Document stringlengths 87 1.67M | Source stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|
Henry Buckley Burton Watkis
General Sir Henry Buckley Burton Watkis (4 June 1860 – 5 May 1931 ) was a general in the Indian Army. | WIKI |
The C Viral Infection associated with non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas and Mielodisplastic Syndromes in…
Abstract Title: The C Viral Infection associated with non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas and Mielodisplastic Syndromes in a lot of patients from the Hematology Clinic of Arad
Authors: Cotoraci Coralia*, Sasu Alciona*, Mos Liana*, Laza Damian**, Pribac Ciprian*
Affiliation: * ”Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, Faculty of Medicine, Arad, Romania
** County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Arad, Hematology Clinic, Arad, Romania
Abstract text: Many of the hematological malignancies have a complex and yet unknown pathogenesis. Understanding the intimate ethyological mechanisms is important in order to better control the diseases. One of the associations discussed in this paper related to the pathogeny of lymphomas and mielodisplastic syndromes is the C hepatitis viral infection. The relation between the unset of infection an how does this produce the dysimmunoregulation still controversies many researches. In this paper we want to emphasize some observations regarding the association of C hepatitis viral infection with lymphomas and myelodisplastic disorders, the onset of the malignant disease, the history of the disease. Within the lot consisting of 50 patients the patients having the C viral infection will be compared with patients with lymphomas or myelodisplastic disorders that don’t have the viral infection. From the total number of the lymphoma patients, 7.14% presented C hepatitis viral infection. The results show that the presence of chronic hepatitis that evolved into cirrhosis aggravated the patient’s status, and modified the response to antineoplastic treatment and the free event survival (in 4.76% of the patients).
Keywords: mielodisplastic syndrome
Presentation type: Oral
Correspondence: no. 1 Feleacului St., Arad, Romania
Email: hematologiearad@yahoo.com | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Coinspinner
This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was MERGE. dbenbenn | talk 02:29, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
Coinspinner
This is one of 12 swords with their own articles from Books of the Swords. I am concerned that including the poems about each sword might violate copyright, in addition I don't think that the 12 swords from the series of books each requires its own article and think a merge back to the main article and deletion of the 12 individual articles may be required--nixie 06:07, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* As long as all the information is kept (which would probably mean keeping a good chunk of the text intact), there's no reason not to merge and redirect. But I wouldn't weep to see this kept as a separate article. Meelar (talk) 06:22, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC)
* Delete, no need for 12 separate articles. --fvw * 06:33, 2005 Jan 31 (UTC)
* Merge, no redirect. The content is valuable enough that it should be merged, I suppose. The names of the swords are common enough (e.g. Stonecutter) that redirects don't seem wise. LizardWizard 08:24, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC)
* Delete, fancruft. —Korath (Talk) 09:24, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC) The merge with the other eleven is acceptable. —Korath (Talk) 08:28, Feb 2, 2005 (UTC)
* Keep, Long time reader, first time author! My initial thought was to keep all the sword stuff on one page, but then as I was writing it started to get unweildy, so I split it up when I created it. I also found it made it easier to reference from one sword page to the next. However, I would be happy to merge all 12 articles into one and turn the seperate pages into redirects. I'd hate to merge it all into the main Books of the Swords because I plan on further editing, adding to, and revising that, but bow to the authority of the other wikipedians. Also, RE: copyright violation, I think that quoting the verse for each sword meets the criteria for fair use, in that its for educational purposes, the amount of material is small comparied to the 10+ books of source material, and are a small part of the total article contents. But again, I defer the more experienced wikipedians.Akerkhof 15:29, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Delete all, no redirect: of no significance or interest to anyone but a fan of the book series. Wile E. Heresiarch 15:52, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Keep - this fancruft. I agree it is unlikely to interest any but a fan of the book series, but the same could be said for lots of topics covered here. There are apparently 10 books in the series, which is a substantial number of books, I assume they must have found some audience. "coinspinner"+"sword" gets 550 hits on Google, which is not too shabby. I'm not saying this series has achieved any where near the cultural impact of Star Wars or Star Trek, or The Simpsons, but these and other lesser franchises have spawned numerous articles here. For example see "Category:Star_Wars_characters". Johntex 18:47, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Merge somewhere. Kappa 20:11, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Weak Keep, needs cleanup and expansion. Megan1967 03:00, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
* Absolutely "fancruft", but well written, topical, and directly related indeed to a very lengthy series by Saberhagen.Strong Keep. Being one who has read this whole fantasy epic a few times, I will also give the contributor a thumb's up. Now, where did he leave the other swords...? I hope the main article links to these other pages you have established? Weaponofmassinstruction 05:35, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
* Delete. Twelve articles on swords from a series of novels seems excessive. I suppose my protest won't go far when there are so many articles already in the Wikipedia about items from fictional universes, but I don't think those articles should be there, either. --BM 12:16, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
* Merge this somewhere appropriate. GRider\talk 19:29, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
* Comment: I hope I'm doing this right and not messing up ettiquete, but since these are my articles and the main criticism is that they take up 12 seperate articles, I've gone ahead and merged them all into one at Twelve Swords of Power. I even think they all read that way better. Is it possible then to place redirects from the individual articles to each subheading? Do I wait until this VfD is complete?
* You can create links directly to the section using the format Coinspinner. Unfortunately, page redirects can not yet reach down to a specific section. You can replace the content with #redirect Twelve Swords of Power but it will still take the reader to the top of the Twelve Swords of Power page. Rossami (talk) 04:30, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
* I don't think the redirect thing is a "not yet" thing as much as a "not" thing. Redirects get done server side, whereas going to sections is done client side. I suppose it could be hacked up to work with javascript, but it isn't possible to make redirects to sections work across the board. --fvw * 04:41, 2005 Feb 2 (UTC)
* Bummer. Well, I think the way its working right now isn't too bad. If someone punches in an individual Sword in the search, they will not be too astonished by what they find. I hope I've adequately addressed the concerns in this VfD. Akerkhof 04:43, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
* The merged page looks like a really good solution, nice work--nixie 04:46, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
* Yeah, quite. Nice job! --fvw * 04:48, 2005 Feb 2 (UTC)
* I think one article covering all twelve swords is a much better solution than twelve articles. Thanks for your work! Sorry to be a pain, but even better would be for the Twelve Swords of Power just to be merged into the Books of the Swords article, which is still a very short article, and anyway has a short section on the Twelve Swords of Power already, which could be expanded instead of linking to a separate article on the swords Why did you think the swords needed to be in a separate article? --BM 16:38, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
* Mainly because I intend to flesh out the universe and major characters on the main page, and an enormous Sword article in the middle of it might get to be a bit of the mess. There are about five, maybe six characters that need a paragraph or two, and four or five unique concepts to the Swords universe that require the same treatment. There's also a quibble I have with placement and useage of multiple spoiler tags that can be avoided entirely, I think, by keeping the two articles seperate. However, if it works out that the completed Books of the Swords article is still a bit light, and the swords article can fit neatly inside it without being distracting and confusing, I'll merge it. Deal? Akerkhof 22:18, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
* If you had already done all this, there probably wouldn't be much argument now. You could just point to the fact that the main article was already over 32KB, and you needed to split out something, and decided to make it the sword detail. Some people might still say this topic doesn't merit so much detail and more than one article, but you'd have more of a point. Why not work on the main article some, including the sword material, until it gets near 32KB, *then* split out the sword stuff? A lot of people start with grand plans for a series fully-fleshed out articles, create an elaborate framework of multiple articles, most of which are initially stubs. Then they lose interest or don't have time to complete their plan, and we end up with all these related stubs on something that would have made more sense as a single article or at most a couple of articles. Someone coming along later wanting to work on the same topic is more or less stuck with the incomplete editorial plan of the person who started all the stubs, because it is a lot of work to get articles and redirects deleted -- and this might be discouraging enough that they don't bother cleaning things up or expanding the articles. And Wikipedia gets stuck with some more stuff that is a bit embarassing and which has to wait a long time to get cleaned up. --BM 17:13, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
* By the way, redirecting to a section could be made to work easily if the server handled the Redirect pages by sending the HTTP Redirection Status Code (301) to the browser using the URL for the section. This would also be good in that bookmarks, links on search engines, etc, would end up being to the canonical URL/Article Title, rather than to redirect pages. But this isn't how things are currently done, and doing it this way would have the disadvantage of losing the "Redirected from" link that is currently displayed in a small font in the header of the pages after following a redirect. --BM 16:50, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page. | WIKI |
rarebit
Etymology
By, corruption of.
Pronunciation
Either identically to, or as -. When used in, some insist that it be pronounced identically to , as the spelling is a corruption, while others insist that it be pronounced as - specifically to differentiate it from actual rabbit meat. When used alone, the potential for confusion exists, but is almost exclusively used in the compounds and.
Noun
* 1) Welsh rarebit | WIKI |
Characteristics of a Landslide Occurred in May 2015 in Mt. Hakusan and its Influence on Downstream System
Seiji YANAI
In May 2015, a large landslide occurred in the headwaters of the Tedori River at the foot of Mt. Hakusan. Airborne LiDAR data and a series of aerial photographs taken over 60 years were used to analyze the topographical features and geomorphological factors that triggered the landslide. The landslide was 800 m long and 300 m wide, with a total sediment volume of 1.3 million m3. Most of this accumulated at the bottom of the slope and buried the stream channel. However, half of the sediments washed into the river and generated very turbid water for 6 months after the landslide. This influenced the downstream area when the very turbid water entered rice paddies, fresh water, and coastal fisheries, and led to groundwater depletion. Countermeasures were extremely difficult to institute because there was no road access to the landslide, which occurred in a strictly protected national park. Although the Forestry Agency currently uses a helicopter to scatter anti-erosion material, fundamental measures should be taken to ensure the early recovery of native vegetation species, eliminate the source of turbid water, and enhance sedimentation by using sediment ponds.
2018/1 124-131 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Cumulative viral load and virologic decay patterns after antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected subjects influence CD4 recovery and AIDS
Vincent C. Marconi, Greg Grandits, Jason F. Okulicz, Glenn Wortmann, Anuradha Ganesan, Nancy Crum-Cianflone, Michael Polis, Michael Landrum, Matthew J. Dolan, Sunil K. Ahuja, Brian Agan, Hemant Kulkarni
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
33 Scopus citations
Abstract
Background: The impact of viral load (VL) decay and cumulative VL on CD4 recovery and AIDS after highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is unknown. Methods and Findings: Three virologic kinetic parameters (first year and overall exponential VL decay constants, and first year VL slope) and cumulative VL during HAART were estimated for 2,278 patients who initiated HAART in the U.S. Military HIV Natural History Study. CD4 and VL trajectories were computed using linear and nonlinear Generalized Estimating Equations models. Multivariate Poisson and linear regression models were used to determine associations of VL parameters with CD4 recovery, adjusted for factors known to correlate with immune recovery. Cumulative VL higher than the sample median was independently associated with an increased risk of AIDS (relative risk 2.38, 95% confidence interval 1.56-3.62, p<0.001). Among patients with VL suppression, first year VL decay and slope were independent predictors of early CD4 recovery (p = 0.001) and overall gain (p<0.05). Despite VL suppression, those with slow decay during the first year of HAART as well as during the entire therapy period (overall), in general, gained less CD4 cells compared to the other subjects (133 vs. 195.4 cells/μL; p = 0.001) even after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions: In a cohort with free access to healthcare, independent of established predictors of AIDS and CD4 recovery during HAART, cumulative VL and virologic decay patterns were associated with AIDS and distinct aspects of CD4 reconstitution.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numbere17956
JournalPloS one
Volume6
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - 2011
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Cumulative viral load and virologic decay patterns after antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected subjects influence CD4 recovery and AIDS'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Scott Bloch
Scott Bloch (born c. 1959) is an American attorney and former political appointee of President George W. Bush. Bloch served as United States Special Counsel from December 12, 2003, when Bush signed his appointment, filling out his five-year statutory term on December 11, 2008.
Biography
Bloch was born in New York City and grew up in Los Angeles, where his father, who used the name Walter Black, was a writer for a number of popular television shows. His grandfather was the painter, Albert Bloch.
Scott Bloch worked as an associate and then partner for Stevens & Brand, LLP of Lawrence, Kansas between 1989 and 2001. Beginning in 2001, Bloch worked as a political appointee in the Bush administration, first as deputy director to the Department of Justice's Task Force for Faith-based and Community Initiatives between 2001 and 2003, and then as Special Counsel, directing the Office of Special Counsel, which has jurisdiction to protect whistleblowers and enforce the Hatch Act (which restricts political activities of government employees). Bloch is a grandson of American modernist artist Albert Bloch, about whom he filmed a documentary in 2002. Bloch also served on the Founders' Committee of Wyoming Catholic College from 2002 to 2005, and is a member of the Knights of Malta and a local society of admirers of Hilaire Belloc.
Career
Bloch achieved a great deal of oversight while in the United States Office of Special Counsel, which was widely reported on during his five-year tenure, including aviation near miss cover ups and airworthiness safety check cover ups that caused the grounding of 1000 planes.
Bloch reversed a policy decision by his predecessor, on issues of sexual orientation, to make "sexual orientation" a protected category for discrimination cases in the federal government, contrary to controlling case law and statutory interpretation of the office of 20 years prior to her tenure.
Bloch's first major action as head of the Office of Special Counsel, was to choose as deputy a lawyer who had publicly taken a position against the "homosexual agenda", and to hire young lawyers from the conservative Ave Maria School of Law. Part of the job of the OSC is to protect whistleblowers.
In February 2004, Bloch ordered all mention of sexual orientation workplace nondiscrimination be removed from OSC's website and printed materials, stating that his office lacked the authority to ban discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Bloch's critics argued that gay employees were protected by the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, which prohibits discrimination against federal employees "on the basis of conduct which does not adversely affect the performance of the employee."
After complaints from Congress, the Bush Administration released a statement in April 2004 saying homosexual employees were still protected. Bloch also issued a statement saying: "It is the policy of this administration that discrimination in the federal workforce on the basis of sexual orientation is prohibited."
This did not satisfy gay rights organizations, which claimed a lack of enforcement of the policy. By October 2004, the OSC still had not restored the language on its website or printed materials. The Federal GLOBE (Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Employees of the Federal Government) then called for Bloch's resignation.
Bloch later retracted his statements and stated his office did not have the legal authority to protect employees from workplace discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
Alleged refusal to investigate complaints
Media sources, Congress, and gay rights organizations continued to criticize Special Counsel Bloch and the OSC's lack of enforcement of its policies, particularly in regards to dismissing gay discrimination complaints. For example, Michael Levine, a 65-year-old and openly gay radio technician, claimed that, after he blew the whistle on a coworker's and his supervisor's workplace misconduct, a personnel officer engaged in retaliatory action against him: pursuing knowingly false allegations of child pornography against Levine, suspending Levine for 14 days, seizing his computer, and referring to gay people as "those fucking faggots". One year after filing both a retaliation and antigay discrimination complaint with the OSC, Levine received a letter from the OSC on December 28, 2004. Without interviewing even a single witness, the OSC wrote that it was unable to investigate the complaints because only conduct, not sexual orientation, was protected under the Civil Service Act of 1978 —a reversal of Bloch's April 8, 2004 statement that sexual orientation-based discrimination was prohibited due to imputed conduct and therefore that the OSC has the authority to pursue such complaints.
After being embroiled in a related "internal purge" controversy (see below), Special Counsel Bloch testified before a Senate panel on May 24, 2005 and reiterated his original position that he lacked the authority to protect federal employees on the basis of sexual orientation. The next day, the Log Cabin Republicans called on Bloch to resign.
Bloch's defenders, including writers at the conservative magazine Human Events, argued that Bloch was being unfairly attacked.
Reorganization or internal purge
In January 2005, controversy ensued when Bloch ordered twelve OSC staffers, including the only two known gay employees, to transfer to distant cities or lose their jobs. Bloch was accused of conducting a political purge of OSC employees by three government watchdog groups (the Government Accountability Project, the Project on Government Oversight, and Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility), two federal trade unions (the American Federation of Government Employees and the National Treasury Employees Union), an LGBT rights organization (the Human Rights Campaign), and the OSC employees themselves. This prompted several government investigations concerning Bloch's performance as a public employee, including destruction of emails and lying to Congress about it.
The Washington Blade reported that, according to unnamed sources "familiar with the agency", employees had been targeted partly because of their disagreement with diminishing the jurisdiction of the OSC in prosecuting antigay workplace discrimination. Another of the twelve employees had reached a favorable settlement on behalf of a gay federal employee who filed a discrimination complaint against his supervisor. In the end, ten of the twelve employees resigned. Meanwhile, according to complaints, at least one staffer who had been supportive of Bloch's interpretation was promoted.
In October 2005, the US Office of Personnel Management ordered an investigation of claims that Special Counsel Bloch retaliated against employees who disagreed with his policies. Ironically, the OSC would ordinarily oversee such whistleblower disputes. The probe is also investigating whether Bloch showed an antigay bias in refusing certain whistleblower and discrimination claims.
In February 2007, Bloch was again accused of unfair supervisor practices when several of his staffers complained they felt coerced into not cooperating with the OPM probe. Bloch's deputy issued a memo urging OSC employees to only meet with probe investigaters in a certain conference room and to report their interactions to their supervisors. Employees reported other attempts to obstruct the investigation including "suggestions that all witnesses interviewed ... provide Bloch with affidavits describing what they had been asked and how they responded."
Alleged improper deletion of emails on office computers
Bloch became most notorious for hiring "Geeks on Call", a private technological services company, to perform a "seven level wipe" of his home and office computers in 2007 after becoming involved in litigation with OSC subordinates who accused him of politically motivated harassment. This prompted several government investigations concerning Bloch's performance as a public employee, including destruction of emails and lying to Congress about it. Bloch pleaded guilty to criminal charges of contempt of Congress in 2010, but was allowed to withdraw that plea in 2011 after being sentenced by the U.S. Magistrate Judge to serve 30 days in jail in addition to other conditions, of which imprisonment (and public chastisement) his attorney, William M. Sullivan Jr. of Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP and U.S. Department of Justice prosecutors had not expected. Bloch later pleaded guilty again in U.S. District Court, this time to the misdemeanor of destroying government property, and was sentenced in June 2013 to serve two years probation and a day in jail, as well as to pay a $5000 fine and devote 200 hours to community service. After the OSC settled with the disgruntled former employees concerning the 2006-2008 charges, the Inspector General of the Office of Personnel Management issued a report critical of Bloch's conduct in office.
It is alleged that Scott Bloch erased the files on his office personal computer in 2007, and that the FBI tried to determine whether the emails were deleted improperly. The inspector general of the Office of Personnel Management examined the case at the urging of the White House. The Wall Street Journal reported in November 2007 that Bloch called the tech support service Geeks on Call for help deleting computer files instead of using his agency's own in-house computer technicians. Bloch confirmed that he contacted Geeks on Call, but insisted that it was to remove a computer virus.
FBI raid and resignation
On May 6, 2008, FBI agents raided Bloch's offices. NPR and the Wall Street Journal reported that the raids were in relation to an investigation into allegations of obstruction of justice by Bloch's office. The New York Times reported that the investigation concerned whether Bloch had hired an outside company to "scrub" computer files to prevent an inquiry into whether he had violated the Hatch Act by mixing politics with his job, which is to shield whistleblowers.
As part of an investigation into destruction of evidence, Bloch's person was searched and two portable memory devices were recovered.
On October 20, 2008, Bloch announced his intention to resign from his position as Special Counsel at the OSC on January 5, 2009. But his employment ended abruptly on October 23, during a meeting with White House officials. He was subsequently barred from entry to his office by the United States Federal Protective Service, which handles security at federal facilities.
Criminal conviction and subsequent litigation
On April 27, 2010 Bloch pleaded guilty to misdemeanor criminal conviction for damage to property for, according to the U.S. Attorney, "willfully and unlawfully withholding pertinent information from a House committee investigating his decision to have several government computers wiped ...." Bloch was originally slated to be sentenced on July 20, 2010. However, the sentencing was postponed after watchdog groups objected to a plea deal which would likely have seen Bloch get only probation. Contempt of Congress carries a maximum sentence of six months in prison. On February 2, Magistrate Judge Deborah A. Robinson ruled that Bloch faced a mandatory sentence of at least one month in prison.
On June 24, 2013, U. S. District Judge Robert L. Wilkins sentenced Bloch to 2 years probation which was terminated 1 year early. As a condition of probation, Bloch had to do community service and spend a day in the county jail, he was also ordered to pay a $5000 fine and perform 200 hours of community service.
In 2010, after an investigation by the FBI into the "Geeks on Call" incident, Bloch pleaded guilty to the misdemeanor charge of destroying government property then was sentenced to one day in jail and two years' probation, which was terminated 1 year early.
Bloch later attempted to sue the Executive Office of the President for his removal from public office. The case was dismissed by U.S. District Judge Thomas Ellis III on February 9, 2016. | WIKI |
Viewing Yoga Pants Like a Gadget, and Lululemon’s Business Model vs. Apple’s
Could there be an Apple ( AAPL ) of yoga pants, a company whose products inspire such Apple-like esteem and loyalty that competitors are forever relegated to lower-end snippets of the market? And if there is, should investors buy it, at any price?
Such is the dilemma now for any investor looking at Lululemon ( LULU ), a company that's been wildly successful selling expensive yoga pants and the like for about five years. Investors from its 2007 IPO have near-10-fold gains, and the shares are up some 260% in the past two years alone, as seen in the below stock chart . But as big-name competitors like Nike ( NKE ), Nordstrom ( JWN ) and Gap ( GPS ) line up for a direct assault, Lululemon is really going to need Apple-like dominance to keep this up.
LULU data by YCharts
Lululemon's success so far comes from completely dominating the high-end workout clothes market. It's a segment they pretty much created with a pair of yoga pants nice enough to wear to dinner and a reputation for making anyone's butt look good. Sales of those pants combined with a line of equally versatile tops, hoodies, jackets and accessories totaled $1.17 billion in the latest 12 months, up from about $370 million three years ago.
Perhaps more importantly for investors, Lululemon's profits grew faster. That's such a welcome anomaly among aggressive growth stocks these days - think all those social media companies with little or no profits - that Lululemon management has many fans in the market. YCharts Pro gives it strong marks for fundamentals.
LULU Revenue TTM data by YCharts
Recently though, retailers with lots of cash have gone all-in to compete with Lululemon's products. Gap is opening Athleta stores and targeting the same crowd. Nordstrom has a similar line. Nike and Under Armour ( UA ), which already keep potential customers away from Lululemon on the running side of the business, are doing everything they can to steal away Lulu's yoga fans. The vast majority of these products are priced just enough cheaper than Lululemon to look like bargains but maintain high-end status.
Lululemon is alarmed enough by the knock-off threat to sue several companies for patent infringement -- how Apple-like. (PVH Corp's Calvin Klein, and manufacturer G-III Apparel Group Ltd). But if the competition is hurting Lululemon's bottom line, it's hard to see yet. The company upped its forecasts earlier this month. Sales at comparable stores next quarter are expected to mark gains from the low to mid-teens; diluted earnings per share are expected to rise some 33%. It was this recent earnings report that upped valuations on Lululemon shares back into the stratosphere just as investors began questioning whether yoga pants could really be worth so much.
LULU PE Ratio data by YCharts
LULU PE Ratio data by YCharts
Continuing high valuations -- the Lululemon PE ratio hovers around 50 -- led a couple of enthusiastic buyers of the stock to back off to hold ratings this year, noting that competition, as well as general economic weakness in the U.S., could slow growth. (It's a Canadian company with stores only in North America, Australia and New Zealand.) Unlike its competitors, Lululemon's future is much more reliant on one, possibly faddish, sport. Many followers do have faith in the company's ability to adapt early to trends, and slightly less than half the analysts that follow it still have buy recommendations on the shares.
The problem for Lululemon investors is simply the expectation - years on end of very high growth - its share price suggests. At these levels, management could do everything right and still see the shares hit by selling when there are problems beyond its control, like when investors get worried about the market or the economy generally. That is, unless it really is the Apple of its world.
Dee Gill is an editor for the YCharts Pro Investor Service which includes professional stock charts , stock ratings and portfolio strategies .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Trusted answers to developer questions
Trusted Answers to Developer Questions
Related Tags
java
communitycreator
supplyasync
completablefuture
How can we process asynchronously in Java?
abhilash
supplyAsync() is a staticThe methods in Java that can be called without creating an object of the class. method of the CompletableFuture class. It processes and completes tasks asynchronously in a pool of threads.
The supplyAsync method is defined in the CompletableFuture class. The CompletableFuture class is defined in the java.util.concurrent package. To import the CompletableFuture class, we use the following import statement:
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier)
The supplyAsync method considers the passed Supplier as a task to be completed asynchronously. By default, the task is executed asynchronously in ForkJoinPool.commonPool(). This method returns a new CompletableFuture, and this value is received by invoking the supplied Supplier.
Syntax
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier)
Parameters
Supplier<U> supplier: This is the task that needs to be executed.
Return value
This method returns a new CompletableFuture.
Code
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
public class Main {
private static String process(){
sleep(1000);
System.out.println("Current Execution thread where the supplier is executed - " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
return "Hello Educative";
}
private static CompletableFuture<String> createFuture(){
return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(Main::process);
}
private static void sleep(int millis){
try {
Thread.sleep(millis);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
CompletableFuture<String> stringCompletableFuture = createFuture();
String value = stringCompletableFuture.get();
sleep(3000);
System.out.println("Completed Processing. Returned value - " + value);
}
}
Implementation of the "supplyAsync" method
Code explanation
• Lines 1–2: We import the relevant packages and classes.
• Lines 6–10: We define a function called process, which prints the thread that executes this function. The function then sleeps for one second, and returns a string.
• Lines 12–14: We define a function called createFuture. This function uses the supplyAsync() method to run the process() method in the common pool of ForkJoinPool. This function returns a CompletableFuture.
• Lines 16–22: We define a function called sleep(), which makes the current thread sleep for the given number of milliseconds.
• Line 25: We get the CompletableFuture by invoking the createFuture method.
• Line 27: We retrieve the value that is returned by the process supplier function, using the get() method.
• Line 29: We invoke the sleep function on the main thread.
• Line 31: We print the value that is returned by the supplyAsync() method.
RELATED TAGS
java
communitycreator
supplyasync
completablefuture
RELATED COURSES
View all Courses
Keep Exploring | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Health Is Everything: A Medical Blog
Your Guide To Pulmonary Function Testing
Pulmonary function tests are carried out when there's concern your lungs may not be functioning well or coping well under certain circumstances, such as when you're engaged in strenuous activity. Your doctor might also call for a test when they think you could have a lung-related health condition, such as lung fibrosis, bronchiectasis, lung cancer, or a pulmonary tumor. The tests measure your breathing capacity and how well your lungs fulfill the role of delivering oxygen to the rest of your body.
Preparing For Your Tests
There are certain steps your doctor may ask you to take in preparation for your pulmonary function testing appointment. You may be asked to temporarily stop taking certain medications, such as those used to treat asthma or chronic pain, as they may skew the results of the tests. You may also be asked to fast before your tests or consume only a light diet, as a full stomach can limit how much air your lungs can inhale per breath. Additionally, you may be asked to cut out caffeine, as caffeine can dilate your airways. You should wear loose fitting clothes that do not restrict your breathing, and you should inform the person carrying out the test of any changes to your health that have occurred since your last medical appointment.
3 Commonly Used Tests
Your doctor may suggest you have one or several types of pulmonary function tests depending on the exact reason you require the tests, because each test measures a different aspect of your overall lung function.
Spirometry is a commonly used test that measures the amount of air taken into your lungs and released during each breath and can help determine lung size. You'll have a mouthpiece fitted for this test, and your nose will be fitted with a clip to ensure you only breathe through your mouth.
Another commonly used test is the plethysmography test, which involves breathing into a mouthpiece in a sealed booth. This test can help your doctor establish the volume of gas in your lungs by measuring air pressure in the sealed booth.
Lastly, a diffusion capacity test is a useful indicator of how well the alveoli work. These are small air sacs in your lungs that facilitate the transfer of oxygen from your lungs into your bloodstream. For this test you will be asked to breathe in a range of different gases, and your doctor will measure how well your lungs cope with processing oxygen and filtering out byproducts.
Pulmonary function tests are considered low-risk, but some people may feel a little lightheaded during or after these tests. If you're preparing to undergo pulmonary functioning testing, discuss any concerns you have with your doctor beforehand to ensure you're as prepared as possible for your tests. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- FIFA Group Asks for Ban on Investors Owning Transfer Rights
World soccer ruling body FIFA says
it will consider a request to stop investors from buying stakes
in the transfer rights of players. Southern European clubs including Porto, Benfica and
Atletico Madrid are selling the stakes as banks shut off credit.
The practice, known as third-party ownership in English soccer,
was banned by the Premier League in 2007 after it obstructed
Carlos Tevez ’s move to Manchester United . FIFA’s so-called Football Committee , led by Michel Platini ,
asked the Zurich-based ruling body’s administration to submit a
proposal by the end of March, according to an e-mailed statement
today. Platini, who is president of European soccer governing
body UEFA, has said the practice is draining clubs of their
wealth. The investment model began in South America in the 1990s
with agents acquiring stakes from clubs in the future fees of
players they represented. Globally, it could now be worth more
than $500 million to soccer clubs, according to Julio Senn, a
partner at Madrid-based law firm Senn, Ferrero, Asociados Sports
& Entertainment SLP. The proposal will be submitted by the end of March. Any
rule change would need to be approved by FIFA’s Congress, which
next meets in May. To contact the reporters on this story:
Alex Duff in Madrid at
aduff4@bloomberg.net . To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Christopher Elser at at
celser@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
optimization, also known as mathematical programming, collection of mathematical principles and methods used for solving quantitative problems in many disciplines, including physics, biology, engineering, economics, and business. The subject grew from a realization that quantitative problems in manifestly different disciplines have important mathematical elements in common. Because of this commonality, many problems can be formulated and solved by using the unified set of ideas and methods that make up the field of optimization.
The historic term mathematical programming, broadly synonymous with optimization, was coined in the 1940s before programming became equated with computer programming. Mathematical programming includes the study of the mathematical structure of optimization problems, the invention of methods for solving these problems, the study of the mathematical properties of these methods, and the implementation of these methods on computers. Faster computers have greatly expanded the size and complexity of optimization problems that can be solved. The development of optimization techniques has paralleled advances not only in computer science but also in operations research, numerical analysis, game theory, mathematical economics, control theory, and combinatorics.
Optimization problems typically have three fundamental elements. The first is a single numerical quantity, or objective function, that is to be maximized or minimized. The objective may be the expected return on a stock portfolio, a company’s production costs or profits, the time of arrival of a vehicle at a specified destination, or the vote share of a political candidate. The second element is a collection of variables, which are quantities whose values can be manipulated in order to optimize the objective. Examples include the quantities of stock to be bought or sold, the amounts of various resources to be allocated to different production activities, the route to be followed by a vehicle through a traffic network, or the policies to be advocated by a candidate. The third element of an optimization problem is a set of constraints, which are restrictions on the values that the variables can take. For instance, a manufacturing process cannot require more resources than are available, nor can it employ less than zero resources. Within this broad framework, optimization problems can have different mathematical properties. Problems in which the variables are continuous quantities (as in the resource allocation example) require a different approach from problems in which the variables are discrete or combinatorial quantities (as in the selection of a vehicle route from among a predefined set of possibilities).
An important class of optimization is known as linear programming. Linear indicates that no variables are raised to higher powers, such as squares. For this class, the problems involve minimizing (or maximizing) a linear objective function whose variables are real numbers that are constrained to satisfy a system of linear equalities and inequalities. Another important class of optimization is known as nonlinear programming. In nonlinear programming the variables are real numbers, and the objective or some of the constraints are nonlinear functions (possibly involving squares, square roots, trigonometric functions, or products of the variables). Both linear and nonlinear programming are discussed in this article. Other important classes of optimization problems not covered in this article include stochastic programming, in which the objective function or the constraints depend on random variables, so that the optimum is found in some “expected,” or probabilistic, sense; network optimization, which involves optimization of some property of a flow through a network, such as the maximization of the amount of material that can be transported between two given locations in the network; and combinatorial optimization, in which the solution must be found among a finite but very large set of possible values, such as the many possible ways to assign 20 manufacturing plants to 20 locations.
Linear programming
Origins and influences
Although widely used now to solve everyday decision problems, linear programming was comparatively unknown before 1947. No work of any significance was carried out before this date, even though the French mathematician Joseph Fourier seemed to be aware of the subject’s potential as early as 1823. In 1939 a Russian mathematician, Leonid Vitalyevich Kantorovich, published an extensive monograph, Matematicheskie metody organizatsi i planirovaniya proizvodstva (“Mathematical Methods for Organization and Planning of Production”), which is now credited with being the first treatise to recognize that certain important broad classes of scheduling problems had well-defined mathematical structures. Unfortunately, Kantorovich’s proposals remained mostly unknown both in the Soviet Union and elsewhere for nearly two decades. Meanwhile, linear programming had developed considerably in the United States and Western Europe. In the period following World War II, officials in the United States government came to believe that efficient coordination of the energies and resources of a whole nation in the event of nuclear war would require the use of scientific planning techniques. The advent of the computer made such an approach feasible.
Intensive work began in 1947 in the U.S. Air Force. The linear programming model was proposed because it was relatively simple from a mathematical viewpoint, and yet it provided a sufficiently general and practical framework for representing interdependent activities that share scarce resources. In the linear programming model, the modeler views the system to be optimized as being made up of various activities that are assumed to require a flow of inputs (e.g., labour and raw materials) and outputs (e.g., finished goods and services) of various types proportional to the level of the activity. Activity levels are assumed to be representable by nonnegative numbers. The revolutionary feature of the approach lies in expressing the goal of the decision process in terms of minimizing or maximizing a linear objective function—for example, maximizing possible sorties in the case of the air force, or maximizing profits in industry. Before 1947 all practical planning was characterized by a series of authoritatively imposed rules of procedure and priorities. General objectives were never stated, probably because of the impossibility of performing the calculations necessary to minimize an objective function under constraints. In 1947 a method (described in the section The simplex method) was introduced that turned out to solve practical problems efficiently. Interest in linear programming grew rapidly, and by 1951 its use spread to industry. Today it is almost impossible to name an industry that is not using mathematical programming in some form, although the applications and the extent to which it is used vary greatly, even within the same industry.
Interest in linear programming has also extended to economics. In 1937 the Hungarian-born mathematician John von Neumann analyzed a steadily expanding economy based on alternative methods of production and fixed technological coefficients. As far as mathematical history is concerned, the study of linear inequality systems excited virtually no interest before 1936. In 1911 a vertex-to-vertex movement along edges of a polyhedron (as is done in the simplex method) was suggested as a way to solve a problem that involved optimization, and in 1941 movement along edges was proposed for a problem involving transportation. Credit for laying much of the mathematical foundations should probably go to von Neumann. In 1928 he published his famous paper on game theory, and his work culminated in 1944 with the publication, in collaboration with the Austrian economist Oskar Morgenstern, of the classic Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour. In 1947 von Neumann conjectured the equivalence of linear programs and matrix games, introduced the important concept of duality, and made several proposals for the numerical solution of linear programming and game problems. Serious interest by other mathematicians began in 1948 with the rigorous development of duality and related matters.
The general simplex method was first programmed in 1951 for the United States Bureau of Standards SEAC computer. Starting in 1952, the simplex method was programmed for use on various IBM computers and later for those of other companies. As a result, commercial applications of linear programs in industry and government grew rapidly. New computational techniques and variations of older techniques continued to be developed.
More recently there has been much interest in solving large linear problems with special structures—for example, corporate models and national planning models that are multistaged, are dynamic, and exhibit a hierarchical structure. It is estimated that certain developing countries will have the potential of increasing their gross national product (GNP) by 10 to 15 percent per year if detailed growth models of the economy can be constructed, optimized, and implemented.
What made you want to look up optimization?
(Please limit to 900 characters)
Please select the sections you want to print
Select All
MLA style:
"optimization". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015
<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/430575/optimization>.
APA style:
optimization. (2015). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/430575/optimization
Harvard style:
optimization. 2015. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 31 March, 2015, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/430575/optimization
Chicago Manual of Style:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online, s. v. "optimization", accessed March 31, 2015, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/430575/optimization.
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Click anywhere inside the article to add text or insert superscripts, subscripts, and special characters.
You can also highlight a section and use the tools in this bar to modify existing content:
We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles.
You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind:
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica articles are written in a neutral, objective tone for a general audience.
2. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered.
3. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources.
4. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are best.)
Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions.
MEDIA FOR:
optimization
Citation
• MLA
• APA
• Harvard
• Chicago
Email
You have successfully emailed this.
Error when sending the email. Try again later.
Or click Continue to submit anonymously:
Continue | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Dick Beckner
Richard Andrew "Dick" Beckner (November 24, 1927 – September 9, 1997) was an American gymnast. He competed in eight events at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
As a gymnast, Beckner was a member of Los Angeles Turners Club. His brother, Jack Beckner, was a teammate on the 1956 USA Olympic gymnastics team. | WIKI |
User:ChiaraTom93/sandbox
Chiara Tomasetta (Avellino, March 5, 1993) is an Italian translator and Social Media Manager. | WIKI |
Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth
Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth (ca. 1560 – 12 April 1639) (or "Cary") was an English nobleman and courtier. He was the youngest son of Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon, chamberlain and first cousin of Queen Elizabeth I, and Anne Morgan, daughter of Sir Thomas Morgan and Anne Whitney.
Biography
As a young man he accompanied several diplomatic missions abroad and took part in military expeditions. He was sent to Scotland in February 1587 with certain news of the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. He was met at Berwick-upon-Tweed by the Scottish diplomat George Young. According to David Moysie, Young withheld his passport and carried his news to James VI of Scotland.
In 1587, Carey joined in the attempt to relieve Sluys. In 1588 he served as a volunteer against the Spanish Armada, and commanded a regiment in the Earl of Essex's expedition to Normandy in support of the Protestant Henry IV of France in 1591, taking part in the siege of Rouen. He was knighted by Essex the same year for having by his intercession with the Queen procured his recall.
In October 1593 he brought the Scottish rebel Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell, as a guest to Carlisle Castle. This alarmed his brother-in-law, Thomas Scrope, who was Warden of the West March, because Elizabeth I had declared her nobles would not receive the earl.
In the parliaments of 1586 and 1588 he represented Morpeth; in that of 1593, Callington; and in those of 1596 and 1601, Northumberland. From 1592 till the end of Elizabeth's reign he occupied various posts in the government of the Scottish borders, being appointed Warden of the Middle March in 1596, which he held till February 1598.
This was some of the most important work of his life, and he was largely responsible for easing the troubles and the depredations of the Border Reivers. His conflict with the Scottish fyrebrande Robert Ker, 1st Earl of Roxburghe was only settled after great skill and tact on Carey's part.
In March 1603 he visited the court, and witnessed Queen Elizabeth I's last illness, which he described in his memoirs. Anxious to recommend himself to her successor James I, and disobeying the orders of the council, he started on horseback immediately after the Queen's death on the morning of 24 March 1603, in order to be the first to communicate the tidings to James. He arrived at Holyrood late on 26 March, and was appointed by the King a Gentleman of the Bedchamber. But his conduct met with general disapproval and merited censure as "contrary to all decency, good manners and respect," and on James's arrival in England he was dismissed from his new post.
Carey went into Scotland again to transact business with Sir George Home over the ownership of Norham. He went to Dunfermline Palace and was the guest of Alexander Seton who was the guardian of Prince Charles. Charles had stayed behind in Scotland, partly because he was sickly, and Carey wrote that he was "a very weak child". Prince Charles came south in September 1604 and the king sent Carey to meet him at Bishop's Auckland.
On 23 February 1605, he was made governor of Prince Charles. Carey's wife, Elizabeth Trevanion (not Aletta Hogenhove, who was the wife of his nephew Sir Robert Carey), a lady in waiting to Anne of Denmark, was responsible for the early training of the weak, stammering Charles. She taught the Prince, a late-developer, to walk and talk at the age of three, and was close to him throughout his life. Upon her husband's accession to the peerage, she became known as Dame Robert Carey, and is said to be the "Old Dame Dob" referred to in the Jack and Jill nursery rhyme, for her ministrations to the "bruised" King Charles I after his plan to raise revenue by lowering the volume of liquid in the jack (1/2 pint) and gill (1/4 pint) was foiled by publicans by simply making up the difference (up to the 1/2 pint line that is marked by a crown on pint glasses) with water.
In 1611, he was made the Master of the Robes to the Prince, in 1617 his Chamberlain, and on 6 February 1622, he was created Baron Carey of Leppington. In 1623 he followed Charles in his visit to Philip IV of Spain. Following Charles' succession to the throne he was created Earl of Monmouth in 1626. In 1621 he sat in Parliament for the last time as MP for Grampound.
He died on 12 April 1639. His eldest son by Elizabeth Trevannion, Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of Monmouth (1596–1661) succeeded him, and on his death without surviving male issue the peerage became extinct.
His Memoirs were published first by John Boyle, 5th Earl of Cork in 1759. A second edition, annotated by Sir Walter Scott, was printed in 1808.
A new edition was published in 2005, ISBN 1-904466-29-X. The Stirring World of Robert Carey: Robert Carey's Memoirs 1577-1625.
Family and issue
Robert Carey married Elizabeth Trevannion, the daughter of Sir Hugh Trevannion and Sybilla Morgan, on 20 Aug 1593. They were first cousins, with Robert's mother Anne, being the elder sister of Sybilla. They had three children:
* Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of Monmouth (1596–1661)
* Thomas Carey (1598–1634). Thomas married Margaret Smith, daughter of Thomas Smith.
* Lady Philadelphia Carey (died in c. 1654/5), married to Sir Thomas Wharton. She was the mother of the 4th Baron Wharton.
Historical fiction
Patricia Finney, writing as P.F. Chisholm, has written a series of historical mysteries featuring Sir Robert Carey, set during his time as Deputy Lord Warden of the Marches.
An elderly Robert Carey, supposedly speaking in 1626, narrates portions of George Garrett's novel ‘'The Succession'’. | WIKI |
Female (2005 film)
Female (フィーメイル) is a 2005 Japanese release consisting of five short films by different directors, each based on a short story by a popular Japanese woman writer and focusing on the nature of women's sexuality.
Details
The five sections are as follows:
Momo (Peaches)
Based on a story by Kaoruko Himeno, directed by Tetsuo Shinohara and starring Kyōko Hasegawa, Hiroyuki Ikeuchi and Eri Nomura.
Taiyo no Mieru Basho Made (Drive Until you See the Sun)
Based on a story by Yuzuki Muroi, directed by Ryuichi Hiroki and starring Chihiro Otsuka, Mitsuko Ishii and Hairi Katagiri.
Yoru no Shita (Licking Nights)
Based on a story by Kei Yuikawa, directed by Suzuki Matsuo and starring Saki Takaoka.
Megami no Kakato (Heels of the Muse)
Based on a story by Asa Nonami, directed by Miwa Nishikawa and starring Nene Otsuka and Naoyuki Morita.
Tamamushi (Jewel Beetle)
Based on a story by Mariko Koike, directed by Shinya Tsukamoto and starring Eri Ishida, Ryō Kase and Kaoru Kobayashi.
Reception
The film was reviewed positively by critic Russell Edwards for Variety as a celebration of modern womanhood and sexuality in Japan. | WIKI |
Owl Rock Capital (ORCC) Q4 Earnings Beat Mark, Jump Y/Y
Owl Rock Capital Corporation ORCC reported fourth-quarter 2021 earnings per share of 35 cents, beating the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 33 cents on the back of higher investment income. The figure also increased from the year-ago quarter’s earnings of 29 cents per share.
In the quarter, the company’s total investment income was $281.6 million, up from the year-ago level of $221.3 million. The figure also beat the consensus mark of $268 million. An increase in the debt investment portfolio benefited the metric, which was partially offset by a decline in the portfolio's weighted average yield.
The strong fourth-quarter results were supported by higher income from interest, dividends, and other sources from non-controlled and non-affiliated investments. Also, better new investment commitments in the fourth quarter benefited the results.
Owl Rock Capital Corporation Price, Consensus and EPS Surprise
Owl Rock Capital Corporation price-consensus-eps-surprise-chart | Owl Rock Capital Corporation Quote
Operating Details
Fourth-quarter total new investment commitments were $1,589.2 million, up from $1,527.4 million a year ago. Total new investment commitments for the full-year 2021 were $6,824.8 million across 67 new portfolio companies, up 98.1% year over year.
Owl Rock concluded the fourth quarter with investments in 143 portfolio companies, with an aggregate fair value of $12.7 billion. The average investment size in each portfolio company was $89.1 million (based on fair value) as of Dec 31, 2021.
Total expenses of $143.8 million in the fourth quarter rose from $106.7 million due to higher interest expenses, management fees, performance-based incentive fees and other operating expenses.
The company’s interest expenses of $60.1 million increased from $42.4 million due to higher average daily borrowings. However, the same was partly offset by a reduced average interest rate.
Net income for the fourth quarter was $174 million, down from $180.7 million a year ago due to lower net realized gains.
Dividend Update
Owl Rock declared a first-quarter dividend of 31 cents per share for its shareholders of record on Mar 31, 2022. The amount will be paid out on or before May 13.
Financial Update (as of Dec 31, 2021)
Owl Rock had cash and restricted cash worth $447.1 million at the end of the fourth quarter, sequentially down from $794.7 million.
The company exited the fourth quarter with $7.2 billion of debt, up from $7 billion at third-quarter end. Owl Rock Capital had $1.4 billion of undrawn capacity under its credit facilities. It currently has no debt maturities until December 2023.
It had total assets worth $13.3 billion, up 17.6% from the level at 2020 end.
Zacks Rank
ORCC currently has a Zacks Rank #3 (Hold). You can see the complete list of today’s Zacks #1 Rank (Strong Buy) stocks here.
Performance of Some Other Firms
Of the Finance space players that have reported fourth-quarter results so far, Aflac Incorporated AFL, Aon plc AON and MetLife, Inc. MET beat the Zacks Consensus Estimate for earnings.
Aflac Incorporated reported fourth-quarter 2021 adjusted earnings per share of $1.28.
AFL’s earnings surpassed the Zacks Consensus Estimate by 2.4% on the back of improved variable investment income from alternative investments. The uptick in sales across both the Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. segments, coupled with reduced acquisition and operating expenses, contributed to the upside.
AON reported fourth-quarter 2021 operating earnings of $3.71 per share.
Aon’s earnings outpaced the Zacks Consensus Estimate by 9.1% on solid contributions from its Reinsurance Solutions, Commercial Risk Solutions, Health Solutions and Wealth Solutions segments. Also, decreased operating expenses benefited AON’s bottom line.
MetLife reported fourth-quarter 2021 adjusted operating earnings of $2.39 per share.
MET’s earnings surpassed the Zacks Consensus Estimate by 52.8% thanks to solid contributions from its MetLife Holdings, Latin America and Asia businesses. Lower expenses also aided MetLife’s earnings.
Zacks Names "Single Best Pick to Double"
From thousands of stocks, 5 Zacks experts each have chosen their favorite to skyrocket +100% or more in months to come. From those 5, Director of Research Sheraz Mian hand-picks one to have the most explosive upside of all.
It’s a little-known chemical company that’s up 65% over last year, yet still dirt cheap. With unrelenting demand, soaring 2022 earnings estimates, and $1.5 billion for repurchasing shares, retail investors could jump in at any time.
This company could rival or surpass other recent Zacks’ Stocks Set to Double like Boston Beer Company which shot up +143.0% in little more than 9 months and NVIDIA which boomed +175.9% in one year.
Free: See Our Top Stock and 4 Runners Up >>
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report
MetLife, Inc. (MET): Free Stock Analysis Report
Aflac Incorporated (AFL): Free Stock Analysis Report
Aon plc (AON): Free Stock Analysis Report
Owl Rock Capital Corporation (ORCC): Free Stock Analysis Report
To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
Zacks Investment Research
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Template:Did you know nominations/Klingermans Run, Cranberry Run
The result was: promoted by Hawkeye7 (talk) 18:39, 7 November 2014 (UTC)
Klingermans Run, Cranberry Run
* ... that although Klingermans Run and the nearby Cranberry Run have similar geologies and land uses, the former is Class A Wild Trout Waters and the latter is incapable of supporting fish life?
* Reviewed: Template:Did you know nominations/Test Australia: The National IQ Test, Template:Did you know nominations/Florence Pernel
Moved to mainspace by Jakec (talk). Self nominated at 17:45, 22 September 2014 (UTC).
* Good catch. I did copy a few sentences from Stranger Hollow and forgot to change Stranger Hollow to Cranberry Run while writing that article, but that text was only three days old at the time. --Jakob (talk) 17:07, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
* Good catch. I did copy a few sentences from Stranger Hollow and forgot to change Stranger Hollow to Cranberry Run while writing that article, but that text was only three days old at the time. --Jakob (talk) 17:07, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
* Symbol confirmed.svg Cleaned up, good to go.-- ¿3fam ily6 contribs 18:53, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
* Symbol question.svg - Could we maybe have an ALT hook please? That one is very convoluted and slightly confusing at first glance. PanydThe muffin is not subtle 19:41, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
* I understood it at first glance, but maybe it could be shortened a bit:
* ALT1: ... that although Klingermans Run and the nearby Cranberry Run have similar geology, the former is Class A Wild Trout Waters and the latter is incapable of supporting fish life? Yoninah (talk) 23:30, 6 November 2014 (UTC)
* I suppose ALT1 would work. --Jakob (talk) 23:53, 6 November 2014 (UTC)
* It seems there is agreement then. Symbol confirmed.svg for ALT 1.-- ¿3fam ily6 contribs 04:13, 7 November 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
secant line circle
A straight line can intersect a circle at zero, one or two points. Secant. A line intersecting in two points is called a secant line, in one point a tangent line and in no points an exterior line.A chord of a circle is the line segment that joins two distinct points of the circle. a line segment between the 2 points on the circle is a chord. Intersecting secant and tangent line with vertices on, inside, or outside the circle Secant and tangents of circles, and where they intersect in relation to the circle In this lesson we’ll look at angles whose sides intersect a circle in certain ways and how the measures of such angles are related to the measures of certain arcs of that circle. 1984, p. 429). Secants A secant is a line, ray, or line segment that intersects a circle in two places. The word secant comes from the Latin word secare, meaning to cut. Read more. Starting with the Pythagorean identity, sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ = 1, you can derive tangent and secant Pythagorean identities. A tangent cannot pass through a circle; if it does, it is classified as a chord. In geometry, a secant of a curve is a line that intersects the curve at a minimum of two distinct points. The length of the secant of a circle is less than its diameter. to specifically acquire guide by on-line. Intersecting secants theorem. If two secant segments are drawn from a point outisde a circle, the product of the lengths (C + D) of one secant segment and its exteranal segment (D) equals the product of the lengths (A + B) of the other secant segment and its external segment (B). The average rate of change of a function between two points and the slope between two points are the same thing. Secant Line Definition Formula Video Lesson Transcript . Calculus I Tangent Lines And Rates Of Change . The secant line above cuts (intersects) the curve at three distinct points. En savoir plus. ???\overline{AB}??? A line intersecting in two points is called a secant line, in one point a tangent line and in no points an exterior line. Figure %: A secant line Previous section Problems Next section Problems. Median response time is 34 minutes and may be longer for new subjects. A secant is a line containing a chord. Secant. Secant line with arbitrary difference. hide the original line. sec 1. a. Example of Secant. Definition Of Secant Line . i know the difference of them, but i dont kno how to tell which is which when you hav the equation of a circle and the equation of a line The line segment inside the circle between P and Q is called a chord. θ = [1/2](m[arc BC] - m[arc AC]) θ: Angle formed by a tangent and a secant arc BC: The outer arc arc AC: The inner arc. Secant of a circle crosses the circle only at two points. Today we are going to look at angles created by secants. In Geometry, secant lines are often used in the context of circles.The secant line below, in red, intersects the circle … The line that has length $\tan \theta$ is tangent to the circle, whereas the line that has length $\sec \theta$ is secant to the circle. Angle formed by a Tangent and a Secant. The diameter of a ball is 8 in. I create online courses to help you rock your math class. Secant Tangent And Derivatives . Chords are lines or rays that extend through a circle, while secants are segments entirely within a circle. Secant Line With Arbitrary Difference Derivatives Introduction . that's the diameter. Hi! Take a Study Break. That point is called the point of tangency. All you do is throw in a little algebra and apply the reciprocal and ratio identities and — poof! a line between the 2 points on the circle is a secant. A secant is a line that intersects a curve at a minimum of two different points.. tolerate me, the e-book will completely melody you extra event to read. 7. Perpendicular Tangent Theorem. Answers: 2 Show answers Another question on Mathematics. In the case of a circle, a secant will intersect the circle at exactly two points.A chord is the actual line segment determined by these two points, that is, the interval on the secant whose ends are at these positions. define a line segment between those 2 points. Q: Suppose the integral shown. A secant line, also simply called a secant, is a line passing through two points of a curve. The problems for the students are given on the next pages. The straight line drawn from the center through one end of a circular arc and intersecting the tangent to the other end of the arc. A tangent is a line in the same plane as a given circle that meets that circle in exactly one point. This online revelation secant and tangent relationships tesccc answer key can be one of the options to accompany you afterward having new time. The secant of a circle is a line or line segment that intersects the circle at two points. round only your final answer to the nearest hundredth. By Mary Jane Sterling . The meaning of secant is very simple and it goes like this “secant is a line which intersects the circle at 2 points”. A chord is therefore contained in a unique secant line and each secant line determines a unique chord. How do a secant line and a tangent line that pass through a common point on a graph differ? A chord of a circle is the line segment that joins two distinct points of the circle. Common lines and line segments on a circle, including a secant. θ = [1/2](m[arc BD] - m[arc AC]) θ: Angle formed by two intersecting secants arc BD: The outer arc arc AC: The inner arc. define another point anywhere on the circle. Mathematics, 21.06.2019 15:00. find the intersection of the line and the circle (one will be the point you already created). It is also equivalent to the average rate of change, or simply the slope between two points. Secant is different from chord, radius, diameter and tangent. Secants and circles. Tangent and Secant Identities on a Unit Circle. use 3.14 for pi. Diameter is double the radius. b. Move the black dot around to see how the slope of the tangent line (the derivative) changes as we change the point of tangency. is a secant of this circle. How many different tangents can there be at one given point on a circle? Secant line = Average Rate of Change = Slope . Determine the value of the slope of the tangent line by examining the list of slopes on the subsequent page. (You can think of a tangent line as just barely touching the circle.) Move the open circle point on the x-axis toward the solid black point on the curve. A secant line is a line that intersects a circle at two points. A straight line intersecting a curve at two or more points. A secant line is a straight line joining two points on a function. — two new identities. A secant is a line that passes through a circle at two points. It is not a line segment and can be extended on both sides. Or you could even think of it as the slope of the tangent line. For understanding in a better way just observe the below given diagram. The blue line in the figure above is called the "secant to the circle c". The exsecant function gives you the part of the secant line that’s outside the unit circle, which is a circle with a radius of 1. Secant Line. Hi Welcome to MooMooMath. At each step the file is set up to capture the value of the slope of the secant line. I'm krista. A chord of a circle is defined as a part or segment of the secant whose end points lie on the circle. If a line intersects a circle at two points, then the line is a secant of the circle. Secant Lines . More About Secant. Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. As discussed above, the radius is the fixed distance from the centre to any point on the boundary of a circle. A circle is drawn with centre A. *Response times vary by subject and question complexity. We can also say as “if a line is meeting the circle at any 2 points then that line is called as secant”. In the left figure above, Calculus 1 Limits Derivatives 1 Of 27 The Tangent Line And The . As the two points are brought together (or, more precisely, as one is brought towards the other), the secant line tends to a tangent line.. In mathematics, a secant line is a line that intersects a curve in two or more places. There are a number of interesting theorems related to secant lines. Formula Angle formed by Two Secants. The segment inside the circle is 1, so all you have to do to find the exsecant is to: Find the secant of the angle (length AC in the above image), Subtract 1. Furthermore, suppose ƒ is an even function andg is an odd function. Now turn off the red dot (by clicking the circle in pane 10) and also the secant line (by clicking the circle in pane 7). Up Next. It will not waste your time. In geometry, a secant line commonly refers to a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points (Rhoad et al. Every secant line, therefore, contains a chord of the circle it intersects. If a line intersects a circle at exactly one point, then the line is tangent to the circle. (See below.) so, STEP BY STEP EXPLANATION- When you want someone to circle back, you need to go on a secant. Video Examples: Geometry - Secants . If the two points coincide at the same point, the secant becomes a tangent, since it now touches the circle at just one point. In math, a secant is the line that locally intersects two points on a curve. In abstract mathematics, the points connected by a secant line can be either realor complex conjugate imaginary. There’s a special relationship between two secants that intersect outside of a circle. enter your answer as a decimal in the box. An Archaic Function. Next, click the circle in pane 8. The red graph you see is the derivative function. A secant jumps straight to the point. The circle above is the unit circle. Calculus What Does Secant Mean In Mathematics Mathematics Stack . Then the secant line is going to better and better and better approximate the instantaneous rate of change right over here. secant définition, signification, ce qu'est secant: 1. in a triangle that has one angle of 90°, the ratio of the hypotenuse (= the length of the side…. Secant of a circle definition is as follows: A line that meets a circle in exactly two points. what is the volume of the ball? The secant line connects two points and in the Cartesian plane on a curve described by a function .It gives the average rate of change of from to The line shown in the figure is intersecting the circle in two distinct points. c. The ratio of the length of this line to the length of the radius of the circle… As you move one of the points P,Q, the secant will change accordingly. cant (sē′kănt′, -kənt) n. Abbr.
What Is Health And Safety Management, They Have In Spanish, Pug Birthday Gif, Teapot Charm Pandora, Sambal Menu Irvington, Handmade Teapot Set, Opal In Arabic, Foam Adhesive Spray Bunnings, Hausdorff Distance Python Github, | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Imus Heritage Park
The Imus Heritage Park is a memorial park in Imus, Cavite, Philippines commemorating the Battle of Alapan. It is known for the Shrine of the National Flag of the Philippines (Filipino: Dambana ng Pambansang Watawat ng Pilipinas)
The National Historical Commission of the Philippines recognizes the Imus Heritage Park as a National Historic Landmark through Resolution No. 5 of May 26, 1993. The park has also been a venue of National Flag Day commemorations.
The park covers an area of 5 ha, purportedly at the site where the Battle of Alapan occurred. It also features a 35.05 m flagpole, which used to be the old Independence Flagpole in Rizal Park in Manila. In 2019, a sanctum of Katipunan revolutionary flags was unveiled at the National Flag Shrine. A 10 m sculpture known as the Inang Laya ('Mother of Freedom') was inaugurated the following year. | WIKI |
vibhor vaish vibhor vaish - 5 months ago 34
Java Question
This pattern matches for input 123456789.2.2.2 , which it should not
Your task is to match the pattern abc.def.ghi.jkl , where each variable a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l can be any single character except the newline.
For above question i am matching the input to regex :
"([^\\n]{3}(.)){3}([^\\n]{3})"
// this is the regex pattern i am using currently
what am i doing wrong, please help me correct the above regex so that it does not match to the input i have provided in the title.Currently it matches to it somehow.Although i have provided 3 it is apparently matching to more than 3 characters.
Answer
. has a special meaning in regular expression patterns.
If you want to get a "simple dot", you need to quote/escape it (as "\\.").
And that special meaning is (under normal configuration) "any character except line breaks", which exactly matches your other condition, so you can simplify this to
"(...)\\.(...)\\.(...)\\.(...)" | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
igking
Verb
* 1) to react to a sudden, often unexpected, stimulus (such as a sharp prick or a loud sound) by jerking the body violently; to jump | WIKI |
A Guide to Essential Nutrients for Hair Growth
Introduction
We all desire a lush, vibrant mane that reflects not only our external beauty but also the overall health of our bodies. Achieving and maintaining healthy hair involves more than just the right shampoos and conditioners—it requires a foundation of essential nutrients that support the growth and strength of your locks. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the key nutrients crucial for promoting hair growth and ensuring your tresses are the best they can be.
Protein: The Building Block of Hair
Protein is the fundamental building block of hair, and ensuring an adequate intake is vital for healthy hair growth. Hair is composed of a protein called keratin, and incorporating high-quality sources of protein into your diet is essential. Include lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and nuts to provide the amino acids necessary for strong and resilient hair.
B Vitamins: Energizing the Follicles
B vitamins play a crucial role in promoting hair growth by supporting the health of hair follicles. The B-vitamin complex includes various components such as Biotin (B7), Niacin (B3), Folate (B9), and Cobalamin (B12). These vitamins contribute to improved blood circulation to the scalp, preventing hair loss and promoting the development of new hair cells. Foods rich in B vitamins include whole grains, meat, fish, dairy products, leafy greens, and legumes.
Vitamin E: Antioxidant Protection
Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that helps combat oxidative stress, a contributor to hair aging and damage. Incorporating vitamin E-rich foods into your diet, such as nuts, seeds, spinach, and avocados, can contribute to a healthy scalp and nourished hair.
Vitamin A: Sebum Production and Scalp Health
Vitamin A plays a crucial role in the production of sebum, the natural oil that moisturizes the scalp. A well-hydrated scalp is essential for preventing dryness and flakiness, promoting the ideal environment for hair growth. Include orange and yellow fruits and vegetables, leafy greens, and liver in your diet for a good supply of vitamin A.
Vitamin D: Hormonal Balance
Vitamin D is not only essential for overall health but also plays a role in hair follicle cycling. Adequate levels of vitamin D contribute to the regulation of hormones, promoting hair growth and preventing hair loss. Natural sources of vitamin D include sunlight exposure, fatty fish, fortified dairy products, and egg yolks.
Iron: Oxygen Supply to Hair Follicles
Iron is a key mineral that ensures proper oxygen supply to the hair follicles, promoting healthy hair growth. Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, a condition that may result in hair loss. Include iron-rich foods in your diet, such as lean meats, poultry, fish, lentils, and fortified cereals, to support your hair’s vitality.
Zinc: Tissue Repair and Hair Growth
Zinc is essential for tissue repair and contributes to the maintenance of healthy hair. It plays a role in the repair and growth of hair tissues, preventing hair loss and promoting the strength of individual strands. Oysters, beef, nuts, seeds, and whole grains are excellent sources of zinc.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Scalp Health and Hair Density
Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and flaxseeds, are essential for maintaining a healthy scalp. A well-nourished scalp is fundamental for preventing conditions like dandruff and promoting hair density and thickness.
Copper: Pigmentation and Hair Color
Copper is involved in the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of your hair. Adequate copper levels contribute to the maintenance of natural hair color. Include copper-rich foods such as organ meats, shellfish, nuts, and seeds in your diet.
Silica: Strengthening Hair Structure
Silica is a lesser-known but crucial mineral for strengthening the hair’s structure. It contributes to the formation of collagen, a protein that provides elasticity to hair strands. Incorporate silica-rich foods like oats, brown rice, and leafy greens into your meals.
Collagen: Structural Support for Hair
Collagen is a structural protein that provides support and strength to various tissues in the body, including hair. Including collagen-rich foods like bone broth, chicken, fish, and collagen supplements can contribute to the overall health and resilience of your hair.
Hydration: Water for Hair Health
While not a nutrient, hydration is a fundamental aspect of hair health. Water is essential for maintaining the moisture balance of your hair and preventing dryness and breakage. Ensure you’re drinking an adequate amount of water daily to support the health and appearance of your locks.
Unleash the power of Olaplex Hair Loss treatments – a breakthrough in hair care for those seeking effective solutions.
Conclusion
Achieving the luscious, healthy hair you desire goes beyond external treatments—it begins with nourishing your body from within. A well-balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods ensures that your hair receives the essential vitamins, minerals, and proteins needed for optimal growth and strength. Consider your diet as the foundation of your hair care routine, and with a holistic approach to nutrition, you’ll be on your way to flaunting the vibrant and beautiful hair you’ve always dreamed of. Remember, true beauty starts from the inside. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Fractals/Iterations in the complex plane/demm
This algorithm has 2 versions :
* exterior
* interior
Compare it with version for dynamic plane and Julia set : DEM/J
=Exterior DEM/M= Distance Estimation Method for Mandelbrots set ( DEM/M ) estimates distance from point $$c\,$$ ( in the exterior of Mandelbrot set ) to nearest point in Mandelbrot set.
Names
* the (directional) distance estimate formula
It can be used to create B&W images from BOF :
* map 41 on page 84
* map 43 on page 85
* an unnumbered plot on page 188
types
* analytic DE = DEM = true DE
* Claude DE = fake DE ( FDE): FDE=1/(g*log(2)) when g>0 and undefined when g=0 (i.e., in interior)
Math formule
Math formula :
* $$distance(c_0,\sigma M) =\lim_{n \to \infty} 2 \frac{|z_n|}{|z'_n|}\ln|z_n|$$
where :
* $$z_n = f_c^n(z=0.0)$$
* $$z_n' = \frac{d}{dc} f_c^n(z_0).$$
is a first derivative of $$f_c^n(z_0)$$ with respect to c which can be found by iteration starting with
* $$z_0' = \frac{d}{dc} f_c^0(z_0) = 1$$
and then replacing at every consecutive step
* $$z_{n+1}' = \frac{d}{dc} f_c^{n+1}(z_0) = 2\cdot{}f_c^n(z)\cdot\frac{d}{dc} f_c^n(z_0) + 1 = 2 \cdot z_n \cdot z_n' +1.$$
Escape radius
* "you need to change "If mag > 2" to increase the escape radius. Attached is a comparison, showing that the "straps" reduce when the radius is increased, no harm going huge like R = 1e6 or so because once it escapes 2 it grows very fast. The bigger the radius, the more accurate the distance estimate." Claude
* Basically in testing magnitude squared against bailout
* if your bailout is 10^4 then your DE estimates are accurate to 2 decimal figures i.e. if your DE is 0.01 then it's only accurate to +/-0.0001,
* if your bailout is 10^6 then your DE estimates are accurate to 3 decimal figures (David Makin in fractalforums.com)
"For exterior distance estimation, you need a large escape radius, eg 100100. Iteration count limit is arbitrary, with a finite limit some pixels will always be classified as "unknown"." Claude Heiland-Allen
Comparison
* The Beauty of Fractals
* The Science of Fractal Images, page 198,
* Distance Estimator by Robert P. Munafo
Pseudocode by Claude Heiland-Allen foreach pixel c while not escaped and iteration limit not reached dc := 2 * z * dc + 1 z := z^2 + c de := 2 * |z| * log(|z|) / |dz| d := de / pixel_spacing plot_grey(tanh(d))
Code
Analysis of code from BOF
"The Beauty of Fractals" gives an almost correct computer program for the distance estimation shown in the right image. A possible reason that that method did not gain ground is that the procedure in this program is seriously flawed: The calculation of $$z_k$$ is performed (and completed) before the calculation of $$z'_k$$, and not after as it ought to be ($$z'_{k+1}$$ uses $$z_k$$, not $$z_{k+1}$$). For the successive calculation of $$z'_k$$, we must know $$f'(z_k)$$ (which in this case is 2$$z_k$$). In order to avoid the calculation of $$z_k$$ (k = 0, 1, 2, ...) again, this sequence is saved in an array. Using this array, $$z'_{k+1} = 2z_kz'_k + 1$$ is calculated up to the last iteration number, and it is stated that overflow can occur. If overflow occurs the point is regarded as belonging to the boundary (the bail-out condition). If overflow does not occur, the calculation of the distance can be performed. Apart from it being untrue that overflow can occur, the method makes use of an unnecessary storing and repetition of the iteration, making it unnecessarily slower and less attractive. The following remark in the book is nor inviting either: "It turns out that the images depend very sensitively on the various choices" (bail-out radius, maximum iteration number, overflow, thickness of the boundary and blow-up factor). Is it this nonsense that has got people to lose all desire for using and generalizing the method? " Gertbuschmann
So :
* in the loop, derivative should be calculated before the new z
"I'm finally generating DEM (Distance Estimate Method) based images that I'm happy with. It turns out that my code had a couple of bugs in it. The new code runs reasonably fast, even with all the extra math to compute distance estimates.
The algorithm in S of F I ("The Science of Fractal Images" uses a sharp cut-off from white to black when pixels get close enough to the set, but I find this makes for jagged looking plots. I've implemented a non-linear color gradient that works pretty well.
For pixels where their DE value is threshold>=DE>=0, I scale the value of DE to 1>=DE>=0, then do the calculation: gradient_value = 1 - (1-DE)^n, ("^n" means to the n power. I wish I could use superscripts!)
"n" is an adjustment factor that lets me change the shape of the gradient curve. The value "gradient_value" determines the color of the pixel. If it's 0, the pixel is colored at the starting color (white, for a B&W plot.) If "gradient_value" is 1, the pixel gets the end color (e.g.
black) For values of n>1, this gives a rapid change in color for pixels that are far from the set, and a slower change in value as DE approaches 0. For values of n<1, it gives a slow color change for pixels far from the set, and rapid change close to the set. For n=1, I get a linear
color gradient. The non-linear gradient lets me use the DE value to anti-alias my plots. By adjusting my threshold value and my adjustment value, I can get good looking results for a variety of images." Duncan C
"All our DE formulas above are only approximations – valid in the limit n→∞, and some also only for point close to the fractal boundary. This becomes very apparent when you start rendering these structures – you will often encounter noise and artifacts.
Multiplying the DE estimates by a number smaller than 1, may be used to reduce noise (this is the Fudge Factor in Fragmentarium).
Another common approach is to oversample – or render images at large sizes and downscale." Mikael Hvidtfeldt Christensen
Example code
* ultrafractal
Two algorithm in two loops
* Distance estimation to the Mandelbrot set by Inigo Quilez in shadertoy : Distance estimation to the Mandelbrot set by Inigo Quilez
Here is Java function. It computes in one loop both : iteration $$z_n\,$$ and derivative $$z'_n\,$$. If (on dynamic plane) critical point :
* does not escapes to infinity ( bailouts), then it belongs to interior of Mandelbrot set and has colour maxColor,
* escapes then it maybe in exterior or near boundary. Its colour is "proportional" to distance between the point c and the nearest point in the Mandelbrot set. It uses also colour cycling ( (int)R % maxColor ).
Here is cpp function. It gives integer index of color as an output.
Two algorithms in one loop
* distance rendering for fractals by ińigo quilez in c++
Modifications / optimisations
Creating DEM images can be improved by use of :
* the Koebe 1/4-theorem
* gray scale based on distance
* Fractal forum : Relationship between bailout and accuracy of analytical DE
* weight in DEM/M
* if you see double contur of main antenna :
* increasing resolution does't solve the problem
* add one pixel to height or change CyMax or CyMin ( add one pixel size).
equalisation
Distance Estimate Equalisation
Program exrdeeq
* reads DEX and DEY channels
* outputs Y channel
* DE less than 0 becomes 0
* DE greater than 1 becomes 1
* otherwise Y is the index of DE in the sorted array, scaled to the range 0 to 1
exrdeeq in.exr out.exr
Examples
height=800 width=800 max_iterations=10000 center_r=-1.74920463346 center_i=-0.000286846601561 r_width=3.19E-10
* B of F map 43 DEM by Duncan Champney
* This plot is centered on -0.7436636773584340, 0.1318632143960234i at a width of about 6.25E-11
* Smily Kaleidoscope by Duncan Champney
=Interior distance estimation= Estimates distance from limitly periodic point $$c\,$$ ( in the interior of Mandelbrot set ) to the boundary of Mandelbrot set.
Descriptions :
* Book : The Science of Fractal Images, Springer Verlag, Tokyo, Springer, New York, 1988 by Heinz-Otto Peitgen, D. Saupe, page 294
* Interior and exterior distance bounds for the Mandelbrot by Albert Lobo Cusidó
* interior distance estimate by R Munafo
* mandelbrot-numerics library : m_d_interior by Claude
Math description
The estimate is given by :
* $$distance(c,\sigma M) = d(c, z_0, p) = \frac{1-\mid{\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0)}\mid^2}
{\mid{\frac{\partial}{\partial{c}}\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0) + \frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0) \frac{\frac{\partial}{\partial{c}}f_c^p(z_0)} {1-\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0)}}\mid}$$ where
$$p$$ is the period = length of the periodic orbit
$$c$$ is the point from parameter plane to be estimated
$$f_c(z)$$ is the complex quadratic polynomial $$f_c(z)=z^2 + c$$
$$f_c^p(z_0)$$ is the $$p$$-fold iteration of $$f_c(z) $$
$$z_0$$ is any of the $$p$$ points that make the periodic orbit ( limit cycle ) $$\{z_0, \dots, z_{p-1} \}$$
4 derivatives of $$f_c^p $$ evaluated at $$z_0, c, p$$ :
$$\frac{\partial}{\partial{c}}\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0)$$
$$\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0)$$
$$\frac{\partial}{\partial{c}}f_c^p(z_0)$$
$$\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0)$$
First partial derivative with respect to z
It must be computed recursively by applying the chain rule : Starting points : $$ \begin{cases} \frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^0(z_0) = 1 \\ f_c^0(z_0) = z_0 \end{cases} $$
First iteration : $$ \begin{cases} \frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^1(z_0) = 2*f_c^0(z_0)*\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^0(z_0) = 2z_0 \\ f_c^1(z_0) = (f_c^0(z_0))^2 + c = z_0^2 + c \end{cases} $$
Second iteration : $$ \begin{cases} \frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^2(z_0) =2*f_c^1(z_0)*\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^1(z_0)= 4z_0^3+4cz_0 \\ f_c^2(z_0) = (f_c^1(z_0))^2 + c = (z_0^2 + c)^2 + c = z_0^4 + 2*c*z_0^2 + c^2 + c \end{cases} $$
General rule for p iteration : $$ \begin{cases} \frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0) = 2*f_c^{p-1}(z_0)*\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^{p-1}(z_0) \\ f_c^p(z_0) = f_c^{p-1}(z_0)^2 + c \end{cases} $$
First partial derivative with respect to c
It must be computed recursively by applying the chain rule : Starting points : $$ \begin{cases} \frac{\partial}{\partial{c}}f_c^p(z_0) = 0 \\ f_c^0(z_0) = z_0 \end{cases} $$
First iteration : $$ \begin{cases} \frac{\partial}{\partial{c}}f_c^1(z_0) = 2*f_c^0(z_0)*\frac{\partial}{\partial{c}}f_c^0(z_0) + 1 = 1 \\ f_c^1(z_0) = (f_c^0(z_0))^2 + c = z_0^2 + c \end{cases} $$
Second iteration : $$ \begin{cases} \frac{\partial}{\partial{c}}f_c^2(z_0) =2*f_c^1(z_0)*\frac{\partial}{\partial{c}}f_c^1(z_0) + 1 = 2z_0^2 +2c + 1 \\ f_c^2(z_0) = (f_c^1(z_0))^2 + c = (z_0^2 + c)^2 + c = z_0^4 + 2*c*z_0^2 + c^2 + c \end{cases} $$
General rule for p iteration : $$ \begin{cases} \frac{\partial}{\partial{c}}f_c^p(z_0) = 2*f_c^{p-1}(z_0)*\frac{\partial}{\partial{c}}f_c^p(z_0) + 1 \\ f_c^p(z_0) = f_c^{p-1}(z_0)^2 + c \end{cases} $$
Second order partial derivative with respect to z
It must be computed : Starting points : $$ \begin{cases} \frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^0(z_0) = 1 \\ \frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0) = 0 \\ f_c^0(z_0) = z_0 \end{cases} $$
* together with :$$f_c^n $$ and $$\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0)$$
* recursively by applying the chain rule
First iteration : $$ \begin{cases} \frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^1(z_0) = 2*f_c^0(z_0)*\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^0(z_0) = 2z_0 \\ \frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0) = 2\{ (\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^0(z_0))^2 + f_c^0(z_0)*\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^0(z_0)\} = 2\\ f_c^1(z_0) = (f_c^0(z_0))^2 + c = z_0^2 + c \end{cases} $$
Second iteration : $$ \begin{cases} \frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^2(z_0) =2*f_c^1(z_0)*\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^1(z_0)= 4z_0^3+4cz_0 \\ \frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0) = \\ f_c^2(z_0) = (f_c^1(z_0))^2 + c = (z_0^2 + c)^2 + c = z_0^4 + 2*c*z_0^2 + c^2 + c \end{cases} $$
General rule for p iteration : $$ \begin{cases} \frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0) = 2*f_c^{p-1}(z_0)*\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^{p-1}(z_0) \\ \frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0) = 2\{ (\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^{p-1}(z_0))^2 + f_c^{p-1}(z_0)*\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^{p-1}(z_0)\}\\ f_c^p(z_0) = f_c^{p-1}(z_0)^2 + c \end{cases} $$
Second order mixed partial derivative
$$\frac{\partial}{\partial{c}}\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^p(z_0) = 2(\frac{\partial}{\partial{c}} f_c^{p-1}(z_0)*\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^{p-1}(z_0) + f_c^{p-1}(z_0)*\frac{\partial}{\partial{c}}\frac{\partial}{\partial{z}}f_c^{p-1}(z_0))$$
Steps
* choose c
* check if critical point for given c is periodic ( interior ) or not ( exterior or near boundary or to big period )
* if not periodic do not use this algorithm ( use exterior version)
* if periodic compute period and periodic point $$z_0$$
* using $$ c, z_0, p$$ compute distance using p iteration
Code
* Java code by Albert Lobo Cusidó
* Haskell code by Claude and image
* processing code and description by tit_toinou
Problems
There are two practical problems with the interior distance estimate:
* first, we need to find $$z_0$$ precisely,
* second, we need to find $$p$$ precisely.
The problem with $$z_0$$ is that the convergence to $$z_0$$ by iterating $$P_c(z)$$ requires, theoretically, an infinite number of operations.
The problem with period is that, sometimes, due to rounding errors, a period is falsely identified to be an integer multiple of the real period (e.g., a period of 86 is detected, while the real period is only 43=86/2). In such case, the distance is overestimated, i.e., the reported radius could contain points outside the Mandelbrot set.
For interior distance estimation, you need the period, then a number (maybe 10 or so should usually be enough) Newton steps to find the limit cycle.
the interior checking code absolutely requires the reference to be at the nucleus of the island (not any of its child discs, and certainly not some random point)
Optimisation
* Analogous to the exterior case, once b is found, we know that all points within the distance of b/4 from c are inside the Mandelbrot set.
* Adaptive super-sampling using distance estimate Adaptive super-sampling using distance estimate by Claude Heiland-Allen
=References=
* Distance Estimation for Hybrid Escape Time Fractals by Claude Heiland-Allen 2020-04-23
* Milnor "Self-similarity and hairiness in the Mandelbrot set" in Computers in Geometry and Topology, 1989. | WIKI |
Sport Club Bom Jesus
Sport Club Bom Jesus was a Brazilian football club based in Matriz de Camaragibe, Alagoas. The team last participated in the Campeonato Alagoano in the 2006 season.
The club was founded on 1 January 1928.
Honours
* Campeonato Alagoano Second Division: 1990, 2001 | WIKI |
Latest Release
03.27.2007
Source Code, version 1.1.
download...
HEX File, version 1.1
download...
additional link
Contact information
If you have any questions, comments or suggestions, please don't hesitate to contact me at: alex@kr1st.com
For QSL information, please check my information on QRZ.com.
serial controller software for the ad9851
Before I started working on the CI-V DDS Controller software I tried to build a Serial DDS Controller, which can be found on the AmQRP web site. I loaded the code available on the Serial DDS Controller web page into a PIC and fired up the DDS and controller. The DDS didn't generate a sinus following the programmed frequency. A frequency counter connected to the output of the DDS would not settle on a single frequency and when looking at the out put on the oscilloscope it was just a horrible signal the DDS was generating. After double checking everything, I finally realized that the current DDS kit (DDS-60) offered by the good folks of AmQRP uses a different DDS chip than the when the original Serial DDS Controller was developed. The old chip was the AD9850 and the current chip is the AD9851.
the differences
The AD9851 is different from the AD9850 in several ways. I'll only highlight the differences pertinent to this project.
The AD9851 allows you to use a clock input of up to 180 MHz. Since such high frequency accurate clock signal generators can be expensive, the AD9851 allows you to use a clock signal generator up to 30 MHz and use an internal six time clock multiplier.
The DDS-60 kit comes delivered with a 30 MHz clock generator and the older kit used a 100 MHz clock generator. This affects the programming of the Serial DDS Controller in two ways. First, the control word needs to have a certain bit set so that the 6 time internal clock multiplier will be switched on. And secondly, the calculations are worked out for a 100 MHz clock, which has to be corrected for a 180 MHz (6 x 30 MHz) clock signal.
Another difference between the AD9851 and the older AD9850 is that the AD9851 has a factory test mode. This test mode can be entered if a certain combination of pulses appear on certain input pins of the AD9851. There is a note in the AD9851 datasheet warning that the AD9851 can enter the test mode upon power up and the output of the DDS can be unpredictable if it's not known what data is in the input buffer of the AD9851.
Indeed I found that when I changed the Serial DDS Controller software to correctly calculate the control word and set the correct bit for the clock multiplier, it would sometimes simply not generate a signal at all. In fact, you would have to turn off and on the Serial DDS Controller several times to make it do anything. The AD9851 DDS would sometimes enter the test mode as the datasheet noted.
To prevent this from happening I made sure that the Serial DDS Controller would clear out the buffer of the DDS when the Serial DDS Controller starts. Now the DDS will not enter the test mode anymore upon power up.
the new controller software for the dds-60
You can download the source code of the revised version, version 1.1, of the Serial DDS Controller from this site. A hex file is also available from this site to program into 16F628 PIC chip.
Conclusion
The Serial DDS Controller is an excellent application to get your feet wet in Direct Digital signal Synthesis. See the original web site on how to use the software. The controller and software basically give you a computer controlled signal generator up to 60 MHz, and it even offers you a scan feature.
This version 1.1 of the software does not work with the older DDS board, only with the DDS-60 kit available from AmQRP.
If you have any questions or suggestions, please do not hesitate to drop me an email.
73,
--Alex, KR1ST | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Geo Swan/working/Summary of Evidence memos/pg489 test
This memo was released in April of 2005.
The allegations this detainee faced were:
* 'a. The detainee is associated with al Qaida and the Taliban:
* ''The detainee is a Tablique.
* ''The detainee stated that he is a Tabliri.
* ''Jama'at Al Tablighi [sic], a Pakistan based Islamic missionary organization, is becoming increasing [sic] radicalized, and is being used as a cover to mask travel and activities of terrorists including members of al Qaida.
* ''One of the detainee's known aliases, along with passport information, was found on a list recovered during raids against al Qaida-associated safe houses.
* ''The detainee was arrested with 14 others at an Arab guesthouse run by an al Qaida facilitator.
* ''At the time of his arrest by the Pakistani police, the detainee had 1,200 United States Dollars in his possession. | WIKI |
Stukeley
Etymology
Habitational surname from the villages of and, in Cambridgeshire, from +.
Proper noun
* , usually known as Stukeley Meadows.
* , usually known as Stukeley Meadows.
Statistics
* According to data collected by Forebears in 2014, Stukeley is the 55534th most common surname in England, belonging to 14 individuals. | WIKI |
Closed5
TopOpt.jlを使って何か遊びつつドキュメントを残す
MarieΔMarieΔ
TopOpt.jlについて
TopOpt.jlはJuliaのトポロジー最適化用ライブラリです。
以下はgithubに書いてあった情報をまとめています。
下記のように様々なペナルティの取り方に対応しています。
• Solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP)
• Rational approximation of material properties (RAMP)
• Continuation SIMP/RAMP
• Bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) with soft-kill
• Topology optimization of binary structures (TOBS)
また最適化の手法に関しても以下のようなものが利用可能です。
• Method of moving asymptotes
• All the algorithms in NLopt
• Ipopt
• First order augmented Lagrangian algorithm
• Nonlinear semidefinite programming for buckling constrained optimization
• Basic surrogate assisted optimization and Bayesian optimization
• Integer nonlinear programming (design variables guaranteed to be integer)
• Sequential integer linear programming in the topology optimization for binary structures (TOBS) algorithm
(Nonconvex.jlというものを利用しているので、それに準拠するものなら全て使えそうです。)
MarieΔMarieΔ
TopOpt.jl のinstallの仕方について
using Pkg
pkg"add TopOpt"
描画に関しては、Makie.jlを使っています。このライブラリは別途入れてください。
環境について
OS X(intel), julia 1.6.4(LTS)では動作を確認しています。
逆にDockerでこのバージョンで環境構築しようとした場合うまくいかなかったです。(1.6-1.8まで確認済み)
MarieΔMarieΔ
点荷重片持ち梁問題
ここからはTutorialに移っていきます。
ライブラリのインポート
using TopOpt
using Makie
using GLMakie
using TopOpt.TopOptProblems.Visualization: visualize
(結果を視覚化して出力するので、TopOpt以外のライブラリも入れています。単純に計算のみではTopOptだけ入れればいいです)
パラメータの定義
E = 1.0 # ヤング率
v = 0.3 # ポアソン比
f = 1.0; # 点荷重
nels = (30, 20, 10) # 設計空間
problem = PointLoadCantilever(Val{:Linear}, nels, (1.0, 1.0, 1.0), E, v, f); # 点荷重片持ち梁問題呼び出し
ちなみに、PointLoadCantilierの詳細は以下のようになっています。
///**********************************
///* *
///* * |
///* * |
///********************************** v
@params struct PointLoadCantilever{dim, T, N, M} <: StiffnessTopOptProblem{dim, T}
rect_grid::RectilinearGrid{dim, T, N, M}
E::T
ν::T
ch::ConstraintHandler{<:DofHandler{dim, <:Cell{dim,N,M}, T}, T}
force::T
force_dof::Integer
black::AbstractVector
white::AbstractVector
varind::AbstractVector{Int}
metadata::Metadata
end
束縛パラメータの設定
V = 0.2 # 体積の束縛
xmin = 1e-6 # 最小密度
rmin = 2.0; # 密度に関するフィルタ(おそらく平滑化)の半径
ペナルティとソルバーの定義
penalty = TopOpt.PowerPenalty(3.0) ### pρKのpの設定
solver = FEASolver(Direct, problem; xmin=xmin, penalty=penalty)
コンプライアンスマトリクスの設定
comp = TopOpt.Compliance(solver) # コンプライアンスマトリクスの計算
filter = DensityFilter(solver; rmin=rmin) # フィルタの設定
obj = x -> comp(filter(PseudoDensities(x)))
体積制約の設定
volfrac = TopOpt.Volume(solver) # 体積の計算
constr = x -> volfrac(filter(PseudoDensities(x))) - V # 体積制約との誤差計算
最適化処理の設定
x0 = fill(V, length(solver.vars)) # 配列生成
model = Model(obj)
addvar!(model, zeros(length(x0)), ones(length(x0)))
add_ineq_constraint!(model, constr)
alg = MMA87() #最適化アルゴリズムの定義
convcriteria = Nonconvex.KKTCriteria() # Karush-Kuhn-Tucker 残差
options = MMAOptions(;
maxiter=3000, tol=Nonconvex.Tolerance(; x=1e-3, f=1e-3, kkt=0.001), convcriteria
) # イテレーション, 終了条件, 誤差函数の設定
r = optimize(model, alg, x0; options) # 最適化器の設定
@show obj(r.minimizer)
実際にプログラムが走るとこのようなログが出力されます。
[ Info: iter obj Δobj violation kkt_residual
[ Info: 0 5.0e+03 Inf 1.1e-14 8.0e+03
[ Info: 1 2.3e+03 2.7e+03 0.0e+00 2.1e+03
[ Info: 2 1.1e+03 1.2e+03 0.0e+00 1.9e+03
[ Info: 3 3.8e+02 7.6e+02 0.0e+00 5.6e+02
[ Info: 4 1.3e+02 2.5e+02 0.0e+00 8.2e+01
[ Info: 5 7.6e+01 5.4e+01 0.0e+00 9.7e+00
[ Info: 6 6.0e+01 1.6e+01 0.0e+00 3.1e+00
.
.
.
obj(r.minimizer) = 36.48359966639993
値はプログラムを走らせる事で当然変わるので、表記のみ参考にしてください。
グラフの保存
fig = visualize(
problem; topology = r.minimizer,
default_exagg_scale = 0.07, scale_range = 10.0,
vector_linewidth = 1, vector_arrowsize = 0.3,
)
save("opt.png", fig)
実際に実行するとこのようなグラフが得られます。無事構造を求めることができました。
(みづらいですが、x, yが底面になっており、z方向に荷重がかかっています。)
MarieΔMarieΔ
系の切り替えについて
デフォルトで定義されている系は以下です。
TopOpt.TopOptProblems.PointLoadCantilever
TopOpt.TopOptProblems.HalfMBB
TopOpt.TopOptProblems.LBeam
TopOpt.TopOptProblems.TieBeam
これ以上の場合、別途系を定義する必要があります。
系の定義には、Typemethodどちらの定義も必要となります。
具体的には以下のように作成します。
using Ferrite
using TopOpt
using TopOpt.TopOptProblems: RectilinearGrid, Metadata
using TopOpt.TopOptProblems:
left,
right,
bottom,
middley,
middlez,
nnodespercell,
nfacespercell,
find_black_and_white,
find_varind
using TopOpt.Utilities: @params
@params struct Hoge{dim,T,N,M} <: StiffnessTopOptProblem{dim,T}
rect_grid::RectilinearGrid{dim,T,N,M}
E::T
ν::T
ch::ConstraintHandler{<:DofHandler{dim,<:Cell{dim,N,M},T},T}
load_dict::Dict{Int,Vector{T}}
black::AbstractVector
white::AbstractVector
varind::AbstractVector{Int}
metadata::Metadata
end
function NewPointLoadCantilever(
::Type{Val{CellType}},
nels::NTuple{dim,Int},
sizes::NTuple{dim},
E=1.0,
ν=0.3,
force=1.0,
) where {dim,CellType}
.
.
.
return Hoge(
rect_grid, E, ν, ch, load_dict, black, white, varind, metadata
)
end
TopOptProblems.nnodespercell(p::Hoge) = nnodespercell(p.rect_grid)
function TopOptProblems.getcloaddict(p::Hoge{dim,T}) where {dim,T}
return p.load_dict
end
また、Methodの書き方ですが、PointLoadCantileverの例を以下に載せておきます。
function PointLoadCantilever(
::Type{Val{CellType}},
nels::NTuple{dim,Int},
sizes::NTuple{dim},
E=1.0,
ν=0.3,
force=1.0,
) where {dim,CellType}
iseven(nels[2]) && (length(nels) < 3 || iseven(nels[3])) ||
throw("Grid does not have an even number of elements along the y and/or z axes.")
_T = promote_type(eltype(sizes), typeof(E), typeof(ν), typeof(force))
if _T <: Integer
T = Float64
else
T = _T
end
if CellType === :Linear || dim === 3
rect_grid = RectilinearGrid(Val{:Linear}, nels, T.(sizes))
else
rect_grid = RectilinearGrid(Val{:Quadratic}, nels, T.(sizes))
end
if haskey(rect_grid.grid.facesets, "fixed_all")
pop!(rect_grid.grid.facesets, "fixed_all")
end
#addfaceset!(rect_grid.grid, "fixed_all", x -> left(rect_grid, x));
addnodeset!(rect_grid.grid, "fixed_all", x -> left(rect_grid, x))
if haskey(rect_grid.grid.nodesets, "down_force")
pop!(rect_grid.grid.nodesets, "down_force")
end
addnodeset!(
rect_grid.grid, "down_force", x -> right(rect_grid, x) && middley(rect_grid, x)
)
# Create displacement field u
dh = DofHandler(rect_grid.grid)
if CellType === :Linear || dim === 3
push!(dh, :u, dim) # Add a displacement field
else
ip = Lagrange{2,RefCube,2}()
push!(dh, :u, dim, ip) # Add a displacement field
end
close!(dh)
ch = ConstraintHandler(dh)
#dbc = Dirichlet(:u, getfaceset(rect_grid.grid, "fixed_all"), (x,t) -> zeros(T, dim), collect(1:dim))
dbc = Dirichlet(
:u, getnodeset(rect_grid.grid, "fixed_all"), (x, t) -> zeros(T, dim), collect(1:dim)
)
add!(ch, dbc)
close!(ch)
t = T(0)
update!(ch, t)
metadata = Metadata(dh)
fnode = Tuple(getnodeset(rect_grid.grid, "down_force"))[1]
node_dofs = metadata.node_dofs
force_dof = node_dofs[2, fnode]
N = nnodespercell(rect_grid)
M = nfacespercell(rect_grid)
black, white = find_black_and_white(dh)
varind = find_varind(black, white)
return PointLoadCantilever(
rect_grid, E, ν, ch, force, force_dof, black, white, varind, metadata
)
end
このスクラップは2023/10/18にクローズされました | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Joseph Raymond HANAS, Plaintiff, v. INNER CITY CHRISTIAN OUTREACH, INC., a Michigan non-profit corporation, Dwight R. Rottiers, Stan-ette J. Amy, and Reginald Coleman, Defendants.
No. 06-10290.
United States District Court, E.D. Michigan, Southern Division.
Feb. 29, 2008.
Andrew A. Nickelhoff, Sachs Waldman, Michael J. Steinberg, Detroit, MI, Gregory T. Gibbs, Gregory T. Gibbs Assoc., Flint, MI, for Plaintiff.
Michael J. Gildner, Simen, Figura, H. William Reising, Plunkett & Cooney, Flint, MI, for Defendants.
Reginald Coleman, Flint, MI, pro se.
Order Granting in Part and Denying in Part Hanas’s Motion for Summary Judgment [48]; and Denying in Part and Granting in Part Amy’s Motion for Summary Judgment [18] and Coleman’s Concurrence [24]
ARTHUR J. TARNOW, District Judge.
A. Before Placement at Inner City Christian Outreach 1. January 23, 2003 Hearing. 2. January 24, 2003 Hearing. B. After Placement . 1. February 27, 2003 Hearing. 2. March 13, 2003 Hearing. III. Relief Requested and Procedural Framework. IV. Inner City Christian Outreach and Dwight Rottiers .... A. State action . B. Issue of fact. C. Free exercise. D. Establishment Clause. E. Right to counsel. F. Equal protection. G. Conspiracy. V. StanetteAmy. A. Pre-Placement.'. B. Post-Placement. 1. Amy does not receive absolute immunity. 2. A caseworker in Amy’s position could receive absolute immunity in certain circumstances. 3. Qualified immunity. a. Amy did not directly commit certain constitutional torts . b. Amy did not violate, or is entitled to qualified immunity as to right to counsel. c. Amy’s act and omission caused violations of Hanas’s constitutional rights. i. Section 1985 was not violated . ii. Section 1986 was not violated . iii. Tort causation . VI. Reginald Coleman. A. State action . B. Immunity. C. Direct constitutional torts. 1. Equal protection. 2. Free exercise. 3. Right to counsel. 4. Establishment clause. D. Conspiracy to commit constitutional violations. VII. Damages. VIII. Next steps.-.. I. He opted for the residential placement. At ICCO, Pastor Dwight Rottiers and other Inner City staff prevented Hanas from practicing Catholicism and forced him to participate in worship services and Bible studies grounded in the Pentecostal tradition.
This lawsuit does not directly deal with the question whether the Genesee County Drug Court’s ultimatum to Hanas was constitutional. To address that issue, Hanas filed a petition asking the Court to grant a writ of habeas corpus. By agreement of the parties, the court will consider that petition after this case is concluded. Rather, this lawsuit focuses on the actions of some of the people who carried out the Drug Court’s order. In addition to Inner City Christian Outreach and Dwight Rotti-ers, the named defendants include Stan-ette Amy, a case manager and social worker employed by the Drug Court, as well as Reginald Coleman, a paid Drug Court consultant who introduced Inner City Christian Outreach to the Drug Court and runs a Christian substance abuse ministry that works with people from ICCO. Invoking 42 U.S.C. § 1983, Hanas’s complaint alleges that the defendants, acting under color of law, either violated, conspired to violate, or failed to prevent violations of Hanas’s constitutional rights of free exercise of his religion, freedom from government establishment of religion, and equal protection under the law, as well as his Sixth Amendment right to counsel, as he was a criminal defendant while he was at ICCO.
Plaintiff Hanas filed a motion for summary judgment as to all defendants. Amy filed a motion for summary judgment, in which Reginald Coleman concurred. Pastor Rottiers and Inner City Christian Outreach did not respond to Hanas’s summary judgment motion, nor did they appear for the November, 2007 hearing on the cross-motions. For the reasons that follow, the court grants in part and denies in part Hanas’s motion for summary judgment. The court denies in part and grants in part Amy’s motion, as well as Coleman’s concurrence to the motion. Amy and Coleman bear no liability for their actions before Hanas’s placement at Inner City Christian Outreach. The following chart summarizes the court’s decision.
Count Rottiers and ICCO Coleman Amy
Free exercise (I) Liable Not liable Liable, though factual scope to be determined
Establishment Clause (II) Liable Liable Liable, though factual scope to be determined
Right to counsel (III) Liable Liable Liable, though factual scope to be determined
Equal protection (II) Hanas motion denied Not liable Not liable
Conspiracy (IV) Hanas motion denied Not liable Not liable
Failure to prevent violations (V) Not alleged Not alleged Not liable
II. Facts
In March of 2002, Hanas appeared in Genesee County Circuit Court for his arraignment. He pleaded guilty to possession with intent to deliver marijuana.
Genesee County Circuit Court had established a Drug Court. In Drug Court, once someone pleaded guilty to a drug offense, the defendant may have been eligible to participate in a Drug Court rehabilitation program. Instead of being sentenced after the guilty plea, the Drug Court ordered the prisoner to undergo rehabilitative services without being incarcerated. If the prisoner completed the program successfully, then the original charges against him would be dismissed.
After Hanas’s guilty plea on March 25, 2002, Hanas was allowed to participate in the Drug Court program. The Court delayed sentencing for one year so that Ha-nas could receive rehabilitative services while the Drug Court monitored his progress. See Amy’s Motion for Summ. J., docket entry 18, at 4 [hereinafter Amy Mot.].
Hanas entered a Salvation Army rehabilitation program in Flint in Fall 2002, but he failed to complete the program. He went home, started drinking and attempted to re-admit himself at the Flint Salvation Army rehabilitation program. They refused him, because he was under the influence of alcohol at that time. Amy Mot. at 4.
Hanas later entered a rehabilitation program at the Salvation Army in Grand Rapids. But he failed to complete this program successfully as well.
After coming back home, Hanas was charged in January, 2003 with being a minor consuming, purchasing, and/or possessing alcohol.
A. Before Placement at Inner City Christian Outreach
1. January 23, 2003 hearing
Because of this alcohol violation, Hanas appeared before Judge Ransom of the Drug Court on January 23, 2003.
Hanas expressed interest in the New Paths day rehabilitation program. Tr. of Jan. 23, 2003 Hrg. at 4, Amy’s Mot., Ex. 6. Stanette Amy, a Drug Court caseworker/social worker with a law degree, reported to Judge Ransom that she thought Hanas “could benefit by a full-length program.” Id. Reginald Coleman, a paid Drug Court consultant, was also present at the hearing, though he did not give a recommendation to the Court. See Coleman Dep. at 32, Plaintiffs Mot. for Summ. J. As to All Defendants, docket entry 48, Ex. D [hereinafter Hanas Mot.] (Coleman was paid by the Drug Court). Judge Ransom continued the hearing to the next day to give some time to see which programs Hanas was eligible for.
2. January 2k, 2003 hearing
The hearing started with Judge Ransom admonishing Hanas for not completing the Salvation Army programs successfully: “Well, Mr. Hanas, sort it out here. If you start and quit one program after another, there’s going to come a point when there’s going to be some consequence. Does that make sense? ... [Y]ou’re getting dangerously close to getting washed out here.” Tr. of January 24, 2003 Hrg. at 6, Amy Mot., Ex. 7.
Hanas again expressed interest in going to New Paths, a day program. But Ha-nas, Amy reported, was ineligible for New Paths. Amy recommended that Hanas be placed in a residential program. She also said he would be helped by being away from home and being around men more. Tr. of January 24, 2008 Hrg. at 6-7, Amy Mot., Ex. 7. She believed that Hanas did not have funds to pay for a residential program and that he needed immediate placement, so Amy recommended that Judge Ransom place Hanas in Inner City Christian Outreach. Amy Aff. at 3, Amy Mot., Ex. 9.
This was not discussed at the January 24, 2003 hearing, but Amy now states in her affidavit that Hanas was the first person she had recommended that the Drug Court place at Inner City Christian Outreach. Amy Aff. ¶ 9, Amy’s Supp. Br. Supporting Def. Amy’s Mot. For Summ. J., docket entry 55, Ex. 2 [hereinafter Amy Reply]. She also states that “while [she] was aware of Inner City Christian Outreach as a potential provider of services to Drug Court, it was not until the day before Judge Ransom sent Mr. Hanas to Inner City Christian Outreach that [she] had any opportunity to inquire about, and receive information about, the nature of their program.” Id. at ¶ 10. She states in her affidavit that she knew that ICCO was faith-based, but that it didn’t raise any red flags for her because all “programs involved in substance abuse rehabilitation ... had ... faith based programs.” Id. at ¶ 12. Rottiers later testified at a deposition that Coleman helped him introduce ICCO to the Drug Court. Hanas’s Response to Def. Stanette Amy’s Mot. for Summ. J. at 4 [hereinafter Hanas Resp.].
At the hearing, Hanas’s counsel, Yian-natji, said he had conferred with Rottiers and reported to Judge Ransom that ICCO provided better rehabilitative job training than New Paths did. Tr. of January 24, 2003 Hrg. at 7, Amy Mot., Ex. 7.
Judge Ransom therefore ordered that Hanas be placed at ICCO and set a followup hearing for March 6, 2003. Tr. of January 24, 2003 Hrg. at 13, Amy Mot., Ex. 7.
Judge Ransom concluded the hearing by exhorting Hanas to complete the program at Inner City Christian Outreach successfully. In response to the judge’s statement that “you either complete the program, or chances are you’re going to prison,” Hanas replied, “All right. I got no choice then but to complete the program.” Tr. of January 24, 2003 Hrg. at 9, Amy Mot., Ex. 7. Amy reinforced this ultimatum, saying “And remember, the rules of Pastor Rottiers’[s] Program are the rules of the Court. It’s just the same. Id. at 13.
B. After Placement
Things changed once Hanas arrived at Inner City Christian Outreach. Hanas alleges that:
1. ICCO staff told him that Catholicism is witchcraft.
2. His rosary and prayer book were confiscated.
3. He was prevented from seeing a priest or deacon.
4. Rottiers told one of Hanas’s relatives that Hanas had given up his freedom of religion when he signed up for ICCO.
5. ICCO systematically indoctrinated Hanas with Pentecostalism, required him to study the Bible, and forced him to attend Pentecostal worship services.
6. Hanas was not permitted to speak with his attorney.
All of these abuses, Hanas alleges, were done under the threat of expulsion from Inner City Christian Outreach, in which case Hanas would probably go to prison.
Judge Ransom states in his affidavit that Hanas’s mother confronted him in court “several days following” Hanas’s placement on January 24, 2003 into ICCO with concerns she had about the religious nature of Inner City. J. Ransom Aff. at 3, Amy Reply, Ex. 1. This is confirmed by an affidavit from Hanas’s mother, Chris. Ha-nas Resp., Attach. B. at 4, ¶ 12. She states that on January 30, 2003, she and her sister “went to the Drug Court where a ceremony was taking place ... to talk to Judge Ransom about Joe. We told the Judge about the religious activity at ICCO, and that Joe was getting no help and no substance abuse counseling. Diane gave the Judge a letter she had written. The Judge put her letter on his bench, and told us that what was happening at ICCO was all part of the process.” Id.
Judge Ransom was out of town from January 31, 2003 through February 14, 2003. Id.
During this time while Judge Ransom was gone, Hanas’s attorney, Yiannatji, filed affidavits describing abuses occurring at ICCO. For instance, he filed an affidavit on February 14, 2003 outlining the constitutional violations taking place. Hanas Resp., Attach. D, Ex. B.
Hanas alleges that Stanette Amy rebuffed his mother and aunt’s attempts to stop the abuses at Inner City Christian Outreach and that she took no action to prevent what was going on despite having the power to do so. For instance, after his placement at ICCO, Hanas had written a nine-page letter to Amy that suggested that First Amendment violations were taking place. See Hanas letter, Hanas Resp., Attach. B., Ex. D. Amy was aware of the free exercise and Establishment Clause violations, as she had made arrangements for Hanas’s deacon to visit, but failed to act on a February 5 letter that Hanas’s mother had written to Amy, which explained that Rottiers had blocked the deacon from seeing Hanas. See Chris Hanas letter at 4, Hanas Resp., Attach. B, Ex. E.
Amy’s compliance log indicates that on February 11, 2003, she told Pastor Rotti-ers that any order of ICCO was an order of the Court, thereby reinforcing what she reasonably should have known were egregious constitutional violations. Hanas Resp., Attach. H, Dep Ex. 6 at 1. Hanas also argues that ICCO prevented him from seeing his attorney, and that Amy took no action to investigate or remedy this civil rights violation. Hanas Mot. at 19.
When Judge Ransom returned, he says Amy and other members of his staff told him about complaints from Hanas’s mother. Consequently, he convened a Drug Court team meeting on February 20, 2003. J. Ransom Aff., Amy Reply, Ex. 1 at 3. Hanas points out, though, that Amy testified at her deposition that she did not alert the Judge to the complaints when he got back, because she said Judge Ransom “was fully aware of the problems” which would have been discussed at the February 20 meeting, even though she couldn’t specifically recall whether they were. Ha-nas’s Reply in Supp. Of Pl.’s Mot. For Summ. J. as to all Defs. at 5 n. 3 [hereinafter Hanas Reply]. Based upon this meeting and a request from Hanas’s attorney, Judge Ransom set a hearing for February 27, 2003, which was in advance of the previously scheduled March 6 follow-up date. Amy Reply, Ex. 1 at 3.
1. February 27, 200S hearing
This hearing took place after an off-the-record conference the previous day where Hanas’s counsel, Yiannatji, was present.
The Court acknowledged that ICCO did not provide any drug treatment. Instead, it stated that Inner City Christian Outreach was merely a residential placement, where Hanas could receive outpatient drug treatment services from another provider. Tr. of February 27, 2003 Hrg. at 5, Hanas Resp., Attach H., Dep. Ex. 16. Hanas now states in his affidavit that outpatient drug counseling might only have been available after someone had stayed at Inner City Christian Outreach for ten months. See Hanas Aff. at 2, ¶ 9, Hanas Resp., Attach. A. Rottiers later testified at his deposition that ICCO referred residents to Coleman’s religious substance abuse counseling program. Hanas Resp. at 4.
Hanas’s counsel informed the court of the constitutional violations that were taking place. Tr. of February 27, 2003 Hrg. at 11, Hanas Resp., Attach H., Dep. Ex. 16. But Judge Ransom basically said that Hanas knew what he was getting into when he opted for the placement at Inner City Christian Outreach instead of prison. Tr. of February 27, 2003 Hrg. at 7, Hanas Resp., Attach H., Dep. Ex. 16.
Hanas’s counsel brought up the possibility of alternatively placing Hanas at the Salvation Army, but Judge Ransom refused to send Hanas, as he believed Hanas had already failed twice at the Salvation Army. Tr. of February 27, 2003 Hrg. at 7-8, Hanas Resp., Attach H., Dep. Ex. 16.
When Hanas’s attorney asked the Court for an order allowing Hanas’s priest to visit at ICCO, Stanette Amy stated, “Pastors Rottiers said that ... they would not have the other faiths coming in and each doing them own thing while he’s at the church.” Tr. of February 27, 2003 Hrg. at 9, Hanas Resp., Attach H., Dep. Ex. 16.
2. March 13, 2003 hearing
Again at this hearing, Hanas’s counsel informed the Court of the constitutional violations that were going on. Judge Ransom again responded that Hanas had a choice between Inner City Christian Outreach and jail and that Hanas had freely opted for ICCO.
Hanas’s attorneys, this time including a couple affiliated with the American Civil Liberties Union, asked that Hanas be placed in a secular alternative, like New Paths.
Judge Ransom refused, saying that Ha-nas wasn’t finishing his programs and was “jumping from one program to another.” Tr. of Mar. 13, 2003 Hrg. at 22, Amy Mot., Ex. 10. The Judge told one of the ACLU attorneys, “I could probably give you a half a dozen alternative programs that he could have the opportunity to be in.... [H]is religious beliefs don’t play any role whatsoever in what I’m doing here.” Tr. of Mar. 13, 2003 Hrg. at 25, Amy Mot., Ex. 10.
Judge Ransom then removed Hanas from Inner City Christian Outreach and sentenced Hanas to six months of incarceration followed by four years of probation.
III. Relief Requested and Procedural Framework
Hanas asks the court for declaratory relief, as well as compensatory and punitive damages. Complaint at 10.
The power to hear cases under the Declaratory Judgment Act is discretionary. 28 U.S.C. § 2201(a); see also Adrian Energy Assocs. v. Mich. PSC, 481 F.3d 414, 421 (6th Cir.2001) (Section 2201(a) “of the Act gives district courts statutory discretion to decide whether to entertain actions for declaratory judgments. Section 2201 explicitly provides that ‘any court of the United States, upon the filing of an appropriate pleading, may declare the rights and other legal relations of any interested party seeking such declaration.’ ”) When deciding whether to exercise jurisdiction in a declaratory judgment action, courts are to look to five factors:
(1) whether the judgment would settle the controversy; (2) whether the declaratory judgment action would serve a useful purpose in clarifying the legal relations issues; (3) whether the declaratory remedy is being used merely for the purpose of ‘procedural fencing’ or ‘to provide an arena for a race for res judi-cata’; (4) whether the use of a declaratory action would increase the friction between our federal and state courts and improperly encroach on state jurisdiction; and (5) whether there is an alternative remedy that is better or more effective.
Scottsdale Ins. Co. v. Roumph, 211 F.3d 964, 965-68 (6th Cir.2000).
Genesee County Drug Court stopped making referrals to Inner City Christian Outreach. See Tr. of Jan. 22, 2004 Hrg. at 6-7, Hanas’s Resp., Ex. J. And Coleman testified at his 2006 deposition that he was no longer a paid consultant of the Drug Court since 2004. Nevertheless, the court believes that declaratory judgment is still appropriate, because, without putting the public on notice by announcing declaratory relief, there is “some likelihood of the recurrence” of these kinds of constitutional torts. Cf. Williams v. General Foods Corp., 492 F.2d 399, 406 (7th Cir.1974) (declaratory relief available as to discriminatory employment policy, even though policy had been discontinued, because Title VII litigation “involv[ed] the public interest” and “was intended to effectuate congressional policies” and there was likelihood of recurrence of discriminatory policy). Declaratory relief serves a useful purpose. Furthermore, declaratory relief will settle the core of this § 1983 suit without encroaching upon state court jurisdiction.
Summary judgment is appropriate where “the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits ... show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 56. The moving party bears the initial responsibility of demonstrating that there is an absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). All inferences must be made in a light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Matsushita Electrical Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986).
IV. Inner City Christian Outreach and Dwight Rottiers
A. State action
Rottiers and ICCO must have acted under color of law to be liable under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Uncontested facts support the court’s determination that they did act under color of law.
Rottiers and Inner City Christian Outreach received the court’s endorsement of their authority. For instance, Judge Ransom and Amy admonished Hanas to follow the rules of Pastor Rottiers’s program. As Amy said, “the rules of Pastor Rottiers’[s] program are the rules of the Court.” Tr. of January 24, 2003 Hrg. at 13, Amy Mot., Ex. 7. Rottiers and Inner City Christian Outreach acted jointly with the Drug Court. See Adickes v. S.H. Kress & Co., 398 U.S. 144, 152, 90 S.Ct. 1598, 26 L.Ed.2d 142 (“To act ‘under color’ of law does not require that the accused be an officer of the State. It is enough that he is a willful participant in joint activity with the State or its agents.”). Alternatively, there was a symbiotic relationship between Rottiers, ICCO, and the Drug Court, as the Drug Court provided Inner City Christian Outreach with a source of referrals, while ICCO served the Drug Court’s need for a no-cost residential program. See Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority, 365 U.S. 715, 724, 81 S.Ct. 856, 6 L.Ed.2d 45 (1961).
And because Rottiers and Inner City Christian Outreach are not state officers, the court does not need to proceed through the qualified immunity analysis to decide their liability. See Dennis v. Sparks, 449 U.S. 24, 29, 101 S.Ct. 183, 66 L.Ed.2d 185 (1980) (private party who had acted under color of law was nevertheless not entitled to immunity).
B.Issue of fact
Defendants Rottiers and Inner City Christian Outreach have not presented evi-dentiary material, such as affidavits, to oppose Hanas’s motion for summary judgment. Nor did Rottiers and ICCO appear for the motions hearing. Therefore, court must determine whether it is “appropriate” to enter summary judgment against Rottiers and Inner City Christian Outreach under Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(e). In essence, the court must “search the record and independently determine whether or not a genuine issue of fact exists.” 10B Charles A. Wright, Arthur R. Miller, and Mary Kay Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2739 n. 24 at 395 (1998). Inferences drawn from Hanas’s filings must be viewed in the light most favorable to Rottiers and ICCO. Id. at n. 22 at 394. Rottiers never testified under oath at the March 13, 2003 hearing, so the only evidence that might indicate a genuine issue of fact are the excerpts from Rottiers’s deposition.
The following are the factual issues that Rottiers disputes, presented in abbreviated form.
,• Says he did not tell Amy that other faiths cannot come into ICCO. Rottiers Dep. at 76, Hanas Mot., Ex. C.
• Would not have prevented Hanas from receiving communion from a Catholic priest at ICCO. Rottiers Dep. at 84.
• Did not tell Amy that he wouldn’t allow a deacon to see Hanas. Rottiers Dep. at 77.
• Did not tell Hanas’s aunt that no other clergy allowed at ICCO. Rottiers Dep. at 95.
• Does not recall telling aunt that Joseph Hanas gave up his freedom of religion when he accepted the placement at ICCO. Rottiers Dep. at 96.
• Did not call, and states that none of overseers called, a rosary or Catholic prayer book an item of witchcraft. Rottiers Dep. at 97.
• Did not tell Joseph Hanas that he could practice his freedom of religion in jail. Rottiers Dep. at 98.
C. Free exercise
Despite the list of facts Rottiers disputes, there is no evidence disputing that Hanas’s rosary book and prayer book were confiscated. This conduct violates the free exercise clause of the First Amendment. See Hanas Mot. at 12 (citing Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. 517, 547 n. 13, 104 S.Ct. 3194, 82 L.Ed.2d 393 (1984) (Stevens J., cone, in part and diss. in part) (“A prisoner’s possession of ... personal property relating to religious observance, such as a Bible or a crucifix, is surely protected by the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment.”)). Nor can defendants reasonably argue that confiscating the rosary and prayer book served any penological interest. Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78, 89, 107 S.Ct. 2254, 96 L.Ed.2d 64 (1987). Summary judgment is therefore entered against ICCO and Rottiers on the free exercise portion of count I.
D. Establishment Clause
As for the Establishment Clause claim in count I, Rottiers did state that ICCO was a “Christ centered Bible teaching program. That’s what we’re all about. Anything other than that we do not allow in there.” Rottiers Dep. at 77 (emphasis added). However, he also said that he did not tell Amy or Hanas’s aunt that other faiths were not allowed at ICCO. Nevertheless, Rottiers’s statement does not create a genuine issue of material fact as to the Establishment Clause violation, because his deposition testimony only says that he did not tell Stanette Amy or Ha-nas’s aunt about not allowing other faiths at ICCO.
The Establishment Clause violation here is flagrant, because Rottiers and Inner City Christian Outreach acted with the authority of the state, and Hanas faced incarceration if he were expelled for resisting Rottiers’s directives on how to worship. Accordingly, summary judgment is entered against Inner City Christian Outreach and Rottiers with respect to the EstablishmenNClause portion of count I.
E. Right to counsel
Nor is there evidence disputing that Hanas’s right to counsel was violated by Rottiers and ICCO. Rottiers and Inner City prevented Hanas from seeing his attorney, and Hanas was a criminal defendant who was being monitored by the Drug Court to see whether he would have to go to prison. See Hanas Mot. at 12-13. Summary judgment is entered against Rottiers and ICCO on count III.
F. Equal protection
Hanas has not shown that there were other people who adhered to conventional precepts who were allowed to pursue their religion. See Cruz v. Beto, 405 U.S. 319, 322, 92 S.Ct. 1079, 31 L.Ed.2d 263 (1972). Hanas’s only argument in support of his equal protection claim is that he was treated “far more harshly than other residents because he wished to practice his faith (and then because he sought an attorney’s help so he could do so).” Hanas Mot. at 12. There is no evidence to support this argument. Therefore, Hanas’s motion for summary judgment on the equal protection portion of count II is denied, and Amy’s motion and Coleman’s concurrence are granted.
G.Conspiracy
The elements of a conspiracy claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1985(3) do not merely require that an agreement be made for the purpose of depriving someone’s constitutional rights. Rather, the conspiracy must exist for the purpose of depriving a person or class of persons of equal protection of the law. See Radvansky v. City of Olmsted Falls, 395 F.3d 291, 314 (6th Cir. 2005). Hanas has not shown how he was a member of a class that was treated differently pursuant to a conspiracy from a similarly situated class. Therefore, his motion for summary judgment is correspondingly denied as to all defendants, and Amy’s motion and Coleman’s concurrence are granted.
V. Stanette Amy
The parties do not dispute that Stanette Amy acted under color of law under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Nor do they dispute that, as a government officer, the court must apply either absolute or qualified immunity analysis to her actions.
A. Pre-Placement
Amy has absolute immunity from damages for her failure to investigate Inner City Christian Outreach before recommending it to the Drug Court. See Bush v. Rauch, 38 F.3d 842, 847 (6th Cir.1994) (absolute quasi-judicial immunity extends to actions “so integral or intertwined with the judicial process that these [actors] are considered an arm of the judicial officer who was immune”). Although absolute immunity does not shield against liability for declaratory relief, Hanas’s request for declaratory relief is denied.
Hanas cites Warner v. Orange County Dep’t of Probation, 115 F.3d 1068, 1073 (2d Cir.1997) for the proposition that the intervening act of a sentencing judge in adopting the recommendation of a probation officer does not necessarily relieve the probation officer of liability. However, Warner is distinguishable: the defendant in Warner did not raise as an affirmative defense its immunity. See Warner, 115 F.3d at 1071 n. 1.
Unlike the defendant in Warner, Amy argues that she is protected by absolute immunity because her recommendation to the Drug Court was the performance of a quasi-judicial function. The court agrees. She was the eyes and ears of the Drug Court, doing the legwork in assessing Ha-nas’s needs and figuring out what could address those needs. Her role was similar to that of a probation officer who, in preparing presentence reports, provides the court with “information facilitating the meaningful exercise of its sentencing discretion” and performs functions closely associated with judges performing judicial functions, that is, presumably, deciding cases. See Dorman v. Higgins, 821 F.2d 133, 137 (2d Cir.1987). Though Hanas was not sentenced to Inner City Christian Outreach, he was still ordered by the Drug Court to be placed at ICCO. Amy’s recommendation was critical for Judge Ransom’s exercise of his discretion.
Furthermore, if one argues that Amy’s failure to adequately investigate the program led to the reasonably foreseeable result that the sentencing judge would adopt her recommendation, which in turn led to the constitutional violations at ICCO, then her recommendation must have been closely intertwined with the judicial process. By proving causation under tort principles, plaintiff would have also made the argument for Amy’s absolute immunity from damages.
However, Amy does not have absolute or qualified immunity from declaratory relief. See Collyer v. Darling, 98 F.3d 211, 222 (6th Cir.1996) (absolute); Flagner v. Wilkinson, 241 F.3d 475, 483 (6th Cir. 2001) (qualified). The court assumes, without making such a finding, that there is no genuine issue of material fact as to whether Amy’s conduct was adequately linked by tort principles of causation to the injuries that Hanas suffered, notwithstanding the actions of Judge Ransom and ICCO as possible superseding causes. But even with that assumption, the facts do not support the conclusion that her failure to adequately investigate ICCO before making her recommendation rose beyond gross negligence. See Lewellen v. Metropolitan Gov’t of Nashville & Davidson Cty., 34 F.3d 345, 348, 351 (6th Cir. 1994) (neither negligent nor grossly negligent deprivations of rights are actionable under § 1983). Hanas has not presented any facts that suggest that Amy deliberately failed to investigate ICCO with an intent to make an improperly founded recommendation to Judge Ransom.
Amy argues that Hanas’s complaint on its face fails to state a § 1983 claim, because only intentional deprivations of rights are cognizable. Amy Reply at 7. However, the complaint does not expressly circumscribe its claims as only alleging negligent or grossly negligent deprivations of rights. But with regard to Amy’s liability for her pre-placement actions, Hanas’s request for declaratory relief is denied and summary judgment is entered in Amy’s favor.
B. Post-placement
Hanas argues that Amy’s complicity in the constitutional violations after he was placed at ICCO is a basis for her liability. In particular, Hanas points to Amy’s failure to prevent the constitutional violations that she knew were going on, as well as Amy’s reinforcement of ICCO’s violations when she told Rottiers that he had the backing of the Court.
Part of Amy’s role after Hanas’s placement was similar to a probation officer ensuring that a probationer was complying with the terms of probation. As such, she contends that she is entitled to absolute quasi-judicial immunity. See Loggins v. Franklin County, Ohio, 218 Fed.Appx. 466, 476 (6th Cir.1990). While Judge Ransom was out of town, Amy argues, she merely reiterated what the Judge had said in Court: that Hanas had to follow the rules of the program.
The court disagrees. Amy is not entitled to absolute quasi-judicial immunity for her acts after Hanas was placed at Inner City Christian Outreach.
1. Amy does not receive absolute immunity
The unpublished Sixth Circuit and Eastern District of Michigan cases cited by Amy are not binding on this court, and the court chooses not to follow their logic. Amy Reply at 2-3. Instead, the court is persuaded by the Fifth Circuit’s reasoning in Galvan v. Garmon, 710 F.2d 214 (1983). There, the Fifth Circuit declined to extend absolute immunity to a probation officer’s actions that were removed from the presentence report process. In Galvan, the plaintiff had been sentenced to probation. Someone else with the same name as the plaintiff had been jailed for driving while intoxicated. The defendant probation officer saw plaintiffs name on the jail roster and prepared a motion to revoke his probation, which resulted in plaintiffs temporary incarceration. Galvan cited two reasons for its ruling: the probation officer acted at her own initiative, and she acted at a phase of the criminal process less intimately associated with the judiciary. Galvan, 710 F.2d at 215. Though the Fifth Circuit viewed the Galvan probation officer’s actions as taken at her own initiative, she was simply attempting to enforce compliance with the terms of probation that the sentencing judge had imposed. Nevertheless, the Fifth Circuit did not afford her absolute immunity.
Similarly, Stanette Amy was trying to enforce compliance with Judge Ransom’s order that Hanas complete the program at Inner City Christian Outreach to avoid going to jail. But that is not enough under Galvan to receive absolute immunity. As for acting at her own initiative, just as the sentencing judge in Galvan did not tell the probation officer to select the incorrect person for probation revocation, there is no evidence that Judge Ransom directed Amy to reinforce Rottiers’s conduct notwithstanding the constitutional violations that Rottiers might sponsor. Nor is there evidence that Judge Ransom told Amy to ignore any constitutional violations that might occur.
As for Galvan’s second factor, although Drug Court judges in general are actively involved while a criminal defendant’s progress in rehabilitation is being assessed, Judge Ransom was out of town and uninvolved when Amy incurred liability (as discussed below) for her acts and omissions after Hanas was placed at ICCO.
2. A caseworker in Amy’s position could receive absolute immunity in certain circumstances
The court does not decline to give Amy absolute immunity simply because her actions took place after her initial recommendation, or simply because her actions physically took place outside of a courtroom, as the parties may have suggested at the motions hearing. Those factors do not weigh heavily in a functional assessment of whether her conduct is closely connected enough to a judge’s judicial action. The Drug Court envisions ongoing monitoring of criminal defendants, requiring caseworkers like Amy to make recommendations as to a defendant’s progress in a particular rehabilitation program on an ongoing basis. Accordingly, the court’s ruling does not necessarily mean that a caseworker like Amy would not be entitled to absolute immunity from a suit, for instance, by a disgruntled Drug Court participant who didn’t like the substance of the caseworker’s ongoing assessments of the participant’s rehabilitation, assessments which would be reported to the Drug Court.
Hanas, however, does not challenge Amy for improperly assessing his progress in a rehabilitation program. Absolute immunity would probably apply against such a claim, because a caseworker, or a probation officer, has to be able to make recommendations to a judge without fear of litigation brought by a criminal defendant. Rather, Hanas challenges Amy’s failure to take appropriate action in response to the obvious constitutional violations he was suffering.
3. Qualified immunity
Given that Amy has not met her burden to show that absolute immunity analysis should govern, the court applies the qualified immunity analysis.
a.Amy did not directly commit certain constitutional torts
The court has already determined that Hanas has not shown that anyone violated his equal protection rights. Hanas’s complaint alleges that all of the defendants committed constitutional torts contravening Hanas’s free exercise and Establishment Clause rights. The court fails to see how Amy was a direct tortfeasor of any of these wrongs.
b. Amy did not violate, or is entitled to qualified immunity as to right to counsel
As for Hanas’s right to counsel, Amy gave short shrift to or appeared to verbally rebuff the attempts by Hanas’s mother and aunt to retain counsel. For instance, when Hanas’s mother raised the idea of hiring a lawyer, Amy dismissively said “that was fine, if [Hanas’s mother] wanted to waste [her] money.” Chris Hanas Aff. at 6, ¶ 19, Hanas Resp., Ex. B. Since Amy’s words carried the authority of the state, her verbal acts, though they might be innocuously brushed off in ordinary life, could have violated the Constitution. Although a criminal defendant awaiting sentencing certainly has a right to counsel, Hanas has not shown that his broad right to counsel includes the particular right to be free from a state officer’s dismissive attitude and offhand remarks in response to his attempts to retain counsel, or that this particular right was clearly established. Hanas even agrees that “ultimately Amy did not dissuade Hanas from retaining counsel.” Hanas Mot. at 17. Therefore, Hanas’s motion is denied and Amy’s motion for summary judgment is accordingly granted.
c. Amy’s act and omission caused violations of Hanas’s constitutional rights
i. Section 1985 was not violated
Although Amy may not have directly committed any of the torts at Inner City Christian Outreach, she did reinforce Rot-tiers’s conduct by assuring him that he had the backing of the Drug Court. Ha-nas submits that this reinforcement creates liability for a conspiracy under 42 U.S.C. § 1985. However, showing that there was a conspiracy to violate constitutional rights does not state a claim of conspiracy under § 1985(3), for the reasons already discussed. See supra, pt. IV.G. Hanas’s motion is denied, and Amy’s motion for summary judgment is correspondingly granted.
ii. Section 1986 was not violated
Accordingly, Hanas’s § 1986 claim against Amy is dismissed, because § 1986 imposes liability on those who have knowledge of the wrongs prohibited by § 1985 yet fail to prevent them. Without a violation of § 1985, Hanas cannot show a violation of § 1986. See Browder v. Tipton, 630 F.2d 1149, 1155 (6th Cir.1980). Ha-nas’s motion is denied, and Amy’s motion for summary judgment is correspondingly granted.
Hi. Tort causation
Even if §§ 1985 and 1986 do not support Hanas, Amy is liable under tort principles of causation for the ongoing harms committed at Inner City Christian Outreach from the time she reasonably had notice of the violations until she reported the violations to the court. Amy’s (1) act and (2) omission in the face of Rottiers’s conduct caused the constitutional deprivations that Hanas suffered during the relevant time period, which ran at least until Judge Ransom had sufficient notice of the violations. Amy is therefore liable for at least some of the harm that Hanas suffered. However, it is a genuine issue of material fact as to when Judge Ransom had sufficient notice of the violations. Furthermore, it is a genuine issue of material fact as to how Amy’s act and omission may have caused Hanas’s harms even after Judge Ransom was on notice of the violations. The court needs to receive evidence about how Judge Ransom would have relied on a considered investigation and report that Amy should have made, because Amy’s report of constitutional violations may have carried different weight with Judge Ransom than reports from Hanas, his relatives, and his counsel. In other words, though Judge Ransom may have reasonably had notice of the constitutional violations from Hanas’s filings, for instance, the factual question remains as to how Amy’s conduct was causally linked to harms that Hanas suffered even after Judge Ransom knew what was happening at Inner City Christian Outreach. Given these outstanding factual issues, summary judgment is inappropriate. Correspondingly, Hanas’s motion is granted in part and denied in part, and Amy’s motions is denied.
The act that Amy committed was her reinforcement of Rottiers.
Her omission was her failure to investigate and report the constitutional violations to a judge while Judge Ransom was gone. When she discovered what was happening at ICCO, she could have brought the matter to the attention of a judge available to hear emergency matters in Genesee County Circuit Court, as Judge Ransom was out of town. Certainly, if a Drug Court defendant had been suffering extreme deprivations at a recent placement, such as a placement’s failure to provide access to necessary emergency medical care or bodily harm, a caseworker would not have waited for the usual judge to return before doing what was in her power to put an end to the harm. What Hanas suffered was not so extreme, of course. But the constitutional violations were serious.
It is true that the record suggests that Judge Ransom had some notice before he left town that something was up at Inner City Christian Outreach, as Hanas’s mother and aunt approached him in Drug Court on January 30, 2003. Amy argues that Judge Ransom’s awareness of complaints about Inner City Christian Outreach relieves her of liability for any purported failure to act. Amy Reply at 4. However, Amy does not assert that she knew that Judge Ransom’s level of awareness as to the gravity and breadth of constitutional violations was adequate as of January 30, 2003, or that she had made a report of the violations to Judge Ransom herself as of January 30. Considering (1) that Judge Ransom left the letter on his bench the day before he was leaving for two weeks; (2) that the encounter between Hanas’s mother and aunt and Judge Ransom does not appear to have been scheduled on the court calendar; (3) that Judge Ransom’s affidavits do not show that on January 30, 2003 he was either moved by or dismissive of the stories of constitutional violations; and (4) that complaints from a criminal defendant’s family could not reasonably carry the same weight as the considered investigation of a case manager, the court believes Amy’s liability for her failure to report the ongoing violations to a judge is a factual question that cannot be decided on the instant motions.
At the hearing on the cross-motions for summary judgment, counsel for Amy argued that Amy’s failure to “do something more quickly enough to respond to what was going on at ICCO” amounts at most to gross negligence. Although Amy’s counsel later stated that Amy’s failure to act would be insufficient for the court to decide that Amy lost qualified immunity, the court believes, and Amy’s filings confirm, Amy Reply at 7, that the quantum of Amy’s intent with regard to her failure to act concerns whether Amy’s omission is even cognizable under § 1983. In other words, whether Amy was merely negligent or was intentional in her failure to prevent the constitutional violations concerns the cognizability of Amy’s omission under § 1983, not whether Amy loses in the qualified immunity analysis. But the facts narrating what Amy knew was going on at ICCO are so overwhelming that they compel a conclusion that Amy deliberately failed to act according to her opportunity to prevent Hanas’s constitutional deprivations. The court’s conclusion does not entail a conclusion that Amy’s failure to act showed a malicious intent to violate the Constitution. Rather, her failure to act could only have arisen from an intent to refrain from reporting the constitutional violations sooner than she did, and this intent had to have been more than negligence or even gross negligence.
But for Amy’s act and omission, Hanas probably would not have continued to suffer, at a minimum, during the time period that began when Amy reasonably had notice of the violations and that ended when Judge Ransom had sufficient notice. Depending on how a report of constitutional violations by Amy would have been relied upon by Judge Ransom, then Amy’s act and omission could also be a cause-in-fact of Hanas’s harms even after Judge Ransom was on notice from other sources. Moreover, her act and omission were a proximate cause of Hanas’s ongoing deprivations, because it was foreseeable that Rottiers would continue to deprive Hanas of his rights knowing he had the backing of the Drug Court and knowing that he would not be stopped by a judge of the Genesee County Circuit Court. It does not matter that Rottiers and ICCO also caused the harms suffered by Hanas, because both Rottiers and Amy’s tortious acts were “substantial factors in bringing about the harm.” See Restatement (Second) of Torts § 439 (1965) (contributing act of third party that is substantial factor in bringing about harm does not protect actor from liability if the effects of the actor’s conduct “actively and continuously operate to bring about harm”).
A word on immunity. The court has already explained why absolute quasi-judicial immunity does not protect Amy’s actions after Hanas’s placement at Inner City Christian Outreach. Nevertheless, the court emphasizes that establishing the causal chain between Amy’s failure to report the violations and a judge’s decision to keep Hanas at ICCO does not prove that Amy is entitled to absolute immunity. Unlike the pre-placement recommendation that Amy made, see supra, pt. IV.A, Amy’s reinforcement of Rottiers and her failure to report the abuses to a judge were distinct from assessments she may or could have made about Hanas’s progress in rehabilitating himself. That kind of assessment would be protected by absolute immunity. Amy’s actions with regard to the constitutional abuses are not protected, even if the causal chain between her actions and Hanas’s harms necessarily involves the decision of a judge on whether to keep Hanas at ICCO.
Although plaintiff must demonstrate causation to show that the Constitution was violated, the court is satisfied that if Hanas is successful in doing so, then Amy will not be protected by qualified immunity, because Hanas’s constitutional rights were clearly established. Hanas’s right under the Establishment Clause to be free from state coercion was clearly established since 2001. See Inouye v. Kemna, 504 F.3d 705, 714 (9th Cir.2007) (as amended) (state cannot compel parolee to attend religion-based rehabilitation program, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, under threat of incarceration). So was Hanas’s right to free exercise clearly established. See supra, part IV.C; Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. 517, 547 n. 13, 104 S.Ct. 3194, 82 L.Ed.2d 393 (1984) (Stevens J., cone, in part and diss. in part) (“A prisoner’s possession of ... personal property relating to religious observance, such as a Bible or a crucifix, is surely protected by the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment.”). Finally, Hanas’s right to counsel was also clearly established, as he was a criminal defendant awaiting sentencing. See Mempa v. Rhay, 389 U.S. 128, 134, 88 S.Ct. 254, 19 L.Ed.2d 336 (1967) (“appointment of counsel for an indigent is required at every stage of a criminal proceeding where substantial rights of a criminal accused may be affected”); see also Inouye, 504 F.3d at 715 (law may be clearly established even if there is no case directly on point, if in the light of pre-existing law, the unlawfulness is apparent).
VI. Reginald Coleman
Coleman has only offered pro forma concurrences to Stanette Amy’s filings. He lifts language from Amy’s affidavit, and his affidavits do not properly respond to Hanas’s allegations against him.
A. State action
Reginald Coleman introduced Inner City Christian Outreach to the Drug Court. At the center of the nexus between ICCO and the Drug Court, he was a state actor. As a paid Drug Court consultant who participated in the Drug Court team meetings, Coleman was a state officer, and the court must proceed through the absolute and qualified immunity analysis.
B. Immunity
To the extent that Hanas attacks Coleman’s activities prior to Hanas’s placement at Inner City Christian Outreach, Hanas’s motion for summary judgment is denied due to Coleman’s absolute immunity for any advice he gave or could have given to Judge Ransom. For the same reasons that Amy is entitled to absolute immunity, Coleman is absolutely immune as to his conduct before Hanas’s placement.
Correspondingly, Coleman only receives qualified immunity for his acts and omissions after Hanas’s placement.
C. Direct constitutional torts
1. Equal protection
As stated earlier, Hanas has not shown that he suffered violations of his right to equal protection under the law. Hanas’s motion for summary judgment is therefore denied as to any equal protection violations directly committed by Coleman. Summary judgment is entered in Coleman’s favor as to the equal protection claim.
2. Free exercise
Though Hanas’s complaint alleges that all the defendants violated his free exercise rights, Hanas has not shown how Coleman directly violated any of Hanas’s free exercise rights. Nor has plaintiff pointed to any fact which would support a finding that Coleman knew that Hanas’s free exercise rights in particular were violated. Hanas’s motion is denied, and Coleman’s is granted.
3. Right to counsel
Hanas states in his affidavit that Coleman, along with Rotters, told Hanas that if he did not tell his mother to stop “having the lawyer interfere,” then Hanas would be thrown out of ICCO and would be sent to prison. Hanas Decl. at 5, ¶ 16., Hanas Resp., Attach. A. There is no genuine issue of material fact as to Hanas’s factual assertion. Summary judgment is therefore entered against Coleman for directly violating Hanas’s clearly established right to counsel.
A Establishment Clause
Hanas argues that Coleman taught in the program at Inner City Christian Outreach, participating in the indoctrination. Rottiers Dep. at 106, Hanas Mot., Ex. C. There is no genuine issue of material fact as to Coleman’s participation in the indoctrination. Summary judgment is therefore entered against him for violating Hanas’s clearly established rights under the Establishment Clause.
D. Conspiracy to commit constitutional violations
Like Amy, Coleman is not liable for conspiracy under § 1985(3). Because he joined Amy’s motion, summary judgment is correspondingly entered in Coleman’s favor.
VII. Damages
The parties completed additional briefing on the issue of Eleventh Amendment immunity from damages. The Eleventh Amendment does not shield Stanette Amy and Reginald Coleman from damages liability. Hanas sued them in their personal capacities, and they could therefore raise the defenses of absolute and qualified immunity. However, the Eleventh Amendment only protects a state official from liability when sued in his or her official capacity. Alkire v. Irving, 330 F.3d 802, 811 (6th Cir.2003); Hafer v. Melo, 502 U.S. 21, 30-31, 112 S.Ct. 358, 116 L.Ed.2d 301 (1991) (“[T]he Eleventh Amendment does not erect a barrier against suits to impose ‘individual and personal liability’ [for damages] on state officials under § 1983.”). Therefore, a civil rights defendant may be a state official under qualified immunity analysis without receiving the protection of the Eleventh Amendment.
VIII. Next steps
Hanas still has an extant equal protection claim and a § 1985(3) conspiracy to violate equal protection claim against Rot-tiers and Inner City Christian Outreach.
Three factual issues remain to define the scope of Amy’s liability for the harms Ha-nas suffered. The first issue concerns when Amy was reasonably on notice of the constitutional violations. The second issue deals with when Judge Ransom had sufficient notice of the constitutional violations. Amy is liable, at the least, between these two junctures. The third issue is how Judge Ransom would have relied upon an investigation and report of constitutional violations that Amy should have made. If, after receiving notice of abuses at Inner City Christian Outreach, Judge Ransom kept Hanas at ICCO because he did not receive a report of violations from Amy, then Amy could be liable for Hanas’s harms that were prolonged by Judge Ransom’s decision to keep Hanas at Inner City Christian Outreach.
The court will set a status conference.
. At a March 13, 2003 hearing before Gene-see County Circuit Judge Ransom, Hanas’s counsel explained that these admissions into the Salvation Army programs were voluntary, not court-ordered, as Hanas was released into the care of his family while sentencing was delayed. Tr. of Mar. 13, 2003 Hrg. at 8, Amy Mot., Ex. 10.
| CASELAW |
What does pharmacogenetic testing tell you?
Pharmacogenetics allows patients and their providers to predict whether a medication may work well or whether it would be worth pursuing a different medicine. If you are about to begin therapy that requires medication, then knowing your personal pharmacogenetics helps reduce the number of medication choices. This knowledge can help reduce cost, time, and potential side effects; and at the same time increase the likelihood of treatment success.
Many patients may have tried multiple medications with little benefit or intolerable side effects. Pharmacogenetic testing can help find a medication that works better for you, stopping the cycle of trial and error.
Multiple medications may not work well in certain individuals. FDA prescribing information contains recommendations for dose adjustments or alternative medications for many medicines.
Examples
• Amphetamine and aripiprazole – CYP2D6 poor metabolizers may have higher concentrations with increased adverse effects. The FDA recommends starting at a lower dose or using an alternative.
• Codeine – CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers may have much higher systemic concentrations of the active metabolite leading to increased adverse reaction risk and the potential of life-threatening respiratory depression or death, especially in children.
• Phenytoin – CYP2C9 intermediate or poor metabolizers may have higher concentrations with increased adverse reaction risk. Dosage adjustment or alternative therapy may be required for seizure control.
Knowing your pharmacogenetics profile ahead of time can greatly improve outcomes.
How is pharmacogenetic testing helpful to me?
With pharmacogenetic testing, you can better understand why some medications are preferable while others may be worth avoiding. Sharing your results with your physician will help them know which medicines have the greater potential to help in the future. If you experience a need for a medicine in the future, pharmacogenetic testing can help your physician choose a more appropriate line of therapy with less trial and error, fewer side effects, and improved outcomes.
• Pharmacogenetic testing can help you and your physician improve symptom control. Testing can help eliminate the need for multiple attempts or dose adjustments by starting with a medicine that will be more likely to be effective.
• Pharmacogenetic testing reduces the potential of severe adverse effects. All medications may lead to side effects. Side effects can be reduced by choosing medications that are more suitable based on your pharmacogenetic profile.
• Pharmacogenetic testing saves money. When you are treated with the best medication, the first time, with the right dosage; you will have fewer doctor’s appointments, fewer medical bills, fewer hospitalizations, and fewer prescriptions to fill.
Treating with the most appropriate medication based on the patient’s pharmacogenetic profile can reduce medication errors and hospitalizations while improving treatment outcomes. Pharmacogenetic testing improves overall healthcare.
Ready to finally find the right medication?
Compare Tests trusted-by
How do I interpret pharmacogenetic test results?
When looking at a pharmacogenetics test report you will notice there are red, yellow, and green medications.
• Red medications – Avoid if able, may cause more side effects and be less effective.
• Yellow medications – Use with caution, may have increased side effects or decreased benefit, dose adjustments are common. An alternative may be preferred.
• Green medications – These medications are not impacted by the genes assessed. Use normal precautions but do not assume they are ‘safe.’
When looking at the pharmacogenetics results the genes evaluated are categorized into how they affect metabolism.
• Ultrarapid metabolizer – Highly increased activity
• Rapid metabolizer – Increased activity
• Normal metabolizer – Fully functional activity
• Intermediate metabolizer – decreased activity
• Poor metabolizer – Little or no activity
The type of metabolizer indicates how a gene product functions, not whether the medicine connected to it will work. The gene product then will affect the medication. Medicines are changed by your body through various processes. Sometimes this change activates the medication, and other times it inactivates the medication.
Examples
• Clopidogrel, or Plavix, requires activation by the body. If CYP2C19, a gene, is found to be an intermediate or poor metabolizer, then clopidogrel is not recommended because it will be ineffective.
• Meclizine, also known as Antivert, may need dosage adjustments in patients based on their CYP2D6 activity. One patient may find a small dose is effective, and another may find that they need a larger dose for any effect.
What makes pharmacogenetics testing so clinically relevant?
Pharmacogenetics, the science of how our bodies process medications, is continuing to grow. The more we learn, the more we realize that multiple medications are processed differently in different individuals. Knowing ahead of time how our body will react to a medication can help prescribers choose medicines based on the individual.
All new drugs in development are required to run pharmacogenetic testing. Part of this requirement is to distinguish if efficacy and/or side effects is a factor of the individual’s pharmacogenetics. This testing helps determine any issues that may arise besides regular population profiling based on ethnicity, gender, or age. Pharmacogenetic testing specifically focuses on aiding in the selection of therapeutics.
Pharmacogenetic information on multiple medications is already known and available. Including this knowledge when prescribing therapies can greatly improve patient outcomes. Hippocrates’ Oath states, “I will offer those who suffer all my attention, my science, and my love.” This science, then, should be applied as often as possible. Pharmacogenetic testing is now available in an affordable, easy-to-do, and easy-to-comprehend test.
Why is pharmacogenetics important?
Personalized medicine customizes treatment based on the individual. Treatment is based on each person’s uniqueness including ethnicity, gender, genes, environment, diet, lifestyle, and more. Looking at an individual’s pharmacogenetic profile is a part of personalized medicine.
Pharmacogenetics improves outcomes by predicting the drug response when incorporated into the medical decision-making process. Patients experience better symptom control, reduced side effects, greater adherence, and reduced time to optimal therapy.
Cost is a major factor for patients. Medication prices are rising, insurance prices are rising, and the economy is not keeping up. Patients are starting to have to decide whether to take their medication or pay their bills or eat.
Pharmacogenetics testing is an investment that ultimately reduces costs. Insurance costs are reduced because of the reduction of medication errors, reduction of hospitalizations, and improved patient outcomes. Patient costs are reduced because of the reduction of trial and error, reduced need for multiple medicines, multiple doctor visits, and multiple tests. Reduced costs are also due to the increased adherence to medications since there are reduced side effects. Patients and companies also save money by reducing the number of days missed from work.
Pharmacogenetic testing can improve trust between patients and providers. When a patient understands their provider is truly picking the best medication, the patient will be more likely to adhere to the medication and to listen to the advice of the prescriber. This then again leads to better patient outcomes as well as improved patient/provider relationships.
ClarityX offers pharmacogenetic testing. The ClarityX test provides information on more than 265 FDA-approved medications, an analysis of your current regimen and more.
https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/precision-medicine/table-pharmacogenetic-associations
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5253119/
https://www.pharmgkb.org/chemical/PA450338/labelAnnotation
https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/pharmacogenetic-tests-and-genetic-tests-heritable-markers
https://www.bu.edu/arion/files/2010/03/Arenas_05Feb2010_Layout-3.pdf
https://www.personalizedmedicinecoalition.org/Userfiles/PMC-Corporate/file/pmc_age_of_pmc_factsheet.pdf | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hot Pixel Posts
How To: Unlock the Bootloader on Your Pixel 3a
The first thing you'll always have to do before getting your customization game on with most phones is to unlock the bootloader. Doing so opens the true potential of the device, allowing you to root, install TWRP, Magisk, custom ROMs, and other mods. No matter your wants or needs, there's no way around it — the bootloader must be unlocked to modify the system.
How To: Unlock the Bootloader on Your Pixel 4
The Pixel 4 is one of the most talked-about phones of 2019, and it has many things going for it, especially in the world of rooting and modding. Just as with previous Pixel generations, unlocking the bootloader is the gateway to realizing your device's true potential. It can make way for such things as TWRP, Magisk, custom ROMs, and many other device-specific mods just the same.
How To: Remove the Calendar & Weather Widget from Your Pixel's Home Screen
Google's "At A Glance" widget gives you the current weather conditions and upcoming events from your Google Calendar in a handy spot right at the top of your home screen. But on Pixel phones, this widget is permanently embedded into the launcher, so you can't just long-press it to remove it.
How To: Our No-BS Pixel 4a Root Guide for Android 11 — Straight to the Point for Experienced Users
I think it was about Day 3 of working on our massive, all-encompassing Pixel 4a root guide for beginners when I realized something: Not everyone needs their hands held through each tiny step. If you just need a quick refresher, some links, and maybe a fastboot command to copy, this Pixel 4a root guide is for you.
How To: Quickly Find Your Google Pixel Buds if They Get Lost or Stolen
One thing about the small round little Pixel Buds — they might get lost easily if you have a terrible habit of misplacing stuff. Or worse, imagine someone taking a liking to them a little too much and stealing them when you aren't looking. Google thought ahead about these issues, so just like your smartphone, you can track your wireless earbuds from anywhere with ease.
How To: Unlock the Bootloader on Your Pixel 3 or 3 XL — a Beginner's Guide
The main draw for Google's Pixel series is the software. It rocks a clean version of stock Android instead of a heavy OEM skin like TouchWiz, it gets frequent prompt OS updates, the camera software is downright amazing, and it has perhaps the most fluid UI of any phone. But an understated advantage of the software is how dead-simple it is to modify with root-level tweaks.
How To: Root Your Pixel 4 with Magisk — The Easy Way
The Pixel 4 is one of the most talked-about phones of 2019, so you know there will be lots of third-party developer support. Mods are already popping up, so you'll want to get Magisk installed as soon as possible to get root access. The current method used to gain root is the quickest way yet, thanks to the recent TWRP custom recovery support for the Pixel 4.
How To: Root Your Pixel 3a with Magisk
The Pixel 3a came out of nowhere and flexed its muscles to show the industry that you can have a great phone without a hefty price tag. Since Pixel smartphones are first-party devices straight from Google, you can be sure you'll have root access one way or another. For right now the method used to get your Pixel 3a rooted will take a few steps, but they go by real quick.
How To: Root Your Pixel 3 on Android 10
When new Android versions come out, the modding community has to find new ways to root the OS. It's a fun cat and mouse game to follow, but it also means the process of rooting isn't exactly the same as it was the last time you did it. Android 10 changes how root works on a system level for some devices, but luckily, the developers are already on top of things.
How To: Turn Your Pixel 5's Camera Cutout into a Notification LED
The Pixel 5's beautifully slim and symmetric bezels don't leave much room for extra hardware like a notification LED. But with the Ambient Display feature and an inventive app, you can turn the display cutout for the front-facing camera into an animated notification indicator.
How To: Disable Google Doodle Animations in the Pixel's Search Bar
I want my Android device to run how I want, and I want it to be useful and positively contribute to my life. Recently, animations have started appearing on the Pixel's search bar when Google has a seasonal Doodle on their front page. It attracts my attention and distracts me from what I think is important. After several days of annoyance, I went on the hunt to turn these animations off.
How To: Open Snapchat Directly to Camera, Stories, Chat, and More from Anywhere on Your Pixel — Even the Lock Screen
In Android 12, you can launch the Snapchat app just by tapping the back of your Pixel phone twice. The latest Pixel update from Google improved upon the feature by giving us access to the shortcut from the lock screen. That means you're mere seconds away from snapping photos, videos, and stories. But first, you have to set up and configure where you want to land when Snapchat opens.
How To: Shrink the Pixel 5's Giant Status Bar Down to a Normal Size
The Pixel 5 is the first mainstream phone with perfectly symmetrical slim bezels. Most other "bezel-less" phones have had a disproportionately large bottom bezel, and while the iPhone's side and bottom bezels are symmetrical, there's a huge notch across most of its top bezel. The downside to the Pixel's approach is it has a pretty big display cutout for the front camera.
How To: Install Dirty Unicorns on Your Pixel & Get Custom ROM Features Without Losing Motion Sense & Active Edge
If you've ever been into custom ROMs, you likely know the Dirty Unicorns name pretty well. It's been synonymous with unique features and awesome tweaks when compared to stock. Recently, Dirty Unicorns has returned again in a big way with some neat features for Android 10.
Prev Page | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
File:ACY lemlogo.png
History of Image:ACY lemlogo.gif
* 2007-09-18T00:01:19Z NE2 (Talk | contribs) (305 bytes)
* 2007-09-18T00:00:57Z NE2 (Talk | contribs) (290 bytes) ( Added a rationale. )
* 2007-04-23T23:47:49Z Cydebot (Talk | contribs) (103 bytes) ( Robot - Renaming non-free template "logo" per Non-free content/templates. )
* 2006-04-23T02:32:48Z Hillrhpc (Talk | contribs)
* 2006-04-23T00:43:04Z Hillrhpc (Talk | contribs) ( Modified tag to indicate logo subcategory )
* 2006-04-01T17:33:55Z Rhallanger (Talk | contribs) ( Source: http://www.acyhs.org/index.html ) | WIKI |
Concert for the Americas
The Concert for the Americas was a music festival held on August 20, 1982, in the Dominican Republic at the Altos de Chavón Amphitheater, a 5,000-seat, open-air Greek-style venue located approximately two hours east of Santo Domingo. It was the amphitheater's inaugural event, with performers including Frank Sinatra with Buddy Rich, Heart, and Santana. Santana's set was cut short due to inclement weather.
Recordings
Charles Bluhdorn, whose Gulf+Western owned both the Altos de Chavón and Paramount Pictures, had Paramount record the concert so it could be rebroadcast worldwide. The concert was played on Showtime and featured a Grucci Fireworks grand finale. The video recordings of the Frank Sinatra and Buddy Rich set and Heart's performance were later released commercially. The Sinatra set was broadcast twice on A&E, with a different extended number by Buddy Rich and his orchestra in each showing, his "West Side Story" piece and an unannounced one. Only the former is included in the CD and video released under Sinatra's name. (Personal video tape copies of the two broadcasts.)
Frank Sinatra / Buddy Rich
* Introduction
* "I've Got the World on a String"
* "I Get a Kick Out of You"
* "Come Rain or Come Shine"
* "When Your Lover Has Gone"
* "The Lady is a Tramp"
* Sinatra speaks about America
* "The House I Live In"
* Buddy Rich - Prologue / "Jet Song" (from West Side Story)
* "Searching"
* "My Kind of Town"
* "Something"
* "The Best is Yet to Come"
* "Strangers in the Night"
* "All or Nothing at All"
* Band introductions
* "The Gal That Got Away" / "It Never Entered My Mind"
* "I've Got You Under My Skin"
* "Send in The Clowns" (featuring Tony Mottola on guitar)
* "Quiet Night of Quiet Stars" (featuring Tony Mottola on guitar)
* "I Won't Dance"
* "Theme from New York, New York" (with New York, New York (On the Town) as the verse)
Personnel
* Frank Sinatra - Vocals
* Vincent Falcone Jr. - Conductor, Piano
* Gene Cherico - Bass
* Tony Mottola - Guitar
* Irv Cottler - Drums
* Featuring Buddy Rich and His Orchestra
Heart
* "Crazy On You"
* "Raised On You"
* "This Man of Mine"
* "Straight On"
* "Magic Man"
* "Tell It Like It Is"
* "Dog & Butterfly"
* "The Situation"
* "Even It Up"
* "Barracuda"
* "Rock & Roll"
Santana
* "All I Ever Wanted"
* "Primera Invasion" / "Searchin'"
* "Black Magic Woman" / "Gypsy Queen"
Other "Concerts for the Americas"
* On October 20, 2001, the Concert for New York City took place at Madison Square Garden in Manhattan. This performance was occasionally referred to as the "Concert for the Americas".
* February 22, 2002 — Hoffman Auditorium, The Carol Autorino Center at St. Joseph College in West Hartford, Connecticut. Performers included Lorena Garay.
* October 4, 2005 — Minsky Recital Hall at the University of Maine. Performers included Augusto Bertado Cocotl playing violin, accompanied by Ginger Yang Hwalek on piano. | WIKI |
Robert Guinan
Robert Guinan (March 14, 1934 – April 3, 2016) was an American painter based in Chicago. The subject matter of his work includes but has not been limited to street performers, musicians, barflies, historical scenes, landscapes and building structures. Lauded in Europe but widely unknown in his native Chicago, Guinan's work reflects a documentary quality that has been compared to "that of the Parisian demi-mondes as chronicled and interpreted by Toulouse-Lautrec."
Collections
Public collections include Fonds National d’Art Contemporain, Paris; Musée des Beaux-Arts, Lyon; Musée de Grenoble; Musée du dessin et de l’estampe originale, Gravelines; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Sintra Museu de Arte Moderna, Collection Berardo, Sintra, Portugal.
Exhibitions
Guinan's work has been featured in exhibitions as follows:
Group Exhibitions
Films
Robert Guinan's life and work has been the subject of two films, including the 1995 documentary Division Street U.S.A.: Following Robert Guinan (Frédéric Compain, 52 min, Coproduction Dune, Leapfrog Production, Arte - G.E.I.E.) and the 2006 documentary Robert Guinan, un peintre en marge du rêve américain (Albert Loeb and Nicole Sérès, 48 min, Les Films Lazare)
Life and career
Guinan was born in 1934 in Watertown, New York. Boyhood fascination with the work of magazine illustrator Herbert Morton Stoops led to an interest in drawing and painting. Because formal art instruction was not offered at Immaculate Heart Academy (IHA), Guinan's mother Dorothy arranged night classes for her son with Mary Morley, an art teacher at Watertown High School.
Guinan's first exhibition occurred when he was just 15 at the Watertown library. A critic in the Watertown Daily Times called the show "a most creditable exhibit for an artist of his age and training". It led to annual exhibits of his works through his high school years. Times writer David F. Lane wrote in 1950 that his paintings were "of such character in composition, coloration and brush technique as to definitely forecast a promising future for him in the field of art." He praised the 16-year-old artist's "rare genius for capturing action in tense moments, and in rendering facial expressions which accurately represent the mood and thought of the character."
Guinan graduated from IHA in 1951. Living in a YMCA hotel, his first job was as an assistant in a dental lab, constructing false teeth. He enlisted in the Air Force in 1953, after considering a potential Army draft during the Korean War. He served as a radio operator in North Africa and Turkey while continuing to practice drawing and painting. Emulating the post-impressionists who were his heroes, he took an interest in the peasant life and brothels he encountered in Ankara, embarking upon a life's work of portraying the disenfranchised in his paintings and drawings. It was also during his time in the Air Force that Guinan developed an interest in African-American Blues and Jazz.
In 1959, Guinan moved to Chicago, Illinois, enrolling in the School of the Art Institute. He was immediately enthralled by the nightclub culture of the city, discovering that many of the Black recording artists he loved were living and performing in local nightclubs such as the King's Palace and the Queen's Paradise. He also discovered Maxwell Street, an open-air market which had been a Chicago tradition since the beginning of the century; once dominated by Jewish merchants, it was now popular with African American peddlers and Blues musicians.
In 1972, Robert Guinan was introduced to Parisian art dealer Albert Loeb. Beginning in 1973, Guinan worked regularly with the Albert Loeb Gallery. As of 2010 he is represented locally in Chicago.
Guinan died in Evanston in 2016. One son, Paul, is a comic-book artist and creator of the fictional character Boilerplate. Another son, Sean Guinan (b. 1970), is a film maker and musician known for prize-winning films including "Teplitz; the Tyranny of Paradox" and "Flipping the Whale", and his cabaret-style band, Candy Town. | WIKI |
Sky Gardens Nine Elms
Sky Gardens Nine Elms is a residential and retail tower in Nine Elms, within the borough of Lambeth, London. The scheme has been designed by architects Careyjones Chapmantolcher (CJCT) and developed by Fraser Property Development UK. Its construction was part of a wider regeneration of the Nine Elms area of London. The building is 120 m in height.
Background and design
Fraser Property Development UK proposed plans for Sky Gardens in 2008, designed by Amin Taha Architects and Careyjones Chapmantolcher. These plans included a tower of 120 m) using only glass cladding. However, in 2010, revised plans were proposed, designed solely by Careyjones Chapmantolcher.
In 2010, Lambeth Borough Council granted planning permission for new proposals which consisted of a 36 storey tower, 239 residential apartments as well as 10000 m2 of office space on the first seven floors of the tower. The building would not be clad entirely from glass, and retail space would form part of the scheme, with a low rise element adding affordable housing.
The name given to the development is taken from the 2,500 sq m gardens on its top floor. The gardens include an area for residents to grow a weekly salad box each for nine months of year.
In 2014, Sky Gardens won 'Best Housing Project' at the Sunday Times British Homes Awards.
Construction
Construction began in 2014 after construction company Mace were awarded the contract to build the development. The building topped out in 2016. Construction was completed in April 2017.
Location
Sky Gardens is located on the corner of Wyvil Road and Wandsworth Road. The nearest station is Vauxhall. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 59 Part 2.djvu/595
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS OTHER THAN TREATIES August 10 and Agreement between the United States of America and Guatemala respect- September 16, 1944 ing cooperative education. Effected by exchange of notes signed at [EA. .460] Guatemala August 10 and Sevtember 16, 1944. The American Ambassador to the Guatemalan Minister for Foreign Affairs EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA No. 274 Guatemala, August 10, 1944. EXCELLENCY: I have the honor to refer to Your Excellency's courteous Note of July 15, 1944 (No. 9175) in which Your Excellency was so good as to indicate the desire of the Government of Guatemala to enter into a cooperative educational program to be undertaken jointly between the Government of Guatemala and an Agency of the Government of the United States in the Republic of Guatemala. The Government of the United States of America is prepared to assist the Government of Guatemala with such a program by con- tributing the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) with the understanding that the Republic of Guatemala will contribute Fifty Thousand Quetzales (Q50,000) for the same program. The assistance of the Government of the United States of America will be rendered through its agency, the Inter-American Educational Foun- dation, Incorporated, a corporation of the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, to which it is hoped Your Excellency's Government would extend all the rights and privileges in Guatemala to which the Foundation would be entitled as an agency of the United States Government or which would facilitate its part in the cooperative educational program. It is my understanding that the Government of Guatemala would be disposed to include among those rights and privileges the entry, free of customs duties and other taxes and charges, of the official supplies and equipment for the Inter-American Educational Founda- tion, Incorporated, as well as the personal effects and supplies of the employees of the Foundation who are citizens of the United States receiving compensation from any Government; and that the Founda- tion would be accorded every feasible facility of free communication and transportation within the limits of Guatemala and that it and its employees would be free of internal taxation. 1271
� | WIKI |
Door to the underworld
Newgrange was a hallowed place for centuries after its Neolithic builders abandoned it, and Romans regarded it as a cult centre connected to the underworld, writes Dick Ahlstrom
The Newgrange passage grave was an important centre for its Neolithic builders, but its significance persisted for thousands of years. It was still being used as a cult centre in late Roman times as a place with links to the underworld.
Built 5,000 years ago, Newgrange is best known for its associations with the winter solstice, when the sun reaches its lowest point on the southern horizon. People would have crowded into the far end of the passage grave early this morning to mark the solstice, although this year it will occur at 20 minutes past midnight tomorrow morning.
The monument was in its heyday during the Neolithic and into the Bronze age, but then it seems to have fallen out of regular use until the third to fourth centuries AD, states the National Museum's head of collections, Mr Raghnall Ó Floinn.
"There was no evidence that the tomb was entered after the Bronze Age," he says. Yet there is lots of evidence of a later importance, given the amount of late Roman material deposited there between 350 and 450AD.
"The most likely explanation was that the site was used as a cult site in the third and fourth century AD," explains Ó Floinn. "What we have here is an unusual Irish reflection of a later Roman temple or cult site."
It was common at that time for visitors to Roman temples on the Continent to leave small tokens and written petitions. These were offerings in support of prayers or sometimes curses being requested of the gods, says Ó Floinn. The gold, silver and lead left at these sites also sometimes bore Latin letters.
The Newgrange monument had long fallen into disrepair and its importance was hidden for many centuries. Then in 1699 the farmer who owned the land uncovered the passage grave entrance when taking stones for road building.
This rekindled interest in the site and from then until the mid-19th century many finds of jewellery and precious metals were made, says Ó Floinn.
Most of the finds were made at the base of a pillar described in the 1600s as standing atop the centre of the Newgrange monument. The most important was a gold hoard including two rings, two bracelets and a chain, artifacts now held at the British Museum, he explained.
Other finds were made at the base of the standing stones which ring the monument.
"The standing stones and the pillar stone acted as a focus for the monument," states Ó Floinn.
The finds diminished until the late 1960s when Prof MJ O'Kelly led a detailed archeological study of the monument. His team found 50 to 60 objects including Roman coins, beads, pins, fragments of bracelets, pieces of torc, a bone comb and an Iron Age horse's bit.
"These were presumably offerings made at the site. They were deposited as tokens, they are personal gifts people would have left behind."
Two particularly interesting discoveries by O'Kelly's team were a pair of medals issued by the Emperor Constantine II and designed to be worn around the neck. "They are believed to be gifts given by the emperor to important people, officials or military men," says Ó Floinn.
Another important find was half of a small leaf-shaped bronze plaque marked with an ogham inscription, "If it does date to this period it would be one of the earliest ogham inscriptions not carved on pillar stone and tying in with he fact these inscribed plaques are known from Roman sites," says Ó Floinn.
"The question is were the depositors Irish or Roman." Were they tourists from Rome or elsewhere coming to an important religious site or returning Irish mercenaries who had picked up Roman customs while abroad.
There is ample evidence for a mixing of cultures both at the Newgrange site but also in the general region, says Ó Floinn. "I think it reflects a population that has a certain amount of intermarriage of Irish and British families."
The record of artifacts comes to an abrupt halt by about 450AD, perhaps as a result of the spread of Christianity. St Patrick is said to have arrived here from Britain in 432AD, and also reports being able to speak to some of his own countrymen after arriving.
The passage tomb leading underneath the Newgrange mound may well have encouraged assumptions about the monument providing an entrance to the underworld. "What you might have is an archaeological reflection of that," says Ó Floinn.
But not in doubt is the enduring importance vested in this site from the time of its construction 5,000 years ago. While other Neolithic monuments were later occupied, Newgrange always remained separate. No body actually dared to live in it as they did at Knowth and Dowth," says Ó Floinn. "Newgrange was obviously seen as a place apart." | FINEWEB-EDU |
Sidi Brahim
Sidi Brahim is a small commune of Sidi Bel Abbès Province, Algeria. It gives its name to Sidi Brahim wine and was the location of the Battle of Sidi Brahim in 1845 during the French conquest of Algeria.
During the Roman Empire Sidi Brahim was the site of a town of the province of Mauretania Caesariensis called Bencenna. The remains of Bencenna were tentatively identified with ruins at Sidi Brahim. | WIKI |
Byz (disambiguation)
Byz (born 1984) is a Swedish hip hop musician.
Byz or BYZ may also refer to:
* Abbreviation for Byzantium (now Constantinople, Turkey)
* Abbreviation for Byzantine text-type, a type of manuscript in New Testament textual criticism
* Big Byz, a fictional flying city in the 2011 science fiction novel S.N.U.F.F.
* Banaro language, spoken in Papua New Guinea
* An office of the National Weather Service in Billings, Montana, U.S.; see List of National Weather Service Weather forecast offices
* Commune of Buyenzi, a commune in Burundi
* BYZ, a component of the Fei–Ranis model of economic growth | WIKI |
Лабораторная работа : Проверка больших чисел на простоту
Полнотекстовый поиск по базе:
Проверка больших чисел на простоту
Главная >> Лабораторная работа >> Математика
Министерство образования Республики Беларусь
Учреждение образования
«Брестский государственный технический университет»
Кафедра ИИТ
Лабораторная работа №4
По дисциплине «Криптография»
По теме «Проверка больших чисел на простоту»
Выполнила Студентка III курса
Группы ИИ-5 Олехник Е.В.
Проверил Хацкевич М.В.
Брест 2010
Тема: Проверка больших чисел на простоту. Метод Ферма.
Цель: Изучить методы генерации и проверки на простоту больших чисел.
Ход работы:
Листинг программы:
Program.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace Tania_KMZILab3
{
classProgram
{
staticvoid Main()
{
BigInteger bigInteger;
do
{
SelfDecimatedGenerator generator = newSelfDecimatedGenerator(98); // в конструкторе задаёт длину числав битах
bigInteger = newBigInteger(generator.Generate(), 2); // создаём боооольшое число передаём как первый параметр сроку второй 2-это значит двоичная система
}
while (!Ferma.FermatLittleTest(50, bigInteger));
Console.WriteLine(bigInteger); // вывод на консоль числа
Console.WriteLine(Ferma.FermatLittleTest(50, bigInteger));
Console.ReadKey(); // ожидание нажатия клавиши с консоли
}
}
}
Ferma.cs
using System;
namespace Tania_KMZILab3
{
staticclassFerma
{
staticpublicbool FermatLittleTest(int confidence, BigInteger thisVal)
{
if ((thisVal % 2) == 0)
returnfalse;
int bits = thisVal.bitCount();
BigInteger a = newBigInteger();
Random rand = newRandom();
for(int round = 0; round < confidence; round++)
{
SelfDecimatedGenerator generator = newSelfDecimatedGenerator(40); // в конструкторе задаёт длину числав битах
a = newBigInteger(generator.Generate(), 2);
BigInteger expResult = a.modPow(thisVal - 1, thisVal);
if(expResult != 1)
{
returnfalse;
}
}
returntrue;
}
}
}
SelfDecimatedGenerator.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
namespace Tania_KMZILab3
{
classSelfDecimatedGenerator
{
privateLFSR lfsr;
privateint k = 10;
privateint d = 23;
public SelfDecimatedGenerator(int length
{
lfsr = newLFSR(length);
lfsr.UseRegister();
}
publicstring Generate()
{
if (lfsr.Quantity())
{
for (int i = 0; i < k; i++)
lfsr.UseRegister();
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < d; i++)
lfsr.UseRegister();
}
string bitString = "";
for (int i = 0; i < lfsr.GetBits().Length; i++)
{
if (lfsr.GetBits()[i] == true)
bitString += "1";
else
bitString += "0";
}
return bitString;
}
}
}
LFSR.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
namespace Tania_KMZILab3
{
classLFSR
{
privateBitArray Array;
privatebool outBit;
publicBitArray GetBits()
{
return Array;
}
public LFSR(int lenght)
{
Array = newBitArray(lenght);
Random rnd = newRandom();
for (int i = 0; i < lenght; i++)
{
if ((rnd.Next(0, 1000) % 2) == 0)
{
Array[i] = true;
}
else
{
Array[i] = false;
}
}
}
publicvoid UseRegister()
{
bool feedBack;
feedBack = Array.Get(15) ^ Array.Get(10) ^ Array.Get(15) ^ Array.Get(12);
outBit = Array.Get(Array.Length - 1);
for (int i = 0; i < (Array.Length - 1); i++)
{
Array.Set(Array.Length - i - 1, Array.Get(Array.Length - i - 2));
}
Array.Set(0, feedBack);
}
publicbool Quantity()
{
if (outBit == false)
{
returnfalse;
}
elsereturntrue;
}
}
}
Работа программы:
76852633312072762368612999781
True
62106168008639652108721361597
True
34503197996314167362452631497
True
Вывод: Изучили методы генераций больших простых чисел, а так же способы их проверки на простоту.
Похожие работы: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Brown marmorated stink bug
The brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) is an insect in the family Pentatomidae, native to China, Japan, Korea, and other Asian regions. In September 1998, it was collected in Allentown, Pennsylvania, where it is believed to have been accidentally introduced. The nymphs and adults of the brown marmorated stink bug feed on over 100 species of plants, including many agricultural crops, and by 2010–11 had become a season-long pest in orchards in the Eastern United States. In 2010, in the Mid-Atlantic United States, $37 million in apple crops were lost, and some stone fruit growers lost more than 90% of their crops. Since the 2010s, the bug has spread to countries such as Georgia and Turkey and caused extensive damage to hazelnut production. It is now established in many parts of North America, and has recently become established in Europe and South America.
Description
Adult brown marmorated stink bugs are approximately 1.7 cm long and about as wide, forming the heraldic shield shape characteristic of bugs in the superfamily Pentatomoidea. They are generally a dark brown when viewed from above, with a creamy white-brown underside. Individual coloration may vary, with some bugs being various shades of red, grey, light brown, copper, or black. The term "marmorated" means variegated or veined, like marble, which refers to the markings unique to this species, including alternating light-colored bands on the antennae and alternating dark bands on the thin outer edge of the abdomen. The legs are brown with faint white mottling or banding.
The nymph stages are black or very dark brown, with red integument between the sclerites. First instar nymphs have no white markings, but second through fifth instar nymphs have black antennae with a single white band. The legs of nymphs are black with varying amounts of white banding. Freshly molted individuals of all stages are pale white with red markings. Eggs are normally laid on the underside of leaves in masses of 28 eggs, and are light green when laid, gradually turning white.
Like all stink bugs, the glands that produce the defensive chemicals (the smell) are located on the underside of the thorax, between the first and second pair of legs.
Behavior
The odor from the stink bug is due to trans-2-decenal and trans-2-octenal. The smell has been characterized as a "pungent odor that smells like coriander." The stink bug's ability to emit an odor through holes in its abdomen is a defense mechanism evolved to prevent it from being eaten by birds and lizards. However, simply handling the bug, injuring it, or attempting to move it can trigger it to release the odor.
Reports on human cases are rare, but the stink bug's body fluids are toxic and irritating to the human skin and eyes. One case of keratitis has been reported in Taiwan.
Mating
During courtship, the male emits pheromones and vibrational signals to communicate with a female, which replies with her own vibrational signals, as in all stink bugs. The insects use the signals to recognize and locate each other. Vibrational signals of this species are noted for their low frequency, and one male signal type is much longer than any other previously described signals in stink bugs, although the significance of this is not yet clear.
Diet
The brown marmorated stink bug is a sucking insect (like all Hemiptera or "true bugs") that uses its proboscis to pierce the host plant to feed. This feeding results, in part, in the formation of dimpled or necrotic areas on the outer surface of fruits, leaf stippling, seed loss, and possible transmission of plant pathogens. It is an agricultural pest that can cause widespread damage to fruit and vegetable crops. In Japan, it is a pest to soybean and fruit crops. In the U.S., the brown marmorated stink bug feeds, beginning in late May or early June, on a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and other host plants including peaches, apples, green beans, soybeans, cherries, raspberries, and pears.
In North America
The brown marmorated stink bug was accidentally introduced into the United States from China or Japan. It is believed to have hitched a ride as a stowaway in packing crates or on various types of machinery. The first documented specimen was collected in Allentown, Pennsylvania, in September 1998. Several Muhlenberg College students were reported to have seen these bugs as early as August of that same year. Between 2001 and 2010, 54 sightings were reported of these bugs at shipping ports in the United States. However, stink bugs are not listed as reportable, meaning that they do not need to be reported and no action is required to remove the insect. This allowed the insect to enter the United States relatively easily, as they are able to survive long periods of time in hot or cold conditions.
Other reports have the brown marmorated stink bug documented as early as 2000 in New Jersey from a blacklight trap run by the Rutgers Cooperative Extension Vegetable Integrated Pest Management program in Milford, New Jersey.
In 2002, in New Jersey, it was found on plant material in Stewartsville, and was collected from blacklight traps in Phillipsburg and Little York. It was quickly documented and established in many counties in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Connecticut, and New York on the eastern coast of the United States.
By 2009, this agricultural pest had reached Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, and Oregon. In 2010 it was found in Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, and other states.
As of November 2011, it had spread to 34 U.S. states and by 2012 to 40, and showed an increase of 60% in total numbers over 2011.
Their populations have also spread to southern Ontario and Quebec, Canada. They have recently been found in southern British Columbia and Southern Alberta.
Population increase
As of 2010, 17 states had been categorized as having established populations, and several other states along the eastern half of the United States were reported as having more than normal numbers of stink bugs. Stink bug populations rise because the climate in the United States is ideal for their reproduction. In optimal conditions, an adult stink bug can develop within 35 to 45 days after hatching. Female stink bugs are capable of laying 400 eggs in their lifetimes. The bug is also capable of producing at least one successful generation per year in all areas of the United States, no matter the climate. In warmer climates, multiple generations can occur annually, which can range from two generations in states such as Virginia to six generations in California, Arizona, Florida, Louisiana, Georgia, and Texas.
The addition of two more generations allowed the population to explode, leading to the establishment of several other populations in neighboring states. Currently, no environmental limiting factors are apparently slowing their distribution across North America. They also are extremely mobile insects, capable of moving from host to host without causing disruption in their reproductive processes. Currently, populations are estimated to continue to grow and spread to other states and provinces, especially during unusual periods of warm weather.
Agricultural effects
The brown marmorated stink bug is a serious agricultural pest that has been readily causing damage to crops across the Eastern United States. They feed on a wide array of plants including apples, apricots, Asian pears, cherries, corn, grapes, lima beans, peaches, peppers, tomatoes, and soybeans. This makes them extremely versatile, as they do not require a specific plant on which to feed. To obtain their food, stink bugs use their stylets to pierce the plant tissue to extract the plant fluids. In doing so, the plant loses necessary fluids, which can lead to deformation of seeds, destruction of seeds, destruction of fruiting structures, delayed plant maturation, and increased vulnerability to harmful pathogens. While harvesting the plant's juices, the stink bug injects saliva into the plant, creating a dimpling of the fruit's surface and rotting of the material underneath.
The most common signs of stink bug damage are pitting and scarring of the fruit, leaf destruction, and a mealy texture to the harvested fruits and vegetables. In most cases, the signs of stink bug damage makes the plant unsuitable for sale in the market, as the insides are usually rotten. In field crops such as corn and soybeans, the damage may not be as evident as the damage seen in fruit plants. When stink bugs feed on corn, they go through the husk before eating the kernels, hiding the damage until the husks are removed during harvesting. The same damage is seen in soybeans, as the stink bug goes through the seed pods to acquire the juices of the seeds. One visual cue of stink-bug damage to soybean crops is the "stay green" effect, where damaged soybean plants stay green late into season, while other plants in the field die off normally. One can usually tell that a field of crops is infected because stink bugs are known for the "edge effect", in which they tend to infest crops 30–40 ft from the edge of the field.
Control
Control of stink bugs is a priority of the United States Department of Agriculture, which has developed an artificial pheromone which can be used to bait traps. Because the bugs insert their probosces below the surface of fruit and then feed, some insecticides are ineffective; in addition, the bugs are mobile, and a new population may fly in after the resident population has been killed, making permanent removal nearly impossible. In the case of soybean infestations, spraying only the perimeter of a field may be the most effective method of preventing stinkbugs from damaging the crops. However, even this method is limited, as new populations move back into the area, or the existing population simply moves to unaffected areas. Evidence also shows that stink bugs are developing a resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, a common chemical used to combat infestations. Other insecticides currently in field trials that are showing promising results are oxamyl (96% mortality rate) and moribund (67% mortality rate). Many other commonly used insecticides are merely used to keep the insects out of fields, rather than actually killing them. The most successful method of protecting apples found thus far is the use of kaolin clay. , native predators such as wasps and birds were showing increased signs of feeding on the bugs as they adapt to the new food source. Managing this pest species is challenging, because few effective pesticides are labeled for use against them.
Another recently introduced species from Asia, the large but non-threatening spider; Trichonephila clavata, also known as the Joro spider is a known predator of the stink bug while not posing a threat to native species. There is hope that it may be capable of reducing or controlling stink bug populations in North America as it continues to spread.
Similarity in appearance to native species
Easily confused with Brochymena and Euschistus, the best identification for adults is the white band on the antennae. It is similar in appearance to other native species of shield bug, including Acrosternum, Euschistus, and Podisus, except that several of the abdominal segments protrude from beneath the wings and are alternatively banded with black and white (visible along the edge of the bug even when wings are folded) and a white stripe or band on the next to last (fourth) antennal segment. The adult rice stink bug (Oebalus pugnax) is distinguishable from the brown marmorated stink bug by noting the straw color, the smaller size, and the elongated shape of the rice stink bug.
In Europe
The brown marmorated stink bug was likely first introduced to Europe during the repair work of the Chinese Garden in Zürich, Switzerland in the winter of 1998. The stink bug has been traced back to have traveled with roof tiles that were imported from Beijing, China. The bug has since spread rapidly through Europe. The first sighting in southern Germany was made in Konstanz in 2011. In Italy the first specimens were found in Modena in 2012 and afterwards in South Tirol in 2016. The bug has also been sighted in Vienna, Austria, with increasing reports after 2016. The Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia announced from 2017 to distribute 3.5 million euros to offset the costs of the lost crops of the fruit farmers until 2020. H. halys was first found in Portugal in Pombal in late 2018 or early 2019 - a few live specimens were found in agricultural equipment being imported from Italy. However the Portuguese National Authority for Animal Health regards this as a transitory interception. In 2019, there may have been another sighting somewhere in Portugal. In 2018 arrived to the Basque Country, where the population grew rapidly by October 2023. Only in 2020 was H. halys confirmed to be reproducing and overwintering in the country. In March 2021, it was confirmed to have arrived in the UK.
Spread from Russia to Georgia
The stink bug was traced to have been introduced to the Greater Caucasus area during the construction works of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, where it was most likely imported with decorative building elements brought from Italy. The stink bug has since spread to Georgia, where it continues to cause major damage to the local crops. From 2016 to 2018 the bug was estimated to have destroyed one-third of Georgia's hazelnut harvest, with yearly damages of up to €60 million (~179,000,000 in 2018 lari). Georgia is the fifth-largest producer of hazelnut in the world, with yearly production valued at US$179.5 million in 2016. In 2018 the Georgian government allocated 4 million ($1.6 million) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 8 million ($3.2 million) to help combat the spread of the brown marmorated stink bug in Georgia, but so far the efforts have been criticized as being insufficient.
Spread to Turkey
The stink bug was first reported in Levent district of Istanbul in Turkey in September 2017. In October of the same year, it was observed in Artvin Province and the species has rapidly spread to other areas in Eastern Black Sea Region. In 2018, it was reported in Sakarya's Hendek district, and, it is present in 8 provinces and 46 districts all across Turkey, with Artvin, Rize, Trabzon, Giresun, Samsun, and Yalova provinces being the most effected. The bug is believed to have entered the country through Georgia, as it was initially reported in Kemalpaşa, Artvin just few kilometers away from the border between both countries.
Since Turkey is the biggest hazelnut producer in the world, the bug has caused extensive damage to hazelnut agriculture. The damages on the hazelnut industry in Turkey has been estimated to be US$200 million in 2017, US$300 million in 2018 and is mainly attributed to the brown marmorated stink bug, green stink bug and the powdery mildew. Celal Tuncer, a professor from the Ondokuz Mayıs University has stated that the bug has already caused a 20% drop in Artvin's hazelnut yield and is expected to cause a 50% drop in hazelnut production and quality in the future. According to Tuncer, these drops would lead to US$1 billion in damages to hazelnut producers.
Predators
In China, Trissolcus japonicus, a parasitoid wasp species in the family Scelionidae, is a primary predator.
In the United States, Europe, and New Zealand, Trissolcus japonicus is a focus of biological control programs against the brown marmorated stink bug. This wasp was under study in the United States since 2007 for biosafety of possible introduction. However, in 2014, two adventive populations were found in the United States during surveys to identify which North American parasitoids might be attacking brown marmorated stink bug. Subsequent genetic testing showed these wild populations were self-introduced: they were not related to each other, or to a laboratory strain being studied in quarantine. Since then, several agricultural authorities have begun programs to augment wild populations with releases of laboratory reared wasps. An adventive European population was discovered during similar surveys in Switzerland in 2017.
Several parasitoids and predators indigenous to North America and Europe have been reported to attack stink bug eggs, nymphs and adults. Researchers have also experimented with other predators like the spotted lady beetle, the spined soldier bug and the common green lacewing, whereby the latter consumed most of the eggs of these tested species. Other research investigated different spider species, as well as the wheel bug Arilus cristatus. Several spider species attacked both the eggs and adult stink bugs. The Joro spider, another invasive Asian species, was identified in Georgia in 2015, and is a natural predator of the stink bug. Pill bugs eat stink bug eggs. Arilus cristatus, however, was the most voracious predator and attacked the eggs and adults more consistently.
In houses and structures
The brown marmorated stink bug is more likely to invade homes in the fall than others in the family. The bug survives the winter as an adult by entering houses and structures when autumn evenings become colder, often in the thousands. In one home, more than 26,000 stinkbugs were found overwintering. Adults can live from several months to a year. They enter under siding, into soffits, around window and door frames, chimneys, or any space which has openings big enough to fit through. Once inside the house, they go into a state of hibernation. They wait for winter to pass, but often the warmth inside the house causes them to become active, and they may fly clumsily around light fixtures. Two important vectors of this pest are the landscape ornamentals tree of heaven and princess tree. | WIKI |
Melges Performance Sailboats
Melges Performance Sailboats, is an American sailboat manufacturer founded by Harry Melges, father of former Olympic sailor Buddy Melges.
Melges Boat Works, Inc. was founded by Harry C. Melges, Sr. in 1945. The company was originally named Mel-Ban Boat Works and became Melges Boatworks in 1948. The company became a leader in scow boat design in the U.S., particularly in the Midwest. Harry, Sr. initially built boats out of wood.
The company's headquarters is in Zenda, Wisconsin. The current CEO is Harry Melges III and President is Andy Burdick.
Reichel/Pugh designed many of the Melges-produced boats, including the Melges 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 30, and 32.
Boats
Boats produced by the company include:
* A Scow
* C Scow
* E Scow
* M-16 Scow
* MC Scow
* Melges 20
* Melges 14
* Melges 15
* Melges 17
* Melges 24
* Melges 30
* Melges 32
* Melges 40
* O'Pen Skiff
* X Boat | WIKI |
Talk:Kevin Lisbie
Untitled
needs expanding, as he is with derby now
--<IP_ADDRESS> 22:41, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
* Done and done, thanks for the heads-up. Bobo. 07:22, 23 February 2006 (UTC) | WIKI |
Veteran trader boosts Palantir price target on defense-spending outlook
Veteran trader boosts Palantir price target on defense-spending outlook originally appeared on TheStreet.
TheStreet Pro's Stephen Guilfoyle is thinking of a company.
This group has a large and growing position in defense contracting as well as plenty of corporate clients.
💵💰Don't miss the move: Subscribe to TheStreet's free daily newsletter 💰
And the company's shares were climbing recently even as other names in the Dow Jones U.S. Defense Index, such as Kratos (KTOS) , Northrop Grumman (NOC) , L3Harris (LHX) and Lockheed Martin (LMT) , were falling.
"They don't sell hardware," the veteran trader said in his recent column. "They don't sell things that go 'boom.' They don't sell flying machines, machines that swim or tracked vehicles. They sell intelligence. They sell gig-data driven, AI-supported, game-changing analysis."
Related: As Palantir stock soars, veteran trader makes surprising call
Which company are we talking about here?
"I speak, of course, of Palantir Technologies (PLTR) ," Guilfoyle said, referring to the data-analytics software producer. "In this environment, it has become possibly America's most important defense contractor."
Guilfoyle, whose career dates back to the floor of the New York Stock Exchange in the 1980s, noted that at the recent NATO summit, leaders of the security alliance committed to invest 5% of GDP annually on defense and security-related matters by 2035.
Spain reached a deal with NATO to be excluded from the spending target and will spend 2.1% of GDP.
More Palantir
Veteran fund manager reboots Palantir stock price target
As Palantir stock soars, veteran trader makes surprising call
Palantir reacts to controversial New York Times allegations
"It was a little less than eight years ago that President Trump could not get the majority of these nations to pay their fair share," Guilfoyle said. "Whatever actually comes out of this summit, on top of the increase in spending on defense, I am sure there will be some increased orders for the industrial hardware of conventional warfare."
While those outlays will buy tanks, artillery, aircraft, naval craft, missiles and missile defense technology, he said, "this plays straight into the hands of a firm like Palantir."
"For nations strapped fiscally, looking for the most bang for their buck, or euro, the purchase of software-driven big-data platforms capable of providing accurate analysis and actionable intelligence may just be the best way to upspend on defense," Guilfoyle said.
Several tech companies have benefited from the Trump administration's return, as it has committed to promoting technological advancement, particularly in areas like artificial intelligence and digital assets,
Shares of Palantir have nearly doubled this year and have soared nearly six times from a year ago. The Denver group has been on the receiving end of lucrative defense contracts.
These include a recently expanded $1.3 billion deal with the U.S. Defense Department for the company's Maven Smart System and a controversial software contract with Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
Palantir, which has been an ICE contractor for more than a decade, was recently awarded $30 million to provide the agency with “near real-time visibility” on people self-deporting from the U.S., Wired reported.
In addition, a report by the Project on Government Oversight said White House Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller owned between $100,001 and $250,000 of Palantir stock, raising "conflict of interest concerns."
Related: Veteran fund manager reboots Palantir stock price target
Meanwhile, a coalition of Democratic Party lawmakers wrote to Palantir CEO Alex Karp after reports said the company was helping the IRS build a searchable, governmentwide megadatabase to house Americans’ sensitive information.
In a response to a New York Times story about its Foundry product being added to four federal agencies, the company said, "Palantir never collects data to unlawfully surveil Americans, and our Foundry platform employs granular security protections.”
Palantir is also expanding its corporate client base, bringing in such diverse names as Heineken (HEINY) , Walgreens Boots Alliance (WBA) and AT&T (T)
"Intelligence is a corporate affair, too," said Guilfoyle, who raised his price target on Palantir shares to $181 from $156. "The commercial side of what Palantir provides has been growing more quickly than the government side, by a 71% to 45% score."
He does add that Palantir's valuation "is absurd unless an actual tsunami of investment growth continues to be made in this kind of analysis and resultant intelligence is made by governments and businesses that consider it a nonnegotiable 'must-have.'" Guilfoyle said.
Yahoo Finance pegs PLTR's forward price-to-earnings multiple at 263.
"Then, at what price, survival? The threat — and it will come — to Palantir's valuation will come from competitive pressure, but that day, in my opinion, is not yet upon us."
Related: Fund-management veteran skips emotion in investment strategy
Veteran trader boosts Palantir price target on defense-spending outlook first appeared on TheStreet on Jun 25, 2025
This story was originally reported by TheStreet on Jun 25, 2025, where it first appeared. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Markets Close Mostly Lower Again; ROST, PANW Report Earnings
Market indices closed lower again today, following the single-worst trading day in two years yesterday and easily taking out whatever floor had been built the last time a plurality of investors believed the markets were trading at the bottom. The Dow, off session lows of -474 points, closed -236 points or -0.75%. The S&P 500 finished exactly at 3900, -0.59% on the day. The Nasdaq dipped -0.26%, still -30% from its November high. Only the small-cap Russell 2000 eked out a +0.075% gain.
Big-box retail is still out at the woodshed: Target TGT is down another -5% today after getting beaten -25% following its disappointing earnings report yesterday, and even discount retail is getting hit after-hours. TJX Companies TJX performed well yesterday, but that may simply represent exceptional execution on its part.
Ross Stores ROST are down -15% in late trading Thursday, following its miss on both top and bottom lines on its Q1 report — only its third earnings miss in the past five years. Guidance is more conservative as it figures how to turn around -7% comps year over year. The drying up of government stimulus and dissipation of pent-up demand post-Covid look be things of the past.
However, Palo Alto Networks PANW shares are +11% on its fiscal Q3 earnings report after the close, with earnings of $1.79 per share outpacing the $1.67 expected and $1.38 per share reported a year ago. Revenues grew +29% year over year on +40% Billings in the quarter, sending up next-quarter guidance, as well. The stock has already reduced more than half of its -20% deficit year to date.
Existing Home Sales Dwindle
Both because it provides part of the key to lower inflation over time — and because it’s less depressing than focusing on other aspects of our current trading environment — we’ve taken a closer look at Housing this week. Plenty of new data points released have helped firm up our understanding of this space, including today’s Existing Home Sales (seasonally adjusted, annualized) for April.
With help from CNBC’s Diana Olick in a report citing the National Association of Realtors today, we see that 5.61 million existing homes were on the market last month — the lowest mark we’ve seen since the start of the pandemic. Existing Home Sales are -2.4% month over month and -5.9% year over year, which is the slowest since June 2020.
Basically, homeowners appear more reluctant to sell these days, and it makes sense when you see mortgage rates have gone up 75 basis points on average to around 5.5%. Couple this with the highest-ever median single-family home price of $391,200, +14.8% year over year, and the sticker-shock effect is likely setting in on the home-buying market.
That said, this depends greatly on the value of the home in the first place: while houses between $100-250K are down -29% from this time last year, homes between $500-750K are +19%, and over $1 million they are +16%. Also, a solid 25% of existing home purchases are done in straight cash — a very high percentage, although these also likely pertain to those homes on the higher end of the value scale.
Questions or comments about this article and/or its author? Click here>>
Zacks Names "Single Best Pick to Double"
From thousands of stocks, 5 Zacks experts each have chosen their favorite to skyrocket +100% or more in months to come. From those 5, Director of Research Sheraz Mian hand-picks one to have the most explosive upside of all.
It’s a little-known chemical company that’s up 65% over last year, yet still dirt cheap. With unrelenting demand, soaring 2022 earnings estimates, and $1.5 billion for repurchasing shares, retail investors could jump in at any time.
This company could rival or surpass other recent Zacks’ Stocks Set to Double like Boston Beer Company which shot up +143.0% in little more than 9 months and NVIDIA which boomed +175.9% in one year.
Free: See Our Top Stock and 4 Runners Up >>
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report
Target Corporation (TGT): Free Stock Analysis Report
The TJX Companies, Inc. (TJX): Free Stock Analysis Report
Ross Stores, Inc. (ROST): Free Stock Analysis Report
Palo Alto Networks, Inc. (PANW): Free Stock Analysis Report
To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
Zacks Investment Research
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Conservatism (US Politics) - The New York Times
Advertisement Advertisement Bigot, madman, bully, fraud and serial philanderer are just a sampling of the terms used by influential conservatives. By NICHOLAS KRISTOF The label used to be a conservative joke. To Trump and his supporters, it is a national-security threat. By AMANDA HESS As Donald Trump's official nomination approaches in Cleveland, a lifelong Republican comes to terms with a strange new party. By TOM NICHOLS Mr. Pence's reputation as a longstanding, implacable and dogged opponent of abortion has made him a hero to the country's cultural conservatives. By MONICA DAVEY and MICHAEL BARBARO Republican delegates neared approval of a party platform that is staunchly conservative in matters of gender, sexuality and marriage. By JEREMY W. PETERS Even some Republicans are worried that the use of the term portends less support for public education. By JULIE BOSMAN Conservatives should thank him for exposing the party's real problems. By SAM TANENHAUS The Brexit vote was driven by a sense among older white workers that they have been passed over. The same frustration fuels the candidacy of Donald Trump. By EDUARDO PORTER His campaign promises seem impossible to keep, but voters who like him might be taking that into account. By BRENDAN NYHAN How Big Money corrupts environmental policy. The donor, John Kingston, said the candidate will come once the ballot access is secured. His group, called Better for America, is plainly, in part, a Stop Trump effort. By MAGGIE HABERMAN Why scammers rule on the right. By PAUL KRUGMAN Republicans were once leaders in preserving our shared natural heritage. By RICHARD CONNIFF After much selling out, the Republican Party has become morally bankrupt. We need a New Republican Party to support a healthy two-party system. By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN When I called for my fellow progressives to welcome conservative academics on campus, readers were in agreement that I was dead wrong. By NICHOLAS KRISTOF The social network said it would make changes to Trending Topics, including no longer referring to a list of national news sources. The tête--tête at Facebook headquarters was an attempt to mend fences with conservatives, and most said it was a step in the right direction. By MIKE ISAAC and NICK CORASANITI While Donald J. Trump may not have been their top choice, the adherents of socially conservative ideologies believe the alternative Hillary Clinton would be far worse. By JEREMY W. PETERS Accused of political bias, the company offered details on how human editors and algorithms choose what appears or doesn't appear in Trending Topics. By MIKE ISAAC Even before the Trump-focused accusations started, Roberts was well on his way to becoming the political right's favorite punching bag. By LINDA GREENHOUSE Bigot, madman, bully, fraud and serial philanderer are just a sampling of the terms used by influential conservatives. By NICHOLAS KRISTOF The label used to be a conservative joke. To Trump and his supporters, it is a national-security threat. By AMANDA HESS As Donald Trump's official nomination approaches in Cleveland, a lifelong Republican comes to terms with a strange new party. By TOM NICHOLS Mr. Pence's reputation as a longstanding, implacable and dogged opponent of abortion has made him a hero to the country's cultural conservatives. By MONICA DAVEY and MICHAEL BARBARO Republican delegates neared approval of a party platform that is staunchly conservative in matters of gender, sexuality and marriage. By JEREMY W. PETERS Even some Republicans are worried that the use of the term portends less support for public education. By JULIE BOSMAN Conservatives should thank him for exposing the party's real problems. By SAM TANENHAUS The Brexit vote was driven by a sense among older white workers that they have been passed over. The same frustration fuels the candidacy of Donald Trump. By EDUARDO PORTER His campaign promises seem impossible to keep, but voters who like him might be taking that into account. By BRENDAN NYHAN How Big Money corrupts environmental policy. The donor, John Kingston, said the candidate will come once the ballot access is secured. His group, called Better for America, is plainly, in part, a Stop Trump effort. By MAGGIE HABERMAN Why scammers rule on the right. By PAUL KRUGMAN Republicans were once leaders in preserving our shared natural heritage. By RICHARD CONNIFF After much selling out, the Republican Party has become morally bankrupt. We need a New Republican Party to support a healthy two-party system. By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN When I called for my fellow progressives to welcome conservative academics on campus, readers were in agreement that I was dead wrong. By NICHOLAS KRISTOF The social network said it would make changes to Trending Topics, including no longer referring to a list of national news sources. The tête--tête at Facebook headquarters was an attempt to mend fences with conservatives, and most said it was a step in the right direction. By MIKE ISAAC and NICK CORASANITI While Donald J. Trump may not have been their top choice, the adherents of socially conservative ideologies believe the alternative Hillary Clinton would be far worse. By JEREMY W. PETERS Accused of political bias, the company offered details on how human editors and algorithms choose what appears or doesn't appear in Trending Topics. By MIKE ISAAC Even before the Trump-focused accusations started, Roberts was well on his way to becoming the political right's favorite punching bag. By LINDA GREENHOUSE Go to Home Page » | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
How to Choose the Right Dentist for Your Family
If you want to know how to choose the right dentist for your family, it’s important to understand why dental care is so important. Dental health is linked to overall health, which means that taking care of your teeth and gums can help prevent other health problems.
How often should you see the dentist?
The American Dental Association recommends that everyone see a dentist at least once every six months for a routine checkup and cleaning. However, if you have specific dental needs, you may need to see your dentist more often.
What services does a family dentist provide?
When looking for a family dentist, it’s important to find one who offers all of the services your family needs. Some of the services a family dentist may provide include:
-Routine checkups and cleanings
-Cavity fillings
-Tooth extractions
-X-rays
-Dental sealants
-Fluoride treatments
What should you look for in a family dentist?
When looking for a dentist for your family, you should keep a few things in mind.
First, you want to make sure that the dentist is experienced and qualified to provide care for your family.
You can check the dentist’s credentials by asking about their education and training or by checking with the American Dental Association. You can also find many resources online and companies like Sol Dental Care if you live in the LA area.
It’s also important to find a dentist who you feel comfortable with and who takes the time to answer your questions and address your concerns. You should also ensure that the dentist’s office is clean and organized and that the staff is friendly and helpful.
How do you find a family dentist?
There are a few different ways to find a family dentist. You can ask for recommendations from friends or family members or search online for dentists in your area.
Once you’ve found a few potential candidates, you can schedule consultations to meet with the dentists and get a feel for their personality and approach to care.
You can also read online reviews to see what other patients have to say about their experience with the dentist.
How to schedule an appointment with a dentist
Now that you have decided that you and your family need to start going to the dentist, it is time to schedule an appointment.
When making your appointment, you will need to provide some basic information about yourself and your family. This includes your names, ages, addresses, and contact information. You will also need to let the dentist know if you have insurance.
You will want to schedule an appointment for a time when all family members can come in. This way, the dentist can get to know everyone and ensure everyone is on the same page with their dental care. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The MI Procedure
EM Algorithm for Data with Missing Values
The EM algorithm (Dempster, Laird, and Rubin, 1977) is a technique that finds maximum likelihood estimates in parametric models for incomplete data. For a detailed description and applications of the EM algorithm, see the books by Little and Rubin (2002); Schafer (1997); McLachlan and Krishnan (1997).
The EM algorithm is an iterative procedure that finds the MLE of the parameter vector by repeating the following steps:
1. The expectation E-step Given a set of parameter estimates, such as a mean vector and covariance matrix for a multivariate normal distribution, the E-step calculates the conditional expectation of the complete-data log likelihood given the observed data and the parameter estimates.
2. The maximization M-step Given a complete-data log likelihood, the M-step finds the parameter estimates to maximize the complete-data log likelihood from the E-step.
The two steps are iterated until the iterations converge.
In the EM process, the observed-data log likelihood is nondecreasing at each iteration. For multivariate normal data, suppose there are G groups with distinct missing patterns. Then the observed-data log likelihood being maximized can be expressed as
\[ \mr {log} \, L(\theta | Y_{\mathit{obs}}) = \sum _{g=1}^{G} {\mr {log} \, L_{g}(\btheta | Y_{\mathit{obs}})} \]
where $\mr {log} \, L_{g}(\btheta | Y_{\mathit{obs}})$ is the observed-data log likelihood from the gth group, and
\[ \mr {log} \, L_{g}(\btheta | Y_{\mathit{obs}}) = - {\frac{n_{g}}{2} } \, \mr {log} \, | {\Sigma }_{g} | - \, {\frac{1}{2} } \, \sum _{ig}{ (\mb {y}_{ig} - \bmu _ g)’ {{\bSigma }_{g}}^{-1} (\mb {y}_{ig} - \bmu _ g) } \]
where $n_{g}$ is the number of observations in the gth group, the summation is over observations in the gth group, $\mb {y}_{ig}$ is a vector of observed values corresponding to observed variables, $\bmu _ g$ is the corresponding mean vector, and $\bSigma _{g}$ is the associated covariance matrix.
A sample covariance matrix is computed at each step of the EM algorithm. If the covariance matrix is singular, the linearly dependent variables for the observed data are excluded from the likelihood function. That is, for each observation with linear dependency among its observed variables, the dependent variables are excluded from the likelihood function. Note that this can result in an unexpected change in the likelihood between iterations prior to the final convergence.
See Schafer (1997, pp. 163–181) for a detailed description of the EM algorithm for multivariate normal data.
By default, PROC MI uses the means and standard deviations from available cases as the initial estimates for the EM algorithm. The correlations are set to zero. These estimates provide a good starting value with positive definite covariance matrix. For a discussion of suggested starting values for the algorithm, see Schafer (1997, p. 169).
You can specify the convergence criterion with the CONVERGE= option in the EM statement. The iterations are considered to have converged when the maximum change in the parameter estimates between iteration steps is less than the value specified. You can also specify the maximum number of iterations used in the EM algorithm with the MAXITER= option.
The MI procedure displays tables of the initial parameter estimates used to begin the EM process and the MLE parameter estimates derived from EM. You can also display the EM iteration history with the ITPRINT option. PROC MI lists the iteration number, the likelihood –2 log L, and the parameter values $\bmu $ at each iteration. You can also save the MLE derived from the EM algorithm in a SAS data set by specifying the OUTEM= option. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Why You Should Consider an Asbestos Survey to Keep Your Household Safe
Asbestos is a hazardous, naturally occurring mineral that was formerly used in several construction materials many years ago which can be extremely harmful if it is not handled appropriately and removed.
The use of all asbestos has been banned in the UK since 1999 which means any home constructed before the 2000s could contain asbestos. A lot of the time, asbestos in buildings is totally risk-free but can become a problem when it is disturbed – so it is certainly something to be wary of.
If you are moving into a new home or are unsure of when your current home was built, it could be worth considering an asbestos survey. In some cases when working with other contractors, like having a residential roofing contractor performing work on your roof, they could find this material in the process. It is at this point that it would be best to call experts in this particular field, as asbestos treatment requires knowledge and expertise that only professionals possess.
In a newly-built home this is far less likely as there are more regulations and safety restrictions in place currently. Contractors are more careful about the materials they use for their builds. As the home is under construction, construction companies usually employ Construction Shrink Wrap in exposed areas in order to keep them safe from the elements as they operate. This will usually mean that the materials are in top condition upon completion of the project. This leads to a more durable and reliable end result. Contractors taking better care about the materials they use and maintaining them in the best condition they can as they build means that you shouldn’t have to worry about this risk as much, and can instead turn your attention elsewhere. It is worth mentioning that you only stand to benefit from an full inspection of any property before making such a life-altering decision just to be safe, however.
What is the risk of asbestos and why was it banned?
The term “asbestos” refers to a collection of minerals that, when inhaled, can be extremely dangerous as they contain minute fibres that are damaging to the lungs.
Well before the health risks of asbestos were widely understood, it was employed in buildings as an insulation material. Although it is no longer permitted in the UK, many structures built before 2000 still contain asbestos – especially commercial buildings.
Asbestos poses very little risk if it is left undisturbed, but if it is, it can release its fibres into the air and affect people who breathe them in by causing health issues and affecting the lungs. An adequate asbestos survey can help you tackle asbestos and keep your household safe. To find an asbestos survey service near you, just search your location on Google with a key term like asbestos surveying.
You can never be sure a house is asbestos-free without a proper asbestos check
Never assume that a property you are buying or one that you currently own doesn’t contain asbestos. A typical home inspection isn’t sufficient enough to determine the full scope of the issue with asbestos. If you have encountered material in your home that may contain asbestos, it is crucial to prioritize safety by seeking professional assistance for asbestos testing. Only through professional testing can you accurately assess the presence and extent of asbestos, ensuring appropriate measures can be taken to address the situation effectively.
If you’re buying a new property, a home buyers survey could identify some of the most obvious areas of a home that could potentially contain asbestos, but no home surveyor is qualified to conduct asbestos surveys or take samples. That’s why an asbestos survey can prove to be a worthy investment.
A comprehensive asbestos survey will provide you with a thorough study of the asbestos’ condition as well as an estimate of how much it will probably cost you to remove it from your household. A survey will ensure that both your home and those who live inside will be extra safe from any potential health risks. If not, you can consult legal counsel about asbestos exposure.
Is an asbestos survey a legal requirement when buying a home?
Most people consider asbestos surveys when they are buying a new home unless they are concerned about potential risks in their existing household. For properties developed after 2000, it is not legally required to complete an asbestos survey when buying. But there are a number of compelling reasons why it’s a wise decision to conduct one anyway. You will receive advice from the survey on how to handle or dispose of asbestos properly if you find it in your household.
Asbestos survey when selling a property
The need for a survey is often only brought up by a buyer or the lender, so you don’t need to worry about one. That said, although selling a home containing asbestos is legal in the UK, you should let prospective buyers know if you are aware of it. An asbestos consultant sydney can help you identify this.
An asbestos survey can help when entering a lease
In most instances, the responsibility for the asbestos in a property is yours if you sign a lease under which you are responsible for the property’s maintenance. If there is asbestos present, you should ask your landlord for current information to make sure it is safe and manageable.
A local authority can require you to supply a survey
You could be obliged to provide a competent asbestos survey to a local authority as part of the development process if you have planning approval for a new building, expansion, or alteration to a property or building. Getting in touch with a specialist asbestos surveying company could be the first step to securing an effective asbestos survey that will please a local authority. From there, they can advise which type of survey is best for your home or property.
Krysta Jakson
Krysta is an experienced blogger, writing blogs on lifestyle, fashion, beauty and travel. She wonderfully describes the latest trends on these topics, making the articles interesting for all the readers. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
retoromaani
Etymology
<
Noun
* 1) Romansh; also Romansch, Rumantsch, or Romanche
Usage notes
The language spoken in Swiss Graubünden is called Rätoromanisch or Bündnerromanisch in German and "Romansh" in English. According to some linguists it forms a group called rätoromanische Sprachen together with Ladin and Friulian, spoken in two geographically separate areas in northeastern Italy. Confusingly, this group is called Rhaeto-Romance in English. Finnish follows the German convention. | WIKI |
Fear and anxiety can be differentiated in four domains: (1) duration of emotional experience, (2) temporal focus, (3) specificity of the threat, and (4) motivated direction. Fear is short lived, present focused, geared towards a specific threat, and facilitating escape from threat; anxiety, on the other hand, is long-acting, future focused, broadly focused towards a diffuse threat, and promoting excessive caution while approaching a potential threat and interferes with constructive coping.[17]
Once an individual has had a panic attack, for example, while driving, shopping in a crowded store, or riding in an elevator, he or she may develop irrational fears, called phobias, about these situations and begin to avoid them. Eventually, the avoidance and level of nervousness about the possibility of having another attack may reach the point at which the mere idea of engaging in the activities that preceded the first panic attack triggers future panic attacks, resulting in the person with panic disorder potentially being unable to drive or even step out of the house (agoraphobia). Thus, there are two types of panic disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Like other mental health conditions, panic disorder can have a serious impact on a person's daily life unless the individual receives effective treatment.
One of the scariest early experiences in panic disorder is having a panic attack and not knowing what is happening to your body. By learning more about panic attacks and panic disorder, you can start to label and identify the experience that you are having. Although the experience of panic attacks is very distressing, having a panic attack will not cause you to die or to completely lose control and they do not mean that you are going crazy. Sometimes, just knowing what is going on can help people to feel better. For example, the next time you have a panic attack, you can tell yourself "this is anxiety. I have felt this before and I was okay."
After a number of panic episodes, the individual can become afraid of being a helpless victim of panic. He or she may hesitate to be alone, to venture far from home, or to be in public places. Even when not experiencing an anxiety attack, the person with panic attacks often becomes increasingly nervous and apprehensive. He or she attempts to remain physically and psychologically tense in preparation for the next attack.
Loved ones, as well as medical personnel, generally attempt to reassure the panic attack sufferer that he or she is not in great danger. However, these efforts at reassurance can sometimes add to the patient's struggles. If the doctors say things like, "it's nothing serious," "it's all in your head," or "nothing to worry about," this may give the false impression that there is no real problem, they should be able to overcome their symptoms without help, and that treatment is not possible or necessary. More accurately, while panic attacks can undoubtedly be serious, they are not organ-threatening. Therefore, for people who might wonder what to do to help the panic sufferer at the time of an anxiety attack, a more effective approach tends to be acknowledge their fear and the intensity of their symptoms while reassuring the person having the panic attack that what is occurring is not life-threatening and can be treated.
Anxiety disorders respond very well to therapy—and often in a relatively short amount of time. The specific treatment approach depends on the type of anxiety disorder and its severity. But in general, most anxiety disorders are treated with therapy, medication, or some combination of the two. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and exposure therapy are types of behavioral therapy, meaning they focus on behavior rather than on underlying psychological conflicts or issues from the past. They can help with issues such as panic attacks, generalized anxiety, and phobias.
A form of psychotherapy called cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found by several studies to be the most effective treatment for panic attacks and panic disorder. During CBT, you will work with a therapist on relaxation training, restructuring your thoughts and behaviors, mindfulness, exposure treatment, and stress reduction. Many people that suffer from panic attacks start to notice a reduction within weeks, and symptoms often decrease significantly or go away completely within several months.
Characterized by a suite of symptoms that persist for at least three days and up to one month after a traumatic experience (same diagnostic criteria for "trauma" as listed above). The specific symptoms of the disorder vary across individuals, but a common feature is intense anxiety in response to re-experiencing symptoms (e.g., recurrent intrusive recollections of traumatic event) of the trauma.
Foster the development of a strong peer network. It's probably no surprise to hear that peer relationships become a major source of support during adolescence. Encourage your child to engage in interests (like arts, music, and sports) that will help them develop and maintain friendships. If your child already has a very busy and structured schedule, try to carve out some time for more relaxed socializing. However, note that sometimes peers can be the source of anxiety, whether through peer pressure or bullying. Check in with your child about the nature of their relationships with others in their social circle (school or class).
Everyone here has issues, but what happens when you’re blue as hell and CANNOT figure out the source of the problem? There is no quote, no book, no video, no saying or phrase, no motto, which is helping me right now. I feel like absolute total HELL. And I damned well know it’s not going to last, and that it’s probably a result of thinking too hard, too long, too deeply. Anyway, thank you all for sharing your pain with strangers. It shows that you’re way stronger than you think.
Yes. There are many medications that have FDA approval to treat anxiety disorders. Several members of the benzodiazepine class are routinely used to provide relief from anxiety. These minor tranquillizers are safe and effective, but should be used for short-term relief. They have many side effects, including drowsiness, and can be habit forming at higher doses. People taking these medications should not use heavy machinery or drive until they understand how the medication might affect them.
After a number of panic episodes, the individual can become afraid of being a helpless victim of panic. He or she may hesitate to be alone, to venture far from home, or to be in public places. Even when not experiencing an anxiety attack, the person with panic attacks often becomes increasingly nervous and apprehensive. He or she attempts to remain physically and psychologically tense in preparation for the next attack.
Have you ever worried about your health? Money? The well-being of your family? Who hasn’t, right? These are common issues we all deal with and worry about from time to time. However, if you find yourself in constant worry over anything and everything in your life, even when there should be no cause for concern, you might be suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder. People with this condition often recognize they are “over-worrying” about a lot of issues, but have no control over the worry and associated anxiety. It is constant and can interfere with your ability to relax or sleep well and can cause you to startle easily.
Medication: Many antidepressants can work for anxiety disorders. They include escitalopram (Lexapro) and fluoxetine (Prozac). Certain anticonvulsant medicines (typically taken for epilepsy) and low-dose antipsychotic drugs can be added to help make other treatments work better. Anxiolytics are also drugs that help lower anxiety. Examples are alprazolam (Xanax) and clonazepam (Klonopin). They’re prescribed for social or generalized anxiety disorder as well as for panic attacks.
Some benefits of benzodiazepines are that they are effective in relieving anxiety and take effect more quickly than antidepressant medications often prescribed for anxiety. Some drawbacks of benzodiazepines are that people can build up a tolerance to them if they are taken over a long period of time and they may need higher and higher doses to get the same effect. Some people may even become dependent on them.
× | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 4.djvu/239
Rh a most comprehensive and systematic work on the laws of England in five volumes, entitled DC. Lcyibns et Consuetu- dinibus Anyliiu, which is modelled after the Institutes of Justinian, and is supposed, from internal evidence, to have been completed about the time when he was appointed chief justiciary, as it contains references to changes in the law made shortly before that time, but takes no notice of the statute of Maryborough passed in 52 Henry III. A Latin abridgment of Bracton s work was written by Gilbert de Thornton, who was appointed Chief-Justice of the King s Bench in the 17th year of the reign of Edward I., of which Selden possessed a copy, but no copy of it is at present known to exist. There are numerous MSS. extant of Brae- ton s work, but only two editions of it have been printed, the first in folio in 15G9, the second in quarto in 1G40. The text of these editions is identical, as well as the paging. BRADFORD, a parliamentary and municipal borough of England, situated in the northern division of the West Riding of Yorkshire and the wapentake of Morley, on an affluent of the Aire, 34 miles S.W. of York, 9 miles W. of Leeds, and 192 miles from London by rail. The borough comprises 7220 acres, and is divided into five townships Bradford, Manningham, Horton, Bowling, and Bolton. Bradford has returned two members to parliament since 1832, was incorporated in 1847, and is governed by a mayor, lf&gt; aldermen, and 45 councillors. The parish includes the thirteen townships of Allerton, Bowling, Bradford, Clayton, Eccleshill, Haworth, Heaton, Horton, Maimingham, North Bierley, Shipley, Thornton, and Wilsden, and comprises 3t,14G acres. The population of the borough in 1871 was 145,830, 68,905 males and 7G,925 females. During the Saxon period Bradford was included in the parish of Dewsbury ; but William the Conqueror, who mentions it in Domesday Book, included it in the barony of Pontefract, which he granted to llbert de Lacy. The manor of Bradford remained in the hands of the De Lacies until the beginning of the 14th century, when it passed by marriage to the family of the earl of Lancaster, John of Gaunt holding it at the time of his death in 1399. The manor was held by the Crown from that time down to the reign of Charles I., who sold it for a small yearly rent to the corporation of London. Afterwards it passed into the possession of the Marsdens of Hornby Castle, but since 1795 it has been held by the Ilawson family, from whom the cor poration have recently purchased all manorial rights. In the struggle between Charles I. and the Parliamentarians, Bradford adhered to the cause of the latter, and twice successfully resisted the royal forces that besieged the town. Subsequently the earl of Newcastle defeated Lord Fairfax at Atherton Moor, a few miles distant, and the Parliamen tarian general retreated upon Bradford, giving the defence of the town over to his son, Sir Thomas Fairfax, who, however, was ultimately compelled to yield to the supe rior numbers of the Royalists. From that time the caresr of Bradford has been almost entirely a commercial one. Situated in a populous, well-watered valley, abundantly supplied with iron, coal, and stone, Bradford has, since the introduction of steam, made exceedingly rapid progress. During the Plantagenet and Tudor periods the manufacture of woollen cloth was carried on in Bradford, the trade being greatly assisted by the settlement of a number of Flemish weavers in the district. About the end of the 17th century, however, the worsted trade, which till then had been chiefly confined to Norwich, was introduced into Bradford, and in course of time became the staple trade of the town. In 1773 a piece hill was erected, and for many years served as a market-place for the manufacturers and merchants of the district. On the introduction of steam- power and machinery the worsted trade advanced with great rapidity. The first mill in Bradford was built in 1798 ; there were 20 mills in the town in 1820, 34 in 1833, and 70 in 1841 ; and at the present time there are between 200 and 300, of much greater magnitude than the earlier factories. In the seventy years between 1801 and 1871 the population of the town increased tenfold, during which period the worsted trade has been developed to an astonishing extent. In 1833 Mr (now Sir Titus) Salt developed the alpaca manufacture in the town ; mohair was shortly afterwards introduced; and more recently Mr S. C. Lister has introduced the silk and velvet manufacture, having invented a process of manipulating silk waste, whereby what was previously treated as refuse is made into goods that will compete with those manufactured from the perfect cocoon. In the Bradford staple trade alone it is estimated that there is now an annual turn-over of between 60,000,000 and 70,000,000. Bradford has been greatly improved in appearance during the last few years, many important public buildings having been erected, and new and spacious thoroughfares opened out where narrow and ungainly streets formerly existed. Amongst the more prominent public buildings may be mentioned St George s Hall, used for public meetings, concerts, &c., and capable of accommodating nearly 4000 persons, built in 1853 ; the Exchange, built in 18G7, at a cost of 40,000 ; the market buildings, opened in 1872 ; and the Town-Hall, opened in 1873, and built at a cost of 100.000. The town is built entirely of the freestone which is so plentiful in the district. Many of the ware houses are large and of considerable architectural beauty, and the factories are mostly of great extent, some single establishments giving employment to between 3000 and 4000 workpeople. The parish church, built in 1485, on the site of an old Norman chuvch, is dedicated to St Peter. The living is valued at 1300 per annum. There was no other church in the town until 1815, when Christ Church was built. In 1838 St James s Church was erected, and between that date and 1853 five others were built. More recently ten additional churches have been built by the Bradford Church Building Society, the last of the ten (St Bartholomew s) being opened in 1 872. There are now over twenty churches in the town. The dissenters have upwards of forty places of worship in Bradford, many of which are large and handsome edifices. The Roman Catholics likewise possess several churches. The educational facilities of the town are considerable. The Airedale College, for the education of students intended for the Independent ministry, is situated here, and has a large annual revenue. Until a few years ago there was also a Baptist college here, but it has been removed to Rawdon, six miles distant. The Bradford Grammar School existed in the IGth century, and in 16G3 received a charter of incorporation from Charles II. Latterly, the Endowed Schools Commissioners have reconstituted the school ; a new building, giving accommodation to between 300 and 400 scholars, was erected in 1873, and Mr Forster M.P.. Mr Henry Brown, and others, have pres nted a number of scholarships to the school. Since 1832 there has been a Mechanics Institute in the town, and in 1871 a new one was erected at a cost of 32,500. There are several other educational institutions, including a Church Literary Insti tute and a Female Educational Institute, and a Free Library was established in 1872. Under the direction of the school board eight or ten handsome and commodious schools have been erected. Bradford possesses a general infirmary, a fever hospital, an eye and ear hospital, an institution for the blind, and several other charitable institutions. It has two theatres and several music halls. There are two public parks, Peel | WIKI |
The Properties of Cryogenic Hoses
Almost every branch of modern industry, whether it is oil, gas, mining, or agriculture, needs hoses to pump various liquids. Depending on the type of product being pumped, specific hoses and fittings are selected to convey the material. Although almost any type of hose can easily convey a chemically non-aggressive liquids like water, pumping aggressive gaseous, media such as Ammonia and Acetylene, or cryogenic liquids with extremely low temperatures, requires a completely different solution. Cryogenic applications, in particular require specialized hoses; one of the most common types of cryogenic hose are metal hoses.
By Jurij Artiukhov, General Manager, PipeTime, LLC
Metal Cryogenic Hose Compositions
General Structure
Metal hoses are composed of a stainless steel corrugation that is braided with a protective mesh-type sheath made of stainless steel wire. This method of construction ensures the hose’s performance when it is under the influence of various loads or experiencing pressure pulsations that occur during transportation through the flexible element (corrugation) of the working medium. The braid must fit snugly around the hose to avoid ripples, and can be single-layer, two-layer, and three-layer, depending on the margin of safety (working pressure).
Before commissioning, cryogenic metal hoses are tested for tightness by mass spectrometric method using a helium leak detector. The working pressure depends on the number of layers of metal braid, as well as on the diameter of the hose.
Typically, metal hoses are manufactured with a diameter that ranges from 6mm to 300mm. As a rule, the larger the diameter of the hose, the lower the working pressure. For example, the working pressure on small diameters can reach up to 400 bar. The length of the cryogenic metal hose varies depending on the place of connection, but the maximum length, as a rule, reaches 10m.
Materials
Stainless steel was chosen as the material of construction due to its wear resistance, its strength, and high corrosion resistance. The use of stainless steel also allows metal hoses to have a working temperature range between -200˚C to -600˚C. Operation of this type of hoses is possible with the following working media: Nitrogen (N2), Ammonia, Argon (Ar), Acetylene (C2H2), Hydrogen (H2), Helium (He), Oxygen (O2), Propane, Welding gases, Carbon dioxide, cryogenic liquids (liquid nitrogen, liquid argon, liquid oxygen, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid helium), and pure gases.
If the media being conveyed must remain at a specific temperature, a hose equipped with a special screen-vacuum thermal insulation is typically used. The composition of this hose generally consists of several layers of special heat insulating materials. The system used to maintain the temperature follows the principle of ‘thermos’; a cryogenic product is pumped through the inner hose, while the air is pumped out of the cavity of the outer hose, to create a vacuum in which the heat-insulating materials are placed (the thinnest aluminum foil + glass paper). This design ensures that the cryogenic products maintain their low temperatures.
The use of this design simultaneously increases the productivity of the system, as product losses are minimized due to the almost complete reduction in heat gain. In these cases, the temperature of the working environment is often as low as -270˚C.
Transportation and Connections
If the distance between two connection points is short, then the transported product dose not remain in the line for a long period of time and the transported product absorbs little heat.
As only a small part of the substance evaporates during the flow, the rest of the product retains its original thermodynamic state. Thus, screen-vacuum insulation of cryogenic pipelines is an innovative solution in the field of cryogenic transmission lines and provides significant savings.
To connect cryogenic metal hoses to each other, or to connect them to external equipment, flange connections and fittings that meet the European Industrial Gases Association (EIGA) or Asia Industrial Gases Association (AIGA) standards can be used.
EIGA connections are typically used as end fittings for cryogenic metal hoses that range in sizes form Du-40 – Du-50 mm. These have a nipple that can transition from the standard diameter Du- 60 mm to a diameter of 50 mm and are welded to the end of the metal hose. It is possible to connect EIGA nut nipples to the metal hose using NPT-1.5″ or 2″ taper pipe thread. The counterpart of the EIGA nut is a fitting that is attached to the cryogenic plant. The connection is sealed by squeezing a fluoroplastic ring when the union nut is tightened.
The union nut and mating fitting have special ‘key’ structural elements that do not allow accidental confusion of the pumped cryogenic liquids.
AIGA connections are designed for hermetic connection of flexible metal hoses, with a conditional passage of 40, 65 mm, to equipment that produces, stores, and uses liquid nitrogen. This type of connection consists of a nipple connected to a metal hose by welding or NPT thread, a union brass nut on the nipple, and a threaded fitting attached to the equipment. Sealing occurs when the brass nut is tightened and the nipple tooth cuts into the copper gasket in the union groove.
Although every country has its own connections designed for pumping cryogenic liquids – in Russia it is the ROT connection- most hoses connections can be completed using adapters from one standard size to another, or mating flange connections.
Screen-vacuum metal hose.
Additional Components
Cryogenic metal hoses can be equipped with the following additional elements:
• Compensators used in the case of connecting two sections that are at unequal levels or to dampen the vibration of operating equipment,
• Supports and connecting elements;
• Protective membrane devices;
• Sections of cryogenic equipment (pipelines)
Rubber and Composite Hose Compositions
Rubber Hoses
While it is more common to use metal, rubber hoses can also be used for pumping certain cryogenic liquids, such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Rubber hoses used in cryogenic applications are made of a special CO2 compatible elastomer and are reinforced inside with stainless steel braid.
The available hose diameters range from 1″ to 2″ with a maximum working pressure of up to 30 bar; working temperature ranges from -54˚C to +100˚C. Carbon dioxide rubber hoses are equipped with fittings with increased corrosion resistance.
Breakaway coupling.
Composite Hoses
One of the more modern solutions for pumping cryogenic liquids is the use of composite hoses, which has a number of advantages over metal and rubber hoses. Cryogenic composite hoses are immune to icing and have been specially designed to withstand temperatures down to -200˚C and pressures up to 25 bars. They have been developed based on multi-layer composition that consists of: polyamide fabrics and films, and polyester films reinforced with internal and external stainless steel wire spirals. These hoses are manufactured in accordance with EN 13766 – for liquefied gas- and EN 2010 standards – for LNG.
One of the main advantages of composite hoses is the lightness of the linear hose meter. For example, a hose with a diameter of 2” weighs roughly 2.5 kg. The bending radius is another advantage as it can reach up to 180 mm and maintain this flexibility at -200˚C.
The hoses are also suitable for a number of fully refrigerated liquids. These include: LPG, propane and butane, down to -105°C, liquid ethane at temperature and liquid ethylene, and LNG, liquid methane and liquid nitrogen service at temperature -200°C. The main consumers of composite hoses are oil and gas companies, petrochemical plants, bunkering companies.
Dioxide carbon hose.
Cryogenic Couplings
When pumping cryogenic liquids, leakage or spillage is unacceptable. Breakaway couplings and dry-break couplings are therefore used when conveying liquefied gas or LNG, to ensure that the media is not lost.
Breakaway Coupling
A breakaway coupling consists of two flange connections that have valves installed within them. When the flanges are closed, the valves are open and flow of the media is completely free; when the flange connections are opened, the valves instantly seal the opening. The use of breakaway couplings therefore mitigates the risk of leaks if the maximum load occurs along the axis and the bolts break off.
Parameters of the breakaway coupling for cryogenic liquids:
• Production material – stainless steel
• Operating pressure up to 25 bar
• Connection: Female NPT thread, EN1092 (DIN), ANSI flanges
• Operating temperature up to -200˚C
• Diameters: 1″ to 6″
• Material of sealing elements: PTFE
Dry Quick Couplings
Dry quick couplings, while very similar to breakaway couplings, are used to connect cryogenic hoses to various devices and containers. This type of connection is primarily used for: vapor recovery lines, container discharge, fuel bunkering, loading/unloading of tank trucks, rail tankers, bunkering, and tank vessels.
Final Thoughts
As cryogenic hoses are an important element in the transport of hazardous cryogenic liquids, the selection of material and fittings should be based on their ability to withstand low temperatures, as well as the chemical aggressiveness of the pumped medium. It is therefore important to understand which types of hoses are most suitable to convey the various medias. To ensure that none of the media is lost during the transfer process, leak tests should also be conducted prior to commissioning.
About the Author
Jurij Artiukhov works as the General Manager at PipeTime, LLC. He previously worked as a Sales Manager for MTT Company and Project Manager for SOL SP Company. He holds a graduate degree from the University of Foreign Affairs, Economy and Law.
Previous articleNew Danfoss StreetLite Performance Hose
Next articleBe a Part of the Hose + Coupling World Americas Conference: Submit Your Abstract Today! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
blob: fd7f2b28688adc612a0355f06ad66a583009cc8d [file] [log] [blame]
import { expect } from 'chai';
import {
loadCachedTestBed, takeScreenshot, TestBed,
} from '../../../puppeteer-tests/util';
describe('details-dialog-sk', () => {
let testBed: TestBed;
before(async () => {
testBed = await loadCachedTestBed();
});
beforeEach(async () => {
await testBed.page.goto(testBed.baseUrl);
await testBed.page.setViewport({ width: 400, height: 550 });
});
it('should render the demo page (smoke test)', async () => {
expect(await testBed.page.$$('details-dialog-sk')).to.have.length(1);
});
describe('screenshots', () => {
it('shows the default view', async () => {
await takeScreenshot(testBed.page, 'status', 'details-dialog-sk');
});
it('shows task dialog', async () => {
await testBed.page.click('#taskButton');
await takeScreenshot(testBed.page, 'status', 'details-dialog-sk_task');
});
it('shows task dialog with taskdriver', async () => {
await testBed.page.click('#taskDriverButton');
await testBed.page.waitForSelector('task-driver-sk');
await takeScreenshot(testBed.page, 'status', 'details-dialog-sk_task_driver');
});
it('shows taskSpec dialog', async () => {
await testBed.page.click('#taskSpecButton');
await takeScreenshot(testBed.page, 'status', 'details-dialog-sk_taskspec');
});
it('shows commit dialog', async () => {
await testBed.page.click('#commitButton');
await takeScreenshot(testBed.page, 'status', 'details-dialog-sk_commit');
});
});
}); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Federalist, Dawson edition, 1863.djvu/402
For the Independent Journal.
THE FŒDERALIST. No. XXXVIII.
HE last paper having concluded the observations, which were meant to introduce a candid survey of the plan of Government reported by the Convention, we now proceed to the execution of that part of our undertaking.
The first question that offers itself is, whether the general form and aspect of the Government be strictly republican. It is evident that no other form would be reconcilable with the genius of the People of America; with the fundamental principles of the Revolution; or with that honorable determination which animates every votary of freedom, to rest all our political experiments on the capacity of mankind for self-government. If the plan of the Convention, therefore, be found to depart from the republican character, its advocates must abandon it as no longer defensible.
What then are the distinctive characters of the republican form? Were an answer to this question to be sought, not by recurring to principles, but in the application of the term by political writers, to the Constitutions of different States, no satisfactory one would ever be found. Holland, in which no particle of the supreme authority is derived from the People, has passed almost universally under the denomination of a republic. The same title has been bestowed on Venice, where absolute power over the great body of the People is exercised, in the most absolute manner, by a small body of hereditary nobles. Poland, which is a mixture of aristocracy and of monarchy in their worst forms, has been dignified | WIKI |
American InterContinental University South Florida Campus
American InterContinental University South Florida Campus was a location of American InterContinental University, a for-profit university, located at 2250 N. Commerce Parkway, Weston, Florida. The 100000 sqft, four-story learning facility featured "modern technology, media equipment, and industry-current learning labs". The campus was closed in 2015. | WIKI |
5 protocols
AccessionType
grow
Blood samples obtained from patients were suspended in RNAlater Stabilization Reagent (Qiagen) and centrifuged (10 min, 3000 x g). Cell pellet was resuspended in buffer containing 1% beta-mercaptoethanol and homogenized by pulling through 0.9 mm syringe needle.
image_acquisition
The slides were scanned with the ScanArrayExpress (Perkin Elmer) at 5-?m resolution and two lasers, corresponding to AlexaFluor 555 and AlexaFluor 647 excitation ranges. Raw data files were generated in GenePixPro6.1 (Molecular Devices).
(Parameters: Scanning hardware = ScanArray [PerkinElmer], Scanning software = ScanArray Express [PerkinElmer])
hybridization
Hybridization was performed in automatic hybridization station HybArray12 (Perkin Elmer) using step-down hybridization protocol (5h in 50°C, 5h in 45°C and 5h in 40°C). Three subsequent wash steps were applied in the machine as follows: (I) 2x SSC, 0.1 % SDS at 35°C, 5 min. (II) 2x SSC at RT, 10 min., (III) 0.2x SSC at RT, 10 min. Then the slides were dried through centrifugation.
(Parameters: Chamber type = OTHER: PerkinElmer-HYbArray12 hyb station, Quantity of label target used = 300, Mass unit = Nano gram, time = 15, Tiny time unit = hours, Volume = 100, Volume unit = Micro litre, temperature = 50)
labeling
300 ng of RNA was transcribed into cDNA using SuperScriptII reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen), oligo(dt) and SMARTII primers. 8 spike-in controls (Ambion) were added into RT reaction in the following concentrations: 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 100, 500 pg/ul. Purified via ethanol precipitation cDNA was PCR-amplified using Pwo SuperYield DNA polymerase (Roche). PCR product served as a template for synthesis of antisense ssDNA incorporated with aminoallyl-modified nucleotides. Amino-allyl-modified ssDNA was labeled with the dye-pair from SSTM Plus Indirect cDNA Labeling System (Invitrogen): ssDNAs from patient samples were labeled with AlexaFluor 647 while ssDNAs from control samples with AlexaFluor 555 and on-column purified (MinElute Reaction Cleanup Kit, Qiagen).
(Parameters: Amount of nucleic acid labeled = 300, Amplification = PCR, Mass unit = Nano gram)
nucleic_acid_extraction
RNA was extracted from homogenized cells using AllPrep DNA/RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen), DNase I (Qiagen) digested and precipitated in -80ºC in 2.5 volume of 98% ethanol and 3 M NH4OAc, pH 4.8. The quality of RNA was verified using Bioanalyzer 2100 (Agilent).
(Parameters: Extracted product = total_RNA, Amplification = none) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Do all stars produce solar winds?
Not all of them, but many seem to. We can detect stellar winds in many different kinds of stars because certain spectral lines produced in the inner coronae of stars seem to show a systematic 'radial' motion. O and B-type stars have powerful winds driven by radiation pressure. Late-type G, K and M stars also show strong winds which get more powerful in red giant stars. A and F- type stars, to my recollection, seem to have less-strong winds than other spectral types...but even so are probably not completely absent, merely hard to detect because they are so weak. The equations that describe how stellar winds operate seem to be so general that nearly all stars that have coronal regions hotter than their photospheres, have winds. Stars without active chromospheres and coronal heating may, however, not have strong winds at all.
Return to the Ask the Space Scientist main page.
All answers are provided by Dr. Sten Odenwald (Raytheon STX) for the
NASA IMAGE/POETRY Education and Public Outreach program. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- Hungary Court Suspends Law on State Employee Surveillance
Hungary’s Constitutional Court
suspended parts of a law that would have permitted continuous
surveillance of state employees subject to security clearance. The legislation, which was due to take effect Aug. 1, would
have “seriously limited” the right to privacy by allowing
monitoring even after the employees had been cleared for a job,
the court said today in a ruling posted on its website. Prime Minister Viktor Orban, who wields a two-thirds
parliamentary majority, has faced criticism from the European
Union, United Nations and U.S. for eroding checks and balances
after extending his influence over independent institutions
including the courts, the media regulator and the central bank. The parts of the law that were suspended would have allowed
the security services to “secretly” gather information on
state employees for 30-day periods twice a year, the court said. To contact the reporter on this story:
Zoltan Simon in Budapest at
zsimon@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Balazs Penz at
bpenz@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Adamfinmo/Sandbox
Bruce Hildenbrand (born February 20, 1955) is a freelance photojournalist based out of Boulder, Colorado. He writes for a number of outdoor-related magazines including Outside magizine, Bicycling , BicycleSport , Active.com, and others.
He is an active.com Active Expert, where he provides news and information on the sport of cycling and the Olympic Games.
Hildenbrand also speaks on radio stations across the United States, such Air America Radio, KUT-Austin, and KRBQ-Madison, as a cycling expert providing commentary in such areas as professional bike racing, bicycle safety and bike maintenance. .
Bruce has also earned a patent for computer process | WIKI |
Multiple Alternative Sentene Compressions as a Tool for Automatic Summarization Tasks
Thumbnail Image
Files
umi-umd-4205.pdf(1.01 MB)
No. of downloads: 1601
Publication or External Link
Date
2007-04-05
Authors
Zajic, David Michael
Advisor
Dorr, Bonnie J.
Lin, Jimmy
Citation
DRUM DOI
Abstract
Automatic summarization is the distillation of important information from a source into an abridged form for a particular user or task. Many current systems summarize texts by selecting sentences with important content. The limitation of extraction at the sentence level is that highly relevant sentences may also contain non-relevant and redundant content. This thesis presents a novel framework for text summarization that addresses the limitations of sentence-level extraction. Under this framework text summarization is performed by generating Multiple Alternative Sentence Compressions (MASC) as candidate summary components and using weighted features of the candidates to construct summaries from them. Sentence compression is the rewriting of a sentence in a shorter form. This framework provides an environment in which hypotheses about summarization techniques can be tested. Three approaches to sentence compression were developed under this framework. The first approach, HMM Hedge, uses the Noisy Channel Model to calculate the most likely compressions of a sentence. The second approach, Trimmer, uses syntactic trimming rules that are linguistically motivated by Headlinese, a form of compressed English associated with newspaper headlines. The third approach, Topiary, is a combination of fluent text with topic terms. The MASC framework for automatic text summarization has been applied to the tasks of headline generation and multi-document summarization, and has been used for initial work in summarization of novel genres and applications, including broadcast news, email threads, cross-language, and structured queries. The framework supports combinations of component techniques, fostering collaboration between development teams. Three results will be demonstrated under the MASC framework. The first is that an extractive summarization system can produce better summaries by automatically selecting from a pool of compressed sentence candidates than by automatically selecting from unaltered source sentences. The second result is that sentence selectors can construct better summaries from pools of compressed candidates when they make use of larger candidate feature sets. The third result is that for the task of Headline Generation, a combination of topic terms and compressed sentences performs better then either approach alone. Experimental evidence supports all three results.
Notes
Rights | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Francesco Salata
Francesco Salata (17 September 1876 – 10 March 1944) was a Dalmatian Italian senator, politician, journalist, historian and writer. Salata was an irredentist, although he had a more legalistic approach than other contemporaries, as well as being more liberal. He was panned and attacked by the fascists, although, after they took power, he was employed by the fascist government, and wrote books apologizing for the fascist politics. Very fond of his native Istria, Salata opposed what he saw as the slavicisation carried out by Croatian priests in Istria, the Kvarner and Dalmatia. He accused the Slovenian and Croatian clergy of carrying out the slavicisation of Istria and the Kvarner. Salata upheld the idea that Dalmatia, Istria and the Kvarner were, historically, Italian lands.
Among his best-known works are Guglielmo Oberdan secondo gli atti segreti del processo: carteggi diplomatici e altri documenti inediti (1924), republished in a reduced version as Oberdan in 1932, Il patto Mussolini: storia di un piano politico e di un negoziato diplomatico (1933), and Il nodo di Gibuti: storia diplomatica su documenti inediti (1939).
Biography
Salata was born on 17 September 1876 in Ossero (Osor), on the island of Cres, which at the time was part of the Austro-hungarian empire. His family wasn't hereditary aristocratic but nonetheless was well-to-do. His father was podestà of Ossero from 1883 until 1901.
In 1911 Salata married Ilda Mizzan, from a Pisino family. They had a daughter together, Maria, born in 1911. Salata toured Istria with Gabriele D'Annunzio, who, years before she engaged to Salata, became acquainted with his future wife in Pisino, where she designed a tribute paid to the poet upon his entry in the Istrian town, with D'Annunzio dedicating to her a copy of his Francesca da Rimini.
As early as in his high school years, Salata risked to be expelled from all the schools of the empire because of his attempts to found a branch of the Lega Nazionale in Ossero, which promoted the Italian language and culture in territories inhabited by Germans, Croatians and Slovenians, that is Trentino and the Adriatic coast.
After attending high school in Capodistria (Koper), Salata studied law at the University of Vienna (a total of seven semesters). He also studied two semesters at the University of Graz. Salata interrupted his studies to dedicate himself first to journalism and then to his studies on history. In 1888 he was the editor of Pola's (Pula) Il popolo istriano, and later a collaborator of Trieste's "Il Piccolo".
He participated in conferences of the Italian society of archaeology in Istria (Società istriana di archeologia e storia patria). His first intervention was on Francesco Patrizi, and it was published under the name Nel terzo centenario della morte di Francesco Patrizio – negli Atti e memorie della Società istriana di archeologia e storia patria. With his works L’antica diocesi di Ossero e la liturgia slava: pagine di storia patria (1897) and Nuovi studi sulla liturgia slava (1897), he joined the debate against the exploitation of the paleoslavic liturgy carried out by Slavic (Croatian) priests to promote the use of Croatian in the Catholic churches of Istria and the Kvarner. Both works end with an attack on the Slovenian and Croatian clergy. His subsequent works are increasingly patriotic.
Salata joined the Società politica istriana (SPI), believing in the civic and cultural superiority of the Italian element, which, because of this, was entitled to govern the res publica. According to Salata, this "preeminence" conformed to the "Austrian law of political representation of classes and interests," and it derived from the important number of Italians in modern-day Croatian lands and their "civic value and contributive force." According to Salata, Italians were superior "in ownership, intelligence and venerable culture." Salata became secretary and vice-president of the SPI in 1903. The party promoted Italian culture in Istria, fighting for positions of control in the local administrations. It also fought for the consolidation of the use of the Italian language at an administrative level and in schools. Salata was elected to the Diet of Istria in 1908.
Salata went to Rome for administrative reasons in the beginning of 1915, just a few months before the outbreak of World War I. He decided to stay, in order to plead his cause for Italy's intervention in the war. He came into contact with the Commissione centrale di patronato dei fuoriusciti trentini e adriatici, and started to prepare material to support Italy's claim on the Adriatic lands. In May 1915 he published anonymously Il diritto d'Italia su Trieste e l'Istria: documenti, in which he claimed that Italy had the "right and duty to the integration of its national unity and Adriatic dominion." In this volume Salata attempted to prove that the Italian right to Istria was based on history, rather than "on the wings of Dante's and Carducci's poetry." The documents provided by Salata started with the 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio and terminated with the 1882 Triple Alliance, although there were also indirect references to Rome and Venice.
In both the war and interwar period, Salata was employed as both an historian and administrator of the contested regions. In the first month after Italy's entry into the war, Salata entered the Secretary General for the "Civic Affairs at the Supreme Command of the Army in the War Zone" (Segretariato generale per gli affari civili presso il Comando supremo dell'esercito in zona di guerra), and was increasingly given more responsibilities. He eventually became the vice-secretary of the agency.
In the meantime, the Austrian authorities retaliated on his wife Ilda Mizzan and his daughter Maria, who were incarcerated for more than a year, from 1916 to 1917. There would be dire consequences for his wife, who died of tuberculosis in 1922, after years spent between sanatoriums and resting places.
After the war, Salata took part in the Paris Convention of 1919, to produce material supporting Italy's claim, and contest those of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. In 1919 he was named 2nd class prefect. He later gained more power, and was entrusted with the direction of the Ufficio centrale delle Nuove provincie. He also became Councilor of State. Salata endeavored to adapt the newly annexed territories to Italy, but also to preserve the positive aspects of the autonomy those territories had had under Austria. Because of this, he clashed with less liberal, prominent politicians. The latter opposed any concessions to the minority German speaking and Slavic speaking populations. At this time, Salata's moderatism and liberalism were being threatened by the growing nationalism and fascism.
Salata always had the strong support of Prime Minister Nitti, and was likewise supported by Giovanni Giolitti, who employed him in the negotiations that led to the signing of the treaty of Rapallo in 1920. A few days after the treaty, Salata was named senator. During the first Bonomi government, Salata's sway decreased. However, he was able to establish regional advisory panels, which were open to the prominent local political personalities of the different areas, including from the minorities, which were given the duty of studying and approve the process of annexation of the new territories to Italy.
He was criticized and verbally attacked by the fascists, who made propaganda against him and in 1922 attacked the car in which he was travelling with his daughter during a visit to Trento. The fascists celebrated the suppression of the Ufficio centrale delle Nuove provincie by the Facta government, which took place on 17 October 1922. The latter event paved the way for the definitive annexation of the terre irredente, without regard to the local population, its language, culture and administrative practices.
In 1924 Salata published his extensive work on Oberdan, Guglielmo Oberdan secondo gli atti segreti del processo: carteggi diplomatici e altri documenti inediti, which was republished simply as Oberdan in a reduced version in 1932. In this work Salata defends the Italian full-bloodedness of Oberdan with arguments "that are not very persuasive." Salata claims that Oberdan's mother, Gioseffa Maria Oberdank, had been “Italian for many generations" and thus "in the martyr’s veins there ran no mixed blood, but purely Italian blood, both from his mother’s and his father’s side." The book was well received in Fascist Italy. After publishing his book on Oberdan and other treaties such as L'Italia e la Triplice: secondo i nuovi documenti austro-germanici (1923), Salata was employed by Mussolini and the Italian regime as an expert in archives and historian "of patriotic inspiration". He was appointed to several prominent positions in the Italian academic world. He obtained the Fascist Party card ad honorem in 1929, on the occasion of his speech in Pisino (Pazin), and was signed to the National Fascist Uninon of the Senate (Unione nazionale fascista del Senato). As an intellectual of the regime, he legitimized fascism as the heir, or continuator, of the Risorgimento. He then published many books on history and politics, including several books on the king of Sardinia Charles Albert. Salata praised Mussolini in his Il patto Mussolini: storia di un piano politico e di un negoziato diplomatico (1933).
In 1934 he was invited to Vienna (where, in spite of his irredentist ideas, he was still held in high esteem ), to work on the creation of the Istituto Italiano di Cultura, of which he became the director in 1935. In 1936 he became Italian ambassador to Austria. In this capacity he embarked on a ruinous policy of safeguarding Austria's autonomy and later independence from Germany. In order to support Italy's aggressive policies, he published Il nodo di Gibuti: storia diplomatica su documenti inediti (1939), Nizza fra Garibaldi e Cavour: un discorso non pronunciato e altri documenti inediti (in Storia e politica internazionale, rassegna trimestrale) in 1940. In 1943 he was named President of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate.
Salata died in 1944 in Rome, a few months before the city was liberated by the Anglo-American troops.
Works
* L'antica diocesi di Ossero e la liturgia slava: pagine di storia patria, Martinolich, Pola 1897
* Il diritto d'Italia su Trieste e l'Istria, documenti, Bocca, Turin 1915
* Guglielmo Oberdan secondo gli atti segreti del processo: carteggi diplomatici e altri documenti inediti, Zanichelli, Bologna 1924
* Per la storia diplomatica della Questione romana, Treves, Milan 1929
* Carlo Alberto inedito: il diario autografo del re, lettere intime ed altri scritti inediti, Mondadori, Milan 1931
* Maria Luigia e i moti del trentuno: documenti inediti da archivi austriaci, Fresching, Parma 1932
* Oberdan, Mondadori, Milan 1932
* Re Carlo Alberto e l’istituzione del Consiglio di Stato: propositi politici e riflessi diplomatici; con note e documenti inediti (essay) in Il Consiglio di Stato: studi in occasione del centenario, I, Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato, Rome 1932
* Il patto Mussolini: storia di un piano politico e di un negoziato diplomatico, Mondadori, Milan 1933
* Da Carlo Alberto a Vittorio Emanuele II (essay) in Rassegna storica del Risorgimento, Libreria dello Stato, Rome 1935
* Lettere di Carlo Alberto a Federico Truchsess, Le Monnier, Florence 1937
* Il nodo di Gibuti: storia diplomatica su documenti inediti, ISPI, Milan 1939 | WIKI |
Heighton
Heighton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jim Heighton (born 1944), Canadian football player
* Steven Heighton (born 1961), Canadian novelist and poet
* William Heighton (19th century), leader of the Philadelphia Working Man's Party | WIKI |
Surprise Surprise (Billy Talent song)
"Surprise Surprise" is the second single by Billy Talent from their fourth studio album, Dead Silence. It was released on August 7, 2012 on iTunes.
Song information
On July 21, 2012, the band announced via their Tumblr account that they had spent the day filming the music video for their next single, although they were unsure of exactly when it would be released.
Much of the footage for the video was shot at the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum in Hamilton, Ontario.
Jonathan Gallant, the band's bassist, shared this via his Twitter account:
"Video shoot for our next single is happening now. Its gonna be awesome! Fighter planes, flying sharks, hipsters a pig man... What a life!"
The music video was released October 12. 2012.
Music video
The music video starts off with Ben, Ian, Aaron, and John in a military conference room, after their commanding officer dismisses them, the band each heads toward their separate fighter planes, the song begins after the "Pig Man" squeals, when the band reaches the Pig City inhabited only by hipsters. The band starts to destroy the Pig Man's army of flying sharks, the Pig Man gets into a giant flying snake, when the guitar solo starts, the back of Ian's fighter jet gets bit off by a flying shark, causing him to crash. When the guitar solo finishes, Aaron starts to shoot at a flying shark with an MP5, Aaron's target flies behind John, causing Aaron to shoot John's plane multiple times, John crashes into the side of a building, Aaron's plane immediately gets destroyed by a flying shark. Ben, the last man standing, is left to fight the Pig Man one-on-one, after a small firefight, Ben's ultimate fate is a kamikaze into the flying snake. | WIKI |
Talk:Moolam Thirunal
Naming convention
Please follow wiki naming conventions--activevoid (talk) 12:16, 27 September 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Advaiti Management.pdf/87
day work of creating value-addition by using two resources that Society makes available to their business enterprise, namely Money and People, is relevant in capitalist or communist systems.
The real movers are the people and their becoming Trustees is the way for
the future of Mankind. That will be the Indian contribution in the field of Management literature.
82 � | WIKI |
Opinion | Immigrant Detentions
Letter To the Editor: Re “Immigration Arrests Rise Sharply as Agents Carry Out a Trump Mandate” (news article, May 18): Reports of the sharp rise in immigrant arrests by the Trump administration come as no surprise to advocates and lawyers who have responded to the demand for legal assistance recently, and the mothers, fathers and young people across the country who have watched as their family members are locked up in immigration jails. For each media report of someone who is arrested and detained after a traffic stop or at a courthouse, there are many more people who are also being swept up at their homes, often late at night, in their neighborhoods, and sometimes along highways or inside local government buildings. Immigration and Customs Enforcement is arresting immigrants and locking them up in remote jails and prisons, where they are being rushed through deportation proceedings and exiled from the country quickly without access to lawyers or a fair day in court. These arrests serve no other purpose than to sow fear and distrust in communities, rip families apart and betray the basic American values of due process. MARY MEG MCCARTHY, CHICAGO The writer is executive director of the National Immigrant Justice Center. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Hardy Brothers
Hardy Brothers is a specialty retailer and private company of fine jewellery, timepieces and decorative arts in Australia. Its historic products are now highly collectible and are held in state and national collections. It is the only Australian jewellery business to hold a royal warrant and since 1980 until has produced the Melbourne Cup.
History
Hardy Brothers was founded in 1853 by Jeweller John Hardy, an Englishman newly arrived in Sydney, NSW, Australia. In 1855, the business moved to Hunter Street, Sydney, NSW and remained there until 1935. In 1894, the business expanded to Queensland with the opening of a store in Queen Street, Brisbane (now heritage-listed as the Hardy Brothers Building).
A store was opened in Collins Street, Melbourne, in 1918. In 1929, Hardy Brothers were appointed jewellers by royal warrant to His Majesty King George V. The business remained in family control until 1974 and was then taken over in 1980 by Qintex and controlled by that company until 1988. It was then bought by the McKinney family and lastly by Wallace Bishop in 1997. Wallace Bishop is a family owned jewellery company established in 1917 and now run by the fourth generation. Stuart Bishop is the current CEO.
Managing directors
* John Hardy
* Walter Hardy
* Percy Hardy
* Richard Hardy
Chief executives
* Jack Leckie
* Harry Quayle
* Arthur Sims
* John McKinney
* Stuart Bishop
Stores
* 189 Edward Street, Brisbane
* 60 Castlereagh Street, Sydney
* 338 Collins Street, Melbourne
* 47 King Street, Perth
* Shop 2707 Pacific Fair Shopping Centre, Gold Coast | WIKI |
Page:The private memoirs and confessions of a justified sinner (IA privatememoirsco00hoggrich).pdf/52
of the mob was meant to have been directed, knew nothing of this second uproar, till the noise of the sally made by the Whigs assailed their ears; being then informed that the mob had attacked the house on account of the treatment they themselves had given to a young gentleman of the adverse faction, and that another jovial party had issued from the house in their defence, and was now engaged in an unequal combat, the sparks likewise flew to the field to back their defenders with all their prowess, without troubling their heads about who they were.
A mob is like a spring-tide in an eastern storm, that retires only to return with more overwhelming fury. The crowd was taken by surprise, when such a strong and well-armed party issued from the house with so great fury, laying all prostrate that came in their way. Those who were next to the door, and were, of course, the first whom the imminent danger, assailed, rushed backward among the crowd with their whole force. The Black Bull standing in a small square half way between the High Street and the Cowgate, and the entrance to it beg by two closes, into these the pressure outward was simultaneous, and thousands were moved to an involuntary flight they knew not why. | WIKI |
GCSE Computer Science/Data storage
Formats
Show understanding that sound (music), pictures, video, text and numbers are stored in different formats - 2016 CIE Syllabus p10
Sound (music), pictures, video, text and numbers are stored in a variety of different formats depending on what is being stored.
Error Detection
Identify and describe methods of error detection and correction, such as parity checks, check digits, checksums and Automatic Repeat reQuests (ARQ) - 2016 CIE Syllabus p10
Parity checking
Parity checking is one method used to check whether data has been changed or corrupted following transmission from one device or medium to another device or medium. The parity of a number is either odd or even, and in a parity check extra 'bits' are added so that the number of 1s are either always odd or always even.
One way, it works is by allocating one bit out of each byte of data to be a parity bit (also known as check bit) before transmission occurs. Even or odd parity is decided between the sender and receiver. A byte with even parity has an even number of 1s in it. Conversely, a byte with an odd parity has an odd number of 1s. Take for example the following byte in which the first bit has been omitted. If a sender has agreed to even parity then we note there is currently an even number of 1s in the byte so the first bit should have 0 in it. If the sender had agreed to odd parity the first bit should have a 1 in it. If a byte is sent with one parity and received with another an error must have occurred and the receiver can ask for the data to be resent.The problem with this method is that it is impossible to find out which bit has the error. i.e. any of the bits could have changed during transmission. Furthermore if more than one bit is changed the byte can retain the same parity. For example the following two bytes have the same Odd parity even though they clearly do not carry the same data.
A parity block can be used to actually locate the error and correct it, assuming only on bit has changed in each row and column. Assuming even parity has been agreed to in the following example. As highlighted above it can be seen that there is an error in the bit 7 row and byte 3 column. They intersect at (bit 7, byte 3). Therefore that bit can be corrected to be a O and the error is corrected by the receiver. Since if more than one but change an error might not be given other methods are needed when error checking transmitted data.
Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
This uses an Acknowledgment (this is a message sent by the receiver to indicate that the message has been sent out correctly) and a Timeout (this is the time that is allowed to elapse before the acknowledgment is received). If an acknowledgment is not received by the sender from the receiver the message is automatically resent.
Checksum
* Data is sent in blocks and an additional value called the checksum is also sent.
* The maximum value that can be stored in one byte is 255. The value 0000 0000 is omitted in the following process.
If the sum of all the bytes is <= 255 the checksum is this value otherwise the following process is carried out.
* 1) The value is divided by 256 and the quotient is found (divide and truncate).
* 2) The new whole number value is multiplied by 256
* 3) The difference between the original sum of all bytes and the value found using this algorithm is found. This is the checksum.
Text files
Text and number file formats
* Uses lossless file compression.
* Text is usually stored as ASCII.
numbers can be stored as:
Picture files
Joint Photographic Experts Group (jpeg)
Picture resolution is the level of detail a picture has - it is often measured in pixels per centimetre. A uncompressed image is called a Raw bitmap. The bitmap image is reduced by a factor of 5 to 15 depending on its original quality when being converted to JPEG.
* JPEG is a lossy file format for images.
* The reduced file size leads to reduced quality. JPEG relies on properties of the human eye (for example, the human eye can not discern between colours when they reach a certain point of similarity) and, up to a point, no real loss of quality is observed.
* A 3-megapixel photo is an image that is 2048 pixels wide and 1536 pixels tall i.e. 3145728 pixels (hence it is slightly larger). Since each pixel contains 3 colours (red, green and blue) the total file size is $$3\times3$$ megabytes = 9megabytes.
Sound files
Show understanding of the concept of Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) files, JPEG files, MP3 and MP4 files - 2016 CIE Syllabus p10
Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
MIDI is a communication protocol that allows electronic musical instruments to communicate with each other. It consists of a list of commands that instruct a device on how to produce a particular sound or note. MPEG-3 (MP-3) MPEG-4 (MP-4)
* The MIDI files are not music and do not contain any 'sounds' hence they are very different to MP3 files.
* It uses 8-bit serial transmission and is asynchronous.
* MIDI operates on 16 different channels (numbered 0 to 15) which can all be used at the same time i.e. 16 devices all playing a different line in a song using a music sequencer.
* MIDI files are much smaller than MP3 files and that makes them ideal for storing music files where storage is an issue i.e. storing ringtones on a mobile phone.
* Each MIDI file has a specific sequence of bytes:
* The first byte is the status byte - informs the MDI device what function to preform - encoded in this is also the MIDI channel.
* The pitch byte specifies the note to be played.
* The velocity byte specifies how loud to play the note
* This is all saved in a MIDI file with the file extension .mid
* It is a Lossy format.
* Uses audio compression software to convert music and other sounds into MP3 file format.
* Uses file compression software to convert CD files
* This greatly reduces file size (about 90%).
* This works through Perceptual music shaping which reduce sounds that the human ear can not hear properly i.e. removes the quieter sound if a louder sound is played at the same time. The human ear can only hear the louder sound.
* Bit rate is the number of bits used when creating a file. They are usually 80-320 kilobits per second; anything above 200 gives a sound quality close to the normal CD.
* It is a Lossy format.
* Can store music, videos, photos and animation (multimedia file format).
Lossless and Lossy file compression
Show understanding of the principles of data compression (lossless and lossy compression algorithms) applied to music/video, photos and text files - 2016 CIE Syllabus p10
Lossless data compression All the data bits from the original file are reconstructed when the file is uncompressed. This is important for files where any data loss would be a disaster, for example, a spreadsheet.
An example is in text files which where repeated words or sections of words can be also replaced with a something shorter i.e. 'the' can be replaced with '1'.
Lossy data compression
The algorithm eliminates unnecessary bits of data.
In MP3 files this is in the form of Perceptual music shaping. In JPEG files this is dependent on the limitations of human vision. In MP4 files a variety of methods are used such as removing some of the colour information in each frame. | WIKI |
Gordon Aylward
Gordon Hillis Aylward is an Australian chemical author. He is known for writing the SI Chemical Data book.
Biography
Aylward graduated on 20 May 1952 with a BSc (Honours) in Applied Chemistry from the then-new University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. Later he received a MSc from the same university, and continued to teach Analytical Chemistry for 13 years there. During that period he organized the Approach to Chemistry summer schools, together with his co-teacher dr Tristan Findlay. To support the course, they wrote the book SI Chemical Data as the textbook.
Later Aylward joined Macquarie University as Associate Professor and worked from 1970 till his retirement in 2005 in developing countries as a Science Education consultant for UNESCO, then for the World Bank and finally as a freelance Senior Science Education Advisor.
Published works
* Now in its 6th edition. | WIKI |
Trade of the Day: Diamondback Energy Inc (FANG) Stock Still Standing Strong
InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips
Diamondback Energy Inc (NASDAQ: FANG ) - This independent exploration and production company is centered primarily in the Permian Basin in West Texas and New Mexico. Standard & Poor's Capital IQ retains its highest rating, a "five-star" strong buy opinion, on the stock with a 12-month target of $138.
They raised their price target by $11 in mid-February, reflecting a 12.5X multiple of price times estimated 2017 operating cash flow. They are optimistic on FANG's reserve replacement potential (380% in 2016) and its financial strength. Diamondback's Q4 production was almost 9% above consensus, and Q4 earnings per share of 90 cents beat the Capital IQ view by 37 cents.
S&P expects FANG to exceed its current record earnings of $2.24 per share (2014) in each of the next several years even if crude oil prices are lower than those in 2014. They note that a responsible forecaster, Bentek Energy , forecasts an average per barrel of about $54 in 2017.
10 Hopeless Stocks to Wash From Your Portfolio Forever
Technically FANG stock is consolidating at $100 to $107 with a double top at $114 following an advance from the mid-$70s last year. The chart formation is of an ascending right triangle with the 50-day moving average at the mid-point of support about $103.
Since March, accumulation has been positive, and MACD issued a buy signal in late-March. A high-volume close above $107 could result in a successful run against the double top at $113-$114 and provide a trading target of $125. Therefore a purchase at $106 could achieve a trading return of over 17%.
Noting S&P's 12-month target of $138, investors could have a greater benefit from a long-term investment in Diamondback Energy.
Click to Enlarge
Tell us what you think about this article! Drop us an email ateditor@investorplace.com,chat with us on Twitter at@InvestorPlaceorcomment on the post on Facebook. Read more about ourcomments policy here.
The post Trade of the Day: Diamondback Energy Inc (FANG) Stock Still Standing Strong appeared first on InvestorPlace .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Note value
In music notation, a note value indicates the relative duration of a note, using the texture or shape of the notehead, the presence or absence of a stem, and the presence or absence of flags/beams/hooks/tails. Unmodified note values are fractional powers of two, for example one, one-half, one fourth, etc.
A rest indicates a silence of an equivalent duration.
List
Shorter notes can be created theoretically ad infinitum by adding further flags, but are very rare.
Variations
The breve appears in several different versions, as shown at right. The first two are commonly used; the third is a stylistic alternative.
Sometimes the longa or breve is used to indicate a very long note of indefinite duration, as at the end of a piece (e.g. at the end of Mozart's Mass KV 192).
A single eighth note, or any faster note, is always stemmed with flags, while two or more are usually beamed in groups. When a stem is present, it can go either up (from the right side of the note head) or down (from the left side), except in the cases of the longa or maxima which are nearly always written with downward stems. In most cases, the stem goes down if the notehead is on the center line or above, and up otherwise. Any flags always go to the right of the stem.
Modifiers
A note value may be augmented by adding a dot after it. This dot adds the next briefer note value, making it one and a half times its original duration. A number of dots (n) lengthen the note value by $1⁄2$ its value, so two dots add two lower note values, making a total of one and three quarters times its original duration. The rare three dots make it one and seven eighths the duration, and so on.
The double dot was first used in 1752 by J. J. Quantz; in music of the 18th century and earlier the amount by which the dot augmented the note varied: it could be more or less than the modern interpretation, to fit into the context.
To divide a note value to three equal parts, or some other value than two, tuplets may be used. However, see swung note and notes inégales.
Gregorian chant
Although note heads of various shapes, and notes with and without stems appear in early Gregorian chant manuscripts, many scholars agree that these symbols do not indicate different durations, although the dot is used for augmentation. See neume.
In the 13th century, chant was sometimes performed according to rhythmic modes, roughly equivalent to meters; however, the note shapes still did not indicate duration in the same way as modern note values.
Mensural notation
Around 1250, Franco of Cologne invented different symbols for different durations, although the relation between different note values could vary; three was the most common ratio. Philippe de Vitry's treatise Ars nova (1320) described a system in which the ratios of different note values could be 2:1 or 3:1, with a system of mensural time signatures to distinguish between them.
This black mensural notation gave way to white mensural notation around 1450, in which all note values were written with white (outline) noteheads. In white notation the use of triplets was indicated by coloration, i.e. filling in the noteheads to make them black (or sometimes red). Both black and white notation periodically made use of ligatures, a holdover from the clivis and porrectus neumes used in chant.
Around 1600 the modern notational system was generally adopted, along with barlines and the practice of writing multipart music in scores rather than only individual parts. In the 17th century, however, old usages came up occasionally.
Origins of the names
The British names go back at least to English renaissance music, and the terms of Latin origin had international currency at that time. Longa means 'long', and many of the rest indicate relative shortness. Breve is from Latin brevis, 'short', minim is from minimus, 'very small', and quaver refers to the quavering effect of very fast notes. The elements semi-, demi- and hemi- mean 'half' in Latin, French and Greek respectively. The chain semantic shift whereby notes which were originally perceived as short came progressively to be long notes is interesting both linguistically and musically. However, the crotchet is named after the shape of the note, from the Old French for a 'little hook', and it is possible to argue that the same is true of the minim, since the word is also used in palaeography to mean a vertical stroke in mediaeval handwriting. | WIKI |
anonymouse
Noun
* 1) a person who posts to an online forum, or otherwise distributes information anonymously | WIKI |
Tuesday, 23 September 2008
Abstract Factory Pattern
Purpose:
The Abstract Factory Pattern involves the following OO priciple: Depend upon abstractions, do not depend upon concerete classes.
Abstraction doesn't necessarily mean an Interface. It points to a super type. It could easily be an Abstract class.
Encapsulating Object Creation. But Why?
We all have been "newing" for a long time without worries. Now we say that its better to encapsulate object creation. How is it going to help us? We are "newing" anyways!
The problem is certainly not with "new". Its the change that brings all the change. We need a way to encapsulate all the related "newing" at a single place so that its not spread across the code. In this example, a NuclearOrdananceFactory(Factory) is entrusted with creating Bullets, Guns, and Bombs(Products). Whenever Russia or China(Client) needs to create Nuclear bombs it goes to the Factory. It simply creates relevant weapons. No hassles, no worries, no code duplication, and no maintenance nightmares.
Abstract. Why Abstract?
The Factory classes like NuclearOrdnanceFactory, and BiologicalOrdnanaceFactory implement an Abstract interface. This allows the Client to create a set of related products.
I am presenting to you the most common design pattern that is also widely mis-understood! I am trying to simplify things by giving you a code sample and a test fixture that explains the usage.
It involves three distinct participants: The Factory, The Product, and The Client. The following class diagram will help ease down things.
The following fixture explains the usage of the factory.
/*
*
* Date Created: 16-Sep-2008
* Author: SAHAY, Sanjeet, IDC
* Filename: AbstractFactoryFixture.cs
* Assembly: Sanjeet.Demos
* Project: Demos
* Purpose: The Abstract Factory Pattern involves the following OO priciple:
* Depend upon abstractions, do not depend upon concerete classes
*
*/
using NUnit.Framework;
using Sanjeet.Demos.Patterns.AbstractFactory.Client;
using Sanjeet.Demos.Patterns.AbstractFactory.Factory;
namespace Sanjeet.Demos
{
[TestFixture]
public class AbstractFactoryFixture
{
[Test]
public void CreateABiologicalCountry()
{
IOrdnanceFactory factory = new BiologicalOrdnanceFactory();
ICountry country = new China();
country.MakeWeapon(factory);
}
[Test]
public void CreateAChemicalCountry()
{
IOrdnanceFactory factory = new ChemicalOrdnanceFactory();
ICountry country = new UnitedStates();
country.MakeWeapon(factory);
}
[Test]
public void CreateANuclearCountry()
{
IOrdnanceFactory factory = new NuclearOrdnanceFactory();
ICountry country = new India();
country.MakeWeapon(factory);
}
[Test]
public void CreateAStrongCountry()
{
ICountry country = new India();
country.MakeWeapon(new NuclearOrdnanceFactory());
country.MakeWeapon(new ChemicalOrdnanceFactory());
country.MakeWeapon(new BiologicalOrdnanceFactory());
}
}
}
Cheers!
No comments: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Lenore (1885).djvu/13
was born in Baltimore in 1811. He graduated at the University of Virginia in 1826; and having spent a year in Europe, he returned to America, and was for a number of years editor of different magazines, among which was the "Broadway Journal." The poem of Lenore was always his favorite, and above his desk always hung the romantic picture of his loved and lost Lenore. He died in Baltimore in 1849. | WIKI |
American Revolution William Dawes 18 Apr 2013. Tensions ran high in America in April 1775. Warned by riders Paul Revere and William Dawes, Samuel Adams and John Hancock fled Lexington, a village on the.
26 Jan 2015. Today, Christopher Columbus is celebrated as a mythical hero by some. What he mostly did, though, was enslave and rape the natives he met, sold. The way Columbus and his men treated the women and children of these. U can't discover something that was already here where people were living.
“At two o'clock in the morning the land was discovered. As I saw that they were very friendly to us, and perceived that they could be much more easily.
In this video, Kim explores Columbus's background, his search for royal patronage, How did Christopher Columbus know that there was land west of europe?
John Tyler Community College Chester Va Longtime Orange Coast College baseball coach 56-year-old John Altobelli was also killed in the helicopter crash, according to. Longtime Orange Coast College baseball coach 56-year-old John Altobelli was also killed
Constitutional Convention Classroom Activities “Because the United States Constitution is the highest law of the land. Gone are the comparisons, labels, social pressures, and distractions that a regular classroom may bring. Parents can offer. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Category talk:Bus manufacturers
Tata motors
Tata motors is not listed as a manufacturer of buses. It is in fact the 2nd largest manufacters of buses in the world( Ref: http://www.tatamotors.com/our_world/profile.php) | WIKI |
Empowerment Through Preparation
by | Oct 22, 2018 | Patient Education, Patient Voice
Living with ME/CFS or fibromyalgia, important, energy consuming events can be absolutely overwhelming and impossible. In September’s education meeting, Linda Milne – a longtime patient and community member of the Bateman Horne Center – shares her knowledge about preparing for natural disasters, travel, and volunteering while living with chronic illness.
Empowerment through Preparation
Medical complications and natural disasters are never a good combination, but ME/CFS and fibromyalgia patients are especially vulnerable populations, as physical limitations make it unlikely that help will come. Therefore, it is critical that patients are self-sufficient when it comes to emergency preparedness.
Linda Milne explained three distinct scenarios in case of a natural disaster: sheltering in place, evacuating on foot, and evacuating by auto. While each scenario presents different challenges, clean drinking water is always a must. Each individual needs an ideal of three gallons of water per day, or a minimum of one gallon of water per day. Storing this much water can prove challenging, but it is one of the most important supplies; while people can survive many days without food, they cannot survive very long without water. With this in mind, we move to the first disaster scenario: sheltering in place.
Sheltering in Place
To shelter in place, individuals must have enough supplies to remain in the house for at least 14 days. Realistic challenges include no power, no safe drinking water, no toilet, no garbage collection, and no gas to purchase for the duration of the sheltering period. Therefore, key supplies include clean drinking water, food, first aid, bathroom tissue, and medication, as well as infant supplies and pet food where needed.
As human waste is toxic, it is very important to handle it properly. To maintain a healthy environment, Linda Milne strongly recommended that individuals line toilets with thick plastic bags for solid waste only. After use, these bags should be covered with kitty litter, sawdust, or disinfectant, and disposed of in a tin can with a tight-fitting lid (available at many hardware stores).
On Foot Evacuation
On foot evacuations require enough supplies per person for 96 hours, or four days and four nights. This should include sufficient water, sanitation supplies (optimally including a privacy tent), food and a way to cook it, first aid, a way to sleep, medications, infant and pet supplies, as well as a seasonal bag for rotating needs such as winter clothing.
Supplies must be packed in carts, not backpacks, as the water weight is otherwise unmanageable. Ideally, every person should have a cart of individual supplies.
As evacuation by foot can be physically challenging, Linda Miln advised everyone to reach out to nearby neighbors and ask for a commitment for them to check on you and help you in a crisis. In her experience, this offer has never gone refused, and it goes a long way toward ensuring safety when natural disasters combine with dangerous limitations or medical emergencies.
Evacuation by Auto
Finally, evacuation by auto involves scenarios where an individual or family has to rapidly evacuate in their car. To prepare for this, keep an emergency kit in every family vehicle with enough provisions for people caught in a rapid exit or experiencing a disaster away from home. Additionally, know what non-provision items you most want to take if you are given five minutes to evacuate.
Preparing for Travel
Moderate physical exertion, let alone days or weeks of travel, can often prove too much to handle when living with ME/CFS or fibromyalgia. However, Linda Milne believes that with careful planning and prioritizing, travel without relapse is possible.
The key is to spend time and money on the resources that prioritize health and comfort.
Linda Milne went on to give many examples of energy-efficient strategies she used in a recent trip to Europe that enabled her to enjoy her trip and avoid a crash. These strategies include: hiring a local friend to help navigate transportation systems, using hop-on, hop-off buses for easy access to sightseeing destinations, reserving railway seats, purchasing comfortable hotel rooms, visiting a modest number of destinations, and devoting generous evening time to rest and low-effort activities. In the future, she plans to hire a travel adviser, who is a specialist very willing to plan a trip with clients in any level of detail and work with any limitations.
Most of all, Linda Milne emphasized the importance of a long, long runway of preparation. Her plans and packing took place over the space of many months, which she referred to as her “secret weapon for being functional in life,” not just in travel.
Preparing for Volunteering
While natural disasters are relatively uncommon, and traveling may also be fairly rare, volunteering is a very common way to find a greater sense of meaningful accomplishment. “If you’re feeling like life is small and confining,” Linda Milne encouraged the audience, “consider finding a purpose and a passion and finding a group to which you can donate an hour or two here and there.”
Volunteering in order to seek greater meaning can take many forms, from online volunteering to assisting local needs to pouring greater attention and love into family life. Regardless of the focus, volunteer work can be a powerful, flexible way to expand a life perspective.
[embedyt] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dy8jy45NnR8[/embedyt]
Emergency preparedness, traveling, and volunteering are challenging but empowering activities for individuals with ME/CFS and fibromyalgia. We gratefully thank Linda Milne for her insightful contributions, and invite everyone to join us online or in-person for our next month’s education meeting. Please sign up for our monthly newsletter or follow us Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to keep up to date on the latest news in ME/CFS and fibromyalgia.
By RachelBlack
0 Comments
0 Comments | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Main Profile
At A Glance
HEARING & Balance
Both hearing and balance occur within the ear. In hearing, sound waves pass from the outer ear into the auditory canal. They strike the eardrum, making it vibrate. These vibrations travel to the middle ear, setting into motion three tiny bones: the hammer, anvil, and stirrup. The vibrations continue through the cochlea and deep into the inner ear, which contain a fluid reservoir. As fluid ripples across membranes, it stirs tiny hairs connected to nerve endings. The stimulated nerve endings carry impulses into the brain where they are interpreted as sound. Also located in the inner ear is the equilibrium, or balance center. The center sends continuous messages about the body's position to the brain. This information helps us maintain balance.
Length: 01:02
Contact
Questions about HEARING & Balance
Want more info about HEARING & Balance? Get free advice from education experts and Noodle community members.
• Answer
Ask a New Question | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Physiology and Biophysics
Samira Moorjani Ph.D.
Research Assistant Professor
Ph.D., Biomedical Engineering
The University of Texas at Austin, 2010
Full size image OLD FACULTY PAGES
Engineering Strategies for Promoting Motor Plasticity and Repair
The idea that the damaged central nervous system (CNS)—in the presence of appropriate cues—can functionally reorganize itself is an exciting discovery of the twentieth century. We now know that many neuronal circuits presumed to be hardwired are not, and learning, acting and, even, thinking can change the state of genes to shape neuronal anatomy and behavior. This is a very significant shift from our previously-held static view of the CNS and has profound implications for the rescue of function after injury, disease or age.
Despite the remarkable capacity of the CNS for remodeling, the environmental cues that drive reorganization, neurogenesis and, consequently, repair often remain elusive. While the openness towards the adoption of technologies by neuroscientists has played a major role in advancing fundamental knowledge in the field, most motor injuries that profoundly compromise the quality of life lack both cures and effective ways of management. Yet recovery outcomes after motor damage produced by a stroke or spinal-cord injury can vary immensely across patients with similar injuries, perhaps due to different levels of motivation, enrichment and exercise, among other factors.
I am inspired by the potential of the damaged CNS for change. What are the cues that drive endogenous plasticity? How do these cues trigger reorganization and repair? How can these cues be harnessed to drive the system to a plastic state? To tackle these questions, I am leveraging my interdisciplinary research training to bring together ideas, approaches and technologies from widely diverse fields of knowledge.
We are exploring and combining innovative strategies—physical activity, closed-loop electrical stimulation (triggered by movement), environmental enrichment and targeted delivery of plasticity-enhancing neuromodulators (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, serotonin)—to engage diverse elements of the neuronal machinery for synergistically producing long-lasting strengthening of motor pathways in behaving monkeys and rodents. These approaches are validated in both healthy and spinal-cord injured animals for augmenting and rewiring the CNS. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Rietdijk–Putnam argument
contradictory
"If one of the people were walking towards the Andromeda Galaxy, then events in this galaxy might be hours or even days advanced of the events on Andromeda for the person walking in the other direction.[contradictory]"
It is not contradictory. It is the whole point of the argument! This is what special relativity tells us. Betaneptune (talk) 07:28, 9 September 2021 (UTC)
Indeed, the “contradictory” label was certainly placed with a great deal of confusion. Allow me to attempt some clarification: the paradox does not refer to events that are “really” simultaneous, and certainly not in any transitive sense (there is no contradiction because if person A right here right now thinks an invasion is happening “now” in the Andromeda galaxy and person B thinks only planning is underway, while both A and B are necessarily simultaneous because they are at the same point in spacetime, it does not imply that the invasion and the planning that causally precedes it somehow both take place simultaneously). It states that either one of two causally related events (planning and then invading) could be “taken to be” simultaneous by observers crossing paths a long distance away (one deducing that Andromeda is planning as we speak, the other deducing that Andromeda is invading as we speak). Neither observer is currently seeing any such events while looking through a telescope at the event in which they cross paths: on the contrary, by definition they would be receiving the same photons from Andromeda at that point in spacetime. But if each of them later sees the planning-invading events unfold millions of years later as light finally reaches them, and compute using the constant speed of light what the timing of these events would have been in their reference frame, (assuming that both observers continued to fall free in straight lines and are now possibly light years away from each other) then they could conclude that 1. Andromeda was planning at the “time” of the two observers meeting or 2. Andromeda was invading at the “time” of the two observers meeting. And it is possible that the two observers disagree.
Ultimately, as Betaneptune pointed out this September, the inevitable conclusion is that the very idea of simultaneity can not be well defined in absolute. (Though, come to think of it, we could get fairly close to some weak cosmic frame of rest by ruling out those observers that are so fast that they can measure a significative directional redshift in the microwave background, or taking the average speed of galaxy groups as an approximate local frame of rest. But once that background and eventually most galaxies themselves vanish into the cosmic horizon, we are back to square one. If you are close to the supermassive black hole of a galaxy, you can still bury your head in the sand and tell yourself this is the local frame of rest. But in case of a galactic collision in the far future, or the ultimate evaporation of the massive body before the heat death of the universe, you must sooner or later face the fact that your empirical frame of rest is nonetheless arbitrary.) In principle, for a very flat spacetime and observers free falling on straight lines, each could define their own simultaneity by slicing the spacetime with coordinate hyperplanes. In practice, the slicing becomes ill defined very quickly: a spaceship orbiting close to a black hole will not “see” Andromeda age back and forth thousands of years each second, instead the spaceship itself already “sees” everything outside age much faster than normal, and the rest of the universe would also appear to be heavily contracted in the direction of motion. Orbiting close enough to a massive enough body, simultaneity so utterly breaks down that it is much more useful to talk about the signals being exchanged between distant events and the timing of their reception. For they, fortunately, really do exist independently from the choice of frame.
Edit: This supports the argument presented in the article, it is the same to state that simultaneity is valid but relative therefore vastly more points of spacetime have to be considered as “real” than a mere three dimensional slice, than to say simultaneity is invalid and only coinciding objects (such as a signal reaching an observer) are “real” therefore the whole four dimensional landscape must be considered at once with local three dimensional hyperplane slicing consisting of mental pictures that help us make sense of things but that are not physical, much like coordinate systems are helpful but not physical <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:51, 12 November 2021 (UTC)
The picture is misleading. In a spacetime rotation, the time and space axes should "scissor" towards/away from each other. I assume this is what motivated the "contradictory" label: the text contradicts the picture. Aseyhe (talk) 07:25, 5 August 2022 (UTC)
Questions
"....How can there still be some uncertainty as to the outcome of that decision? If to either person the decision has already been made, then surely there cannot be any uncertainty. The launching of the space fleet is an inevitability." Come from?? This part quoted as coming from Penrose in the main Wiki article does not show up in the 1989 Book, see page 201, Referance given as source ref #4. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:54, 20 April 2009 (UTC) Pjacobi 09:26, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
* Penrose Quote? Where does the Penrose quote:
* Both names, Rietdijk-Putnam Argument and Andromeda paradox, seem not be used in scholarly writing about relativity. Can we get more evidence, that this is not a neologism we should avoid gibing an article. Isn't Relativity of simultaneity the right place for this stuff?
* Can we have other references than Vesselin Petkov, who is essentially advancing a one-person's theory of relativity, partially add odds with standard textbook results?
* What's the paradoxical about the "Andromeda paradox"?
* About the only reference: No representation is made by the archive on the accuracy or quality of preprints posted. The views and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not the Archive sponsors. With respect to the documents available from this server, the Archive sponsors make no warranty, expressed or implied, including warrants of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement, and the sponsors do not assume any liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information or material.
* Probably that that settles it. If no good reference can be given that shows at least its notability in some way, then this article should be deleted. Harald88 19:54, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
Answers
1. The name "Rietdijk-Putnam Argument" is commonly used in the philosophy of time. I have included a reference to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy where the extended name "Rietdijk-Putnam-Penrose Argument" is used.
2. Is relativity of simultaneity the right place for this article? I think the philosophical implications of the Argument entitle it to a separate entry although it does sit below relativity of simultaneity in the hierarchy of knowledge. Should relativity of simultaneity be put in the section Special relativity? If it should then this article should be put in the relativity of simultaneity article.
3. Other references have now been provided.
4. The Andromeda paradox is a form of the argument in which two people at the same place and instant have two different universes attached to them. It is paradoxical that for one of these people a space-admiral might be discussing an invasion whilst at the same instant, for the other person, an invasion is under way.
I hope this clears up the misgivings of Pjacobi and Harald88. These users seem to be new to the philosophy of relativity. The following links might be useful:
Persistence and spacetime http://www.phil.uga.edu/faculty/balashov/papers/polenbarn.pdf
Four dimensionalism http://fas-philosophy.rutgers.edu/sider/papers/4d.pdf
Oxford handbook of metaphysics http://www.nd.edu/~mrea/Online%20Papers/Four%20Dimensionalism.pdf
Physics in the real universe http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0605049
3D/4D equivalence, the twins paradox and absolute time http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/journals/analysis/preprints/McCALL.pdf
Rietdijk's work: http://www.xs4all.nl/~bcb/rietdijk30.html
Geometer 10:26, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
* I've read my Reichenbach and -- just IMHO and not quotable for any Wikipedia article -- must judge, that anybody who sees a paradox in this paradox is utterly confused. The foliation of spacetime into spacelike planes and time line is completely conventional. And no point in the elsewhere (neither in fwd nor in bwd light cone) Minkowski diagram can claim to be more simultaneous than another. --Pjacobi 10:30, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
* Hi there. It was Penrose who called it a paradox. I also think it is bog standard SR but the consequences are philosophically profound which is why it has been discussed in a couple of hundred philosophical papers and deserves an entry. The alternative is Presentism which is the normal idea of time amongst people who are unaware of relativity. Geometer 10:34, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
* As much as I otherwise like the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, that article is rather bad:
* This is an odd situation indeed. An event in Bob's future seems in some way to become fixed or inevitable by being in Alice's past.
* Ouch, everything outside your forward lightcone (which is independent of your velolicity, so it conincedes for Alice and Bob), is fixed and inevitable because nothing you can do now or in the future can have any effect there.
* Pjacobi 10:45, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
* The problem here is that the Stanford Encyclopedia is an encyclopedia of philosophy. Philosophers think that the relativity of simultaneity is "odd" because it suggests a block universe where concepts such as free will are questionable. But this is not really part of Rietdjik-Putnam where it is just pointed out that relativity implies that the universe really is four dimensional. ie: if special relativity is true then the universe is 4D. Geometer 15:23, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
* The question whether the physics imply determinism and realizing that no spacelike hypersurface is more "present" than any other is orthogonal. --Pjacobi 21:47, 15 October 2006 (UTC)
ANDROMEDA PARADOX --Pgb23 20:58, 9 February 2007 (UTC) With respect to the Andromeda paradox, although it does emphasise a somewhat disconcerting aspect of time, it is also important to clarify a possible misconception arising from the way it is conveyed. Although not explicitly intended, it is implied that an ordinary car driver can observe the future in Andromeda, compared to a stationary observer on Earth (the car would therefore be able to convey this information to Earth by an electromagnetic signal). In actual fact the car would have to have been travelling for as long as the light signal from Andromeda, so that both arrive at Earth at about the same time. It would be no good briefly increasing one’s speed, just in time to intercept the information from Andromeda, since General Relativity puts a limit on how fast any transformation of space-time (e.g. gravity waves) can propagate over a given distance (viz. the speed of light). This is possibly overlooked in many Special Relativity discussions and indeed even in the Twin Paradox it is necessary for the rocket to return back to Earth in order to complete/fulfil the ’jump in the time’ that elapses as a result of the rocket reversing its direction. When the car in the Andromeda, paradox increases its speed from being stationary, the Lorentz transformation of its time coordinates only extend beyond him at a rate equal to the speed of propagation of electromagnetism and he would therefore need to cover a large distance/time for it to be valid all the way to Andromeda. In General Relativity there is a significant paradigm shift, since instead of employing the Special Relativity attitude of extended space-time, we use Einstein’s field equations, in which space-time itself, is malleable and personalised. Any such localised transformations in the space-time fabric can itself only propagate at the speed of gravity waves. The phase difference in time that becomes significant (even at slow speeds) over a great distance (Andromeda), does itself need a great deal of time to reach us and become observable data and the car must remain in motion throughout this time period.
Name
The names Rietdijk and Putnam occur only in the title. At the very least, to be in accordance with the Manual of Style, the article should begin in a fashion like this: "In late-night discussions on special relativity, the Rietdijk-Putnam argument is the argument that ...". That is, we need to see the name of the article back in some context. Then the name needs to be explained: "The argument is named after Penrose's two dogs, Rietdijk and Putname, who happened to be walking in opposite directions when he conceived of the argument." I'm not sure the references given meet the criterium of being reliable sources. -- --Lambiam Talk 15:56, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
* Your problem of sources is now answered. The problem of whether or not the world is a nD manifold is central to physics. Why are you insulting such eminent scientists and philosophers as Penrose, Putnam and Rietdijk? Geometer 10:26, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
Facts Disputed flag
I removed this because the facts were not disputed, Pjacobi wanted more explanation. Please provide it. The article agrees with what Pjacobi has said:
"Ouch, everything outside your forward lightcone (which is independent of your velolicity, so it conincedes for Alice and Bob), is fixed and inevitable because nothing you can do now or in the future can have any effect there."
But remember that this article is a description of the existence of the argument, it is not an attempt to argue for Stein's counter argument or even to argue for Putnam etc. Please explain what is factually incorrect about the article. If the article does not summarise Rietdijk, Putnam and Penrose's positions correctly then it should be put right. Geometer 15:16, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
* If you want to handle this more specifically, we can do it sentence by sentence. The first sentence:
* If special relativity is true then each observer will have their own plane of simultaneity that contains a unique set of events that constitute the observer's present moment.
* contains one misunderstanding and implies another. If it can be sourced, it must be attributed to someone specific. --Pjacobi 21:47, 15 October 2006 (UTC)
* If, as you suggest, you know how to correct this sentence, please do so. Please edit rather than placing a "factual inaccuracy" flag on the article! I am removing the flag in anticipation of your edit. Geometer 08:14, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
* Sorry, I don't have read the original articles giving this argument. All I can say, is that the exposition of their ideas in this article indicate a misunderstanding or a heterodox interpretetation of relativity. The best I can do, would be either to expose the orthodox view, but this would duplicate the article Relativity of simultaneity or propose it for deletion -- or ask you to address the raised the concerns. --Pjacobi 08:20, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
* 'This article is about the Rietdijk-Putnam argument, not about whether the argument is true or false.' Opinions on the truth or falsity of the argument would be original research. Geometer 08:26, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
* For this reason, statements that contradict orthodox interpretations of SRT have to be attributed. --Pjacobi 09:00, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
I think the whole Andromeda Paradox is incredibly misleadingly described. If two people are standing in the street, and one person starts walking away from the other, then he absolutely will not view events in the Andromeda galaxy which are two days apart. That's a nonsense. As an example, let's imagine you are viewing a supernova through your telescope. If you decide to move your telescope to the left by a couple of foot you don't suddenly see the supernova as it existed two days ago - before it exploded. Move your telescope - the supernova explodes; stop moving your telescope - the supernova doesn't explode. Obviously not the case.
* The paradox is about what events observers consider to be on their x-axes, no-one can observe such events, they can only observe things transmitted from the events like light. This does not mean that the events on the x-axes do not happen and, if you use SR to allow for the transmission of light and the effects of relative velocities you get the Andromeda paradox. (ie: Penrose is not stupid!).
If that was that case then the speed of rotation of Earth would dominate any relative velocity difference of two people walking in the street - people on one side of Earth would see the supernova exploding, while people on the other side of Earth would see the supernova two days earlier before it exploded. We'd see total confusion in space! Roger Penrose actually describes it misleadingly in his original description in his book: "Even with quite slow relative velocities, significant differences in time-ordering will occur for events at great distances" - well, that's absolutely not the case if the two observers are not spatially separated (see my earlier example about viewing a supernova).
* The paradox is about what events observers consider to be on their x-axes at any instant, not about the order in which photons are received. Penrose is not stupid.
* But the order in which photons are received defines what events the observers consider to be simultaneous. Remember the old special relativity thought experiment of an observer in a moving train sending two light pulses out to the back and the front of the train? He says the rays arrive simultaneously precisely because he sees the photons arrive at the same time (of course, it's not just limited to light - the speed of light provides an upper limit for any information). It's that speed of light which defines that x-axis to which you refer. I know Penrose is not stupid, but this Andromeda Paradox makes the mistake of overestimating the effect of special relativity on two walking observers. As I say, the rotation of the planet would have a far greater effect than any walking velocity! Penrose has made a mistake here.
* The debate is about the geometrical rather than the dynamical interpretation of SR. Both observers get the light arriving in the right order and the car receives the same light signals as the man on the street while they coincide. The issue is a philosophical enquiry into the nature of the geometrical interpretation of SR - if the world is a (3+1)D manifold then, although the x axes of the man and the car coincide where they meet they diverge with distance by $$vx/c^2$$ seconds with distance along the man's x axis. The x-axis is on the hyperplane of things that are simultaneously present so, according to the geometrical interpretation, the car has different events on Andromeda in its present moment from those on Andromeda in the man's present moment.
If two people in the street are not spatially separated then they WILL agree about simultaneity (though one might experience time dilation - his clock might be running slower). And if the two observers are not spatially separated AND their relative velocities are small then there will be absolutely NO difference of opinion about simultaneity - in the Andromeda galaxy on anywhere else - OR time dilation. Basically, their experiences will be identical. I think the whole presentation of this "paradox" is desperately flawed and is misleading and basically incorrect in its current form as presented here. The only way that small relative velocities would have an impact (as suggested by Roger Penrose) is if the two observers are also separated by a great distance (i.e., the combination of small relative velocity IN COMBINATION with a long time for light to reach the observers from a distant galaxy has resulted in the observers being far apart when the two signals reach them - so they disagree about simultaneity - this agrees with the comments of Pgb23 above: "In actual fact the car would have to have been travelling for as long as the light signal from Andromeda ... It would be no good briefly increasing one’s speed."). The Rietdijk-Putnam argument is fascinating and fundamental, but - with the greatest respect for Roger Penrose - the "Andromeda Paradox" is just plain misleading in this form and should be rewitten or (preferably) deleted.Andrewthomas10 22:59, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
* This discussion shows that:
* (1) The paradox is an interesting, documented problem in physics that deserves a place in Wikipedia.
* (2) That it leads to some stimulating debate about the problem of simultaneity.
* The interpretation given in the article is the standard interpretation - the two observers are considered to be simultaneously at the same place but moving relative to each other. Their relative velocity gives them differing planes of simultaneity. Incidently, Penrose hated this standard interpretation and considers the conclusion although implied by SR to be unacceptable! That said, the article is just standard SR and the objections are philosophical. It might be interesting to extend the article with the various philosophical dissenting views...Geometer 13:55, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
No, I think the Andromeda Paradox is badly flawed for the reasons I give above and does not deserve a place in Wikipedia. However, the Rietdijk-Putnam argument is generally accepted and correct. Andrewthomas10 13:05, 30 May 2007 (UTC) Can I just say I have changed my mind about this, and I now think the article is correct. It's not well described, though. Andrewthomas10 (talk) 15:33, 23 January 2014 (UTC)
Reversions - Edit war by Pjacobi
Nastyyy.. I only wanted to add an article to explain an interesting area of philosophy. I hate this edit warring business. I am out of here. Bye Geometer 08:26, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
* For heavens sake, I've removed the tag, without my concerns answered. But you're the best candidate to enhance this article. --Pjacobi 09:07, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
Criticise for irrelevance all you like, but I feel the need to point out that this article contains the most awesome picture on the entirety of Wikipedia.
I'd give you a barnstar for humour if there was one, lol Cls14 17:41, 21 August 2007 (UTC)
The relativity of simultaneity and the Andromeda paradox.
The illustration of the Andromeda Paradox is explained only by reference to the Wiki article on Special Relativity and to a Wiki book. The article on Special Relativity veers between the simplest example of relativity and mathematical theorems. There is nothing apparent there (without studying the subject in depth) that provides the necessary reference to the example given in this article. Could somone please either add a specific and detailed reference or provide a concise explanation for the example given?
LookingGlass (talk) 20:30, 18 October 2012 (UTC)
Diagram is wrong
The explanation in the diagram is backwards. In SR, the more one moves through space, the less one can move through time. Therefore it is Monday on Andromeda for the moving observer, and Tuesday for the stationary observer. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Irthomasthomas (talk • contribs) 10:18, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
* It is even worse. The concept of an entity "moving in time" or "moving in space" is conceptually flawed, since the time as well as the space coordinates depend on the relative motion states of observers. There is no way to define "time" or "space" without fixing one observer and relating her coordinate system to another observer through a Lorentz transformation. Also, there is no such thing as a "stationary" observer. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tigelriegel (talk • contribs) 21:17, 17 January 2020 (UTC)
* No, if the car is moving towards Andromeda, then it is later, Tuesday in this example, for the driver than for somebody standing next to the passing car (for whom it is Monday on Andromeda). [Btw, if the car is driving away from Andromeda, it's Sunday for the driver.] - The "in SR, the more one moves spatially, the less one moves through time" has nothing to do with it (the latter means that for the standing person, time is dilated in the car (and btw also the other way around)). But the diagram is still (and utterly) wrong because the coordinate system for the car is rotated to the left, instead of changed according to the Lorentz-transformation. Also, on Andromeda, Tuesday (with the decision made) comes before Monday (before the decision) in the diagram, which is obviously wrong. Relativity (and reality) doesn't work that way. --Felix Tritschler (talk) 16:13, 5 October 2020 (UTC)
The catch in Roger Penrose's argument
In his presentation of the Andromeda Paradox, Roger Penrose made a fatal mistake when he states: "Then they can hark back to that chance encounter, and come to the conclusion that at that time, according to one of them, the decision lay in the uncertain future, while to the other, it lay in the certain past."
At the time of their encounter both "see" -- if at all that would be possible -- and agree upon what has happened about 2.5 Mio years ago in the Andromeda Galaxy (which is about 2.5 Mio light years away from Earth) and not what happens there at the same time as both meet.
Thereby Penrose contradicts the two preceding sentences with the correct statements: "In fact neither of the people can yet know of the launching of the space fleet. They can know only later, when telescopic observations from Earth reveal that the fleet is indeed on its way."
This will be 2.5 Mio years after their encounter and then the two persons will disagree on what happens in Andromeda, if they keep their state of motion for the whole time, because then they will be several light days apart (about 4 light days, if their relative velocity is constantly 5 km/h for 2.5 Mio years in the direction of Andromeda). In this situation, however, they cannot communicate instantaneously anymore.
If the one closer to Andromeda, say Bob, would in the moment he sees the invasion fleet launching from Andromeda take his phone and call the second person, say John, to tell him about it, the phone signal would need under best conditions 4 light days to travel to John. So, when John hears his phone ring and picks up, the light of the invasion fleet launching towards the Earth would reach him in this moment, too, and he would agree to Bob: "Yes, you are right, I also see the invasion fleet leaving Andromeda". So, what?! Where is the paradox?
The fault in Roger Penrose's argument is to mix the two instances: the encounter of Bob and John in the park and the actual observation of the fleet launching from Andromeda by Bob 2.5 Mio years later at a location which is 4 light days away from the park where Bob and John had their encounter.
There is no relatevistic effect in this scenario other than the finite speed of light. No time dilatation or space contraction has to be taken into account, because the relative velocity for all protagonists (Bob, John, and the fleet commanders in the Andromeda Galaxy) is very small.
The formula to calculate the distance in light days between Bob and John after 2.5 Mio years can very easily be derived like this:
L (distance to Andromeda): 2.5 Mio light years
t (time for light to travel L): L/c = 2.5 Mio years
d (distance between Bob and John after t for a relative velocity of v = 5 km/h): vL/c = 2,500,000 x 365.24 x 24 x 5 km
Δt (time light needs to travel d): (vL/c)/c = (2,500,000 x 365.24 x 24 x 5) km / (300,000 x 3,600 km/h) ≈ 0.8 x 24 x 5 light hours = 4 light days.Rolf108 (talk) 10:47, 18 November 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Emmanuel Jambo
Emmanuel Jambo is a South Sudanese photographer based in Nairobi, Kenya. He is among the most sought after photographers in East and Central Africa and is popularly known for taking the official Kenyan president Uhuru Kenyatta's official portrait. In 2012, Emmanuel was recognized by Forbes Magazine as one of the most influential photographers in Africa, and later on named the official photographer for Kenya's President Uhuru Kenyatta.
"Its always good to look for something different, that is how you make a mark for yourself. Work for the art. Be real or artistic about things, money will come. Also it's not all about equipment, investing in expensive equipment doesn't necessarily make you a better photographer."
- Emmanuel Jambo | WIKI |
24
I have a database in Postgresql, which was migrated from SQL Server (only data).
On SQL Server, a table from this database has these columns:
measure_id
datum
measure
where measure_id is auto-incremental primary key, datum is datetime and measure is float.
After migration in Postrgresql, measure_id is column of type bigint.
How can I change this column (measure_id) to bigserial and assign it as primary key, now that my table is full of data?
3 Answers 3
30
Create a sequence and use it as the default value for the column:
create sequence measures_measure_id_seq
owned by measures.measure_id;
alter table measures
alter column measure_id set default nextval('measures_measure_id_seq');
commit;
That essentially what serial does.
See the manual for details:
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-SERIAL
Starting with Postgres 10, the recommended way is to use standard compliant identity columns, rather than serial (or bigserial).
alter table measures
alter measure_id add generated always as identity;
In both cases, you will have to adjust the sequence to match the current maximum value in the measure_id column:
select setval(pg_get_serial_sequence('measures', 'measure_id'), max(measure_id))
from measures;
5
• Ok, thanks. Can you just drop a note what does owned by measures.measure_id do?
– zetah
Oct 9, 2014 at 6:06
• @zetah: Quote from the manual (the link I added): "the sequence is marked as "owned by" the column, so that it will be dropped if the column or table is dropped"
– user1822
Oct 9, 2014 at 6:11
• 2
Ah, all right it's just like a decoration. I mentioned that table already has data, but newly created sequence wont respect already present data and will start counting from 1, which will error on first new insert for unique constraint. So if anyone else is reading this it's more correct to use CREATE SEQUENCE seq START WITH x where x is last row (SELECT MAX(measure_id)+1 FROM measures in my case)
– zetah
Oct 9, 2014 at 6:23
• 1
@zetah Thanks for this update. How would you write a query in that case? I tried CREATE SEQUENCE seq START WITH (SELECT MAX(measure_id)+1 FROM measures); but this does not seem to be the correct way. Mar 1, 2016 at 11:46
• What you're trying to do is : select setval('sequenceX', (select max(table_id)+1 from table), false) Found here : stackoverflow.com/questions/2022559/…
– HydrUra
Apr 26, 2019 at 9:10
5
I see that the question is already marked as solved, however, as pointed out in the comments, it is missing the case where there are existing records that already have some values set in the relevant column.
I'll list some other cases as well.
I'm doing this for a table called products which is present in the public schema. The auto-increment is being done for the id column of this table.
1. For a non-existing column
-- auto-increment constraint for a new column
ALTER TABLE public.products
ADD COLUMN id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY;
2. For an existing column that got no values in the table
-- create sequence
CREATE SEQUENCE public_products_id_seq OWNED BY public.products.id;
-- use sequence for the target column
ALTER TABLE public.products ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('public_products_id_seq');
3. For an existing column that already got some values in the table
-- create sequence
CREATE SEQUENCE public_products_id_seq OWNED BY public.products.id;
-- set the current value of the sequence to the max value from that column
-- (id column in this scenario)
SELECT SETVAL('public_products_id_seq', (select max(id) from public.products), false)
-- use sequence for the target column
ALTER TABLE public.products ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('public_products_id_seq');
Documentation references for CREATE SEQUENCE and SETVAL
1
I'm posting this because since PG10 serial syntax has been replaced by generated always|default as identity to make it SQL Standard compliant, so it changes things a bit. Now you don't have to define the sequence that Postgres internally uses to manage the autoincrement values.
For an existing column that already got some values in the table (PG10+)
-- Let's suppose we have a table like this
create table my_schema.my_table (
my_serial_col integer primary key,
another_column varchar
);
-- With this sentence we convert primary key column to autoincrement
alter table my_table alter my_serial_col add generated always as identity;
-- Let's check the name of the autogenerated sequence, just in case
select pg_get_serial_sequence('my_schema.my_table','my_serial_col');
-- Let's suppose the name of the sequence was my_schema.my_table_my_serial_col_seq1
-- This sentence updates the sequence to it's next value
select SETVAL('my_schema.my_table_my_serial_col_seq1', (select max(my_serial_col) from my_schema.my_table), true);
Note: last sentence's true value is used to tell the sequence that next time it's invoked it should give the next value to the one used to update it with the setval() function. So the last instruction would be equivalent to this one:
select SETVAL('my_schema.my_table_my_serial_col_seq1', (select max(my_serial_col)+1 from my_schema.my_table), false);
Your Answer
By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service and acknowledge you have read our privacy policy.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Linux man Command Tutorial for Beginners (8 Examples)
A very useful aspect of the Linux command line is that the documentation for almost all command line tools is easily accessible. These documents are known as man pages, and you can easily access them through the command line using the man command.
In this tutorial, we will discuss the basics of man using some easy to understand examples. But before we do that, it's worth mentioning that all examples in this article have been tested on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS machine.
Linux man command
The man command gives users access to manual pages for command line utilities and tools. Following is the syntax of this command:
man [command/tool name]
And here's how man's own manual page describes it:
man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals
man is the system's manual pager. Each page argument given to man is
normally the name of a program, utility or function. The manual page
associated with each of these arguments is then found and displayed. A
section, if provided, will direct man to look only in that section of
the manual. The default action is to search in all of the available
sections following a pre-defined order ("1 n l 8 3 2 3posix 3pm 3perl 5
4 9 6 7" by default, unless overridden by the SECTION directive in
/etc/manpath.config), and to show only the first page found, even if
page exists in several sections.
The table below shows the section numbers of the manual followed by the
types of pages they contain.
1 Executable programs or shell commands
2 System calls (functions provided by the kernel)
3 Library calls (functions within program libraries)
4 Special files (usually found in /dev)
5 File formats and conventions eg /etc/passwd
6 Games
7 Miscellaneous (including macro packages and conventions), e.g.
man(7), groff(7)
8 System administration commands (usually only for root)
9 Kernel routines [Non standard]
A manual page consists of several sections.
Conventional section names include NAME, SYNOPSIS, CONFIGURATION,
DESCRIPTION, OPTIONS, EXIT STATUS, RETURN VALUE, ERRORS, ENVIRONMENT,
FILES, VERSIONS, CONFORMING TO, NOTES, BUGS, EXAMPLE, AUTHORS, and
SEE ALSO.
Following are some Q&A-styled examples that should give you a good idea on how the man command works.
Q1. How to use man command?
The basic usage of man is very simple - just run the command with the name of the tool whose reference manual you want to access.
man [command/tool name]
For example:
man ls
Q2. How to make man display manual page from specific sections?
As already mentioned in the beginning, all available manual pages are segregated into sections, and there are sections that contain man page entries of same name. To make things easier for you, the man command lets you directly access manual pages from specific sections, something which you can do by just specifying the section number before the command/tool name.
man [section-num] [command/tool name]
For example:
man 3 printf
Q3. How to lookup for manual pages and print short descriptions as well?
While going through Q&A 2, one may ask how to remember section numbers for manual entries with the same name. Well, you don't have to do that as there exists a command line option 'f' that allows man to display all manual pages that match the name in the input.
For example:
man -f printf
Here's the outptut the above command produced on my system:
How to lookup for manual pages and print short descriptions as well
So you can see all entries with name 'printf' - along with section numbers - were displayed in the output.
Q4. How to make man display all manual pages for a given input?
Now, what if you want man to display one by one all manual pages corresponding to a given input? Well, that's possible, and you'll have to use the -a command line option for it.
For example, if you want to serially view all man pages for 'printf', you can do that in the following way:
man -a printf
The above command will first open the printf man page from section 1, and when you quit it, the command will ask you if you want to view the next 'printf' man page.
How to make man display all manual pages for a given input
Q5. How to make man search considering input as regular expression?
In case you want the man command to search and list manual pages by considering input as a regular expression, you can do that using the -k command line option.
man -k [command/tool name]
For example:
man -k printf
Here's the output the above command produced on my system:
How to make man search considering input as regular expression
Q6. How to make man display location of manual pages?
In case the requirement is to only know the location of manual pages, you can force man to do this by using the -w command line option.
man -w [command/tool name]
For example:
man -w printf
Following is the output this command produced on my system:
/usr/share/man/man1/printf.1.gz
Q7. How to make man display manual pages in Web browser?
Use the -H command line option for this.
man -H[browser-command] [command/tool name]
For example:
man -Hfirefox printf
Q8. How to make man command case sensitive?
By default, the man command ignores case while searching for manual pages. However, if you want, you can enable case-sensitivity using the -I command line option.
man -I [command/tool name]
Conclusion
So you can see man is an extremely important command that users - both newbies and pros - should know how to use. We've just scratched the surface here, as the tool offers a lot of features. Practice these first, and when you are done, head to the man's manpage for more info.
Share this page:
Suggested articles
1 Comment(s)
Add comment
Comments
By: antm
Finally, a useful man page. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Female-Impersonators 1922 book scan.djvu/70
50 scientific knowledge of themselves. Until thirty years ago, American and British public opinion would not tolerate the publication of the facts about androgynism even for circulation among the medical profession. Havelock Ellis's Sexual Inversion, the earliest published book in the English language on androgynism, was promptly suppressed by the British government thirty years ago. I myself had to bend the knee for eighteen years to medical publishers before my was fed into the printing-press in 1918.
Thus, because full-fledged men have interdicted to cultured androgynes the means of understanding themselves and knowledge of how they ought to pass their lives, some—particularly those who have achieved places of honor, because androgynes of lower rank do not need to be so crafty in hiding their terrible secret from the heartless world—have ultimately been revealed guilty of recourse to the immature (because they could not screw up their courage to disclose their abnormality to an older and wiser male). But on account of the tyranny of the full-fledged, these erring androgynes merit mercy. Their offences have probably not been at all harmful to the immature. They are merely asserted to be so by men unable to accept any scientific results except those inculcated by mediaeval savants. But this one offence of androgynes will be a thing of the past when they are permitted recourse to books which explain the riddle of their lives, and when full-fledged men read such books in order that they may do justice to Nature's step-children.
As already stated, ultra-androgynes, having a | WIKI |
Page:Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996 from Government Gazette.djvu/109
Schedule 1—National Flag
The national flag is rectangular; it is one and a half times longer than it is wide. It is black, gold, green, white, chilli red and blue. It has a green Y-shaped band that is one fifth as wide as the flag. The centre lines of the band start in the top and bottom corners next to the flag post, converge in the centre of the flag, and continue horizontally to the middle of the free edge. The green band is edged, above and below in white, and towards the flag post end, in gold. Each edging is one fifteenth as wide as the flag. The triangle next to the flag post is black. The upper horizontal band is chilli red and the lower horizontal band is blue. These bands are each one third as wide as the flag. | WIKI |
Adding Trace Information to a PowerShell Ping Tool
Posted on March 13, 2015 by Jeff Hicks in PowerShell with
In a previous article, I started us down a path of discovery and exploration. We have a task to create a ping sweep tool in PowerShell. My hope is that along the way you will learn a few new things. As I said last time, the journey is its own reward. If you missed the previous article, take a moment to get caught up. When we left off, we had a rudimentary PowerShell script that would ping a range of IP addresses.
PowerShell Ping Sweep Tool Article Series
1. Building a Ping Sweep Tool with PowerShell
2. PowerShell Ping Sweep Tool: Adding Parameter Validation
3. Adding Trace Information to a PowerShell Ping Tool
4. Identifying a Computer Name with a PowerShell Ping Sweep Tool
5. Building a PowerShell Ping Sweep Tool: Adding a Port Check
Eventually, we will want the user to be able to specify the variable values as parameters, so let’s look at these next. Although I have defined a subnet variable, I’m really not using it in the working code, where the $subnet variable is a placeholder for me. I could ask the user to enter a value like 172.16.30 and change the working code to this:
I think that’s a bit awkward. Creating the IP address is okay, but asking the user for a network value of 172.16.30 is a bit odd, as we would normally consider it to be 172.16.30.0. Let’s assume that is the type of value we expect. This is a good practice by the way: don’t force the user to have to conform to your scripting needs. You should write scripts that fall within normal expectations. If $subnet is 172.16.30.0, how do I get rid of the last .0? There are a few different ways to achieve this, but let’s try this.
I’m going to split the string into an array using the period as the delimiter.
Splitting the string into an array in Windows PowerShell. (Image Credit: Jeff Hicks)
Splitting the string into an array in Windows PowerShell. (Image Credit: Jeff Hicks)
All we need are the first three elements of the array.
Grabbing the first three elements in our array. (Image Credit: Jeff Hicks)
Grabbing the first three elements in our array. (Image Credit: Jeff Hicks)
Finally, I can rejoin them using a period as the separator.
Rejoining the elements in the array. (Image Credit: Jeff Hicks)
Rejoining the elements in the array. (Image Credit: Jeff Hicks)
Great. This becomes a new variable.
And I can revise the code in my loop accordingly.
The next item of business is to make the output more meaningful. Right now my code is writing true or false to the pipeline. Yes, I’m using Write-Host so I can see what IP address is being tested, but otherwise I have no context for the results. Because Test-Connection with –Quiet is writing a Boolean value to pipeline, I can use an IF statement.
If Test-Connection is true, then PowerShell will display the IP address, otherwise I get nothing. Here’s the current state of my script:
Script output in PowerShell. (Image Credit: Jeff Hicks)
Script output in PowerShell. (Image Credit: Jeff Hicks)
That’s not too bad. If I want to test a different subnet or range of addresses, I have to modify the script. However, I can easily turn them into parameters because I have variables already defined.
I left in values as defaults if the user doesn’t specify something else. The $base variable is not a parameter because it is derived from the $subnet parameter. Now I can test the script with different values. I prefer to test in the PowerShell console and not the ISE because of potential scope errors.
The command used the default subnet value but different values for start and end. While there’s nothing wrong with using this as a script, I think it gets a bit cumbersome when using it as part of a larger PowerShell expression. With that said, let’s turn this into a function. We declare the function before the parameters:
And at the end of the script insert a closing }. Boom. You just made a basic PowerShell function. Before we go on, a quick word about naming. I believe it is a scripting best practice to use the standard verb-noun naming convention we have for all other PowerShell commands. The verb should be something you see when you run Get-Verb. I thought Test seemed the most appropriate.
The noun should be the “thing” you doing something with. In our case, I am interpreting a ping sweep as testing a subnet. Therefore, I chose Subnet for the noun. If you think your noun is common enough that it might conflict with another cmdlet, then use a prefix with the noun. Most people use either their initials or company abbreviation. For example, if your function is doing some sort of test with a process, you might want to avoid using Test-Process and instead go with Test-JHProcess or Test-PetriProcess.
Let’s wrap up this stage of our journey with my function, such as it is now.
There are a few things I want to point out. First, I have assigned a type to all of the parameter values. This ensures that PowerShell will treat each value appropriately. This is another best practice. You’ll also notice that my parameter names are meaningful and not cryptic like A and Z. While it doesn’t apply in this scenario, if your function needs a parameter for something that is similar to other cmdlets, use the more commonly used parameter name. If your function needs a parameter to indicate the name of a computer, use Computername because that is used in many cmdlets. Don’t go off on your own and create a parameter called Sys or Machine. It makes your command less discoverable and less intuitive. If in doubt, use Get-Command to see where your proposed parameter is being used.
Using the get-command cmdlet in Windows PowerShell. (Image Credit: Jeff Hicks)
Using the get-command cmdlet in Windows PowerShell. (Image Credit: Jeff Hicks)
To use the function in the console, you need to dot source the script. Then you can run it like any other command.
Using test-subnet in Windows PowerShell. (Image Credit: Jeff Hicks)
Using test-subnet in Windows PowerShell. (Image Credit: Jeff Hicks)
The last change I made was to include the [cmdletbinding()] attribute. By doing so, PowerShell will treat the function like a cmdlet which means among other things built-in support for -Verbose.
Sponsored
I didn’t like having Write-Host always cluttering the screen, so I changed that line to use Write-Verbose. Now when I run Test-Subnet and include –Verbose, I will see the verbose output.
The verbose output in Windows PowerShell. (Image Credit: Jeff Hicks)
The verbose output in Windows PowerShell. (Image Credit: Jeff Hicks)
This is a great way of adding trace information to your function which can be invaluable when it comes time to troubleshoot or debug.
We’ve come a long way today but I know there is more you can learn from this project, so I hope you’ll watch for the next article.
Tagged with , , , , ,
Register for this Webinar
How Replication Supports Your Company’s RTOs & RPOs
Join us for this free webinar
Can you have your workloads running within the agreed RTOs? Join this webinar with expert speakers from Veeam to exceed business objectives with an RPTO<15 min for ALL of your application and data.
Thursday, December 14, 2017 at 11 a.m EST | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hadar, Iran
Hadar in Iran may refer to:
* Hadar, Khoy (هدر - Ḩadar), West Azerbaijan Province
* Hadar, Salmas (هدر - Ḩadar), West Azerbaijan Province | WIKI |
Diogeno
Etymology
From, from.
Proper noun
* 1) Diogenes,, notably borne by , an Ancient Greek philosopher (c.412-c.323 BC), the most famous of Cynic philosophers | WIKI |
%3D grafy a vrstevnice clc; clear; [X,Y]=meshgrid(-10:0.4:10); [X2,Y2]=meshgrid(-3:0.2:3); R=sqrt(X.^2+Y.^2)+eps; R2=sqrt(X2.^2+Y2.^2); Z=sin(R)./R; Z2=X2.*Y2.*exp(-2*R2); figure(1) colormap([0 0 0]) % colormap(jet) meshc(X,Y,Z) axis square figure(2) colormap(jet) surfc(X2,Y2,Z2) axis square shading interp colorbar figure(3) colormap(jet) pcolor(X2,Y2,Z2) axis square shading interp colorbar figure(4) colormap([0 0 0]) contour(X2,Y2,Z2,15) axis square shading interp figure(5) colormap([0 0 0]) contour3(X2,Y2,Z2,15) axis square shading interp figure(6) colormap(jet) pcolor(X2,Y2,Z2) shading interp hold on contour(X2,Y2,Z2,15,'k-') axis square hold off [GX,GY]=gradient(Z2); figure(7) colormap([0 0 0]) contour(X2,Y2,Z2,15) hold on quiver(X2,Y2,GX,GY) hold off shading interp figure(8) contour3(X2,Y2,Z2,30) surface(X2,Y2,Z2,'EdgeColor',[.8 .8 .8],'FaceColor','none') grid off view(-15,25) colormap cool | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
File:DaveRudabaugh2.jpg
Summary
http://api.ning.com/files/wKyu0ulPfyuQIlkSNJeH-DBNpuPWxC6oZ*C*XwbVYWqWSETXONlE-UtJ-GR2Js39IE5sP-fnJacht*jxESbpgCVcy-H0Ril5/DirtyDaveRudabaughshotdeadbyWyattEarpandDocHolliday.JPG?width=450&height=600
The site claims no copyright. Photo is of a subject who died in 1886, and is surely pre-1923. | WIKI |
Factors associated with mortality in bacteremic patients with hematologic malignancies.
Mario Tumbarello, Teresa Spanu, Morena Caira, Enrico Maria Trecarichi, Luca Laurenti, Eva Agostina Montuori, Luana Fianchi, Fiammetta Leone, Giovanni Fadda, Roberto Cauda, Livio Pagano
Risultato della ricerca: Contributo in rivistaArticolo in rivistapeer review
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective cohort study to identify risk factors for mortality in a large cohort of hematologic patients with bacteremia. From 2000 through 2005, bacteremia was diagnosed in 217 patients with hematologic malignancies. The infections were caused only by Gram-positive organisms in 57.1% (124/217) cases and only by Gram-negative bacteria in 37.8% (82/217); the remaining 5.1% (11/217) were polymicrobial. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 20.3% (44/217). In multivariate analysis, significant predictors of mortality were prolonged neutropenia (P < 0.001), acute renal failure (P = 0.002), nosocomial bacteremia (P = 0.009), age >55 years (P = 0.007), and monomicrobial bacteremia due to antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (P = 0.009). Reducing fatal outcomes associated with bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancies is a challenge, and the emergence of resistance to the antimicrobials widely used in this setting is of great concern. Future infection trends must be carefully monitored and treatment guidelines adjusted accordingly.
Lingua originaleEnglish
pagine (da-a)320-326
Numero di pagine7
RivistaDiagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Volume2009
Stato di pubblicazionePubblicato - 2009
Keywords
• bacterema
Fingerprint
Entra nei temi di ricerca di 'Factors associated with mortality in bacteremic patients with hematologic malignancies.'. Insieme formano una fingerprint unica.
Cita questo | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
BURDEN OF KNOWLEDGE: Tracking Prenatal Health; In New Tests for Fetal Defects, Agonizing Choices for Parents
Fetal genetic tests are used routinely, and, while couples say they are profoundly grateful for new information, they are also hugely burdened by choices they are forced to make; availability of tests earlier in pregnancy means that if they opt for abortion, it can be safer and less public; first they must decide what defect is enough to end pregnancy; many new treatments are available for birth defects, but decisions still weigh heavily; doctors and genectic counselors provide scientific data, but ultimate decision rests with parents, who rarely find find someone to turn to with similar dilemma; whatever they choose, couples are exposed to judgments from all sides; wide range and early timing of prenatal tests are raising concern among some bioethicists and advocates for disability rights who argue that medical community is sending message to patients to guard against children with disabilities; some people who have been opposed to abortion will make exceptions for themselves but are left agonizing over their decisions; doctors and genetic counselors say decisions hinge on complex equation that includes perception of disability; chart and illustrations show timing of specific tests; photos (L) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Latvian parliament elects former judge Levits president
RIGA (Reuters) - Latvia’s parliament elected former European Court of Justice judge Egils Levits as the Baltic country’s next president on Wednesday, a largely ceremonial role that also brings with it limited political powers. Levits won the support of 61 lawmakers in the 100-seated parliament. He will serve four years starting on July 8, when incumbent president Raimonds Vejonis’ term comes to an end. The president of Latvia has mostly ceremonial functions but can propose new bills and nominate candidates for prime minister. The president is appointed through the parliament votes rather than popular elections. Reporting by Gederts Gelzis, writing by Johan Ahlander; editing by Niklas Pollard | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Start with CUDA Start with CUDA programming
Hi All,
I’m new with CUDA programming. I have tried to write a simple program of multiply two matrices (e.g. M and N) but no success so far.
The main error that I have obtained is:
error C2065: ‘threadIdx’: undeclared identifier error C2228: left of ‘.x’ must have class/struct/union
I have did the following to build my program:
I have installed CUDA toolkit 3.0 and then CUDA SDK
I have tested the installation by running some CUDA example and it is work.
Im trying to write simple program to multiple two matrices (M and N).
1. Using Microsoft Visual Studio C\C++, I have created new project—> Win32 Console Application.
2. Identify the path of CUDA toolkit and CUDA SDK libraries (include and lib) files in the VC++ directory as the following VC++ -->Tools—>Options—>project and solutions–>VC++ directories 3. Write a program for two matrices multiplication. The structure of the program as the following
Main program (cpp extension) consists from:
(1) matrix parameters identification ( for example width= height=8)
(2) input the matrices element values
(3) Allocate host memories for the needed matrices (i.e. M, N and P)
(4) Call the multiplication function
(5)Free host Matrices (M and N).
Multiplication function (cu extension) consists from:
(1) Allocate device memory for the needed matrices(Md, Nd and Pd)
(2) Copy the two matrices that want to be multiplied from host to device
(3) Setup the execution configuration
(4) invoke the (the kernal) that would multiply the two matrices in parallel. The Kernel in cu extension.
(5) Copy the result matrix from device to host
(6) Free device matrices
Kernel consists from
(1) Identify the thread
(2) Do the multiplication condition
The errors that I got are:
Error
Fatal error C1083: cannot open include file: ‘shrUtils.h’: No such file or directory when I remove #include <shrUtils.h> from the program, I get:
Error
error C2065: ‘threadIdx’: undeclared identifier error C2228: left of ‘.x’ must have class/struct/union
the same error for threadIdx.y
error C2059: syntax error: ‘<’
Any Help would be appreciated.
Thanks
Hus
Hi Again;
The program has been solved by copying one of SDK examples and paste it on the same folder. Then delet it and insert my codes and it is working!!
I think my problem is how to create a proper template contains CPP and CU extensions…Any Help about this issue?
How to create a new project or template that suitable with CUDA programing?
What I usually do is opening Microsoft Visual Studio C++: File—>New---->project---->Win32 console application.
Then add cu file to the source code list and write my kernel function on it? Obviously this doesn’t work with me…
any comments or adivses?
Thanks
Hus
CUDA code has to be compiled using NVCC. The SDK samples do this using a custom build rule in Visual Studio - right click on the .cu file and select properties - in Configuration Properties -> General select “CUDA Build Rule” for “Tool”. Hope this helps.
Thanks Simon,
I’ve done your advise and it is working but just inside SDK samples program.
How can I create a template of CUDA vs wizard?
There are some websites recommend to download such a program to integrate CUDA template with visual studio wizard?
any advise regarding this issue?
Hi Hus,
Please see the post for adding the cuda build rules to visual studio
[post=“0”]http://forums.nvidia.com/index.php?showtopic=167890[/post]
Then add the cuda build rules to the project you have created. Also you have to add the CUDA include and lib path to the visual studio or project. Alos you have to include the inc and lib in the GPU Computing SDK folder to Visual Studio or Project.
Thanks Sijo, it was helpful. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Albert Sinabov
Albert Nikolaev Sinabov (Алберт Николаев Синабов; born 2007) is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays as a forward or midfielder for Augsburg.
Club career
Born in Ruse, Bulgaria, Sinabov began his career with local side Ariston Ruse - the team his father, Nikolay, had formed. After his family moved to Germany in 2017, he joined the academy of professional side Augsburg, representing the club up to under-12 level before moving to 1860 Munich at the age of eleven.
International career
Sinabov has represented Bulgaria at under-15 and under-16 level.
Style of play
A centre forward at club level, Sinabov is also capable of playing as an attacking midfielder, which he has done for the youth teams of Bulgaria. While at 1860 Munich, he was compared by a coach to former German international Franz Beckenbauer for his presence on the pitch. He has also been noted for his athleticism and footwork on the ball, while his anticipation and decision-making have also earned praise.
Personal life
His brother, Alekzandar-Boris, is also a footballer, and currently plays for TSV Buchbach. | WIKI |
Duplicate numbers on y-axis of line chart
Hi guys, recently I faced a problem and there are duplicate values on the y-axis of my line chart. can anyone please help me?
More info or some minimal code would help folks suggest solutions Goli. See this helpful post https://community.plotly.com/t/how-to-get-your-questions-answered-on-the-plotly-forum/40551
I saw at least one past solution, if you ran a search, that might give clues?
For example… what yaxis properties are in your code, or are those the defaults?
Is this screenshot showing your full range of y data, or are these low compared to other values?
Are you using one trace or multiple traces? If multiple, do your number formats match (like are they all floats?)
y axis is showing vulnerability number per day and can be None, 0, and any other positive number. When numbers are more than 5 it shows correctly but for numbers, up to 4 or 5, it shows duplicated.
rangemode=“tozero”,
tickformat=’,d’,
these are the attributes of the graph too. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How to Clear Cookies in Microsoft Edge: A Step-by-Step Guide
Learn all about how to manage cookies in Microsoft Edge including how to clear the cache and delete cookies.
We receive compensation from the products and services mentioned in this story, but the opinions are the author's own. Compensation may impact where offers appear. We have not included all available products or offers. Learn more about how we make money and our editorial policies.
Your browser stores cookies as a way to identify you and your internet history. Cookies help websites provide personalized experiences, but they’re also used to create highly targeted ad campaigns.
If you’d like to clear cookies in Microsoft Edge, then this is the guide for you. Keep reading to learn the step-by-step process for deleting and enabling cookies, how to block cookies entirely with an ad blocker, as well as how to clear your cached data.
In this article
How to clear cookies in Microsoft Edge
How to enable or disable cookies in Microsoft Edge
How to clear cache in Microsoft Edge
How to clear cookies on Internet Explorer 11
How to enable cookies in Internet Explorer 11
How to clear your Internet Explorer 11 browser cache
Microsoft Edge cookies FAQs
Bottom line
How to clear cookies in Microsoft Edge
There are two options to clear cookies in Microsoft Edge. You can choose to delete all of your cookies or only delete cookies from specific websites. Let's go over how to delete all cookies first.
How to delete all Edge cookies
1. Open the Edge browser.
2. Select the horizontal three dots in the upper right corner of your browser window.
To reach the cookie settings menu in Microsoft Edge, click the three horizontal dots in the top-right corner of your browser window.
3. Click Settings.
4. Choose Privacy, search, and services.
5. Scroll down to Clear browsing data and find Clear browsing data now.
In the Microsoft Edge settings menu, choose the Privacy, search, and services option to begin deleting your cookies.
6. Click Choose what to clear.
7. A time range will appear, and you can choose a time range from the list. (What you select will delete cookies collected from the chosen timeframe.)
When clearing your Microsoft Edge browsing data, select "Cookies and other site data" and tap Clear now to delete your browser cookies.
8. Choose Cookies and other site data.
9. Click Clear now.
Now you've deleted cookies and other site data. Keep in mind, this will cause your browser to log out of most of your accounts.
Do you use other browsers along with Edge? Learn how to delete cookies in Google Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
How to delete cookies from specific websites
If you only want to delete cookies from one site, then you can follow these steps:
1. Open the Edge browser.
2. Click the three horizontal dots in the upper right corner of your browser.
To reach the cookie settings menu in Microsoft Edge, click the three horizontal dots in the top-right corner of your browser window.
3. Select Settings.
4. Choose Cookies and site permissions.
5. Under the Cookies and data stored section, select Manage and delete cookies and site data.
To clear cookies from a specific website in Microsoft Edge, choose the Cookies and site permissions option in your Settings menu.
6. Click on See all cookies and site data.
Select See all cookies and site data to see all the cookies stored on your device and which sites created them.
7. Scroll through the list to find the site whose cookies you want to delete.
8. Once you find it, click on the down arrow to the right of the website name.
Scroll through the list of sites that stored cookies on your device until you find the one you want to delete, then click the down arrow to show all of that site's cookies and delete them.
9. Choose Delete by clicking on the trash can icon.
Cookies for the site are cleared once you hit Delete. You can repeat these same steps to delete cookies from other sites as well.
How to set up Microsoft Edge to automatically delete cookies
Some people prefer to delete cookies every time they use the internet. However, it's a bit tedious to delete cookies after every browser session. But, luckily, there is a way to automatically delete cookies every time you close the Microsoft Edge browser.
1. Open the Edge browser.
2. Select the three horizontal dots in the upper right corner of the browser.
3. Choose Settings.
4. Click Privacy, search, and services.
You can set up Microsoft Edge to automatically delete all cookies once you close the browser.
5. Under Clear browsing data, select Choose what to clear every time you close the browser.
6. Choose the Cookies and other site data toggle to turn it on.
Toggle the option to automatically delete cookies and other site data on.
After you set this feature up, cookies and other site data get deleted every time you close the Microsoft Edge browser. (But don't forget this will also sign you out of your online accounts.)
How to enable or disable cookies in Microsoft Edge
Besides deleting cookies, you may prefer to disable cookies entirely. If you prefer your privacy, disabling cookies can stop sites and third parties from tracking your online activities. There are some cons to this option, primarily because it may cause some sites to not load properly.
Let's review how to disable or manage cookies in Edge. If you change your mind in the future and want to enable cookies again, you can follow these same steps to turn them back on.
1. Open the Edge browser.
2. Select the three horizontal dots in the upper right corner of your browser.
3. Choose Settings.
4. Click Cookies and site permissions.
You can re-enable cookies in Microsoft Edge by visiting the Cookies and site permissions section of your Settings menu.
5. Choose Manage and delete cookies and site data.
6. To disable cookies (1), turn on Block third-party cookies.
To enable cookies (2), turn on Allow sites to save and read cookie data.
To block cookies from a specific site (3), add the desired site's web address under the Block section.
Microsoft Edge lets you disable or enable cookies, and also has an option to block cookies from a specific website.
Sometimes a site does need third-party cookies to run properly. In this case, Edge may give you a prompt asking if you want to allow a third party to have access to cookies and site data.
If you select Allow, then the third party is granted 30 days of temporary access before it automatically expires. If you would like to remove it sooner, then you’ll need to clear it manually.
You can also disable cookies by using an ad-blocker extension or a virtual private network (VPN) with ad-blocking capabilities. Ad blockers can block pop-up ads and web blocking to enhance your online privacy. Here are some of our recommendations for Microsoft Edge:
• NordVPN Threat Protection: We deemed NordVPN Threat Protection to be the best overall ad blocker for Microsoft Edge. On top of blocking ads and trackers, Threat Protection also offers URL trimming to remove tracking parameters from websites you visit.
Get NordVPN | Read Our NordVPN Review
• Total Adblock: If you're looking for a free ad blocker, Total Adblock is a great option. It's an easy-to-use browser extension, and it effectively blocked tracking ads during our testing.
Get Total Adblock | Read Our Total Adblock Review
• Surfshark CleanWeb: Surfhshark is an affordable VPN, and it can block ads, trackers, cookie consent requests, and more thanks to its CleanWeb feature. It also allows for unlimited simultaneous connections, so you can block cookies on any number of devices.
Get Surfshark | Read Our Surfshark Review
Customizable Coverage That is Simple to Use
5.0
Editorial Rating
Learn More
On NordVPN's website
VPN
NordVPN
Up to 72% off 2-year plans + a Saily eSIM data gift
• Ultra-secure, high-speed VPN complete with malware protection and automatic blocking of intrusive ads and third-party trackers
• Other benefits include a premium password manager, dark web monitoring, and access to IP-restricted content
• 3 plans to choose from for custom protection on up to 10 devices
How to clear cache in Microsoft Edge
Cached data is slightly different from cookies. Where cookies track your online history, cached data stores information from websites you've visited to make them load faster the next time you visit. However, you may want to clear your cache to free up disk space or if a webpage isn't loading properly.
Here’s how to clear the cache in the Edge browser:
1. Open the Edge browser.
2. Select the three horizontal dots in the upper right corner of your browser.
To reach the cookie settings menu in Microsoft Edge, click the three horizontal dots in the top-right corner of your browser window.
3. Click Settings.
4. Choose Privacy, search, and services.
5. Under Clear browsing data, tap Choose what to clear.
6. Select Cached images and files.
In the Clear browsing data menu, check Cached images and files to delete your Microsoft Edge cache.
7. Click Clear now.
After you've completed these steps, the Edge browser will delete the selected cached data.
There’s a shortcut for deleting your cache in Microsoft Edge: Ctrl + Shift + Del opens a window to clear the cache.
How to clear cookies on Internet Explorer 11
Internet Explorer stopped receiving support from Microsoft on June 15, 2022. Microsoft recommends upgrading to the Microsoft Edge browser for better and more secure browsing.
If you still use Internet Explorer 11, here are the steps to take to clear your cookies.
1. Open the Internet Explorer browser.
2. Select the Tools button at the top right corner.
3. Hover over Safety to open a new menu.
4. Then choose Delete browsing history.
5. Click Cookies. (You may need to uncheck Preserve Favorites website data to delete cookies from websites you’ve saved.)
6. Select Delete browsing history.
This action deletes all cookies stored on the Internet Explorer browser. You can also choose to delete your browsing history or form data during this process.
How to enable cookies in Internet Explorer 11
If you're looking to block cookies or enable cookies in Explorer, here are the steps to do it:
1. Open the Internet Explorer browser.
2. Select the Tools button at the top right corner.
3. Click on Internet Options, which will open a new window.
4. Choose the Privacy tab.
5. Select the Advanced button, which will open a new window called Advanced Privacy Settings.
6. Select the options relevant to your needs. Your choices range from Allow, Block, or Prompt First-party and Third-party Cookies.
How to clear your Internet Explorer 11 browser cache
The cache contains completely different files than cookies. Cached data includes copies of webpages, images, and media to make websites load faster the next time you visit. You may want to delete cached data to make room for more disk space or if a website isn't loading new updates.
Here are the steps you need to take to clear the Internet Explorer browser:
1. Open the Internet Explorer browser.
2. Select the Tools button at the top right corner.
3. Hover over Safety to open a new menu.
4. Then choose Delete browsing history.
5. Select Temporary Internet Files. (You may need to uncheck Preserve Favorites website data to delete cached data from websites you have saved.)
6. Click Delete.
Microsoft Edge cookies FAQs
+
How do I delete browsing history in Microsoft Edge?
You can delete browsing history in Microsoft Edge by following these steps:
1. Select the three horizontal dots in the upper right corner of the browser.
2. Click Settings.
3. Choose Privacy, search, and services.
4. Select Clear browsing data and then Clear browsing data now.
5. Click Choose what to clear.
6. Under Time range, choose the timeframe you want to delete browsing history from your browser.
7. Select Browsing history.
8. Click Clear now.
You may need to turn off auto-sync if you only want to delete browsing history on one device instead of across your synced devices.
+
What does clearing cache do on Microsoft Edge?
Clearing cache on Microsoft Edge removes the copies of webpages, images, and media from the browser. These files are originally saved to make your connection speedier since it doesn't have to re-load websites from scratch.
Clearing the cache may be beneficial if you need more disk space or run into problems with a website not loading properly.
+
How do I view cookies in Microsoft Edge?
To view cookies in Microsoft Edge, you need to navigate to the controls for cookies.
1. Start by selecting the three horizontal dots in the upper right corner of the browser.
2. Choose Settings followed by Site permissions.
3. Select Cookies and site data which displays an option to See all cookies and site data.
4. Select the arrow to view all cookies saved on your device.
Bottom line
Clearing your cookies and cache is an important part of managing your browsing experience and protecting your online privacy. Managing your cookie settings enables you to control how your data is being used. Meanwhile, clearing your cache every once in a while could help with internet performance or troubleshoot webpage loading problems.
If you want to improve your Microsoft Edge browsing experience, you can read up on the best ad blockers for Microsoft Edge.
Leading Protection, Even on Smart TVs and Gaming Consoles
4.3
Editorial Rating
Learn More
On CyberGhost's website
VPN
CyberGhost
Save 83%
• High-speed global servers offering industry-leading 256-bit AES encryption and no data logs
• Unlimited bandwidth, DNS and IP leak protection, and automatic kill switch available for up to 7 devices
• Configurable with your router, smart TV, Amazon Fire TV stick, or gaming console
• No split tunneling feature on desktop
Author Details
Sara J. Nguyen is a freelance writer specializing in cybersecurity. She aims to help people protect their data while enjoying technology. She has written about online privacy and tech for over 5 years for several organizations. When she's not writing about the latest cybersecurity trends, you can find her on LinkedIn. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.