something that does not seem very impressive at first but that goes on to become a star. * 1) Someone or something that does not seem very impressive at first but that goes on to become a star. * 1) Someone or something that does not seem very impressive at first but that goes on to become a star. * 1) Someone or something that does not seem very impressive at first but that goes on to become a star. * 1) Someone or something that does not seem very impressive at first but that goes on to become a star.	WIKI
Nelson Doubleday Nelson Doubleday (June 16, 1889 – January 11, 1949) was a U.S. book publisher and president of Doubleday Company from 1922–1946. His father Frank Nelson Doubleday had founded the business. His son Nelson Doubleday Jr. followed him into it, taking part in expansion and serving as president from 1978–1986. Early life and education Nelson Doubleday was born in Brooklyn, New York to Frank Nelson Doubleday (the first Doubleday ancestor came to Boston in the early 1600s from England) (the name Doubleday is English – possibly of Norman origin originally, DuBaldy ) and Neltje Blanchan. His older brother Felix Doty was adopted, and he had a younger sister Dorothy. In the city, the children attended a private Friends School run by Quakers. The family moved out to a large estate in Locust Valley on Long Island, called "Effendi" after their father's nickname given to him by his friend, the British author Rudyard Kipling. The author wrote his Just So Stories after the boy Nelson asked him to publish a book of animal stories. Nelson grew up in the world of book publishing, as his father had founded the Doubleday company. His mother wrote several books about gardening and birds, which were considered notable for their combination of scientific content and lyrical expression. Nelson later studied at Dr. Holbrook's Military School in Ossining, New York. He attended two years of New York University before joining his father in business, which he found more interesting. Even as a youth, he had creative solutions to business issues, for instance, suggesting selling dated magazines at a discount and thereby gaining some revenue from them. Career Doubleday established his own business in 1910 and used the profits to publish books under his own imprint. After serving in World War I, he joined his father's firm, Doubleday, Page and Company, as a junior partner. After the firm merged with Doran Company, and upon his father's death in 1934, Nelson Doubleday became chairman of the board of Doubleday, Doran Company, Incorporated. He remained chairman of the firm (later Doubleday and Company) until his death in 1949. With some expansion, he still maintained Doubleday as a family publishing business, with one associated book club. Marriage and family He married Ellen McCarter (1899–1978). Her father was an attorney who organized the Public Service Corporation in New Jersey, serving as president for its first 36 years. They had a son Nelson Doubleday Jr. (1933–2015) and a daughter Neltje (1934–2021), named for Nelson's mother. At age 18, Neltje married John Turner Sargent, Sr., who was already working at Doubleday, and they had two children. Nelson senior died, aged 59, in Oyster Bay, Long Island. Both Sargent and Nelson Doubleday, Jr., worked for Doubleday. Beginning with Sargent in 1963, each served as president. Nelson Jr. served as president from 1978 to 1986 when, following wide changes in the publishing business, he sold the company to the German conglomerate, Bertelsmann. After the Sargents divorced in 1965, Neltje moved to Wyoming with her two children. She remarried, bought a ranch and restored and operated the historic Sheridan Inn, and became an abstract artist. In the 1980s, she created the "Neltje Blanchan Literary Prize" in honor of her paternal grandmother. In 2001, Neltje founded Jentel, an artist-in-residence program supported by her private family foundation. In 2005, Neltje received the Governor's Art Award as one of Wyoming's "preeminent artists." In 2010, she made an estate gift of her ranch, studio, art collection and financial holdings to the University of Wyoming, the largest in its history. Legacy and honors Ellen Doubleday left her collection of Doubleday business and personal documents to Princeton University. The Ellen McCarter Doubleday Papers, circa 1930s–1978 contain business and social correspondence, documents by and from Doubleday authors, personal and family letters, and issues related to Doubleday estates.	WIKI
Over the years, mobility has always been an area of interest for human beings. This has led to the invention and modifications of different modes of mobility mechanisms, from bicycles to sports cars. Among these inventions of vehicles is the newly popularized Hoverboard. Best most of the people don’t know what is a Hoverboard and how much is the hoverboard. In short, a Hoverboard is an electric, two-wheeled self-balancing scooter device of sorts. Its engineering is in such a way that operating it is very easy and effortless. The Hoverboard can also compare the skateboard; however, it does not require the rider to balance the board as it has an electric self-propelling and self-balancing mechanism. In general, Hoverboard considered fun, safe, and relaxed vehicles as celebrities mostly gave them popularity. You have viewed this article because you are interested in owning a hoverboard or purchasing one. Worry not as I am going to help you decide the best Hoverboard to buy and its price. What determines the price? 1. Motor Size This feature is essential when it comes to determining the purchasing price of a hoverboard. Motor size gets its rating for average wattage. Generally, the sum of wattage that you require is comparative to the rider’s weight. • 200 watts- Dual 100 Watts Motors This motor size mainly caters for lightweight individuals, and it is mostly suitable for young kids who weigh less than 90pounds. The prices of this Hoverboard are lower due to the wattage compared with other motor sizes with the same functionalities. • 400 watts- Dual 200 watts Motors This motor size is the most common, and on average, it carries the most weight ranges of people. It can support weights of up to more than 200 pounds; however, less than 175lbs is recommended for best performance. Additionally, this motor size is favorable to the battery life of the Hoverboard. • 500 watts- dual 250 Watts motors This motor size is standard in terrain models with larger tire sizes that require more wattage. Boards with this motor size are more expensive because they need a more significant battery voltage that adds to the board’s overall costs. The wattage amount means it can accommodate weights of up to 280pounds. 2. Battery Voltage There are mainly two variations in battery voltages for hoverboards, and they are the 24V and 36V, respectively. • 24v Battery About pricing the 24v battery size, fetch fewer prices as they are the smallest recommended size. Any size is smaller than 24v results in shorter battery life and an inability to support the motors. • 36v Battery As previously mentioned, it is suitable for 250-watt motors or more extensive as they require more battery support. The higher prices of these batteries add to the overall cost of the Hoverboard. 3. Weight Capacity The weight capacity of the Hoverboard considerably gets influence from the motor size, which in turn also influences the battery voltages. The higher the weight capacity or requirements, the more significant the motor size and battery voltages required. This ultimately makes weight capacities of less than 200lbs cheaper in comparison to those over 200 pounds. 4. Speed hoverboard speed Generally, speeds of hoverboards range between 5mph and 8mph, meaning the rates in-between have varying due to preference. Faster hoverboards mostly come at higher prices. Slower ones are recommended for kids, therefore usually cost less. Regardless of the actual speed of a hoverboard, they always seem to be faster due to the effect of leaning forward to propel its speed. How much is the Hoverboard in different price range: 1. Under $200 Hoverboard under 200 dollars naturally get the consideration of being necessary. This is the lowest price for any reliable hoverboard. For new riders, gadgets in this price range are okay as they are not yet familiar with what seasoned riders consider essential. This price range is perfect for kids specified boards and lightweight individuals. This is because they usually come with smaller motor sizes and battery voltages on overall, making them cheap. Most notable brands for the best hoverboard under 200 include but are not limited to the Swagtron Swagboard twist Hoverboard, CHO Original Electric Smart Scooter Hoverboard, and the GOTRTAX Hoverfly ION LED Hoverboard. No products found. 2. $201 – $500 This is the price ranges where most Hoverboards falls under. It is the average price range for seasoned riders as it’s overs a variety of functionalities on varying hoverboards depending on personal preferences. Hoverboards in this price range have more technological enhancements than the less than 200 range. The technologies include higher speeds, off-road capabilities, Bluetooth speakers, LED lights, and a more extended warranty. Almost every mechanism of hoverboards in this price range are better than that in the preceding one, including charging time. 3. $501 – $750 This is the price range where you can get a considerably perfect hoverboard. This is in regards to technological capabilities as well as durability. Hoverboards in this price range are usually enticing to experienced riders. The best of everything on hoverboards comes with a longer price range, faster speeds, faster battery charging, longer battery life, and overall durability. 4. $751 – $1299 Well, the ultimate price range for the ultimate experience. With this price range, you get what most hoverboard riders only get in their dreams. Usually, it comes with limited-to-brand features and enhancement rarely common to other hoverboards. These hoverboards have the motor size, battery voltages as well as higher weight carrying capacity. Top brand terrain wheel sized hoverboards fall under this price range. Read: Learn How to ride hoverboard Wrap Up Hoverboards are surely making a mark in the spheres of mobility gadgets world over. Ever since their popularity, post-2015, hoverboards are getting more appreciation by people besides the cool factor that they bring. This article on How much is the hoverboard has enlightened you on considerations when pricing these gadgets to help you determine the perfect Hoverboard for yourself. For beginners, I recommend the cheaper ones in the price range, around $200, before investing in other models. This is because the lowest price hoverboards are less complicated and allows you to get used to riding it easier and faster. You can gradually upgrade the more you get into it. Besides, if you decide later on that hoverboard rides are not for you, you would not have spent too much on it even though I doubt you can escape falling in love with riding hoverboards. You May Like:	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Page:In a Steamer Chair and Other Stories.djvu/31 Rh "Well, the earth includes the sea, you know." "Have you had experience with steamer friendships? I thought, somehow, this was your first voyage." "What made you think so?" "Well, I don't know. I thought it was, that's all." "I hope there is nothing in my manner that would induce a stranger to think I am a verdant traveler." "Oh, not at all. You know, a person somehow classifies a person's fellow-passengers. Some appear to have been crossing the ocean all their lives, whereas, in fact, they are probably on shipboard for the first time. Have you crossed the ocean before?" "Yes." "Now, tell me whether you think I ever crossed before?" "Why, of course you have. I should say that you cross probably once a year. Maybe oftener." "Really? For business or pleasure?" "Oh, business, entirely. You did not look yesterday as if you ever had any pleasure in your life." "Oh, yesterday! Don't let us talk about yesterday. It's to-day now, you know. You seem to be a mind reader. Perhaps you could tell my occupation?"	WIKI
Important Message from The Joint Chiropractic regarding COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus) - Read More Benefits of the Splits and How to Get into Them By KayLee Chie Kuehl Plenty of us have been told that past a certain age, we will never be able to do the splits. However, this is simply not true! Quite similar to the belief that dancing ballet is unattainable if you haven't been doing it since you were a pre-teen, being able to get into the splits may seem like only a dream. But in actuality, the majority of our range of motion relies on our lifestyle habits. Even if you didn't grow up a gymnast, cheerleader, or dancer, it doesn't mean you'll ever achieve that level of flexibility. Think of it like this: A former gymnastics star's level of flexibility will decrease over time without practice, right? That means if we incorporate exercises or daily habits into our routine, if we keep up a splits-centered practice, then our flexibility will go up. There are a number of benefits to being able to get into the splits. Here are some, along with poses that can bring us closer to that goal. They Keep You Young No one enjoys the idea of losing their range of motion. Practicing the splits is exceptional for your joint health, flexibility, and balance. These things are essential for long-term physical constitution. Studies have shown the splits help prevent major health issues similar to Parkinson's and cardiovascular disease due to the encouragement of muscle strength and healthy bodily circulation. Deepens Our Body Awareness Though it might not be your primary reason for wanting to master the splits, the pose refines the connection between the body and mind. Because the splits are such a difficult position, you must become attuned to different parts of your body: the parts open to deeper stretches and the parts with particular limitations. But on a level transcending physicality, it is my belief that mastery of the splits can open us spiritually. The splits bring us closer to our root chakra, which is also where the Kundalini is located. In Hinduism, the Kundalini is a sacred feminine energy located at the base of the spine. Awakening this part of ourselves, especially alongside our root chakra, is the gateway to accessing our inner power. Without harnessing the roots in which our other chakras and spiritual points are connected, we have more difficulty progressing. So, mastering the splits and entering into a journey to obtain them is a way we can open ourselves up and unlock that powerful energy within us. How to Get Into the Splits When trying to get into the splits at first, it's really important to begin basic. There are two popular splits to choose from: the side splits and the front splits. Depending on how tight your hips and hamstrings are, the front splits are normally recommended to start with. Do note that overextension is a primary cause of range of motion loss. If you practice yoga, sun salutations are a great way to warm up your muscles. From here, poses like the half-pigeon and the half-lunge will deepen your stretch and soothe the muscles responsible for perfected splits. Once you're ready, position yourself in the true splits pose with a block supporting either your back or your front leg. You can enter into this pose after warming up with sun salutations or the half-pigeon/lunge poses. In short, what will get you into the splits is confidence, consistency, and patience. So we all can relish in the benefits of the splits, no matter what age we are! To learn more about your health, wellness and fitness, see your local chiropractor at The Joint Chiropractic in Houston, Tex. Download your offer today and save! $29 New Patient Special, Consultation \| Exam \| Adjustment Offer valued at $45. Valid for new patients only. See clinic for chiropractor(s)' name and license info. Clinics managed and/or owned by franchisee or Prof. Corps. Restrictions may apply to Medicare eligible patients. Individual results may vary.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
BPH: Treatment Helps Men Cut Down on Frequent Bathroom Trips BPH: Treatment Helps Men As men get older, their risk for developing an enlarged prostate gland increases. This condition, known as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, or BPH, affects about half of men between the ages of 51 and 60 and up to 90 percent of men over the age of 80. The prostate is a walnut-sized gland located between the bladder and the penis. It surrounds part of the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body. As the prostate gets larger, it can squeeze the urethra. This can cause you to wake up at night to go to the bathroom - as much as every hour or two. While BPH may cause problems and discomfort, it is not cancer. "Not all men with BPH need immediate treatment," said Kevin T. McVary, MD, chair of the Division of Urology at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine in Springfield, Illinois. "But for those men who decide to get treated for BPH, there are a large, and growing number of treatment options." BPH Risk Increases With Age While the exact cause of BPH is not well understood, the chance of being told you have it does increase with age. Men with a family history of the condition are also more likely to develop BPH. Other risk factors include obesity, lack of physical activity and erectile dysfunction. There is no sure way to prevent BPH, but losing weight, being physically active and eating a healthy diet, with fruits and vegetables, may help to prevent it. "Losing weight and exercising can help reduce symptoms in men who already have BPH," Dr. McVary says. "Getting treatment for sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, can also drastically improve symptoms of BPH," he added. Symptoms In addition to needing to urinate often, other symptoms may include: • Feeling the bladder is full, even right after urinating • Weak urine flow • Dribbling of urine • The need to stop and start urinating several times • Trouble urinating • The need to push or strain to urinate Diagnosis To diagnose BPH, your urologist will review your symptoms, take a medical history and do a physical exam. Your provider will perform a digital rectal exam to check the size and shape of your prostate. You may be asked for a urine sample to see if you have a bladder infection. You may also have a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. High PSA levels may be a sign of a larger-than-usual prostate. A doctor can also order it as screening for prostate cancer. BPH does not cause cancer, but a man can have BPH and prostate cancer at the same time. Based on how many symptoms you have and how often you have them, your doctor will determine whether you have mild, moderate or severe BPH. Many Treatment Options Every man with BPH can make some easy lifestyle changes to reduce symptoms. Dr. McVary suggests limiting fluids a few hours before bedtime and drinking less fluids that can make you go more often, like alcohol, soda or other fluids with caffeine. There are many effective options for treating BPH. However some men may decide with their doctor to monitor their BPH, and not actively treat it. This is called "watchful waiting or active surveillance." If you begin to have worse or new symptoms, your doctor may recommend beginning an active treatment. "A retiree who doesn't mind getting up in the middle of the night to go to the bathroom and who can sleep in the next day may decide to opt for watchful waiting," said Dr. McVary. "But a man whose boss notices every time he leaves his desk to go to the bathroom may feel he needs to actively treat the problem." In a small percentage of cases, untreated BPH can lead to other health problems such as a urinary tract infection, bladder stones or kidney damage. In these cases, immediate treatment is necessary. The main treatments for BPH are medication, minimally invasive surgery or traditional surgery. While many men decide to try medication first, others opt for surgery because they want an immediate, permanent solution, Dr. McVary notes. Medication Alpha blockers are pills that relax the muscles of the prostate and bladder, and improve urine flow. These medications include alfuzosin (Uroxatral), silodosin (Rapaflow) terazosin (Hytrin), doxazosin (Cadura) and tamsulosin (Flomax). These drugs are recommended for men with moderate to severe BPH. 5-Alpha reducatase inhibitors block the production of a male hormone that plays a role in prostate development and growth. These pills also aim to increase urine flow and shrink the prostate and include finasteride (Proscar) and dutasteride (Avodart). These drugs may be best for men with very large prostates. Both alpha blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors must be taken indefinitely to prevent symptoms. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe a combination of these drugs (Jaylan). These medications can sometimes have an impact on a man's sexual function. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors such as tadalafil (Cialis) are often used to treat erectile dysfunction, but can also treat BPH. Surgery For men who choose surgery, a range of procedures are available for BPH. Doctors choose the best option based on the size and shape of the prostate, as well as the patient's preference and overall medical condition. TURP The traditional gold standard for BPH surgery is Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP). It involves "shaving" the enlarged prostate tissues with an electric current delivered through a wire loop. This procedure generally requires an overnight hospital stay. TURP largely has excellent results, but carries a small risk of complications such as bleeding or retrograde ejaculation, which is when semen enters the bladder rather than being sent out of the body. For many men, TURP side effects lessen with time. A variation of the TURP is called the BUTTON, a name based on the small round shape of the instrument used. Because of modifications with the instruments and the fluid used during the operation, this variation offers less blood loss, less time with a catheter and other safety measures to those men choosing to undergo this procedure. Minimally Invasive Surgery This surgery removes part of the prostate gland, without any incision in your skin. It improves the flow of urine. There are a variety of minimally invasive procedures for BPH. One type is called UroLift. This procedure uses a needle to lift and staple the prostate to open up the urethra. This relieves pressure on the urethra, and allows urine to flow normally. "The procedure is relatively fast and can be done in the doctor's office or an operating room," Dr. McVary said. "It does not affect a man's erection or impact his ejaculation, but in about one-third of men, the procedure cannot be done because of the shape of the prostate," he noted. About a third of men who do have the procedure need another UroLift procedure, standard surgery or medication after five years. A newer type of minimally invasive surgery is called water vapor energy ablation, or Rezum. This treatment was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2015. The doctor uses a device with a camera to deliver drops of water vapor to the prostate. The water vapor condenses, releasing energy that causes the surrounding cells to die off. This kills prostate-blocking tissue and opens up the urethra. It generally takes only seconds to work. Rezum does not affect a man's erection or ejaculation. "Since Rezum is a relatively new procedure, we still don't have real long-term data (more than 3 years) on its effectiveness," noted Dr. McVary. He says while older surgical procedures for BPH generally are covered by Medicare, coverage varies by state for Rezum, but is getting better over time. Talk to Your Doctor Whether you have mild, moderate or advanced BPH, are getting treatment for the first time or seeking retreatment, highly effective options are available. Discuss the treatment options for BPH with your urologist and find out which ones are right for you. Advertisement	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Page:The Royal Family of France (Henry).djvu/89 de Chambord's protest against the President's message. In the autumn of 1853, November 20th, the Duke de Nemours paid a visit to Frohsdorf and announced to his Royal Cousin the following solemn declaration: that he came in his brother's name and in his own, to assure the Comte de Chambord that he and his brothers acknowledged but one Monarchy, represented by one Royal Throne. Afterwards, certain conditions had been appended to this solemn deed of adhesion by the Orleans Princes. Since then recrimination has vanished and all doubt about that is useless. France was in her death-throes not long ago, and she is threatened with more troubles. She must be saved. This safety,—the safety of all, the safety of Princes as well as ours,—they, the Orléans Princes, hold in their hands. Let them listen to the voice of Providence, to the voice of their country, to the voice of their father. Providence speaks to them by the woes and sorrows of their agonizing country; from the wreck of the Throne which God cast down at a sign. He tells them that pride is an affront to His Divinity; that the towering wave breeds the storm, and the uplifted mountain the frost and the snow. They among Frenchmen who do not see signs of bloodshed in the skies must be wilfully Wind indeed; and those who will not see them and hold aloof, are guilty of treason. The day always comes which may never return. It is not a question of turning back, the Royal Princes must make a stand, and we rejoiced in reading of their shortly intended visit to Frohsdorf. Were the Comte de Chambord to die to-morrow, it would be too late. As the Royal Sons of France, they knew full well that they can only preserve their august tide by acknowledging the King of France. The time may come—and it must come—when they will reign; but their reign would be ephemeral and born of the Revolution, their dynasty would ever be its toy and slave. They would remain wretched Pretenders, levelled to being confronted with other pretenders. A Bonaparte or a Louis Napoleon will still exist, and France, the unhappy victim of a political hydra for ever being born again of blood, riots and Coups d'Etat, would fall by the hand of a parricide. Many, sacrilegiously, had relied on the sterility of the Royal stem, as though the God who dried the sap could not bid it flow	WIKI
St. Mary's Cathedral, Rundu The St. Mary's Cathedral or simply Cathedral of Rundu is a religious building belonging to the Catholic Church and is located in the street Safari, in the town of Rundu on the northern tip of the African country of Namibia, specifically in the region of Kavango East. This is one of the three Catholic cathedrals of that nation and one of 2 dedicated to St. Mary, the other being located in the capital Windhoek. It is a temple that follows the Roman or Latin rite and functions as the headquarters of the Apostolic Vicariate of Rundu (Vicariatus Apostolicus Runduensis) which was created in March 1994 with the bull Sollicitam sane curam of Pope John Paul II.	WIKI
Alico, Inc. to Present at the 15th Annual LD Micro Invitational FORT MYERS, Fla., March 26, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Alico, Inc. (“Alico” or the “Company”) (Nasdaq: ALCO) today announced that John Kiernan, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, will present and host one-on-one meetings with investors at the 15th Annual LD Micro Invitational. This event will take place at The Westin Grand Central in New York on April 9 and 10, 2025. Alico’s presentation will begin at 9:00AM ET on Thursday, April 10, 2025. Management will also host one-on-one meetings with investors on Thursday, April 10, 2025. This year’s LD Micro Invitational is expected to feature presentations from 50 companies, with the opportunity for private one-on-one meetings. Alico’s presentation will be available to view here. To register for the conference or request a one-on-one meeting with Mr. Kiernan, please visit here. About Alico Alico, Inc. currently operates two divisions: Alico Citrus, currently one of the nation’s largest citrus producers, and Land Management and Other Operations, which include land leasing and related support operations. While Alico Citrus will cease operations after the 2024/2025 harvest due to environmental and financial challenges, Alico remains committed to Florida’s agriculture industry, and will focus on its long-term diversified land usage and real estate development strategy. Learn more about Alico (Nasdaq: “ALCO”) at www.alicoinc.com. About LD Micro LD Micro aims to be the most essential resource in the micro-cap world. Whether it is the Index, comprehensive data, or hosting the most significant events annually, LD's sole mission is to serve as an invaluable asset for all those interested in finding the next generation of great companies. To learn more about LD Micro, visit http://www.ldmicro.com. Investor Contact:John MillsICR(646) 277-1254InvestorRelations@alicoinc.com Brad HeineChief Financial Officer(239) 226-2000bheine@alicoinc.com	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
High School High (soundtrack) High School High: The Soundtrack is the soundtrack to Hart Bochner's 1996 film High School High. It was released on August 19, 1996, through Big Beat Records, and consists of hip hop and R&B music. The album features performances by the likes of A Tribe Called Quest, Artifacts, Changing Faces, D'Angelo, De La Soul, Erykah Badu, Facemob, Faith Evans, Grand Puba, Jodeci, KRS-One, Large Professor, Lil' Kim, Pete Rock, Real Live, Sadat X, Scarface, Spice 1, The Braxtons, The Braids, The Click, The Roots, Quad City DJ's, and Wu-Tang Clan members. Several songs heard both in the movie and in the closing credits, such as "Top of the World" by The Carpenters, "Stay With Me" by Art 'N Soul, "Rhinestone Cowboy" by Glen Campbell, "Froggy Style" by Nuttin' Nyce, "Troubleneck Wreck" by the Troubleneck Brothers, "Still In Love" by Ricky Jones, were not included in the soundtrack album. The soundtrack peaked at number 20 on the Billboard 200 and at number 4 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on October 23, 1996. Complex placed the album at number 18 on their '25 Best Hip-Hop Movie Soundtracks Of All Time'.	WIKI
Portal:Africa/Countries/Selected country/36 Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in southern Africa on the Atlantic coast. It shares borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east, and South Africa to the south. It gained independence from South Africa in 1990 and its capital city is Windhoek (German: Windhuk). It is divided into 13 regions and subdivided into 102 constituencies. Namibia is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations. The politics of Namibia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Namibia is elected to a five year term and is both the head of state and the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. (Read more...)	WIKI
eHealth Incurs Wider Loss in Q4, Issues Guidance for 2016 eHealth Inc . EHTH incurred a net loss of 62 cents per share in fourth-quarter 20Array5, wider than the Zacks Consensus Estimate of a loss of 54 cents. Loss per share was also wider than 47 cents incurred in the prior-year quarter. Including extra-ordinary items, eHealth digested a loss of 67 cents per share, narrower than $Array.08 loss incurred in the year-ago quarter. Operational Updates eHealth's total revenue grossed $50.Array million, better than the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $4Array million and up ArrayArray% year over year. Revenues improved on higher commissions. Total operating costs and expenses rose 6.5% year over year to $62.5 million. The increase stemmed from higher marketing and advertising, and general and administrative expenses. Operating margin for the reported quarter was (2Array)% against (3)% in the year-ago quarter. Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) was $(9.5) million, narrower than $(Array2.9) million in the year-ago quarter. Full-Year Highlights eHealth reported 20Array5 operating net loss of 43 cents per share, wider than the year-ago loss of a penny. Including extra-ordinary items, net loss of eHealth came in at 26 cents per share, narrower than 88 cents loss per share incurred in 20Array4. eHealth's total revenue was $Array98.5 million, up 5% from 20Array4. eHealth exited 20Array5 with total estimated memberships of more than Array.Array million, which increased 2% from the prior-year level. Total approved members increased 22% year over year to 0.08 million. Financial Updates eHealth exited 20Array5 with cash and cash equivalents of $62.7 million, up from $5Array.4 million at the 20Array4-end level. The company's total assets as of Dec 3Array, 20Array5 were approximately $ArrayArray3.3 million, up from $Array06.7 million as of Dec 3Array, 20Array4. As of Dec 3Array, 20Array5, total stockholders' equity of eHealth was $76.4 million, up from $73.5 million as of Dec 3Array, 20Array4. Operating cash flow was $Array3.7 million in 20Array5 compared with $8.Array million a year ago. Looking Forward eHealth projects operating earnings between 38 cents and 68 cents per share on revenues between $Array95 million and $203 million for 20Array6. Adjusted EBITDA is estimated between $ArrayArray.5 million and $Array7.0 million. Zacks Rank Presently, eHealth carries a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy). Performance by Other Insurance Brokers The bottom line at Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc. MMC , Brown & Brown Inc. BRO and Aon plc AON beat their respective Zacks Consensus Estimate in the fourth quarter. Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days.Click to get this free report >> Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report MARSH &MCLENNAN (MMC): Free Stock Analysis Report AON PLC (AON): Free Stock Analysis Report EHEALTH INC (EHTH): Free Stock Analysis Report BROWN & BROWN (BRO): Free Stock Analysis Report To read this article on Zacks.com click here. Zacks Investment Research The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Leo Dwyer Leo Joseph Dwyer (9 May 1907 – 11 November 1995) was an Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Dwyer, a wingman, played eight games in North Melbourne's debut VFL season in 1925. Despite being in a struggling team, Dwyer polled well in the Brownlow Medal and had his best finish in 1928 when he was equal third. When he went to Yarraville, without a clearance, he had to sit out of football for two years in order to get a permit to back come to North Melbourne. A four time Victorian representative, he resumed his VFL career in 1934 but would play only four more games with the club. He then returned home to Murchison and led the local team to a Goulburn Valley Football League grand final in 1936, which they lost. He also won the GVFL's Morrison Medal that, which was awarded to the season's best and fairest player. His son Laurie Dwyer as well as two grandsons, Anthony and David, all played for North Melbourne. He was also the uncle of West Australian Football League players Keith and Roy Harper, who both won Simpson Medals.	WIKI
Expert Reviewed Two Parts:Buddy Taping Injured FingersAvoiding Potential ComplicationsCommunity Q&A Taping an injured finger or toe to its "buddy" is a great way to keep it still while it heals, as long as you keep an eye out for complications.[1] Ad Part 1 Buddy Taping Injured Fingers 1. 1 Identify the injured finger. Fingers are very susceptible to injury and even breaking when exposed to blunt trauma, such as getting them caught in doors or jammed while playing contact sports. In most cases, it's obvious which finger is injured (the one that hurts the most), but sometimes you need to examine your hand and fingers closely to better understand the injury. Signs of mild-to-moderate musculoskeletal injuries include redness, swelling, inflammation, localized pain, bruising, reduced motion, and maybe some degree of crookedness if your finger is dislocated or fractured.[2] • Buddy taping can be used on most finger injuries, even some stress (hairline) fractures, although more serious displaced fractures usually need splinting, casting, or surgery.[3] • Small stress fractures, bone chips, contusions (bruises), and joint sprains are not considered serious issues, but severely crushed fingers (mangled and bleeding) or displaced compound fractures (bleeding with bone sticking out of the skin) require immediate medical care, especially if the thumb is involved. 2. 2 Decide which fingers to tape together. Once you've established which finger is injured, you need to decide which adjacent finger to buddy tape it to. In general, try to tape fingers together that are closest in length. The index finger and second finger are usually paired for buddy taping and fingers three and four are usually best taped together.[4] Your thumb, due to its location and range of motion, can't be buddy taped to the index finger, so it's often splinted or casted when severely sprained or broken. In addition, make sure the "buddy" finger is uninjured, because taping two injured fingers together may create more problems. • If your third finger (ring finger) is injured, you have the option of buddy taping it to the second or fourth finger. Choose the finger most equal in length, but for the most stability, the ring finger should be buddy-taped to the middle finger. • Be cautious buddy taping fingers together if you have diabetes, circulation problems, or peripheral arterial disease, because any significant reduction in blood circulation (from taping too tight) increases the risk of tissue death (necrosis). 3. 3 Prepare your fingers for taping. Once you've decided on which two fingers to buddy tape together, prepare your finger for taping. Start by washing your hands with soap and water, and then specifically clean the fingers to be taped with alcohol wipes. The alcohol in the wipes (isopropyl alcohol) is not only a good antiseptic, but it also gets rid of any oily or greasy residues that might prevent the tape from sticking to your skin. Use a hypoallergenic or low-irritant wrap underneath the tape if you have especially sensitive skin.[5] • If alcohol wipes are not available, the next best alternative is simple soap and water. 4. 4 Tape your fingers together. Once you've cleaned and prepared the fingers, take some non-stretch medical, surgical, or athletic tape (about an inch wide) and tape your injured finger to the uninjured one — perhaps using a figure-eight pattern for more stability. Be careful not to bind the fingers too tightly together, because you might create additional swelling and may even cut off the circulation. The taping should be secure enough that both of your fingers move together. Check that there is no numbness, throbbing, color change, or loss of sensation in either finger after the taping.[6] • Consider placing a thin strip of padding foam or cotton gauze between the fingers for comfort, protection and prevention of skin abrasions and/or blisters. • Keep in mind that your risk of bacterial infection significantly increases with blistering and abrasions on the surface of the skin. • Materials used for binding fingers include non-stretch medical / surgical paper tape, self-adherent wrap, electrical tape, small Velcro wraps and rubber bandages. • To provide more support (beneficial for dislocated fingers) use a wooden or metal splint along with the tape. Popsicle sticks also work pretty well, just make sure there are no sharp edges that can dig into your skin. 5. 5 Follow up with a doctor for an evaluation. If an injury is serious enough to warrant taping, it is serious enough to be evaluated. Once your finger is stabilized, you should see a health care provider for a more comprehensive examination. You will likely need an X-ray to make sure you do not have a severe fracture or other damage. • Use the buddy taping method in a pinch until you can seek medical care, but don't use it as a substitute for seeking medical attention. • If you are in pain, you can take an over-the-counter pain reliever to help. Try acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin). Part 2 Avoiding Potential Complications 1. 1 Change the tape regularly. If your fingers are initially taped by your doctor or another healthcare professional, then she likely used water-resistant tape so that it's safe to wash your hands and shower at least once. However, as a general guideline, be prepared to re-tape your fingers on a daily basis, particularly if you shower or wash your hands frequently. Wet or moist tape and dressings promote the growth of bacteria and mold, which gives off an unpleasant odor and increases the risk of a skin infection. • Care should be taken when removing tape to avoid injury aggravation or skin damage. Use blunt-nosed scissors to cut the tape and then remove it slowly.[7] • If your injured finger hurts more after re-taping it, remove the tape and start over, but make sure it's a little looser. This is also a sign that you should seek medical advice. • Your injured finger, depending on severity, may need to be buddy-taped for up to four weeks to properly heal, so you'll likely become very experienced at re-taping it.[8] 2. 2 Check for signs of infection. This step is very important. Before reapplying the tape on a regular basis, check your fingers and the rest of your hand for any signs of skin irritation or infection. Abrasions, blisters and calluses increase the likelihood of a skin infection, so clean and dry your fingers thoroughly before re-taping them. Use soap and water to cleanse your hands. • Signs of a localized skin infection include local swelling, redness, throbbing pain, and discharge of pus, which may emit an unpleasant odor.[9] • It's important to seek immediate medical attention if you suspect a skin infection. 3. 3 Be vigilant for signs of necrosis. As mentioned above, necrosis is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood and oxygen. An injured finger, particularly a dislocation or fracture, may already involve damaged blood vessels, so you have to be extra careful when buddy taping not to cut off circulation to the fingers. If you unintentionally do, then your fingers will likely start to throb with achy pain and turn dark red, then dark blue.[10] Most tissue can survive without oxygen for a couple of hours (at most), but it's important to carefully observe your fingers within 30 minutes or so of taping to make sure they are getting enough blood. • Diabetics often have less feeling in their hands (and feet) and tend to have poor circulation. Diabetics should avoid buddy taping and get evaluated by a doctor, as the risk of infection is significant. • If necrosis does occur in the fingers, then bacterial infection can occur quickly. Untreated bacterial infections may turn gangrenous and may require amputation surgery so the infections won't spread. • If you experienced an open compound finger fracture (bone protrudes through the skin), your doctor may recommend a 2-week course of oral antibiotics to deter a bacterial infection. 4. 4 Don't tape a severely fractured finger. Although most finger injuries respond well to buddy taping, some are beyond its scope. For example, when fingers are crushed and completely shattered (termed a comminuted fracture) or fractured such that the bones radically misalign and stick out through the skin (termed an open compound fracture), then no amount of taping is helpful and it shouldn't even be considered. Instead, with serious and unstable fractures, you need to get to an emergency department quickly for more appropriate medical care (likely an invasive surgical procedure).[11] On the other hand, small hairline (stress) fractures are stable and appropriate to tape until you can see a healthcare provider. • Common symptoms of a severely broken finger include: intense sharp pain, swelling, stiffness, and usually immediate bruising due to internal bleeding. Likely your finger will look somewhat crooked and it will very difficult to make a fist or grab something heavy without severe pain. • Broken fingers can be related to conditions that weaken bone, such as cancer (bone tumors), local infections, osteoporosis (brittle bones), or chronic diabetes. Community Q&A Answered Questions Add New Question Ask a Question Tips • Activity may aggravate your finger injury and cause more pain, so it's best not to use the involved hand excessively until the pain and inflammation fade away. • Finger strains and sprains usually heal within a week or so; small hairline (stress) fractures often take two to three weeks to recover; serious unstable fractures can take dour to six weeks to mend. • Most fingers are broken from accidents with machines, falls on an outstretched hand or from sporting injuries (football and basketball, particularly).[12] Warning • See a doctor if you suspect a fractured finger. Buddy taping is a good short-term measure for most types of finger injures, but unstable fractures always need medical attention. Article Info Categories: First Aid and Emergencies In other languages: Español: amarrar dos dedos con cinta adhesiva, Italiano: Bendare le Dita, Русский: прибинтовать здоровый палец к сломанному, Português: Enfaixar Dedos Juntos, Deutsch: Finger tapen Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 156,811 times. Did this article help you?	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Subject: Re: netstat -i in /etc/daily To: <> From: Henry Miller <hank@black-hole.com> List: tech-userlevel Date: 01/19/2000 00:17:51 On Tue, 18 Jan 2000, der Mouse wrote: > > People using noncontiguous netmasks are going to be used to a lot > > worse than just long-line output. :-) > > Like what? I don't recall seeing anything break yet. Everyone yammers > about how noncontiguous netmasks breaks things, but my experience > squarely contradicts that. Some read the RFCs to imply it ins't allowed.. (I don't know if there is basis for that or not) Most routers are not tested with noncontiguous netmasks. If it works you are lucky, though expirence tends to suggest that it works anyway. I have seen programs refuse to allow them. MacTCP is a clasic example, it did not allow you to set a noncontiguous netmask. (it also did some other very brain dead things in the name of helping out. OpenTransport is much nicer, fortunatly) Gui interfaces to routers have been known not allow the noncontiguous netmask. Going in to the command line you could manualy enter the "invalid" netmask, and it would take. Again, all this is not to say that you can't do it. It is however rare, untested, and confusing to most people who don't realise that it could be done. I cannot think of a good reason to use noncontiguous netmasks, I sould discourage it unless you accually can come up with one. -- http://www.black-hole.com/users/henrymiller/ hank@black-hole.com	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
From FedoraProject Revision as of 04:51, 14 February 2009 by Toshio (talk \| contribs) (Fixformatting of "TurboGears") Database - SOP Contact Information Owner: Fedora Infrastructure Team Contact: #fedora-admin, sysadmin-main, sysadmin-dba group Location: Phoenix Servers: db1, db2, db3 Purpose: Provides database connection to many of our apps. Description db1 and db2 are our primary database servers. db1 contains the MySQL instance, db2 contains postgresql. Each database server replicates to itself and the other through a dump style backup. In a normal situation, db1 runs only MySQL, not postgresql. While db2 runs only postgresql not MySQL. Which is running on which is defined in the puppet configs, specifically the node manifest for each server (nodes/db1.fedora.phx.redhat.com.pp and nodes/db2.fedora.phx.redhat.com.pp) db3 is a postgresql server dedicated to koji. Creating a New Postgresql Database Creating a new database on our postgresql server isn't hard but there's several steps that should be taken to make the database server as secure as possible. db2 $ sudo -u postgres createdb -E utf8 NEWDB db2 $ sudo -u postgres createuser -P -E NEWDBUSER Password: <randomly generated password> db2 $ sudo -u postgres psql NEWDB NEWDB=# revoke all on database NEWDB from public; NEWDB=# revoke all on schema public from public; NEWDB=# grant all on schema public to NEWDBUSER; NEWDB=# [grant other permissions to NEWDBUSER as appropriate for your app] If you're doing this on a postgresql8.3 install (currently just db3), perform the next step as well: NEWDB=# grant connect on database NEWDB to nagiosuser; If your application needs to have the NEWDBUSER and password to connect to the database, you probably want to add these to puppet as well. Put the password in the private repo in puppet1. Then use a templatefile to incorporate it into the config file. See fas.pp for an example. Troubleshooting and Resolution Connection issues There are no known outstanding issues with the database itself. Remember that every time either database is restarted, services will have to be restarted (see below). Some useful queries What queries are running This can help you find out what queries are cuurently running on the server:: select datname, procpid, query_start, backend_start, current_query from pg_stat_activity where current_query != '<IDLE>' order by query_start; This can help you find how many connections to the db server are for each individual database:: select datname, count(datname) from pg_stat_activity group by datname order by count desc; Seeing how "dirty" a table is We've added a function from postgres's contrib directory to tell how dirty a table is. By dirty we mean, how many tuples are active, how many have been marked as having old data (and therefore "dead") and how much free space is allocated to the table but not used. \c fas2 \x select * from pgstattuple('visit_identity'); table_len \| 425984 tuple_count \| 580 tuple_len \| 46977 tuple_percent \| 11.03 dead_tuple_count \| 68 dead_tuple_len \| 5508 dead_tuple_percent \| 1.29 free_space \| 352420 free_percent \| 82.73 \x Vacuum should clear out dead_tuples. Only a vacuum full, which will lock the table and therefore should be avoided, will clear out free space. XID Wraparound Find out how close we are to having to perform a vacuum of a database (as opposed to individual tables of the db). We should schedule a vacuum when about 50% of the transaction ids have been used (approximately 530,000,000 xids): select datname, age(datfrozenxid), pow(2, 31) - age(datfrozenxid) as xids_remaining from pg_database order by xids_remaining; Information on wraparound Restart Procedure If the database server needs to be restarted it should come back on it's own. Otherwise each service on it can be restarted: service mysqld restart service postgresql restart Koji Any time postgreql is restarted, koji needs to be restarted. Please also see Restarting Koji Mirror Manager Anytime postgresql is restarted Mirror Manager will need to be restarted, no SOP currently exists for this Vacuuming Mirror Manager Occasionally our vacuum cron jobs may not keep up with the writes to the mirrormanager database. If this happens, we need to do a vacuum full of mirrormanager's db. (See the dirty table section for a query to tell if this is necessary). The trick with this is making sure the mirrorlist cache isn't updated while we're doing the vacuum. To disable that we can turn off the mirrormanager management interface: $ for i in 2 3 4 5; do ssh app$i supervisorctl stop mirrormanager ; done $ ssh db2 $ sudo -u postgres vacuumdb -fzv --dbname mirrormanager $ for i in 2 3 4 5; do ssh app$i supervisorctl start mirrormanager ; done Bodhi Anytime postgresql is restarted Bodhi will need to be restarted no sop currently exists for this. Smolt Anytime MySQL is restarted, Smolt will need to be restarted. no SOP currently exists for this Note about TurboGears and MySQL Note.png There's a known bug in TurboGears that causes MySQL clients not to automatically reconnect when lost. Typically a restart of the TurboGears application will correct this issue.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
First look: Andrew Yang's "New Way Forward" Andrew Yang will unveil a "New Way Forward" message when he joins other candidates onstage in Des Moines Friday night at the Iowa Democratic Party's Liberty & Justice dinner (formerly the Jefferson-Jackson Dinner). Why it matters: Yang wants to set himself apart by discussing the root causes that led to President Trump, as a way to promote Yang's signature universal basic income for all American adults, which he calls the Freedom Dividend. "Sadly, Donald Trump is not the root of the problem. Your kids were not all right before he got elected ..." "Donald Trump got the problems right ... But his solutions were garbage and nonsense. ... We have to evolve in the way we think about work and value."	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Custom Error Pages without Cpanel If you're looking to create custom error pages the old fashioned way (editing the .htaccess file yourself), look no further. To do so you must first edit an .htaccess file in your public_html directory so that it has the following lines in it: • ErrorDocument 404 /myerrors/404.html • ErrorDocument 403 /myerrors/403.html • ErrorDocument 500 /myerrors/500.html To explain what each part is we'll cut it up: ErrorDocument - the command that tells apache that this is the error document to use for this directory and all directories under it unless a directory under it specifies otherwise. 404 (403 and 500) - The error code that states which error this document is to be called for. /myerrors/404.html (403.html and 500.html) - the document that is to be used if this error should arise. In this case the error documents are located within the /public_html/myerrors/ directory. Please note that you need the / at the beginning so that apache (the web server) knows to start at /public_html/ .With the above used document location, the url remains the same, but the error page is shown. If you wish to have it so the url changes to that of the error page then simply turn it into a url. The example below shows how to do this for the 404 (file not found) error: ErrorDocument 404 http://www.yourdomain.com/myerrors/404.html Should you notice that after doing this, your error page doesn't come up, check spelling, capitalization and the path or url of the error document to make sure it's correct. If it is, then try adding more content to the error page. Some browsers are set so that if there isn't enough content in the error page, they use their own default error page. Was this answer helpful? Print this Article Also Read Blocking IP Addresses If you need to block an IP address from accessing a directory on your site, place the following... How long until my account is setup? Guide to .htaccess http://javascriptkit.com/howto/htaccess.shtml Backup Your Site! ServPlus.net uses a separate ../backup drive on all servers and each night, all data gets... Contacting us for Support To receive support - Please log in to your client area at https://www/mysupportplus.com. Your... Powered by WHMCompleteSolution	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
HBO’s Watchmen is using Easter eggs to signal that it isn’t like the comic Easter eggs are a way for the people behind legacy films or television shows to demonstrate their love of and fidelity to its source material. When showrunners, writers, and directors stick a glancing reference to Luke Cage’s yellow shirt from his 1970s comics in the gritty 2016 Netflix series, it’s a way of nodding to the fans, of saying “We’re fans too, and we can be trusted with your beloved properties.” That seems to be the intention behind the omnipresent Easter eggs in HBO’s new Watchmen series, helmed by Lost and The Leftovers co-creator Damon Lindelof. The visual, narrative, and thematic references to the original Alan Moore / Dave Gibbons comic are obsessive and ubiquitous. But they don’t show that the series is keeping the faith. The Easter eggs inadvertently highlight how different HBO’s Watchmen is from the comic. A Watchmen packed with Easter eggs doesn’t show how faithful Lindelof and crew are to the original. It shows the ways they’re striking out on their own. As a sequel set in the same world as the original comic, the Watchmen series broadly references the original in plot and world-building. The white supremacist group the Seventh Cavalry has adopted Rorschach inkblot masks, inspired by the one worn by Watchmen’s vigilante hero. They quote from his journal, altering the text to make the fascist and racist subtext more explicit. Robert Redford, whose presidential campaign was just getting started at the end of the Watchmen comic, has been president in the series for some 30 years. There’s a miniseries event on TV about the 1940s superhero group the Minutemen, and it plays in the background of many scenes, reiterating, elaborating on, or parodying events from the comic. But there are also a lot of gratuitous visual nods to the original series. These don’t contribute to consistent world-building; they simply wave to fans. Some of the most blatant ones in the pilot episode include: And those are only some of the references in the first episode. As the series continues (the first six episodes were provided to critics), there are many, many more, particularly paralleling the comic’s obsessive imagery around clock faces with the hands nearing midnight. These Easter eggs aren’t thematically or even really visually integrated into the series. The egg-yolk smile doesn’t mean anything in the context of the show except, “Hey, fans of the original Watchmen! Here’s a smiley face!” It’s a fun wink, but that’s a radically different approach to image repetition than Moore’s careful, obsessive parallels in the comic. The most famous example of Moore and Gibbons’ use of visual motifs is the Comedian’s smiley-face button, stained with blood. The first image of the first issue is of the button lying in the gutter. The last image of the last issue is of a man wearing a smiley-face shirt stained with a splotch of ketchup so it matches the opening image. The Watchmen graphic novel starts and ends in the same place. It’s a perfect closed system — a smiley-faced, bloody loop with no escape. Watchmen the comic is remorselessly self-contained. Dave Gibbons’ nine-panel-per-page grid sometimes shifts, as two, three, or four panels fuse into one, but it never opens up. Ominous recurring or parallel images — a nuclear hazard sign, the inkblots on Rorschach’s mask, a butterfly in a frozen wasteland — appear and reappear, not as random in-jokes, but as signposts in Moore’s narrative maze. They’re a reminder that readers can’t get out. Watchmen is meant to put readers in the blue skin of Dr. Manhattan, who sees all time at once, and so is hopelessly frozen in his own destiny. He sees himself as locked in the grid of what he has done and will do. Superhero stories are usually about how remarkable individuals can transform the world. Watchmen is about how even heroes (and in Dr. Manhattan’s case, even god-like beings) can be stuck in the boxes the world creates for them. And even though the comic’s conclusion points to a more peaceful future, it’s hard to see things really improving in its world, or even continuing. Watchmen is a complete and circular story, set in a grim world where inevitable cataclysm is eternally approaching. That uniquely airless sense of sadness and melancholy is one of its primary draws. A Watchmen sequel was, by definition, never going to reproduce that sense of a world that couldn’t support a sequel. The television show is a looser, messier, more seat-of-the-pants affair than the comic, jumping from a recreation of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre to police drama to domestic sit-com in a helter-skelter scramble of genre tropes. That’s part of what gives the series the sense of hope and open possibilities that isn’t much evident in the comic, with its slow, measured tread toward doom. In Watchmen the series, Lindelof and company constantly let viewers know they’re riffing on a past product. That neatly fits the world of the show, which is dedicated to riffing and improvisation, too. President Robert Redford and Tulsa’s leadership are trying to get out of the grid of racism by introducing new policies and new ideas — most notably, reparations and an acknowledgement of racist history. The original Watchmen was a story about a world with no options. The new series is about how people can maybe get from nowhere to somewhere, if they have some imagination and an awareness of where they come from. And that theme is drawn more clearly in upcoming episodes. Lindelof doesn’t drop a yolky smile in his show’s pilot to signal that he’s serving up the same meal Alan Moore offered. He’s showing us that he has an entirely new shell for this story. The TV show keeps nudging fans to remember the original comic so it can show off how it’s trying to go somewhere else. It’s a constant reminder that the show isn’t as thoroughly thought-through and self-contained as the source material. But we already have the Watchmen comic for that. The TV series breaks a few eggs to see what kind of omelet comes out.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 76A.djvu/376 –280– -280- TITLE 5—CIVIL PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE PAET Sec. 1. CIVIL PROCEDUKE GENERALLY 2. PARTICULAR PROCEEDINGS 3. EVIDENCE 1 1501 2501 PART 1—CIVIL PROCEDURE GENERALLY CHAPTER Sec. 1. 3. 5. 7. 9. 11. 13. 15. 17. 1 41 121 161 201 241 451 511 711 GENERAL PBOVIBIONS LIMITATION OF ACTIONS PASTIES COMMENCEMENT OF ACTIONS; SERVICE OF PBOCESS PLEADINGS PROVISIONAL REMEDIES TRIAL JUDGMENT AND EXECUTION PROCEDURE IN MAGISTRATES' COURTS CHAPTER 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec 1. Application of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 2. AdDiiralty procedure; fees and costs. 3. Construction of title. 4. Division of judicial remedies. 5. Action defined. 6. Special proceeding defined. 7. Civil and criminal remedies not merged. 8. Pending action defined. 9. Lost pleadings and papers. § 1. Application of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (a) Except as otherwise provided in this Code, the forms of process writs, pleadings, and motions, and the practice and procedure of the district court in civil actions and proceedings are governed by the then current Federal Rules of Civil Procedure prescribed by the Supreme Court of the United States pursuant to section 2072 of Title 28, United States Code. (b) Where the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure make applicable the law of the State in which the district court is held, the law of the Canal Zone governs proceedings in the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone. The words "state", "district", and "insular possession" include, if appropriate, the Canal Zone. The term "district court" includes the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone. The term "statute of the United States" includes, as far as concerns proceedings in the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone, an Act of Congress locally applicable to and in force in the Canal Zone. § 2. Admiralty procedure; fees and costs The practice and procedure in admiralty in the district court, including fees and costs, is the same as in the United States district courts. § 3. Construction of title The rule of the common law, that statutes in derogation thereof are to be strictly construed, does not apply to this title. This title establishes the law of the Canal Zone respecting the subjects to which it relates, and its provisions and all proceedings under it shall be liberally construed for the purpose of effecting its objects and promoting justice. �	WIKI
Talk:WikiJournal Preprints/Precaution & Safety Methods for Hospital Duty During covid-19 Pandemic Era for Healthcare Workers of Bihar, India: A protective & Supportive Approach Plagiarism check and editorial comments * Plagiarism issues have been detected (noted in more detail below). T.Shafee(Evo﹠Evo)talk 11:15, 1 February 2022 (UTC)	WIKI
Is Artificial Gravity Pulling the Weight of a Hunchback that Slows Him Down This question is more related to physical rather than the forces of gravity. If your back is physically deformed, it will be difficult for you to climb the mountain. This is much different in the case of 2 persons carrying heavy luggage in their backs and trying to reach the top of the mountain. Given the same weights of the 2 persons but different weights they carry on their backs, the common perception will draw the man carrying lighter luggage to reach the peak of the mountain first. But hold on; an important factor has to be considered here, the climbing ability of both men. If the man who carries the heavier load is an expert mountain climber compared the other one, of course he will go ahead of the other even if he has a heavier load. Same is true with both men with different body weights coming down from a parachute, the denser will come down faster than the lesser. But in this case, the strong pressure of air in the sky can be a significant factor to alter the weight and speed in coming down. Artificial gravity is something that occurs caused by a reaction from an action. It is something that push you back when your car speeds off. In this particular case, artificial gravity is caused by acceleration. Artificial gravity can also be brought about by centripetal forces. When a pilot turns the aircraft in a swift manner going to the left, then acceleration is increased pushing the aircraft to the right direction. The same manner as when the car accelerates to the left, the passenger swings to the right. But when the car goes down, your body goes in the same direction. To generate artificial gravity, you need a mass to initiate it. Gravity has its own definition different from artificial gravity. The force of gravity is a mechanism that pulls an object in a downward motion to the ground. Comparing the 2, it is easier to generate artificial gravity. If you are in a merry-go-round spinning intensely, don’t you feel that as if something is taking you out from the center of the wheel? When the mechanism suddenly goes down from the peak, don’t you feel like vomiting due to the extreme force that is pulling you down? This is the same effect as if something is taking you out. Therefore, any force that has strength to push you in any direction or pull you downward is called artificial gravity. Now, if you want to determine how an object’s center of gravity is related to its stability, here is a good example. If you tip an object, you will notice that the force in the center of gravity is increased. In Physics, this is considered as in stable equilibrium. Let’s take the cone as good example. If the center of gravity is decreased when it is gently tipped, it is in unstable equilibrium, same as the cone that has a cone balanced on its tip. If the center of gravity does not go up or down just like a cone on one side, it is considered in a neutral equilibrium. Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
%0 Journal Article %A Marzo, Alessandro Di %A Casale, Michelina %A Trippa, Fabio %A Anselmo, Paola %A Arcidiacono, Fabio %A Draghini, Lorena %A Terenzi, Sara %A Maranzano, Ernesto %T Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Contralateral Kidney Oligometastasis From Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Nephrectomized Patient %D 2021 %R 10.31486/toj.20.0080 %J Ochsner Journal %P 296-300 %V 21 %N 3 %X Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) frequently metastasizes to distal organs such as the lungs, abdomen, bones, and brain. Although rare cases of adrenal gland metastasis from RCC have been described, to our knowledge, no cases have reported the use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in contralateral kidney oligometastasis in a nephrectomized patient with RCC.Case Report: We report a rare case of single contralateral renal metastasis from RCC in a 65-year-old female that occurred 1 year after right radical nephrectomy. At diagnosis of relapse, the patient received targeted therapy with sunitinib for 9 consecutive months, resulting in a partial regression of renal metastasis. To preserve the organ and consolidate response, SBRT was administered to the residual mass. Targeted therapy was temporarily discontinued 15 days before and after SBRT. Total SBRT dose was 40 Gy in 5 daily fractions given with volumetric modulated arc and image-guided technique. Three months later, magnetic resonance imaging documented a complete regression of disease, a result that persisted at the last follow-up 19 months after SBRT.Conclusion: The combination of sequential targeted therapy and SBRT provided an excellent outcome in a patient with a solitary kidney who experienced contralateral kidney metastasis from RCC. This treatment approach was well tolerated and controlled the disease. %U https://www.ochsnerjournal.org/content/ochjnl/21/3/296.full.pdf	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Discussions News: What next? After the Usability report 1. What next? After the Usability report (1 messages) Joanne Bawa has written "What next? After the Usability report," detailing what should happen after the usability report has been written, which might be really useful information... provided usability reports are actually made. Usability is a term used to denote the ease with which people can employ a particular tool or other human-made object in order to achieve a particular goal. Usability can also refer to the methods of measuring usability and the study of the principles behind an object's perceived efficiency or elegance. (From the Wikipedia, of course.) Usability reports are generated from study groups that collect user impressions and usage patterns for a given application. Usability labs are typically found in large software shops, because such studies need to be fairly formal: blind tests, specific focus groups, and - as Ms. Bawa points out - "the softer sciences of psychology, anthropology and sociology; and the harder disciplines of program design; and the sheer reality of commercial product development." Apart from the latter two elements, these aren't found in most places, and even shops that can afford them don't make the investment. The Usability Report is often the final product of a usability test. That makes sense. You were hired (or appointed, or even volunteered) to identify usability issues with a product or web site and document them. Getting that part right is a substantial, and difficult, task. But what comes next? Identifying usability issues doesn't make them go away – it just attracts the (often reluctant) attention of the people who are paid to make them go away. A true usability consultant (versus a usability test administrator) will commonly be asked to make recommendations about what should happen next to a product if its usability (and hence overall commercial success) is to improve. So while the article focuses on what to do after the usability report is written (and ignores how such a report is generated - for that you're on your own!), it does a decent job of highlighting the practice of usability testing in the first place. How do you gauge usability? 2. This is what's next[ Go to top ] Simple, redesign and rewrite!	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Julius Kim Julius Jason Kim is a Korean-American theologian and former president of The Gospel Coalition. Biography Born in Los Angeles, Kim spent part of his childhood in South Korea before returning to California at the age of 12. He received a BA from Vanguard University, M.Div. from Westminster Seminary California, and Ph.D. from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. Kim taught at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School before moving to Westminster Seminary California in 2000, where he is dean of students and professor of practical theology. Ordained in the Presbyterian Church in America, he is also an associate pastor at New Life Presbyterian Church in Escondido, California. As of February 2020, Kim became president of The Gospel Coalition and will demit his responsibilities with Westminster in July 2020.	WIKI
UNITED STATES of America v. Ricardo MARRERO, Appellant. No. 11-2351. United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit. Argued Jan. 26, 2012. Filed: April 25, 2012. Rebecca R. Haywood, Michael L. Ivory [Argued], Office of the United States Attorney, Pittsburgh, PA, for Plaintiff-Appellee. Karen S. Gerlach [Argued], Office of Federal Public Defender, Pittsburgh, PA, for Defendant-Appellant. Before: AMBRO, CHAGARES and HARDIMAN, Circuit Judges. OPINION OF THE COURT HARDIMAN, Circuit Judge. Ricardo Marrero appeals his judgment of sentence after pleading guilty to two counts of bank robbery. Marrero claims the District Court erred in classifying him as a “career offender” under § 4B1.1 of the United States Sentencing Guidelines. Because we agree with the District Court that Marrero’s convictions for simple assault and third-degree murder qualify as “crimes of violence,” we will affirm. I In December 2010, Marrero pleaded guilty to two counts of bank robbery in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a). Thereafter, the Probation Office prepared a Presentence Investigation Report (PSR), which recommended that Marrero be sentenced as a career offender under § 4B1.1 of the United States Sentencing Guidelines (USSG or Guidelines) because he had three convictions for crimes of violence: (1) third-degree murder under 18 Pa. Cons.Stat. Ann. § 2502(c) in 19.97; (2) simple assault under 18 Pa. Cons.Stat. Ann. § 2701(a)(1) in 2004; and (3) the bank robberies in this case. The PSR described Marrero’s third-degree murder conviction as follows. In 1997, a man named Guy Prange approached Marrero and others outside a house in Coatesville, Pennsylvania; and asked for drugs. He was told they did not have any drugs. When Prange began walking away, Marrero ran up and hit him from behind, knocking him to the ground. Marrero then kicked Prange numerous times. Prange died in the hospital twenty-five days later from complications from a ruptured spleen. In September 2002, Marrero pleaded guilty to murder in the third degree. The PSR also indicated that Marrero pleaded guilty to simple assault following two attacks on his wife in 2004. The transcript of Marrero’s guilty plea colloquy states, in relevant part: [Assistant District Attorney]: Your Honor, the defendant is charged with two separate incidents of simple assault. On Information 2804-04, the date of May 29 of 2004 ... the defendant was seen placing his hands • on the victim’s neck. The victim’s name is Lucy Marrero. And he did, at that time, threaten serious bodily injury. On Information 38— The Court: Do you admit those facts? The Defendant: Yes, Sir. [Assistant District Attorney]: On Information 3839-04, the date was April 27, 2004, ... the defendant grabbed Mrs. Marrero by the neck, attempting to drag her upstairs to the second floor. When she. tried.to make a phone call, he ripped the phone cord out of the wall as she was attempting to call 911. The Court: Do you admit those facts? The Defendant: Yes, Sir. The Probation Office concluded that Marrero’s convictions for third-degree murder and simple assault constituted “crimes of violence” under the Guidelines. Accordingly, the PSR classified Marrero as a career offender, which increased his offense level from 21 to 32. After a three-point reduction for acceptance of responsibility, Marrero’s total offense level was 29. The career offender enhancement also increased his criminal history category from IV to VI. See USSG § 4Bl.l(b). This resulted in a final Guidelines range of 151 to 188 months’ imprisonment. Had Marrero not been deemed a career offender, his Guidelines range would have been 57 to 71 months. Marrero objected to the career offender classification, arguing that under Pennsylvania law neither third-degree murder nor simple assault qualifies as a crime of violence because “a conviction for mere recklessness cannot constitute a crime of violence.” The District Court disagreed, holding that he was a career offender under USSG § 4B1.1. According to the District Court, Marrero’s simple assault conviction was a crime of violence because: (1) our decision in United States v. Johnson, 587 F.3d 203 (3d Cir.2009), established that intentional or knowing simple assault under Pennsylvania law is a crime of violence; and (2) the transcript of Marrero’s guilty plea colloquy “indicated that he pled guilty to an intentional and knowing violation of the simple assault statute.” As for Marrero’s third-degree murder conviction, the District Court found that it constituted a crime of violence because “murder” is expressly enumerated as such in Application Note 1 to USSG § 4B1.2. Having found the career offender designation appropriate in Marrero’s case, the District Court agreed with the Probation Office that his applicable Guidelines range was 151 to 188 months’ imprisonment. Marrero sought a below-Guidelines sentence, and the Government opposed that request. Applying the factors set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), the District Court determined that a substantial downward variance was warranted and sentenced Marrero to 96 months’ imprisonment and three years of supervised release. Marrero timely appealed and has raised one issue: his classification as a career offender. If either of his prior offenses is not a crime of violence, Marrero’s sentence, which was based in part on his career offender designation, cannot stand. See, e.g., United States v. Keller, 666 F.3d 103, 109 (3d Cir.2011); United States v. Friedman, 658 F.3d 342, 359 (3d Cir.2011). II The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3231. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a)(1). Whether a prior conviction constitutes a crime of violence for purposes of the career offender Guideline is a question of law over which we exercise plenary review. E.g., Johnson, 587 F.3d at 207. III Our legal analysis begins with the text of the relevant Guidelines. Under USSG § 4B1.1, one is a career offender if: (1) [he] was at least eighteen years old at the time [he] committed the instant offense of conviction; (2) the instant offense of conviction is a felony that is either a crime of violence or a controlled substance offense; and (3) [he] has at least two prior felony convictions of either a crime of violence or a controlled substance offense. Under the Guidelines, “crime of violence” means any offense under federal or state law, punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year, that— (1) has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another, or (2), is burglary of a dwelling, arson, or extortion, involves use of explosives, or otherwise involves conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another. USSG § 4331.2(a). Finally, Application Note 1 to USSG § 4B1.2 provides that “ ‘[cjrime of violence’ includes murder, manslaughter, kidnapping, aggravated assault, forcible sex offenses, robbery, arson, extortion, extortionate extension of credit, and burglary of a dwelling.” A The first question presented is whether Marrero’s Pennsylvania simple assault conviction is a qualifying offense for purposes of the career offender Guideline. See USSG § 4B1.1. Under Pennsylvania law, “[a] person is guilty of [simple] assault if he: (1) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes bodily injury; (2) negligently causes bodily injury to another with a deadly weapon; [or] (3) attempts by physical menace to put another in fear of imminent bodily injury.” 18 Pa. Cons.Stat. Ann. § 2701(a). Apart from “aggravated assault,” assault is not enumerated in either § 4B1.2(a)(2) of the Guidelines or the application note thereto, and neither party argues that Marrero’s simple assault conviction could qualify as a crime of violence under § 4B1.2(a)(l). Therefore, we must determine whether Marrero’s simple assault offense was a crime of violence under the so-called “residual clause” in § 4B1.2(a)(2), which refers to offenses that “otherwise involve[] conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another.” As we noted in Johnson, the Supreme Court’s decision in Begay v. United States, 553 U.S. 137, 128 S.Ct. 1581, 170 L.Ed.2d 490 (2008), altered the analytical framework for residual clause eases. 587 F.3d at 207. Reasoning that the residual clause must be interpreted with reference to the enumerated crimes that precede it — namely, burglary, arson, extortion, and crimes involving the use of explosives — the Supreme Court concluded that the residual clause “covers only similar crimes, rather than every crime that ‘presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another.’” Begay, 553 U.S. at 142, 128 S.Ct. 1581 (quoting 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B)(ii)). Accordingly, “[p]ost-Begay, to qualify as a crime of violence [under the residual clause] the crime in question ‘must (1) present a serious potential risk of physical injury and (2) be “roughly similar, in kind as well as degree of risk posed, to the examples [of burglary, arson, extortion, or use of explosives] themselves.” ’ ” Johnson, 587 F.3d at 207-08 (third alteration in original) (quoting United States v. Polk, 577 F.3d 515, 518 (3d Cir.2009)). And “[a] crime is similar in kind to one of the enumerated examples if it ‘typically involve[s] purposeful, violent, and aggressive conduct.’ ” Id. at 208 (quoting Begay, 553 U.S. at 144-45, 128 S.Ct. 1581). To determine whether Marrero’s case satisfies the residual clause, we first apply the categorical approach prescribed by the Supreme Court in Taylor v. United States, 495 U.S. 575, 602, 110 S.Ct. 2143, 109 L.Ed.2d 607 (1990). This approach requires us to ask “whether the elements of the offense are of the type that would justify its inclusion within the residual provision, without inquiring into the specific conduct of this particular offender.” James v. United States, 550 U.S. 192, 202, 127 S.Ct. 1586, 167 L.Ed.2d 532 (2007); accord Johnson, 587 F.3d at 208. In Be-gay, the Court concluded that the offense of driving under the influence of alcohol did not meet these residual-clause criteria. 553 U.S. at 144-48, 128 S.Ct. 1581. After Begay, “a conviction for mere recklessness cannot constitute a crime of violence” under the residual clause. United States v. Lee, 612 F.3d 170, 196 (3d Cir.2010). As we have explained, the Begay Court’s “repeated invocation of ‘purposefulness,’ and the contrast the Court drew between that state of mind and negligence or recklessness, suggest that a crime committed recklessly is not a crime of violence.” Johnson, 587 F.3d at 210 n. 8. Our sister circuits that have considered this question have reached the same conclusion. See id. (listing cases). We have previously applied Begay and Taylor to determine whether a conviction for simple assault under Pennsylvania law qualifies as a crime of violence under the residual clause of USSG § 4B1.2(a)(2). In Johnson, we held that only “an intentional or knowing violation of subsection (a)(1) of [§ 2701] may qualify as a crime of violence ‘in the ordinary case.’ ” 587 F.3d at 210-12. We reasoned that “there can be no doubt that simple assault is at least as violent and aggressive as the enumerated crimes because a defendant who intentionally or knowingly commits [simple assault] intends to impair the victim’s physical condition or cause her substantial pain, [and] no such objective is required by the enumerated crimes.” Id. at 212. Whether Marrero’s prior conviction was for intentional or knowing simple assault, rather than merely reckless or negligent iterations of the crime, depends on the statutory elements of which Marrero was actually convicted. Id. at 208; accord United States v. Stinson, 592 F.3d 460, 462 (3d Cir.2010). To make this determination, we apply a modified categorical approach, in which we are “generally limited to examining the statutory definition, charging document, written plea agreement, transcript of plea colloquy, and any explicit factual finding by the trial judge to which the defendant assented.” Shepard v. United States, 544 U.S. 13, 16, 125 S.Ct. 1254, 161 L.Ed.2d 205 (2005). Whether one of these Shepard-approved documents “contains sufficient information to permit a conclusion about the character of the defendant’s previous conviction will vary from case to case.” Johnson, 587 F.3d at 213. Marrero concedes that the District Court was permitted to consult his plea colloquy to determine the type of simple assault of which he was convicted. Appellant’s Br. 33. He argues, however, that the District Court’s inquiry was limited to determining only the elements of § 2701(a) to which he pleaded guilty. He claims that the District Court exceeded this boundary by looking to specific facts established during the colloquy rather than solely to any statutory elements set forth in the record. In support, Marrero cites a statement by the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in United States v. Woods, 576 F.3d 400 (7th Cir.2009), that “the additional materials permitted by Shepard may be used only to determine which crime within a statute the defendant committed, not how he committed the crime,” id. at 405. Our inquiry under Shepard’s modified categorical approach is not as constrained as Marrero suggests. It is well-established that where a statute sets forth multiple, divisible ways of committing a particular crime — e.g., where a statute contains separate subsections, elements, or phrases differentiating violent from non-violent ways of committing an offense — the sentencing court may resort to Shepard-approved documents to “determine which statutory phrase (contained within a statutory provision that covers several different generic crimes) covered a prior conviction.” Nijhawan v. Holder, 557 U.S. 29, 37, 129 S.Ct. 2294, 174 L.Ed.2d 22 (2009); accord Johnson v. United States, — U.S. -, 130 S.Ct. 1265, 1273, 176 L.Ed.2d 1 (2010); Chambers v. United States, 555 U.S. 122, 126, 129 S.Ct. 687, 172 L.Ed.2d 484 (2009). In Nijhawan, the Supreme Court expounded upon the proper inquiry in these cases, explaining: [S]ometimes a separately numbered subsection of a criminal statute will refer to several different crimes, each described separately. And it can happen that some of these crimes involved violence while others do not. A single Massachusetts statute section entitled “Breaking and Entering at Night,” for example, criminalizes breaking into a “building, ship, vessel or vehicle.” Mass. Gen. Laws, ch. 266, § 16 (West 2006). In such an instance, we have said, a court must determine whether an offender’s prior conviction was for the violent, rather than the nonviolent, break-ins that this single five-word phrase describes (e.g., breaking into a building rather than a vessel), by examining “the indictment or information and jury instructions,” or, if a guilty plea is at issue, by examining the plea agreement, plea colloquy, or “some comparable judicial record” of the factual basis for the plea. 557 U.S. at 33, 129 S.Ct. 2294. Moreover, Shepard authorizes sentencing courts to look to “any explicit factual finding by the trial judge to which the defendant assented,” which includes far more than merely the precise statutory provision to which the defendant pleaded guilty. See Shepard, 544 U.S. at 16, 125 S.Ct. 1254 (emphasis added). Applying these principles to Marrero’s case, we conclude that the District Court properly examined Marrero’s simple assault plea colloquy transcript — a Shepard-approved document — to determine whether he pleaded guilty to intentional, knowing, or reckless assault. Pennsylvania’s simple assault statute expressly lists those three different ways of violating § 2701(a). Upon examining the plea colloquy transcript, the District Court correctly concluded that Marrero’s conviction was for intentional (or, at the very least, knowing) simple assault. Marrero admitted to placing his hands around his wife’s neck and attempting to pull her up a flight of stairs. This constituted intent to cause bodily injury, which we have already held qualifies as a crime of violence. Johnson, 587 F.3d at 212. B Because Marrero could not properly be designated a career offender unless both of his state convictions were “crimes of violence,” we now consider whether his third-degree murder conviction so qualified. Under Pennsylvania’s general homicide statute, 18 Pa. Cons.Stat. Ann. § 2501(a), “[a] person is guilty of criminal homicide if he intentionally, knowingly, recklessly or negligently causes the death of another human being.” Section 2501(b) classifies homicides as either “murder, voluntary manslaughter, or involuntary manslaughter.” Pennsylvania recognizes three types of murder: (a) Murder of the first degree — A criminal homicide constitutes murder of the first degree when it is committed by an intentional killing. (b) Murder of the second degree — A criminal homicide constitutes murder of the second degree while defendant was engaged as a principal or an accomplice in the perpetration of a felony. (c) Murder of the third degree — All other kinds of murder shall be murder of the third degree. Murder of the third degree is a felony of the first degree. Id. § 2502. Although the statute itself only defines third-degree murder as a catch-all without describing the elements of the offense, the Pennsylvania Superior Court has specified that third-degree murder is “an unlawful killing with malice but without specific intent to kill.” Commonwealth v. Dunphy, 20 A.3d 1215, 1219 (Pa.Super.Ct.2011); accord Commonwealth v. Tielsch, 934 A.2d 81, 84 n. 3 (Pa.Super.Ct.2007). And “malice” is defined as “wickedness of disposition, hardness of heart, cruelty, recklessness of consequences, and a mind regardless of social duty, although a particular person may not be intended to be injured,” [and] malice may be found where the defendant consciously disregarded an unjustifiable and extremely high risk that his actions might cause serious bodily injury. Commonwealth v. DiStefano, 782 A.2d 574, 582 (Pa.Super.Ct.2001) (quoting Commonwealth v. Cottam, 420 Pa.Super. 311, 616 A.2d 988, 1004 (1992)); see also Commonwealth v. Kling, 731 A.2d 145, 148 (Pa.Super.Ct.1999) (“A defendant must display a conscious disregard for almost certain death or injury such that it is tantamount to an actual desire to injure or kill; at the very least, the conduct must be such that one could reasonably anticipate death or serious bodily injury would likely and logically result.”). Based on this definition, Marrero cites Begay to argue that third-degree murder cannot be a crime of violence because malice, the essential mens rea, might entail recklessness only. Marrero’s reliance upon Begay is misplaced, however, because Begay’s prohibition on counting reckless crimes as crimes of violence applies only in residual clause cases. See, e.g., Sykes v. United States, — U.S. -, 131 S.Ct. 2267, 2275-76, 180 L.Ed.2d 60 (2011) (describing Begay as a decision “concerning the reach of ACCA’s residual clause”); United States v. Angiano, 602 F.3d 828, 829 (7th Cir.2010) (finding Begay “inapposite” to a case involving the enumerated offense of burglary of a dwelling under § 2L1.2 of the Guidelines because “Begay ... only classified the prior convictions under the residual clause”); United States v. Patillar, 595 F.3d 1138, 1140 (10th Cir.2010) (describing Begay as a case interpreting the residual clause); see also United States v. Peterson, 629 F.3d 432, 437 (4th Cir.2011) (holding that the generic definition for the enumerated crime of violence of “manslaughter” was a “homicide that ‘is committed recklessly’ ” (quoting Model Penal Code § 210.3 (1962))). Thus, Begay does not control this case. Rather, whether Marrero’s third-degree murder conviction qualifies as a crime of violence depends on the enumeration of “murder” in Application Note 1 to § 4B1.2. Application Note 1 expressly states that the term “ ‘[c]rime of violence’ includes murder.” Consistent with the categorical approach prescribed by Taylor for predicate offenses expressly listed as “crimes of violence,” we previously held that “no inquiry into the facts of the predicate offense is permitted when a predicate conviction is enumerated as a ‘crime of violence’ in [then-]Application Note 2 to § 4B1.2.” United States v. McQuilkin, 97 F.3d 723, 728 (3d Cir.1996) (holding that a defendant’s aggravated assault conviction, even though based on reckless conduct, counted as a crime of violence because aggravated assault was enumerated in the application note); accord United States v. McClenton, 53 F.3d 584 (3d Cir.1995) (holding that burglary of an unoccupied hotel room was a crime of violence because burglary of a dwelling was enumerated in § 4B1.2). Since we decided McQuilkin, nothing has called into question our prior conclusion that offenses listed in what is now Application Note 1 to § 4B 1.2 should be considered “enumerated” offenses for purposes of the crime-of-violence analysis. First, basic interpretative principles and a plain reading of Application Note 1 compel the same conclusion now as we reached in McQuilkin. “[Commentary in the Guidelines Manual that interprets or explains a guideline is authoritative unless it violates the Constitution or a federal statute, or is inconsistent with, or a plainly erroneous reading of, that guideline.” Stinson v. United States, 508 U.S. 36, 38, 113 S.Ct. 1913, 123 L.Ed.2d 598 (1993); accord Johnson, 587 F.3d at 207. Application Note 1 does not conflict with federal law and is not an erroneous reading of USSG § 4B1.2. It merely supplements the numbered provisions of § 4B1.2 and unambiguously states that “ ‘crime of violence’ includes ” ten specific crimes. USSG § 4B1.2 cmt. n. 1 (emphasis added); cf. Taylor, 495 U.S. at 597, 110 S.Ct. 2143 (“[I]f Congress had meant to include only an especially dangerous subclass of burglaries as predicate offenses, it is unlikely that it would have used the unqualified language ‘is burglary ... ’ in § 924(e)(2)(B)(ii) [of ACCA].”). Furthermore, several of our sister circuits have concluded or suggested that the ten offenses listed in Application Note 1 are “enumerated” for purposes of the crime-of-violence analysis. See United States v. Lockley, 632 F.3d 1238, 1242 (11th Cir.2011) (finding that robbery is an enumerated offense); Peterson, 629 F.3d at 436-37 (treating “manslaughter” in U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2(a) cmt. 1 as an enumerated offense); Patillar, 595 F.3d at 1140 (“Nor is larceny from the person one of the offenses enumerated in either § 4B1.2(a)(2) ... or the application note, see id. § 4B1.2 cmt. n. 1....” (emphasis added)); United States v. Walker, 595 F.3d 441, 443-44 (2d Cir.2010) (“[The] application note specifically includes ‘robbery’ as a ‘crime of violence’ under § 4B1.2(a).... [T]he Supreme Court held in Taylor that where a specific offense — in Taylor, burglary — is listed as a qualifying violent felony, ‘then the trial court need find only that the state statute corresponds in substance to the generic meaning of burglary.’ ” (quoting Taylor, 495 U.S. at 599, 110 S.Ct. 2143)); United States v. Otero, 495 F.3d 393, 401 (7th Cir.2007) (“Given that robbery is enumerated as a ‘crime of violence’ under the Guidelines and [the defendant’s] conviction for strong-armed robbery was classified as an adult conviction, the district court did not err in finding that [the defendant] qualified as a career offender.”). Consistent with these precedents, we reaffirm that offenses listed in Application Note 1 are “enumerated” for purposes of the crime-of-violence analysis. The District Court reached the same conclusion, but erred when it held that the enumeration of “murder” was alone sufficient to render third-degree murder under Pennsylvania law a crime of violence. As we shall explain, the Court should have proceeded to apply the additional steps set forth by the Supreme Court in Taylor. In Taylor the Court concluded that Congress did not intend for offenses enumerated as crimes of violence to take on whatever meaning state statutes ascribe to them; rather, Congress sought to use “uniform, categorical definitions ... regardless of technical definitions and labels under state law.” Taylor, 495 U.S. at 590, 110 S.Ct. 2143. The Court reasoned that it was “implausible that Congress intended the meaning of ‘burglary’ for purposes of [ACCA’s] § 924(e) to depend on the definition adopted by the State of conviction.” Id. The Court thus identified a generic definition of burglary that Congress likely intended in the statute, id. at 596-99, 110 S.Ct. 2143, and sought to compare that definition with “burglary” under Missouri law, id. at 602, 110 S.Ct. 2143. Unable to discover in the record which Missouri statute formed the basis for Taylor’s prior convictions, it remanded for further proceedings. Id. The Taylor analysis must be applied in enumerated-offense cases like this one. “Where, as here, the Guidelines specifically designate a certain offense as a ‘crime of violence,’ we compare the elements of the crime of conviction to the generic form of the offense as defined by the States, learned treatises, and the Model Penal Code.” Lockley, 632 F.3d at 1242; accord Peterson, 629 F.3d at 435-37; United States v. Ramon Silva, 608 F.3d 663, 665 (10th Cir.2010); Walker, 595 F.3d at 443-44; United States v. Watkins, 54 F.3d 163, 166 (3d Cir.1995) (comparing a Pennsylvania burglary statute to the “generic” definition of burglary announced in Taylor). In other words, “[f]irst, a court must distill a ‘generic’ definition of the predicate offense based on how the offense is defined ‘in the criminal codes of most states.’ ” Peterson, 629 F.3d at 436 (emphasis omitted) (quoting Taylor, 495 U.S. at 598, 110 S.Ct. 2143). “Second, after finding the generic form of the predicate offense, a court must determine whether the defendant’s prior conviction constituted a conviction of the generic offense ... by comparing the elements of the crime of conviction with the generic offense.” Id. So long as the statutory definition of the prior conviction “substantially corresponds” to the generic definition of the offense, the defendant’s prior offense qualifies as a crime of violence. Taylor, 495 U.S. at 602, 110 S.Ct. 2143; accord, e.g., Ramon Silva, 608 F.3d at 665. If, on the other hand, the “statutory definition of the prior conviction proscribes a range of conduct that is broader than [the] generic [offense],” we look to the Shepard-approved sources to determine whether the jury or judge was required to find or the defendant was required to admit all of the elements of the generic offense in order to be convicted. Ramon Silva, 608 F.3d at 665. We apply this enumerated-offense approach to cases, like this one, in which the crime of conviction is listed in either § 4B1.2(a)(2) or Application Note 1 to § 4B1.2. In Marrero’s case, we begin by adopting a generic definition for “murder.” The goal of a generic definition of an enumerated offense is to capture the “offense as envisioned by the Guidelines’ drafters,” Lockley, 632 F.3d at 1242, by looking to the Model Penal Code (MPC), state laws, and learned treatises. See, e.g., Taylor, 495 U.S. at 598, 110 S.Ct. 2143; Lockley, 632 F.3d at 1242; Peterson, 629 F.3d at 436; Walker, 595 F.3d at 446. As far as we are aware, no federal court has yet adopted a generic definition of murder for the crime-of-violence analysis. The MPC is an ideal starting point. Section 210.2 of the MPC provides that criminal homicide constitutes murder when: (a) it is committed purposely or knowingly; or (b) it is committed recklessly under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life. Such recklessness and indifference are presumed if the actor is engaged or is an accomplice in the commission of, or an attempt to commit, or flight after committing or attempting to commit robbery, rape or deviate sexual intercourse by force or threat of force, arson, burglary, kidnapping or felonious escape. Similarly, Black’s Law Dictionary defines “murder” as “[t]he killing of a human being with malice aforethought.” Id. at 1114 (9th ed.2009). “Depraved-heart murder” is “a murder resulting from an act so reckless and careless of the safety of others that it demonstrates the perpetrator’s complete lack of regard for human life.” Id. “Unintentional murder” is “[a] killing for which malice is implied because the person acted with intent to cause serious physical injury or knew that the conduct was substantially certain to cause death or serious physical injury.” Id. at 1114-15. As with burglary in Taylor, 495 U.S. at 598, 110 S.Ct. 2143, state-law definitions of murder vary widely but share a common definitional strand. The majority of state murder statutes criminalize at least three types of murder: (1) intentional killing; (2) killing during the commission of a felony; and (3) killing that, although unintentional, occurs in the course of dangerous conduct that demonstrates a reckless or malignant disregard for serious risks posed to human life. We incorporate each of these pervasive aspects of contemporary, widely accepted definitions of murder. Cf. Taylor, 495 U.S. at 598, 110 S.Ct. 2143 (concluding that “[although the exact formulations vary, the generic, contemporary meaning of burglary [should] contain! ] at least” several common elements appearing in the examined sources). Accordingly, we hold that murder is generically defined as causing the death of another person either intentionally, during the commission of a dangerous felony, or through conduct evincing reckless and depraved indifference to serious dangers posed to human life. We further hold that the meaning of third-degree murder under Pennsylvania law “substantially corresponds” to the third prong of this generic definition. In Pennsylvania, third-degree murder is “an unlawful killing with malice but without specific intent to kill.” Dunphy, 20 A.3d at 1219. Malice, in turn, involves “hardness of heart, cruelty, and recklessness of consequences.” DiStefano, 782 A.2d at 582. Malice exists “where the defendant consciously disregarded an unjustifiable and extremely high risk that his actions might cause serious bodily injury.” Id. Pennsylvania courts have held that the “reckless disregard for consequences” essential to malice requires that the defendant “display a conscious disregard for almost certain death or injury such that it is tantamount to an actual desire to injure or kill; at the very least, the conduct must be such that one could reasonably anticipate death or serious bodily injury would likely and logically result.” Kling, 731 A.2d at 148. This mens rea requirement for third-degree murder mirrors the “reckless and depraved indifference to the serious dangers posed to human life” in the generic definition we have identified. Thus, third-degree murder under Pennsylvania law is equivalent to the enumerated offense of “murder” and therefore qualifies as a crime of violence under the Guidelines. Ill Because Marrero’s third-degree murder and simple assault convictions both qualify as crimes of violence under USSG § 4B1.2, he was properly designated a career offender under USSG § 4B1.1. It follows that Marrero’s Guidelines range was properly calculated and that the District Court did not err. Accordingly, we will affirm. . Although Begay and several related cases involved sentencing enhancements under the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA), 18 U.S.C. § 924(e), rather than the career offender Guideline, they nevertheless bind our analysis. "Precedent ... requires the application of case law interpreting 'violent felony’ in ACCA to 'crime of violence’ in U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2[] because of the substantial similarity of the two sections.” United States v. Herrick, 545 F.3d 53, 58 (1st Cir.2008); accord, e.g., Hopkins v. United States, 555 U.S. 1132, 129 S.Ct. 995, 173 L.Ed.2d 285 (2009) (mem.) (remanding a career offender case for consideration after the Supreme Court’s ACCA opinion in Chambers v. United States, 555 U.S. 122, 129 S.Ct. 687, 172 L.Ed.2d 484 (2009)); United States v. Hopkins, 577 F.3d 507, 511 (3d Cir.2009) ("[T]he definition of a violent felony under the ACCA is sufficiently similar to the definition of a crime of violence under the Sentencing Guidelines that authority interpreting one is generally applied to the other.... ”). . All fifty states and the District of Columbia recognize intentional or premeditated murder, and forty-four states and the District of Columbia define a felony murder offense. At least thirty states define a form of unintentional murder involving a substantial likelihood of death, indifference (often “extreme indifference”) to the value of human life, an abandoned, malignant, or depraved heart, express or implied malice, or recklessness. Comp. Stat.	CASELAW
Lubrication properties of castor oil - Potential basestock for biodegradable lubricants© Svajus Asadauskas, Joseph M. Perez, J. Larry Duda Research output: Contribution to specialist publicationArticle 97 Scopus citations Abstract Viscosity, oxidative stability, deposit formation, volatility, lubricity and additive compatibility of castor oil (88+% ricinoleic) were compared to super-refined mineral oil (SRMO) and high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO). A satisfactory viscosity index (VI) of 90 and the extraordinarily high viscosity of castor oil can be related to hydrogen bonding of hydroxy monounsaturated triglycerides. When oxidized in thin film microoxidation test on a steel surface at 225°C under controlled air flow, castor oil showed deposit forming tendencies tower than HOSO but much higher than SRMO. Both vegetable oils had low volatility and demonstrated similar high molecular weight oxidation product formation tendencies at 175°C. Castor oil solubilized higher concentrations of antioxidants, but the oxidative stability of the formulation was lower when compared to HOSO. Without additives castor oil was comparable to other vegetable oils and superior to SRMO in performance on the four-ball wear tester. Original languageEnglish (US) Pages35-40 Number of pages6 Volume53 No12 Specialist publicationLubrication Engineering StatePublished - Dec 1997 All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes • Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Lubrication properties of castor oil - Potential basestock for biodegradable lubricants©'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. Cite this	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Prevalence and intensity of blood and intestinal parasites in a field population of a Mediterranean lizard, Lacerta lepida. L. Amo, J. A., Fargallo, J., Martínez-Padilla, J., Millán, P., López and J. Martín. 2005. Prevalence and intensity of blood and intestinal parasites in a field population of a Mediterranean lizard, Lacerta lepida. Parasitology Research, 96: 413-417. We describe the blood and intestinal parasites in the Ocellated lizard, Lacerta lepida, examining the factors that determine the prevalence and intensity of infection of haemogregarines, and the prevalence of coccidia and nematodes. In relation to haemogregarines, no juveniles were detected as being infected, whereas 71.7 % of adults were infected. The prevalence of infection was positively related to the size of the adults. There were no differences between seasons or sexes in the prevalence or intensity of infection in adults. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of infection by nematodes between ages or sexes, nor in relation to the size of adult lizards, but adult lizards excreting coccidian oocysts tend to be smaller. During the mating period, reproductive activities lead to a decrease in the body condition. However, neither the intensity of haemogregarine’s infection nor the prevalence of intestinal parasites was related to the lizards’ body condition. Impact factor: 1,23	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
1. 20 1. 6 The post could be summed up as use memory-safe languages because they’re better at not introducing vulnerabilities that involve memory manipulation. Most people coding in C or C++ know that. We can only win so many of them over talking safety. We might be better off talking about benefits such as easier to build large programs, catch more kinds of errors (esp temporal or races in Rust), super-easy to call existing C code, and so on with specific alternatives. Yet, C and C++ both have a lot of tooling to back them to smooth over some of their rough edges. We’ll probably need more examples of realistic code showing how these languages make it easier to accomplish the users’ goals on top of the safety benefits. An example is Wirth-style languages compiling really fast for quick iterations. I was told D, a C++ alternative, was quick too. Now, the other problem is that many won’t transition from C or C++. That will be true for critical projects. So, we need tools and methods to do what you described: knock out as many vulnerabilities as possible before the code even runs. We also need a reference sheet for stuff like that. That might have guidelines for safe/secure coding, tools that enforce that highlighting deviations at the least, libraries for reference counting, libraries for safer operations, a list of static analyzers, design-by-contract combined with property-based testing like theft, and fuzz testers. Maybe some runtimes to use during testing that can catch problems a la dynamic analysis. Remember that most high-assurance software is written in C language. It’s clearly doable with right restrictions, tool support, and most of all time and focus on QA. That folks rarely have the time for the latter is probably our strongest argument in favor of efficient, memory-safe languages. They’ll miss something. Better that the result of that not be critical. But, if they want to ignore our recommendation, we have these other recommendations for C and C++ that improve its security as shown in (examples here). As an example, I just submitted the write-up on Mars Code done in C: https://lobste.rs/s/it3pd0/mars_code_building_robust_software_2012 1. 2 checked C from microsoft research really interested me, but i was disappointed it was a fork of clang instead of just a compiling to regular C. 1. 1 Yeah, best thing to do these days is just generate C. There’s just been so much work on the C compilers it’s doubtful any other languages’ compilers will catch up soon. If you’re looking at stuff for C safety, I’ll just drop what links I can remember on that topic. There sadly haven’t been many that were worth remembering. Here’s four in one survey paper: https://www.cs.uic.edu/pub/Main/PhDQualifyingExam/Sample4.pdf One of the Cyclone people dusted it off maybe in a form for people to try out: http://trevorjim.com/unfrozen-cyclone/ Lastly, there was Clay that one team built and Lea Wittie kept building things on. It’s a C-like language with dependent types (esp linear) for memory safety, pre/post conditions for other checks, and outputs C++ for some reason instead of C. The Laddie thing for drivers I just submitted extracts to Clay. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=C415FA6A08DD59EBB5C0825D0F229AE1?doi=10.1.1.490.8573&rep=rep1&type=pdf https://www.eg.bucknell.edu/~lwittie/research.html Have fun with those.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Congressional Russia investigators to interview British publicist (CNN)Rob Goldstone, the British publicist who arranged and attended the June 2016 meeting at Trump Tower in New York between Donald Trump Jr. and a Russian lawyer, will testify before the House and Senate intelligence committees as early as next week, sources familiar with the matter told CNN. The agreement for Goldstone to appear before the congressional Russia panels is the latest sign that the music publicist is ready to cooperate with the investigations into Russian meddling in the 2016 US elections. Last month, Goldstone said he was ready to come to the United States to talk to special counsel Robert Mueller, though a date was not set. "I'm keen to talk to them and put my recollection of events in the public record," Goldstone said in an interview with The Sunday Times. "After the story initially broke, it seemed to quiet down for a while. But now it's back in the news with such force, I feel it's time for me to explain what happened." Goldstone was thrust into the middle of the Trump-Russia story earlier this year when the Trump Tower meeting of Trump Jr.; Trump's son-in-law, Jared Kushner; former campaign chairman Paul Manafort; and Russian lawyer Natalia Veselnitskaya was revealed. In emails pitching Trump Jr. on the meeting, Goldstone said Veselnitskaya was able to provide the Trump campaign with "some official documents and information that would incriminate Hillary (Clinton) and her dealings with Russia." Goldstone's email also said the information being offered was "part of Russia and its government's support for Mr. Trump." "I love it," Trump Jr. responded to Goldstone. Goldstone set up the meeting on behalf of his client, Russian pop star Emin Agalarov, whose father, Aras, is a Russian real estate mogul with ties to Russian President Vladimir Putin. Trump Jr. and the other meeting attendees have maintained that the meeting was instead focused on US sanctions against Russia, rather than dirt on Clinton. The congressional Russia panels have interviewed most of the eight people who attended the meeting, including Russian-American lobbyist Rinat Akhmetshin, translator Anatoli Samochornov and Agalarov associate Ike Kaveladze. Both panels have also spoken to Kushner, and Trump Jr. is scheduled to appear before the House Intelligence Committee on Wednesday. The Senate panel expects to talk to him later this month. Senate Intelligence Chairman Richard Burr of North Carolina has said he wanted to speak to all the other meeting participants if possible before talking to Trump Jr. A lawyer for Goldstone declined to comment Tuesday.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
China permanent residency proposal: Racist backlash spills onto Twitter A proposed law that would make it slightly easier for foreigners to get a permanent residency in China set off a slew of racist and xenophobic backlash on Chinese social media, that eventually spilled over to Twitter. But the U.S. social media company says many of those tweets do not violate its policies and some remain online. The posts, which use offensive language and racial slurs, are a response to a proposed legislation at the end of February by Beijing that appears to ease some of the requirements for foreigners to get a permanent residency or so-called "green card" in China. With the proposed law, China is looking to attract overseas workers in areas such as science and technology, people with big investments in the country and talent to fill shortages in the economy. "From this exposure draft and this broadened eligibility criteria, we see the intent of the Chinese government to attract more foreign talents through a long-term working period in China," Dezan Shira & Associates, a professional services firm helping companies do business in Asia, said in a recent article. The company noted that "stringent criterion" still apply,however. Despite this, Chinese "netizens" — or people on social media — were up in arms about the proposal. A hashtag that translates as "regulations on the administration of permanent residence of foreigners," was widely-used on Weibo, a microblogging site in China. But that hashtag and posts related to it were quickly banned on the service by the country's censors. The conversation moved onto Twitter, using the same hashtag. Several tweets, directed at black people and Africans, used the "N word." A couple of these tweets had been taken down, but several still remain. CNBC cannot show these tweets here due to the offensive and racist language. Others were more subdued. A spokesperson for Twitter declined to comment when contacted by CNBC. Twitter's hateful conduct policy says users "may not promote violence against or directly attack or threaten other people on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, caste, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, religious affiliation, age, disability, or serious disease. " "We prohibit targeting individuals with repeated slurs, tropes or other content that intends to dehumanize, degrade or reinforce negative or harmful stereotypes about a protected category," the policy reads. The previous permanent residency rules in China were released in 2004. Since then, 20,000 foreigners have been granted a residency card, according to Li Qing, director of talent research at Beijing-based think-tank, the Center for China and Globalization, who was quoted in Global Times, a state-backed publication. In comparison, nearly 1.1 million people got a green card in the U.S. in 2018, according to the Department of Homeland Security. Despite China's rapid development, immigrants have never been a huge part of the Chinese population. In 2019, they accounted for just 0.1% of the entire population in the world's second-largest economy, according to the United Nations. Some notable names that have received a Chinese permanent residency include former NBA star Stephon Marbury.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Talk:Men's 100 metres world record progression Chart * The chart is great! Please add one for the women's 100m Jimaginator 11:05, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC) * The graph on this page is on top of the chart in Firefox. Phoenix2 13:53, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC) * A quick explanation of the error bars in the chart's legend is necessary. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 18:10, 1 September 2008 (UTC) THIS HAS GOT TO BE THE WORST CHART EVER. IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO READ! Take a look at the Mile progression for a better type of chart.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 14:00, 27 July 2012 (UTC) false graph The fitted curve to the results is certainly wrong and the forcast record for future years is wrong, If you could supply me with the raw data in spreadsheet form I will prouce something better (nothing can be certain) Two points to notice * 1) early records rely on inaccurate mechanical stopwatches. * 2) Logarithmic fitting is never correct for human cababilities: since logarithms are unbounded whereas human capability is certainly bounded. author please reply direct to davidseed at ntlworld dot com Indeed, we really shouldn't have a regression line on the graph, it is completely meaningless. There is no stated theory that the world record is decreasing at a logarithmic rate, nor is Wikipedia the place for original reasearch. ed g2s • talk 15:47, 13 May 2006 (UTC) I wish the graph had a line <IP_ADDRESS> There is a good plot, with a fitted line, and a good discussion of how it was derived and the problems with deriving it at http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/08/bolt-is-freaky.html?npu=1&mbid=yhp. Although the fitted line does not correctly predict Bolt's amazing records, it provides a context by which to evaluate 100-m progress, Bolt, and possible future records. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:47, 28 August 2008 (UTC) Difference between manual and electronic timing... Dear anonymous editor, Before electronic timing was introduced, the results of the 100 metres were measured to the nearest tenth of one second. That's why the record goes from "9.9" with manual timing, to 9.95 with electronic. --Robert Merkel 01:46, 18 May 2006 (UTC) Gatlin's record According to a USADA press release on his case, (PDF): "The period of ineligibility will begin on August 15, 2006 with credit given since the time Gatlin began serving a provisional suspension on July 25, 2006. Unless otherwise reduced, the period of ineligibility will run through July 24, 2014. Additionally, Gatlin forfeits his competitive results on and subsequent to April 22, 2006, the date the sample was collected." According to the last sentence wouldn't he also forfeit his record equalling time recorded in May 2006? Deon Steyn 06:26, 9 January 2007 (UTC) * From what I've heard, yes, he will most likely forfeit his record. However, while the USADA may be carrying out the drug testing, it is up to the IAAF to disqualify the record, since it was already ratified. Mipchunk 07:23, 9 January 2007 (UTC) * Agreed, from the press release it seems the time will stand until the process is finalised. --Deon Steyn 06:28, 11 January 2007 (UTC) Disqualified times I have added the disqualified times to the table, but gave them a slightly different background and used the strikeout font and added references. Granted, they were removed from the record books as official times, but these times were run and it is important to see how many times record were removed due to drug use (Johnson, Montgomery and soon Gatlin) and when these events happened and what the times were... the strikeout font makes it pretty clear that they were removed, but we can still see them now. What do you guys think? --Deon Steyn 06:28, 11 January 2007 (UTC) * That looks fine. Being picky, I wouldn't actually put Ben Johnson's 9.79 run as a disqualified world record, as it was never ratified as a world record by the IAAF. Understandably, people generally think that, if you run a time faster than anybody else, you become the "world record holder", but in the realm of athletics, no world record is a record unless the IAAF says so.Mipchunk 01:41, 12 January 2007 (UTC) * Glad you like it. Didn't realise that about Johnson's 9.79. We should definitely add a reference to that. --Deon Steyn 08:15, 12 January 2007 (UTC) * Sounds good. Nice work. Mipchunk 16:11, 12 January 2007 (UTC) I don't think Johnson's 9.79 should be included in the record progression as it was never ratified as a world record. His 9.83 should be, as should Montgomery's 9.78 and Galtin's 9.77 as they were all ratified records (whatever the outcome of the latter). And, I know this is confusing as it isn't chronological, but the "proper" record progression should be: Smith 9.93; Johnson 9.83; Lewis 9.93; Lewis 9.93; Lewis 9.92 as those were the records in the order they were recognized by the IAAF, the IAAF saying, after nullifing Johnson's 9.83 in 1989 that Lewis was deemed to have tied Smith's record in finishing second to Johnson at Rome in '87 and in beating Johnson in Zurich in '88, then to be the current record holder (in 1989) at 9.92. Though I am pretty sure this became official on January 1, 1990. Canada Jack 00:28, 14 February 2007 (UTC) flags Is there any chance that the flags of countries as they were at the time the records were set could be displayed? Canada didn't have that flag in 1930, nor South Africa that flag in the 1960s, etc. 01:02, 27 August 2007 (UTC) * Of course, I changed them. It's OK now. Vanjagenije (talk) 22:33, 16 August 2009 (UTC) * USA flag had less stars before 1950, but that could not be seen on such a small flag. I'm not going to change that. Vanjagenije (talk) 00:42, 17 August 2009 (UTC) Jim Thorpe Removed from the Discrepancies section: Because: Looks like stealth vandalism to me. jnestorius(talk) 22:31, 10 September 2007 (UTC) * Jim Thorpe was rumored to have run the 100 m dash in 10.9 at the 1912 Olympics, but this has never been verified. * 1) 10.9 is slower than the 1912 record of 10.6 * 2) The Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics - Men's decathlon page says he ran 11.2 and placed 3rd in the 100m. Fifths versus Tenths I've changed 10.6 to 10$$\tfrac{3}{5}$$ and 10.4 to 10$$\tfrac{2}{5}$$ in the table; in the same way as the change from tenths to hundredths in 1975-6, there was a change some time in the late 20s from fifths to tenths. Page 175 of the "Running Through the Ages" book I've cited also says Paddock was denied a claimed record of 9.5s for 100yd in 1926 as the ratifiers refused to allow tenths of a second. (They were probably right, but that's another story...) The progress graph should also be updated to used wider bands for those early records. jnestorius(talk) 22:56, 10 September 2007 (UTC) * Just because it was poorly measured doesn't change the fact that 10.6 = 10$$\tfrac{3}{5}$$ - measuring discrepancies should be noted elsewhere on the page rather than having a mixture of fractions and decimals. QmunkE 19:47, 14 September 2007 (UTC) * On the contrary, 10.6 is not equal to 10$$\tfrac{3}{5}$$: As absolute mathematical quantities they are the same, but as measurements they differ. They are both approximations, with the same measured value but different measurement error. The graphic illustrating the article interprets 10.6 as (10.55~10.65); whereas 10$$\tfrac{3}{5}$$ would be (10.5~10.7). * I am prepared to sacrifice consistency of formatting in the interests of being accurate. If we wanted maximum consistency, all the measurements would be to two decimal places: 10.60, 10.40, 10.30, ... 9.77, 9.74. This would obviously be false consistency. * It misleading to show the record improving from 10.6 in 1920 to 10.4 in 1921: it looks like an impressively big jump when in fact it is the minimum possible increment. In contrast, expressing this as 10$$\tfrac{3}{5}$$ to 10$$\tfrac{2}{5}$$ makes this more obvious. Alternatively, to make this still more explicit we could separate the "hand timing" section into "hand timing: fifths" and "hand timing: tenths". jnestorius(talk) 21:14, 14 September 2007 (UTC) * I agree, leave the fractions, it is a very important aspect of the times that is often forgotten. David D. (Talk) 20:05, 15 September 2007 (UTC) So why were the fractions changed back to decimals by QmunkE? Were there others that agreed with his line of reasoning? David D. (Talk) 08:13, 9 November 2007 (UTC) * I completely agree with the above editor's point about rendering times as fractions. It seems that others want a "consistent" look here, but the problem is that the history of track and field is NOT consistent when it came to times. I had the identical problem on the mile progression page where someone saw fit to put everything into decimals, including 3/4 which they rendered as .8. * I think it is crucial to note that old timing methods were not nearly as accurate as what we have now, and to render something as a decimal implies a level of accuracy not achieved. It's the same reason why we don't now, with times to 1/100 th of a second, go back and add an extra zero to old times to make the numbers "consistent" - because the previous times were only accurate to 1/10th, not to 1/100th as doing so would imply. Canada Jack 16:33, 15 November 2007 (UTC) And... come to think of it, adding "hand-timing" labels adds a complexity to the page. Because sometimes, especially at the Olympics, races were either automatically timed or semi-automatic. The latter being the time was started electronically by the firing of the starting pistol, but stopped by a hand-timer. Further, the fact that a time is to the 10th doesn't necessarily mean it was hand-timed - races often were only done to the tenth - even electronically - as the need for 100ths in sprint events wasn't until, I think, 1976. Canada Jack 16:39, 15 November 2007 (UTC) * Looking at the page again, I see a basic problem - the assumption is that if the time is to the tenth, it is a "manual" time. This is true in most cases, but as I note above, some of those times to the tenth were likely electronically timed. Someone as I also noted went about to make these changes on other pages but likely doesn't realize it is as cut-and-dried as he thinks it is. I suggest we simply this by noting that from 1976 times were ratified to the hundredth of a second rather than employing original research to determine which times were or were not "manual." Canada Jack 17:16, 15 November 2007 (UTC) * Where a race prior to 1976 had electronic timing, the reported time generally is a manual time rather than a rounded-off electronic time; e.g. Armin Hary's 10.0 WR in 1960 was e-timed at 10.25, which would have been rounded to 10.2 (if not 10.3). E-timing was mostly a disregarded side-effect of photo-finish equipment. No doubt too, the accuracy of e-timing has improved over the years. * I think this page should ideally include: * all IAAF-recognized WRs; clearly marked as such and distinguished from non-IAAF-ratified times * ancillary race info: hand/semi/auto timed; cinder/tartan track; wind speed; altitude; what competition * mention any changes to the IAAF record-setting criteria: as well as the fifths/tenths/hundredths and manual/auto changes, there may have been others: was the 2m/s wind limit established in 1912? starting blocks? false starts? etc * pre-IAAF (1912) reputably-reported WRs * all unratified times equal or better than the contemporary IAAF-WR, ideally explaining why it failed to be ratified; this could include races run outside the auspices of the IAAF, Paddocks's 110yds, drug DQs like Ben Johnson's 9.79, and WA times like Obadele Thopson's 9.69 * progressive best e-times pre-1976, on a similar basis to pre-1912 WRs * the e-time corresponding to any hand-time listed (where it has one) * Assuming anyone endorses my suggestion, ensuing issues are: * data for 4,5,6: This site is the most comprehensive-looking list I could find, but it has no references. It could be possible to pick off the races on the list one by one; the list could never claim to be comprehensive, but still interesting * data for 7: David Wallechinsky's book has the Olympics times, but I dunno how easy it would be for other races. * data for 2: some easier than others * data for 3: seems like research in the IAAF archives * how to present all the disparate information in a clear format; is a single sortable table feasible, or would segregated lists be better? * Maybe this is too ambitious, but one can dream. jnestorius(talk) 20:27, 15 November 2007 (UTC) I'm not entirely sure about this, but weren't a lot of those photo-timers in fact semi-electronic, meaning a manual start but with the photo-finish time recorded? My underlining point is that to separate into "manual" and "electronic" timing is misleading and not accurate. AS for the previous times to 1976, we must recall that Jim Hines' world record was ratified, when he set it, as 9.9 seconds. In THAT case, his record was electronically determined, but owing to the rules in effect in 1968 and 1969, his time was recognized as 9.9. Of course, his record was not surpassed until 1983 and since his was the record - and had been electronically times to the hundredth, his record became seen as 9.95. But how many of those other times ratified at 10.0 were in fact electronically recorded? We also have to recognize the difference between RATIFIED times and actual times run. Going into what was ACTUALLY run - as you note with Hary - ignores what the IAAF deemed to be the official time. And for better or worse, hand-timed feats took precedence for a long time, despite the presumed accuracy of the electronic measures. But I think you have some great suggestions here, though I'm not sure we should attempt a reconstruction of electronic "records" as that would be original research. Canada Jack 21:55, 15 November 2007 (UTC) * Bob Sparks of the Association of Track and Field Statisticians (ATFS) has some info on historic timing regulations here; there's UK-specific info here. (Mr Sparks' site does not seem to have been updated since 2002, at which time he was receiving leukaemia treatment.) ATFS should also be a citable source for some of the other extra data; I don't have a copy of their annual. I agree that a random selection of "the fastest autotimes a few Wikipedians unearthed" is unacceptable, but if ATFS had a list it would be citable. jnestorius(talk) 23:28, 15 November 2007 (UTC) * Unfortunately Bob Sparks is no longer with us which explains why there have been no further updates. David D. (Talk) 21:06, 16 November 2007 (UTC) * Alas! I feared as much. jnestorius(talk) 22:05, 16 November 2007 (UTC) Great link. I have changed the headings to reflect the introduction of fully automatic timing from 1976, and supplied a link to Sparks' page. And I eliminated the reference to "manual" timing above, simply indicating the year span of the records, 1912-1976. I still think we should re-introduce fractionals, but I believe we should find a source which distinguishes between times to the fifth (rendered as a fraction) and times to the tenth (rendered to the tenth). And though Sparks' page is good for when the 1/100th rule came into effect, it would be great if someone could find a source which has the rules going back to 1912, the founding of the IAAF. If that is forthcoming, I suggest a note under the "1912-1976" title saying something like "timing rules evolved over the years as timing accuracy improved (see below)" and then at the bottom of the page we should have a chronology of timing changes. So, something like... "1912-1945 records ratified to fifth of a second..." (for example, I'm making that up...) As for the suggestion that fastest autotimes if ATFS has a list, I think that is beyond the scope of the page even if such a list exists. Those times, after all, were not records as we understand records. And since records were so spotty and rare until the 1960s, such a list would be, in my view, essentially meaningless and trivial. Canada Jack 15:36, 16 November 2007 (UTC) * OK, you've convinced me; though it would still be good to give an auto time, if any, for those hand times we do list. jnestorius(talk) 22:05, 16 November 2007 (UTC) Sure, I think that's entirely appropriate. I ran into a similar issue on the world record progression for the mile run page, and noted the "actual" times run and the ratified times. In that case, the "actual" times were noted in the progression, and the different ratified times were noted below. Probably would be best to do the reverse here otherwise the progression will look messy. In the case of the mile, it wasn't until 1981 that times to the 1/100th of a second became mandatory, and there were several instances of records which were ratified to the tenth of a second previously but where the electronic time was also known. And, some times run to the tenth were ratified to the nearest fifth of a second due to the rounding rules then in effect. For example, most famously John Landy broke Bannister's mile record with a run of 3:57.9, which was ratified at 3:58.0 due to the rounding rules then in effect. Canada Jack (talk) 00:01, 17 November 2007 (UTC) Fuzzy Reference "Record rescinded after positive test during 1988 Olympics" - First off, that's just a statement, not a reference. Second off, tested positive for what? Drugs? Alcohol? Steroids? Jedibob5 00:27, 12 September 2007 (UTC) * Those footnotes, in this case, are not necessarily references. They are just notes. But you're right, it is unclear - positive for steroids. Mipchunk 01:52, 12 September 2007 (UTC) theoretical fastest speed what is the fastest a human being could possibly run, and if someone used performance enhancing drugs how much faster could they run? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:15, 2 June 2008 (UTC) * No one really knows. Certainly nobody will be running sub-9. But this discussion is not really related to the article at hand. Mipchunk (talk) 00:30, 3 June 2008 (UTC) Times by drug users I don't think that we should be treating the times that were disqualified by drug use any differently than the others. Of course the official organizations have to take the times of drug-users out of their records to discourage drug use. But we, on the other hand, are an encyclopedia; we should not be in the business of judging what drugs will get people off of lists. If a 100 metres is verifiability run by a human man in record-breaking time, it should be on this list even if some committee considers them a cheater. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:49, 21 August 2008 (UTC) * The problem with this approach is there is a sanctioning body which assesses and ratifies world records, and the page explicitly identifies the records as having being ratified by that body. Wikipedia dictates we rely on reliable sources, more specifically "Reliable sources are credible published materials with a reliable publication process; their authors are generally regarded as trustworthy or authoritative in relation to the subject at hand." On this page, that source would be the IAAF. Canada Jack (talk) 15:54, 22 August 2008 (UTC) Manual vs Electronic, Paddock's "record" Before we get into an edit war, there is a reason the "manual" and "electronic" titles were omitted. That is because some of the "manual" times were in fact fully electronic times. This has been a consistent problem on some of these pages where, it would seem, the presumption from some is that any time to the tenth of a second is "manual," and to the 100th is electronic. While the latter may be so, the former is not. Canada Jack (talk) 17:24, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * And Charlie Paddock's 10.2 was never considered a world record as he ran a different distance than the 100 metres. Accordingly, it should not be in the record progression. Canada Jack (talk) 17:31, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * the link I gave you and which I plan to use after expansion clearly refers to hand timing, while also offering for a few of them 1/100ths (see the bottom of the 9.9 set) - which I assume were electronicly timed, but ratified 7 rounded to some 1/10th value. Nergaal (talk) 17:38, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * Also, the simple deletion of the 0.24s and the 1921 time does not contribute to the article itself. If this is to be featured, those facts need to be covered somehow in the article, be they in the notes section or in the text. Nergaal (talk) 17:40, 3 September 2008 (UTC) Ah, one more thing: is there any reason to doubt this site? http://www.athletix.org/Statistics/wr100men.htm Nergaal (talk) 17:46, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * Uh, yes. Because it contradicts what you are trying to insert. Canada Jack (talk) 17:58, 3 September 2008 (UTC) If you look at the linked progression, you will see under "hand-timed" four times which are in fact electronically timed. It is for that very reason we changed the title months ago from "manual" (which, by the way is not what the source called it anyway) to "1912-1976." It would seem you would choose to rename this, inaccurately, "manual." Why, prey tell? It's not "original research" to simply note the years instead of the incorrect titles from the source. Is it also "original research" to insert ":" instead of the character the source uses? More to the point, if you want to be strict about citation, when I simply had a descriptive title, then how do you justify inserting the Paddock mark which is not included in the progression? As for the ".24" rule, that, clearly, is wrong. It may have been a rule at one point, but, again, look at the athletix site, where it is quite apparent they are not applying this "official rule" to the electronic times there. How do you get 9.9 from Hines' 9.95 in 1968, for example, if that was the rule? A lot of these sites have great information but have the wrong context. So, let's discuss any of these changes, get consensus, and move accordingly. Canada Jack (talk) 18:00, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * Nergaal, I;ve seen you've reinserted your changes. Please return the page to its original form, we can then discuss your changes, and, once consensus is reached, move accordingly. Canada Jack (talk) 18:03, 3 September 2008 (UTC) LOL! * 1) so the ref is unreliable because it contradicts what am I saying? good point! * 2) paddock IS in the ref and he is clearly shown under what conditions * 3) I already explained my point about hadn timing! It is a HAND TIMING ERA because times measured by hand WERE accepted! After that, ONLY electronic times were accepted. When IAAF will switch to the 1/1000ths, the today's records will be called thousandths era even though some are known to the thousands. * 4) what is with the ":" OR? * 5) If you paid any attention I have rephrased the 0.24 part. It is still not the best phrasing possible (and I will improve it) but it offers the reader a good idea why 9.95 was better than 9.9 and why after obtaining 6 times 9.9 times in a few years, it took decades to actually get back there. Nergaal (talk) 18:30, 3 September 2008 (UTC) Ah, and one more thing: consensuses take forever! If the table shows ALL the best times obtained, separately labeling the unofficial/unrecognized/retracted times with some color code for example, then the text will be clear! White for still recognised, red for retracted, yellow for never recognized and so on. Nergaal (talk) 18:33, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * Alright, well, I've looked carefully at the progression given on the Athletix site, and as far as I can tell, it is correct. As such, Charlie Paddock's time of 10.2 over 110 yd was never ratified by the IAAF and therefore is not a world record. Also, notably, Carl Lewis's pair of 9.93 performances were never ratified as the world record (because of Ben Johnson), though I would guess it would be a serious point of contention as to whether to include his times in this list, as his performances would have equaled the world record were it not for Ben Johnson's time preventing the USATF from forwarding the performance for ratification. * The so-called 0.24 correction factor is completely unreliable. It is an arbitrary number created by track and field enthusiasts to help compare manual times to automatic times. Depending on the venue, timers could be very good (fast), or relatively bad (slow). At the Olympics, the timers employed were some of the best in the world, and errors in their hand-timing could have been under 0.10 potentially. Indeed, before 1976, only manual times were forwarded for world record ratification. In the case of Jim Hines' 9.9h and 9.95, the 9.95 was the true time recorded by the automatic timing, while the 9.9 came from a team of hand timers who were also present at that race. As you can see, the 0.24 correction factor is never used in any official manner, and clearly the timers used at these Olympics are probably far better than the average timers. I would say that "Hand-timing (1912-1976)" is a suitable label for the first part of the progression. * Some last thoughts. Firstly, unofficial times should NOT be listed whatsoever, as this completely defeats the purpose of world records, which are set under very carefully controlled conditions to ensure that nothing fishy was going on. Perhaps Paddock didn't run 10.2 over 110 yd - how can we tell? Was there a trio of IAAF-certified timers? Who knows? Who was overseeing the meet (was it IAAF-sanctioned?) ? I don't know where to find such information from such a long time ago. Secondly, there probably will never be a time when 100 m times are recorded to the 1000th of a second, as the resolution for this precision is overshadowed by variations in the length of the track. Improving the 100 m world record by 0.001 s would not be meaningful as we cannot ensure that the individual actually ran over 100 m faster, since manufacturing methods allow for the length of a track to be slightly off by as much as a centimetre. Finally, I don't like how the revoked world records are in red, as this color stands out much more than the allowed records, seemingly indicating that the reader's attention be drawn to these performances more than the other ones. Perhaps they should be placed in a separate list, or perhaps just removed all together, with their mention only in the notes? Mipchunk (talk) 19:19, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * I don't care about the exact 0.24 value but my point was to give an estimate, and if necessary even a high estimate to this value. If you look carefully, in the athletix link you will see a 10:03 or :14 time that is ratified as 9.9. So, whatever the exact value, it should be noted in the article that this difference was in some cases significant (i.e.: some say 0.24, while officially there has been this case of .14). As for Paddock, I disagree. This is a world record progression. Weather it was ratified or not by IAAF they should be noted. First, the IAAF was established on 1912 only, while people ran in competitions several decades before that. About the color: this is a strong red but a much lighter one can be used. Also, for the fully ratified records blue can be used; and white and yellow for those that were not ratified for various reasons but not discarded. For example the high altitude results were disbanded from ratification but two such were ratified while other people rand not so fast at the sea level. These can be white. Again, this is a progression not a ratification article. That may be created separately. Ah, and one more thing that I've noticed: there is no mention of records being set at the level of 1/5 seconds in the first few years of ratification. Nergaal (talk) 19:38, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * My initial point here is that these not insubstantial changes should not be imposed on the page without a discussion. So, this should be returned to the previous state before changes come into place. * Any my initial point here is that this is never going to become a featured list without making substantial changes to the format. Nergaal (talk) 22:14, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * The "Manual" vs "electronic" timing is misleading, which is why I changed them to the years in question. The explanation of the switch in 1976 also illuminates why there are all those post-1968 records yet from 1976 the record was from 1968. The problem with calling the former list "manual" timing is that some of the records were in fact electronically recorded and ratified. In the past, there were races recorded electronically, but the hand-timed marks were the "official" marks. Later, post-hoc, others have reconstructed lists based on the "real" times run. But that's not what is going on here, at least with the Hines mark of 1968. That was a fully electronic time, there was no hand-timed "official" time, they rounded down, as per the rules then in effect, to 9.9 from 9.95. As for the point that the "manual timing" title simply means that that method of timing was accepted, I hasten to add it in fact implies that all the times listed under were manually timed. So to have it as the years in question 1912-1976; 1976 - present to remove the ambiguity, and wrote a short section about the switch to fully automatic timing. * I said manual and electronic era (i.e. the first accepted both, while the last only electronic) * Nergaal speculates that the IAAF will eventually ratify times to 1/1000th of a second. But this will only require a note saying as much. Which is why I opt for the simplicity of demarcating the eras by time era. We had a previous argument here about rendering times in fifths, as that is what was originally done. (see above discussion) It is hard to find sources which describe the sequence from 1/4 to 1/5 to 1/10 - to 1/100 is readily apparent. * I see no point in splitting the page by years. If there is no clear difference between the two eras, then the tables should be mergedNergaal (talk) 22:14, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * If you paid any attention I have rephrased the 0.24 part. The point is completely irrelevant, Nergaal, it's not a matter of how eloquently you make the point. And Mipchunk describes why. * Mipchunk has some good comments here, but you are wrong on a few points. The two records by Lewis were not ratified by the IAAF at the time, and were never world records in their own right, but when the IAAF stripped Johnson of his 9.83 late in 1989, it stated that it considered those two 9.93s as having been world records. I've made the point that the actual sequence of records should be Smith 9.93, Johnson 9.83 (Johnson 9.79 unr), Lewis 9.93, Lewis 9.93, Lewis 9.92. As those were the records chronologically as ratified (save the 9.79). I cited this via an article in Track and Field News. * As for Hines' 9.9 time at the Olympics, are you sure this was the case for the 1968 Olympics? Because all times recorded at that games which have subsequently been rendered to the 1/100th are rounded down or up to the nearest tenths. Surely this wasn't the case of some amazing hand-timing matching the rounded down/up electronic times? Wonder if you have a source for this, that the ratified times here were hand-timed and not electronically timed. * As for Paddock, I disagree. This is a world record progression. Weather it was ratified or not by IAAF they should be noted. As the page states at the top The first world record in the 100 m for men (athletics) was recognised by the International Amateur Athletics Federation, now known as the International Association of Athletics Federations, in 1912. To include Paddock's record defeats the purpose, as Mipchump states, of the page, and is at odds with the opening line as Paddock's time was never ratified or even considered to be the world record. This is completely indefensible. Canada Jack (talk) 20:45, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * read the book (i.e. the reference that is provided) Nergaal (talk) 22:14, 3 September 2008 (UTC) I see that Nergaal, completely ignoring me and Mipchunk, has gone ahead and made a lot of substantial changes, again without discussing. I request, again, you revert the page to how it looked before, then gain consensus before these changes are instituted. Canada Jack (talk) 20:48, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * A correction factor between hand timing and automatic timing is estimated to be around 0.24 seconds, meaning that on average, hand-timed events should receive 0.24 s penalty when compared to the automatic ones.[4] * This is simply not true, Nergaal. And it is completely irrelevant as it says nothing to the records. Especially since we have electronic/manual times well within that span. * The 0.24 thing should actually describe a standard deviation not a penalty. I.e. + or - 0.[add whatever you find in a reliable ref] Nergaal (talk) 22:14, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * Jim Hines' October 1968 Olympic gold medal run was the fastest recorded fully electronic 100 metre race to that time, at 9.95,[5] considered faster than the manually timed 9.9. * And this is completely confused as well. "9.9" as ratified by the IAAF was the race Hines' 9.95 record came from! And who "considered this faster" than the 9.9? * Again, before you continue with inserting more nonsense and, to put it bluntly, garbage, get some consensus here. This is not a question of eloquence, it is a question of nonsense. Canada Jack (talk) 20:56, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * i can't wait to see how long it is going to take you to make this a featured list. * I don't have time to contribute much just now, but a few points: * I agree that one editor cannot impose changes against the opposition of multiple other editors. * If the only reason for not using fifths is lack of sources, see "Running Through the Ages", pg 175 on Google books. * When I read it i remembered saying something of a transition at some point, from 1/5 to 1/10 * See WP:COLOR for guidelines on using color-coding. * Is athletix.org a reliable source? We must assume not unless there is good evidence to the contrary. * Since the Paddock factoid crops up a lot, it should be mentioned, but I'm not sure whether asterisks, caveats, or relegation to footnotes is most appropriate. "Charlie Paddock's 10.2 was never considered a world record as he ran a different distance" is incorrect. Till the 1976 revolution, records were kept for yards races as well as metres races, and many records at US meets over 220 yds and 440 yds were accepted as records for the slightly shorter 200m and 400m where relevant (obviously, the reverse did not apply) Thus in 1935 Jesse Owens broke 6 records in 45 minutes with just 4 performances ("Running Through the Ages", pg 181). Possible reasons for the 1921 non-ratification: * It was a split time during a 200-yard race * I don't know if the IAAF ever ratified records for the 110yds; the source says "it was accepted as a record for 110 yards" but not by whom. Paddock set "records" at lots of made-up distances like 175 yards. * Maybe the dual-ratification policy was introduced later -- this would be the explanation that makes the performance most notable. * jnestorius(talk) 21:18, 3 September 2008 (UTC) * I would venture to guess that Paddock's record was simply not ratified because it was not timed by IAAF-certified timers and/or the meeting was not organized according to IAAF specifications. Mipchunk (talk) 21:35, 3 September 2008 (UTC) More on Paddock: According to the above-mentioned book ("Running Through the Ages" - strange, I stumbled upon the same book when doing some research on the mile only two days ago...) Paddock was often timed in races with timers at various locations. In April 1921, he tied the 100 yard record and broke the 100 meter record in a single race with multiple timers at 100 y and 100 m. The same day, with timers at 200 m, 220 y, 300 y and 300m, he set records at 200 m, 300m and 300 y. In all cases, there were at least five timers at each mark. Even though the 200 m and 220 y marks were only a bit more than a meter apart and Paddock passed both marks "with one jump," the records would only count, it would seem, if the marks were timed individually. As for the mark in question on this page, the book says that again multiple timers were set, but only at 110 yards and 200 yards. "Although it was accepted as a record for 110 yards, it was not approved as a record for 100 meters even though the distance was 100.58 meters." I said above that the record was not approved as he "ran a different distance," (which, as was pointed out, was wrong as he did run 100 m, but I was imprecise here) meaning not that he didn't run at least 100 m, but that he wasn't timed for the precise distance of 100 metres, which is probably why the record wasn't ratified. I know that the 440y and 880y were often cited as breaking 400m and 800m as the distances are only slightly longer, but I'm not sure that that was always the case. I've seen record progressions with yard "records" included by with a note saying "not ratified" in the 400 m, likely because, as I said before they weren't timed over the precise distance. All this is my personal speculation, but what is not disputed here is a) the time was never ratified as the 100 meter world record and b) none of the lists I have seen list it within their record progression, choosing instead to put a note elsewhere mentioning the mark. Which is, I argue, what we should do here. There may be a good argument to think it should be included, alas the arbitrar in question, the IAAF, decided otherwise. To therefore not include the mark in the progression is what the consensus here seems to be, with only Nergaal thinking otherwise. Canada Jack (talk) 17:04, 4 September 2008 (UTC) * More on "electronic" vs "manual" records. It was above argued that Jim Hines 1968 Olympic time, when originally ratified, was via the hand-timed results, at 9.9. (His Olympic time is found on one of the linked pages though, strangely, it is not here. Odd to insert Paddock but omit Hines' Olympic result.) If one takes a look at the finish photos where Hines wins the race, one can indeed see the staircase at the finish line with multiple timers seemingly taking the "official result," which it should be noted, for a long time meant manually timed marks took precedence over electronically timed races. In the photo, we can see some of the official hand-timers, but we can also so the Omega electronic timer. But, what does the IOC say? On their page for the 1968 Olympics: The athletics, cycling, rowing, canoe, swimming and equestrian competitions were timed manually and electronically- for the first time, the electronic time was the official one. * Therefore, the manual times were not the official times, therefore Hines 1968 Olympic time and (tied) world record was the electronic time, not the manual time, and therefore to call the records from 1912 to 1976 "Hand-timed" is incorrect, as at least one of those records to the tenth of a second was a fully electronic time. The crucial point here to note is not that the IAAF went from "manual" timing to "electronic" timing in 1976, the crucial point is that in 400m and under races only electronic times were accepted from 1976. Electronic times, in other words, were not only acceptable previous to 1976, electronic times were ratified as world records, though rounded to the nearest tenth of a second. Canada Jack (talk) 19:25, 4 September 2008 (UTC) * Interesting, but 9.95 should be rounded up to 10.0, so there's still something missing from the story somewhere. The "official" time may simply mean for recording the results of the meeting, with the manual time still "official" for record purposes. Earlier auto-times may have been "unofficial" in the same way that thousandth-second times are today. Otherwise, why bother having manual timers at all -- were they just a backup in case the electronics malfunctioned? The Official Report for the 1968 games gives times in tenths pdf. jnestorius(talk) 20:32, 4 September 2008 (UTC) As per the consensus here on Paddock's "record," I have removed the time from the progression. Perhaps someone can insert a footnote on the time. Canada Jack (talk) 19:42, 4 September 2008 (UTC) * Since there have been other unratified marks, I'm not sure it's wise to single out this one. jnestorius(talk) 20:32, 4 September 2008 (UTC) * For a very simple reason. None of the sources list this mark as part of the progression. And, there is a single mark here that was not ratified, and that was Johnson's 9.79. Might be a good argument to remove that one as well. Canada Jack (talk) 20:37, 4 September 2008 (UTC) * I didn't express myself clearly. I agree with removing Paddock 1921 from the progression. I am not sure it should be singled out for footnoting, when other unratified/unofficial records also exist, such as those listed [uncitably!] on athletix.org. It might be better to leave it out altogether for now. If we get cites for several of the unofficial ones, we could add a separate unofficial table, including Paddock 1921, with the caveat that it is [possibly] an incomplete list. The only possible "definitive" list of unratified records would be if the ATFS has one. jnestorius(talk) 00:05, 5 September 2008 (UTC) * I have taken the liberty of omitting the last seven words of the following: Jim Hines' October 1968 Olympic gold medal run was the fastest recorded fully electronic 100 metre race to that time, at 9.95, considered faster than the manually timed 9.9. The statement makes no sense, as Hines' 9.9 ratified record run at the 1968 Olympics was the same performance later recognized by the IAAF as 9.95. I will also reinsert the 9.9 time which has been, strangely, omitted. Further, it was not a question of the time being "considered faster" than any other manually timed race, it was a question of fully automatic timing being the new requirement for records 400m and under. Canada Jack (talk) 19:54, 4 September 2008 (UTC) I have put the Hines mark 9.9 back in (as found on the athletix site) and omitted the incorrect note about his 9.95 mark "retroactively" becoming the world record, viz: ''Hines ran a 9.95 record later that year which was retroactively defined as the WR in ??? when IAAF decided to take into account only electronically timed events.'' Why remove it? Besides the fact that this record was discussed elsewhere on the page, "9.95" wasn't the record he ran in 1968, it was 9.9, which later was rendered to the hundredth. And, further, his time at the Olympics was ratified as a world record at the time, not "retroactively." What changed in 1976 was it was recognized as 9.95 instead of 9.9, and all those other 9.9 marks were removed. (Some of those other times, it should be noted, were electronically timed, but Hines' was the fastest mark). Some further attention is required to what seems to be a sincere, but clumsy effort to "improve" this page, that being the references linked to the New York Times for a lot of the 1912-76 marks. It would seem that this was done (instead of linking to some of the other sites which may not be "reliable") to proper reference the times, problem is that ALL the times according to the New York Times are to the hundredth of a second! So, Percy Williams didn't run 10.3 in 1930, he ran 10.30. This is clearly wrong, so the references should be omitted. And if you don't understand why that is wrong, Nergaal, then I suggest you refrain from more unilateral changes if you truly want to make this page a featured page. As for the titles (ie "hand-timed" etc.) I will wait until there is sufficient consensus to change this. Since the International Olympic Committee's word on whether Hines was hand-timed or not should be taken into greater account than athelix's, I hope that we can revert to the date format as before. Two more points to make: Not sure about your command of English, Nergaal, but the way the title is "Hand-timed, 1912-76" does imply that all marks under are "hand-timed." The simplist solution is to simply have the dates. As for the two tables, this is, I argue, necessitated by the move to recognizing only electronic records, as multiple world records were set after 1968 yet were removed from record consideration. The note under "1976-present" explains why. To make this one table would greatly confuse people as to why a pile of records set after 1968 are there. Finally, the colour here looks very silly, IMHO. But if this is to stay, there are several corrections to be made: The IAAF considered Lewis' 9.93 to have been world records after the fact, and this is sourced. So the colour should match. And Johnson's 9.79, of course, was never a world record. Cheers. Canada Jack (talk) 20:35, 4 September 2008 (UTC) * Interesting, but 9.95 should be rounded up to 10.0, so there's still something missing from the story somewhere. The "official" time may simply mean for recording the results of the meeting, with the manual time still "official" for record purposes. Earlier auto-times may have been "unofficial" in the same way that thousandth-second times are today. Otherwise, why bother having manual timers at all -- were they just a backup in case the electronics malfunctioned? The Official Report for the 1968 games gives times in tenths. * Thanks for that link! It was what I was looking for, and it confirms what I have been saying. Two points to remember: 1) The "Official" times were rendered to the tenth of a second, not to the hundredth; 2) The rounding rules were different in 1968 - .1 to .5 was rounded down, .6 to .0 rounded up, I believe. Or it may have been down. I know by the mid-70s, times were rounded up, so 1:44.11 in the 800 would be ratified as 1:44.2. * You might want to check out the times as later expanded to the 1/100th of a second. You will find that all the marks are either rounded up or down to the nearest tenth. (I believe .10 would be rounded to .0 in some cases). Now, if hand-timing was "official," we'd not see this level of accuracy. All times within .05 or so of the electronic times. But, this is not simply a matter of me speculating, I have the IOC itself stating that though both manual and electronic timing was done in 1968, this was the first time that electronic timing was "official." And if the times appear in that book, then they are "official," period. And if we check the records, we will find that the "official" times listed in the book match the times to the tenth as found on various progression lists, such as the 200m, 400m, 800m, relays etc. Perhaps manual was there as a back-up in case the largely untested electronic systems (at this level) failed. And perhaps, simply, because that was how it had been done at the Olympics for 70 years. Canada Jack (talk) 20:56, 4 September 2008 (UTC) question What is with haste do delete things from the article? Why can't information be left hidden in the text, for future expansions/decisions/reorganizations? What is wrong with hiding something that certainly needs to be presented somehow (be it even in a separate page that expands on the omited material here)? Nergaal (talk) 03:31, 5 September 2008 (UTC) * There should be a table in this list or in a separate list with the top ~10 or so performers of all times. Nergaal (talk) 05:00, 5 September 2008 (UTC) * Such a list is found on the 100 metres article. Mipchunk (talk) 05:15, 5 September 2008 (UTC) Not sure what you mean about "haste to delete." If anything, there was a "haste to add without discussion" here. The only deletion which there is potential for future inclusion is the note about Paddock, but that information is already here on this page, easily retrievable. Much of the material you say "certainly needs to be presented" is material of dubious and debatable relevance. The note about ".24" being a conversion factor, for example, is hopelessly confused. Even if the time is accurate (I've heard of .14 being the real mean difference) what it seems to say is that a hand-timer using a watch to 1/10th of a second will be off from the true electronic time by that amount. But think about that: how can a watch timing to the tenth be off to the hundredth of a second? What is probably meant here is that hand-timers have that amount of error and, as such, when hand-timed records were acceptable, electronic times should be shaved by something like .14 to better approximate what the hand-timers got. Once electronic time become the only acceptable method, these concerns about a "conversion" became irrelevant. This is, I speculate, probably why auto times were rounded down instead of up so as to make a more meaningful comparison to the tenth. So Hines in 1968 ran 9.95 which seems "slower" than the 9.9s run by others, but if timed by hand, those times were probably "really" in the 10.0-10.1 range auto. But instead of "correcting" the hand-times, they shaved the auto times, and made them to the tenth. Clearly, this was an ad hoc approach to "marrying" auto and hand times and was not sustainable as the two methods are not really comparable. So the hand-timing was eventually ditched. Canada Jack (talk) 18:02, 5 September 2008 (UTC) * A statistics course would help for this discussion. The point is that NOT each time is off by EXACTLY 0.14 or 0.24 . But on average, each hand-measured time falls on a Gaussian distribution away from the electronically measured times. For the sake of simplicity: if you give a person to time a runner for a x distance that runs in exactly 5.00 each time, on average, the hand timers will measure a 5.xy time. If you draw a distribution of all these measures, you will probably get all the times either within a standard distribution of 0.14 over the 5.00 (something like 2/3 of the people would measure times up to 5.14) or a confidence interval of 90% (or possibly 95%) within the 5.00 and 5.14+xomething interval. That does not mean that everybody will measure 5.14, but that on average, or withing a certain confidence interval, the times can be estimated to be off by 0.14. Unfortunately, with a study to show this. Nergaal (talk) 18:59, 5 September 2008 (UTC) Well, duh, Nergaal. You seem to be missing the point. No here is pretending there is no mean range of time differential between hand and auto-times. But what you don't seem to grasp is that this is in reference to hand-timed events to the hundredth of a second. If that is what the case was in the past, then the note would have more relevance. But unless you know otherwise, the hand-times we are talking about are to the tenth of a second. The other aspect here is that this is chiefly something to explain the rounding rules down instead of up when measured in hundredths for electronic timing. As jnestorius noted, there is something "wrong" as Hines' 9.95 should have been rounded up, not down. But the reason for this, as I speculate, for Hines' time and other times from 1968 rounded down from, say, 10.11 to 10.0 was to better match the electronic time to the hand-timed races. There was another consideration as nestoriuos also noted - the widely varying skill levels of timers. The top-notch timers would be routinely within .10 of the electronic times, while less experienced ones would be outside of that. Should we therefore apply a looser rule to the more experienced timers at which many of these records were set? For that reason, I feel, as do others, that the "rule of thumb" you quote is not really useful for the typical high-level meets we are talking about. For the inexperienced or less experienced timers at smaller meets, the rule is better applicable and what the reference seems to really be talking about. In other words, it is not really relevant here. Canada Jack (talk) 20:44, 5 September 2008 (UTC) Here we go again... Nergaal: Why did you change the name of the article without discussion? The mess you created before still hasn't been completely cleaned up yet - for example, a bunch of records to the tenth of a second "referenced" to a New York Times article which has them all to the hundredth, and a link to the marks made from the 1/100th era to an IAAF list of all-time top performances which, notably, only notes one world record. The page, properly, is a record progression, which somehow should be reflected in the title. Since there is a space at the top for, presumably, someone to fill in the pre-IAAF records, your unilateral insistence on the title makes little defensible sense. How about reverting your changes, then discussing the need for a change, and if the need for a change is agreed upon, then change? Canada Jack (talk) 22:38, 7 October 2008 (UTC) * Here we go again: for a month now nothing has happened. Nobody bothered doing anything. You said only IAAF era should be included so the "ratified" part needs to be in the title. Nergaal (talk) 00:35, 8 October 2008 (UTC) Actually, something did happen, Nergaal. We cleaned up the mess you made here. The mess you made without bothering to engage anyone in discussion with until after you made the changes. We actually included a few of your suggestions, more was cleaned up. The issue of "electronic" verses "hand-timed" was clarified, I believe, when I established that Jim Hines Olympic run was first ratified as 9.9 and that time was recorded electronically, a fact confirmed by the IOC. What remains to be cleaned up are the silly links you made to the records, silly because the sources don't a) match the times of the records listed here or b) don't specify the world records save for Bolt's Olympic record. The problem there is the IAAF at the present time only lists current records, it doesn't (as far as I know), list record progressions. I have a partial solution and that is to list a reliable source I've used before, Track and Field News, which as recently as July had a record progression for the 100 m. What's silly about the non-IAAF section being there (and I don't recall saying there should be no pre -IAAF section being there, I in fact did a lot of work constructing similar sections for the mile) is that it was plonked down with nothing in it. You've now, at last look, changed the title of this page without a single word of discussion three times. And, I'm sorry, but I don't see how "Ratified men's 100 metres world records (athletics)" is an improvement of what existed before. For one, it's redundant. Only world records are ratified. If it's not ratified, it's not a world record.(!) Again, I request you revert your changes. They are far from slight. Then engage in discussion. If consensus is reached, then changes can be made. But not before. Canada Jack (talk) 02:23, 8 October 2008 (UTC) * Bah...I thought I could move the article back to the original name, which was a redirect, but it didn't work. Requesting a move now. Mipchunk (talk) 05:06, 8 October 2008 (UTC) If there was any doubt that Nergaal was bordering on being a troll, it was removed when he stuck a citation for my declaration that if it's not ratified, it's not a world record. This is pretty basic stuff, Nergaal. As found on the IAAF "history" page: The International Amateur Athletic Federation was founded in 1912 by 17 national athletic federations who saw the need for a governing authority, for an athletic programme, for standardised technical equipment and world records. From that point, any claim to a "world record" was subject to a ratification process via the IAAF. Since there are no records listed on the page pre-1912, all the records here are only records because they were ratified. There have been numerous claims to "world records" since, as discussed with Paddock's time, with Johnson's 9.79, with the "9.766" confusion a few years ago. Which is why we, after discussion, removed Ben Johnson's 9.79 and moved other claims to footnotes. As they were never world records. They were claimed to be one, but this was subject, as all claimants, to a ratification procedure. They failed. And, technically, Bolt's 9.68 is not the world record, as it has not been ratified. Indeed, since you unilaterally changed the name of the article, technically, the Bolt time should be removed until it has been ratified.(!) I'm not suggesting we do that as there is at this time little doubt that it will be ratified. We thought we had made our point last time - changes and suggestions are welcome, indeed we have made changes in part from what you have suggested. But discuss them first. However in your self-styled attempt to, presumably, gain yourself a barnstar or whatever, you have ignored the consensus on some items which existed before you employed your bulldozer approach to this page. And in your snide remarks, you have failed to acknowledge one of the difficulties with this page, in that it is not a simple matter to get a reliable source for many of these marks as the governing body doesn't seem to supply one. Your links, designed to get the page a "good" or "featured" ranking, fail to do anything but give superficial authority to what's here. One good thing was that I did find in a recent issue of one "reliable source" a sequence of records starting with Hines' 9.95. (Incidentally, they also have an unofficial progression of electronic times back to 1964, and lists of unofficial low-altitude records as well) There's a bit more detective work needed here, iow, and it will take a long time to get the proper citations to many of the older marks found here. Cheers, Canada Jack (talk) 14:50, 8 October 2008 (UTC) Requested move To the admins - this article should be moved back to its original name "World record progression 100 metres men", as the article was moved without discussion earlier. Mipchunk (talk) 05:09, 8 October 2008 (UTC) * I agree with the request to move it back. WP:POINT may be relevant reading here; I'm not sure. jnestorius(talk) 18:15, 8 October 2008 (UTC) Move request I moved this article back to its old home. Such a move requires serious discussion. It has an impact on all the similarly named pages for other events; for consistency they should all have a similar name. Personally I see no problem with what we have right now. There are two other reasons I can think of for not moving this article to Ratified men's 100 metres world records (athletics). 1) I can forsee long arguments about whether athletics is a genuine disambiguation term or whether it just provides more confusion, i.e. should it be track and field, track or athletics or some other permutation. 2) this page does discuss unratified records too. David D. (Talk) 15:48, 9 October 2008 (UTC) * Previous discussion argued that world records are "by definition" ratified. Regardless weather it is true or not, unless a pre-IAAF era is added, and other unratified records are added, then this page should clearly be labeled with ratified. Some DAB is necessary since there are other 100m men events. Nergaal (talk) 20:23, 9 October 2008 (UTC) * This can be handled by adding a precise explanation in the article's lead section. There is no need to tinker with its title. jnestorius(talk) 21:09, 9 October 2008 (UTC) * Agree, the ratified in the title is too restrictive, Nergaal, you even agree with that. If there is material you wish to add then find a consensus but don't change the name to make a point. I can see that a DAB might be needed but that discussion needs to occur at a different level as such a change would be required for several pages. David D. (Talk) 21:36, 9 October 2008 (UTC) * There are no such things as pre-IAAF records. Records were not kept before the IAAF was established, and therefore records could not have existed. Mipchunk (talk) 00:57, 10 October 2008 (UTC) * When I say too restrictive I was thinking of the records that have been stripped from the books (OK, formerly were ratified, but not now) and the ones such as Carl Lewis's that end up having an asterisk. David D. (Talk) 07:43, 10 October 2008 (UTC) As if the title needed to be changed because of some "discussion" over ratified/world records. Give us a break, Nergaal. This wasn't an issue until I pointed out the redundancy in your supposedly "improved" new title. AS if there is some distinction which needs to be made between "unratified" and "ratified" world records. What's ridiculous about this is that, clearly, you never even considered this until I pointed it out, as if you had, you'd have removed Bolt's 9.69 "record" as it is not yet ratified.(!) The error he seems to be making is in assuming that Paddock's time and Johnson's 9.79 were once considered to be "world records." They weren't as they could only be considered records once ratified. So the distinction is completely meaningless. Bolt's 9.69 is a pending world record, but is not a "world record" just as a pregnant woman is an "expectant" mother but not a mother until she gives birth. Besides, to be very technical, Lewis' 9.93 runs weren't "ratified" per se, they were post facto recognized as being part of the world record progression when Johnson's 9.83 was rescinded. But it is a distinction that it seems no one on the planet feels a need to make, except for Nergaal. Which is why we have discussions before well-meaning but far-reaching changes are implemented. IOW, to properly implement the title Nergaal proposed, we'd have to excise three marks from the record progression which were or about to be world records. If Nergaal is truly concerned about DAB here, we can discuss making a change like add "run" or "dash" in the title. Canada Jack (talk) 17:59, 10 October 2008 (UTC) * Bolt's record, as mipchunk has pointed out, has now been ratified. The IAAF site doesn't have it up, but news reports Oct 3 say the 100 200 and 4x100 records from Beijing have been ratified. Canada Jack (talk) 21:22, 12 October 2008 (UTC) Low Altitiude Progression Why is this section in the article? In the "Times by drug users" section of the talk page, the following argument is used: * "The problem with this approach is there is a sanctioning body which assesses and ratifies world records, and the page explicitly identifies the records as having being ratified by that body." Surely the same argument applies. Also, why would this low altitude list only include times between 1968 and 1987? I know there is a brief explanation that tries to address this, but it is confusingly worded and technically kind of silly. Are we to believe that somehow low altitude effects changed after 1987? If not (as is obviously the case), there is no reason to limit the date range! Since Bolt set the 9.72 record in New York, Powell equaled the 9.77 record in Gateshead, and Burell set the 9.90 in New York, it seems very likely that the projection comparing tail winds to altitude is simply not accurate, and that altitude doesn't make much difference in practice. Failing all of that, if the chart remains in its current form, Ben Jonson times should be included in red the same way they are in the main progression. If nothing else, consistency is important! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 06:41, 20 October 2008 (UTC). * Well, I put the section in as there is a debate in track and field circles whether altitude records should be discarded just as wind-assisted marks are. Few suggest that drug-assisted marks should be included. (Besides, only a single mark excised due to drug use is not shown on the progression.) And it would seem that you are referring to an old title of the page, when it mentioned records ratified by the IAAF. It no longer is as explicit. * As for the progression only going from 1968 to 1987, there is a simple reason for that: It was only during that time that the world record was set by marks at high altitude. To include low altitude records before and since would simply mean reproducing the record progression already on the page. Before and since, all the records have been set at low altitude. Not sure what your point is about wind. Marks with assisting winds over 2.0 m/s are not eligible for record consideration. The point of the reference is that the assistance due to altitude over 2000 m is something like twice the assistance due to maximum legal wind. Yet these marks still are acceptable for ratification. The point here is not to make a case one way or another: the point is that there is a debate, that "low-altitude" progressions have been compiled, and that we should probably include those progressions. (I admit that I wasn't sure if it should be included, so I guess now starts the debate.) * Since Bolt set the 9.72 record in New York, Powell equaled the 9.77 record in Gateshead, and Burell set the 9.90 in New York, it seems very likely that the projection comparing tail winds to altitude is simply not accurate, and that altitude doesn't make much difference in practice. You seem to miss the point. The contention that altitude assists sprint and jump records is completely uncontroversial. Which is why even the IAAF notes marks set at altitude with an "A," even if it doesn't make a separate list for low-altitude records. The issue is whether the IAAF should ratify those records. I speculate that the reason they do so is political. Many venues would be effectively off the track circuit and the IAAF seeks to promote the sport. At Mexico City, where would the excitement be if the IAAF said none of the sprint/jump marks set there were admissible for record consideration? Which is probably why they let them stand. Besides, in the example I provided, it is clear the assistance associated with the maximum allowable wind pales in comparison to the assistance associated with marks set above 2000m, yet the former can't be ratified and the latter can. (Mexico City is somewhere around 2500 m altitude). The 1968 high-altitude world records stood a long time - 100 m for 15 years; 200 m for 11 years; 400 m for 20 years; long jump for 23 years. Canada Jack (talk) 16:05, 20 October 2008 (UTC) * I also am unsure as to whether a low-altitude record progression should be included. This is not because I don't realize that altitude-assisted records are probably not as "fast" as their low-altitude counterparts, but because there are no such things as "low-altitude records". Even if the altitude-assisted records did not exist, we wouldn't be sure that all those low-altitude performances would have been ratified by the IAAF instead. The only low-altitude record progression I would accept (and which is valid) is simply the current world record progression with all the altitude records removed - i.e., performances that were actually ratified by the IAAF. Mipchunk (talk) 21:23, 20 October 2008 (UTC) That was my hesitation here. It's clearly an unofficial sequence of marks, included because the controversy exists in track circles. For example, Carl Lewis for years refused to compete at altitude to avoid the "taint" of altitude-assisted records. But the list, in my defence, is not original research, as reputable track authorities, such as Track and Field News, routinely make the distinction, and compile their own lists of low-altitude "records." But so far, it's two against one, so if there is no or little agreement to having this list, I won't object to it being removed. Canada Jack (talk) 22:55, 20 October 2008 (UTC) * From a contemporary perspective, it really seems like a subtle effect, though your point about long standing Mexico City records is interesting. I mean, as a casual fan I still hear about wind assisted exceptional times at least every couple of years, but altitude doesn't seem to have had much effect on the record progression since 1987. Maybe this is a misconception created by the different ways the data is represented.. * I've been thinking of some polished wording for the section, because part of what attracted my attention was a bit of ambiguity in my mind about what the list was actually presenting.. I'm not sure I've improved it any, but here is a suggestion: * "Some observers have noted that altitude can significantly assist sprint performances. One estimate suggests that 200m performance can improve by as much as 0.3s at altitudes over 2000m, more than twice the benefit of a 2.0m/s tailwind.[2] For this reason, and because the 100m mark was only improved at altitude between 1968 and 1988, some feel that the low-altitude record progression during that time period has significance. The IAAF does not recognize the low altitude distinction. * The following progression of low-altitude marks starts with the "record" when the IAAF started to recognize only electronic timing and continues to the first mark that equaled the world record in 1987. (Ben Johnson's 9.95 run in 1986 and 9.83 run in 1987 are omitted.)" * Anyway, thanks for the reasoned response to my slightly too inflammatory criticism, Canada Jack. I'm still not sure the list belongs, but I suppose it does add some interesting information to the topic. On reflection, it is pretty similar to noting Ben Johnson's 9.79 somewhere in the page, without putting it in the progression. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 04:40, 21 October 2008 (UTC). Yes, that sounds better. But the chief reason that other altitude records aren't set all the time is that there are few big meets held at altitude, not that the effect does not exist. And, as mentioned, some athletes simply avoid competing at altitude to avoid "tainted" records. But it would be, in my view, a bit misleading to say the reason that some wanted the low-altitude distinction made was because high-altitude records stood 1968-1988. It is more accurate to say that some feel that altitude-aided marks should be omitted because of the assistance given in the same way marks with excessive wind are. And while it is true the IAAF does not distinguish low and high-altitude records, it nevertheless recognizes the assistance altitude gives in sprint and jump events, and accordingly affixes an "A" to marks made at locations over 1,000m altitude. As for your "inflammatory" criticism, I felt that including this list might be controversial, so I welcome the chance to defend it. There were some good points which you raised which needed to be addressed. And if the "casual" fan as you describe yourself doesn't see the answers to these questions in front of him, then that means something needs to be clarified. Which hopefully improves the page. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:32, 21 October 2008 (UTC) * The above was written by me, btw. Canada Jack (talk) 16:42, 21 October 2008 (UTC) It seems that with Bolt's 9.58 in Berlin 2009, the whole debate about altitude is moot. Andrewvit (talk) 08:16, 19 August 2009 (UTC) * Bolt doesn't make it moot. It just goes to prove how exceptional he is. If he were to run at an altitude meet in peak form, who knows what he could do. Since, particularly Carl Lewis, the egos of the elite runners kept them from making an attempt at a high altitude location. They didn't want to say it was an exceptional advantage. They also wanted the record to be out there to improve upon. Once one of them sets something outlandish at altitude, then it could be a career challenge to ever improve. Now, Bolt has done that just on his exceptional ability, but as we saw in Berlin, he was able to improve upon his own exceptional mark. Trackinfo (talk) 18:37, 11 February 2012 (UTC) Even though the section is labeled "low altitude", the talk page here seems to indicate that the records listed are in fact high altitude ones. That's very confusing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:12, 11 February 2012 (UTC) * All the marks listed under low altitude were run at low altitude locations. 1968 to 1987, the official world record was set at a high altitude location, these marks excluded those (considered advantageous) high altitude marks. Trackinfo (talk) 18:23, 11 February 2012 (UTC) Official IAAF record progression The IAAF record progression now exists on their website for this and all other events, so I took the liberty of adding the citations and excising the ones already there for ones the IAAF confirms. However, there were several marks in the 1/tenth progression which were not included in the progression, so I removed the colour to indicate "not ratified," and for some strange reason, Powell's 9.74 in 2007 does not appear on their list though it clearly should. I've left the colour to indicate "ratified," and if someone could find the official ratification press release from the IAAF we might use that for an official cite. And, since the IAAF notes the electronic times and wind guages, if available, I've included them here. The column for "auto" times is kept for the electronic age, as some records have timing to the thousandth. Canada Jack (talk) 05:47, 30 July 2009 (UTC) Fastest times overall It would be nice to have a fastest times overall section (maybe this article is the wrong spot) or at least a link to the fastest times ever. For example, Tyson Gay ran 9.71 which is quite notable. Should a section be added? A link? Timneu22 (talk) 15:07, 17 August 2009 (UTC) * Nevermind. I saw the other page and added a link to it in "see also". Timneu22 (talk) 01:40, 19 August 2009 (UTC) Tyson Gay's 9.71 - August 16, 2009 Newbie here, don't know how to revert, but someone has recently added Gay's 9.71 second place finish in the World's to the list. This is not a progression of the WR. It's been 9.69 since the Olympics, so only runs faster than that should follow. Bolt's new record of 9.58 counts, but Gay's 9.71 should not. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:49, 19 August 2009 (UTC) Page clean-up complete (hopefully) Just wanted to say that I've added citations to those facts which were unsupported by any links etc. Hopefully everything on this page is covered. Since the stupendous Bolt world record the other day, there's been a lot of interest directed here, lots of traffic and a TON of edits. Many were good - like having more sensible background colours to highlight the anomalies, and the tags to get every claim here cited. The column for times to the thousandths was removed, but I put it back in as the IAAF itself has those times listed in the record progression. The IAAF links have cleared up some of the disputes which raged above. The IAAF only required electronic records from 1977 - before, manual AND electronic timing was accepted. I added wind and auto time columns and those figures where available, as per the IAAF practice. And while records may have been rendered as fractions at one point, the IAAF simply renders them as decimals, so that debate has been rendered moot, IMHO. The only point of dispute are the two non-ratified marks from the 30s - they appear on some unofficial record progressions, but not on the IAAF progression. I added a link to one of this lists to the two marks, but there may be an argument to simply omit them. Unless someone finds some reference which indicates the IAAF in fact ratified the marks. The 9.74 Powell ran in 2007 is not on the list, which must be an oversight on their part as I've checked for and found a press release from 2007 which states that specific time was ratified as a world record, and in case it was for some reason unratified it also rests on the current all-time list, headed by Bolt's 9.58. IOW, that mark is the sole world record on the page which the IAAF does not list on their progression list, but its inclusion is warranted as the mark was ratified. Canada Jack (talk) 23:34, 19 August 2009 (UTC) Thousandths place Here I present an argument why a third decimal in the 100m time is meaningless. First, the automatic time given to the thousandth place is unofficial and is not verified through any official channels. The IAAF considers all such marks unofficial. While they have released the unofficial thousandths-place measurements, they are only meant to provide the basis on which one rounds down to the nearest hundredth to obtain the official automatic time. Second, aside from technological limitations (which no longer exist, though), the IAAF has chosen to measure performances only to the nearest hundredth of a second because this allows for possible physical measurement errors. These come in several forms. As per the official competition rules, the timing mechanism is only required to start within 1/1000th of a second of when the race begins (i.e. when the gun fires). Furthermore, the camera may have some error in alignment; the official competition rules require that the camera is aligned with the finish line, with maximum extension before and after by up to 2 cm. Finally, there is the design of the track itself. The IAAF standard for track layout allows the 100m straight to be measured with maximum error of +/- 2 cm, and the full track to be 400m +/- 4 cm. If you don't believe me, see here for the track guidelines. Most notably, a measurement error on the order of 1 cm yields an order of magnitude timing error of 0.001 seconds, assuming that a runner travels at 10 m/s. It is for all these reasons that timing measurements to the thousandth place are physically meaningless. Unless track-making guidelines become much more strict (which is rather unrealistic, especially given the natural variance of materials, such as from thermal expansion), the IAAF will never move to recording world records or official times in thousandths. It might seem informative to Wikipedia readers to see these thousandths-place auto-times included, but in fact they are deceiving. There is a physical reason why the IAAF chooses to round to the nearest hundredth. Therefore I propose that the physical meaningless of thousandth-place measurements be stated in the article, or that these unofficial auto times be removed. Mipchunk (talk) 08:49, 20 August 2009 (UTC) * Perhaps you have not consulted the IAAF's progression lists, Mipchunk. Go to the lists here . page 546 and 547, and you will see that, indeed, the IAAF has these times to the thousandth of a second on their record progression lists! So your statement First, the automatic time given to the thousandth place is unofficial and is not verified through any official channels is demonstrably false - ALL the times on the page as it stands come straight from the IAAF record progression list. * While they have released the unofficial thousandths-place measurements, they are only meant to provide the basis on which one rounds down to the nearest hundredth to obtain the official automatic time. Not sure where you get that idea from. DO you have a source for this contention? Especially given that previous auto times listed clearly bear little relation to the ratified world record time. Look at the auto times for the records at 10.0 seconds. So your conclusion as to why the IAAF includes these times is not supported by any facts you have thus far supplied. * In the end, your argument is fine, and you have strong points here, but the people to debate this with is the IAAF, not wikipedia. The bottom line is that the IAAF has chosen, for whatever reason, to include on their progression lists a) wind gauges and b) auto times. Post-1977, those auto times which the IAAF has chosen to include are to the thousandths of a second. We, therefore, should not arbitrarily exclude measurements which the IAAF itself deems relevant to include. * Shall we also, by your logic, omit the pre-1977 auto times? Or how relevant, truly, are wind gauges? Do those figures accurately measure the true assistance of the wind? Is Flo Jo's 10.49 time with a 0.0 wind gauge realistic? Well, it may not be, but it's there on the IAAF list and therefore should be on ours. We could, using your rationale, quibble with just about every wind gauge reading listed on the page. It is not our place, I submit, to do so, as long as the authority, in this case the governing body for track and field, chooses to include these data. The same logic applies to including auto times to the thousandth. * Besides, part of your premise may be incorrect. Chiefly your premise that the thousandth of a second is the potential new timing accuracy, or that the IAAF is merely using these times to round to the nearest hundredth. It may be that the IAAF is considering future ratifications to the 250th of a second, for the very rationale you present - the margin of error is greater than a thousandth of a second. Assuming your assumptions are correct, the margin of error is about 2 cm for the track (which is about c. 2/1000 of a second), 1 thousandth of a second for the timer. Therefore, the margin of error in timing is 3 thousandth of a second, which you would agree, is well within the current timing level of accuracy for record consideration (10 thousandths of a second). On the page, therefore, the IAAF might deem a 9.763 by Powell as exceeding the previous record of 9.768, perhaps rounding the former to the nearest 250th - 9.764 - but consider the 9.762 as a tie as it rounds as well to 9.764. Or, it may be that the IAAF will refine the specifications for these times by requiring a margin of error for track measurements to the millimetre, depending on factors including the natural expansion and contraction of the track surface. * But, as I suggest above, this is all beside the point. The IAAF chooses, for whatever reasons, to include these auto times to the thousandth of a second on their record progression lists. Therefore, so should we. Canada Jack (talk) 15:04, 20 August 2009 (UTC) * From your above link, "Where known, unofficial automatic times are given" - I'm pretty sure that settles the point as to whether or not thousandths-place automatic times are unofficial. The point is that they are not ratified, and therefore serve no purpose other than to mislead readers as to the ratified nature of those times. And, from the IAAF Competition Rules here, we can see that "Unless the time is an exact 1/100th of a second, it shall be read and recorded to the next longer 1/100th of a second." This obviously does not hold for the manual timing records; the unofficial automatic times were essentially ignored in those records. In the same document, we can see that wind gauges are similarly rounded down to the nearest tenth. I am, in fact, in full agreement with the IAAF. The plain and simple fact is that there is no ratification for the unofficial thousandths-place automatic times, but that the IAAF recognizes that this measurement is sufficient for accuracy to the nearest hundredth. Mipchunk (talk) 20:03, 20 August 2009 (UTC) Sounds to me you are getting a bit desperate with your argument, now that you realize that these marks are straight off the progression list. Which is why you have the strawman argument that these are "unofficial" times. Well, who claimed otherwise? Mipchunk, to be plain and simple, the IAAF chooses, on their record progression lists, to include wind gauge readings (which aren't "official records"), auto times (which in many cases here are not "official records") and, for that matter, dates of the records (which are not "official records") and the venue (which are not "official records"). If you can supply a rationale to arbitrarily omit one section of data from the IAAF's own lists, let's hear it (as opposed to, say, why we should keep venues as if they are of any particular relevance). But the gist of what I get from you is that you feel that these thousandths are "silly" for several reasons, chiefly that the accuracy of the time if greater than the margin of error. Fine, I understand the argument, I see your point. But that is your personal opinion of what is "relevant" information and if you were the IAAF, you'd likely not have the category listed. But you aren't, so we should do what I have done here and replicate what the IAAF itself feels is relevant information, leaving my - and your - personal opinion out of it. So, as I have suggested, you might contact the IAAF to get them to remove the "silliness" from their record progression lists. Until that time, since the IAAF sees fit to list the records, so should we. Canada Jack (talk) 20:31, 20 August 2009 (UTC) * I will first remark that I had already reviewed the progression lists at the time it was released, before the World Championships, so it was before I even posted my original comment on this talk page. I understand that the IAAF has included these thousandths-place times on that document; it is not, however, part of the official ratified world records list. As their statement in that document suggests, where known, these unofficial automatic times are included for informative purposes. Contrary to what you have said about wind, date, and venue being not part of the official records, they are in fact recorded officially, and since you prefer that I cite everything, you can easily find the world record application form here. The unofficial time from which the official time is obtained from rounding down, however, is not one of these parameters. As I said before, I am fine with including these unofficial automatic times, but it must be stressed in the article that these were never ratified nor are they to be considered the officially recorded time. Mipchunk (talk) 21:08, 20 August 2009 (UTC) I understand that the IAAF has included these thousandths-place times on that document; it is not, however, part of the official ratified world records list. Not sure how you can take a look at a document called "Progression of Official World Records," and simply declare that, sorry, these particular times on this "official list" are, uh, not part of the official list. Sorry, mipchunk, but these times quite clearly are. It matters not one whit whether the times are there for "informative purposes," the only question is: Are they there? If so, then we should logically include them. Besides, the IAAF says nothing about these being here for "informative purposes," it simply states these it sees fit to include auto times where known. Indeed, it only remarks on time to the tenth in this regard anyway, not to times to the hundredth. Contrary to what you have said about wind, date, and venue being not part of the official records, they are in fact recorded officially... ...but this information is not the "official record" per se. The ratified time is. Since auto times, and times to the thousandths if known, are listed, the IAAF logically does not see it as extraneous information. The information, however, is not required by the IAAF. Anyway, I fail to see how anyone can see a continuous column called "time" and be confused with a column with sporadic marks listed called "auto" as to which column reflects the ratified records. But there is a rather simple solution here if you concede that we should reproduce what the IAAF has - and that is to rename the "time" column as "mark" which is understood more unambiguously to be "the record" and perhaps highlight these marks by bolding the number, leaving the wind and auto time plain or in smaller text. Canada Jack (talk) 04:07, 21 August 2009 (UTC) * I propose that nothing in the column needs to be changed, but that a sentence simply be added stating that the additional automatic times are unofficial. As an aside (in case I was misinforming you), wind, date, and venue MUST be submitted for ratification as a world record. But the non-rounded automatic time is not. Mipchunk (talk) 08:45, 21 August 2009 (UTC) Well, I think you have a point about the possible confusion over what was the record and what wasn't, so might consider bolding the official record. I have no problem with the line in the intro to clarify. Maybe something like "The Iaaf includes automatic times in its progression lists, to the hundredth to 1976, and to the thousandth in recent years. However, these are not the official ratified times." Canada Jack (talk) 14:34, 21 August 2009 (UTC) Tyson Gay Ok very simple question why isn't Tyson Gay listed since he is the fastest American sprinter on record?Mcelite (talk) 20:27, 7 September 2012 (UTC) * This is the World Record progression. While Tyson Gay did hold the fastest 100 metres time ever recorded for a period of time, the time was wind aided and was not eligible for the record. The official world record has never been assigned to Tyson Gay, he's still (now tied for) second best, when number one is all that counts. On the 100 metres article, his name is properly placed. Trackinfo (talk) 20:56, 7 September 2012 (UTC) * Okay, that's much clearer.Mcelite (talk) 08:33, 9 September 2012 (UTC) Terms need to be clearly explained Although there is various discussion about timing methods, nowhere is it clearly explained what "Time" means as opposed to "Auto". I thought "Time" might mean "hand-timied", but then why do some entries have both? What is the point of listing a separate less accurate hand-timing when electronic timing is available? It is very unclear. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:22, 22 August 2014 (UTC) * "Time" is the ratified world record. "Auto" means, where applicable, an automatically timed result was also generated. Depending on the record, the auto times were either done IN ADDITION to the official ratified hand-timed mark, or were THE OFFICIAL TIME, rounded to the tenth or the fifth of a second, depending on the rules then in effect. It's rather confusing as into the 70s, auto-timed events were not simply rounded up or down to the nearest tenth, but had time added to more closely match what would have been recorded by hand-timing. In recent years, the IAAF has been listing the auto-times to 1,000th of a second where available, but the actual ratified record is the "time" to the 100th. * A common fallacy is the belief that a record to the tenth indicates a hand-timed record. No, the records until 1977 were rendered to the 10th, even if a far more accurate time was recorded. Numerous records which were in fact auto-timed to the hundredth were ratified to the tenth. Jim Hines' 9.9s world record was auto-timed. Sebastian Coe's 1979 mile world record was ratified as 3:49.0, as the rules then in effect had distance records rounded to the tenth. In 1981, the IAAF started to accept times to the 100th for distance events. * The "time" and "auto" and "wind" are listed as per the IAAF progression lists which don't explain the distinctions, but since the source mentions them, so do we. Canada Jack (talk) 15:00, 22 August 2014 (UTC) External links modified Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified 2 external links on Men's 100 metres world record progression. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080912045348/http://www2.iaaf.org/GPF02/News/getnews.asp?Code=5733&imgh=searchnews to http://www2.iaaf.org/GPF02/News/getnews.asp?Code=5733&imgh=searchnews * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/06/10/33/61033_PDF_English.pdf Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 08:59, 6 December 2017 (UTC) Lewis 1991 - 1.0 or 1.2 m/s wind? There is some confusion here on the wind guage for Lewis' 1991 WR - seems the sources say 1.0 or 1.2... A quick look at tapes of the event seem to confirm the 1.2 reading. check out Canada Jack (talk) 16:27, 22 August 2018 (UTC)	WIKI
Page:The Necromancer, or, The Tale of the Black Forest Vol. 1.djvu/34 admired his humanity, and yet I could not help feeling some inward sensations of horror; I was for a considerable time as motionless as a statue. Having recovered from my amazement, I went to the table, took up the papers, which he had left behind, and saw, with astonishment, that each of them was a draft for a hundred dollars payable at F: It grieved me to be obliged to accept a present from a strange unknown man. But what could I do? How could I get access to him? Perhaps (thought I) he will send his direction, but I waited in vain for it. He got into his carriage and drove away. I also left the house and returned late, the stranger was not yet come home: However, I was determined to await his return, and as soon as he should enter the house, to hasten to his apartment, and to insist upon his taking a bond for his money, and if he should happen to refuse it, to force him to take back his present. This resolution was	WIKI
Weight Loss Program FAQ’s Have a question about our customized, medical weight loss plans? Check out the most commonly asked questions regarding our customized diet plans and weight loss solutions. If you don’t find what you’re looking for, please feel free to contact our medical team today! What is the typical weight loss per week? Overall, the weight loss is 10% of total weight in the first 3 months, 2-5% in the 4th month, and 4lbs average a month after that. Your weight loss will depend on your total weight but, the more you have to lose, the faster it will come off. Women can expect 1-3 lbs a week and men 3-5 pounds a week. The first week is always the biggest weight loss, due to extra fluid that we carry leaving the body. How many times a day do I eat? People should eat about 5 times a day on this diet, three meals and two snacks. A minimum of 4 servings of protein per day are required on the diet. Will I be hungry on the diet? Most people are very comfortable and not hungry on this diet. This is due to a higher protein intake and the state of ketosis (fat burning) that suppresses the appetite. We also offer appetite suppressants, if needed. Are there side effects of this diet? The side effects of the diet tend to be mild and temporary. They can include: tiredness, coldness, dizziness, bad breath, headaches, and constipation. We educate you how these can be helped, we follow up with you frequently, and you are always welcome to call us. How often do I have to come in for appointments? How long are the appointments? The follow up appointments are every 2 weeks awhile you are on the diet and run about 10-15 min. In maintenance, follow up is anywhere between 1-4 months. This initial appointment, which includes a group presentation and an individual consultation, is 2-2.5 hours long. Do I have to log my calories or keep a food journal? Yes. Everyone is required to keep a food log daily, either journal or online/apps. This habit becomes one of the most important factors in maintenance in order to prevent weight regain. Will I be able to eat out at restaurants or go to get-togethers without feeling left out because I am on the diet? Yes, because plenty of foods are allowed on this diet. For example, at a restaurant, you can order a meat/fish with a side of veggies. At get-togethers/pot-lucks you can have meats, veggies, fruit, or other low carb options. Just no junk food or dessert. Are caffeine, alcohol and fruit allowed on this diet? Caffeine is allowed, we will help you figure out a low carb creamer for your coffee if needed. Alcohol and fruit are both allowed in moderation, starting in the second month of the diet. How much water do I have to drink on the diet? Can I drink anything else? People need to drink at least 64 oz of water (8 cups) daily. Zero carb and zero calories options are allowed such as flavored water, teas, and others. Am I required to exercise? Yes. We will work with each individual and their current level of exercise. We want this habit in place by the time maintenance begins, since it is one of the healthy habits required to prevent weight regain. We will set small goals and increase exercise slowly. Will my primary care doctor know that I am on this diet? We are happy to communicate with your primary care doctor about your progress and any medicines we have to adjust during the diet. Does your clinic offer appetite suppressants? Yes. We offer a couple of appetite suppressants including Phentermine and Topiramate. These medicines help control appetite and increase weight loss. Patients eligibility for these is determined by reviewing the medical history. Patients are followed very closely while using these and are only given a limited amount of the medicine. Am I allowed to use any shakes or bars bought at the store while on the diet? Or only those sold at the clinic? Patients are not allowed to use over-the-counter meal replacements while on the diet. The nutritional composition of our shakes/bars is to fit the parameters of the diet and they also provide vitamins and minerals that need to be replenished while on the diet. Do I have to take vitamins while I am on the diet? We do recommend certain vitamins for those on the diet. Most of these are the same ones recommended by general doctors, such as a multivitamin, calcium, vitamin D, fish oil, and others. I have diabetes, can I do the diet? Yes. Weight loss and this diet have a very powerful sugar lowering effect. It is likely that we will be adjusting diabetes medicines during the diet. Patients will continue to check their blood sugars while on the diet. I have high blood pressure and high cholesterol, will this diet help these? Yes. Even a small weight loss can improve hypertension and high cholesterol. Many patients get to reduce or come off their medicines as they lose weight. Will this diet slow down my metabolism? A temporary decrease of metabolism is normal on any diet. We help patients preserve as much muscle mass (what gives us our metabolism) during the diet as possible through adequate protein and exercising. The good news is that after the diet, in the first year of maintenance, the metabolism will increase as people begin to eat more calories. What happens after I lose the weight? Yes. Weight loss and this diet have a very powerful sugar lowering effect. It is likely that we will be adjusting diabetes medicines during the diet. Patients will continue to check their blood sugars while on the diet.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
User:Physchim62/Europa/Bulgaria What is the correct translation of община? Incomplete lists of община.	WIKI
AP®︎/College US History The 14th Amendment Jeffrey Rosen of the National Constitution Center in conversation with Walter Isaacson of the Aspen Institute. Created by Aspen Institute. Want to join the conversation? - why was the 14th Amendment hated?(6 votes) - It took away state's rights to have their own laws about property.(4 votes) - Does the 14th Amendment apply to the children born in the US of non-naturalized immigrants who came into the US?(3 votes) - Technically, Yes, but actually no. In fact, that is why illegal immigrants today cross the border, so their kids born here CAN become citizens.(1 vote) - Why in the 14 amendment they say that Congress should pass no laws(5 votes) - It says that they should pass now laws that would go against the 14th amendment, or create any laws that would take the rights away from a citizen. This was needed to try and stop the south from making it legal to have slavery, or a watered down version of slavery.(2 votes) - Why they had to ratifie just to come back to the Union(2 votes) - If they didn't, they would be in big crud.(4 votes) - what was the the 14th amendment connection to former slaves(2 votes) - The 14th amendment was ratified to give freed slaves rights. Many slaves were born in the United States, so the 14th amendment said that anyone born in the U.S. is now a citizen. When slaves were treated unfairly, they weren't considered as citizens but as property. Therefore, being citizens of the United States allowed former slaves to have rights.(4 votes) - Why was the Fourteenth Amendment necessary if the Declaration of Independence stated that all men were created - The 14th amendment enforced that line. It also added and gave detail into being "equal."(3 votes) - Is the 14th amendment as strong as the government makes it seem?(2 votes) - It depends on which period of American History you are talking about. When the 14th Amendment was first ratified, (the late 1800s) the law was rarely enforced and generally ineffective. From the 1920s and onwards, when the 14th Amendment was officiated, it had similar strength as any other Amendment.(1 vote) - Have you noticed the Aspen Institute got the text of the 14th Amendment wrong? I thought the text was, "The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States," not the text shown on the screen.(1 vote) - I have not been able to verify the Aspen Institute text that you brought up. But if you do find that this organization is changing words, you should beware of what their agenda is. Changing words to suit their needs or promote an agenda is dishonest, and as a student, you should steer away from them and search for what is true.(3 votes) - The 14th Amendment was imposed as the law of the land after the defeat of the Confederacy. At some point prior to the 14th Amendment the Confederate states were void of their representation in Congress pending their ratification of the 14th Amendment. Especially considering an announcement made by the then President Lincoln which declared that no State of the Union could secede from the Union, so then on what authority did the Union have to restrict the southern confederacy of representation in Congress? I would think that representation was a state's right.(1 vote) - Those states willingly left. They had no "rights". The states that did not leave amended the constitution legally. Get over it.(1 vote) - Did this amendment as well as others inspire other groups in the United States to push for equality as well?(1 vote) I'm Walter Isaacson of the Aspen Institute and we are here with the second of our lessons about the reconstruction amendments I'm with Jeffrey Rosen the CEO of the National Consitution Center in Philidelphia And Jeffrey now let's get on to the 14th amendment But first let's put it on our timeline When did Congress pass it and when did the 14th get ratified? Congress passed the 14th amendment on June 13th 1866 And it was ratified on July 9th 1868 And it's viewed by some as the most important amendment of the constitution, why? Because it contains our basic guarantees of equality and due process of law. The entire Civil War was fought to constitutionalize equality it wasn't until the North won at Appomattox that that vision was embraced by Lincoln and finally it was embedded in the 14th amendment Well what was Lincoln's theory of constitutional equality? You know, it was quite powerful. There were some radical reconstruction Republicans, Lincoln was not one of them who thought that slavery was illegal even in the original constitution and basically that the so called "Privileges [or] Immunities Clause" of the original constitution forbade states to deny African Americans basic civil rights. But that wasn't the majority view. Lincoln's view was that it would require a constitutional amendment to overturn the Dred Scott decision which didn't recognize African Americans as having any legal rights, and to constitionalize equality and that's why the core of the 14th amendment is Section 1, which basically extends to African Americans the same civil rights that white people had taken for granted. Well let's read some of that, especially the "Privileges and Immunities Clause" read it to us here, what's important there? So the second sentence of Section 1 of the 14th Amendment says "No state shall make or enforce any law	FINEWEB-EDU
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bubbe-maise The result of the debate was DELETE. I'm not at all sure the redirect is sensible, and it's hard to judge without any explication at all. Still, it can always be made by someone if they feel like it. -Splash talk 00:24, 6 March 2006 (UTC) Bubbe-maise This article is a dictdef that has been transwikid to Wiktionary (Transwiki:bubbe-maise)James084 21:00, 25 February 2006 (UTC) * Redirect to Fable. — RJH 02:17, 26 February 2006 (UTC) * Delete, no real potential for expansion into an encyclopaedia article. Stifle 09:50, 1 March 2006 (UTC)	WIKI
Unsafe handling of illegal cookie domain attributes VERIFIED WONTFIX Status () Core Networking: Cookies P3 major VERIFIED WONTFIX 19 years ago 19 years ago People (Reporter: oliver, Assigned: Stephen P. Morse) Tracking Trunk x86 All Points: --- Firefox Tracking Flags (Not tracked) Details (URL) (Reporter) Description 19 years ago OVERVIEW DESCRIPTION: Mozilla accepts cookies set with certain 'domain' attributes that it should not. This results in the cookie being returned to servers other than that which set it. STEPS TO REPRODUCE: Visit the URL, there is a working demo and CGI code is posted. However here's a really quick rundown of how to reproduce it. 1) use a server on a country domain (eg. "foo.com.xx") 2) set a cookie with a domain setting of only two levels (eg. ".com.xx") 3) use a server on a different domain (eg. "bar.com.xx") to verify the cookie was accepted with an illegal domain attribute ACTUAL RESULTS: From any server on the Internet you can set a cookie with a domain attribute of two levels or more. This is fine for generic TLDs (eg. foo.com, bar.net are both safe) but causes a problem for others such as country domains (eg. .co.nz, .com.au, are not safe). EXPECTED RESULTS: For security reasons Mozilla should at least be compliant with the various cookie specs. Netscape's HTTP Cookies Specification http://www.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html RFC2109 HTTP State Management Mechanism http://www.cis.ohio- state.edu/htbin/rfc/rfc2109.html BUILD/DATE/PLATFORM: Tested nightly build 1999070708 Win32 on Windows 98 However, it is likely to affect all platforms. ADDITIONAL: The URL contains a very detailed explanation of the problem, and includes a working demo (complete with CGI source code). Please excuse the page's hype ;) Also note that this bug: - was first detected in December '98, affecting most browsers (incl Opera, etc). - also affects all versions of Internet Explorer prior to version 5 - also affects all releases of Netscape Navigator. Netscape has a KB article on this bug (http://help.netscape.com/kb/client/981231-1.html) which implies the bug was fixed in NN4.5x, which it was not. I have not yet tested NN4.6x. General cookie-domain comments: RFC2109 behaviour is preferable to the current behaviour. BUT even that behaviour isn't great as it specifies a minimum number of .'s a domain must have based on whether or not it is within a list of generic TLDs. This list is hardcoded into the browser, and makes no provision for the future introduction of more TLDs such as .web, .store etc. After quickfixing Mozilla to comply with RFC2109 some thought should go into the long term cookie-domain plan (I personally think cookies should only be returnable to servers equal to or below the originating server. But thats not in any spec I know of). (Assignee) Updated 19 years ago Status: NEW → RESOLVED Last Resolved: 19 years ago Resolution: --- → WONTFIX (Assignee) Comment 1 19 years ago Yes, this is a particularly nasty problem. We had investigated extensively when it was first reported and came to the conclusion that there is no way for us to fix it. By going into conformance with the cookie spec we wind up breaking many popular websites, notably yahoo mail. For a detailed description of this and all the fixes we tried, see bug 8743. Regretfully I have to mark this as "won't fix". If this really is a problem for you, then use the stealth preference setting that we introduced for people such as yourself. This too is described in the above-mentioned bug report. Updated 19 years ago Status: RESOLVED → VERIFIED You need to log in before you can comment on or make changes to this bug.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Page:The vintage; a romance of the Greek war of independence (IA vintageromanceof00bensrich).pdf/88 aroused himself and the others. Maria had disposed herself under a farther tree, where she lay with her hands clasped behind her head, and her mouth half open and set with the rim of her white teeth. She had drawn up one leg, aud her short skirt showed it bare to above the knee. Mitsos stood looking at her a moment, thinking how pretty were her long eyelashes and slightly parted mouth, and wondering why it had never occurred to him before that she was pretty, when she woke and saw him standing in front of her. She sat up quickly and drew her skirt down over her leg, and a faint tinge of red showed under her skin. "Is it time to go on?" she said; "and I am nothing but a bag of sleep." "I will help you up," said Mitsos, putting out his hand. But she stretched herself, smiling, and got up without his assistance. Then the work went on till nearly sunset; a second cask and a third were filled, which were taken away to the veranda, where they were put on trestles and covered like the first; and, as there would not be time to fill a fourth before sunset, they stopped work for the day. Mitsos and Constantine ate their supper together, but afterwards Mitsos said he would not go to the café tonight, he was sleepy, and to-morrow would be as today. The two sat there in silence for the most part, the father smoking and playing with his beads, and Mitsos lying full length on the floor of the veranda intermittently eating a cherry from the remains of their supper. About nine he got up and stretched himself. "I am for bed," he said. "How pretty Maria is. I wonder why I never noticed before that girls were pretty." Constantine smiled.	WIKI
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 80 Part 1.djvu/1617 80 STAT.] PUBLIC LAW 89-809-NOV. 13, 1966 (C) by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting a semicolon in lieu thereof, (D) by striking out the sentence following paragraph (2) and inserting in lieu thereof the following: " (3*) as per-unit retain allocations, to the extent paid in qualified per-unit retain certificates (as defined in section 1388(h)) with respect to marketing occurring during such taxable year; or "(4) in money or other property (except per-unit retain certificates) in redemption of a nonqualified per-unit retain certificate which was paid as a per-unit retain allocation during the payment period for the taxable year during which the marketing occurred. For purposes of this title, any amount not taken into account under the preceding sentence shall, in the case of an amount described in paragraph (1) or (2), be treated in the same manner as an item of gross income and as a deduction therefrom, and in the case of an amount described in paragraph (3) or (4), be treated as a deduction in arriving at gross income." (3) Section 1382(e) is amended to read as follows: "(e) PRODUCTS MARKETED UNDER POOLING ARRANGEMENTS.—For purposes of subsection (b), in the case of a pooling arrangement for the marketing of products— " (1) the patronage shall (to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary or his delegate) be treated as patronage occurring during the taxable year in which the pool closes, and "(2) the marketing of products shall be treated as occurring during any of the taxable years in which the pool is open." (4) Section 1382(f) is amended by striking out "subsection (b) " and inserting in lieu thereof "paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b)". (5) The heading for section 1383 is amended by striking out the period at the end thereof and inserting "OR NONQUALIFIED PER-UNIT RETAIN CERTIFICATES." (6) Section 1383(a) is amended— (A) by striking out "section 1382(b)(2)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 1382(b)(2) or (4),", (B) by striking out "nonqualified written notices of allocation" each place it appears and inserting in lieu thereof "nonqualified written notices of allocation or nonqualified perunit retain certificates", and (C) by striking out "qualified written notices of allocation" and inserting in lieu thereof "qualified written notices of allocation or qualified per-unit retain certificates (as the case may be)". (7) Section 1383(b)(2) is amended— (A) by striking out "nonqualified written notice of allocation" and inserting in lieu thereof "nonqualified written notice of allocation or nonqualified per-unit retain certificate", (B) by striking out "qualified written notice of allocation" and inserting in lieu thereof "qualified written notice of allocation or qualified per-unit retain certificate (as the case may be)", (C) by striking out "such written notice of allocation" and inserting in lieu thereof "such written notice of allocation or per-unit retain certificate", and (D) by striking out "section 1382(b)(2) " and inserting in lieu thereof "section 1382(b)(2) or (4),". 65-300 0-67—102 1581 ^°®'' P- ^^^^• ^^ Stat. io47. �	WIKI
Miraflores (Disambiguation) There is more than one place called Miraflores: Peru * Lima/Miraflores — a district of Lima Region * Miraflores (Panama) — site of the main locks of the Panama Canal	WIKI
soapy: support set/getFrequencyCorrection() API backwards compatible changes with #ifdef set/get_freq_corr() call directly into the SoapySDR equivalent when supported by the API version. soapy_support Josh Blum 2017-04-14 11:02:00 -05:00 parent b361fa5a77 commit 117f648859 2 changed files with 16 additions and 0 deletions View File @ -171,22 +171,30 @@ double soapy_sink_c::get_center_freq( size_t chan) double soapy_sink_c::set_freq_corr( double ppm, size_t chan) { #ifdef SOAPY_SDR_API_HAS_FREQUENCY_CORRECTION_API _device->setFrequencyCorrection(SOAPY_SDR_TX, chan, ppm); #else std::vector<std::string> components = _device->listFrequencies(SOAPY_SDR_TX, chan); if (std::find(components.begin(), components.end(), "COOR") != components.end()) { _device->setFrequency(SOAPY_SDR_TX, chan, "CORR", ppm); } #endif return this->get_freq_corr(chan); } double soapy_sink_c::get_freq_corr( size_t chan) { #ifdef SOAPY_SDR_API_HAS_FREQUENCY_CORRECTION_API return _device->getFrequencyCorrection(SOAPY_SDR_TX, chan); #else std::vector<std::string> components = _device->listFrequencies(SOAPY_SDR_TX, chan); if (std::find(components.begin(), components.end(), "COOR") != components.end()) { return _device->getFrequency(SOAPY_SDR_TX, chan, "CORR"); } return 0.0; #endif } std::vector<std::string> soapy_sink_c::get_gain_names( size_t chan) View File @ -172,22 +172,30 @@ double soapy_source_c::get_center_freq( size_t chan ) double soapy_source_c::set_freq_corr( double ppm, size_t chan ) { #ifdef SOAPY_SDR_API_HAS_FREQUENCY_CORRECTION_API _device->setFrequencyCorrection(SOAPY_SDR_RX, chan, ppm); #else std::vector<std::string> components = _device->listFrequencies(SOAPY_SDR_RX, chan); if (std::find(components.begin(), components.end(), "COOR") != components.end()) { _device->setFrequency(SOAPY_SDR_RX, chan, "CORR", ppm); } #endif return this->get_freq_corr(chan); } double soapy_source_c::get_freq_corr( size_t chan ) { #ifdef SOAPY_SDR_API_HAS_FREQUENCY_CORRECTION_API return _device->getFrequencyCorrection(SOAPY_SDR_RX, chan); #else std::vector<std::string> components = _device->listFrequencies(SOAPY_SDR_RX, chan); if (std::find(components.begin(), components.end(), "COOR") != components.end()) { return _device->getFrequency(SOAPY_SDR_RX, chan, "CORR"); } return 0.0; #endif } std::vector<std::string> soapy_source_c::get_gain_names( size_t chan )	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:WorldWarTwoKyle The result of the discussion was Delete. עוד מישהו Od Mishehu 13:03, 11 April 2010 (UTC) User:WorldWarTwoKyle At first, this would be pretty harmless, but then I checked this user's contribs, and it just so happens that s/he has no other edits. As Wikipedia is not MySpace, we should not encourage this kind of userpage, so I suggest deletion. Kayau Voting IS evil 10:51, 4 April 2010 (UTC) * Delete per nom. Only three edits, over two years ago, long since gone. bd2412 T 02:22, 5 April 2010 (UTC) * Delete Unhelpful userpage. Johnuniq (talk) 08:47, 9 April 2010 (UTC)	WIKI
Talk:Taxonomy of Banksia Banksia nom. cons. ? I looked up the Olde paper, but it contains no reference to Banksia being a conserved name whatsoever. Could his statement be re-sourced? Circeus 00:42, 14 June 2007 (UTC) * Yes, that is definitely not the right reference for that. My information on this originally came from George 1981. But I suggest it would be better to reference the list of Nomina generica conservanda et rejicienda in Appendix III of the ICBN Code. Ideally we would cite the Vienna code but it's not online yet; the entry for Banksia in the Saint Louis code can be seen here. That reference doesn't attribute Sprague, but George 1981 does. In the longer term, I would like to look at and cite the discussion on its conservations in Rehder et al., Kew Bull. (1935) 368–369, and the final decision in Bull. Misc. Inform. 98 (1940). Hesperian 01:18, 14 June 2007 (UTC) * For reference, it seems to be record #2068 in the list (JSTOR page link). Circeus 19:57, 15 June 2007 (UTC) * That link doesn't work for me :-( Hesperian 12:14, 16 June 2007 (UTC) * it will only work if you have JSTOR account. I was at Uni when I recovered it.Circeus 17:19, 16 June 2007 (UTC) Cryptostomata Hey when looking up Cryptostomata I was redirected here. This is a problem because Cryptostomata is an Order of Bryozoa. I was expecting to go there. No page exists. This should be changed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:49, 9 December 2009 (UTC) * Thanks for that. I've created a placeholder article for the Bryozoan order. Hesperian 14:44, 9 December 2009 (UTC) Number of species This article states that the genus has 80 species. But the Banksia article says 170. Could that be clarified? Dick Bos (talk) 20:50, 17 December 2011 (UTC)	WIKI
Page:An English Garner Ingatherings from Our History and Literature (Volume 1 1877).pdf/287 That thy departure to us both hath bred; Ne can each other's sorrow yet appease. Behold the fountains now left desolate, And withered grass with cypress boughs bespread! Behold these flowers which on thy grave we strew! Which faded, show the givers' faded state; (Though eke they show their fervent zeal and pure) Whose only comfort on thy welfare grew. Whose prayers importune shall the heavens for aye, That to thy ashes, rest they may assure; That learnedst shepherds honour may thy name With yearly praises; and the nymphs alway, Thy tomb may deck with fresh and sweetest flowers; And that for ever may endure thy fame. Colin. The sun, lo, hastened hath his face to steep In western waves, and th'air with stormy showers, Warns us to drive homewards our silly sheep. Lycon! let's rise, and take of them good keep. Virtute summa; coetera fortuna. L. B.	WIKI
The Noël Coward Diaries The Noël Coward Diaries are the diaries of Noël Coward first published in 1982, edited by Graham Payn with an introduction by Sheridan Morley. They include entries from World War Two but are predominantly focused on the post war period. Reception The diaries have been recognised as a classic of the genre.	WIKI
Page:Tennysoniana (1879).djvu/196 The Idylls of the King. Contemporary Review, January 1870, pp. 104-125. Poetry of the Period § Alfred Tennyson. Temple Bar, May 1869, reprinted in a volume, 1870, pp. 1-37. Wordsworth, Tennyson and Browning; or Pure, Ornate, and Grotesque Art in English Poetry. National Review, New Series. No. 1. November 1864. (Chapman & Hall.) Tennyson and his Teachers. Essays, Biographical, Critical, and Miscellaneous, by Peter Bayne, A.M.	WIKI
Fabio Costa (composer, conductor) Fabio Costa (Fábio Ciglioni Martins Costa, 4 December 1971) is a Brazilian-born composer, conductor and pianist. He is also active as a composer of microtonal music. Early life and musical education Fabio Costa was born in São Paulo, Brazil, to an engineer father and a psychologist mother, with family roots in Portugal and Italy (Costa is a dual Brazilian/Italian citizen). He was partly raised in Germany (1982–1984). His grandfather Waldemar Ciglioni was a popular radiophonic actor in his time, and great-grandfather Armando Ciglioni, a neapolitan-song composer/impresario and violinist at the São Paulo Opera House. Costa started out musically self-taught at age 9 (piano and composition) deciding by age 14 to become a professional musician; he learned the oboe at age 16 and was active for the next 8 years as an orchestral oboist, chamber musician and soloist. He earned a bachelor's degree in oboe performance in 1995 and after a year of oboe studies at the Franz Liszt Academy of Budapest (1995–1996), he decided to pursue a career as a conductor. Between 1996 and 1999 Costa studied at the Vienna Music Academy (opera and orchestral conducting in the class Uros Lajovic) with a scholarship of the Brazilian Government; he was also coached by Kurt Masur (São Paulo 2001 and 2003), Leonard Slatkin (National Conducting Institute, Washington DC, 2001) and Gianluigi Gelmetti (Accademia Chigiana, Siena Italy, 2005). Conductor Costa won the 1995 Conducting Competition of the São Paulo Symphony Orchestra and led his first concert with a program including Beethoven's 5th Symphony and Sibelius' Violin Concerto. During his studies, he conducted the premiere of "The Metamorphosis" by B. R. Deutsch, (coaching and conducting, Vienna Music Academy). He began his professional career in 1999 with the Symphony in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil and served subsequently (2000-2003) as Associate Conductor of the Spokane Symphony Orchestra and Director of Orchestras at Eastern Washington University., having conducted about 70 concerts there. Acting mainly as a guest conductor between 2004 and 2007, he appeared with the Orquestra Petrobrás Sinfonica, São Paulo University Orchestra, Paraná State Orchestra, São Paulo City Youth Orchestra (Orquestra Experimental de Repertório), São Paulo State Youth Orchestra, São Paulo Radio Orchestra (extinct). Orquestra Amazonas Filarmônica, Mendoza Symphony Orchestra. Between 2008 and 2009, Costa participated in establishing the Minas Gerais Philharmonic, a major Brazilian orchestra, as its Associate Conductor. In that position, he conducted over 60 concert performances throughout federal state of Minas Gerais. This effort reached an audience of over 80.000 people in over 30 locations statewide, mostly with free access to the public at large, including a relevant number of under-privileged communities in various state regions. Costa was a guest condutor of the 2007 Manaus Opera House Opera Festival where he coached for "Gianni Schicchi", "La Gioconda", "Othello", "Werther" and also conducted, "Fosca" (Carlos Gomes). At the Palacio das Artes in Belo Horizonte he coached and conducted Macbeth (Verdi) ). As a Répétiteur in the faculty of the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig, Costa coached and conducted opera-studio productions of "Postcard form Morocco“ (Dominick Argento) in 2018, "Le Portrait de Manon“ (Massenet) in 2019, "Hin und Zurück“ (Hindemith), "Schwergewicht…“ (Krenek) "Fürwahr“ and "Witwe von Ephesus“ (K. A. Hartmann) in 2020. Costa has conducted about 350 performances to an estimated audience of over 150,000 attendants throughout his career. Composer Among his earlier works, the choral cantata "Psalms for the Earth" has been awarded the 2008 Composition Prize of the Brazilian Music Academy (II Prêmio Cláudio Santoro, 2008); this work already explored higher harmonic limits by employing 19-limit just-intonation techniques. The electronic work "Excerpt from Meditation" (2009) continued that path, exploring in 19-limit just-intonation (through an unequal division of the octave in 120 parts). He conducted his own "Prelude for Orchestra" in 2009. In 2010, Costa's orchestral Work "In Four Dimensions" was a winner of the Composition Prize of the Brazilian National Foundation for the Arts (FUNARTE), within the 2011 Biennale of Brazilian Contemporary Music being performed by the UFF National Symphony Orchestra. He continued to explore microtonality in just-intonation ("O Cravo Brigou com a Rosa" 2010 ) but also 31-ED2 (soundtrack to "Potsdam in Time-Lapse" 2015 ), a tuning system that allows for good approximation in higher harmonic limits and enharmonic modulation. This research ensued in an ongoing collaboration with the Huygens-Fokker Foundation starting in 2015 at the Muziekgebow aan t'Ij in Amsterdam with the composition and performance of "Aphoristic Madrigals" for SATB soli and Fokker-Organ by the ensemble Vokalprojekt 31, especially formed at this occasion. In 2017 "...and while there he sighs...." was commissioned and performed at the same venue, both works again in 2019. In this period Costa also started venturing into harmonic microtonal performance with the use of isomorphic or generalized keyboards in various tuning systems - such as unequal and equal divisions of the octave and just-intonation ("Improvisation" . At the same time, he saw audio-design and virtual recordings as a means to realize new microtonal works ("....and while there he sighs...." adaptive just-intonation, orchestral version: video, "Meditation" in 19-ED2 ) and also to put older musical works (e.g. by Gesualdo Bach or Hába into new harmonic perspective, particularly with the use of 19-tone-equal-temperament. Recent developments of this compositional work include the research of difference tones and arithmetic frequency sequences ("Etude on Difference Tones: Minor Thirds" 2022 ) but also the ability to perform microtonally with the use of the electronic wind instrument (EWI) ("Short Piece in 72-ED2", 2022 ) Collaborative Pianist Having started out as a pianist, Fabio Costa collaborated from the piano throughout his life, particularly in the German Lied repertoire. After relocating to Germany, Costa took up faculty positions as a pianist in the vocal departments of the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig (2016-2021) as well as the Berlin University of the Arts (2016-2019), also acting as a Répétiteur for opera productions such as "Kommilitonen“ (Peter M. Davies), "Ende einer Zeit“ and "Der Landartzt“ (H.W.Henze), "La Verità in Cimento“ (Vivaldi) in Leipzig and in Berlin "La voix Humaine“ (Poulenc), "Angelique“ (Ibert), "L’heure Espagnole“ (Ravel) and "Angels in America” (Peter Eötvös). In addition to private coaching, Costa has also been intensively active as a vocal accompanist with various partners and especially for the so-called Chanson or Kabarett-song, collaborating in particular with the notorious German Brecht specialist and interpret Gina Pietsch ,. Piano "12 Bagatelles" for piano (1996) "Prelude for piano" (2002) "Fantasia Polifonica Sopra 'O Cravo Brigou com a Rosa' " for four-hand piano (1997) "3 Short Polyphonic Pieces" for piano (1999–2000) "Eclogue" for piano (2002) "Etude" for piano (2003) "Fuga a 4" for piano (2002) "Sospiri" for piano (2003) "Papillon: Brief Life and Death of a Butterfly" for piano (2002) "Valsa Lenta em Tons Terra" for piano (2004) "Second Prelude" for piano (2006) Organ "Prelude-Meditation" for organ (2006) "Second Prelude" for organ (2006/2015) "3 Short Polyphonic Pieces" for organ (1999/2015) "Papillon: Short Life and Death of a Butterfly" for organ (2002/2017) Instrumental Chamber "Prelude and Fugue" for hiano, horn and violoncello (1987) "2 Lieder" for piano, oboe and voice (1988) "3 Phantasiestücke" for clarinet or viola and piano (1992) "Nonett" – 1994 "Fuga" for brass quintet (2002/2012) "Ricercare" for 4 french horns and 2 pianos Vocal "3 Late Romantic Songs" after Rilke and Trakl–1996 "Meine Frühverliehenen Lieder" (Lied, after Rilke), for Sopran or Tenor and string orchestra (1996/2012) "Aphoristic Madrigal" for SATB and 31-tone Organ (2015) "....and while there he sighs" after Ovid in 31-ED2 (2017) for 31-tone Fokker-orcgan and alto voice solo "Missa Brevis" for high soprano and orchestra (2017) "Der Choral vom Manne Baal" after Brecht for piano and voice (2022) String Orchestra "Suite for Strings" (2018) Orchestra "Der Tod des Dichters" (Symphonic Poem nach Rilke) (1991) "Eclogue" for Orchestra (2002) "Reminiscences" for Orchestra (2004/2009/2014) "Prelude for Orchestra" (2007) "Essay for Orchestra" (2007) "In Four Dimensions" (2011) for orchestra Soloist and Orchestra "3 Late Romantic Lieder" after Rilke and Trakl for Sopran or Tenor and Orchestra (1996/1998) "Worlds Between Worlds" (2014) concert piece for violin and orchestra "Der Choral vom Manne Baal" after Brecht for orchestra and voice (2022) Choral "Psalms for the Earth" for SATB solo, Choir SATB, obligato percussion quartet, Organ and Orchestra (2007) Electronic "Fragment from Meditation" in 19-limit just-intonation (2008) "O Cravo Brigou com a Rosa" harmonization in just-intonation (2010) "Meditation" in 19-ED2 (2018) "....and while there he sighs...." in adaptive just-intonation from 31-ED2 (2018) for symphony orchestra "Enharmonic Study" in 31-ED2 (2019) "Etude on Difference Tones: 'Minor Thirds' " (2022) "Short Piece" in 72-ED2 (2022/2023)	WIKI
vaalisija Noun * 1) one's place or position in the process of electing a parish priest; one who is in first vaalisija is considered the best candidate by the chapter	WIKI
CSNZ CSNZ may refer to: * Chartered Secretaries New Zealand, the New Zealand division of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators * Chico Science & Nação Zumbi, a Brazilian rock band formed by Chico Science * Counter-Strike Nexon: Studio, formerly Counter-Strike Nexon: Zombies a 2014 video game by Valve	WIKI

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