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Working with complex trauma and abuse
What if you are working with an adult who suffers from the effects of past trauma. Let’s say that they suffered physical, mental and sexual abuse. It shows up as major depressive bouts. Yet there is anxious distress too. At times there are departures from reality.
They reject any suggestions about mindfulness or meditation. They don’t want coping skills or similar techniques. How might you go about working with such a client, so that they experience lasting change?
In this article, I propose an approach that may be useful in a case like this.
It will cover 3 areas:
• Exploring the nervous system
• How her responses make sense
• Making change
Exploring the nervous system
Above is my “sideways triangle” model of the nervous system, based on Stephen Porges’ polyvagal theory. It shows the three autonomic states that the nervous system will move between.
The red and blue states represent the bodily response when there is a lack of safety. It is worth emphasising that these states are involuntary. In other words, the nervous system responds independently of the client.
Think of a time you were watching a thriller on TV. Something happens that makes you jump. You did not choose to jump. Your nervous system took over in service of your continued safety – a friendly hijack.
When the client is in a state of shut down or in a state of fight or flight, the same involuntary mechanism is at play.
In this case, we can easily identify the client’s polyvagal states. We know that they suffer anxious distress. We know that they also suffer major depressive bouts. So what is happening physiologically?
In times of anxious distress, the nervous system is in the red state of fight or flight. The nervous system, which is sensitively responsive to the most subtle of cues, reacts to something in the now that resembles then. The client may not consciously see the link themself, but the nervous system reacts nonetheless.
At other times, they sink into the blue of shut down. Shut down is the nervous system’s response to overwhelm. Fight or flight seeks to resolve a problem. Shut down accepts that the problem is not solvable. It does the only other protective thing it can – to numb.
From this perspective, even mental departures from reality make sense.
Think of a prey animal who spots the predator. The first response will be to startle and flee. But if outpaced and caught, the animal will move into shut down because the best protection is to numb the pain.
This is as true emotionally as it is physically.
Clients who have experienced repeated abuse will recognise that sense of a problem that cannot be solved. It makes sense that their shut down mechanisms will have kicked in, and still do today. On top of that, the anxious distress they experience is physiologically exhausting.
A good starting point may be to understand the pattern of their nervous system in particular. We all have the same component parts and built in responses. But each nervous system will have learned how best to keep us safe based on our own histories and experiences.
How does this client’s nervous system operate? What are its patterns? When does it go into red? When does it switch to blue? Does one follow the other or are they separate states? How do they know that they are in red or blue? What are the bodily responses in each state?
From there, we can discover even more. When did this particular way of protecting them develop? When did these particular feelings show up? Where did the nervous system develop these ways of protection? How did it learn to protect them in this way?
It can also be worth exploring what it is like for a client, who may feel defenceless, to learn that they have an inbuilt protective mechanism that acts in service of their safety.
This kind of exploration gives you a shared language that relates to their bodily responses. For instance, “I went into blue.”
It provides a new narrative that is intrinsically about protection. It offers a new way to think about what is going on for them. It helps them tune into bodily responses as making sense somehow.
Further reading: Anxiety & Depression – How To Follow The Lead of Your Client’s Nervous System
How her response makes sense
Given the protective nature of the body’s responses, we already have an insight that her problem makes sense. We can now build on that sense-making.
We can now explore how it makes sense. We know that the client is not wanting coping skills. This reveals the ambition of the client. They don’t want to cope, they want to change.
So why have they not changed already? A key reason will be that the problem is a defence against a bigger problem.
We can explore this with the client to find out more. It will be different with every client, so disorder diagnoses will not move us forward.
Instead, we might explore how her shut down makes sense, how her departures from reality make sense, or how her anxiety makes sense. In this case, the client has stated that they want to work on their anxious distress, so this is the best place to begin.
What are the benefits of staying stressed, given that she doesn’t want to be? It may well seem a ridiculous question – something that is worth openly acknowledging. Yet there is a duality in most things, even those things that we don’t want.
So, as strange as it sounds, how might the anxiety serve her? What if she allowed herself to be the anxiety-free person she wants? What comes up as she imagines herself as a person without anxiety? What are the dangers of losing that alertness? What price might she pay for becoming the person she wants to be?
These gentle explorations will help reveal the bigger problem that the anxious distress protects her from.
This can be integrated into a statement that looks a little like this:
If I allow myself to be calm and relaxed
Then (some bad thing)
So I stay distressed and anxious and stressed
Even though I long to just relax and feel calm and centred
Because ANYTHING is worse than (the bad thing).
You can read more about how to get to this outcome by reading The Single Sentence Technique: How To Discover The Target Learning
Making change
The phrase “target learning” is helpful. It shows us the core learnings that need to be removed for change to become easy. When the nervous system remains threatened, change attempts become exhausting and unlikely.
Check out the movie in this article for an example of how difficult it is to overcome the resistance of a protective nervous sytem.
The target learnings may be nervous system associations and responses, they may be beliefs, or they may be needs that have gone unmet and craved for. They may even be imagery and flashbacks.
With complex trauma of the kind that is repeated (as in this case), there may be more than one target learning that needs to be erased.
Finding the target can be a difficult part of our work together. Issues can seem interconnected. While this can make the initial discovery more difficult at times, notice too that it makes change easier.
Three independent problems need three separate interventions. Yet three interconnected problems can all come tumbling down by dealing only with one. Think of the effect of removing a playing card from the base of a house of cards.
However it is, the process is the same with each target learning. The goal is to trigger the brain mechanism of memory reconsolidation. The effect is to overwrite trauma responses completely. The client’s ambition for change rather than coping is achieved.
One way of achieving this is via imaginal reenactments and other imaginal techniques. There are many approaches one can use imaginally to overwrite the trauma response. For instance, Daniel Brown’s Ideal Parent Figure Protocol or Goran Hogberg’s Four Way Processing.
In my article A 4 Step Road Map For Imaginal Re-Enactment Work, I outline one of my preferred ways of doing this kind of work. But it is only one way. Such reenactments can occur on original scenes. The client imaginally reenacts the scene completely in their favour.
Obviously, this approach needs to be done within the client’s window of tolerance. It is important to give the client choice over whether this process is right for them at this time. One needs to set up ways to ground and support your client too.
If the client does not want to return to an old scene, they can do the same kind of work on present-day manifestations of the problem. For instance, they might choose a time in the last week where the anxiety was particularly present.
These imaginal approaches give an experience of their needs being met. It interacts with, and mismatches, the feelings and conditioned associations stored in implicit memory. The end result is that the client remembers what happened, but it no longer carries any charge. The nervous system is free to operate in the here-and-now reality.
Of course, imaginal techniques are not the only way to trigger memory reconsolidation. This means that you can choose the best approach for your particular client.
For instance, it is common for the “Single Sentence” to trigger a mismatch, especially if the client takes it with them and checks it through the week. Noticing their core belief as they live life can throw up some incongruities. These can result in the client rejecting the truth of the single sentence by the time you next meet.
At other times, conversational approaches within the therapy room may produce mismatch experiences.
Summary
When working with complex trauma of this kind, the nervous system is a mine of information. Inviting the client to view their responses through this polyvagal lens can bring many insights.
It is also part of that core assumption that the problem makes sense. It is a defence against a bigger problem. Until that bigger problem is resolved, it is still needed and so is kept hold of. The Single Sentence Technique is one example of digging deeper into what this bigger problem might be.
Once the target learning is identified (or maybe multiple targets) we can then go about finding mismatch information.
This can show up during a therapy conversation. It may occur spontaneously as the client compares their core belief with their current lived experience. It may be a mismatch that is deliberately created through imaginal work.
Once that mismatch experience lands and is repeated, the brain mechanism of memory reconsolidation overwrites the old trauma responses. It is replaced by the new, wanted responses instead.
From that point on, neuroscience tells us that the change is permanent and effortless for the client. Change occurs at a nervous system level, so the polyvagal system behaves differently going forward.
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Page:Archaeological Journal, Volume 7.djvu/189
THE CASTLE OF EXETEIl. 18.'5 said duchy ; the inclosure of which, with its ditches, called in the duchy leases the Castle Close, still retains the title of " the Precinct of Bradninch."^ Early in 1470, during twelve days, the city was invested with a strong force by Sir Wilham Courtenay, Knight, (the first of that name settled at Powderham,) for receiving within its walls the Duke of Clarence and his father-in-law, the Earl of Warwick, and some leaders of the Lancasterian party : but these noblemen contrived to reach Dartmouth and to sail for the French coast before King Edward lY., with all his expedition, could arrive at Exeter on 14th April, that year. Twenty-seven years later, (viz. 17th September, 1497,) Perkin Warbeck attempted to take the city by a coup-de- main. He actually set fire to Northgate ; but the citizens fed the flames with fresh fuel, whilst digging a deep ditch behind it. Directing his force against the east gate, he effected an entrance, and advanced as far as Castle Lane, when he was repulsed with considerable loss. Discouraged by this failure, and at the reports of a rising of the gentry in aid of the citizens, as also of the advance of the royal army, he solicited on the next morning a cessation of hostilities, and then decamped towards Taunton. On the 7th of October King Henry VII. entered the city in triumph. After the gallant defence of the inhabitants against the rebels in the reign of King Edward VI., from 2nd July to the 6th of August, 1549, the Castle of Exeter was suffered to fall into decay. Wcstcofe, who WTote about 1630, several years before the Civil Wars, describes it in his " View of Devon," p. 139, as "an old ruinous castle, whose gaping chinks and aged countenance presagcth a downfall ere long. The amplitude and beauty thereof cannot be discerned by the ruins ; but for former days was of good strength ; but now, as the poet said, ' Magnum nil nisi nomen habct.' " To the same purpose, his contemporary Risdon, in his " Survey," p. 1 1 6 — " The Castle shcweth the fragments of the ancient buildings ruinated, whereon time hath tyran- nized." When Cosmo III., Duke of Tuscan3^ visited the site on the 7th of April, 1669, he found it to be a square inclosure, dismantled of guns and devoid of troops. ^ Survey made 25th Nov., IGoO, of the Honor, Manor aiul borough of Bradninch, in the possession of George Pearse, of Bradniiich, Esq. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/North Carolina State University
North Carolina State University
It is extremely well written, good picture use and a very interesting article. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by AceKingQueenJack (talk • contribs).
* Support —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs).
* Object; the second half of the article needs citations too. --Spangineeres (háblame) 05:07, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
* Comment There's lots of blank space at #Chief_executives. Can it be fixed? Thanks. WP 08:33, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
* Object. For the following reasons:
* Large parts of the article are unreferenced. (Student life and Campus).
* "People" section is list heavy with little prose. (See University of Michigan for preferred style)
* Stubby sections. (Student government, Atheletics, etc).
* Standard appendices don't follow Guide to layout.
* Fair-use images like NCSU Technician header.PNG and Newblocks.gif need a detailed fair use rationale.
* Apart from these objections, I feel that providing external links to each and every department, and detailing all degrees in them doesn't help the article. Also, too many red-links in the template at the bottom is distracting. The lead is also a bit short for an article of this size. — Ambuj Saxena (talk) 12:57, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
* Object per above, plus:
* 1) lead is too short and doesn't sumamrize article
* 2) longitude is wrong, it is west longitude, not east.
* 3) ref format is not consistent, esp numbers 5 and 17. Rlevse 15:35, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
* Object per above, plus: endowment needs citation, history is very very short, alumni section doesn't follow format set by previous featured articles, see Duke University and look at its format. KnightLago 02:20, 26 September 2006 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Coal mining in the United States
[Untitled]
Pretty biased toward the environmental movement... <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:12, 30 December 2008 (UTC)
This article would treat coal mining in the United States and coal power in the United Staes. --Nukeless 08:58, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
* oppose <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:08, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
* oppose. Both topics are complex enought for separate articles. A better combination would be to merge articles on Coal Power in the United States and Coal in the United States. Also, production data in this article is way out of date: 2006 data are now available by state from EIA. Mervyn Emrys (talk) 20:38, 3 December 2008 (UTC)
* oppose. US coal mining and US coal power each have the potential for lengthy articles. Plazak (talk) 18:53, 30 December 2008 (UTC)
Renewed merger discussion
I think the above discussion needs reconsideration, so I'm starting a conversation on this again.
A proposal on the table is to merge Coal power in the United States into this article (Coal in the United States). The other nation specific articles on coal are:
* Coal in Australia
* Coal power in China
Correspondingly, Coal power in China will be renamed to Coal in China and Category:Coal power by country will be changed to Category:Coal by country. Why? For starters, virtually all coal is used for power production. This article covers power production and the other article covers mining and other topics. Separation of them is a useless exercise, exemplified in the histories of these articles. Need proof? See EIA data by end use. Less than 10% goes to anything other than power production. The USA used to have a diversified use of coal - but not anymore. 'Other uses' of coal should constitute a part of an article focusing mainly on coal power, not the other way around. -Theanphibian (talk • contribs) 19:40, 2 June 2009 (UTC)
* Oppose - Although almost all coal is used for power generation, US coal mining is an activity quite distinct from US electricity generation from coal, and deserves its own article. Coal power in the United States is already quite a lengthy article by itself, and US coal mining has the potential for quite a lengthy stand-alone treatment by itself. However, Coal in the United States should be renamed Coal mining in the United States to clarify the distinction between this article and Coal power in the United States. Plazak (talk) 14:25, 24 July 2009 (UTC)
* The article Coal power in the United States supports Electricity sector of the United States. Therefore, in my opinion both articles deserve their place. I removed the "Merge to": Coal power in the United States template. "Coal in the United States is renamed as "Coal mining in the United States". Watti Renew (talk) 12:56, 26 February 2011 (UTC)
Propose rename to "Coal mining in the United States"
As noted above, this article concentrates on coal mining in the US, as opposed to the separate article, Coal power in the United States. To underscore that this article treats only the mining of coal, as opposed to power generation, I'd like to rename this article "Coal mining in the United States." Any thoughts? Plazak (talk) 20:25, 22 September 2009 (UTC)
* No one objected, so I'll make the move. Plazak (talk) 01:52, 23 October 2009 (UTC)
New section
note to self, to make section of "accidents and deaths", good summary to start it off: http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/04/06/mine.accidents.timeline/index.html -Theanphibian (talk • contribs) 02:03, 18 May 2010 (UTC)
WSJ resource
The Coal Age Nears Its End DECEMBER 23, 2011 by REBECCA SMITH, excerpt ... <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:54, 24 December 2011 (UTC)
WSJ resource
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:14, 29 January 2012 (UTC)
* Coal Fuels a Fight in Oregon; Northwest Residents Pulled Between Desire for Jobs, Environmental Concerns by Joel Millman; excerpt ...
Neutrality tag
The article has a neutrality tag dating from 2008. The present version seems pretty npov to me. Anyone think the POV tag should stay? Plazak (talk) 13:14, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
removing POV tag with no active discussion per Template:POV
I've removed an old neutrality tag from this page that appears to have no active discussion per the instructions at Template:POV:
* This template is not meant to be a permanent resident on any article. Remove this template whenever:
* There is consensus on the talkpage or the NPOV Noticeboard that the issue has been resolved
* It is not clear what the neutrality issue is, and no satisfactory explanation has been given
* In the absence of any discussion, or if the discussion has become dormant.
Since there's no evidence of ongoing discussion, I'm removing the tag for now. If discussion is continuing and I've failed to see it, however, please feel free to restore the template and continue to address the issues. Thanks to everybody working on this one! -- Khazar2 (talk) 00:43, 21 June 2013 (UTC)
finding consensus on new section "Regulation"
Thanks for your work on the US coal mining article, despite our disagreement here. I am puzzled as to why you consider my edit summaries "misleading." The first was labeled "provide intro," and it indeed provided a much-needed introduction to the section topic. My second was labeled "single bids," and indeed it dealt with the problem of coal leases receiving only single bids. These descriptions are much more specific and accurate than your favorite generic "expanding article" tag, so I suspect that my edit summaries are not the real reason that you reversed my additions.
So let's improve the article. First, the section is poorly named. It does not deal with the very broad topic of "Regulation," but specifically with the administration of coal leasing on federal lands. If you don't like my title, then what title would you consider more accurate? Second, the section as written jumps into the middle of the topic without an introduction. Again, if you don't like my introductory paragraph, then suggest your own, but good writing demands some sort of overall introduction of the federal leasing program before getting into the controversies. The article should have a detailed description of the controversies, and I did not delete any of the criticisms of the program. I don't know what your intent is, but as it stands, this section is completely one-sided, and therefore unacceptably POV. The GAO report that you cited really has some excellent discussions on the problems of varying payments between states, single-bid lease sales, and market valuations. The GAO report certainly includes the criticisms cited in the section, but it also includes some explanations and discussions of the problems, and so is much more balanced and informative. This Wikipedia section, to be balanced and informative like the GAO report, should include some of the explanations and discussions from the GAO report, not just the criticisms. I hope that we can come to some consensus. Regards Plazak (talk) 05:27, 17 January 2016 (UTC)
(moved Plazak's post from my talk page, since this is a page content discussion --Wuerzele (talk) 14:05, 17 January 2016 (UTC))
what the hell is going on? you continue to delete sourced material, which AWFULLY looks like pushing your WP:POV, like here (-I saw you on your userpage that you are "interested in mining"). For heavens sake! there is no deadline on this article! Cant you just be patient? --Wuerzele (talk) 21:40, 17 January 2016 (UTC)
As far as referencing info in the lede: no need unless EXTRAordinary. Refs do clutter up thE lede. This article is still a disaster, being outdated and incredibly unbalanced, so I added things that were Grand Canyon like gaPs. Yes regulation needs to be expanded ( i just added it !!) but there's no need to rename that section! If you were REALLY interested in improving the article you would work on the flags.This edit BTW shows if you had gone through all my edits that a source was and is there! I am going to be away for a while sledding my son. so hold your horses please!--Wuerzele (talk) 22:02, 17 January 2016 (UTC)
* To take up your question about my POV and conflict of interest, I have worked most of my career in various mineral industries, with a significant minority of my time spent in environmental cleanup. As for conflict of interest, I have never worked a day or received a dollar from the coal industry. Your one example of my supposed POV edits was my deleting the sentence:
* “The nation’s largest coal companies have declared bankruptcy, among them Arch Coal, the second-largest coal company.”
* And replacing it with:
* “From 2015 to January 2016, four publicly traded US coal companies have declared bankruptcy, including the fourth-largest (Alpha Natural Resources) and second-largest producer (Arch Coal).”
* The sweeping overgeneralization that “The nation’s largest coal companies have declared bankruptcy,” was factually untrue, so I changed it and qualified it to make it accurate. I certainly have my own POV, but correcting a false statement is not a POV edit. I scanned the article for statements that appeared to be factually suspect, and I noticed a number that seemed in need of fact-checking and possibly correction, so that’s what I did. If any of these edits that needed correction were yours, that’s not my fault.
* You don’t specify which sourced material you complain of me deleting. I presume it’s this one:
* “As of 2013, while domestic coal consumption for power production was being displaced by natural gas, production for export to Asia from strip mines was increasing.”
* First, the lead is the place for an overall summary of exports, not for an outdated and misleading item on exports to a single region. Mentioning only exports to Asia in the lead misleads the reader into believing that Asia is the largest US export market, rather than Europe. Second, this source almost 3 years old is no longer accurate. In fact, according to US EIA data, US coal exports to Asia peaked in 2012. I corrected both of these misconceptions by replacing the item with a more authoritative and up-to-date source.
* My request for a source for the fact that coal mining employment is at its lowest since the 1980s is because that statement would mean that coal employment was lower in the 1980s than it is now. In fact, coal mining employment has been declining since the 1920s (see chart from MSHA: Coal fatalities), such that, since 1990, coal employment has remained below 1980s levels. If indeed, coal mining employment has declined below its 2003 low point of 104,000, then it is at its lowest point in much more than a century, and far below the employment of the 1980s. You do have a cited source in the body of the article, but it appears, by comparison with a more authoritative source, that the one phrase about coal employment at its lowest since the 1980s was a bit of sloppy reporting.
* You write that it is your long-term intention to expand the present section concerning criticisms of the Federal coal leasing program into an overall “Regulation” section, and I hope you do. If and when you expand that section to cover the broader topic of Regulation, that title will become appropriate. As for now, the heading is not an accurate description of the text. When I expanded on the Regulation section with a much-needed introduction to the federal coal leasing program, and some more depth and balance on its problems (using your own cited GAO source, which is a good one) you reverted the additions without giving a good reason. It is really POV to cherry-pick only the negative items from a source, and ignore that source’s more in-depth analysis. If you can’t come up with valid reasons to delete my sourced additions, then there is no reason not to put them back in. Regards. Plazak (talk) 19:46, 24 January 2016 (UTC)
External links modified
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080828164229/http://research.yale.edu/envirocenter/uploads/epoll/YaleEnvironmentalPoll2007Keyfindings.pdf to http://research.yale.edu/envirocenter/uploads/epoll/YaleEnvironmentalPoll2007Keyfindings.pdf
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080205103609/http://www.eastbayexpress.com/news/you_re_getting_warmer/Content?oid=596643 to http://www.eastbayexpress.com/news/you_re_getting_warmer/Content?oid=596643
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081003101915/http://understory.ran.org/2008/01/23/greenwash-of-the-week-coal-industry-buys-off-cnn-debates/ to http://understory.ran.org/2008/01/23/greenwash-of-the-week-coal-industry-buys-off-cnn-debates/
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Weird conspiracy theories on Wikipedia?
"Often, the money is not returned to the state and is instead used for the salaries and lobbying in favor of Big Coal"? This sounds kinda nuts and some ALJ conspiracy theory. The reference cited seems highly biased and selective. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
=Graphs on article?=
The newest graph stops at 2019 and the oldest stops at 2017. Should we replace them with newer data. This seems kind of obvious. 5 years for the newest and 7 for the oldest. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:03, 17 January 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
First-Principles Calculations of Impurity Diffusion Coefficients in Dilute Mg Alloys Using the 8-Frequency Model
2011
S Ganeshan, L G Hector Jr., and Z K Liu
Acta Materialia 59, 3214–3228 (2011)
Diffusion in dilute Mg–X alloys, where X denotes Al, Zn, Sn and Ca impurities, was investigated with first-principles density functional theory in the local density approximation. Impurity diffusion coefficients were computed as a function of temperature using the 8-frequency model which provided the relevant impurity and solvent (Mg) jump frequencies and correlation factors. Minimum energy pathways for impurity diffusion and associated saddle point structures were computed with the climbing image nudged elastic band method. Vibrational properties were obtained with the supercell (direct) method for lattice dynamics. Calculated diffusion coefficients were compared with available experimental data. For diffusion between basal planes, we find D(Mg–Ca) > D(Mg–Zn) > D(Mg–Sn) > D(Mg–Al), where D is the diffusion coefficient. For diffusion within a basal plane, the same trend holds except that D(Mg–Zn) overlaps with D(Mg–Al) at high temperatures and D(Mg–Sn) at low temperatures. These trends were explored with charge density contours in selected planes of each Mg–X alloy, the variation of the activation energy for diffusion with the atomic radius of each impurity and the electronic density of states. The theoretical methodology developed herein can be applied to impurity diffusion in other hexagonal materials.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How to Sail Upwind (with Trigonometry)
Up here in Boston, you'll see a lot of sailboats out on the Charles river in the fall. (We also just hosted the Head of the Charles, a major annual rowing event.) In sailing, there are all sorts of terminologies and rules, with words like tacking, jibing, and beating. Sailboats can travel upwind, which is pretty amazing when you think about it. But they can't travel completely against the wind -- they "beat" the wind by traveling at a slight angle to the wind. What's going on here?
Let's start off with what a sailboat looks like:
The boat is headed in one direction, its sails are facing a different direction, and there's wind blowing in some third direction (although you can't actually see the wind in the picture). Using the angles between these three directions, and some trigonometry, we'll discover how boats can actually sail upwind.
To help us out with the math, let's draw a simplified version of a sailboat, from a top-down perspective (see the picture below). Suppose that the wind (with strength W) is blowing in a particular direction, that the sails are set an angle θ from the wind, and that the boat is facing a direction that's an additional angle φ from the direction of the sails.
Because the sails are set at an angle from the wind, they won't feel the full strength of the wind. Think of it this way: take a piece of paper, hold it so it faces you, and blow on it -- it will, of course, move. But if you blow on the paper's edge instead, you'll have a much harder time moving it. The same thing happens with sails, and only the perpendicular component of the wind will actually push the boat. Let's break the wind down into components that are parallel and perpendicular to the sails:
In the above picture, the red component of the wind is parallel to the sails, and won't push them at all. But the blue component is perpendicular, and will push the sails down and to the right. As you might know from our lesson on trig functions, if the wind is blowing with strength W, then that perpendicular component has strength Wsin(θ). So if the sails are parallel to the wind, they won't get any push bceause sin(0°) = 0, and if the sails are perpendicular to the wind, they'll get the full force because sin(90°) = 1.
Now sailboats can only travel in the direction they're pointing (that's what rudders and keels are for). So if a sailboat is getting a push, only the component of the push in the direction of the boat will actually move it. A strong push in the perpendicular direction, on the other hand, wouldn't move the boat, but could topple or capsize the boat. We said the push on the sails was Wsin(θ), but now we again break down this force into components to find the component that pushes the boat.
Because of the rudder, the boat can only move forward (or backward), but not sideways. So the red component of the push from the sails won't move the boat. The blue component, however, will move the boat. And again, using trig functions, the blue component has a length of Wsin(θ)sin(φ).
So if the sails are an angle θ from the wind's direction, and the boat is an angle φ from the sails, then the boat can actually travel upwind, with a force that's proportional to sin(θ)sin(φ). The angle between "upwind" and the boat is θ+φ, so if this sum is less than 90°, then the boat is "beating" the wind. But as these angles get smaller, sin(θ)sin(φ) also gets smaller. That means the more you try to sail directly against the wind, the slower you'll go. Typically, the furthest upwind a sailboat can travel is about 35° to 45°.
And one other thing -- we assumed here that the direction of the sails was between the direction of the wind and the direction the boat was facing. Compare these two pictures below:
On the left is our sailboat with the sails between the wind and the boat's direction. As we just discovered, this boat can "beat" the wind. But for the boat on the right, the sails are a greater angle from the wind than the boat is. We could carefully work through the trigonometry again to see what happens, and we'd find that having the sails on the other side of the boat is equivalent to replacing φ with −φ in our previous work. That means the wind is pushing the boat forward with a force that's proportional to sin(θ)sin(−φ), which, by the trig identities for negative angles, is equivalent to −sin(θ)sin(φ). But for typical angles of θ and φ, that's a negative number -- so the boat on the right is in fact being pushed backward by the wind! So if you intend to sail upwind, make sure the sails are always pointing between the direction the wind is coming from and the direction your boat is facing.
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Basic important Things need to run the quality computer
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Internal Things for a computer System
Motherboard
Motherboard of a computer system
The motherboard is one of the important parts of a Computer System. This is the pitch where all the player stands, and play/perform their task. All the Circuits/components get connected in the Motherboard. Like the Central Processing Unit (CPU), RAM, and different types of connectors. And input-output devices.
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The CPU is a small chip which process task inside a computer System. CPU gets connected in the central area of the motherboard. It consists of 2 sub- categorized units Control (CU) unit and Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). CPU works as a brain for computers. This consists small chip which controls and process all the task efficiently.
RAM (Random Access Memory)
RAM does process and stores ongoing data. And activity to be performed quick and fast. A random-access memory device allows data items to be read or written. Its stores/ buffer of data in It. To get a quick response we recommend to increase the RAM. RAM stores a small piece of data all the time and quickly remove and replace the same.
HDD (Hard Disk Drive)
Is storage where you can put store your prices data. This developed with the equipment of Electro-Magnetic. This store data block wise in a Hard disk. Without a hard disk, you can’t imagine a Desktop machine. All the applications and operating system get installed and saved in this part of a machine. Hard disk stores all the data permanently.
SMPS (switched-mode power supply)
This does supply Power as per the requirements of all the chip and parts. Which are connected with Motherboard? This control high/low frequencies. We can say SMPS control power input requirements of a computer system.
Power supply of a computer system
Connectors:
HDD, DVD, USB port as and Speakers are also important parts of a Computer system. In motherboard, there is already socket available to install Graphics cards, Lan cards and Sound cards additional.
External Things for a Computer System
Cabinet
The cabinet is the outer body of a CPU. The structure of a Cabinet generally designed for universal Motherboard compatibility. Cabinet comes these days inbuilt connected SMPS and switches and cooling fans.
Monitor
A monitor is a Display unit where we get the result as an output. Without Monitor can’t imagine Computer System. In the market different types of Monitors available. Top brands are HP, Samsung, LG, Acer and Dell.
Computer monitor and Speakers
Mouse and Keyboard
Mouse and keyboard are input devices for a Computer system. Without Mouse and keyboard, you will not able to perform any task as per your desire. The top model is Logitech and Microsoft.
Additional things to Run a computer
Speakers: Speaker is extra requirements for a user. If you love to listen to music or working for Audio video and graphics related projects. Then you need to buy Speakers. Top brands are creative, Logitech and JBL.
UPS (Uninterruptible power supply): If you are using a desktop you must buy a UPS. UPS to protect your desktop machine for interruption of a power cut. The top brand is APC and Luminous.
Printers & Scanner: This is not a necessity for the desktop buyer to buy a Printer or scanner. It depends only as per requirements. Top brands of Printer Scanner are HP and Canon.
Printers & Scanner
Camera: The Camera required for a video call or chatting. There is a requirement of the Camera. For Video shooting, it is very important. These days YouTubers are increasing. Without a camera, you will not able to share/upload videos on your YouTube channel.
Headphones
Headphones: Like Camera, headphone needs is also important for the Music lover. If you are shooting a video for YouTube and playing Video games headphone is a must.
More inputs about Computer Systems
Basic Computer System Cost would be approx. $400. If you are planning to buy a desktop go with branded one instead assembled PC. The branded system is already tested by Companies to meet market expectations. Top Desktop brands HP, Dell, Lenovo and Acer.
Conclusion:
In general Desktops, life is always more reliable as compared to Laptops. As per our observation by performance and parts and service. The desktop prices are 60% lower as compared to a laptop. If you are planning to buy a laptop for your kids don’t buy. Procure a Desktop for kinds.
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If you are looking for support and help related to desktop buying guide feel free to contact us [email protected] we have a team of expert with years of experiences in IT fields.
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Managing Python Dependencies Transcripts
Chapter: Setting Up Reproducible Environments & Application Deploys
Lecture: Requirements Files Best Practices
Login or purchase this course to watch this video and the rest of the course contents.
0:02 Now that you have a good idea about how requirements files work,
0:05 and how you can leverage them to organize your Python dependencies, p
0:09 let's talk about some best practices
0:11 for structuring and organizing your requirements files.
0:14 When it comes to version specifiers, it's a good idea to use
0:18 exact versioning most of the time, this is also called pinning
0:22 and it means that you lock down the exact version
0:25 of a package that will be installed, trust me,
0:28 this will help you avoid headaches in the long run.
0:31 It's also important that you include secondary dependencies
0:34 in their exact version numbers.
0:36 If you don't include secondary dependencies and pin them down to exact versions,
0:41 what can happen is that a secondary dependency gets silently upgraded
0:45 on the next deploy and that might break your application.
0:48 So my recommendation here would be to use exact versions
0:52 for all of your packages including secondary dependencies.
0:56 Now it may make sense to go without a version specifier
1:00 for some development dependencies,
1:02 for example, if you're using a third party debugger,
1:05 like ipdb or pdbpp it can make sense to leave that unpinned
1:10 so that you can always work with the latest version.
1:13 Personally, I am leaning towards pinning as many packages as possible.
1:17 From personal experience, I know that this can help avoid a lot of trouble.
1:21 When it comes to naming your requirements files
1:26 the most popular choice seems to be requirements.txt
1:30 and then also requirements-dev.txt file for those development dependencies.
1:36 Other popular choices for requirements files names,
1:39 include requirements.pip or requirements.lock but really,
1:44 this is just a naming convention and those files would function
1:47 exactly the same as the requirements.txt files you've seen before.
1:52 Whatever you name your file, typically they would be placed
1:55 in the root folder of your project, some projects also create
1:58 a separate requirements folder,
2:01 but services like Heroku typically expect that the requirements file
2:05 sits in the root folder of the project so if you go with this convention,
2:08 it usually makes things a little bit easier for you
2:11 because you won't have to overwrite config variables
2:14 and point them to a non standard location for your requirements files.
2:18 That is why I would recommend that you always
2:20 put them into the root folder of your project.
2:22 One more handy feature in requirements files is that they support comments,
2:27 you can see this in the example here, all you need to do is place a hash character,
2:32 serve like a Python comment and then all text behind that is going to be ignored.
2:37 It's a great idea to use comments in your requirements files,
2:42 for example, you could use them to explain the difference
2:45 between your requirements.txt file and the requirements-dev.txt file,
2:50 this will be helpful for any developer working with the project in the future.
2:55 Or you could leave a comment on a specific dependency
2:57 to explain your choice or to explain why a specific version is needed,
3:02 adding comments to your requirements files is a great idea.
3:06 There is a common question around
3:09 ordering dependencies inside requirements files,
3:12 so should you order them, what order should you put them in,
3:16 usually I start my requirements files with the direct dependencies,
3:20 so these would be the dependencies that
3:22 I initially installed using the pip install command,
3:25 this would include packages like requests, or Flask,
3:29 and I like to sort them alphabetically because that makes it easier
3:33 to find what I am looking for.
3:35 Then, after those direct dependencies I would put a section
3:38 with secondary dependencies and I usually use comments
3:41 to indicate the difference between the two.
3:44 So all of these secondary dependencies are dependencies
3:46 that I didn't install directly through pip install
3:49 but they were installed because a direct dependency required them.
3:53 For example here, if you pip install Flask it will bring in the
3:57 Jinja2 templating library and also the Werkzeug library.
4:01 So my typical workflow here would be to capture all dependencies
4:05 using the pip freeze command and then go through them
4:08 in an editor to split them into direct dependencies
4:11 and secondary dependencies and perform the ordering.
4:14 When you do a pip install using that requirements file
4:16 pip will figure out the right order to install your packages in
4:20 so you don't have to worry about breaking things by changing the order.
4:23 Another best practice that you already learned about
4:26 is the development and production environment split.
4:29 Pip allows you to link up requirements files so that when you install one,
4:32 pip will go out and actually also install the other,
4:35 there is a whole lesson for that in the course, so you might want to rewatch that,
4:39 as it's a highly recommended and very useful feature.
4:41 Let's do a quick recap here, those were the requirements files
4:44 best practices that you just learned,
4:47 first, you learned about the importance of version pinning,
4:50 second, we discussed naming schemes for requirements files,
4:52 after that, you learned how to use comments in requirements files
4:55 and then you learned how you can make your requirements files
4:58 easier to understand by splitting the dependencies into first order
5:02 and secondary dependencies.
5:04 And finally, we did a quick recap on the technique that allows you
5:07 to split up your development and production dependencies.
5:09 If you follow these conventions, and best practices,
5:12 it will make it easier for other developers to work with your Python projects. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Qullqi (Lima)
Qullqi (Aymara and Quechua for silver, Hispanicized spelling Colqui) is a 5038 m mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Lima Region, Huarochirí Province, Huanza District. Qullqi lies east of the Qiwlla River (Quiula) and west of the Qullqi valley (Collque). One of the nearest places is Qullqi (Collque) southeast of the mountain. | WIKI |
Page:Thoughts of the servant of God, Thérèse of the Child Jesus; the Little flower of Jesus, Carmelite of the monastery of Lisieux, 1873-1897 (IA thoughtsofservan00thrs).pdf/97
all self-seeking I lead the happiest life that can be."
Now, that I am about to appear before the good God, more than ever do I understand that there is but one thing necessary: to work solely for Him, and to do nothing for self or for creatures. | WIKI |
Page:Woman's who's who of America, 1914-15.djvu/153
Rh Call, since 1905. Mem. Public Welfare Com. of Newark. Favors woman suffrage; mem. Woman's Political Union. Presbyterian. Mem. Alumnae Ass'n of Newark High School. Mem. Contemporary Club of Newark, Irving Club (pres.), N.J. Woman's Press Club (second vice-pres.).
CARTER, Mary Elisabeth, 519 W. 121st St., N.Y. City.
Writer; b. Albany, N.Y., Jan. 13, 1836; dau. Charles and Elizabeth Van A. (Anderson) Carter; ed. private schools; grad. N.Y. Univ. Woman's Law Class, 1895. Mem. Soc. for Political Education, Woman's Municipal League, Woman's Law Class Alumnae, Circle of Divine Ministry. Favors woman suffrage. Author: Millionaire Households; House and Home.
CARTER, Mary Lupton (Mrs. Thomas M. Carter), 5 Portland Place, St. Louis, Mo.
Born Warrenton, Va., Aug. 15, 1854; dau. Joseph and Margaret (Ricketts) Lupton; ed. Hardin Coll., Mexico, Mo.; Bourbon Inst., Paris, Ky.; m. Mexico, Mo., Oct. 8, 1872, Thomas Whitman Carter; children: Lemuel Ray, Clayton Le Roy, Clara Louise, Thomas W. Jr. Interested in all charitable organizations such as Methodist Orphans' Home, Provident Ass'n: director of Kingdom House. Clubs: Woman's, Country. Recreations: Writing, music. Mem. Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Against woman suffrage.
CARTER, Orra Lee (Mrs. N. P. Carter), Fayetteville, Tenn.
Born Petersburg, Tenn., Oct. 21, 1855; dau. George F. and Ann (Metcalfe) Smith; m. June 8, 1875 Judge Nelson P. Carter; children: Mrs. John B. Rutledge, Nelson P. Jr., George F. Carter (Denver, Colo.), Mrs. Felix Bledsoe, Mrs. A. T. Williams, Mrs. J. M. Northrop. Episcopalian. Vice-pres. Middle Tenn Division of Tenn. Fed. of Women's Clubs; mem. D.A.R.; pres. Round Dozen Club (organized 1900); pres. Lincoln Co. Library Ass'n.
CARTER, Sara Nelson (Mrs. H. Eugene Carter), Live Oak, Fla,
Born Bedford Co., Va., 1880; dau. Cleland Kinloch and Ella (Scott) Nelson; ed. public schools of Lynchburg, Va., and at Randolph Macon Woman's Coll., Lynchburg, Va., M.A.; m. Lynchburg, Va., July 2, 1907, H. Eugene Carter; children: Cleland Nelson, b. April 2, 1908; H. E. Carter Jr., b. Jan. 22, 1912. Identified with various religious, social and philanthropic activities. Mem United Daughters of the Confederacy, Live Oak Woman's Club. Baptist. Favors woman suffrage.
CARTER, Zoe Hamilton (Mrs. Frank Carter, Jr.), Anita, Iowa.
Teacher of china painting and librarian; b. Dayton, Ia., Sept. 17, 1889; dau. Jed Ellsworth and Victoria Ella (Scott) Hamilton; ed. West View High School, Lake City (honor student); grad. Drake Univ., Des Moines; m. Des Moines, June 15, 1910, Frank Carter, Jr. Teacher of Normal school music, Drake Univ.; supervisor of music and drawing in public school, Anita, Ia.; china painter; librarian, Anita Public Library. Interested in local civic improvement, established public library, Anita, Ia. Mem. Library Ass'n. Pres. of Anita Literary Club and Chautauqua Club.
CARTWRIGHT, Mabel, St. Hilda's College, Toronto, Can.
Teacher; b. Kingston, Ont., Can.; dau. John R. and Emily (Bouton) Cartwright; ed. Cheltenham Ladies' Coll., England; St. Andrew's, LL.A.; Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, honors in final school of modern history, B.A., ad eundem; Toronto Univ. Assistant mistress, Oxford High School, England; sixth form mistress, Bishop Strachan School, Toronto; prin. St. Hilda's, Toronto, Can. Toronto Diocesan pres. of Woman's Auxiliary to Missions; mem. Cheltenham Ladies' College Guild; senior mem. of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford; Social Science Club, University Women's Club, Toronto. Recreation: Music. Anglican. Favors woman suffrage.
CARUS, Emma (Mrs. Harry James Everall), Mt. Vernon, N.Y.
Actress; b. Berlin, Germany, Mar. 18, 1879; dau. Carl Carus (theatrical manager) and Henrietta (Rolland) Carus (operatic prima donna); came to U.S. in 1883; ed. in Germany and in private schools in Brooklyn; m. (1st) N. S. Mattson; (2d) 1904, Harry James Everall. First sang in public in Berlin when 16 years old; made first professional appearance in U.S. at age of 15, appearing in minor parts in light opera and musical comedy until 1900, when played as Lady Muriel in The Giddy Throng at the New York Theatre, N.Y. City, continuing as mem. of the Musical Stock Co. of that theatre for three years, and during that time creating the parts of Nancy in The King's Carnival, and Jane Bowlingbrook in The Hall of Fame; later at other N.Y. theatres as Mrs. Jack Orchard in The Defender, Countess von Lahn in The Wild Rose, Princess Yo San in The Darling of the Gods, Jane Habicomb in The Medal and the Maid, Lady Peacock in Woodland, and Mary in Forty-five Minutes from Broadway; returned to the New York Theatre in The Follies of 1907, and the following season went into vaudeville.
CARUS, Mary Hegeler, Open Court Publishing Co., 623 S. Wabash Av., Chicago, Ill.
Born La Salle, Ill., Jan. 10, 1861; dau. Edward C. and Camilla (Weisbach) Hegeler; studied engineering at Univ. of Mich., and held B.Sc. (1882); also admitted by special permission of the Royal Government of Saxony to the School of Mines, at Freiburg, Saxony, to study mathematics and chemistry; m. March 29, 1888, Chicago, Dr. Paul Carus, editor of the Open Court and the Monist. Children: Edward C, Gustav, Paula, Elizabeth, Herman Dietrich, and Alwin Hegeler. Pres. of the Mathiessen-Hegeler Zinc Smelter Co., of La Salle, Ill.; trustee of the E. C. Hegeler Fund, and pres. of the Open Court Publishing Co. Recreation: Home life in the family circle.
CARUTHERS, Daisy Miller, Fort Smith, Ark.
Born Arkansas, 1875; dau. John G. and Mary Jane (Tresler) Miller; ed. Fort Smith (Ark.) schools, Northwestern Acad, and Univ., and Univ. of Ark.; finished in mathematics, Chi Omega; m. Pueblo, Col., 1903, Elmo Caruthers; children: Elmo Caruthers, Jr., Frances Caruthers. Interested in child welfare and education. Mem. Methodist Church South. Republican. Charter mem. and chapter registrar of local D.A.R. Mem. Wednesday Club (literary), Musical Coterie, Library Ass'n. Recreations: Reading, driving.
CARVER, Clara Belle Finney (Mrs. W. B. Carver), 151 Front St., Binghamton, N.Y.
Born Binghamton, N. Y., Dec. 9, 1872; dau. Erastus and Eleanor (Kipp) Finney; ed. Binghamton High School, 1891; Smith Coll., 1895, B.L.; m. Feb. 4, 1908, William Burgett Carver. Taught for ten years, 1896-1906, in Binghamton High School. Interested in industrial school for teaching sewing to poor children. Mem. Southern N.Y. Branch of the Ass'n of Coll. Alumnae, Y.W.C.A. Club: Monday Afternoon of Binghamton. Presbyterian.
CARVER, Priscilla, Highland Park, Ill.
Concert pianist; b. Highland Park, Ill., May 25, 1885; dau. Henry C. and Mary (Winchester) Carver; ed. Chicago, Berlin, Paris. Soloist five times with Chicago Symphony Orchestra and three times with N.Y. Symphony Orchestra; appeared in recitals in Chicago, Washington, St. Louis, New York, San Francisco. Protestant Episcopal. Mem. Amateur Musical Club of Chicago, Ossoli Club of Highland Park. Ill.
CARY, Anna May Gogley, 956 Church St., Indiana, Pa.
Missionary worker; b. Independence, Pa., June 24, 1869; dau. Rev. John G. and Hannah P. (Day) Gogley; ed. common schools, Pittsburgh Female Coll., and Beaver Coll. and Musical Inst.; m. April 19, 1888, Pittsburgh, Pa., Rev. Jesse W. Cary, D.D. Active in the work of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary socs. of the Methodist Episcopal Church, being cor. sec. of the Home Soc. in the Blairsville District, Pittsburgh Conference. Represented, as delegate, the | WIKI |
Arkansaurus
Arkansaurus (meaning "Arkansas lizard") is an extinct genus of ornithomimosaurian theropod dinosaur. It lived during the Albian and Aptian stages of the Early Cretaceous. The type and only species is Arkansaurus fridayi.
History
In August 1972, Joe B. Friday, who owned a service station in Lockesburg, Arkansas, noticed some vultures circling above his land. Checking his cows, he noticed that fossil bones were visible in a ditch near the road where some gravel had been removed recently for the reconstruction of Arkansas Highway 24. He removed them and for some months displayed the fossils in his station. At the time, nobody recognised them for dinosaur bones. A geology professor at the University of Arkansas and former resident of the nearby town of Nashville, Doy Zachry Jr., took the bones to his colleague at the University of Arkansas, paleontologist Dr. James H. Quinn, to view. Quinn recognized the fossilized remains as dinosaurian and prepared the bones. He took the remains to the annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Lincoln, Nebraska in the fall of 1972. Once there, the bones were examined by experts from both the US and Europe. They were thought to be related to Ornithomimus. Quinn first presented on the fossils in 1973 at the Geological Society of America Meeting in Little Rock, Arkansas.
In March 1973, Dr. James Harrison Quinn and Benjamin Clardy of the Arkansas Geological Commission went to the area on the Friday farm where the remains had been discovered, hoping to find more remains. The site was a pit that had been dug for road construction and the fossils had been taken from the Early Cretaceous Trinity Group. Unfortunately, all the scientists were able to find was a toe bone. They speculated that the bones had either been scattered when they were buried or during the road construction. In all there were three metatarsals, four phalanges, and three claws found of Arkansaurus.
Four casts of the bones were made. These casts were given to the Friday Family, the University of Arkansas, the Arkansas Geological Commission, and the Arkansas Museum of Science and Natural History. The University cast is hanging in a classroom in Ozark Hall. The Museum of Science and Natural History actually had a large statue of the dinosaur constructed to go along with their cast, and it was on display for many years when the museum was located at the Tower Building. The original bones, donated to the university by Friday, currently reside at the University of Arkansas Museum Collections, now housed at the Arkansas Archaeological Survey in Fayetteville, Arkansas.
Quinn intended to name the species "Arkansaurus fridayi" but in 1977 made a fatal fall when prospecting for fossils in Nebraska. The name Arkansaurus first appeared in print in a popular-science book by Helen Roney Sattler in 1983, remaining an invalid nomen nudum. The full species name was first published by Angela K. Braden in 1998, mentioning that Quinn had informally used the combination "Arkansaurus fridayi".
In January 2017 Rep. Greg Leding, D-Fayetteville, submitted a bill to the Arkansas Legislature to designate Arkansaurus the State Dinosaur, along with several cosigners. The original idea of the bill came from high school student Mason Cypress Oury, who, accompanied by Rep. Leding, presented a modified version of the bill to a House panel, and answered questions. Among his reasoning for adopting the Arkansaurus as the state dinosaur Oury pointed out that Oklahoma, Texas and Missouri all have listed state dinosaurs, and Arkansas already has 24 designated state symbols, and since it was the 25th state to be admitted to the union, it made sense to add one more. The bill was approved by the governor February 17, 2017.
Arkansaurus was declared the official Arkansas state dinosaur in 2017. The dinosaur was discovered in Lockesburg, Arkansas, and was a bipedal ornithomimosaur dinosaur. A near relative is the ornithomimosaur Nedcolbertia. It is named for the state of Arkansas and its discoverer Joe B. Friday, who found the dinosaur's fossilized foot on his land in 1972. It is the only dinosaur fossil currently described from Arkansas. The fossil was officially described in 2018 by paleontologists ReBecca Hunt-Foster and James Harrison Quinn in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.
The official description of this dinosaur was published on March 19, 2018 in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology by paleontologists ReBecca Hunt-Foster and, posthumously, James H. Quinn. The study determined that the fossils contain a combination of unique anatomical details, such as differentiated pedal unguals, a laterally compressed third metatarsal that is ovoid in proximal view, and a distal ungual with a very weak flexor tubercle, lacking spurs. The condition of this third metatarsal suggests that Arkansaurus fridayi is more basal than Asiatic ornithomimosaurs of similar age, but consistent with older North American forms, such as Nedcolbertia.
Description
Arkansaurus measured about 4.6 m long and weighed about 380.5 kg. Examination of the holotype consisting of a nearly complete right foot suggests that Arkansaurus was similar to most ornithomimosaurians of the Early Cretaceous, with the strong curvature of the foot claws being the only exception: most ornithomimosaurians had flat claws. The holotype also revealed a greenstick fracture, which is the first record among dinosaur fossils, and a potential gout.
Phylogeny
Arkansaurus was placed in the Ornithomimosauria in a basal position, outside of the Ornithomimidae.
Paleobiology
Ornithomimisaur tracks of similar age are known from north of Moab, Utah, at the Mill Canyon Dinosaur Tracksite, in the Ruby Ranch Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Early Cretaceous). This tracksite also preserves the tracks of ankylosaur, hadrosaur, sauropod and several size classes of theropod dinosaurs, along with crocodiles and birds. A similar fauna has been noted from the Trinity Group in Arkansas. | WIKI |
Talk:Sylvia Day
--Sappy, but suitable--
Untitled
Silvia Day is a succesful novelist, and although I for one do not have interests in her kind of books, many people do. V. Joe 05:19, 16 June 2006 (UTC)
* Well but look at the links they all point to her. And the article was created by Sylday it doesn't take a genius to figure out who that is. Whispering 05:26, 16 June 2006 (UTC)
Poor writing, but valid topic
Real writer and notable. Article just needs cleaning. - Davodd 06:59, 16 June 2006 (UTC)
* Well I can't get rid of it with a speedy so I'll just put the NPOV tag there. Whispering 00:42, 17 June 2006 (UTC)
Made it less of a promo page. NoirFemme 01:06, 4 July 2006 (UTC)
External links modified (January 2018)
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 11:05, 25 January 2018 (UTC) | WIKI |
Gynecomastia surgery cost Sangareddy – This article will focus on how to reduce gynecomastia naturally. If you are suffering from man boobs, the problem is embarrassing and confidence damaging. You avoid taking your top off just to go swimming and are always paranoid when someone stares at you chest area. The first thing you should consider doing is finding out what type of man boobs you have.
If the breast tissue behind your nipple area is hard, you may have real gynecomastia. Real gynecomastia is treated via a surgical procedure which removes this lump. Most men suffer from pseudo gynecomastia. This is the more common gynecomastia condition caused by a bad diet, lack of exercise and other lifestyle contributing factors.
The best ways to reduce gynecomastia naturally is by looking at the following factors;
Diet for male breast
If you have a poor diet primarily based on fast foods, then your body is accumulating fat. Fatty tissue in men is 99% more likely to show around the stomach and chest area. Men who carry excess weight will have the typical heavy, beer belly type look with sagging breast like conditions. Not all fats are bad either. Good fats such as omega 3, flaxseed oils are actually good for you and research studies show they can help you lose fat. Cutting down on burgers, fried foods, sugary high calorie foods will help you cut down fat that is accumulated in your body overtime.
Unfortunately, the reality is there are no substitutes for a clean diet. If you have a bad diet, it will have an effect on your health overtime. Pseudo gynecomastia can be controlled and totally eliminated with a good consistent diet.
Physical Exercise – Gynecomastia
Exercising regularly allows you to burn calories. You burn calories, you eventually lose fat. To reduce gynecomastia you don’t necessary need to join a gym. You can simply go for walks, a run and do some resistance exercise such as press ups to start toning the fat around your chest area. Physical exercise and having a control over your diet will help you lose overall body fat and show changes in the weight you are carrying around the chest. Resistance training also helps burn calories in conjunction with a clean diet.
Hormone Imbalance – Gynecomastia surgery Sangareddy
If you suffer from a hormone imbalance, diet and exercise alone will not work to eliminate gynecomastia. If your body is producing more estrogen hormone, you need to counter this by blocking estrogen. There are anti estrogen blockers such as, Nolvadex on the market that can help counter high estrogen levels. Before taking any anti estrogen blocker, it’s important to seek medical advice. Speak to your physician before taking any pills. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Jesús García
Jesús García Corona (13 November 1881 – 7 November 1907) was a Mexican railroad brakeman who died while preventing a train loaded with dynamite from exploding near Nacozari, Sonora, in 1907. As "el héroe de Nacozari", he is revered as a national hero and many streets, plazas, and schools across Mexico are named after him.
Early life
García was born in Hermosillo, Sonora. He was one of eight children. At the age of 17 he got a job with Moctezuma Copper Company, but due to his age, he was made a waterboy. He was promoted to switchman, then to brakeman and eventually to fireman.
Career
Jesús García was the railroad brakeman for the train that covered the line between Nacozari, Sonora, and Douglas, Arizona. On 7 November 1907 the train was stopped in the town and, as he was resting, he saw that some hay on the roof of a car containing dynamite had caught fire. The cause of the fire was that the locomotive's smokebox was failing and sparks were going out from the smokestack. The wind blew them and got into the dynamite cars. García drove the train in reverse downhill at full-steam six kilometers out of the town before the dynamite exploded, killing him and sparing the population of the mining town.
Honors
In his honor a statue was raised and the name of the town of Nacozari was changed to Nacozari de García. He was declared Hero of Humanity by the American Red Cross, many streets in Mexico carry his name, and the Estadio Héroe de Nacozari sports stadium in Hermosillo is also named after him. García's sacrifice is remembered in the corrido (ballad) "Máquina 501", sung by Pancho "el Charro" Avitia, and Mexican railroad workers commemorate 7 November every year as the Día del Ferrocarrilero (Railroader's Day). His heroism is also recounted in the ballad, "Jesus Garcia" sung by Arizona State's official balladeer, Dolan Ellis, who wanted to let the world know of the "Casey Jones of Mexico" who saved the town. García was awarded, posthumously, the American Cross of Honor.
* The "Máquina 501" song in free translation:
* Engine 501
* rolls through Sonora.
* And the brakeman
* who won't sigh will cry.
* One fine Sunday, gentlemen,
* 'round three o'clock,
* Jesús Garcia sweetly
* caressed his mother.
* "Soon I must depart,
* kind mother,
* the train whistle
* draws the future near."
* Arriving at the station
* a whistle blew shrill.
* The wagon with dynamite
* menaced with its roof afire.
* The fireman says,
* "Jesús, let's scram!
* that wagon behind
* will burn us to hell."
* Jesús replies,
* "That I cannot own--
* this conflagration
* will kill the whole town!"
* So he throws it in reverse
* to escape downhill
* and by the sixth mile
* into God's hands he'd arrived.
* From that unforgettable day
* you've earned the holy cross
* you've earned our applause.
* Jesús, you're our hero.
* Engine 501
* rolls through Sonora.
* And the brakeman
* who won't sigh will cry. | WIKI |
Dollar Falls as Federal Reserve Trails ECB, Possible Shutdown Damps Demand
The dollar dropped against most of
its major counterparts on speculation the Federal Reserve will
trail other central banks in raising interest rates and as signs
of global growth damped demand for haven assets. The euro gained to an almost 15-month high versus the
dollar after a report showing German exports rose the most in
five months, boosting bets that policy makers will lift interest
rates further to curb inflation. The greenback slumped as
lawmakers failed to agree on a federal budget, increasing the
likelihood of a government shutdown. Currencies of commodity-
exporting countries including the Australian dollar rallied as
raw materials prices advanced. “Interest-rate differentials are widening and there is a
stalemate between the White House and Congress, they’re all
contributing to dollar weakness,” said Jack Spitz , managing
director of foreign exchange at National Bank of Canada in
Toronto. “Commodities are higher, equities are stronger,
contributing to positive sentiment in respect to global risk.” The dollar fell 0.8 percent to $1.4428 per euro at 10:46
a.m. in New York, extending its loss this week to 1.4 percent.
The euro reached $1.4443, the highest since January 2010. The
yen declined 1.1 percent to 122.81 per euro, the weakest since
May 2010. Japan’s currency lost 0.3 percent to 85.12 per dollar. Dollar Falls The Dollar Index, which IntercontinentalExchange Inc. uses
to track the greenback versus the currencies of six major
trading partners, including the pound and Canadian dollar, sank
to as low as 75.033, the least since December 2009. After meeting with House Speaker John Boehner and Senate
Majority Leader Harry Reid, President Barack Obama said budget
issues remained unresolved and he hoped for a breakthrough that
would prevent a government shutdown, set to begin at midnight. Europe ’s currency has rallied 7.8 percent against the
dollar this year as economic growth in Germany and accelerating
consumer prices in the euro region boosted expectations that
interest rates will need to rise to curb inflation, which
reached a two-year high of 2.6 percent in March. A report showed German exports jumped 2.7 percent in
February from a month earlier, when they dropped 1 percent. That
was the biggest month-on-month increase since September and
above the 2 percent median estimate in a Bloomberg survey. China Gains China’s yuan gained 0.1 percent to 6.5354 per dollar at the
close in Shanghai , the strongest level since 1993, according to
the China Foreign Exchange Trade System. Traders are showing the largest yuan appreciation
expectations in a month, betting the government will put curbing
inflation ahead of protecting exports. Contracts that fix the
currency’s value in a year indicate a 2.5 percent gain, compared
with as low as 1.7 percent last week, after an interest-rate
increase on April 6. The ECB’s decision to raise its main rate yesterday comes
as the central banks of other developed nations, including the
U.S. and Japan , keep borrowing costs near zero to support their
economies as they recover from the financial crisis. The Fed
isn’t expected to raise its target funds rate until the first
quarter of 2012 and the Bank of Japan will probably keep
borrowing costs on hold for the next 12 months, the median
estimates in two Bloomberg surveys show. Yen Drop The yen headed for a fourth weekly drop versus the euro,
the longest losing streak in 20 months, on speculation the BOJ
will continue with accommodative monetary policy to help its
economy recover from a record earthquake on March 11. The BOJ
yesterday unveiled a 1 trillion yen, one-year loan program to
companies affected by the quake and tsunami as board members
downgraded their economic assessment for the first time since
October. “Improved risk sentiment on the back of the global
recovery is pushing the euro higher against the yen and dollar,
especially now the market is convinced there will be further
rate increases by the ECB,” said Hitoshi Asaoka, senior
strategist at Mizuho Trust & Banking Co. in Tokyo , a unit of
Japan’s second-largest bank. The ECB will raise its benchmark rate by 133 basis points
during the next 12 months, compared with a prediction for 44
basis points of increases at the end of last year, a Credit
Suisse Group AG index based on swaps showed. Trichet Stance “We will continue to do in the future” what is
appropriate “to ensure price stability ,” ECB President Jean- Claude Trichet said at a press conference in Frankfurt
yesterday, following the announcement of the rate increase. The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index added 0.1 percent and the
Thomson Reuters/Jefferies CRB index of commodities gained 0.6
percent. Traders boosted bets on the amount of interest rate
increases by the Reserve Bank of Australia over the next 12
months to 30 basis points, from 18 basis points at the end of
last week, according to a Credit Suisse Group AG index. Australia’s dollar gained 0.6 percent to $1.0532, after
earlier rising to $1.0545, the highest since it was freely
floated in 1983. Sweden’s krona was the best performer among the 16 major
currencies tracked by Bloomberg, adding 1.5 percent to 6.2261
per dollar. The currency strengthened as data showed the
nation’s industrial output increased at the fastest annual pace
on record, reinforcing speculation its central bank will raise
borrowing costs as the economy expands. To contact the reporter on this story:
Catarina Saraiva in New York at
asaraiva5@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Dave Liedtka at
dliedtka@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Mfangano Island
Mfangano Island lies in the eastern part of Lake Victoria, at the mouth of the Winam Gulf. Part of Kenya, it lies west of Rusinga Island. The island is 65 km2 in area and rises to 1,694 m at Mount Kwitutu. It had a population of 16,282 at the 1999 census. As of 2024, the population is estimated to be approximately 30,000. Administratively, Mfangano is part of Homa Bay County.
The island is home to the largest population of Olusuba or Suba people language speakers in Kenya. Olusuba is becoming rarer, in part because of intermarriage between Suba men and Luo women from the mainland, as it is traditional for children to learn the "mother tongue", that is, the language of their mother. Other languages spoken on the island include Luo, Swahili, and English. Members of the Luo tribe are concentrated on the eastern side of the island, most of whom are fishermen and subsistence farmers. Some of the inhabitants of Mfangano are believed to be descendants of emigrants from the Buganda kingdom in Uganda who arrived after the controversial early nineteenth century killing of the kabaka juju.
Most inhabitants live near the water for ease in fishing and collecting the day's water supply. The water's edge of the island is quite rocky with a few black sandy shores. Transportation consists mostly walking and of boat travel in small wooden handmade boats that sometimes have a sail. There are a few bicycles now that the government cut a road that circles the island on which motorbikes can travel. The first car to be driven on the island's soil was on February 2, 2007. It was driven 500 m. In it was Road and Public Services Hon. Simeon Nyachae, MP. Since then, several automobiles have been seen, and others now are used locally for transport. There is a small dirt landing strip for small planes which has been improved to support other bigger planes. This is used mostly for tourists and mission workers.
Apart from the above-mentioned, the government has also worked hard and ensured that there is constant electricity supply within the island by use of the generators hence this has seen growth within the region and improvement on the economic ability of the island as fishermen can now store their fish as they wait for the market.
Many more will be able to experience the region with the improving tourism rate boosted by the establishment of the Abasuba Community Peace Museum in October 2009.
Mfangano is also known for its ancient rock art, possibly 2,000 years old and thought to have been created by early forager-hunters, perhaps a Twa people. | WIKI |
Factory vs instance constructors
Note: What you have is not a static constructor, it’s a static function that creates the instance rather than calling the instance constructor yourself. A static constructor is a different thing entirely.
The factory pattern is a classic example of using a function (static or not) to instantiate a type rather than using the constructor directly. Note that the actual instance constructor will get called no matter what, but the static function provides a layer of indirection that allows it to return an instance of any type that either is or inherits from the return type, rather than only instances that are the return type.
For example:
public abstract class BaseClass
{
public static BaseClass Create(int parameter)
{
if (parameter == 1)
{
return new Class1();
}
else
{
return new Class2();
}
}
}
internal class Class1 : BaseClass
{
//code here ...
}
internal class Class2 : BaseClass
{
//code here ...
}
This allows you to hide Class1 and Class2 from external assemblies while still allowing the consumer to deal with something specialized.
Leave a Comment | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 90.djvu/557
Popular Science Monthly
��541
��objection to the type; for on soft or muddy roads the wheels may sink so that the axles rest on the ground and the car may stall, although the great power will still turn the wheels.
Another type is a lighter car built on a rear wheel drive, one and one-half ton truck, equipped w4th steel wheels and airless tires and capable of running forty miles an hour. Having but one turret, the weight is reduced to about. ^ nine thousand pounds. It has not the power to maneuver on bad ground that the heavier car has, but is probably better fitted for all-round service in the United States.
Still another type follows the lines of that just mentioned, but is built on a touring car chassis by a private company. The weight is about six thousand pounds. The "bridges" carried on each side for crossing trenches form a novel feature. There are a number of other features reflecting European exper- ience. In case of war the majority of cars would probably be of the general type of this light high-speed car. The light truck shown at the bottom of the preceding page is not in any sense an armored car, but is interesting as showing what was done to carry National Guards machine guns on the border. Each regi- ment was given five trucks in lieu of the pack mule equipment of the regulars. Four each carry one machine gun and ammuni- tion, and the fifth, spare parts and supplies. A ten-gallon water tank is carried under each body on account of the scarcity of water which the troops encountered in the border service. In action the trucks are left under cover and the guns and ammuni- tion carried to the firing position by hand. The "caterpillar" type tractor is being ex- tensively experimented with to replace horses for drawing the heavier field guns, each tractor doing the work of sixteen horses. As these tractors may come under fire, certain vital parts will be armored. More powerful tractors of this general type were doubtless the basis of the English "tanks,"
����A light-weight type of high speed for general service which has received high endorsement
��A model built on a touring car chassis by a ^private company
but the little forty-five horse- power tractor shown in the photograph on the left is only expected to do light service, principally to transport the army guns and ammuni- tion in record time wherever they may be needed and in spite of unfavorable road conditions.
��How the Submarines Got Their Peculiar Names
EVERYONE knows what submarines are, and what an important factor they have become in modern naval warfare. Their nomenclature is rather interesting. In the United States Navy the first of these crafts were named for various kinds of fish and reptiles, and we had such odd cognomens as "Adder," "Moccasin," "Pike," "Stur- geon," "Shark," "Carp," "Haddock," etc., on the naval lists. Before this list of piscatorial names ran out the system was changed, and designations of A-i, A-2, B-i, B-2, etc., down to the more recent submarines au- thorized in 1 91 5, known as the O class. In general, the numbers applied correspond to the particular lot in which they were constructed, and the letters closely follow the number of years since they were first built. In Germany they are all known as U-boats, the U being ^ the first letter of Unterseeboot, meaning submarine.
�� � | WIKI |
Page:Simpson-transcript-redacted.pdf/112
Glenn SimpsonPage 112 them were working on the — I don't know what to call it, the congressional stuff.
MR. FOSTER: Lobbying Congress?
MR. SIMPSON: I believe they registered to lobby Congress.
BY MR. DAVIS:
Q. Did Fusion provide any of its research to Mr. Akhmetshin whether directly or through an intermediary such as Baker Hostetler?
A. Yes. We were directed to do so by Baker Hostetler.
Q. And do you know or have reason to believe whether Mr. Akhmetshin used that information when he spoke with people on the Hill?
A. I have reason to believe that. I don't have specific knowledge of his discussions with people on the Hill. I don't remember. He may have told me what he did. As I say, it was not the focus of my work.
Q. Has Mr. Akhmetshin ever said anything to you indicating or implying that he had worked with the Russian government?
A. Well, I knew he had been a soldier, I knew he had been in the Soviet military, and I also knew that he went to Moscow a fair bit because he said 1-800-FOR-DEPO | WIKI |
Nasreddin in Bukhara
Nasreddin in Bukhara (Насреддин в Бухаре) is a 1943 Soviet comedy film directed by Yakov Protazanov, based on the novel by Leonid Solovyov Disturber of the Peace about Nasreddin.
Plot
Nasreddin arrives in the city of Bukhara with his donkey after many adventures around half the world. The city is bustling as a bazaar is taking place and the Emir is scheduled to hold court.
At the city gate, Nasreddin's ingenuity is immediately tested as he must find a way to enter without paying the numerous taxes. After succeeding, he discovers a young, pretty girl named Gyuldjan at a pond, drawing water with a jug. He falls in love with her at once and calls her "little toad". In return, she compares him to a donkey. Suddenly, there is a commotion at the pond because a man is about to drown. After several failed rescue attempts, Nasreddin shows the correct way to save him. Recognizing the man as wealthy, Nasreddin holds a coin towards the drowning man, who reaches for it and thus gets closer to the shore until he is safe. The rescued man is Jafar, a usurer who had recently threatened the potter Niyaz to take him to court if he didn't repay a loan of 100 tangas plus 300% interest and 10 tanga costs immediately.
Jafar does indeed take the potter to court, where Niyaz pleads with the Emir for a delay in repaying his debt. However, he is granted only one hour. If Niyaz cannot come up with the money in that time, he and his family will be forced to serve the creditor as slaves. Nasreddin, observing this, comforts the potter and promises to obtain the required 410 tangas. With a humorous story about his donkey's cleverness, Nasreddin wins over the people in a tavern. When he reveals he is the world-renowned trickster Nasreddin, they decide to help him gather the 410 tangas. Although none of them have money, each gives items they can spare, even if they are old or broken. Nasreddin finds a buyer who, after lengthy negotiations, pays the entire amount; it is the usurer Jafar. Jafar tells him that he has long desired the prettiest girl in Bukhara and plans to marry her at noon. Just before the deadline, Nasreddin pays Jafar the demanded amount for Niyaz. When Niyaz's daughter Gyuldjan also thanks him, Nasreddin realizes she is the "little toad", which delights him. Jafar seeks revenge and tells the Emir about the beautiful girl, suggesting she would fit well among his wives. The Emir orders his servants to bring Gyuldjan to the palace, intending to visit her in the harem that night. The abduction is successful, and Gyuldjan, prepared for the night with the Emir, falls ill immediately.
The Emir is furious that Nasreddin is still at large, even though the Turkish sultan from Istanbul informed long ago that he had Nasreddin beheaded and the Shah of Tehran claimed that he had cut him into pieces. The Emir deploys spies throughout the city to locate Nasreddin and offers a reward of 3,000 tangas. However, finding him is not easy, as Nasreddin disguises himself in women's clothing, with his face covered. When the Emir learns that Nasreddin is on the bazaar in women's attire, he orders all women checked, provoking the anger of the Muslim men present. This leads to a wild brawl, allowing Nasreddin to disappear unnoticed.
Amidst the chaos, the healer and astrologer Hussein-Husliya arrives in Bukhara from Baghdad, seeking the Emir's palace. Nasreddin sees his chance to enter the Emir's palace to rescue Gyuldjan. With a trick, he convinces the scholar to swap clothes with him, explaining that the Emir plans to behead him. In his new identity, Nasreddin gains the Emir's trust. He even takes over the interrogation of the real Hussein-Husliya, who has been captured. He is also asked to heal the sick girl in the harem, which he may enter only in the Emir's company. Now knowing the way, he sets out to free Gyuldjan. Distracting the guard at the harem, he rescues the "little toad" and diverts the palace guards. He reveals himself as Nasreddin, whose capture reward the Emir has raised to 10,000 tangas. The guards, eager for the reward, chase him, allowing Gyuldjan to leave the palace unhindered. Nasreddin escapes, reverts to his scholar disguise, and returns to the Emir for safety.
As the Emir is about to execute the potter Niyaz in the marketplace, Nasreddin, still disguised as Hussein-Husliya, intervenes. He persuades the Emir to free all accused if he reveals Nasreddin's whereabouts, but his protector must be executed, which the Emir agrees to. Nasreddin then reveals himself, is arrested, and the prisoners are freed, as the Emir himself is Nasreddin's protector. Nasreddin is sentenced to death by drowning, tied in a sack, and taken to the pond. On the way, he exploits the greed of his carriers, who leave him alone in the sack for a while. He convinces the passing usurer Jafar that he is voluntarily in the sack because it cures all ailments, and they swap places. When the carriers realize they've been tricked, they beat the man in the sack and carry him to the pond, where they throw him in, causing Jafar to drown miserably. At the pond, Nasreddin reveals himself to the mourning crowd, leading to great jubilation. He asks for silence so he and Gyuldjan can leave the city forever, undisturbed.
Cast
* Lev Sverdlin - Nasreddin
* M. Mirzakarimova - Gyuldjan
* Konstantin Mikhailov - The Emir
* Emmanuil Geller - Djafar
* Vasili Zaychikov - Niyaz, Gyuldjan's father
* Stepan Kayukov - Bakhtiyar, the wazir
* Matvei Lyarov - Arslanbek
* Nikolai Volkov - Hussein-Husliya
* A. Talitov - Yusup
* Asad Ismatov - Ali
* Ivan Bobrov
* M. Mirakilov
* A. Pirmukhamedov | WIKI |
User:Vipul/Shashank Khaitan
Shashank Khaitan is a movie director in Bollywood, India's Hindi-language movie industry, best known for writing and directing Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania, released in 2014.
Early life
Khaitan was born in Kolkata and raised in Nashik, Maharashtra in a Marwari business family.
Although he was interested in watching movies since a very young age, but was initially more into sports, playing cricket and tennis tournaments. At the age of 17, he decided to pursue a career in entertainment.
Khaitan joined Whistling Woods International Institute (a film institute started and supported by veteran movie director Subhash Ghai) to break into the movie industry. He credits the institute with giving him the technical background, and also credits the institute's faculty (who work actively in the movie industry) with making him feel comfortable on set by inviting the students to accompany them to set. While at Whistling Woods, Khaitan worked on his first attempted movie, Sherwani Kahaan Hai, with some of his fellow students at Whistling Woods, but the movie was not successfully completed.
In 2008, Khaitan starred as Manohar in Roorkee By-Pass, a 22-minute drama directed by Arundhati Sen Verma, and assisted on the set of Subhash Ghai's Black & White.
'Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania
Khaitan's initial plan with Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania was to make it a story of two con artists who fall in love, similar to Bunty Aur Babli. However, as he worked on the script, he found the characters turning out sweeter than he had anticipated, and falling in love with each other. Khaitan cites Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (DDLJ) and Casablanca as inspiration for his script, and the movie pays homage to DDLJ as well as Kuch Kuch Hota Hai.
Khaitan, who believed that Bollywood had not produced a great love story since Jab We Met, strove to keep the characters more real and grounded, while at the same time conveying a grand love story. In response to critics who say that the movie continues some old Bollywood cliches such as approval of parents, he calls this a reflection of how Indian society has not changed all that much since the making of DDLJ.
After finishing the first draft of his script, then with the title Humpty Sharma Di Love Story, Khaitan sent it to Dharma Productions. Karan Johar looked at the script, said he liked it, and said that Dharma Productions would make the film, though he wasn't sure if Khaitan would direct it. Khaitan made some improvements to the script and Johar decided to let Khaitan direct the film. This was a departure from past precedent at Dharma, where most directors were people who had previously worked as assistant directors or assistant producers on movies. Khaitan selected Varun Dhawan and Alia Bhatt for the movie after watching their performance in Student Of The Year. One of Khaitan's goals with the filming was to "keep it real" and to make sure that all characters were well-prepared before they shot the scene on set.
Further ventures
Khaitan's next movie, which will be filmed in 2016, will also be produced by Dharma Productions and star Varun Dhawan. The female lead is not yet known. | WIKI |
Tekle Kiflay
Brigadier General Tekle Kiflay is the current commander of Operation Zone One in Eritrea. The country has five operation zones, each headed by a high-ranking military official. These zones overlap the 6 administrative regions. The power of the Operation Zone commanders supersedes that of the administrators. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 100 Part 3.djvu/921
PUBLIC LAW 99-514—OCT. 22, 1986
100 STAT. 2729
"(b) INFORMATION RETURNS.—The Secretary may by regulations
require a return to be filed containing such information as he determines to be necessary for purposes of this chapter. "SEC. 2663. REGULATIONS.
"The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this chapter, including— "(1) such regulations as may be necessary to coordinate the provisions of this chapter with the recapture tax imposed under section 2032A(c), and "(2) regulations (consistent with the principles of chapters 11 and 12) providing for the application of this chapter in the case of transferors who are nonresidents not citizens of the United States." (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of chapters for subtitle B is amended by striking out the item relating to chapter 13 and inserting in lieu thereof the following: "CHAPTER 13. Tax on generation-skipping transfers." SEC. 1432. RELATED AMENDMENTS. (a) INCOME TAX DEDUCTION FOR GENERATION-SKIPPING TRANSFER TAX.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (a) of section 164 (relating to deduction for certain taxes), as amended by section 134, is amended by inserting after paragraph (4) the following new paragraph: "(5) the GST tax imposed on income distributions." (2) DEFINITIONS.—Subsection (b) of section 164, as so amended, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph: "(4) SPECIAL RULES FOR GST TAX.—
"(A) IN GENERAL.—The GST tax imposed on income distributions is— "(i) the tax imposed by section 2601, and "(ii) any State tax described in section 2604, but only to the extent such tax is imposed on a transfer which is included in the gross income of the distributee and to which section 666 does not apply. "(B) SPECIAL RULE FOR TAX PAID BEFORE DUE DATE.—Any
tax referred to in subparagraph (A) imposed with respect to a transfer occurring during the taxable year of the distributee (or, in the case of a taxable termination, the trust) which is paid not later than the time prescribed by law (including extensions) for filing the return with respect to such transfer shall be treated as having been paid on the last day of the taxable year in which the transfer was made." (3) DEDUCTION FOR TAX IN CASE OF TAXABLE TERMINATIONS.—
Paragraph (3) of section 691(c) (relating to deduction for estate tax) is amended to read as follows: "(3) SPECIAL RULE FOR GENERATION-SKIPPING TRANSFERS.—In
the case of any tax imposed by chapter 13 on a taxable termination or a direct skip occurring as a result of the death of the transferor, there shall be allowed a deduction (under principles similar to the principles of this subsection) for the portion of such tax attributable to items of gross income of the trust which
� | WIKI |
Engerica
Engerica were an English alternative rock band heavily influenced by metal, grunge and punk. The several styles incorporated into their music made them difficult to categorise for music fans and industry professionals. Despite that the band gained a cult like following and towards the end of their career received support from major British music industry publications including Kerrang!, Rock Sound, Big Cheese and Metal Hammer music magazines.
Members and history
Engerica formed in Essex in 2000 featuring David Gardner on lead vocals and guitar, Mike Webster on Bass and backing vocals and Neil-Ross Gregory on drums, percussion and backing vocals. Their name was believed to be a combination of England and America but the band never confirmed or denied this. In December, 2000 the band played their first show. The band's tracks featured on many compilation albums including Fierce Panda Records, plus via Rock Sound, Kerrang! and Metal Hammer magazines.
Their debut single "The Detective Show" was self-released. Many of the band's earliest self-released music was available in analog format on cassette tape and compact disc. The band's first official single "Trick or Treat" was independently released on Wrath Records in 2003. The same year the band signed to London based independent label Infectious Records, where they put out further singles including "The Detective Show" and "The Smell". These singles were available as physical compact discs, often in limited quantities. Much of their music was released before the widespread advent of digital music downloading.
In January 2005, Engerica signed to Sanctuary Records and recorded their only album, There Are No Happy Endings, which after delays was eventually released March 13, 2006 to mixed reviews. The band's eclectic and mixed musical styles made their sound difficult to market and promote despite a loyal albeit modest fan base. The same year the band featured on the Metal Hammer Awards 2006 DVD given away exclusively with the magazine in stores. The band were nominated for "Best British Newcomer 2006" but did not win.
Their debut album was made up largely of previously released singles which had been re-recorded and given a more professional production sound. The album disappointed some longtime fans who were eager for new material. The band's last official single was a re-release of "The Smell", featuring the re-recorded version from their debut album. The single release was accompanied by a short UK tour in support of the album and single. The band announced on Wednesday 23 August 2006 that they would be going their separate ways as of November 2006. Their final gig was a sold out, Halloween inspired show held on 26 October 2006 at Chinnerys in Southend-on-Sea.
Band members post Engerica work
Bassist Mike Webster began his own solo project in late 2005, showing new material at intimate acoustic shows and open-mic nights around London. He began to record his new material with backing band prior to Engerica's mutual split. He co-wrote many songs with his identical twin brother James 'Jim' Webster. Some of his set lists included acoustic versions of songs he'd contributed to Engerica. The year after the split in 2007, Webster returned to the music scene with his new band named Baddies, co-founded and fronted with his twin brother. The band achieved moderate success before disbanding in 2012. Mike Webster is now bassist for the band Asylums, whose debut album was released on Cool Thing Records in 2016 to positive reviews. The band's latest album Alien Human Emotions was released on Cool Thing Records on 4 July 2018.
Vocalist and guitarist David Gardner began working as a film and media studies teacher, while attending university to study. After graduating university and qualifying as a music teacher, he was a full time tutor at a Sixth Form college near London. As of 2018, he is a media and film teacher at the King John School in Benfleet, Essex.
Drummer Neil-Ross Gregory drummed for other bands and music projects including work as a session musician after Engerica's initial break. It is unknown what, if any music projects he is currently involved in.
Album
* There Are No Happy Endings (13 March 2006) Sanctuary Records
Music videos
* Roadkill (2005)
* The Smell (2006)
Other
Demo, compilation albums, compilation EPs | WIKI |
×
zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
Covering dimension and differential inclusions. (English) Zbl 1038.47501
Lower semicontinuous multivalued mappings \(\Phi\), \(\Psi : X \to 2^Y\) are considered, where \(X\), \(Y\) are Banach spaces. Under some assumptions (closedness and convexity of the values of \(\Phi \) and \(\Psi \), surjectivity of \(\Phi \), a certain compactness of \(\Psi\), etc.), it is shown that \[ \dim (\{x \in X;\;\Phi (x) \cap \Psi (x) \neq \emptyset \}) \geq \dim (\Phi ^{-1}(0)), \] where \(\dim \) denotes the covering dimension. Two applications to differential inclusions are given.
MSC:
47H04 Set-valued operators
26E25 Set-valued functions
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Full Text: EuDML | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
TY - JOUR AU - Ehigie, Adeola Folashade AU - Adeleke, Gbadebo Emmanuel AU - Oladiran, Wasiu Ayinde AU - Ehigie, Leonard Ona PY - 2019/09/10 Y2 - 2020/05/26 TI - Screening for rhodanese producing Bacterium in freshly pressed Cassava effluents of a Cassava processing industry channeled to Odo-Oba Stream in Ogbomoso-Nigeria JF - Journal of Applied and Natural Science JA - JANS VL - 11 IS - 3 SE - Research Articles DO - 10.31018/jans.v11i3.2055 UR - https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/view/2055 SP - 650-656 AB - Rhodanese is a key enzyme that plays an important role in cyanide detoxification. The enzyme was extracted, purified and physico-chemically characterised from Bacillus licheniformis which demonstrated the highest efficacy compared to the seven isolates of bacteria of the cassava processing industry effluent morpholologically and biochemically characterised. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and values were considered significant at p<0.05. This study showed that the optimum growth temperature was 350C at a pH 9.0. The highest duration time for the synthesis of rhodanese was at 40 hours. Potassium cyanide (KCN) and casein were the best carbon and nitrogen sources. The enzyme has a specific activity of 10.99 RU/mg, with a purification fold of 4.38, a percentage yield of 15.96%. The apparent Km for KCN and Sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) were determined to be 30.24mM and 24.93mM respectively while their Vmax were 5.40 RU /ml/min and 5.07 RU /ml/min respectively. The optimum pH and temperature were 8.0 and 50 0C respectively. The enzyme showed a high stability at 500C. The enzyme showed specificity at 6.78 RU/ml/min for Na2S2O3 while it was inhibited by other sulphur containing substrates namely 2-mercaptoethanol, ammonium persulphate, and sodium metabisulphite The enzyme activity was not inhibited by metal ions such as (K+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Ni2+, Sn2+ and Na+) at 1mM and 10mM and was not significant (p>0.05). Therefore, B. licheniformis have the potentials of reducing cyanide pollution thereby enhancing effective management of cassava mill effluent before eventual discharge into the environment and this may be developed into a more effective tool for bioremediation. ER - | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Exercise as it relates to Disease/Improving strength and function in Parkinson's Disease through eccentric resistance training
Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, degenerative disorder of the central neural system (CNS), causing a loss of mobility and difficulty controlling movements. The disease does not cause death, and can be lived with for a number of years, however, a person's quality of life is degraded. There is no definitive cause of PD, and there is no cure for the neurodegenerative process.
Prevalence
In Australia currently, approximately 80,000 people have PD, with the average age of diagnosis around 65. Worldwide, it is the second most common neurological disease. The incidence of the disease increases with age, and the ageing population is likely to cause an increased frequency of the disease.
Effects
* Loss of or damage to dopamine secreting neurons in the substansia nigra, resulting in bradykinesia
* Bradykinesia: One of the most recognisable and debilitating symptoms of Parkinson's, as it involves a slowing of movement and difficulty controlling movement.
* Speech difficulties
* Rapid eye movement disorders
* Fatigue
* Impaired memory
* Sleep problems
* Pain
* Depression
Why resistance training?
There is currently no cure for PD, however there are treatments to help people deal with symptoms. Recently, research into the impact that high-intensity resistance training has on people with PD has shown positive evidence for its use as a method of treatment.
* The goal of resistance training is to achieve muscle hypertrophy, which should aid in increasing functional strength in people with PD
* Resistance training has the potential to slow the loss of strength due to bradykinesia through this hypertrophy, and therefore improve a person's quality of life
* Bradykinesia is likely to amplify the effects of age induced sarcopenia, resulting in a positive feedback response which increases strength deficits. Resistance training can help to reduce these deficits.
* There is a strong relationship between poor lower body strength, poor balance, and falls. Increasing lower body strength through resistance training can help to reduce the incidence of falls
Where is the research from?
The research, conducted by Dibble et al., was reviewed and approved by the University of Utah Health Services Centre Institutional Board. Funding was received from the University of Utah and the Foundation for Physical Therapy.
What kind of research was this?
Dibble et al.'s study was exploratory research, which is appropriate in this situation given how few studies had been conducted prior to this research on this particular topic.
What did the research involve?
Participants were recruited on a voluntary basis through local hospitals based on their involvement in movement disorder programs. Exclusion criteria included unpredictable motor fluctuations which were not being controlled by medicine, and existing conditions that were likely to limit participation in the exercise program. 20 people were initially recruited, however one person dropped out due to unrelated health problems. Participants were between 40 and 85 years of age and suffered from mild to moderate idiopathic PD.
Baseline information about muscle volume and mobility was gained through MRI scans and measures of mobility which have been proven to be appropriate by previous research (6 minute walk, stair ascent and descent). Participants were assigned to either the eccentric exercise group or the standard care control group. The two groups performed the same programs, including light stretching, walking on a treadmill, riding a standard cycle ergometer, and lifting weights with upper exptremities for 45–60 minutes 3 days a week for 12 weeks. The eccentric exercise group performed lower extremity resistance training in addition to this program.
Basic results
There were no significant differences between the groups before the intervention, however, both groups showed a significant difference in muscle volume in the quadriceps between the affect and non affected legs. The training returned several significant results:
* An increase in muscle volume in both legs in the eccentric exercise group, greater than in the standard care group
* Increased average torque in both legs in the eccentric exercise group, which exceeded the standard care group
* Significant improvements in 6 minute walk and stair descent in eccentric exercise group
How did the researchers interpret the results?
Dibble et al. reported that their research demonstrates that quadriceps hypertrophy is clinically significant due to the association between muscle mass and strength and mobility limitations in older people. Further, their results are in line with previous studies which have demonstrated increases in muscle volume in older people who engage in strength training. The improvements in stair descent results indicate the functional benefit of eccentric training.
While the eccentric exercise group showed positive results, members of the standard care control group experienced minimal changes, and some worsened. This was of concern to the researchers because the exercise protocol used for the control group exceeded the guidelines recommend by various PD patient advocacy groups.
What conclusions should be taken away from this research?
Dibble et al. concluded that a 12 week eccentric resistance training program can produce hypertrophy, increase strength, and improve mobility in people with PD.
However, because this was an exploratory study, further research is needed before results of this research can be generalised beyond the sample population.
Further research needs to be conducted to determine the relative contribution of neural processes to muscle hypertrophy in people with PD. Dibble et al. acknowledge that the gains experienced by the eccentric group are still far smaller than those experienced by younger people with no neurological conditions undertaking a similar program. This is likely to be related to an altered neural drive to skeletal muscle, however more information is needed.
What are the implications of this research?
The results of this study imply that muscle volume and strength is important for elderly populations and those with PD. Therefore, if muscle hypertrophy can be achieved through a training program, their mobility is likely to be improved.
Dibble et al.'s research demonstrates that eccentric training may be a suitable form of treatment for people with PD, however further research involving larger groups is needed to validate their findings and overcome the issues with their study format. | WIKI |
Who was Muammar Al Gaddafi and what did he do? What benefits did Libya get during his leadership and why was he Assassinated?
Muammar Al Gaddafi became the de facto leader of Libya on 1 September 1969 after leading a group of young Libyan military officers against King Idris I in a bloodless coup d’état.
Born near Sirte, Italian Libya to a poor Bedouin family, Gaddafi became an Arab nationalist while at school in Sabha, later enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. Within the military, he founded a revolutionary cell which deposed the Western-backed Senussi monarchy of Idris in a 1969 coup.
According to Joseph T. Stanik, Gaddafi reportedly employed a cadre of female bodyguards because he believed that an Arab gunman would have difficulty firing at women.
The First Libyan Civil War, also referred to as the Libyan Revolution or 17 February Revolution, was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and those seeking to oust his government.
Muammar Gaddafi, the deposed leader of Libya, was captured and killed on 20 October 2011 during the Battle of Sirte. Gaddafi was found hiding in a culvert west of Sirte and captured by National Transitional Council forces. He was killed shortly afterwards. | FINEWEB-EDU |
How Spark Plugs Work
Swapping Out Spark Plugs: An Overview
Changing spark plugs isn't too hard, even for the mechanically disinclined. If you're careful, you should have little trouble.
How do you know if your plugs need to be changed? The surest sign is on your odometer. Spark plugs usually need to be changed every 30,000 miles (48,280 kilometers). Some high-performance plugs can go as long as 100,000 miles (160,934 km) before replacement. If you don't know when yours were last changed or if you have an engine that runs roughly or has recently exhibited a decrease in fuel economy, well, that could mean that your engine might benefit from some fresh, clean sparks. As always, check the owner's manual to see what works best for your vehicle.
You'll need a spark plug socket for your socket wrench and a gap gauge. You can buy a spark plug socket wrench specifically made to fit your car's plugs or you can get a universal spark plug socket wrench made to fit the most common hex head sizes. As we've already said, you probably won't need to gap your plugs, but you may need a gap gauge to double-check that the space between the center electrode and the ground electrode is correct.
To find the plugs, simply locate the wires and follow them. There's usually only one plug per cylinder, but they fire in a specific order set by the manufacturer. Pick one plug to start with and gently remove only that wire. Changing one spark plug at a time is a lot easier than resetting the engine after you've replaced the wires in the wrong order.
Now whip out that new spark plug socket and put it on the end of your wrench. Plug sockets usually have a layer of foam inside to make this process easier. (It grips the spark plug.) If your socket doesn't have a gasket, use a little electrical tape inside the socket to get a better grip. Brush any debris away as you remove the plug. When the plug is unscrewed, just lift it out of the hole.
If you're going to gap, do so now. Your owner's manual should tell you where the gap should be set; set your gauge and slide it between the ground electrode and the center electrode. You want the electrodes to touch the gauge, but not too tightly.
Place the new spark plug in the empty hole using the plug socket. If possible, you may even want to remove the wrench and tighten the spark plug with your fingers. To make sure the threads are properly aligned, give the plug a couple of turns counterclockwise to seat it before tightening the plug by hand. Once the plug is finger-tight, you can finish the job with the socket wrench.
Connect the loose spark plug wire to the terminal at the top of the plug. You'll probably feel the wire snap on securely. When you've finished replacing the first spark plug and the wire is safely back in place, move on to the next plug in the row and repeat the entire process.
That was easy, right? Let's do some troubleshooting anyway.
More to Explore | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Devamrita Swami (2nd nomination)
I am a little confused.. :)
Hello and good day.
I am quite new to trying to make a post of an article on Wikipedia, so I would just like to hear if there is anything I can do about this maybe deletion of the article..
Is there anything I can do to maybe change it, so that it perhaps does not have to be deleted?
Have a nice day. :) Maltebakmand (talk) 14:58, 25 November 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
JS Tone
JS Tone (DE-234) is the sixth ship of the Abukuma-class destroyer escorts. She was commissioned on 8 February 1993.
Construction and career
Tone was laid down at Sumitomo Heavy Industries Tokyo Shipyard on 8 February 1991 and launched on 6 December 1991. She was commissioned on 8 February 1993 and deployed to Sasebo.
From 2–4 August 1999, Tone visited Busan, South Korea with the escort vessels JS Shirane and JS Setoyuki, and conducted the first Japan-Korea joint training in the East China Sea from the 4–5 August.
It was planned for the destroyer escort to be open to the public at Shibushi Port along with the escort vessels JS Sendai, JS Sawakaze, and the transport vessel JS Ōsumi at the Kanoya Air Festival held from 19 to 20 May 2001, but Fukuejima a Chinese Navy's ice-breaking information gathering ship sailing offshore was canceled due to tracking and monitoring. After leaving Sasebo on 2 October, the same year, she engaged in warning and surveillance activities for the US Navy amphibious assault ship USS Essex (LHD-2).
Around 5:30 pm on 16 February 2016, the Chinese Navy's East Sea Fleet sailed 85 km east-northeast of Taneshima from the Pacific Ocean to the East China Sea. The frigate CHINESE FRIGATE Yantai, spy ship CHINESE SPY SHIP Tianlangxing and supply ship CHINESE SUPPLY SHIP Honghu were discovered together by P-3C aircraft belonging to the 5th Air Group and the support ship JS Genkai. After that, four ships were spotted heading west through the Ōsumi Strait. On 25 December, the Joint Staff Office of the Ministry of Defense announced that Tone was in the waters of the central East China Sea at around 4 pm on the 24th of the same month, with the Chinese Navy aircraft carrier CHINESE AIRCRAFT CARRIER Liaoning, three missile destroyers and three frigate ships, and one supply ship, visually confirming the aircraft carrier's presence. This is the first time that the Maritime Self-Defense Force has visually confirmed the aircraft carrier of the Chinese Navy. | WIKI |
The quest of FindPagesWithCriteria with a Block Property in EPiServer 7 CMS
There are several exciting things with the new Blocks in EPiServer 7 CMS. One of the most convenient things when you need to add a group of data to a page type, for example an image + alternative text or an url + clickable text or maybe a group of SEO data such as title, description and keywords.
Note that this article does not include how Global Blocks are saved. I have only focused on Blocks that are added as Properties on a Content Type.
I have create a sample Page Type TestPage containing 2 sets of the block TestBlock which itself only contains the string Property TestValue. TestBlock1 contains the value “abc” and TestBlock2 contains the value “def”.
When I check the database structure I can find these traces of ContentTypes, Properties and values. I have marked the recurring values to mark how the relations are set between all tables.
Database Structure
[tblContentType]
pkID ContentTypeGUID ModelType Name ContentType
23 34CC512A-5680-47CA-86EF-80F38A688F40 EPiServer.Templates.Alloy.Models.Blocks.TestBlock, EPiServer.Templates.Alloy, Version=1.0.0.30998, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null TestBlock 1
24 64E21501-096A-4983-AE87-03D274FE98B2 EPiServer.Templates.Alloy.Models.Pages.TestPage, EPiServer.Templates.Alloy, Version=1.0.0.30998, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null TestPage 0
[tblPropertyDefinitionType]
pkID Property Name TypeName AssemblyName fkContentTypeGUID
1010 12 TestBlock NULL NULL 34CC512A-5680-47CA-86EF-80F38A688F40
Where the column fkContentTypeGUID is null on PropertyDefinitionTypes that are not connected to a ContentType
[tblPropertyDefinition]
pkID fkContentTypeID fkPropertyDefinitionTypeID Name Property
133 23 7 TestValue 7
134 24 1010 TestBlock1 12
135 24 1010 TestBlock2 12
Where fkPropertyDefinitionTypeID 7 mean it’s a normal string and strangely 12 is a XhtmlString but I guess it has something to do with rendering. *adding to future blogs list*
[tblContentProperty]
pkID fkPropertyDefinitionID fkContentID fkLanguageBranchID ScopeName guid LongString LongStringLength
1628 133 183 1 .134.133. 1C2D6A8D-6973-4E36-9BC9-9E655506795C abc 6
1628 133 183 1 .135.133. 1C2D6A8D-6973-4E36-9BC9-9E655506795C def 6
I have created a Page of TestPage. The page have Id 183, it didn’t feel necessary to add that table to this chart but as you can see, the values of TestBlock1 and TestBlock2 have a fkContentID that referers to the PageData it is stored on.
The column ScopeName is a relational path that connects the Name property to the TestBlock Block named TestBlock1.
Find Pages based on this?
The datastructure for Blocks in tblContrentProperty are quite flat. Therefore I can find my Test Page by creating a FindPagesWithCriteria:
IPageCriteriaQueryService repository = ServiceLocator.Current.GetInstance();
PropertyCriteriaCollection criterias = new PropertyCriteriaCollection
{
new PropertyCriteria
{
Condition = CompareCondition.Equal,
Required = true,
Name = "TestValue",
Type = PropertyDataType.String,
Value = "abc"
}
};
PageDataCollection result = repository.FindPagesWithCriteria(ContentReference.RootPage, criterias);
FindPagesWithCriteria sends queries to a couple of Stored Procedures in the database and checks among the tables whether the Pages have a Property with the given name and if the Property value fits the criteria.
And what is the result?
Unfortunately since there is no way to define that I only want to search for a page where TestBlock1 have a TestValue with value “abc”, I will receive ALL pages that have a Property called TestValue with a value of “abc” no matter if they are saved on a block or directly on the page.
This really sounds like a job for EPiServer Find but if you don’t have it installed, FindPagesWithCriteria can be quite good at times except for the disadvantages of many queries to the database and its cumbersome API.
Though the advantages is its stability and being straightforward. Remember to not add too many criterion and try to Cache-smart if you using it
What I can find there is no good way to change the behaviour of FindPagesWithCriteria without copying quite alot of the existing logic or rewriting the existing Stores Procedures.
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Macular Hole
What is a macular hole?
Some patients develop a small hole in the very centre of the retina (photographic film at the back of the eye) called a macular hole. It causes an area of central blurring of vision and sometimes distortion of vision (straight lines becoming kinked or wavy). If left untreated you remain with a blurred patch in the centre of the vision but the peripheral (side) vision remains unaffected. It usually affects one eye only but can affect the second up in up to 10% to 20% of patients.
The eye is like a camera with the lenses at the front and a photographic film (retina) at the back. Between the two in the “body” of the camera is a clear jelly called vitreous. In patients who develop macular hole this jelly pulls on the very centre of the retina and pulls the tissues apart to create the hole. As it is a mechanical or tractional problem that has created the hole, it requires a mechanical or surgical treatment with a procedure called a phacovitrectomy.
What is the surgical treatment of macular hole?
A macula hole develops by the vitreous jelly within the main eye cavity pulling on the central part of the retina and pulling the retinal tissue apart to create a hole. Surgery involves removing this “pulling force” by removing the vitreous jelly from the main eye cavity and replacing it with a “pushing force” to push the tissue together and close the hole. This pushing force is produced by replacing the jelly with a large gas bubble inside the main eye cavity. It was initially thought that in order to “push hard” on the macular hole the patient had to posture “face down” for up to 2 weeks, day and night to allow the gas bubble to float up to the back of the eye to put pressure on the hole.
I performed some research in 2000 with a clinical study which was published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology to show that this prolonged posturing was not required in order to produce successful hole closure in most patients. Prolonged posture only needs to be performed in patients with large macular holes usually of long duration as well. Most patients with macular holes either need no “face down” posture or only limited posture in this position for the first 24 to 48 hours after surgery. The only restriction in positioning is that patients should avoid lying on their back for the first week following surgery as the gas bubble is least effective in closing the hole in this position as it floats to the front of the eye and away from the macula.
The gas bubble lasts about 6 weeks and gradually gets absorbed back into the blood stream over this period. The eye is initially almost completely full of gas and the vision is very blurred immediately after surgery. As the gas bubble disappears the vision slowly returns. What happens inside the eye is the opposite of what you actually see as things are optically reversed by the eye. Inside the eye the gas is buoyant and floats to the top of the eye when you are in the upright position. As it gets absorbed into the blood stream it is replaced by a clear fluid called aqueous humour which is produced at the front of the eye but following a vitrectomy passes into the vitreous cavity to occupy the whole eye cavity and not just the front of the eye. You first see something at the top of your field of vision and this area of clear vision slowly descends down. Usually by about 3 weeks following surgery you become a “human spirit level” with a “blob” in your vision with the upper half of the vision seeing well and the lower half still being blurred. The vision then continues to improve until usually the bubble breaks up into a few smaller bubbles due to changes in surface tension before they disappear completely. It is advisable not to drive until the gas bubble has completely disappeared and you must certainly not fly. If you significantly increase your altitude (fly or even drive up a high mountain) the gas bubble tries to expand due to the lower pressures in the surrounding atmosphere. Unfortunately because the eye has a rigid corneo-scleral envelope (the strong white of the eye and cornea or clear window at the front of the eye which is attached to the sclera) it cannot expand so as a result the pressure in the eye increases. If the pressure increases to a significant level it cuts off the blood supply to the eye and the vision can be permanently severely damaged. This is why it is so important to not fly until the bubble has completely disappeared. If you have a general anaesthetic for any other condition (such as an emergency operation) whilst there is still some gas in the eye then do please ensure that the anaesthetist knows about your gas bubble as there are certain anaesthetic gases such as nitrous that should not be used because of the same risk of raised pressure inside the eye. You should however have a wrist band placed immediately after your operation stating the gas that has been used. You should keep this wrist band on until the bubble has completely disappeared.
A vitrectomy operation alone will eventually result in the development of cataract and the large gas bubble will also cause progression of cataract. I have been very keen to perform what is called “combined surgery” for patients with macular holes for many years. This involves removing the lens of the eye at the time of the vitrectomy operation and replacing it with a new plastic intra-ocular lens. This is identical to the cataract surgery which occurs when the lens becomes cloudy. The advantage of this “combined” approach is that it prevents you having to come back for further cataract surgery months or years after the vitrectomy operation and also allows a bigger bubble to go inside the eye making face down posturing less necessary.
Surgery for macular hole can be under general or local anaesthetic (usually with some sedation) as a day case procedure. It involves creating three very small incisions in the sclera (white of the eye) at the front of the eye and all instruments are inserted through these small incisions. The operation usually takes about 1 hours. When the combined operation occurs (cataract removal as well as vitrectomy) drops have to be placed onto the eye every 2 hours during the day for the first 2 days then 4 times a day for one month. I normally phone my patients on the first day after surgery and perform a review about 3 weeks after surgery when usually the gas bubble has shrunk sufficiently to enable a view of the central macula area. An assessment by the optician occurs about 3 months following surgery.
Patients with macular hole complain of blurring and distortion of central vision. The operation has a 9 out of 10 chance of successfully closing the hole. The central retina (macula) is the most sophisticated piece of tissue in the body and it is not surprising that despite successful closure of the hole it is rare that the vision completely returns to normal. The aim of surgery is to improve rather than cure your symptoms and most patients notice a significant improvement in vision and a reduction in distortion but may be aware of a slight visual disturbance remaining. Most of the improvement in vision occurs within the first few months following surgery but sometimes things can continue to gradually improve many months after surgery.
Problems we can help with
I will explain with the aid of video clips the various eye problems I treat. This includes cataract surgery, refractive lens exchange in patients over 50 and medical and surgical treatments of all retinal and macular problems.
Cataract
I provides advanced micro-incision cataract surgery and will advise on the appropriate intra-ocular lens for your particular needs. This includes toric lenses to correct astigmatism and extended range of vision multifocal lenses to reduce spectacle dependance.
Refractive Lens Exchange (RLE)
Patients with strong glasses or contact lenses who's natural lens has lost its ability to focus (usually over 50 years) may benefit from RLE to reduce dependance on glasses or contact lenses. Surgery is beneficial for some but not all patients.
Macular Degeneration
Patients with wet (neovascular) age-related macular degeneration can benefit from prompt injection treatments with various anti-VEGF agents. The first injection can usually be performed on the day of consultation as as "see and treat service".
Retinal Vein Occlusion
Blockage to the veins of the retina can produce significant visual disturbance and may require injection treatments with anti-VEGF agents or steroids at Exeter Eye. More severe cases may require laser or surgery at the West of England Eye Unit under Mr Simcock's care..
Diabetic Eye Disease
Diabetes is becoming increasingly common and can cause significant visual loss. If detected at an early stage vision can be maintained using injection treatments with anti-VEGF agents or steroids. More serious cases may require laser or surgery at the West of England Eye Unit.
Macular Hole
Mr Simcock has pioneered macular hole surgery in the UK and performs a technique which includes lens removal to prevent patients returning for cataract surgery. The technique also benefits from no or limited (2 day) face down posturing to allow hole closure in most macular holes.
Epiretinal Membrane
Scar tissue on the surface of the macular (central retina) causes blurring and distortion of vision. Surgical removal of scar tissue with vitrectomy can be performed if sufficiently troubled. Most patients notice a significant improvement in vision and reduced distortion with this surgery..
Floaters
Patients troubled by floaters in their vision not improving over a period of at least 6 months may benefit from vitrectomy surgery to remove the floaters. Patient selection is important and depends on age (usually over 50) and the state of the jelly (vitreous) in the main eye cavity. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Mitch MacDonald
Mitch MacDonald (born October 22, 1985) is a Canadian singer who was runner-up in season 6 of the reality series Canadian Idol.
Early life
MacDonald is from Port Hood, Nova Scotia on Cape Breton Island. He grew up in a family of seven siblings. He worked primarily as a carpenter before Idol. He cites his musical influences as including fellow Cape Bretoner Gordie Sampson. Bright Eyes is one of his favourite bands.
Canadian Idol
On Canadian Idol in 2008, MacDonald worked with such artists as Anne Murray, Simple Plan, Gavin Rossdale, and Tom Jones. During his run on Idol, he never appeared in the "bottom two" or "bottom three".
Music writer Martha Worboy described MacDonald's music as "tender, mostly acoustic renderings." He received accolades in particular for his rendition of Joel Plaskett's "Love This Town", which drew comparisons to Paul Simon from the judges. Nova Scotia Premier Rodney MacDonald, a musician himself before entering politics, said, "The key to his success throughout the contest was that he remained true to his musical roots."
Post-Idol
MacDonald toured Canada as part of the Top 3 Tour, with Theo Tams, and Drew Wright.
As of 2010, he continued to tour occasionally, both in his home province and in other parts of Canada, and he started work on an album. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2007-12-10/WikiProject report
WikiProject Greater Manchester is a WikiProject that aims to improve any of Wikipedia's articles related to Greater Manchester of the United Kingdom. Started by on 24 February 2007, it has grown to 30 participants. As of 8 November, all articles within its scope that used its project banner had been assessed.
Interview with
We interviewed, one of the project's most active members.
* 1. What is the best way for users unfamiliar with Greater Manchester-related topics, new to Wikipedia, or just interested to get involved in the project?
* Well, there are quite a few ways in which any unsuspecting member of Wikipedia can get involved with our works. Our project talk page, has become very active in the past few months, and we are always striving hard to help other users who may have issues or who are just in need of advice on what article they may be editing. It's also a few months since we introduced the welcome templates, just as any other WikiProject's, they work by recognising a users abilities to add content to articles, whilst also keeping key Wiki-policies in mind. Unusually, we use two messages for welcoming users, one as sign that we know they are editing to articles which may be related to Greater Manchester, and then one after once they may or may not have registered.
* 2. What do you think about the progress the project has made during its time on Wikipedia?
* Since the opening editor, Pit-yacker- set up the project, we've now collectively understood that there are at least 820 pages relating to Greater Manchester, (which ideally we'd love to get all to FA standard), there are now 9 featured articles (most in the last month or so), 11 good articles and at least 75 B-class articles, the whole list is viewable here. Several of the editors, including Jza84, Malleus Fatuarum, And-Rew and WebHamster, have all been dedicated to the cause of the project and have collaborated together to build the effects we see today. An example of the work done by the project is, Manchester. Once a small article (before the founding of the project), but with months of work by many of the editors and some others, it's now featured with over 105 kilobytes of information. It gained unanimous support at it's FAC back in November and every issue that was set by some editors, was swiftly corrected. The GA reviewer, Pursey, even commented on the swiftness and dedication of all involved, and was so impressed gave a barnstar to every user that was involved.
* 3. Are there any ongoing discussions pertaining to project issues or articles in the project's scope?
* Hmm…well there are two articles which are undergoing extensive scrutiny at the Project talk page, namely Altrincham and Pendlebury, which are receiving quite a bit of "editor reviewing" and good feedback from other users in the project. There are also quite a few cases where some users are using sandboxes or the template on pages which are receiving, mostly, exclusive edits by the users who instigate the notice. Apart from that, WP:GM is coming along quite nicely.
* 4. What is the advantage of having the project's newsletter?
* The newsletter, which was set up in October (about the time as most other project’s newsletters founding) is a great way of bringing together the project’s members. I set it up to create an outreach to some of the users which may be not up to full editing activity and to inform some other users who may be active, but not necessarily involved with the project (or at least up to one post every two weeks) to inform them of project developments, and to maybe even trigger a, what I’d like to call, "SAD – sole article dedication". The acronym not pertaining to the emotion, obviously. :)
* 5. What are some of the project's most recent successes?
* As with the response to Question 2, the project has come along way since it’s foundation and has become recognised by some outside editors as a great way of helping Greater Manchester related articles upto scratch. The example of Manchester previously, is only a small part of what’s been happening. 9 featured articles, 5 of which have been passed in the last month, in itself shows the large and wide-spread activity which has occurred. From motorways (freeways) to metropolitan boroughs (districts) we’re working on them all. And the relative portal, Portal:North West England, also recently became featured. | WIKI |
Local Union No. 189, Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North America v. Jewel Tea Company, Inc./Dissent Douglas
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, with whom Mr. Justice BLACK and Mr. Justice CLARK concur, dissenting.
If we followed Allen Bradley Co. v. Local Union No. 3, 325 U.S. 797, 65 S.Ct. 1533, 89 L.Ed. 1939, we would hold with the Court of Appeals that this multiemployer agreement with the union not to sell meat between 6 p.m. and 9 a.m. was not immunized from the antitrust laws and that respondent's evidence made out a prima facie case that it was in fact a violation of the Sherman Act.
If, in the present case, the employers alone agreed not to sell meat from 6 p.m. to 9 a.m., they would be guilty of an anticompetitive practice, barred by the antitrust laws. Absent an agreement or conspiracy, a proprietor can keep his establishment open for such hours as he chooses. Cf. Textile Workers v. Darlington Mfg. Co., 380 U.S. 263, 85 S.Ct. 994. My Brother WHITE recognizes, as he must, that the agreement in this case has an 'effect on competition (that) is apparent and real' and that it is an 'obvious restraint on the product market,' ante, p. 1603. That Jewel has been coerced by the unions into respecting this agreement means that Jewel cannot use convenience of shopping hours as a means of competition. As the Court of Appeals pointed out, 331 F.2d, at 550, there is nothing procompetitive about this agreement. Cf. Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. United States, 246 U.S. 231, 38 S.Ct. 242, 62 L.Ed. 683.
At the conclusion of respondent's case, the District Court dismissed Associated and Bromann from the action, which was tried without a jury, on the ground that there was no evidence of a conspiracy between Associated and the unions. But in the circumstances of this case the collective bargaining agreement itself, of which the District Court said there was clear proof, was evidence of a conspiracy among the employers with the unions to impose the marketing-hours restriction on Jewel via a strike threat by the unions. This tended to take from the merchants who agreed among themselves their freedom to work their own hours and to subject all who, like Jewel, wanted to sell meat after 6 p.m. to the coercion of threatened strikes, all of which if done in concert only by businessmen would violate the antitrust laws. See Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. Federal Trade Comm'n, 312 U.S. 457, 465, 61 S.Ct. 703, 85 L.Ed.
In saying that there was no conspiracy, the District Court failed to give any weight to the collective bargaining agreement itself as evidence of a conspiracy and to the context in which it was written. This Court makes the same mistake. We said in Allen Bradley Co. v. Local Union No. 3, supra, 325 U.S. at 808, 65 S.Ct. at 1539, ' * * * we think Congress never intended that unions could, consistently with the Sherman Act, aid non-labor groups to create business monopolies and to control the marketing of goods and services.' Here the contract of the unions with a large number of employers shows it was planned and designed not merely to control but entirely to prohibit 'the marketing of goods and services' from 6 p.m. until 9 a.m. the next day. Some merchants relied chiefly on price competition to draw trade; others employed courtesy, quick service, and keeping their doors open long hours to meet the convenience of customers. The unions here induced a large group of merchants to use their collective strength to hurt others who wanted the competitive advantage of selling meat after 6 p.m. Unless Allen Bradley is either overruled or greatly impaired, the unions can no more aid a group of businessmen to force their competitors to follow uniform store marketing hours than to force them to sell at fixed prices. Both practies take away the freedom of traders to carry on their business in their own competitive fashion.
My Brother WHITE'S conclusion that the concern of the union members over marketing hours is 'immediate and direct' depends upon the there being a necessary connection between marketing hours and working hours. That connection is found in the District Court's finding that 'in stores where meat is sold at night it is impractical to operate without either butchers or other employees.' 215 F.Supp. 839, 846. It is, however, undisputed that on some nights Jewel does so operate in some of its stores in Indiana, and even in Chicago it sometimes operates without butchers at night in the sale of fresh poultry and sausage, which are exempt from the union ban.
It is said that even if night self-service could be carried on without butchers, still the union interest in store hours would be immediate and direct because competitors would have to stay open too or be put at a disadvantage-and some of these competitors would be non-self-service stores that would have to employ union butchers at night. But Allen Bradley forecloses such an expansive view of the labor exemption to the antitrust laws. | WIKI |
User:Dsoiza
Mr Dylan Soiza (LL.B LL.M) was born in Gibraltar in May 1993. He is a Barrister by profession having read law at St Mary's University in London and Northumbria University in Newcastle. | WIKI |
Mind-Body Healing: Importance of Rest
Mind-Body Healing: Importance of Rest
Mind-body healing involves the intricate interplay between physical and mental well-being, with rest playing a pivotal role in achieving this balance. This discussion explores the significance of rest in promoting overall wellness and optimizing cognitive function. The undeniable impact of rest on mental clarity, emotional resilience, and physical health is evident. By examining the various aspects of restorative sleep, active rejuvenation, and the interdependent relationship between work and repose, this exploration seeks to highlight the essential role of rest in the pursuit of mind-body healing. Embracing the strategic integration of rest into daily routines is crucial, as it nurtures the body’s natural healing abilities, enhances cognitive abilities, and promotes emotional stability.
Key Takeaways
The significance of rest cannot be emphasized enough in promoting mind-body healing and overall well-being. Rest plays a vital role in sustaining physical health, mental clarity, emotional well-being, and restoring sleep. By striking a balance between work and rest, individuals can enhance their creativity, productivity, and decision-making abilities. Rest is not a luxury but a necessity for maintaining a healthy and balanced life. Just as a symphony requires moments of silence to create beautiful music, the body and mind require rest to function optimally.
Rest and Physical Health
The adequate amount of rest is essential for maintaining optimal physical health. Quality rest, including sufficient sleep, plays a crucial role in physical well-being. During rest, the body repairs and rejuvenates muscles, reduces inflammation, and fortifies the immune system. It is during rest that the body’s stress levels are managed, thereby reducing the risk of stress-related physical ailments. Mental and physical health are intricately connected, and rest is a key factor in this relationship. Inadequate rest can lead to increased stress, which in turn can manifest as physical symptoms such as tension, headaches, and even compromised immune function. By ensuring that the body receives the necessary rest, individuals can relax and unwind, allowing the body to recuperate and promoting overall physical health. The importance of rest in preventing injuries and enhancing physical performance cannot be overstated. Athletes and individuals engaged in physical activities require adequate rest for muscle recovery and overall physical well-being. Therefore, prioritizing and maintaining the quality of rest is paramount for ensuring optimal physical health.
Mental Clarity and Rest
Rest is a crucial factor for mental clarity, enabling individuals to maintain focus and cognitive function. When individuals get sufficient rest, their minds can effectively process information and make sound decisions, promoting overall mental well-being. Quality sleep plays a significant role in both physical and mental rejuvenation, contributing to improved mental clarity. When the body is well-rested, it can better manage stress and reduce its impact on mental clarity. The healing process, both physically and mentally, is closely linked to the body’s ability to relax and rejuvenate during periods of rest. Rest is essential for reducing the cognitive load and enhancing the brain’s capacity to function optimally, thereby improving mental clarity. Taking breaks and allowing the mind to rest provides an opportunity to reset and refocus, ultimately leading to improved mental clarity. By recognizing the importance of rest in maintaining mental clarity, individuals can prioritize self-care and establish healthy habits that promote overall well-being.
Rest and Emotional Well-being
To achieve emotional well-being, individuals must prioritize rest for the benefit of their mental and physical health. Quality sleep and regular periods of rest and relaxation play a crucial role in nurturing emotional well-being. Rest helps to regulate emotions, improve mood, and enhance mental well-being. Adequate rest and relaxation contribute to mental clarity, reduce stress and anxiety, and promote overall emotional well-being. The link between rest and emotional well-being is evident in the positive impact that sufficient rest has on mental health. It allows individuals to better cope with daily stressors and challenges, fostering resilience and emotional stability.
Rest and relaxation provide an opportunity for introspection and self-care, allowing individuals to engage in activities that promote emotional healing and growth. By prioritizing rest, individuals can better regulate their emotions, leading to improved mental health and a greater sense of emotional well-being. Therefore, recognizing the importance of rest in maintaining emotional well-being is essential for individuals seeking to achieve a harmonious balance between their mental, emotional, and physical health.
Restorative Sleep
Adequate restorative sleep is essential for promoting physical and mental recovery, reducing stress levels, and enhancing overall well-being. Quality sleep plays a vital role in maintaining optimal energy levels, cognitive function, and a robust immune system. When individuals adhere to a consistent sleep schedule and prioritize restorative sleep, they allow their bodies to recuperate from the day’s physical exertion and mental strain. This, in turn, leads to improved stress levels, as the body is better equipped to manage and reduce stress when well-rested. Restorative sleep supports cognitive function, enhancing focus, problem-solving abilities, and overall mental acuity. A well-established sleep routine and prioritizing restorative sleep contribute to a strengthened immune system, enabling the body to fend off illnesses and infections more effectively. Therefore, recognizing the significance of restorative sleep and actively incorporating it into daily life can have far-reaching benefits for physical health, mental well-being, and overall quality of life.
Balancing Work and Rest
Finding a harmonious balance between work and rest is crucial for maintaining overall well-being and mental health. In today’s fast-paced society, the need to prioritize rest often gets overshadowed by the demands of daily tasks. However, giving adequate time for rest is essential for feeling good and performing at our best. Balancing work and rest involves regularly taking breaks throughout the day, ensuring enough quality sleep, and consciously avoiding overexertion. By doing so, individuals can improve their concentration, memory, and mood, which are vital for maintaining a healthy equilibrium between work and rest. It is important to recognize that integrating rest into daily routines, such as taking short breaks, not only promotes overall well-being but also ensures a balanced approach to work and rest. Ultimately, finding this balance is crucial for enhancing productivity, decision-making abilities, and reducing stress, thereby contributing to a well-rounded and sustainable work-life routine.
Conclusion
The importance of rest cannot be overstated when it comes to promoting mind-body healing and overall well-being. Rest plays a crucial role in maintaining physical health, mental clarity, emotional well-being, and restorative sleep. By finding a balance between work and rest, individuals can enhance their creativity, productivity, and decision-making abilities. Rest is not a luxury but a necessity for maintaining a healthy and balanced life. Just as a symphony needs moments of silence to create beautiful music, the body and mind need rest to function at their best.
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About the Author: daniel paungan | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Sugar: A Sweet “Poison”?
You’re probably familiar with what direction an article about the dangers of sugar will take–scary health facts followed by a typical laundry list of foods and sweets many believe life would be dull without. In our defense, though, we only mean well.
Take it from an esteemed science journal, Nature, that recently published the thoughts of a sociologist, endocrinologist, and public health expert from the University of California, San Fransisco in an article entitled “Public health: The toxic truth about sugar.” They argue that sugar should be regulated like alcohol and tobacco.
We are all too familiar with the consequences of tobacco and alcohol consumption. But why are these health experts teaming up against sugar? Sugar is partly responsible for the 35 million deaths that occur worldwide each year. Consider just a handful of causes of sugar-related deaths: metabolic syndrome (including diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease), cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
The Empty Calorie and Beyond
You don’t have to look hard to find traces of sugar in our food supply. In the past 50 years, our nation has tripled its consumtion of sugar. Every American downs a whopping 130 lbs of sugar each year (about 3 lbs per week). At least 500 calories of their daily intake comes from refined sugar, the nutritional facts of which is easy to remember – just memorize the number “zero”. That’s 500 empty calories of zero nutrition (zero vitamins, zero minerals, zero fiber, and zero enzymes).
Sugar is more than just an empty calorie. Its effects are comparable to that of alcohol. (After all, alcohol comes from the fermentation of sugar.)
According to the article in Nature, chronic alcohol and chronic sugar exposure can both cause the following health problems: hypertension, myocardial infarction, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, pancreatitis, obesity, malnutiriton, habituation/addiction, and liver dysfunction. They even touch on the negative social effects of sugar due to obesity-related social stigma.
Is Sugar Making your Liver Fat?
Let’s zone in on one of these health problems: liver dysfunction. Liver problems generally flow under the radar because the symptoms and effects develop slowly but (dangerously) surely. When we think of liver problems, we usually think “cirrhosis” and when we hear the word “cirrhosis” we instantly think “alcoholic.” It’s time to update the way we associate these conditions. Before cirrhosis comes fatty liver. So how does fat get into the liver? And what does sugar have to do with it?
Like alcohol, ingested sugar goes through the liver. When there’s too much sticky sugar going through, the liver ramps up its fat-production factory (lipogenesis) to its highest level. Lipogenesis converts the sugar to fat molecules and stores it in liver cells. One study found that just 3 weeks of excessive carb intake increased liver fat by 27%.
Ta da! We now have a fatty liver (think “foie gras” from an overfed duck), what was once mainly seen in alcoholics nearing the stages of cirrhosis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is becoming more common in non- and moderate-drinkers. They are at risk of developing a severe form of the disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. That’s right. One no longer needs to be an alcoholic to have a cirrhosis-like liver condition, just a habit of consuming too much sugar.
What does a fatty liver look like?
Inflammatory processes in the liver take off. The liver no longer metabolizes or detoxifies the way it used to. It starts to produce more LDL and less HDL (the “good”) cholesterol. The LDL starts traveling through and depositing itself in the arteries. Keep in mind, this is a very simple, summed-up version of what really happens. In reality, this is closely tied in with other problems throughout the body, including insulin resistance because of a desperate, over-worked pancreas.
If there is a bright spot about fatty liver, it’s that it is reversible before the point of steatohepatitis. Weight loss sustained by healthy lifestyle changes in diet and exercise can repair the liver.
Sugar is sweet and there’s no denying it can please the taste buds. However, quantity is a serious issue. How many more scary facts do we need to bridge the gap between our understanding of the science behind sugar and our actual habits? The UCSF team consider the dangers posed by excessive sugar consumption so serious they suggest serious measures: taxes (an option the country Denmark is considering), school bans, advertisement bans, age limits, zoning ordinances, and licensing requirements.
The change can start in your kitchen (and cupboard). Remember to cover your bases: good fats and oils (omega-3-rich foods and small amounts of essential omega-6’s), controlled carbohydrate intake for stabilized blood sugar, and antioxidant-rich greens and whole foods. EnergyFirst ProEnergy whey protein powder is ultra-low glycemic; it has next to no sugar (less than 1 gram per each 25 gram scoop). It helps support healthy weight loss and provides nutrients needed to burn fat and stay energized all day. Our Greenergy superfood blend is a sugar-free supply of liver-protecting nutrients and antioxidants.
Sources:
Nature 482, 27–29 (02 February 2012)
BMJ 2008;337:a2364
J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Sep;110(9):1307-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.06.008.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2014 Jun 27;111(26):447-5
Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Oct;96(4):727-34. Epub 2012 Sep 5.
9214 Total Views 1 Views Today | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
You're Making Me Hot-Hot-Hot
" You're Making Me Hot-Hot-Hot" is a successful English language single by Swedish singer Linda Pritchard. She sang the song written by Pritchard took part in the Melodifestivalen 2010 in a bid to represent Sweden in the 2010 Eurovision Song Contest in Oslo.
On 14 October 2009 SVT had revealed the first 27 entries which the jury had selected, of a total of 2860 submissions to the contest. However, on 15 October 2009, it was announced that the song "Never Heard of Him", composed by Figge Boström and Anna Engh, was disqualified after it appeared briefly on Figge Boström's MySpace page. The song was replaced on 20 October 2009 by this song "You're Making Me Hot-Hot-Hot", written by Tobias Lundgren, Johan Fransson and Tim Larsson.
Pritchard performed the song live on the first semi-final held on 6 February 2010 in Fjällräven Center, Örnsköldsvik in a strong dance number, joined on stage by six female backing dancers, with dancing typically being an integral part of her stage performance. The song however did not qualify for the finals coming 5th of 8 acts in the first semi-final.
Chart performance
Despite the fact that the song didn't pass through to the finals, it proved popular with the public and was released on Universal Sweden reaching #8 on the Sverigetopplistan, the official Swedish Singles Chart on the chart dated 26 February 2010. It stayed a total of 6 weeks on the chart. | WIKI |
List of state and union territory capitals in India
India is a federal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states and 8 union territories. All states, as well as the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, Puducherry and the National Capital Territory of Delhi, have elected legislatures and governments, both patterned on the Westminster model. The remaining five union territories are directly ruled by the central government through appointed administrators. In 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, states were reorganised on a linguistic basis. Their structure has since remained largely unchanged. Each state or union territory is further divided into administrative districts.
The legislatures of three states Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand meet in different capitals for their summer and winter sessions. Ladakh has both Leh and Kargil as its administrative capitals.
List
The state and union territory capitals are sorted according to administrative, legislative and judicial capitals. The administrative capital is where the executive government offices are located. The legislative capital is where the legislative assembly is located and the judicial capital is where the states or union territories' high courts are located. | WIKI |
TY - EJOU AU - Saraereh, Omar A. TI - A Novel Broadband Antenna Design for 5G Applications T2 - Computers, Materials \& Continua PY - 2021 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 1546-2226 AB - Wireless communication is one of the rapidly-growing fields of the communication industry. This continuous growth motivates the antenna community to design new radiating structures to meet the needs of the market. The 5G wireless communication has received a lot of attention from both academia and industry and significant efforts have been made to improve different aspects, such as data rate, latency, mobility, reliability and QoS. Antenna design has received renewed attention in the last decade due to its potential applications in 5G, IoT, mmWave, and massive MIMO. This paper proposes a novel design of broadband antenna for 5G mmWave and optical communication networks. It is a hybrid structure that works for both spectrums and contains an absorption dielectric material with an electrical large size. A hybrid transmission line theory ray-tracing technique is proposed efficient and rapid simulation and optimization of the proposed antenna design. The operating frequency and wavelength of the proposed antenna are 28 GHz in the mmWave band and 1550 nm for the optical spectrum. The spatial frequency is 30 lp/mm when the contrast transfer function is reduced to 0.7 for the optical signal. The effective focal length and aperture are 816.86 and 200 mm. The half-power beamwidth is 3.29° and the gain is 32.97 dBi for the mmWave band. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid antenna can effectively be deployed simultaneously for both optical and mmWave 5G communication networks. KW - Antenna; mmwave; broadband; composite waveguide; wireless communication DO - 10.32604/cmc.2021.015066 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Standard Test and Programming Language
JAM / STAPL ("Standard Test and Programming Language") is an Altera-developed standard for JTAG in-circuit programming of programmable logic devices which is defined by JEDEC standard JESD-71.
STAPL defines a standard .jam file format which supports in-system programmability or configuration of programmable devices. A JTAG device programmer implements a JAM player which reads the file as a set of instructions directing it to program a PLD.
The standard is supported by multiple PLD and device programmer manufacturers. | WIKI |
The earliest finding of jewellery was dated around 25,000 years ago.
This simple necklace made of fish bones was found in a cave in Monaco.
When did humans start wearing jewellery?
Wearing Jewelry Dates Back to the Cro-Magnons
While beads have been around for over 100,000 years, they were mainly used as currency. The actual wearing of jewellery is believed to have started with the Cro-Magnons, the ancestors of Homo sapiens.
What is the oldest jewellery in the world?
Perforated shell beads
The oldest known example of decorative jewellery are a group of 33 perforated shell beads, which were created and worn at least 142,000 years ago during the Early Middle Stone Age. The shells were excavated between 2014 and 2018 from the Bizmoune Cave near Essaouira in Morocco.
What was jewellery originally worn for?
Jewellery is a universal form of adornment. Jewellery made from shells, stone and bones survives from prehistoric times. It is likely that from an early date it was worn as a protection from the dangers of life or as a mark of status or rank. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Wikipedia talk:Neutral point of view/Archive 45
Judaism is a minority point of view
^^ Which should be obvious. I would, however, assume we're allowed to mention this POV on Wikipedia articles where it is relevant. Which, as such, seems like a fatal flaw in the tyranny-of-the-majority wording running around here lately. In b4 SlimVirgin! -- Kendrick7talk 02:38, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* Kendrick, this isn't like you... you seem to be trying to make a point here (and it is never good to edit policy just to make a point)... so I have to ask, where is this coming from? Is someone trying to remove discussion of a Jewish POV from an article? If so, which one (that does matter)? Judaism may have fewer adherents than some other religions... but I don't think you can really call the beliefs of several million people a "minority viewpoint". I suppose you could call it a relative minority... but that isn't what WP:UNDUE is talking about. Blueboar (talk) 02:53, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* Wikipedia is an educational resource, not a religious portal, and, therefore, it is not supposed to reflect any religious viewpoint. From the Wikipedian viewpoint, Judaism, Christianity, Taoism, etc., are just the objects of analysis, not the sources of wisdom. We can speak about representing some religious viewpoint neither as majority nor minority views; instead of that, we can speak only about presenting majority views on some religion. Therefore, in a context of Judaism, the majority view is a non-Jewish secular views on Judaism.
* Let me explain that using the following example. According to Wikipedia, the Universe emerged as a result of the Big Bang more than 14 billion years ago. According to Judaims, it was created by Elohim ("gods") few thousand years ago, however, the Judaist viewpoint does not belong to the article about the Universe as neither minority nor majority viewpoint, because it is not a secular viewpoint. It belongs to the article about Judaism. Similarly, the Christian views belong to the article about Christianity, etc. There is no prejudice against Jews in Wikipedia, we simply must remember that Wikipedia is a secular educational resource.--Paul Siebert (talk) 03:29, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* Actually, Wikipedia is not a "…secular educational resource." Articles are the building blocks of Wikipedia, and sources are the underpinnings of articles. Sources are relevant to articles, so each article has its own pertinent frame of reference. It may be secular, religious, or of any other quality as well. The particular article determines its frame of reference. Bus stop (talk) 04:10, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* Paul, you are confused. It is not wikipedia's opinion that the universe emerged 14 billion years ago. That is the prevailing opinion in astrophysics. We do not present that as a truth; we present that as a matter of scholarship. the majority/minority point that you are trying to make here drastically confuses different levels of analysis.
* When a reader comes to wikipedia to read about Judaism, s/he does not come here to read about a particular perspective on Judaism. The reader wants a decent overview of what Judaism is, from various perspectives, done in a way that is consistent with Jewish understandings of their own faith. Obviously Judaism becomes 'an object of analysis', but that does not mean that we treat it only from some strange secular perspective. We can easily describe what the faith is and says as a religion without either advancing it as Truth or reducing it to academic abstractions. -- Ludwigs 2 04:18, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* I believe Paul means we only do that on articles that are about Judaism, or creation theories per his example, rather than at Big Bang or Universe. I think that's consistent with WP:FRINGE, and his broader point about not having a Jewish point of view seems consistent in practice with your assertion that we don't take any point of view but present all relevant POVs--simply because on a scientific article, about a scientific topic, the overwhelming weight of relevant sources do take a scientific view, so much so that they don't even need attribution. That's not the case, of course, in more socially focused or religious articles. Where it gets interesting is in the scholarship of religion, which needs to be more carefully balanced against religious scholarship--two very different but related approaches, both notable, to the same subject. Ocaasi c 04:28, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* This discussion hurts my head. We shouldn't have to distinguish between someone's fringe theory that the moon was created by the Soviets as a propaganda tool, versus Judaism. I'm sure there's some rational dividing line between the good and the bad. But I trust people's good common sense to know the difference, and apply the principle of due weight fairly. Shooterwalker (talk) 04:53, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* I agree, but the current wording doesn't make that distinction. Instead it relies on the inverse of WP:DEMO. For example, we couldn't have an article that links to the Whig Party because -- for the majority of people living and breathing -- that's a minority POV. I'm happy to work towards a solution! -- Kendrick7talk 07:01, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* Um, I'm just pointing out that Judaism is clearly a minority POV, and given the recent wording of this policy, this minority view should be excluded from Wikipedia on all other articles besides the article on the religion itself. I don't make the rules! -- Kendrick7talk 05:53, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* Kendrick - not a good place to make a POINT. -- Ludwigs 2 06:03, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* OK, so maybe I'm making a WP:POINT. Regardless, it's a valid point, and I find the idea that per this policy we're not allowed to mention Judaism in the History of religion article problematic. I massaged this policy into sanity six months ago, and then took a long wikibreak. And I come back to see the lunatics running the asylum? -- Kendrick7talk 06:19, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* @Kendrick7, As per the section above..... They never left...... <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:26, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* Be nice, anon, and WP:AGF. There's an underlying idea here which isn't terrible, but the current wording is obviously erroneous. -- Kendrick7talk 06:54, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* First, who said we're not allowed to mention Judaism in the History of religion article? Second, why don't you add a link to the version of the policy that you preferred, so that we can compare and contrast. -- Ludwigs 2 07:07, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* I agree Ludwig: we should be able to mention and link to minority points of view. And I hope this policy can be fixed to reflect my Progressive point of view, -- Kendrick7talk 07:40, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* Kendrick7: I'm not so much interested in political stumping here. what specifically are the problems you are seeing or encountering? You seem to be annoyed by a non-existant problem, as best I can see, so you need to make the problem concrete. -- Ludwigs 2 15:28, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* OK, so I went back to your last edits on this policy page, which were in December, expecting to find extensive changes there. Indeed! This leads me to the question: Is the following an accurate summary of your concerns?
* Holocaust denial is not a good example of a minority position that should not get weight, so it should not be mentioned, but the fact that Judaism gets weight in the History of religion article is a relativisation of this policy, remarkable enough to be mentioned.
* The views of tiny minorities are automatically notable. They should be discussed in dedicated articles, where they should not be set in the context of the minority view. (The only exception to this principle is views that were once held by the majority and are now largely considered historical. Articles on such views should state the modern majority position.) They should get See also links from mainstream articles.
* Is that it? I am not sure it's what I would describe as sanity. Can you see Britannica following similar principles, for example? Hans Adler 07:12, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* Wow, that I removed an ad hitlorem argument from the project shows that I'm not editing in good faith? OK, where are the cameras? Funny gag come on out. -- Kendrick7talk 07:32, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* I said no such thing, but now that you have mentioned it: I did look at your history, found some interesting things there, and decided not to mention them because here we are just discussing this policy. I have merely described your edits to the policy. If we ignore any gag reflexes that may or may not be caused by the description, is there anything factually wrong, incomplete or otherwise misleading about it? Hans Adler 08:01, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* Kendrick7 talked about the sanity which he brought into this policy 6 months ago but which was reverted out. For everybody's convenience, this is the smallest section of the page history that contains all edits by Kendrick7 that happened earlier than today and later than 12 months ago. (Don't worry, it's not long.) There were also previous edits in January/February 2010 and in November 2007. Apart from today's edits, this is a complete list of Kendrick7's activities on the policy page. I believe the last time he discussed something on this talk page was in November 2007 (see Archive 30, nothing very relevant). I am providing these links because it may help in finding out what his concerns are. Hans Adler 08:23, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
Can we keep the personal comments out of this and someone explain clearly what the disagreement is? For what it's worth, I think the DUE/UNDUE section is (like many sections of these supposedly core policies) extremely badly phrased - possibly for the same reasons that Kendrick has in mind (though I'm not sure).--Kotniski (talk) 16:44, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* I am still trying to figure out Kendrick's argument that this policy implies that Judaism should not be mentioned in the History of religion article. So what if Judaism is a relative minority?... The policy clearly does not say we should omit minority opinions ... what WP:UNDUE says is that we can omit the opinions of TINY minorities. The word tiny is important. There are several million jews... so Judaism is not a TINY minority. (of course, when you then look at the differences of opinion that exist within Judaism... there are some views that are held by a tiny minority of Jews. some of those might be omitted... but not the views of mainstream Judaism). Blueboar (talk) 18:21, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* @ Bus stop. No, it is. One of WP pillars is verifiability, and any religious writing are not reliable sources for anything but the religious dogmas they tell about. It is quite easy to demonstrate that: try to go to WP:RSN with the question if the Bible, or Talmud, or Bhagavadgita are reliable sources for anything but Christianity, Judaism, or Krishnaism. Therefore, everything in Wikipedia is represented from the secular point of view, and even the article about religion contain the rational analysis of their dogmas, their origin, etc, so the religious viewpoint does not prevail even in the articles about religions.
* @ Ludwigs 2 . I am not. When I wrote "According to Wikipedia, the Universe emerged as a result of the Big Bang" I obviously didn't imply that Wikipedia had some specific viewpoint on that. Generally speaking, Wikipedia does not and cannot have any viewpoint different from what majority and significant minority of reliable sources have. Therefore, I obviously meant exactly what you have written: the prevailing opinion in astrophysics, who are the only reliable sources in this case.
* And, let me reiterate the point you are missing: Judaism, as well as Christianity, and all other religions, can be neither minority nor majority viewpoint; it is a religion Wikipedia tells about, not the viewpoint it represents. To demonstrate that I am wrong, please, point at any Wikipedia good article written from the point of view of some religion.--Paul Siebert (talk) 18:26, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* @ Blueboar. I do not think the question if Judaism should be mentioned in the History of religion article or not is the subject of NPOV discussion. If reliable sources mention Judaism in a context of the history of world religions, it definitely should be mentioned. However, the real reason for doing that are (i) that Judaism is the only survived representative of ancient Eastern religion cults; (ii) that Judaism is a progenitor of two world religions, Christianity and Islam, (ii) that even after these two religions came to the historical scene Judaism continued to effect both of them, (iv) (the list can be continued). In other words, the question if Judaism per se is majority, minority or fringe views is totally incorrect and irrelevant to this discussion.--Paul Siebert (talk) 18:34, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* Like Shooterwalker, this discussion gives me a headache too. But if we are discussing whether we needed to add "However, in History of Religion, Judaism, despite being a minority view, bears mention" to the policy (as was repeatedly reverted), I really do not see any value in adding that specific example. Of course Judaism bears mention in that article, regardless of any NPOV issues. --Tryptofish (talk) 18:58, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
* I think it's so hard to tell what the words in this section are saying, that's it's impossible to say whether we need to note the exception or not. I presume we all know, more or less, what this section is trying to say - there isn't any disagreement about what the policy "is", as far as I can tell - so maybe we can put our heads together and actually write what it is we mean?--Kotniski (talk) 13:56, 30 April 2011 (UTC)
* We have nine separate editors essentially agreeing as to what the policy means. We all came to that agreement by reading what the policy currently says. Doesn't that indicate that the policy says what we mean? I am not opposed to discussing ways to say it even more clearly... but I think it is fairly clear as is. Blueboar (talk) 14:50, 30 April 2011 (UTC)
* That's because you (and the other 8 editors) already know what it means, so you don't bother reading exactly what it says - or if you do, you interpret ambiguous statements by (subconsciously) giving them the meaning or context that you already know is the intended one.--Kotniski (talk) 15:01, 30 April 2011 (UTC)
* possibly... but do we have any indication that anyone else out there doesn't understand what it means after they read what it says? Blueboar (talk) 16:54, 30 April 2011 (UTC)
* OK, this discussion isn't very helpful without specifics. I'll come back to it when I've time to explain some of what I mean about the wording. (But I don't think those who want to improve the wording of these policies should keep being asked to provide evidence of people actually misunderstanding in practice - it should be enough to show that the words that are written don't mean what they are supposed to say - just as we correct wrong information in articles without needing to show that a reader has actually read it and thought it meant what it said.)--Kotniski (talk) 17:08, 30 April 2011 (UTC)
* Well, without specifics to show otherwise, how are we to accept your contention that the words don't say what they mean (and mean what they say) You seem to think this is the case, but I don't see it. Blueboar (talk) 21:19, 30 April 2011 (UTC)
alleged mathematical misnomer
Is the following statement in Measure (mathematics), paragraph 4, lines 4 and 5, subject to NPOV guidelines and, in consequence, require citations to works that contain the different opinions: "The one that is homogeneous of degree 1 is a mysterious function called the 'mean width', a misnomer." I think this connotes the existence of two points of view, respectively, one that considers 'mean width' the appropriate name for a certain mathematical abstraction, and the counter-view that this is a misnomer. I think citations are needed to at least one source that uses the term, and to at least one source which states that this usage is a misnomer. If I am correct, what should be done? I posted "citations needed" several days ago. Michael P. Barnett (talk) 01:04, 9 May 2011 (UTC)
* This is not the right place for your comment for two reasons (but I will give a long reply for possible future issues). First, this page is to discuss the policy (WP:Neutral point of view); it's easy to miss, but there is a box at the top of this talk page saying to use the NPOV Noticeboard for NPOV issues in an article (and that should be after a discussion on the article talk page fails—the noticeboard is for situations where conclusions from a local discussion appears to conflict with policy, and a wider community input is wanted). Second, it's pretty well impossible to have an NPOV problem in a math article because the topic does not lend itself to POV problems, and the established editors involved have a very good grasp of both mathematics and Wikipedia and would quickly fix any POV issues. The text quoted above is obviously non-encyclopedic and should be rewritten (but it's nothing to do with NPOV). Lots of problems like this can be found in the 3+ million articles, and the best approach is to fix it if possible, or leave a short note on the article talk page outlining the problem, in the hope that someone else will fix it. Please do not add a tag to the article except for egregious problems (tags are not helpful). In extreme cases (e.g. if another editor insists on restoring dubious text), put a short and neutral message on the relevant noticeboard, WT:WikiProject Mathematics, where many excellent editors will notice. Johnuniq (talk) 01:29, 9 May 2011 (UTC)
* Thank you for your kind and detailed comments. I agree that mathematical definitions, theorems and proofs are not objects of POV, in general. But not always! For example the Bourbaki group's "point of view, while encyclopedic, was never intended as neutral. Quite the opposite". (2nd and 3rd sentences of section just linked to). Some more comments follow.
There is more of the same later in the Bourbaki article, which is very readable and accurate.
The title of Felix Klein's 1908 landmark book Elementary Mathematics from an Advanced Standpoint connotes alternative viewpoints of particular mathematical topics.
Articles about mathematics include the scope of mathematics as a whole and of many of its branches, how it should be taught and the mechanisms by which it is learned, how it should be written, its chronology and evolution, biographies of mathematicians, and its sociology and societal influence. All of these are subject to many different views.
In particular, the style of presentation is addressed, not only with reference to the writing of WK articles, but in a much wider context. For example, in 1995, committees of the Mathematics and Chemistry sections of the National Academy of Sciences wrote a report, published by the National Research Council on "Mathematical Challenges from Theoretical/Computational Chemistry". Chapter 5 was titled "Cultural issues and barriers to interdisciplinary work". The need was stressed for mathematicians, who want to interact with the rest of the world, to overcome a tendency to present information in ways that fitted their aesthetics and priority of ideas, that put these into a context that was unnecessarily advanced.
As a safeguard against this tendency, I think WK articles on topics that involve mathematics should be kept open to editors with expert knowledge of relevant material, who are not mathematicians, without the "mathematicians" acting as a very strong filter to the general editorship. Throwing the matter to personal authority seems alien to the avowed WK ethos. Who is an "excellent mathematician", and how this is assessed, is irrelevant.
I will follow up the "misnomer" sentence as you suggested. But I thought I would take this opportunity to raise the matters discussed above here, in the hope that these are close enough to POV that they will not offend, and get me routed to appropriate environment if considered worthwile pursuing.
* Michael P. Barnett (talk) 19:50, 9 May 2011 (UTC)
Sorry, I find it rude to interrupt your dialogue - a bit of an exaggeration on this forum - but what part did m galileo play in the theory of relativity which seems to have been ignored here? newton and einstein both reference his work in this context so i'm confused as to the ignorance of this wiki post. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Oscarfaragher (talk • contribs) 20:47, 19 May 2011 (UTC)
Irony...
I find it extremely ironic that this article is decidedly not written from a NPOV. It even seems to patronize and belittle those who might have objections to the policy. I realize that obviously this is meant mostly as an instructional article, but there isn't really anywhere else on Wikipedia where the concept of NPOV which has a distinct meaning from neutrality (philosophy) can be explicated. Theshibboleth (talk) 00:34, 13 May 2011 (UTC)
* It isn't ironic, because this page isn't an article... its a statement of policy. We don't consider policy and guideline pages to be "articles". Blueboar (talk) 00:59, 13 May 2011 (UTC)
* That hardly negates the criticism... although I don't see anything on the policy page itself that "patronizes and belittles..."; that criciticsm would seem to apply more to the FAQ page, which is fairly awful in places.--Kotniski (talk) 07:16, 13 May 2011 (UTC)
Lingering controversies
What if something remains controversial, even after the science is settled? Around 85% of Americans, for example, disagree with all (or part) of Evolution, and there's a poll of scientists (including those in fields other than biology) indicating that only 95% of them support it.
Can there at least be a sentence or two in the Evolution article like this?
* Nonetheless, many people disagree with the theory of evolution, on religious or other grounds.
If that is okay, then how about other controversies like Global warming? Is there an established, acceptable way to describe the reasons that various scientists and other people have given for disagreeing with the Anthropogenic Global Warming theory (AGW)? I'd like to know what the policy is, so that I don't waste people's time when I find an interesting quote - and someone like Vsmith immediately deletes it on the grounds that the author of the quote is too far removed from mainstream science, or something like that.
Let's also keep in mind that the ArbCom made a ruling that we can't delete well-referenced information simply because it promotes a POV.
The point of NPOV is that when anything is controversial, we as editors and contributors scrupulously avoid taking sides. We might say that 95% of scientists favor something (as in evolution), but we must not call evolution a "fact" (as evolution advocates do). Rather, we should explain why evolution advocates say that "evolution is a fact." (see 2nd paragraph of Evolution as theory and fact)
Likewise, for AGW there have been several polls indicating that 5% or more of scientists question the whole theory or some aspect of it. So, I ask you, is AGW controversial enough for us to cover it as a controversy and to avoid giving either side an air of legitimacy or "validity" (see equal validity)?
If not, then what's the proper why to indicate "fringe views" held by 5% or more of scientists on AGW? --Uncle Ed (talk) 00:46, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
* What poll? Oh wait, you're using the Conservapedia rules on verification, that is, say something see if it sticks. Real scientists, that is those in the natural sciences, accept evolution...I believe the real polls says 99.6% of them. But I wouldn't care one way or another, since science isn't a democracy. You are attempting to conflate political debate with scientific debate. Trying to bring Conservapedia policy to Wikipedia is not going to get far. Orange Marlin Talk• Contributions 01:45, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
* ...someone like Vsmith...: Ed, if you're accusing me of some improper action, please provide a link so others can view the horrendous act. Otherwise it's simply a personal attack. Vsmith (talk) 02:24, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
* Your answer is not to the point, makes a personal attack, and gets the only "fact" you mention dead wrong.
* As for the real polls, you are quoting someone's WP:OR about 0.4% of biologists having gone on record as disagreeing with evolution: this is not a poll; and anyway, I was talking about 5% or more of scientists, as mentioned in Wikipedia's own article, Level_of_support_for_evolution. Please try to be more careful.
* No point in mentioning the other things; I'm hoping someone will actually answer my question instead of making personal remarks like calling me "ballsy".
* (Aside to Vsmith: I didn't say what you did was improper. Don't accuse me of accusing you. THAT is clearly a personal attack.)
* '''This is why I need a policy answer: because instead of discussing how we can make Wikipedia better, the talk page can quickly get sidetracked to personal issues. --Uncle Ed (talk) 02:32, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
* I answered with facts. You use polemics and rhetoric. Your personal attacks will always be ignored, because I know your ultimate goal. I would suggest your body of work on Conservapedia speaks for itself. Orange Marlin Talk• Contributions 02:36, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
* I forgot, you do enjoy quote mining. But once again, whether it's 95% or 99.6% (both sourced), if you understood anything about Wikipedia guidelines, we aren't here to give undue weight to fringe theories. Evolution is a scientific fact. It is supported by literally hundreds of thousands of pieces of peer-reviewed literature. Please, show us the peer-reviewed, reliable sources that support your evolution and global warming denialist point of view? Oh right, there isn't any. Isn't that sad? Orange Marlin Talk• Contributions 02:42, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
* There is a section Evolution which describes how some people have rejected evolution and points to articles like Objections to evolution. The global warming article has a tag at the top pointing to Global warming controversy and a big section on views on global warming. There is no policy problem that I can see. Dmcq (talk) 03:03, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
* Last I checked, Wikipedia did not pander to argumentum ad populum, but rather accepted expert opinion. The place for discussing the popular level of support for evolution is that article, not evolution, which should be on the science (and only contain views that have significant scientific acceptance). HrafnTalkStalk(P) 13:35, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
There's no such thing as objectivity
This section is taken out of context. Objectivity is not black and white, but rather in the median in which we write is given on the majority. I purpose that this section is re-written to be more inclusive of what is considered objective and what is not. SuperX9 (talk) 18:57, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
* Are you talking about the section on the FAQ page, which is linked to from here (under "Common objections...")? Can you be more specific about what you mean? I've tried rewriting this section (on the FAQ) in the past, but it's always been reverted back to the present version, which I consider rather smug and even dishonest (since it doesn't acknowledge that we are deliberately biased towards the views expressed by those sources which we have resolved to consider "reliable").--Kotniski (talk) 09:47, 30 May 2011 (UTC)
RFC notice
There is an ongoing RFC at Talk:Santorum (neologism) that may be of interest to editors here. Dreadstar ☥ 18:08, 8 June 2011 (UTC)
Looking for a guideline
Once in a while on a subject matter, a whole book is written by experts. Other times, just a paragraph about a subject may be written in an article that is not really about a subject. Obviously the book specializing towards the subject takes precedence most of the time. But I am trying to find the right wiki-guideline for this. There used to be one such as "Biologist writing on astro-physics is not as reliable as astro-physicist writing on Physics".. Although exceptions may always be found, this seems to be generally true. --Khodabandeh14 (talk) 01:25, 27 June 2011 (UTC)
* It doesn't say what you're looking for, but WP:DUE does speak about relative weight to be given to sources which are not in complete agreement. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 01:05, 28 June 2011 (UTC)
Trying to WP:KISS people
[Copied over from the WP:V discussion page! Some responses over there]
We have a TLDR problem with the 'rules', and just starting an embryonic project to try to get the concept across in a sinlge-sentence 'The simplest explanation' thing. Please see this thread for background stuff.
The idea is to get (hopefully soon) a template-wossname for all the rules pages, so that anyone with a slightly less comprehensive vocabulary can understand stuff really easily. We have a problem where some of our stuff is written so collegiately that it's just hard for some people to get the point. So ..... could we possibly, pretty please, have the simplest explanation back at the top :o) ?
If some people are having trouble understanding the concept of our rules, we need to communicate better - at a level that's easy for anyone to understand, even if their vocabulary isn't as extensive as ours. Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 07:44, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
* This seems to me to be a solution to a problem that doesn't exist. If people are unable to read the guidelines as they are written, they are not going to be able to contribute writing of the quality required for an encyclopedia. People who lack reading comprehension skills are not the target audience for the policy pages. ~ Mesoderm (talk) 07:51, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
* People who fall foul of the rules, either because they don't even know what they are, that the rules exist, etc., are our target-audience for the policy pages. In order to be able to understand what the policies actually mean, so that we can make sure they don't continue to fall foul of them, there has to be a dead-simple explanation which that target audience can understand. As we're for the main part likely to be talking about newbies, and often young newbies, it's therefore our responsibility to make sure that there's a jargon-free, readily-understandable 'simple concept' thing right near the top of the page. There's almost always a way of describing a concept so that a 12-year-old can at least understand what we mean by what we're saying; and if we write the entire page in language which is hard for them to understand, from start to finish, then we can hardly blame them for our failure to make it clear to them. It may be one's view that 12-year-olds shouldn't be trying to edit Wikipedia in the first place, or that 12-year-olds should come to us ready-equipped with an internal WikiJargon dictionary - but that's not what happens in real life. The target audience for policy pages is going to be precisely those people who don't yet know the rules or understand the jargon. Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 10:19, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
I tweaked the nutshell box so that anyone at all should be able to understand what we mean. Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 11:43, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
* This means, in simple terms, that anyone reading what you've written shouldn't be able to guess "whose side you're on"
* I'm not sure that text really addresses the issue. In fact, it is potentially encouraging people to be sneaky in how they present biased material - and it doesn't quite capture to nuanced idea of the policy. A simpler version might be "This means you should not be taking sides with your writing" --Errant (chat!) 11:49, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
* Even that isn't very good... perhaps "Your writing must represent the view of the majority", but really the original nutshell captured it best. --Errant (chat!) 11:50, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
* I have reverted back to the previous version. The concept here may have some merit, but it needs a lot more discussion before it is implemented. Blueboar (talk) 12:08, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
* I've explained in the original thread in the Village Pump that I come from a background of being a trained/qualified instructor (far, far too long .....), and though I'm of course aware that the "don't take sides" idiom certainly doesn't cover it all - of course it can't, in an easy one-liner - it comes under the umbrella of Lying_to_children - Wittgenstein's ladder. Sometimes, just to make sure that people can get their feet on the first rung, we do have to be overly simplistic in order to be able to move on. This is particularly important when dealing with youngsters and newbies (one can be a 'youngster' in terms of knowledge without necessarily being young in calendar age). After several decades of having instructed people of all ages and levels of experience, one thing that I do know I'm good at is getting the bare bones of a concept across quickly, clearly, and in a way that allows those bare bones to be fleshed out later. Sooo .... can we work on making sure that the 'just-bitten 12-year-old' can see something right near the beginning which is written in the kind of terms they've been familiar with for a long time? When we're teaching our own kids, we don't start them off on the history of the justice system - we start them off with "don't do that, that's not fair". Think "Really simple one liner - then build." I'll plonk a little parallel in here; when we're teaching someone to ride, we start off with "Go, stop, turn left, turn right. This is your left rein, this is your right rein. This is how you use them." Then we move on to the concept of the "inside rein" (the one that's closer to the inside of the circle you're riding), and the "outside rein". You can already get that bit. Only once we're sure they've got that bit, and are ready for it, do we start addressing the issues of the uses and abuses of the "indirect rein of opposition." Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 20:25, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
* Just a quick quibble - Wikipedia isn't actually supposed to 'represent the view of the majority'. That, in itself, is "taking sides". Our job is to present the evidence, to show that there's a majority and a minority view, to explain why, and to ensure that if 7 out of 10 people believe version 1, then 70% of what we write should ideally be showing the reasons for that version. :o) Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 20:48, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
* Just goes to show! I've just realised that even what I've said there isn't quite right! Tha 'majority view', when it comes from inadequately-informed sources, isn't always good-to-go, either! Amazingly, a recent survey (and I can't find the citation) showed that an amazing proportion of the adult public still believe that the sun goes around the earth .... lol! Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 21:27, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
We're making some headway over at WP:V with the discussion on the nutshell re-wroding / additional wording - can we please do the same over here, to get something along the lines of "Don't take sides" into it? At the moment, I'm kinda tempted just to go back in and re-edit as this discussion seems to have died, but I'd like some input on exactly how to get that ultra-simplicity in there without it being immediately reverted! Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 04:30, 23 June 2011 (UTC)
* It seems to me that the nutshell statement is buried in the NPOV section "Impartial tone":
* "Wikipedia describes disputes. Wikipedia does not engage in disputes."
* Currently, there isn't even a shortcut for that policy. I think it's unappealing to those with the MPOV ;-)
Postpostmod (talk) 11:46, 23 June 2011 (UTC)
* That statement also appears in bold at the start of the first section of the policy, so it isn't exactly "buried away". I'm not sure there's a good nutshell for this policy - the most misleading thing we could do is to make some trite statement that implies it's all very simple - it's not.--Kotniski (talk) 14:29, 23 June 2011 (UTC)
* Dead right that it's not simple, but the very first 'step' must at least be made to appear kinda simple, like "Don't take sides" - just so there's something to use as a grab rail before wading into the deep end. Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 05:51, 24 June 2011 (UTC)
* How about something like: Don't take sides, just explain the sides fairly. Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 07:50, 24 June 2011 (UTC)
* Hmmm, but if the disagreement is between reliable sources on one hand and unreliable sources on the other, then we do take sides.--Kotniski (talk) 10:46, 24 June 2011 (UTC)
* I looked again at the article and saw the "engage...describe" statement, as you said. I think I missed it the first time, because of all the bullets and bold statements under it. Maybe it should be made into one of those bullet points - but that's no excuse: sorry for my error.
* Regarding "reliable" and "unreliable" sources: I realize I'm questioning the unquestionable, but I think it's more like "trusted" sources than "trustworthy" (I'd say "relied-upon sources", but that's ugly.) There's a lot of PR (= hidden advertising) in supposedly reliable sources, so when they favor the wealthier or more powerful side of a dispute, it's worth taking them with a grain of salt.
* Of course, a big problem in Wikipedia is in discouraging the cranks, and in that context it's easy to let the New York Times make the call, (or Fox News: I see there's a segment of editors who think that since Fox is so popular, that means it qualifies as a reliable source). (Please pardon my American examples, speaking of POV ;-). Wikipedia has one big advantage compared to other sources of information: Wikipedians are unpaid, we're not on a deadline, and a lot of us are anonymous so we don’t have to fear reprisals in real life. If we're motivated and have the skill, we could enjoy the luxury of being neutral. Theoretically, we should be able to resist the temptation to make hasty judgment calls about who’s "right" based on superficial research in "reliable" sources that happen to support our biases.
* The trick is, in refraining from oversimplifying a substantive controversy so much that one side can succeed in putting across the idea that anyone, or any group, who disagrees with the majority must be a crank. Postpostmod (talk) 21:47, 24 June 2011 (UTC)
Aha! I haven't got around to addressing the piss-easy overview of RS yet! That, yes, is darned tricky. Trying to explain why the Daily Telegraph might be OK, but the Daily Mail less so .... eeek! Mind you, I'd still very much like to get the "Don't take sides, explain the sides, fairly" thing in our nutshell here. The undue-weight aspect comes under the nutshell word of "fairly"; we give each side it's fair coverage. Can we please make some headway with getting the nutshell into 'easy English'? (sorry, I know in advance that's going to come over wrongly!) It doesn't have to cover everything - just that first step on Wittgenstein's ladder. :o) (Re-writing the entriety of all the policy pages is gonna take ... errrrmmm .... a little longer .... Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 07:27, 25 June 2011 (UTC)
* Good point - eeek! covers it nicely. I plead guilty to unhelpful digression ;-). Regarding the nutshell, as I said, I like "Wikipedia describes disputes, it doesn't engage in disputes." It's a bit formal-sounding for our youngest editors, perhaps. The advantage of its formality is that it is more likely to be regarded as binding by the lengthily-educated editors who are most influential in determining which edits "stick" in articles of academic interest. I'm coping with medical biases - double-eek.
* I like your "Don't take sides, explain the sides, fairly", for its simplicity and user-friendliness - I can see your educational background there, and applaud it. In fact, it's probably better than the "disputes" version, for getting everyone off our high horses and remembering we're talking to the public at large. More people need to weigh in, as to the target audiences of the guidelines and how to reach them all. By the way, love Wittgenstein's ladder, and its less dignified, sardonic title - I hadn't heard that one before, though the concept has occurred to me, in the course of editing. Postpostmod (talk) 14:49, 26 June 2011 (UTC)
* Would it be okay, then to edit the nutshell to read "Don't take sides, explain the sides, fairly" ? I think as a nutshell it really does cover the idea in the simplest terms, and the "fairly" does give an introduction to the idea of "due weight". Does anyone have any reasoned but strong objection to that change? (Always remembering that the rest of the page goes into all the necessary detail...) Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 03:54, 5 July 2011 (UTC)
* OK, so that got reverted without any extra talk here. Hmmm. What was wrong with that one? It explained the concept in simple terms! It would be nice to see some discussion before reversion, really .... Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 06:35, 7 July 2011 (UTC)
* Yes, if we're going to have a nutshell, I'd be quite happy with that suggestion.--Kotniski (talk) 08:31, 7 July 2011 (UTC)
This was what I tried to implement, but got quickly reverted. I honestly do think that it makes it absolutely dead plain; can't see anything wrong with that one at all. I do have to wonder whether sometimes people are 'against change' - even if it's a change for the better in terms of universal understandability. Don't be afraid of change! I'm going to change it back to that one; if someone wants to revert it again, it would be nice to have a really well-reasoned argument here on talk as to why it's not as good as the original. Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 06:06, 8 July 2011 (UTC)
* Hope it sticks. Best wishes, Postpostmod (talk) 14:00, 8 July 2011 (UTC)
* So do I! Anything that's even a slight improvement on the number of readers it gets across to, has to be OK. If it's not actually worse, then it really should stay. I am, by the way, passionate about teaching clearly! (You may have guessed :o) ) Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 06:34, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
V:SOURCES vs. RS in DUE; policy vs. essay; slippery slopes
This discussion caused me to review DUE here, and I see that it relies on the RS guideline. I think that it should instead rely directly on V:SOURCES.
Looking for more mentions of RS here, I see that guideline invoked in Pseudoscience and related fringe theories and in the Good research subsection of DUE (that subsection reads more like something out of an essay than out of a policy).
I may be being too pedantic here, but I'm worried about slippery slopes. I think the discussion I mentioned is an example of treading along the verge of a slippery slope in this regard -- using the RS guideline to disqualify a source generally considered to be reliable as being too far afield from other sources in one particular instance to be given due weight -- excluding material because WP editors believe the material to be not true. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 22:32, 3 July 2011 (UTC)
* In general, the goal in linking is to choose the link that is mostly likely to be immediately helpful to the person who clicks it. Sometimes that means linking to something that "merely" an essay or information page, like WP:BRD, WP:5P, or WP:TE. (RS, by the way, is an official guideline). WP:The difference between policies, guidelines, and essays is small and subtle, and the tag at the top of the page shouldn't be the primary determinant of what we link.
* In the specific case, I don't have an opinion about whether a link to RS or SOURCES is likely to be more useful to the people who use this page. WhatamIdoing (talk) 23:39, 3 July 2011 (UTC)
* I understand that RS is an official guideline. I'm questioning whether it is appropriate for an official policy to link to an official guideline (or, for that matter, to an unofficial essay) in order to clarify something in the policy, as OR links to RS instead of linking to WP:SOURCES in V (this policy does the same thing). That has the content of guidelines determining what policies mean, it seems to me, and that seems backwards.
* In the referenced discussion, a consensus seems to have built based on guidance in RS (guidance which I don't see in SOURCES) that the CIA Factbook is an unreliable source regarding the population of the Philippines and that, because of this unreliability, DUE in OR does not apply in that article to that item of info from the Factbook (deemed unreliable by consensus of WP editors there). I don't think that this in the referenced discussion is of earthshaking importance, but it looks like a potential slippery slope to me. I mentioned this here because it seems to run against the grain of the lead sentence of this policy. (oops. I was thinking of V when I wrote the bit I've stricken) Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 11:50, 4 July 2011 (UTC)
* Editors are supposed to follow both policies and guidelines. The difference is not fundamental, but rather a question of length. Policies are succint, whereas guidelines deal with details and provide examples. It is common for a policy page to link to appropriate guideline pages. LK (talk) 07:27, 6 July 2011 (UTC)
* It appears that I am thinking about a more structured world than the WP world. In that more structure world, policies have force, and there is generally a mechanism in place to enforce them. Guidelines provide guidance on how policies impact real-world matters; if a guideline conflicts with or overreaches a policy, the guideline is incorrect. Essays are the opinions of the essay authors. Having the interpretation of what a policy means depend on what a guideline or an essay says conflicts with this structured world-view. I think WP is on a slippery slope here. I have the impression that the sands shifted underfoot while my attention was elsewhere. Oh well. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 03:44, 7 July 2011 (UTC)
* To my understanding, Wikipedia's governing structure is not Policies >> Guidelines >> Essays. Rather it's {Policies & Guidelines} and WP:IAR, with the understanding that all Policies and Guidelines should be consistant with one another, and consistant with community wishes and practices. If there is any inconsistantcy between Policy, Guideline, or community practice, we're supposed to hash it out on the talk pages till it's all consistant again. LK (talk) 08:40, 7 July 2011 (UTC)
* Seems counterintuative. Anyhow, RS seems to not be 100.00 percent consistent with V:SOURCES, with the guideline going beyond what the policy sets forth. That has set up the situation seen in the discussion I linked to lead off this section where, as I see it, based on RS, editors combine material from multiple sources to reach a conclusion not explicitly stated by any of the sources (flouting SYNTH), drawing conclusions based on that about the truth or falsity of information presented in a source otherwise considered reliable (flouting the lead sentence of V), then, based on the nonreliability judgement, concluding that DUE does not apply to the source deemed to be unreliable because of the judgement about truth/falsity based on synthesis of differing sources. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 11:13, 7 July 2011 (UTC)
* Good point. WP:NPOV is a pillar. Policies, guidelines, and essays that weaken a pillar, however unintentionally, are probably not what we want. Postpostmod (talk) 12:02, 7 July 2011 (UTC)
I'm confused: where in WP:DUE does it link to the RS guideline? The link for "reliable sources" that I can see goes to WP:V anyway.--Kotniski (talk) 11:54, 7 July 2011 (UTC)
* You appear to be right; I thought that I had seen that in there, but I cannot reconfirm it. I've apparently committed some sloppinesses here due to rushing through this because of pressure from other things I'm doing concurrently -- both inside and outside of WP. I think, though, that I've probably gotten some details wrong rather than having gone completely off the rails.
* From the discussion which started me out on this, "No, WP:DUE does not apply here. [...], It's quite obvious that the U.S. Census bureau is using either old data information giving unreliable data or have at least some sort of statistical error. [...] No other reliable source I've found even come close to that figure." I don't want to focus on that particular application of Policy&Guidelines, however; what bothers me is that the application seems to flout so many policies, and that it seems to be justified by an interpretation of the guideline. I thought I had seen a more directly on-point snippet in RS but, looking again just now, what I see is "Each source must be carefully weighed to judge whether it is reliable for the statement being made and is the best such source for that context." The careful weighing done in the exampled case included what looks to me like SYNTH, followed by judgement about truth or falsity based on that, followed by disqualification of RS status in a particular context based on that determination, followed by a judgement that DUE doesn't apply because of lack of RS support -- the disqualified source (the CIA Factbook) being one which is generally considered to be reliable -- no source is perfect, and this source might be less than perfect on this point (or might not) but, up until now, it had been my understanding that it was not the place of WP editors to make such a judgement about a particular assertion made by a source considered generally to be reliable (and, for that matter, reliable on the article topic except for one particular assertion doubted by WP editors).
* Having just taken another look at RS, I noticed a snippet relevant to the discussion of the Policy -> Guideline vs. Policy&Guideline above -- RS: "In the event of a contradiction between this page and our policies regarding sourcing and attribution, the policy takes priority and editors should seek to resolve the discrepancy." Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 13:28, 7 July 2011 (UTC)
* I believe that you can thank SlimVirgin for that hierarchical note, which applies only to the sourcing-related policies that contain that language. In general, LK's correct: WP:POLCON (the general policy on conflicts between advice pages) says that while you may defer to the policy as a temporary measure, the goal is to get all the pages synchronized (with the community's actual view, not with the current version of a page marked 'policy' at the top). WhatamIdoing (talk) 21:46, 8 July 2011 (UTC)
* It looks like you're right about Slim introducing it. It seems to have come from this November 2009 edit, though the wording has been changed a number of times since then (I don't know whether or not this was the first introduction of that point to RS). Anyhow, we are discussing RS here.
* I don't always agree with Slim, but I do agree in re this point. As is probably clear from the above, I think that the page marked 'policy' at the top should succinctly reflect the community's actual view; that pages marked 'guideline' at the top should provide guidelines for putting policy into practice; that changes to the community's actual view should be reflected in changes made on the policy pages, and those changes should trickle down from there to the guidelines pages.
* The root of what I see as a problem of flouting policies in the exampled discussion about a particular edit (and in similar situations I've seen elsewhere) seems to be the interpretation of the RS passage reading, "Each source must be carefully weighed to judge whether it is reliable for the statement being made and is the best such source for that context." — particularly the question of whether WP policies (SYNTH and V particularly) apply as restrictions on what "careful weighing" is allowable in order to make that judgement. That's a question for WT:RS, I think. Perhaps I'll raise it there. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 00:58, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
* I've posed the question over there. See WT:RS. Early responses appear to indicate that the answer boils down to "No". Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 13:34, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
* It isn't as simple as "yes" or "no". I would say the question somewhat flawed... the answer depends on which policies and guidelines are we talking about, and the specifics of the situation. Some will apply in a given situation while others won't, and some will apply in situation X, but not in situation Y. Certainly discussions of WP policy (in the generic) often play a part in discussions of reliability, even if they are not the determining factor. Blueboar (talk) 17:42, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
Revisiting the KISS
I notice that there has been some back-and-forth about the nutshell recently, and I think more talk here is necessary. Much of the discussion took place over a holiday weekend (in the US) when editors (at least me!) were not watching closely, and I am not convinced that we really have consensus for the version that is on the page at the moment I'm writing this comment. I tend to agree with LK that we really don't have consensus for the change. I appreciate that Pesky wants to make it user-friendly, but I'm unconvinced that the older version failed in that regard, and I certainly don't think that Sven's added sentence has been adequately vetted. After all, we are discussing here one of the most important policies on the project, and you can go to the bank with the proposition that users will look for ways to Wikilawyer their personal interpretations of the wording of the nutshell. We need very strong consensus for these kinds of changes, and I do not believe that we have them now. --Tryptofish (talk) 15:53, 8 July 2011 (UTC)
* I (obviously!) think that the current version (me + Sven) is an improvement in terms of universal-understandability; when I saw Sven's addition, I thought "Brilliant! Such a short, clear way of getting that concept across, too." I really think that there's a great 'fear of change', and I can clearly understand why that would be. However, unless others think that the current version is worse than the previous, it should ideally stay. We're all working towards improvement, and little steps here and there are ok. I hadn't realised that it was a holiday weekend in the US (I'm a bit lot out of touch with holiday periods!) The absolute most important thing, in my view (as a teacher with decades of experience, and also experience in 'training the trainers'), is that everyone who reads the nutshell, no matter how clueless, now matter how restricted their education and vocabulary, should be be able to "get the concept". Our duty as teachers is simply to get the lesson across; if the reader doesn't understand the first step, then we have failed as communicators. Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 06:10, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
* And, just as obviously, that's why I commented here instead of reverting anything. I don't normally like to refer to anything I've done in real life, but I'll make an exception here. I, too, have decades of experience teaching, and one of the things I came to appreciate is that students are incredibly sensitive to being talked down to. Please don't get me wrong: I'm not saying that anyone here is talking down intentionally. But it seems to me that the previous wording was very clear, while the new wording sounds like it's explaining the concepts to the slow-witted, without making anything any clearer than it was before. Childlike language does not equate to clarity. --Tryptofish (talk) 17:01, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
* High-fives to a fellow teacher :o) I take your point, a good point and well-made. I do think, though, that it's OK for the nutshell bit, bearing in mind that the tone of the rest of the page is obviously at a "higher level". I'm not thinking so much of the slow-witted - just those editors who (for whatever reason) may only look at the first bit, or need the schoolyard-level intro before they can 'get' the rest. Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 07:04, 10 July 2011 (UTC)
Does this project page WP:NPOV follow WP:MOSBOLD guidelines or not?
There is a dispute as to whether this WP:NPOV page and the WP:NOTHOWTO page follow the guidelines in WP:MOSBOLD or if they are even required to follow WP:MOSBOLD (which I think they are) and can therefore be used as examples of WP:MOSBOLD applied in Wiki use. I content that WP:NPOV and WP:NOTHOWTO (along with other WIKI project page articles) are following the WP:MOSBOLD guidelines of bolding the first term/phrase of section items which are in list form and are being defined. (WP:MOSBOLD states definition lists can be bolded, and there are other exceptions to the guideline.) For examples, please see WP:NPOV section titled "Explanation of the neutral point of view" where bulletpointed listed terms/phrases are bolded and then further defined. Please go see many examples of bolded lists on WP:NOTHOWTOO such as: "Wikipedia is not a directory" section and "Wikipedia is not a manual, guidebook, textbook, or scientific journal" section. These terms/phrases are obviously being bolded to improve readability and improve easy visual scanning of the article, therefore, does not violate WP:MOSBOLD, either in spirit or letter of the guideline. I would like some thoughtful comments on the questions I have raised. --RedEyedCajun (talk) 00:10, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
* First, the various MOS pages and sub-pages are not "rules" that must, in all situations, be followed (and thus enforced). They are guidelines that contain very good advice as to what we consider "best practice" to be. Second, the MOS pages apply to articles. Policy and guideline pages are not articles, so the MOS pages would not apply, even if they were firm "rules".
* Note: this does not mean we can't follow the advice given by the MOS guidelines on policy pages (should we choose to do so)... it simply means we are not required to do so. Blueboar (talk) 18:00, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
* Okay I get that, but are the WP:MOSBOLD guidelines being followed on those particular guideline pages I noted (even though they are not required to follow the guideline)? --RedEyedCajun (talk) 10:57, 11 July 2011 (UTC)
Wordy vs. concise
I undid this addition:
* "Moreover, ensuring that a viewpoint is presented with adequate relative weight should never mean being wordy instead of concise."
I don't think it expresses a point particularly clearly. It seems to conflate a general interest in brevity with the relativistic concerns of balancing views from different sources. Can you explain what you intended? Ocaasit 17:55, 19 July 2011 (UTC)
* Sure. Suppose an article has two sections, one on a mainstream view, and the other on a small minority view. The two sections are equally long (same number of words). The solution is not to pad the mainstream section with a lot of wordy rephrasing. Doing so might superficially seem to ensure a more balanced article, but all it really does is make the article lousy. The better solution is trim facts from the minority section (perhaps creating a sub-article) and/or add facts to the mainstream section. Both sections should be concise.Anythingyouwant (talk) 18:42, 19 July 2011 (UTC)
* I have two concerns about this. One, I'm not sure it belongs in NPOV as opposed to a related guideline or style essay. Two, I'm not sure it's always accurate. If there are two stub-sections, one about the mainstream view and the other about the fringe view, it might be necessary to expand the mainstream section to achieve proper weight. So, two questions: does it belong here? and is there a way to say this so it covers all cases? Ocaasit 19:13, 19 July 2011 (UTC)
* Valid concerns, thanks. I'll think on it. Maybe what I was suggesting is common sense that doesn't really need to be specifically spelled out.Anythingyouwant (talk) 22:57, 20 July 2011 (UTC)
Res ipsa loquitur
Maybe I am thinking of something else but I thought I recalled a long time ago that this guideline included something about letting the facts speak for themselves. Regardless, I think it is valuable to include an explicit statement about this, perhaps in the Impartial tone section. It is frequently the case that editors include valid, referenced facts but present them in inappropriate places with a clear agenda in doing so. One example of this is presenting a controversy where only the opinions of one side are supported by the experts on the subject. Editors sometimes see this as justification for simply characterizing the controversy from the outset as one side that knows what it is talking about and one that doesn't (essentially a misinterpretation of the WP::UNDUE policy). Obviously in such cases it is simply better to present the two sets of opinions, present who are the primary supporters of each side, and then get into what the experts have to say. Perhaps another way to put that is not to conflate the facts in a way that presupposes a judgment. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:03, 22 July 2011 (UTC)
RfC for the explicit auditing of DYKs for compliance with NPOV policy
An RfC has been launched to measure community support for requiring the explicit checking of DYK nominations for compliance with basic WP policies—including NPOV policy—and to improve the management of the nominations page through the introduction of a time-limit after which a nomination that does not meet requirements is archived. Tony (talk) 04:09, 23 July 2011 (UTC)
Scientific point of view
It has recently been rewritten to make it more compatible with the current editing practices on Wikipedia. It now says that NPOV amounts to sticking to SPOV on science articles. Count Iblis (talk) 16:08, 30 July 2011 (UTC)
* I can't quite see the point of the essay. If somebody says the water is purified by morphic resonance using quantum entanglement with the crystals it passes through who is to say that is not scientific? Plus of course there is quite often some disagreement even amongst scientists about science. Dmcq (talk) 18:06, 30 July 2011 (UTC)
* Wikipedia should not present such claims in a misleading way. So if, say, Sheldrake makes this claim and we write about that on his BLP page, it would not be ok. to also mention that this is considered to be pseudoscience, even if we wouldn't be able to directly cite dsome ref that precisely addresses such a statement.
* Note that we have a BLP policy to protect BLP from attacks. Rebuttals of attacks on BLPs may not always be available, so we then restrict what you can write about the BLP by keeping verifiable smears out of the BLP. The same protective status should be give to science here on Wikipedia. Count Iblis (talk) 16:20, 31 July 2011 (UTC)
Primary source templates discussions
I'm disappointed, but not surprised, by the hair-splitting that resulted in a strange change to primary sources, which no longer asks for independent/third-party sources. I have asked that this recent change be reverted. Also, the original recommendation of that template has now been duplicated to the third-party template, another bewildering achievement of WP:BURO. I've asked that this one be deleted. Whatever tweaks in wording are needed on the original template can surely be done without this fork. FuFoFuEd (talk) 23:23, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
* The discussion is at the template. Let's not scatter it. North8000 (talk) 01:53, 5 August 2011 (UTC)
Discussions centered on deciding terms based on neutrality
These two discussions are both about how we decide what terms to use based on neutrality, in case anyone is interesting in reading, or contributing to, the discussions.
* Talk:Female genital mutilation
* Talk:Climatic Research Unit email controversy
--Born2cycle (talk) 23:05, 6 August 2011 (UTC)
Bad example: Attribution to "widespread views"
"Widespread views" is often WP:WEASEL and there are important caveats to its use. To avoid getting into that discussion here, I propose striking the entire clause beginning with "or". Thoughts? Brmull (talk) 23:42, 7 August 2011 (UTC)
* Avoid stating opinions as facts. Usually, articles will contain information about the significant opinions that have been expressed about their subjects. However, these opinions should not be stated in Wikipedia's voice. Rather, they should be attributed in the text to particular sources, or where justified, described as "widespread views", etc.
* I'm not sure what to say. I agree that "widespread views" are a flimsier justification than are specific, cited sources. On the other hand, the intent of this paragraph is to discourage writing opinions in Wikipedia's voice, and I'd rather have something attributed to the widespread views of sources in general, than to Wikipedia. --Tryptofish (talk) 15:23, 8 August 2011 (UTC)
* There are better alternatives. If I say, "It's a widespread view that there's water on Mars," it's unclear who we're talking about. It's uncertain whether 20% of people think that or 99.99%, though the connotation is it's the upper end of that range. Better to say, "Astronomers believe..." if it's all but a fringe, or "Astronomers disagree..." if there's a mainstream opinion that there's no water on Mars. Brmull (talk) 19:02, 8 August 2011 (UTC)
* How about deleting the quote marks around "widespread views", so as to remove the implication that one should actually use those words, and providing a second example like the one you used here? --Tryptofish (talk) 19:25, 8 August 2011 (UTC)
* Yeah that would work. Brmull (talk) 19:35, 8 August 2011 (UTC)
* What do other editors think? --Tryptofish (talk) 19:43, 8 August 2011 (UTC)
(od) Frequently people use "this is the majority view" when all they mean is "this is the view I like." Or "that source is fringe" when they really mean "I do not like that source." Pretty much the same as a person in a bull session saying "according to my calculations" when one knows well the figure about to be cited is made up on the spot. Wikipedia has no way of preventing such "arguments from el toro" and I would suggest it is a major source of really badly written articles. Ascription of views to specific authors is almost always wisest, without trying to assert that the view of the other editor must be "fringe." If one finds a reliable source asseting "fringe" then that is far preferable to Wikipedia editors making the assertion. That said, I regard the BLP problem as being intertwined - too often people add defamatory or contentious material to a BLP with the belief that of something has been printed about someone, it is automatically reasonable to include it in BLP articles. To which the adage "paper never refused ink, and electronic paper is no more discriminating about what it allows to be written" still applies. Indeed, I suggest that such disputes account for more than half the BLP/N discussions. "If I were king of the forest" (note tht I am making no claims to royalty here ) I would insist all BLPs and related articles stick as much as possible to fact, and avoid all opinions, especially ones where one has "majority" and "fringe" views about a person or topic to be disputed. Revolutionary enough? Collect (talk) 19:55, 8 August 2011 (UTC)
* Were it not for the discussion in which we are both involved on another page, I might be interested in that suggestion, but I think that it deals with a different part of this policy than does the discussion in this thread. --Tryptofish (talk) 20:02, 8 August 2011 (UTC)
* It is, however, precisely on point as far as I can tell. The use of opinions and categorizing tham as "correct opinions" and "fringe opinions" is precisely one of the major problems on Wikipedia -- covering, as far as I can tell, a huge percentage of noticeboard discussions and almost every ArbCom case since Genesis. Cheers. Collect (talk) 20:45, 8 August 2011 (UTC)
* I have done work on the Cold fusion article. The notion that "most scientists don't believe those claims" effectively makes it next to impossible to put simple facts into the article when those facts happen to be supportive of cold fusion. Even if you take extra care that it is not POV, not OR, verifiable and sourced. You cannot add anything that propagates the supportive side, it will be deleted with WEIGHT. I noticed that the claim "most scientists don't believe those claims" is not based on any scientific survey, maybe it is a myth, the press is using it frequently as a final statement on some editorial piece. Those press releases are then used as "secondary source", but there is no primary source, it is just an opinion about an opinion. Unfortunately that notion validates any reason to prevent adding otherwise perfect contect to the article. --POVbrigand (talk) 11:59, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* Are we no longer discussing the change in wording that Brmull and I were discussing at the top of this thread? --Tryptofish (talk) 19:27, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* It doesn't seem like anyone cares. Time to be BOLD? Brmull (talk) 19:36, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* This being a core policy, I would have hoped for consensus first, but maybe that's asking too much? --Tryptofish (talk) 19:47, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* I think the original idea to strike the entire clause beginning with "or" is better than deleting the quote marks around "widespread views". If it is really self evident in real life that it is a widespread view and nobody questions that it is in fact a widespread view, then 1) there is hardly a need to state it 2) "nobody" will object to it. In most other cases the use of "widespread view" is just stating an opinion (of an opinion). --POVbrigand (talk) 09:50, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
* Well, my reasoning was that it's still best to tell people not to write something in Wikipedia's voice when it can instead be attributed to, for example, "most astronomers". It seems to me that the example you raised above, about cold fusion, is altogether something different than a self evident fact where nobody would object to it. Even if you would prefer to delete the clause entirely, is it not the case that removing the literal quotes would at least be a step in the right direction? If giving an example about "most whatever" raises a problem with situations like cold fusion, we could perhaps just drop the quote marks, but not add another example. --Tryptofish (talk) 22:37, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
* I am currently not able to assess the effect for anything other than cold fusion. So take that step in the right direction, I am not objecting. --POVbrigand (talk) 00:23, 11 August 2011 (UTC)
* Thanks. Hearing no other objections—done. --Tryptofish (talk) 19:04, 11 August 2011 (UTC)
BBC Trust on due weight
The findings of the BBC Trust - Review of impartiality and accuracy of the BBC's coverage of science includes among its main points, summarised in its press release; "When considering 'due impartiality' under the new Editorial Guidelines, the BBC needs to continue to be careful when reporting on science to make a distinction between an opinion and a fact. When there is a consensus of opinion on scientific matters, providing an opposite view without consideration of "due weight" can lead to 'false balance', meaning that viewers might perceive an issue to be more controversial than it actually is. This does not mean that scientists cannot be questioned or challenged, but that their contributions must be properly scrutinised. Including an opposite view may well be appropriate, but the BBC must clearly communicate the degree of credibility that the view carries."
A Trustee's comment discusses how "in some instances the 'presentational style of coverage has continued to suggest that a real scientific disagreement was present long after a consensus had been reached'" and some areas involved. This bears an obvious resemblance to weight policy, and could be cited or reviewed for possible improvements to the wording of the policy. . .dave souza, talk 12:01, 28 July 2011 (UTC)
* Yes, this would help cover a weak spot in the policy. The current fallback clause (predominance in sources) is absolutely un-usuable in real life, and would often mis-fire if it was actually usable. North8000 (talk) 17:26, 28 July 2011 (UTC)
* Yes, indeed! What Dave quoted is a great improvement for news reporting (long overdue!) and a good pointer for Wikipedia too. --Tryptofish (talk) 21:39, 28 July 2011 (UTC)
* I could see putting that quotation verbatim with attribution in a quote box alongside UNDUE. --Tryptofish (talk) 21:41, 28 July 2011 (UTC)
* I like that, that's good. Very clear, and all that. And I like Trypstofish's idea of putting it into a quote box, too. Pesky ( talk …stalk!) 10:28, 2 August 2011 (UTC)
I think there has been enough time for any objections to have been raised, and hearing none, I'm going to go ahead and add it. --Tryptofish (talk) 18:20, 14 August 2011 (UTC)
Using editorial judgments re Truth vs. Falsity as a basis for source exclusion
I don't know if I'm beating a WP:dead horse here, but I'm hoping that there's still some life in it. I'll mention again that, IMO, excluding a source-supported assertion from a source which is considered generally reliabile for the topic based on an editorial judgement of specific falsity of the assertion (and consequent unreliability of the source for that specific assertion) is at least as much of a bad thing as including a source-supported assertion based on an editorial judgement of specific truth of the assertion. See past discussion here. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 00:19, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* As a general principle, this makes little sense. If the newspaper says Mark Twain is dead, but Twain is on TV saying "Rumors of my demise are greatly exaggerated," for WP editors to decide that the newspaper is unreliable would be a good thing. On the hand, if editors decide that the newspaper report is correct based on a preconceived notion that Twain is dead that would be a bad thing. Brmull (talk) 02:45, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* Agree with Brmull. One exception / note, when there is a wp:npov balancing situation, (I.E. material specifically weighing in on opposite sides of a particular question/issue/topic) and there is no agreement on falsity, and it's RS'd, then the benefit of the doubt needs to go to inclusion. Then tose particular operative clauses of wp:npov kick in. North8000 (talk) 03:25, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* Wtmitchell, it's important to think about exactly what you mean by "exclude". Only one zillionth of the billions of pages of true and false RS'd material is in Wikipedia. Are you calling the other 99.9999%, billions of pages "excluded" and saying they should all go in? Or if one individual selects something from that (true or false) that they can force it to be included, citing policy? North8000 (talk) 11:20, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* I'm saying that consensus of editors of an article that a particular assertion is judged to be false should not justify considering the source of that assertion an unreliable source for support of that assertion, thus trumping WP:DUE. If the source is otherwise considered a RS for the article topic, DUE should operate and, if the assertion has topical due weight, the article should say something like "source X asserts Y", citing source X's assertion of Y, rather than silently excluding that information — saying nothing and citing nothing. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 13:25, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* Boracay Bill, do you claim that it makes no difference the basis of the consensus that the source is wrong? Please consider two cases. For case A, 8 reliable sources say the highest wind speed ever recorded was 408 km/h, but one reliable source says it is 480 km/h. For case B, editors reject a claim that a wind speed of 300 km/h was recorded by a brand X anemometer because one of the editors put a brand X anemometer in a wind tunnel and it broke apart at 200 km/h, and all the other editors trust the editor who performed the experiment. Do you make any distinction between cases A & B? Do you make any distinction between source-based research and original research? Jc3s5h (talk) 13:54, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* And another case where there is no weighing in on opposite sides. This one is whimsical but an analog for many I've seen. Let's say an RS makes a mistake and says that Obama saw something with his own three eyes. There are probably no counterbalancing RS's saying that he does not have three eyes. Let's say I'm not a fan of his; I know that it's false but like seeing the "three eyes" thing in the article. Are the other editors allowed to discuss the possible falsity of the statement? And can they decide to leave that out? North8000 (talk) 14:13, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* A lot depends on who is saying that Obama has three eyes, and the context in which he said it. If the statement was made by a practitioner of some mystic eastern religion that believed that everyone has a "third" spiritual eye ... then the context of the statement falls into place. In this context, the idea that Obama has three eyes might well be considered a TRUE statement. Blueboar (talk) 14:26, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* In my example (and those that it's an analog of) it's a a simple error. North8000 (talk) 14:41, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* OK... then given the video evidence that Obama has only two eyes, the idea that he might have three can be considered exceptional. Exceptional statements require exceptional sources. And in this case, the statement is so exceptional that we would need a very exceptional source to include it. Balanced against the plethora of reliable video sources, it becomes UNDUE to even mention that one print source that says he has three eyes (unless that one source is of very very high quality - and that is unlikely). Blueboar (talk) 14:46, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* But deriving that from video would be OR. :-) :-) North8000 (talk) 14:54, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* I suppose it might be OR... if we were thinking of explicitly stating "Obama has two eyes" in the article. However, there is nothing that says we can not discuss OR on talk pages (we simply are not allowed to include that OR in the article). We are talking about a talk page discussion focused on excluding an exceptional statement on UNDUE grounds. I think it is both allowable and appropriate to point to the video sources, and discuss the conclusions we can draw from them as part of a weight discussion. In other words, while policy says we can not include OR in an article, there is no policy that says we can not exclude information based on OR. Blueboar (talk) 15:14, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* Important points, and agree 100%. (Albeit I was taking the "OR" ban to a joking extreme.) North8000 (talk) 15:45, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* Great... but note that we are no longer talking about excluding the information based on its truth or falsity... we are talking about excluding based on DUE/UNDUE considerations. We didn't need to discuss whether the statement was True or False. In fact, the truth/falsity of the statement was essentially irrelevant to our determination that mentioning the exceptional claim without an exceptional source would give it undue weight. Blueboar (talk) 01:49, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
* Since your statement did not exclude that as a second valid consideration, I'm still in agreement with your statement and say that it makes excellent points. But good luck trying to use the all-important-but-unusably-toothless wp:undue to resolve such a situation. North8000 (talk) 12:02, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
* As a sidebar, in your example, when a phrase (e.g. what "quantity of eyes" means) overwhelmingly (like 99%+) has a particular meaning, it must be recognized that such a statement communicates according to that. North8000 (talk) 14:41, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* I disagree with most of what was said following the "A lot depends ..." comment by North8000. Re the three eyes strawman (an informal fallacy based on misrepresentation of an opponent's position), it might be appropriate to quote source X (e.g., "X said, 'Obama saw [...] with his own three eyes), if X later retracted/corrected, it might be appropriate to mention this, if source Y asserted that X was in error about the three eyes, it might be appropriate to include that info, it might be appropriate just not to mention the three eyes thing (even if X is a generally reliable source for the topic) because of due weight considerations for that informational tidbit, it might be appropriate to relegate mention of the three eyes thing to an informational footnote; something else might be appropriate based on DUE considerations, but editorial opinion re truth vs. falsity of an assertion by a source considered generally reliable for the topic should not trump DUE.
* Re North8000's cases A and B, IMO, both the 408 and 480 measurements from case A should be mentioned if they are reported by sources generally considered reliable for the topic and if the difference in the figures is significant in the article context (that is, DUE should not be trumped by editorial opinion re truth vs. falsity of an assertion by a source considered generally reliable for the topic). As far as case B goes, IMO, the results of a ham-handed attempt (or, even, unpublished results of carefully conducted scientific investigations) by a WP editor to experimentally determine truth vs. falsity should not be mentioned. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 00:04, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
* We are writing an encyclopedia, not a compendium of everything reliable sources have ever written, regardless of whether it's true or not. For political issues and in some other, similar, cases, it is often hard or impossible to decide what is true and what isn't, e.g. because it genuinely depends on one's values. These are the cases that dominate Wikipedia's conflicts, and therefore our policies and guidelines are written primarily with these cases in mind. That does not imply that it is sensible or desirable to create artificial conflicts in the large majority of totally uncontentious articles by glorifying obvious errors in sources that can easily be handled by ignoring them. When a minority of sources (or in an esoteric topic one of the few available sources) makes a mistake, it is not the job of an encyclopedia to perpetuate it. Fundamentalists who create artificial conflicts by applying dispute resolution principles to articles where there was previously no conflict, and who try to enforce that Wikipedia says something which they don't even believe to be true, are much worse for the project than spammers, and it's time that we address this problem as firmly. Hans Adler 09:04, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
* As the much-discussed initial sentence of WP:V says, "The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth—whether readers can check that material in Wikipedia has already been published by a reliable source, not whether editors think it is true". Yes, it is often hard or impossible to decide what is true and what isn't; WP editors should not presume to make that judgement. It is presumptuous of a WP editor to judge a source generally considered a reliable source for the topic to be unreliable for a specific assertion because a WP editor editor considers the assertion to be untrue. It is even more presumptuous to use such a judgement to exclude clearly verifiable information along the lines of "source X asserts Y.". Such information might reasonably be excluded on the basis of concerns about undue weight for the article topic, but it is unreasonable to exclude it because a WP editor believes that source X was mistaken in asserting Y. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wtmitchell (talk • contribs) 09:56, 10 August 2011
* As you have now moved the goal post from "consensus of editors of an article that a particular assertion is judged to be false" to "a WP editor", it would take some work to convince me that you are arguing in good faith. Hans Adler 11:57, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
* "The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth—whether readers can check that material in Wikipedia has already been published by a reliable source, not whether editors think it is true" is a statement about what should be excluded, not what should be included. Otherwise it states that Wikipedia should include, in a manner compatible with copyright law, everything that appears in a reliable source, such as the contents of every phone book in the world, the results of every horse race that appears in any reliable newspaper, the results of every lottery drawing that appears on a state lottery website, and the list goes on forever. Such an interpretation is absurd on it's face. Jc3s5h (talk) 12:17, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
IMO trying to use wp:npov to resolve issues of clearly false information is a cop-out. First it is uninvokable where there is not a balancing situation. E.G., in my whimsical-but-analog-of-true-life "three eyes" example, only becomes operative if there is a debate going on regarding how many eyes he has, which would not occur. Finally, when the rubber meets the road, it becomes toothless. In real life in a battle situation there is no way to implement "prevalence in RS's".
Second, please note that my example is a common third type.
* Type 1 is where there are conflicting answers because there are conflicting values. (e.g. Is Obama is a good president?)
* Type 2 Where there are (at least ostensibly) differences of opinion over a matter of fact (e.g. "Is he a US citizen?")
North8000 (talk) 12:26, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
* Type 3 is where nobody is arguing that the statement isn't false (E.G "Obama has three eyes") but the people who want it in there for effect can use the accepted chants mis-spawned from policy due to "not truth" to keep it in, and to exclude the topic of falseness from any conversation about removing it.
* I disagree that we are dealing with three different types here... In all three examples, we are dealing with an opinion (Source X's opinion that Obama is not a good president; Source Y's opinion that Obama is not a US Citizen; Source Z's opinion that he has three eyes). Whether to include mention of an opinion is always a function of assessing how much weight to give it. To do that we look primarily at two things... who holds the opinion (quality of source), and how many people hold the opinion (quantity of sources). We can ususally agree that an opinion that is held by lots and lots of high quality sources should given significant weight. And we can usually agree that an opinion that is held by one or two low quality source should be given no weight at all. Where people tend to disagree is when the quality and quantity of sources falls between the two extremes. If something is stated by only one moderately high quality source... or when something is stated by lots and lots of low quality sources. Unfortunately, there is no way to write clear policy to resolve disputes over these middle ground situations. That's because each situation is unique. So much depends on the exact blend of Quality and Quantity, the exact topic of the article in question. All we can do is point to the consensus process and say... figure this out on a case by case basis. Blueboar (talk) 14:02, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
Now that I have a clearer understanding of Boracay Bill's view, I disagree with it and would oppose edits based on it or policy changes based on it. I also notice that the due weight principle and the general believe among editors that a particular statement in a reliable source is false (where the belief comes from source-based research) will usually lead to the same conclusion: that a particular claim should be omitted. Jc3s5h (talk) 09:36, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
* I'm not sure the belief among editors is playing apart here. It's exclusion via due weight policy, not some judgement of truth. Otherwise the majority could exclude the minority because they deem it false, even if the minority is due weight. Due weight takes place in an historical context as well, so an error reporting like the third eye would never rise to the level of inclusion, unless it became a controversy. Then you're reporting on the controversy, not suggesting a fact of three eyes. We have to watch for the pitfalls of popular opinion claims of truth excluding the minority based on it's "false" assertion. That's what this policy is meant to balance. Same goes for the suggestion that sources reporting minority views become unreliable sources and thus should be excluded. Such methods should not be used to side step NPOV. Morphh (talk) 13:45, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
* To re-clarify, ignoring here the third-eye straw man above, the exclusions which I question are exclusions not meeting WP:DUE criteria because a specific assertion by the cited supporting source is said not to be reliable, even though the source is deemed generally reliable for the topic — the judgement that the source is unreliable for the specific assertion at issue having been reached based on a judgement by WP editors that the assertion is false. See past discussion here, here, and this real-world article talk page discussion (search there for the snippet "No, WP:DUE does not apply here.").
* DUE applies only to (quoting, emphasis mine): "significant viewpoints that have been published by reliable sources" — judging a supporting source to be unreliable for a specific assertion trumps DUE for that assertion. I don't have a problem with DUE applying only to reliable sources. I do have a problem with judging a source to be unreliable based upon editorial perception of untruth. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 22:01, 11 August 2011 (UTC)
* OK, what would you consider to be an appropriate way for editors to determine that a generally reliable source is unreliable for a particular assertion? Jc3s5h (talk) 22:23, 11 August 2011 (UTC)
* I would suggest that the WP:IRS guideline be used as a guide for making judgements about source reliability. Using editorial judgments re Truth vs. Falsity as a basis for determining reliability invites application of editorial POV (if an editor believes an assertion to be false, the source of that assertion can be judged to be unreliable prima facie for that assertion). I suggest that a per-assertion granularity for determination of source reliability is too fine of a granularity. If source X opines Y, and that is contextually and topically significant, and source X is not considered unreliable for the topic, due weight considerations should not allow the suppression of the information that source X has opined Y for the reason that some WP editors believe Y to be untrue. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 23:04, 11 August 2011 (UTC)
* As far as I can see, WP:IRS only describes what kind of sources are better for some categories of information than others, such as medical journals being better for medical claims than newspapers. You are demanding that obvious mistakes that occur in publications that are reliable and well-suited for a particular field be treated as reliable assertions. You are wrong. Jc3s5h (talk) 23:11, 11 August 2011 (UTC)
* I am not demanding that obvious mistakes that occur in publications that are reliable and well-suited for a particular field be treated as reliable assertions. If WP:IRS needs tweaking to clearly and specifically allow judgement of unreliability in the case of obvious mistakes, then tweak it (emphasis mine there re obvious mistakes, in recognition of Hans Adler's point above that it is often hard or impossible to decide what is true and what isn't).
* In this previously exampled article talk page discussion (exampled not because I thought it important, but because I thought it made the issues clear, and reiterated in more detail here at the risk of trivializing this discussion), the argument for excluding the assertion was that the U.S. Census bureau is using either old data information giving unreliable data or have at least some sort of statistical error — to me, that's more of a leap of faith than recognition of an obvious mistake. The Factbook says here, that it relied on estimates from the US Bureau of the Census based on statistics from population censuses, vital statistics registration systems, or sample surveys pertaining to the recent past and on assumptions about future trends. I have trouble calling that an obvious mistake. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 00:35, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* If the Census example isn't important, then what example is important? I have trouble discussing this issue in the abstract without specific cases to support your argument, since editors have already cited specific examples (Mark Twain; Dewey v. Truman) where the policy change you suggested might make things worse. Brmull (talk) 00:54, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* It seems to me that in the population case you mention, the editors were engaging in legitimate source-based research, directly comparing plain factual claims from different sources to see if one of them was an outlier that should be disregarded. There was no original research, such as adjusting figures based on groups that claim to be under-counted. Of course, there will always be cases whether a source differs greatly enough from the consensus of other reliable sources to be regarded as a plain error, rather than a difference of opinion.
* I also believe editors should be able to engage in source-based reasoning that is a bit more sophisticated than counting how many sources make one claim and how many make another claim. For example, source X, gives value A, and sources Y and Z copy the value, citing X. Later, source X issues errata giving value A' on it's web site, but sources Y and Z do not have web sites and have no known mechanism for issuing errata. An independent source, W, gives a value very close to V'. Editors would be justified in ignoring Y and Z, and reporting only the value A' with X as the source. Jc3s5h (talk) 01:04, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* And I believe, as must be obvious, that judgement of truth vs. falsity by WP editors based on their own POV is overly presumptuous. I believe, like you, that counting how many sources make one claim and how many make another claim is not a good method to judge truth vs. falsity. I believe, however, that WP editors should not be making judgments of truth vs. falsity at all, and should not be -- based on those judgments -- suppressing mention of views with which they disagree.
* Regarding "obvious errors", I think that an obvious error is an assertion regarding which a reasonable person would conclude that the source making the assertion was saying something which that source did not knowingly intend to say (e.g., the "three eyes" straw man presented above, or -- continuing the Obama theme of "three eyes" there with a real-world example -- Obama's "57 states" remark discussed here and probably elsewhere -- not e.g., the real-world example I offered regarding the CIA Factbook assertion re the population of the Philippines). I believe that is inappropriate for a WP editor to make a judgement that an apparently knowing and intended assertion by a source considered generally reliable for a topic is unworthy of mention in Wikipedia because that editor disagrees with what that source asserted. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 04:00, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* Editors have to make these sort of judgements all the time. I think the editor you were talking with on the Philippines talk page explained why the 101 million figure was dubious, and why he wanted to go with a different source. Editors have to make these sorts of judgements all the time, and to handcuff them with a one size fits all policy would be detrimental. Moreover given that consensus is going to be needed here, and I'm not seeing any support at all, I think this discussion is becoming academic. Brmull (talk) 07:21, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* I wouldn't say "have to" in the above, but that's obvious. I think I've made my views clear. IMO, policies shouldn't be seen as a set of handcuffs or as restrictions to be gotten around. WP:IAR is out there but, IMO, that should be used in rare exceptional cases rather than being business-as-usual. If I'm shouted down, though, I'm shouted down. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 08:22, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* From a scientific perspective, "truth" is elusive, but finding things "false" is routinely done. As some have said above: If there is a significant difference of opinion in reliable sources, we should report all. But if there are recognizable factual errors that cannot be explained by another perspective, we should not propagate this error. Consider e.g. a typo in a textbook declaring the speed of light to be roughly 300000 m/s (or, conversely, 3E8 km/s). In general, WP:V is a necessary, not a sufficient criterion for inclusion. --Stephan Schulz (talk) 09:02, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* It's not a matter of WP:IAR. There are rules: if two RS are in conflict then you're supposed to report both views. BUT it's commonly accepted that editors make judgements as to one source being authoritative relative to another on a specific point. A RS containing a direct quote is preferred over one that contains a paraphrase, for example. This is elementary source criticism. Brmull (talk) 09:16, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
Wtmitchell, I have a hard time understanding you when you make statements like "I believe, however, that WP editors should not be making judgments of truth vs. falsity at all...." Perhaps you are thinking that "judgement" implies some special mode of thinking, believing, or reasoning, which excludes trivial decisions? As far as I'm concerned, every decision is a judgement. If a reliable publisher publisher issues errata and I decide to apply the errata before quoting the source, that is a judgement of falsity. If I'm listening to a news report and the news anchor says "Yemen, excuse me, I meant Syria" and I decide the reference to Yemen was wrong, that's a judgement of falsity. Jc3s5h (talk) 12:44, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* I would call both those examples recognition of errors acknowledged by the source. Along the same lines, I would call a judgement that Obama mis-spoke in making his "57 states" comment mentioned above recognition of an unacknowledged but obvious error (AFAIK, he never acknowleged the error, but I could be wrong on that). I wouldn't call any of those cases a judgement of falsity by an editor on behalf of Wikipedia regarding an assertion made knowingly and intentionally by a source otherwise considered to be reliable for the topic. See above for more. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 20:53, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
In reality, such judgments (for exclusion of material) are a foundation for creation of the articles that work. And there is no policy/guideline which says that such is wrong, except in cases where these a wp:nopv balancing situation involved. BTW, there is a case of this which is even more prevalent than excluding false material. There are fields where just uncritically putting in stuff from sources results in a confused, uninformative mess, and it requires an editor with a true knowledge of the topic to select the material from the sources which is informative. Usually these are topics where the true knowledge exists only in the 30,000 ft. view, and there is a lack of quality sources that give that view, or where that part is a needle-in-a-haystack in the RS's work. These work because they are uncontentious. Once it gets contentious, this process breaks down. There are various widely accepted chants which are NOT policy which get chanted at the people trying to use that discretion to select/exclude material.
Again, the above is discussing only situations where there is not an wp:npov balancing situation in play; in that case, operative provisions of wp:npov kick in and then what I said above does not apply. North8000 (talk) 13:39, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
comment: In a situation where there are multiple verifiable sources for data, and one of the sources is an outlier to the other sources, it only seems reasonable to use figures from the non-outlier source. It's not clear how else one might resolve data which are not in agreement. I suppose one could make an appeal to the methodology used and prefer sources which are more rigorous to those which are incidental. aprock (talk) 19:33, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* IMO, WP:DUE should be used to address that, without being trumped by editorial opinion of falsity being considered sufficient to classify a source otherwise considered reliable for the topic as not being reliable for a particular assertion knowingly and intentionally uttered by that source but judged by a WP editor to be untrue. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 20:53, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* If one editor removes something which is clearly WP:UNDUE noting that it is "WP:UNTRUE", the most that needs to happen is for another editor to agree with removal and leave a pointer to WP:UNDUE on the talk page. aprock (talk) 21:00, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* Responding directly to your point: WP:UNTRUE is an essay. The nutshell box at the top there says, in part, "Consider these views with discretion. Essays are not Wikipedia policies."
* Responding more generally: Yes, that appears to be the way that it presently works -- perhaps without even a talk page comment. Editorial judgement that an assertion made knowingly and intentionally by a source otherwise considered reliable for the topic is a falsehood allows the source to be considered unreliable for that particular assertion and the assertion to be considered unworthy of mention in Wikipedia. IMO, editorial disagreement with a particular assertion uttered knowingly and intentionally by a source considered generally reliable for the topic should not be allowed to trump WP:DUE.
* I know these comments are out of place, this being the NPOV talk page. But the most common examples are much simpler than that. Let's say I'm writing an article where I've read many RS's and know the topic, and am the only active editor. And so I pick up a 300 page RS book on the topic and say: "the material on pages 198, 207 and 222 is just what this article needs" and I use it. And say "The stuff on page 157 is off on a tangent, it would confuse readers, I won't use that" and make a point of not using it. And the fact on the bottom of page 157 not only looks implausible, it conflicts with all of the other sources say, so I specifically won't use that. So I have just used editorial discretion to "exclude" 297 pages, one page which I specifically decided was bad to use, and 296 pages which I just didn't select to use. This sounds too obvious to repeat, but a surprising number of the mis-guided accepted chants that I see in essence claim that what I just did was "improper" and "not our job". North8000 (talk) 21:42, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* That hypothetical is difficult to respond to. It looks to me as if the exampled decision re p.157 applied WP:DUE. Re excluding 297 pages, I'd need to look at the book and the article in question, and I'd be unlikely to read the 297 pages carefully just to consider this particular situation. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 23:12, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* I made that one up for simplification purposes, but surely you don't doubt that it is everyday. Otherwise, if editors did not leave out ("exclude") material, every article would have a length thousands of pages long, as long as the sum of all of its sources. North8000 (talk) 01:46, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
* This is not relevant to the point of this talk page section, but I will say that I've seen a lot of apparent cherry-picking of source content -- apparently citing the bits which support an article assertion and ignoring other bits, with the ignored bits likely unread by the WP editor citing the source. I made one edit this morning which looks like it involves an example of this -- the edited bit previously quoted stats, citing a study which attributed those stats to an earlier study. The cited study's criticism of the earlier study went unmentioned, as did the specific questions the cited study posed (I focused on, "In particular, does the dual nationality status of the first generation continue to influence political connectedness in the second, third, and fourth generations, or do the effects disappear?"), and ignoring what looks to me like the key finding of the cited study that "... research suggests that while dual nationality likely disconnects immigrants from the American political system, the effect is largely restricted to the first generation." Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 23:12, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
* There's nothing wrong with using a fact from a cite in a different, even opposing, context. But I would wonder why in the example you just gave why the key finding of that study was not included as an alternative view. It seems like that decision would require editor consensus. Brmull (talk) 00:04, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
* The cite appears to have been added here, as part of a series of edits which added a section to the article. I'd guess that the editor adding the material didn't read the cited study much beyond the stats he used from it. This is offtopic for this discussion here. I've left a message on that editor's talk page mentioning this and asking that further discussion re this take place elsewhere than here (e.g., the article talk page). Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 00:43, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
Interpreting WP:UNDUE policy
Question: When does a view represented by a single reliable source merit inclusion? Always? Sometimes? Never?
Detail: At issue is whether or not the issue of due weight can universally be settled by a citing a single reliable source.
Background:In a discussion about sourcing and WP:UNDUE on Talk:Public broadcasting, and I ( are having trouble coming to an agreement on interpreting what constitutes undue weight. Part of the problem is that the policy seems to be somewhat inconsistent. Putting aside the specific sourcing issues at the article, having a clear interpretation of the policy would be useful in moving forward.
After I noted the policy language: "For example, discussion of isolated events, criticisms, or news reports about a subject may be verifiable and neutral, but still be disproportionate to their overall significance to the article topic"
Miradre noted the policy language: "Once it has been presented and discussed in reliable sources, it may be appropriately included."
The broader arc of WP:UNDUE seems clear to me; A view represented by a single source counts for less than an extremely small minority, and therefore should not be included as it is undue. Miradre is arguing that presentation of a view in a single reliable source is all that is required for inclusion. One might argue that "appropriately" is an important modifier here, but the language is imprecise enough that clarification is needed.
Input from outside editors invited. aprock (talk) 16:52, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
n.b.: this RfC is about clarifying WP:UNDUE policy, not WP:PRIMARY policy. aprock (talk) 22:07, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
Discussion
* Note: Aprock has changed the RfC text from what was initially stated. I have certainly not stated the obvious straw man that any single source always merits inclusion. The initial issue instead concerned some specific academic sources as described below.Miradre (talk) 00:09, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Aprock argues that if one anonymous Wikipedia editor objects to an scholarly source then it is in effect not a reliable source anymore. He argues that one must in addition prove that the view is not an extreme minority view. He argues that no evidence needs to be presented that the scholarly source is actually contested or seen as controversial by anyone else. Just the objection itself by a Wikipedia editor is enough. That is, one anonymous opinion counts for more than the whole process of peer-review. Two disputed sources: .Miradre (talk) 17:07, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* Clarification, I view the source as reliable. aprock (talk) 17:15, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* Yet you want to exclude it despite having cited absolutely no evidence for that it is incorrect, contested, criticized, or a minority view of any kind. Miradre (talk) 17:18, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* Just to be clear, the article in question appears to be a review, rather than a primary source. IMO, as a general rule, scholarly primary sources should not be included without discussion in a secondary source. Inclusion of secondary sources follows the usual BRD cycle. The person wanting to add contentious material must obtain consensus on the talk page. Brmull (talk) 20:31, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* @Brmull, that's not one of the sources in question. The sources in question are these two sources and . Regardless of the particular sources, clarification on how to interpret WP:UNDUE is really what is needed here. And depending the nature of the clarification, updating the policy page may be helpful. aprock (talk) 20:57, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* the typical format for scholarly articles is to start with a review of the literature, then move to new findings. The review of the literature tells what scholars consider important. [cite: "a scholarly article with all the formal conventions of the genre— literature review, endnotes, statistics, charts, tables, and formal prose" Carol Smallwood, Writing and publishing: the librarian's handbook (2010) p 8Rjensen (talk) 20:47, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* Aprock misunderstands what a primary source is; the items he cites are both standard secondary sources (in this case articles in scholarly journals that review the scholarly literature). A primary source would be a compilation of data (like an exit poll) Rjensen (talk) 21:09, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* From WP:PRIMARY: scientific paper documenting a new experiment is a primary source. While this isn't explicit in the description of WP:PRIMARY, it's always been my understanding that novel research conclusions are primary sources. If there is some confusion on this point, it may be appropriate to have a related RfC. Regardless, the discussion here is about WP:UNDUE and how one interprets that policy. To the extent that the distinction between primary and secondary sourcing is of any use here is the degree to which it illuminates how widespread a particular view is. For the sources in question, there does not seem to be any argument that the views they describe are widespread. aprock (talk) 21:17, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* You have cited absolutely no evidence for that the scholarly articles incorrect, contested, criticized, or a minority view of any kind. An academic source carries greater weight than the unsourced opinions of an anonymous editor. Miradre (talk) 21:29, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* Not on Wikipedia, it doesn't. Consensus is required to add contentious material. Brmull (talk) 21:41, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* The only evidence for that the material is contentious is Aprock's personal opinion. Miradre (talk) 21:47, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* Regarding the policy quote referenced by Miradre, the operative word is sourced material "may" be appropriately included. Indeed the most troublesome sentence in the entire NPOV policy is "do not remove sourced information from the encyclopedia solely on the grounds that it seems biased." People cite this endlessly, but the very next sentence says "try to rewrite". Remove "if it cannot be addressed by rewriting the passage." Some clarity on the policy might be helpful but I wouldn't know where to start. Brmull (talk) 21:41, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* Well, anyone can remove anything they personally dislike, we will soon not have an encyclopedia, but an ongoing opinion poll regarding what Wikipedia editors like and not like on on each topic at a particular moment. Miradre (talk) 21:53, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
Regarding primary sources it should be noted that they are not prohibited. Wikipedia's science articles cite an numerous primary sources. Disallowing them would require rewriting numerous articles and would require a great deal of discussion by the community before such a dramatic action. Miradre (talk) 22:02, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* Unfortunately I don't see how this issue can be resolved, but yes, adding commentary on the Soviet Union's use of propaganda in order to discredit current public broadcasting is UNDUE, and inserting "argued" several times is POV writing. Political opinion pieces on why tax payer funding of public broadcasting is evil present a difficult policy challenge: is Public broadcasting the place to canvas political views from the left and right with cherry picked extracts from "reliable" sources? Re the RfC question: I don't think a general statement can be made about when it is reasonable to include a view from a single source, so each case needs arguing out—leaving Wikipedia vulnerable to WP:CPUSH. Johnuniq (talk) 23:27, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* With respect to the RfC, maybe I should state it better, but I think your feedback illustrates some of the issues here. It does not seem unreasonable to me that these things should be reasoned out on a case by case basis. This is of course contrary to the position that Miradre has taken based on the policy quote he highlighted. The implication of that quote is that mere publication in a reliable source is enough, and there is no case by case reasoning to be done. aprock (talk) 23:45, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* That is an incorrect position. I would certainly have considered if you had presented any evidence for that the given academic sources were contested or disputed by anyone. However, you presented no such evidence. It is you who have refused to discuss on a case per case basis.Miradre (talk) 23:59, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* Recall, this is an issue of due, not contested or disputed. aprock (talk) 00:04, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Due is certainly concerned with contested and disputed. An academic view that is not contested and disputed is not an extreme minority view. Miradre (talk) 00:11, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* I'm referring to the policy as written. There is no mention of contested or disputed in the policy. aprock (talk) 00:12, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* One example from WP:UNDUE: "Wikipedia should not present a dispute as if a view held by a small minority deserved as much attention overall as the majority view." If there is no dispute regarding it, then an academic view is not an extreme minority that should not be mentioned. Miradre (talk) 00:19, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* You are discussing policy regarding the presentation of a dispute. There is no dispute being presented here. aprock (talk) 00:32, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* If there is no dispute or opposing views, then these academic views are not an extreme minority and are thus not undue. Miradre (talk) 00:44, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* This does not follow. I believe you are confusing "minority of academics who study the topic" with "minority". If a single researcher studies a topic, his view is a majority of researchers but discussing his research is likely undue. aprock (talk) 00:46, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Of course there is not a single researcher looking at this. Even if it was, a single researcher can certainly find extremely important results. Miradre (talk) 00:59, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* This paper was authored by a single researcher, and this by two. aprock (talk) 01:09, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Before being published the paper went through a difficult process of peer-review. Many other people have found the view to be significant and interesting. On the other hand, you have presented no one who objects. Miradre (talk) 01:19, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Who are these many other people who have found the view to be significant and interesting? aprock (talk) 01:46, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* The peer-reviewers, the editor of the journal, and so on. There are numerous people involved before an academic paper is allowed to be published. Miradre (talk) 01:54, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* So just to be clear, your position is that if a paper is published in a reliable peer reviewed journal, that peer review establishes the views of the paper as sufficiently due to include in wikipedia. Correct? aprock (talk) 02:11, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Not necessarily. For example, the view may be shown to be incorrect and not even historically interesting by later research. Miradre (talk) 02:15, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* What about in the absence of other evidence, such as being shown incorrect or interesting by later research? aprock (talk) 02:17, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Cannot think of more considerations right now although there may well be others. Miradre (talk) 02:26, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* I'm talking about in the absence of other considerations. aprock (talk) 02:30, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* In that case I agree that an academic source is due. Just to note, here I am talking about academic research with no evidence given for that there are opposing views.Miradre (talk) 02:42, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Thanks for your opinion Johnuniq. Just to clarify. We have agreed to exclude Soviet material since aprock found a relatively good source for that state and public broadcasting are different. The current issue is instead regarding acceptable sources for advantages and disadvantages of public broadcasting. I should note that aprock have selectively only deleted negative views and opinions while selectively leaving behind all positive ones. I have not challenged these sources since I think the pros and cons should be discussed. Since Wikipedia have pro and con discussions on many other topics I feel that this article can also have such a discussion. Miradre (talk) 23:53, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* Sometimes: Based on Johnuniq's feedback, I've slightly reworded the question to at least give some indication of the spectrum of possible responses. I'll start the ball rolling by noting that I think this should be handled on a case by case basis. aprock (talk) 23:48, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
* You changed it to a straw man. I have certainly not stated man that any single source always merits inclusion. For example, unreliable sources do not merit inclusion. Miradre (talk) 00:14, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* I certainly did not mean to imply that unreliable sources were relevant here. I've clarified above. aprock (talk) 00:37, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* It is still a straw man. A view shown to be an extreme minority should obviously not be included as per policy. Miradre (talk) 00:46, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Just to clarify, you are misquoting policy. Here is the policy to which you refer: If a viewpoint is held by an extremely small (or vastly limited) minority, it does not belong in Wikipedia. The source you are proposing to add is held by a vastly limited minority consisting of a single source. There is no indication from the source that this view is held outside the source. aprock (talk) 00:50, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* You presented no evidence for that the view is held by an extremely small minority except your own unsourced personal opinion.Miradre (talk) 00:56, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Point taken. And neither have you presented any evidence that the view is held outside of a vastly limited minority. This gets to the heart of the RfC. Does the burden of demonstrating due weight be on those who wish to insert content, or not? aprock (talk) 01:06, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Yet another straw man. The burden of evidence is of course on those making a claim. Including the claim that an academic view is an extreme minority view. Before being published a paper goes through a difficult process of peer-review. Many other people have found the view to be significant and interesting. On the other hand, you have presented no one at all who objects to these views.Miradre (talk) 01:21, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* There are two claims. You are claiming that the views represented are WP:DUE, and thus merit inclusion. I am claiming that they are WP:UNDUE and do not merit inclusion. In the absence of any evidence, the question is which view should default. aprock (talk) 01:41, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* An academic paper has gone through an extensive publishing process where many people besides the authors have weighed in, modified the text, and finally found the views noteworthy and significant. Against this we have your personal opinion as an anonymous Wikipedia editor. Miradre (talk) 01:50, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
We can look at this another way. Primary sources are not disallowed. Our sciences articles cites many primary sources. Disallowing them would require rewriting numerous articles and would require a great deal of discussion by the community before such a dramatic action. But aprock's interpretation of policy would in fact disallow all primary sources in Wikipedia. Whenever a primary source is used, then someone can claim without presenting any evidence whatsoever that the academic view is an extreme minority view and therefore delete the academic source. The same claim could be applied to for example many newspaper articles (that do not include an actual poll of current views or similar material). This is in effect would be an enormous change of Wikipedia policy. Miradre (talk) 01:12, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* There is nothing in my RfC, or in WP:UNDUE which refers to WP:PRIMARY sources. Likewise I have made no claim about WP:PRIMARY sources here in the discussion. This discussion is about the default weight that should be given a single source in the absence of any indication what the proper weight for that source should be. aprock (talk)
* Your interpretation would in effect prohibit all primary sources and many newspaper articles and likely many other sources. Miradre (talk) 01:52, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Perhaps it would be helpful for you Aprock to lay out the policy change you propose. I don't think Miradre is understanding you and the discussion is going in circles. Brmull (talk) 02:05, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Part of the problem here, and the reason for the RfC, is that I'm not 100% clear on what the actual policy is. I'm not really vested in the policy being one way or the other. I have been editing under the assumption that mere publication in a reliable peer reviewed journal was not enough to satisfy WP:DUE, and that some indication that a view was notable outside that publication was required. If I am wrong about that, I would be happy to change my editing to conform to what the actual policy is. aprock (talk) 02:14, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* This interpretation would in effect prohibit all primary sources and many newspapers articles and likely many other sources as well. Only surverys, polls, and similar sources would be acceptable. Miradre (talk) 02:20, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* If a view is shown to be notable by multiple sources, inclusion may be justified. If a view is described as notable by a single secondary source inclusion may be justified. If the view is discuss in dozens upon dozens of sources, inclusion seems almost certainly justified. If a view is only discussed in a single source, without any indication that it is notable outside that source, inclusion would not be justified. That said, I'm much more interested in knowing that the actual policy is, than in advocating what I think it should or should not be. aprock (talk) 02:29, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* This is a very different policy. Many our science articles use many primary sources and would need to be extensively rewritten. The same with many articles citing newspaper articles and so on. Miradre (talk) 02:35, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* This is a meta-comment, about the dispute rather than the substance: Both Aprock and Mirade are spending too much time bickering over this. Both of them need to slow down and let other editors comment. Both of them would do well to stop responding to the other person's comments within minutes. If you've opened this RFC to get comments, rather than to get another place to argue with each other, then you need to make this forum more accessible to other people by not posting.
* My personal advice to Aprock is to give up now: You are going to lose this debate. Further discussion here is just a waste of everyone's time. Mirade is right: scholarly sources whose ideas have never been contested by any published reliable source are basically the definition of the majority viewpoint on Wikipedia. The community will never agree that you get to exclude a scholarly viewpoint merely because it contradicts your ideas. WhatamIdoing (talk) 17:00, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* I appreciate your advice, but I'll note that I'm not trying to win any debate, I'm trying to get the policy clarified. aprock (talk) 19:39, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
UNDUE is pretty straightforward, but applying it can be tricky. If a single good source says X and a wide range of sources say not-X, then giving X parity with not-X amounts to giving it undue weight. If the ratio is 10:1, then you need to devote several times as much space to not-X as to X. If it's 100:1, you might want to leave it out altogether. But this only works if the difference is fairly stark and you can build a consensus of involved editors. And, when it comes down to it, it requires a certain amount of OR. Ideally, you should go with what secondary sources say about the relative prominence of X and not-X, since it reduces the need for editors to evaluate and weigh the prominence of different sources. This is not an option when secondary sources are lacking. However, if secondary sources that address the minority viewpoint (X, in this case) are lacking, it calls into question whether X is really notable. Guettarda (talk) 20:19, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* Just a note: I'm trying to clarify situations where there is a single source. Phrased in ratios, it would be 1:0 in terms of X v !X views. aprock (talk) 20:22, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* If the source is new, I'd say wait for secondary sources (since it's an academic source, see how others have cited it). If it isn't new, and hasn't been cited, it's probably not notable. Guettarda (talk) 20:30, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* I pretty much agree with Guettarda except in general I would not include a primary source without a secondary source that attests to its significance. I do not agree with WhatamIdoing. The burden of obtaining consensus should rest with the editor who wants to add controversial material, not with the one who wants to remove it. Of course people don't respect the rules and it sometimes comes down to mob rule where the editors with more reverts on their side (before reaching 3RR) win the argument. Brmull (talk) 22:11, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* sometimes I think that the only realistic answer is "sometimes" because every situation is different. If the one primary source on a physics topic is Stephen Hawking and the numerous other sources are all self-published, that's different than if the one primary source is a single paper and the numerous smaller sources are physics journals. "Importance" of a viewpoint relies on a lot of things: the notability/credibility of the source, the degree to which the source is reported in secondary sources, the degree of direct relevance to the article topic. HominidMachinae (talk) 00:52, 20 August 2011 (UTC)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HG_J1_(ADN-Y).PNG
''' Claim of 60% of Sedan/ Ethiopia being J1 rather than E Haplogroup are not factual based on papers cited and are contradicted by others. '''
I realize original images created by a Wikipedian are not considered original research, so long as they do not illustrate or introduce unpublished ideas or arguments, the core reason behind the NOR policy. However, image captions are subject to this policy no less than statements in the body of the article. "*etc..." is not a justification of many parts of this image, including referenced assumptions for Central Asia and the Caucasus outside of Dagestan.
The Horn of Africa where the highest densities is shown for J1 depict a density of over 60% in Sudan and Ethiopia. the paragroup E-M78*. E-V65 and E-V13 were completely absent in the samples analyzed, whereas the other subclades were relatively common. E-V12* accounts for 19.3% and is widely distributed among Sudanese. E-V32 (51.8%) is by far the most common subclades among Sudanese. It has the highest frequency among populations of western Sudan and Beja. E-V22 accounts for 27.2% and its highest frequency appears to be among Fulani, but it is also common in Nilo-Saharan speaking groups. http://ychrom.invint.net/upload/iblock/94d/Hassan%202008%20Y-Chromosome%20Variation%20Among%20Sudanese.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC384897/figure/FG1/
* E-M78 subclades The distribution of E-M78 subclades among Sudanese is shown in Table 2. Only two chromosomes fell under
* E-M35 is far in the majority for Etheopia while J1 is less than 13.5% - no where near 60%
http://www.human-evol.cam.ac.uk/Members/Lahr/pubs/AHG-65-01.pdf http://www2.smumn.edu/facpages/~poshea/uasal/DNAWWW/pdfs/Underhill2000.pdf given in Underhill et al. 2000." Figure 2 relates to a total found, not the specific "Central Asia." (2); Asia: 3 Japanese IV, V, VII; 2 Han Chinese VII, 1 Taiwan Atayal VII, 1 Taiwan Ami, VII, 2 Cambodian VI, VII; Pakistan: 2 Hunza VI, IX; 2 Pathan VI, VII; 1 Brahui VIII; 1 Baloochi VI; 3 Sindhi III, VI, VIII; Central Asia: 2 Arab IX; 1 Uzbek IX; 1 Kazak V; MidEast: 1 Druze VI; Pacific: 2 New Guinean V, VIII; 2 Bougainville Islanders VIII; 2 Australian VI, X: America: 1 Brazil Surui, 1 Brazil Karatina, 1 Columbian, 1 Mayan all X. We genotyped an additional 1,009 chromosomes, representing 21 geographic regions, by DHPLC for all markers other than those on the terminal branches of the phylogeny. We genotyped the latter only in individuals from the haplogroup to which those markers belonged. This hierarchic genotyping protocol was necessitated by the limited amounts of genomic DNA available for most samples.regions, by DHPLC for all markers other than those on the terminal branches of the phylogeny.'' The majority of them are J2[M172]. Those who are not are under M89. The 17 with M89 alone can be J* without being J1. '''*There is no mention in the methods in any of the four listed of a retesting of these samples. Since F* is the parent of J*, it is possible, all of the 17 samples claimed to be J1 are J* rather than J1.'''
* Tofanelli et al 2009 supplemental data states the data came from Semino et al, 2004 (http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p1023-1034.pdf and gives the location of the 184 of which 18 are J1 as southern Kazakhstan, or Lat.+42.1100006 Long.+70.2900009 - a single point. Semino et al did not do the original work and cites Underhill et al, 2001 and 2000:
* 1.Underhill PA, Passarino G, Lin AA, Shen P, Mirazon Lahr M, Foley RA, Oefner PJ, Cavalli-Sforza LL (2001) The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations. Ann Hum Genet 65:43–62
* 2.Underhill PA, Shen P, Lin AA, Jin L, Passarino G, Yang WH,Kauffman E, Bonne-Tamir B, Bertranpetit J, Francalacci P,Ibrahim M, Jenkins T, Kidd JR, Mehdi SQ, Seielstad MT, Wells RS, Piazza A, Davis RW, Feldman MW, Cavalli-Sforza
* The 1.Underhill directs us to 2.Underhill with the statement "Figure 2, which is based upon frequency data
* 2.Underhill lists in the methods,
* ''The ascertainment set consisted of the following 53 samples with their subsequently determined haplogroup designations: Africa: 3 Central African Republic Biaka II, III (1); 2 Zaire Mbuti II, III; 2 Lissongo II, III; 2 Khoisan I, III; 1 Berta VI; 1 Surma I; 1 Mali Tuareg III; 1 Mali Bozo III; Europe: 1 Sardinian VI; 2 Italian VI IX; 1 German VI; 3 Basque VI, IX
* There was no M267 used, mentioned, or, likely, available at that time, but Underhill lists on Table 1.for VII in Central Asia and Siberia, a total of 42, under SNP lines 49-71. That is:56[89,M172,67]=2; 57[89,M172,67,92]=1; 58[89,M172*]=12; 60[89,M172,12,102]=4,62[89,M172,68]=1,63[89,M172,47]=1; 65[89,52,69]=2; 68[89,52,69,82]=1; 70[89,52,69,84,39,138]=1; 71[89]=17
*The issue of J1 in the Caucasus is even more evident as they have been mostly F* or G* without the subclade of J. I can go into further issues, but just one inaccuracy in the map statements and depiction should be enough'''JohnLloydScharf (talk) 23:29, 20 August 2011 (UTC)
Interpreting undue policy (2)
Currently there is an RfC at Talk:Distribution_of_wealth, which also deals with the problem handling undue content. I am uninvolved in this discussion about using charts from a single primary source. Again, the issue of WP:UNDUE is central to the RfC. A clearer and more precise policy for what constitutes undue would certainly help in situations like this, either to clearly indicate that such a paper is undue, or that such a paper clearly may not be undue for specific reasons. aprock (talk) 15:28, 26 August 2011 (UTC)
* Wp:undue is very important, it needs a lot of work to make it more apply-able and implementable. North8000 (talk) 11:11, 30 August 2011 (UTC)
OR in the name of neutrality
I have seen a problem in articles where popular topics have drawn significant criticism. Editor's are tempted to add sourced facts that neutralize published criticism without providing sources that make the connection between those facts and the criticism. Editors think they are following OR guidelines by providing reliable sources to back up the facts but even when counter arguments are based on reliable sources it constitutes OR if we don't provide sources that make that counter argument with the specific intention of addressing the criticism. I think it would be helpful to address this in the guidelines, either here or in the OR page (or both). Joja lozzo 21:30, 3 September 2011 (UTC)
* Actually, the connection should be to the topic of the criticism, not to the criticism. And, while you are getting to the edges of one of the two gaping holes in wp:NPOV (nothing about relevancy as a metric for material), I think that starting a new standard of rs's having to state/support relevancy of the material (vs. the current standard of RS's supporting the material) IMHO is going too far. North8000 (talk) 21:50, 3 September 2011 (UTC)
* An editor who supplies their own arguments to counter criticism is engaging in OR. Criticism is a meta-topic and requires sources that address that meta-topic, i.e. sources that are engaged in the discussion. An editor adding their own ideas to the meta-topic is OR whether they can source the facts they assert or not. Reliable sources already have to be on-topic. This is not changing that - it's just recognizing that criticism and controversy is a meta-topic and requires sources that address the meta-topic. Joja lozzo 23:01, 3 September 2011 (UTC)
NPOV and categorization of articles
The present version states This applies not only to article text, but to images, wikilinks, external links, categories, and all other material as well.. I was wondering if there's any specific articulation on how exactly NPOV policy is to be applied to these other formats, in particular external links and categories. I am asking because recently I've noticed a bit of an uptick in "POV pushing by category inclusion/exclusion" - in other words, instances where users try to disparage a subject by including their articles in "nasty" categories.
Do sources, or anything like that, have to be provided for an article to be included in a particular category, given that this may be controversial? What about in the case of BLPs? Volunteer Marek 12:59, 14 September 2011 (UTC)
* I'd remove a category saying something like "wording potentially incorrect/POVed & not supported by sources, please explain on talk". AFAIK we don't have a specific tag to indicate what type of material may be POVed/uncited in the article, so there is, to my knowledge, no template "the categories in this article may not be neutral." Perhaps we should have one? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| talk to me 15:13, 14 September 2011 (UTC)
* Sounds like vandalism to me. Joja lozzo 16:52, 14 September 2011 (UTC)
* Well, it's not vandalism, since there could be a legitimate reason for disagreement here. And re:Piotrus, I was wondering though if there's any specific description of how NPOV applies to categories (and for that matter See Alsos etc), somewhere. A template like the one you suggest would follow from such a policy description. Volunteer Marek 16:54, 14 September 2011 (UTC)
* I've seen WP:LABEL cited in discussions about whether a category is appropriate, although it doesn't actually refer to categories. --Tryptofish (talk) 18:13, 14 September 2011 (UTC)
* Actually, come to think of it, WP:BLPCAT is really what I think you are looking for. I'm not sure there's anything about categories unrelated to persons, although I can certainly imagine POV issues with respect to non-person categories. (Category:Pseudoscience comes immediately to mind.) --Tryptofish (talk) 18:17, 14 September 2011 (UTC)
Dates
I'm curious about Wiki policy on dates--I've found a mix of both Christian-relative dating convention and standardized neutral dating convention. I've also encountered some people who deliberately go from page to page, changing all CE and BCE to AD and BC. Personally, I consider the former to be neutral and the latter non-neutral (although one can hardly be accused of deliberate bias when growing up with this style as the only option). In some instances, such as articles pertaining to Orthodox Judaism, the usage of Christian referential dating may well be offensive to other users who are likely to search for or edit these articles (as many, if not all, Orthodox Jews have a proscription against any references to Christianity, Jesus or even a cross). Other modern encyclopedias tend to stick with the non-Christian convention in their more recent editions. As such, NPOV position should be to prefer standard non-Christian date references. Let me put it in terms that anyone can understand--since, personally, I do not hold any beliefs that would make Jesus or Jesus Christ or some other named individual or deity from 2011 years ago "My Lord", I find the AD and BC designations inappropriate in all contexts other than those on the inner workings of Christian churches (with the exception of titles or quotations taken from other sources). This does not mean that I would accuse anyone who prefers Christian-relative dating convention a "bigot", but I would certainly prefer neutral nomenclature. On the other hand, in professional circles, someone who insists on such nomenclature may well be considered bigoted and unprofessional. Since some US conservatives actually consider the AD and BC labels integral to their ideology, repeated and pervasive changes of dating nomenclature may indicate persistent bias. Alex.deWitte (talk) 05:11, 17 September 2011 (UTC)
* I think the principal stylistic guidance is at WP:ERA. I, too, have noticed that this issue comes up a lot on religion-related pages, and I suppose I agree with you that there can be POV issues associated with the system selected on a given page. At the content level, it may be best to deal with the issue page-by-page, but I think that an editor going around and mass changing against consensus, as you described, could potentially be disruptive. --Tryptofish (talk) 18:22, 17 September 2011 (UTC)
* Thanks for pointing to WP:ERA--that's the page that eluded me and sifting through all the style manuals is a daunting task when time is at a premium. The page-by-page scenario is a good ball-park strategy, but, eventually, even this approach will lead to conflicts. I wonder about the accuracy of the style article, however, as they accurately say that AD and CE are "traditional", but, in fact, they are traditional only in some kinds of sources (mostly European and Colonial sources, but many post-colonial sources have now turned away from that convention). I also believe that a more accurate description is the decline of or moving away from the AD/CE usage rather than "wider use" of CE/BCE. As I mentioned previously, in some fields--particularly those that deal with dates regularly--such as history, anthropology, archeology, etc.--the CE/BCE convention is standard, although some subfields (e.g., Biblical archeology--mostly in Christian-oriented journals) maintain the traditional labels. And the move has generally been deliberate, not merely due to "wider spread" of the neutral convention. In most cases, it won't matter--e.g., the Sack of [ostensibly Christian] Rome may well be tagged "410 AD" (or just "410" where it is not ambiguous) without raising anyone's ire. I would not make a change in such an article, unless there was a lot of editing to be done in it anyway and some of the errors included incorrect date tags, e.g. "A.D." or "BC 500" rather than "AD" and "500 BC". In general, I would like to see the WP:ERA revised, eventually, but that time has not come yet.
* --Alex.deWitte (talk) 20:54, 17 September 2011 (UTC)
Quick question
On Talk:Robert P. George, a number of editors are claiming that a given source should be discounted as having a conflict of interest because he is gay. Where is the best place to look in existing policy to once and for all dismiss this argument? Kansan (talk) 14:58, 22 September 2011 (UTC)
* BLPPRIMARY, RSN et al. In case the issue is about a book written by anybody (gay or not) containing personal opinion about another individual in whose BLP the book is being used, it cannot be used as per PRIMARY which quotes that "Do not base material purely on primary sources." If there's a reliable source that quotes this primary source book, then yes, this book source can be used to augment the primary source. And this is policy; for BLPs, much more. Wifione Message 15:10, 22 September 2011 (UTC)
* A specific issue can be raised at WP:NPOVN. For example, ask whether a specific edit or specific text in article Robert P. George satisfies NPOV given that the source is questioned. Johnuniq (talk) 23:07, 22 September 2011 (UTC)
The source is WP:V: "Sources themselves do not need to maintain a neutral point of view; indeed many reliable sources are not neutral." But as Johnuniq said this is not the right forum for this question. If more discussion is necessar use WP:NPOVN. I'm not sure whether Wifione's comment is applicable to your question. Sullivan's book is not a primary source. Brmull (talk) 02:27, 23 September 2011 (UTC)
Interpreting WP:UNDUE policy (3)
This is a reopening of a continuing discussion regarding how to interpret undue policy. Here are links to the previous discussions:,.
general question: When does a view represented by a single reliable source merit inclusion?
specific example: The particular question revolves around the use of this source: Immigration and the Economic Status of African-American Men. The source in question is novel research published in an academic journal. Does the existence of this research article demonstrate sufficient weight to merit discussion in Immigration to the United States?
My interpretation of WP:UNDUE hinges on the third item in the bulleted list: If a viewpoint is held by an extremely small (or vastly limited) minority, it does not belong in Wikipedia regardless of whether it is true or not and regardless of whether you can prove it or not, except perhaps in some ancillary article.. Other editors have made the argument that "UNDUE refers only to giving exaggerated emphasis on a minority viewpoint". As currently written, the policy is not very clear on this nuance, and I think the policy should be clarified in this regard so that this sort of confusion can be avoided in the future.
I invite opinions and comments on the specific issue, but more importantly, I would like feedback on how to work towards making the policy clearer. Thank you. aprock (talk) 20:59, 26 September 2011 (UTC)
* Aprock misread the rules which clearly favor publication in scholarly journals and presses. If a scholarly book has only one author--most do--then Aprock would reject it by his reading of the "rule". The rule is designed to minimize fringe theories that have not been accepted by scholars. Scholarly publishers have teams of editors, editorial boards and reviewers who inspect every submission closely. Their consensus in publishing an article or book is a demonstration that leading experts endorse publication as valuable (even though the reviewers might disagree with some of the findings). That is how scholarship works. The article in question was coauthored by famous professors holding endowed chairs at Harvard (George J. Borjas), U of Chicago and U of California and appeared in April 2010 in a leading British economics journal that has been published by the London School of Economics for 75+ years and is near the top in terms of citations by economists. (its editorial board represents 24 tenured professors at many universities including London, Columbia, Amsterdam, Penn, Liege, Barcelena, Copenhagen, and Stockholm.) No fringe there. The Primary Sources used by the article = US Census, 1960-2000. The Borjas article cites 21 other articles in major journals that have worked on this topic and mostly come to roughly similar results. Rjensen (talk) 21:26, 26 September 2011 (UTC)
* Correction, this discussion is not about a book, but rather novel research with a single publication. But responding to the general point, I think it is correct to say that a scholarly book which presents novel conclusions, and which has no secondary sources that establish the weight of that book, should in general not be used as a basis for adding content to wikipedia. Note that the policy being discussed here is WP:UNDUE, not WP:PSTS or WP:FRINGE. aprock (talk) 21:35, 26 September 2011 (UTC)
* I agree with Rjensen. I'm not clear in this particular instance why Aprock feels that the scholarly article in question represents an "extremely small (or vastly limited) minority" (?). I feel the "Undue" policy is fairly clear, overall -- and that it means we should not give undue emphasis to a minority viewpoint, but be fair in giving topics attention in proportion to their importance and consensus. But "undue" is one of those things which can be interpreted in different ways depending on what a user believes. The sense of "undue" is balance -- keeping things in perspective; is this what others think?--Tomwsulcer (talk) 21:43, 26 September 2011 (UTC)
* I guess it all comes down to the question of "how do you identify a minority viewpoint". Lacking any other criterion, I suggest that a solitary academic source without any secondary sourcing should generally be considered outside the mainstream. Research explores the frontiers of knowledge. It does not define mainstream upon publication. aprock (talk) 21:46, 26 September 2011 (UTC)
* I'm still trying to understand what you're trying to say here. Why do you think that the George J. Borjas study is a "solitary academic source"? To be published, it has to be approved by editors and colleagues, since it is a peer-reviewed journal; it is not a work done in isolation by with tacit approval of numerous others. It is not self-published on a vanity press (if it had been, then it might qualify as a solitary primary source). It is neither census data nor a press release: these are primary sources. Rather, it is a published study in a peer-reviewed journal. To argue that this particular article is "outside the mainstream" seems unfounded, based on the credentials of the academics who did the study and their associations, as well as the reputation of the journal they published in. And your claim that "research explores the frontiers of knowledge" -- well sometimes it does, but often times it re-looks (re-searches) what's been studied before, to look at it again, but from a new perspective, with new eyes. That's perfectly fine. What Wikipedia does not want is original research -- namely new findings and information that us Wikipedians bring to the table. But it is perfectly fine for us to quote published research done by parties such as academics, newspaper reporters, music critics and such -- these sources are once-removed from the primary data (interviews with subjects, computer tabulations, market research reports, other articles) and therefore are acceptable secondary sources. So I am having trouble figuring out what you mean, or if you're serious about raising the issues you raise.--Tomwsulcer (talk) 02:34, 27 September 2011 (UTC)
* Why do I think it is a solitary academic source? Because it is. I submit that newly published research cannot be mainstream, exactly because research occurs on the leading edge of knowledge. If and when other sources come along confirming, contextualizing, or correcting a source, we might have a better idea whether new research is mainstream. To suggest otherwise is a case of WP:CRYSTAL. aprock (talk) 02:50, 27 September 2011 (UTC)
* Once something is in a peer-reviewed journal and written by an acknowledged scholar in the field, it could be possible to include such a source, Aprock, you've already described as new/ novel/ leading.... I'd have to read the source to give a definitive response. P ЄTЄRS J V ►TALK 02:56, 27 September 2011 (UTC)
* I'm not parsing what you wrote above properly, could you rewrite it? Regardless, I'm not suggesting that you cannot include such sources. Rather, that without any secondary sourcing supporting that research, inclusion is generally undue. aprock (talk) 03:07, 27 September 2011 (UTC)
* New research can merit inclusion when it's from an expert in the field and as soon as there are reviews (from other experts) to indicate whether the new research has intrigued scholars or if it has been dismissed as fringe. It's not a foolproof test when hindsight is later applied, but it's the best we can do. Better? P ЄTЄRS J V ►TALK 03:18, 27 September 2011 (UTC)
* It appears that you are essentially agreeing with what I'm saying. The initial publication of a paper isn't enough to establish due weight, but rather we need secondary sourcing to gauge how mainstream the research is. Am I reading you right? aprock (talk) 03:28, 27 September 2011 (UTC)
* Scholarly journals intensively study the submitted paper to guarantee that it is mainstream--they call on editorial boards, staff editors and peer reviewers and compare the proposed paper to the literature in the field. It often takes months. That's what happened here. In nearly every case--certainly in this case--the study is not a lightning bolt from heaven. It builds on dozens of published studies using more advanced statistics and bigger data sets to measure impact more precisely. A look at google.books (use BORJAS NBER) will show that 2000+ books and articles reference his work. That's mainstream. Of course, Aprock has never said what the mainstream is and how this article deviates from it, which he must to fit the UNDUE rule. Rjensen (talk) 07:11, 27 September 2011 (UTC)
TRY?
Why does this clause say in the intro say "try:" " and editors should try to familiarize themselves with all three" They are "core." Try, therefore, is an inappropriate request. I move to strike "try." Alanscottwalker (talk) 14:32, 25 September 2011 (UTC)
* I say strike the whole clause - having told people they are "core", they will know what to do next, if they want to. Most editors can happily remain only vaguely aware, if at all, of what's written on these three pages, and will get on perfectly fine. We don't want to put people off editing by implying that they ought to read reams of Wikipedia introspection before they start.--Kotniski (talk) 17:46, 25 September 2011 (UTC)
* Those are good points, I think. Let me suggest another alternative: change the clause to "and editors are expected to comply with all three." --Tryptofish (talk) 20:54, 25 September 2011 (UTC)
* I accept that change. Alanscottwalker (talk) 11:34, 2 October 2011 (UTC)
Describing aesthetic opinions
This section of the policy refers to “prominent experts”; is there a definition for this term? For example, is Time magazine considered to be a “prominent expert” in the example given in WP:PEA? Uniplex (talk) 19:46, 27 September 2011 (UTC)
RFC Notice - proposed changes to WP:Verifiability
I draw your attention to the RFC at WT:Verifiability proposing changes to WP:Verifiability. As this RfC relates to a core policy (one that is deeply inter-connected with WP:NPOV) it is hoped that we can receive comments from a wide spectrum of the community (and especially those who regularly work on this page). Please swing by, read the proposal and accompanying rational, and leave a comment. Blueboar (talk) 12:47, 6 October 2011 (UTC)
RfC on "verifiability, not truth"
There is an RfC here on whether to remove from the lead of Verifiability that "the threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth." The RfC is likely to close in a few days, so if you want to comment please do so soonish. Many thanks, SlimVirgin TALK | CONTRIBS 23:52, 28 October 2011 (UTC)
* Yes, this is the same RfC that is announced in the thread just above this one. The proposal is a lot more complex than just removing the line ... but you can read the proposal and the rational for it at the RfC... in any case, I echo SV's call for you to come and comment. We are coming up on 30 days, so it will close soon. Blueboar (talk) 02:34, 29 October 2011 (UTC)
* Slim's summary is not accurate. Of the portion which Slim claims that the proposal is removing from the lead, the actual proposal RETAINS all but two words of it in the lead, and moves the two words ("not truth") into the following section. North8000 (talk) 13:28, 29 October 2011 (UTC)
* It's even more complex than that... the proposal does change the wording of the sentence SV is concerned about, but it seeks to retain the concept behind that sentence, and tries to explain that concept more clearly by expanding it to an entire section of the policy. Please just go to the RfC, read the proposal and the rational that accompanies it, and make your own decision. Blueboar (talk) 14:48, 29 October 2011 (UTC)
Note: the link above in the first sentence should read that the RfC can be found at Wikipedia_talk:Verifiability Unscintillating (talk) 19:34, 30 October 2011 (UTC)
Is "Societal views on X" NPOV, or just confusing?
I would like to check where and why the recommendation is given here that "Criticism of X" should be replaced with "Societal views on X" in the cause of NPOV (hoping that I'm not opening a very nasty can of worms here).
My question and concern came about in a debate on the talk page of "the article formerly known as criticism of intellectual property" ;-)
The article has been renamed following the guidelines set here into societal views on intellectual property. I can see why "criticism" (with the usual understanding of the word) is considered too negative to include in a title, but is "societal" actually better? What has "society" actually to do with "the issues at issue"?
I saw a very appropriate use of societal in the article societal attitudes towards abortion since here it is quite explicit that different societies' views on abortion are being compared. The "societies" in question being both continental/regional, national and religious.
But is it useful to frame every debate on a "contested concept" in terms of "society"? Going by the definitions and connotations connected to "society" in such articles as society, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft and imagined communities, it seems unclear to me why "societal" is considered fit as a general "stock title phrase" both in terms of NPOV and sheer helpfulness. Does it then actually bring more confusion than NPOV and thereby lose in coherence what it may have gained in NPOV?
Using societal seems to imply either the views/discussion of a topic within one particular society, or the views of different societies on the topic. But what then of cases such as intellectual property, where the debate(s) do(es) not conform to either of these scenarios? Are "we" then creating a false sense of coherence and unity in terms of the forum for and form of (a) debate(s) that seem(s) more to represent a widely dispersed set of individuals, groups, organisations etc.?
I do not have a ready replacement "descriptor" in hand to substitute for societal, but I would like to hear whether the choice of that particular word was the process of a wider debate, and what were the reasons for using it in the example.
* Mojowiha (talk) 03:13, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
* As an incomplete reply, I offer this link to an essay which gives a few suggestions for other words, such as "evaluation," "review," "critique," or "assessment". Jesanj (talk) 03:23, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
"Relevant" redirect is not relevant
Why is WP:Relevant redirected to NPOV? I changed the redirect to REV. WCCasey (talk) 07:12, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
"This policy is non-negotiable and all editors and articles must follow it."
I do not fully understand how this requirement can be implemented in reality. What if some users decided not to follow this policy? Consider a situation when some group of users opposes to change of the content under a pretext that the content is properly sourced, and totally ignores the fact that the sources they use are the subject of serious criticism. What is the mechanism that would allow us to change such non-neutral content if any RfCs give ca 50:50 votes pro and contra (which is usually interpreted by uninvolved admins as "no consensus for change")?--Paul Siebert (talk) 02:25, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* WP:RSN and then if there is a still a serious problem ArbCom-- Cailil talk 03:17, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* I am talking about reliable, but seriously contested sources, so RSN has no relation to that issue. You probably meant "WP:NPOVN", however, that is also not a panacaea: the NPOVN discussion may involve the same users (with minimal outside input). With regard to ArbCom, it is mostly a place where conduct disputes are supposed to be resolved. However, in this situation, there is no formal reasons for accusation in misbehaviour: the users may advocate the viewpoint that is supported by reliable sources, they participate in content dispute (and do that in polite manner), RfCs etc. The problem is that the policy says nothing about the threshold of inclusion of some viewpoint as the mainstream one, and about the sanctions for violation of this policy (similar to WP:3RR).--Paul Siebert (talk) 03:54, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* No Paul I meant WP:RSN. If the sources are "the subject of serious criticism" (they are therefore not the most reliable) then WP:RSN is the venue. What you are proposing is not a neutral point of view issue in fact - the best quality (ie most reliable) sources should used to write articles. And yes I meant ArbCom because if ppl are excluding material they dislike (and vice versa) then they are pov-pushing and if this pov-pushing is so complex or divise (and can't be resolve by WP:DR) then ArbCom is the other venue-- Cailil talk 20:08, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* I am not sure I agree with you. Sometimes, we have a situation when a source A is being widely cited by some authors and is being equally widely criticised (that is typical for history articles, etc). Obviously, if a source is a scholarly article or university book, it cannot be treated as unreliable (it has all formal trait of a reliable secondary source). However, taking into account the criticism, it does not express some universally accepted opinion. In other words, the RSN conclusion will be "yes it is reliable". However, the NPOVN conclusion should be "it cannot be used as a support for a statement of some fact, just for an assertion made by its authors".
* Regarding ArbCom, do you mean that the situation when some users resist against removal of some statement that has been directly contested by some reliable source(s) is a reason to address directly to ArbCom?--Paul Siebert (talk) 02:28, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
* I think Paul that you're missing my point. If sources are seriously criticized (ie that they are so flawed as to be discreditted) then they aren't reliable - they're fringe and can't be given equal validity to the mainstream (but vice versa if the criticism is fringe it won't discredit the sources). If ppl are pushing for the inclusion of seriously contested material (ie fringe) as fact in a way that would fool 50% of good faith wikipedians reviewing the situation at RFC then the aforementioned ppl may be involved in a form of complex vandalism that usually isn't resolvable via the drive-by discussions at ANi and AN. It would require expert input and detailed analysis of sources vs edits. ArbCom is really the only venue for that level of resolution (and although they do nominally have the power to do this I've never seen it used). Now, if you're asserting that there are sources which some scholars contest (or have corrected or departed from) that are being presented as fact by some editors then Template:Expert might help. Otherwise I would suggest that existing policy actually covers this under WP:WEIGHT & WP:YESPOV. Opinions, arguments and some analysis of data (if it is disputed) should be attributed not stated as fact-- Cailil talk 02:54, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
* I am not sure I am missing your point. Not all fringe sources are unreliable. Sometimes, reliability is determined by purely formal criteria: thus, all books published by Harvard University Press or articles published by the Wall Street Journal fit our reliable sources criteria . However, I frequently encounter a situation when such sources become a subject of serious criticism from established scholars. This situation cannot be resolved per WP:V policy, and YESPOV can be implemented only if both parties are good faith users. However, I see no mechanism that would allow me to force a civil POV-pusher to follow NPOV in the absence of external input. Your explanation about ArbCom simply confirms my doubts.--Paul Siebert (talk) 05:58, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
* "YESPOV can be implemented only if both parties are good faith users" - that's why I mention ArbCom Paul. Wikipedia assumes good faith - we don't legislate for hypothetical bad behaviour, we stop it when we find it. WP isn't perfect & the community is well known for not being able to deal with such issues due to the consensus based approach to collaborative writing & due to the non-hierarchical position of sysops. In short this isn't an NPOV issue if you're talking about ppl acting in bad faith. No policy mechanism will help without "external input" in that situation & in my experience there's no magic bullet for POV vandals-- Cailil talk 18:13, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
* I think, it is not a good idea to resort to arbitration is every case. As I already explained, the situation that I described below reproduces repeatedly in many articles. Therefore, although I don't believe that improvement of the policy is able to eliminate such excesses completely, however, it may make help good faith users to deal with POV-pushers. --Paul Siebert (talk) 18:43, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
* And since you have "seriously contested" the existence of the article in question, and every reliable source therein, I fear your post here may be seen as a disingenous argument. NPOV says if you do not like a reliable source, you do not simply say it is not "mainstream" unless you provide reliable sources making that claim - it is not a matter of "proof by terated assertion" which counts. If you have sources actually saying that most of those who died under Communoist regimes died because they "opposed agrarian reform" (i.e. they deserved death) then it is up to you to provide such claims explicitly made by other reliable sources. It is not up to others to "prove" that the reliable sources used in the article are "mainstream" unless you provide reliable sources asserting otherwise. Note also that simply asserting that everyone cited is "fringe" is not how Wikipedia works. Cheers. Collect (talk) 04:18, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* You probably missed the point. I am discussing a very simple situation:
* A group of users introduced some assertion, found in a reliable source, as a fact.
* An evidences have been presented on the article's talk page that this assertion has been contested by several reliable sources; based on that, it has been requested that the statement to be changed to comply with neutrality policy.
* Nevertheless, the above mentioned users refuse to agree on that merely because they believe the source they used is "mainstream". The attempts to resolve this situation are being blocked because of "the lack of consensus"..
* In my opinion, there is a hole in our policy, because it provides no explanation on how this situation should be resolved.--Paul Siebert (talk) 04:45, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* I think policy can cover it. Certain editors have been allowed to slide on their mere declaration that a source is mainstream. I think a thorough examination of that fine point could solve a lot of problems. BigK HeX (talk) 08:28, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
What we write in an article depends on many factors, such as (1) How many reliable sources are there (2) Who are the reliable sources. That determines whether we can state a bold-faced fact eg. (a) the Moon is made of blue cheese, or whether we have to attribute the fact, eg. (b) some Mexican Indians believe that the Moon is made of cheese, We may well have reliable source supporting two sides of an argument, eg. sources supporting phlogiston, and of course, those that do not. Policy should be flexible enough to (a) take these views into account (b) allow editors to assess sources, (c) allows editors to decide how sources are described and attributed. A single reliable source does not make decide the truth (and that's a fact) --Iantresman (talk) 09:04, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* In my opinion, it is the name of the policy "NPOV" that is the problem, as it is misunderstood my many people, and leads to much confusion with representing "points of view". In practice, we're asking editors to write articles without "spinning" the facts, ie without editorial bias. --Iantresman (talk) 09:15, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* More than a score of relaible sources take the position that "excess deaths" occurred. No mainstream source has been presented that they did not occur. Rather, we have an editor asserting that any editor by "contesting" a claim can have it removed from an article regardless of the sources used. One editor ecven stated ,
* Our policy is quite clear: if some assertion has been seriously contested, it cannot be presented as a fact, and that is non-negotiable. No reference to consensus, or even to some admin's decision can overrule this requirement of our policy. The only argument that you can provide in support of your POV is the reliable mainstream sources that directly, explicitly and persuasively debunk the criticism of the BB (i.e. the sources provided by me). Your failure to do so will mean that you are acting in a violation of our basic content policy, and, since I have already explained your mistake to you, you are acting 'knowingly'
* Claiming that I knowingly am violating his understanding of NPOV - which seems to be that if he says that a claim is false, that it mut be removed. He has not provided any real sources that deny the "excess deaths" but he did provide one source which basically said that people who oppose agrarian reform cause their own deaths. Alas - that does not seem to be a "mainstream" view by a few miles. What I have repeatedly suggested is that he find reliable sources for his claims (which include "excess lives" as one of his claims!
* PS Frankly speaking, your statement: ""Contested assertions" does not refer to editors "contesting" claims" is somewhat insulting. I believe I provided a sufficient amount of reliable sources that directly contest your BB to be immune from such ridiculous claims. Do you really read and understand my posts?
* Has only one problem - he has not actually provided such sources, only his assertions that the claims are "contentious" but zero mainstream sources denying the "excess deaths". Cheers. Collect (talk) 13:09, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* The problem is not about denying the excess deaths (no one denies the obvious fact there were some), the problem is about the total number of the excess deaths and their relation to 'mass killings'.
* Here the evidence was presented that Werth and Margolin (the co-authors of the author who provided the contested "mainstream" figures), Stanley Hoffmann and Michael Ellman criticize the very aaproach of using the large total figures and manipulating with them. These are top mainstream authors highly relevant to the subject, and disregarding their point of view is against NPOV.
* A really disturbing thing is that some editors in the related discussion and now here as well try to equate excess deaths and mass killings, the two different things as anyone can see from this definition. Equating these two things is not only marginal, but simply erroneous and unscientific from the point of view of demographics and statistics. Considering the views based on this erroneous equation as "mainstream" is contrary to any logic and common sense. No wonder that even the co-authors of the author in question disagreed with the approach.
* And now I must repeat Paul's question: what should we do if a group of users opposes to change of the content under a pretext that the content is properly sourced, and totally ignores the fact that the sources they use are the subject of serious criticism, thus engaging in non-neutral POV-pushing and supporting a highly controversial manipulation with statistical data? Grey Hood Talk 14:50, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* The pretext as it is quaintly misascribed happens to be fundamental Wikipedia policy which is not negotiable. Over and over and around Robin Hood's barn this goes - and the fact of the policy is not what some aver it is ... we need competing POVs from reliable sources not just that some editors assert that they as editors "contest" the claims which are not controverted in the body of the article. We rely on what the reliable sources state, not on what any editor "knows" to be the "truth." Cheers - but I suspect (fear?) there will be another 20 or so laps around that famous barn. Collect (talk) 15:09, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* BTW, look at some of what Ellman says explicitly
* In accordance with a list of incurable conditions, approved by the head of the Gulag, people were to be freed if they suffered from ‘emaciation as a result of avitaminosis’ (this was a bureaucratic expression for starvation), ‘alimentary distrophy’ (this was another bureaucratic expression for starvation), leukaemia, malignant anaemia, decompressed tuberculosis of the lungs, open bacilliary tuberculosis of the lungs, acute amphysemna of the lungs etc. As Isupov sensibly notes, ‘In other words, the prisoners were released to die’.
* On the basis of the demographic data for the 1930s it seems that there were about 10 million excess deaths in 1926–39.
* The unexpected finding about the high rate of releases automatically means that the total number of people in the system at one time or another was much higher, relative to the stock of prisoners at any one time, than previously thought. The newly available numbers on the flow are truly enormous. Moreover, as Conquest sensibly noted, they are of a similar order of magnitude to older ‘high’ estimates of the total number sentenced in the Stalinist era.
* Some backing for a claim that deaths are "overstated." And noting that his paper is on the Gulag deaths specifically, not on other reasons for deaths (such as the Holodomor). In fact he states that it a legitimate issue as to whether Stalin made specific decisions which greatly increased deaths in the Ukraine, and poses the difference between murder and manslaughter as the key issue. So Ellman absolutely does nothing to renounce Courtois as RS for estimate ranges at all. Thanks - one more RS for the estimates currently in the article, and an example of using a claim that he says something he does not say debunked. Cheers. Collect (talk) 15:32, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* Just another example how you work with sources and how you ignore the citations and references provided by other editors. Ellman is against using the poorly defined totals, he suggests concentrating on sub-totals, as cited here. And you use his view on just one of the subtotals to support the totals. Wow. I though you are just ignoring the citations provided by your opponents, but now I'm not sure if you actually read them.
* And you again ignore the fact that high estimates of excess deaths is not a proof for high estimates of mass killings. By the way a mainstream article in Russian, by Denisenko, 2008, published by the Moscow State University (pp. 106-142), discusses the Soviet demographics in the late 1920s and in the 1930s, and on pp. 115-116 contains an interesting table of estimates of demographic losses before opening of archives and after. The modern estimates for excess deaths were significantly downgraded after archives were opened, and these new estimates for the 1927-1938 (or 1927-36, 1927-41) period are in the range of 6,6-9 million, for all categories of excess deaths. It seems like Ellman and Cortois just used the outdated estimates for their totals or subtotals, not the new archival data. And there is an established scholarly consensus on some of those subtotals, like Gulag mortality, which is many times lower than 10 million.
* Making a summary:
* You continue to ignore the presented criticism to the approach of using ill-defined totals.
* You try to present the evidence for excess deaths as if for mass killings (the article is called Mass killings under communist regimes, not Excess deaths under communist regimes, isn't it).
* Your try to present the evidence for sub-totals as evidence for totals, which is OR and which is not taking into account the criticism mentioned above.
* Your evidence for sub-totals is controversial and likely outdated.
* Conclusion: failure of NPOV, manipulation with terminology, original research. Grey Hood Talk 17:15, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* I only quoted Ellman. That you "know" something he did not write is not actually a valid reason for inserting your opinioon nto any article at all. Cheers. Collect (talk) 17:33, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* There is a link to a section of the talk page with a very prominent and easily findable quote from Ellman in two my posts here. I can post it right into this discussion, but seems like you will ignore it even in that case. And please, no need to bold something in every your comment, especially the short ones. Grey Hood Talk 18:24, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* Your continuous ignoring of the reliable sources presented in the link above, and trying to misrepresent situation as if just some editors, and not the scientific authors, criticize the position you support, is not really nice. Please either prove that these authors are not RS, or that their criticisms were rebutted or seriously criticized. Also, please, explain your position about equating excess deaths and mass killings and show how could it be mainstream. Grey Hood Talk 15:24, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
I am not sure that the discussion of some concrete article belongs to this talk page. It should be moved either to WP:NPOVN or to the article's talk page. My question was much more general: I have a feeling that there are many articles in Wikipedia that are the subject of interest of just few users. In this situation, a relative majority of the users may decide to ignore some sources and present some statement as facts (despite justified objections of others). Since such articles are not a subject to interest of broad WP community, going to appropriate noticeboards have almost zero effect. As a result, it is quite possible to create (and maintain) totally biased articles of that type. I see no tools in our neutrality policy that would allow good faith users to fix such a situation.--Paul Siebert (talk) 16:29, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* I seem to recall that you have certainly espoused your own POV on the article talk page a great deal. If there were any argument as to any editor seeking to dominate a talk page, I suggest that the results would be interesting. I would, moreover, comment to those reading here that they wuld find the oft-repeated AfDs of interest. Cheers. `Collect (talk)
* That is not a question of domination: I see no problem in someone's domination, provided, but only provided, that such domination is based on what non-fringe reliable sources say. Therefore, your ad hominem argument is totally senseless. The mention of AfD is totally obscure for me: what did you want to say by that?--Paul Siebert (talk) 17:48, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* @Paul Siebert, I can certainly attest to the fact that there are plenty of articles, that have low traffic. NPOV can be a nightmare on these ... oddly, in my experience it has been libertarian and anti-communist themed Wiki articles. BigK HeX (talk) 19:45, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
This touches on the three gigantic gaping holes in this policy:
Sincerely, North8000 (talk) 20:12, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* Wp:undue is perhaps one of the most important concepts in Wikipedia, yet it is completely toothless because the supposed method of resolving wp:undue arguments is, as a practical matter, absolutely unusable. I mean, have you EVER seen a non-landslide dispute in this area actually settled by determining preponderance in/of sources?
* 1) It is structured for a dispute on statements in the content of-question. Most POV wars are not of this nature. They are on topics where there is a real world conflict, and each side wants to put in material for effect, where there is no dispute on the statements in the inserted material. For example, if you don't like politician X, you will put in that his third cousin is a child molester. If you like Politician X, you will put in that his other third cousin runs a shelter for the homeless. Neither item is really about the subject of the article. The facts of each are not contested so wp:npov as currently written does not kick in except for the near impossible route of getting the irrelevant material removed as wp:undue.
* 2) Lack of any provision for taking directness-of-relevance into consideration when dealing with wp:undue situations. This would help both of the above.
* Relevance is easily challenged on decently-trafficked pages. (One shouldn't confuse a lack of procedure for challenging material with one's past difficulty in mounting successful challenges.) BigK HeX (talk) 20:40, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* I don't agree. There is no provision for degree of relevance in guidelines or policies for that challenge. Persons can claim that "some connection to" 100% satisfies that question. North8000 (talk) 10:15, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
* Yes. There IS a provision. Every step of dispute resolution is sufficient to deal with issues of relevance on article such as Tea Party Movement. You simply don't like the general consensus that did arise. BigK HeX (talk) 15:44, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* @ North8000 Whereas I mostly agree with what you say, I am talking about much more concrete situation, which repeats in many articles:
* Let's consider some article, devoted to, e.g., some revolutionary organisation "X", where just 4 users are active. Three of them (users A, B, C) support one POV, for instance, that "X" was a terrorist organisation. They found three books where authored by Adams, Birch and Cahalan, accordingly, and add the following text to the first sentence of the lede of the article: "X is a terrorist organisation that blah-blah-blah"
* A user Z provides the source (Zimmerman) that explicitly criticise the viewpoint of Adams, and question the validity of the Birch's book as whole(Yamamoto), and question the statement that organisations like X can be considered as terrorists (Xavier). Based on that, the user Z proposes to remove the above mentioned statement from the lede and, instead of that, to add the following statement into the article's body: "According to several authors, X is a terrorist organisation, however, this views have been contested by others scholars. According to Xavier, X cannot be considered as terrorists."
* Obviously, such a step would be in full accordance with our neutrality policy. However, the users A,B, and C reject this proposal, because the statements in the lede is properly sourced.
* Any attempts to resolve this issue via NPOVN fail because of minimal external input (no other users except these four express interest in this subject). RfCs fail accordingly. Admins have no right to interfere into this dispute which, at the first glance, has all traits of a content dispute.
* As a result, the article appears to be frozen in a totally biased state, because even addition of Zimmerman, Yamamoto and Xavier to the main article does not change the situation: the assertion of first three authors, placed into the opening lede's statement looks like a statement of the fact, whereas the opinions of Zimmerman, Yamamoto and Xavier, buried in the article's body, looks like a minority views of few authors. I know many examples of such situation in WP, and I am pretty sure my list is incomplete.--Paul Siebert (talk)
* I wholeheartedly agree that POV problems can persist intractably in low-traffic articles. A special procedure may be needed for articles of that type. An effective solution might even need to go so far as to have certain articles designated as "low-traffic/high-conflict articles" for X number of months and put one of those Wiki-wide announcement links at the top of editors' browsers when an RfC is proposed for these articles. BigK HeX (talk) 22:01, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* In the given example (as in the real situation), WP:LEAD is relevant. The lead should be including any prominent controversies. Controversy means that several major views on the subject exist, and apparently they all should be presented. Significant information should not appear in the lead if it is not covered in the remainder of the article. If the body of the article lists several significant views on whether X is a terrorist group, than the lead should also list several views, otherwise the lead would contain information which is contested by the body. Even more obvious situation we have with MKuCR: the lead contains total figures which are not covered in the remainder of the article. Therefore these figures should be removed; if we insert them into the article, than criticism of those figures should go there as well, and since the point is controversial, it should go to the lede only by presenting all significant views on the problem there. Grey Hood Talk 22:42, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* Overall, in my experience, sometimes NPOV problems could be solved by applying different policies instead of NPOV or along with NPOV. Grey Hood Talk 22:42, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
* Responding to Paul, you gave an example that covered several aspects / topics at once so it is hard to know which aspect you are referring to as the core issue. Position/prominence in the article? Method of covering the two POV's? That a plurality can prevent proper handling of the article?
* Your #3 comes from a common (accidental or deliberate) misreading of wp:ver which is to say that scouring is per se a force for inclusion rather than a condition for inclusion. The current proposal under RFC at wp:ver helps a bit in this area. But if this case is really a matter of conflict between two non-fringe points of view, then wp:npov balancing would kick in in this case.
* I believe that your main point may be that a plurality of one POV at a low traffic article can prevent proper handling. I think that you are certainly right there. And the plurality can be achieve by getting the editors with the opposite view throw up their hands in frustration and leave the article. My own belief is that improvements and policies and guidelines is the best way to help this situation. Especially making it harder to mis-quote and mis-use current policies and guidelines, make it harder to gain by wikilawyering alone, and to fill in some gapign holes. North8000 (talk) 10:36, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
* Agreed. Which concrete improvements of the policy and guidelines should be made, in your opinion?--Paul Siebert (talk) 19:16, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
* Well I shot my mouth off too early and you called my bluff. I had been working on something regarding this at an essay but it's still a general regarding proposed fixes. But here goes anyway:
WP:NPOV core issue analysis and suggestions
(Per question a few lines up) North8000 (talk) 14:28, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
Wikipedia articles on contentious topics generally remain in a permanent state of conflict and instability. WP:npov is not currently sufficient to significantly resolve these. Certain fixes would require changes in other policies, especially source and sourcing criteria. But others can be helped by improvements in wp:npov:
Wp:npov needs text pointing out the most frequent forms of POV'ing
The most frequent forms of POV'ing slips "under the radar" of wp:npov, i.e. it gives little direction or guidance for those areas. Partial solution: Include something like the below in NPOV. Merely recognizing, understanding and spotlighting these other forms of pov'ing will help the situation.
A common assumption is that most POV questions on articles arise where there are conflicting viewpoints on a particular question, or point made in the article. This is mistaken; a minority of pov issues are of this type. Here are three more types, with an example of each:
* Selection of particular angles to cover. It matters not that the coverage of that particular angle is objective or balanced, the selection itself tilts the article.
* Example, if there is a move to cut government programs and taxes, choosing to objectively cover a case where someone would be hurt by a program cut tilts the article one way, choosing to objectively cover a case of a person hurt by high taxes tilts the article the other way. So it matters not that the coverage of the particular angle is balanced; the choice of the angle to cover creates the imbalance.
* Quantity of content The quantity of content on positive vs negative topics regarding an organization tilts the article one way or the other. Note that this is true even if the coverage of those chosen topics is unbiased.
* Insertion (association by mere presence in the same paragraph or article) of powerful material
* Example: "Priest John Smith said that he is a homosexual. Smith critics noted that the XYZ study concluded that allegations of homosexual child molestation by priests is 9 times more common than allegations of heterosexual child by priests."
* Even though the second sentence provides no info about or even any accusation of John Smith, the presence of child molestation information in the John Smith article implants the association in the mind of the reader. Currently the only defense against this a weak one under wp:nor, basically saying that the juxtaposition of the two items is synthesis, or the weaker on of trying to use the toothless wp:undue.
One of the two biggest holes in wp:npov
The biggest hole in wp:npov is that it basically only addresses cases where the material espouses opposing viewpoints on a particular topic. Material which is put in for effect but which does not espouse a viewpoint slips under the wp:npov radar. The only section that slightly addresses the latter is wp:undue, and, as written, it is ineffective in this area.
The other of the two biggest holes in wp:nopv
This that wp:undue is basically toothless in disputes because its main guideline for implementation (preponderance in sources) is really not practically usable. One solution would be to incorporate other metrics into the guideline. The objectivity and knowledgeably of the sources with respect to the topic should be added to the raw preponderance criteria. Also, include directness--of-relevance as a criteria to be taken into consideration.
Adding relevancy guidance would substantially increase Wp:npov's effectiveness
Wp:undue does not provide sufficient guidance to resolve contentious articles and generally fails on these. Adding relevancy into its guidance tools would help this situation. One place to start would be to say that when there is a dispute, one condition for inclusion of material is that it be directly ABOUT (not just be related to) the subject of the article.
Exploration of situations that would benefit from this
WP:npov seems best designed only for the classic POV case, where there is a statement which purports to be objective fact in dispute. But the far more common case is where POV warriors seek to leave an impression on the reader via the quantity and nature of content which leaves the desired impression. This may be:
* On the topic of the article, or
* Where the POV promoter inserts material into the article to further a POV on a different topic.
An example of the "on the topic" type would be if Rush Limbaugh announced that Barack Obama is the worst president in the last 100 years, and many newspapers reported (simply) that he made this announcement. And then an editor puts a section on this into the general Barack Obama article. Technically, the editor is not inserting/citing/having to argue the "worst president in 100 years" statement, they are just saying that Limbaugh said this. They just want the very real impact and impression of the presence of "worst president" type words in the article. A second example is that if John Smith, a person who is a second cousin of Obama is convicted of child molesting, and the conviction is covered by several newspapers in a matter-of-fact manner. And an editor places a section into the general Obama article regarding that topic. They make no other argument that needs defending, they just want the impact of child molestation related material in the Obama article and it's juxtaposition with Obama material. Most would say that these should not be in the article. And, if there were a large amount of such material in the article, most would (intuitively) say that such POV's the article. But policies and guidelines provide little guidance regarding this. The sourcing is not only on wp:solid ground, the coverage really can't be questioned, as it was matter-of-fact regarding these matters. Ditto for the "objectivity" of the text put into the article, it is simply matter of fact overage of Limbaugh's statement and the 2nd cousin's conviction.
Probably the policy/guideline most looked at for guidance on this would be wp:undue. But it is oriented towards covering opposing views on a particular statement. In these cases, the "statements" are just what was said in the speech, and the facts of the conviction. It gives guidance only on coverages of two sides of an issue. But there is no debated "issue" in this material, as it is a statement of facts regarding what Limbaugh said and of the conviction and of the relation of the child molester to Obama. Beyond that, wp:npov says what can be interpreted as "must include" for these statements.
Solution
For contentious inclusions, create a standard that the material must be directly about the subject of the article. Not just related to, but directly about. Under this analysis, the coverage of Limbaugh's speech is most directly about Limbaugh's speech, not Obama. And the child molesting material is most directly about John Smith, not Obama.
Wp:npov needs to include more guidance on section titles
Section titles tilt this inclusion of information in an article. They influence the article to include a greater amount of material defined by the title. Example: John Smith kicked a dog once, a long time ago, and also runs an animal shelter. In the John Smith article an editor creates a "Controversies" section. This tilts the article towards inclusion of a greater amount of negative material on John Smith. It might tend to give a section on the dog-kicking incident legitimacy for inclusion which it might not have otherwise had. And it could be used to prevent another editor from including the dog sheltering material to provide balance on the topic of Smith's treatment of animals. The removing editor can say that the dog sheltering material was removed because it is "not a controversy".
Solution
For contentious situations, section headings may be created only for material that could pass the wp:undue test for inclusion in the article without the section heading. Further, only material that can remain in the article without having it's suitability "propped up" by a section heading remains. Basically, this means that material must "stand on its own two feet" regarding justification, without such being "propped up" by the section title.
North8000 (talk) 11:59, 23 November 2011 (UTC)
Discussion
Agree that the identified holes in the policy are serious issues. The proposed solution sounds good. It seems to be related to WP:SYNTHESIS policy. Grey Hood Talk 19:09, 23 November 2011 (UTC)
Whereas all what you write is correct (or almost correct), I think the most serious problem not in the policy but in the ways it is being implemented. Firstly, the policy states that the principles it is based upon cannot be superseded by other policies or guidelines, or by editors' consensus. However, it is unclear for me how can it be implemented in actuality. Let's consider your first example. A group of users (A, B, C) added the words: "Smith critics noted that the XYZ study concluded that allegations of homosexual child molestation by priests is 9 times more common than allegations of heterosexual child by priests." after the sentence "Priest John Smith said that he is a homosexual." A user D objected against that citing the policy standard that the material must be directly about the subject of the article (let's assume for a moment that your proposal has been added to the policy). Of course, had the users A, B, and C been good faith users, they would accept this argument. However, if they decided to object (for instance, citing WP:V), the added text will stay, because there was no consensus for removal of properly sourced material. Obviously, the attempt to directly remove this text will fail due to 3RR, and an appeal to admins will (the most probably) lead just to an advise to start an RfC. However, what if no other users express interest to the article about Smith? The change will stay, because the result of RfC will be "no consensus for removal". The events may develop differently. Some admin may interfere and revert the change. However, the users A, B, and C may object pretending that that is just a content dispute, and admins cannot use administrative tools to interfere into content disputes. As a result, the current policy clause "The principles upon which this policy is based cannot be superseded by other policies or guidelines, or by editors' consensus" appears to be toothless against civil POV pushers in low traffic articles. I do not see how your above proposal resolves this issue. I have other comments, but I suggest to finish with this one first.--Paul Siebert (talk) 04:07, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* Unfortunately the same contention can be made where there is, in fact, a relationship, however, because two words were not used together in a particular way and formally defined as such (even though widely used and there is no doubt regarding the two words and what they mean), then they do not apply and should be deleted; A, B, C contending the obvious, and D contending otherwise, and attacking A, B, and C of conducting editing in bad faith, and heaping on false charges of synthesis. In my experience there are as many actual civil POV pushers as there are accusers of editors as POV pushers who are themselves civil POV pushers (in addition to the first population of civil POV pushers).
* As it can even be debated what constitutes a reputable source, there is no manner of policy which achieves elimination of POV pushing. As long as WP is the most widely returned source on internet search engines, it will be constantly assaulted by POV pushers. P ЄTЄRS J V ►TALK 04:23, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* You are absolutely right, Peters. The only thing that I can add to that is that, since majority of WP users are good faith users, a situation when users A, B, and C are good faith users and a user D is not is more frequent. It can be resolved relatively easily, because three users as a rule, prevail over one in most disputes. By contrast, a situation when a group of civil POV pushers dominates over some small traffic article is less frequent. Unfortunately, I do not see the tools in current NPOV policy that allows us to resolve this situation. Ideally, it would be desirable if our policy contained some clauses that allowed to even a single user, who edits based on top quality secondary sources and in accordance with NPOV, to prevail over any number of POV pushers.--Paul Siebert (talk) 04:36, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* The fundamental issue is that whether or not something is indeed so is immaterial, it is only what sources state that counts. As there are sources which will state just about anything, editors can easily find sources which espouse their viewpoint; at that point, what we have is reductio ad opinionem (there are no facts, only opinions), all opinions being equally valid as their factual basis is inadmissible per WP policy. WP:NPOV is then invoked to insert opinions which are not factual, since it's all just "opinion" in an area of contention, and all "opinions" deserve equal treatment according to WP:NPOV. If one editor contends A according to X and another contends B according to Y, WP:NPOV is a "balance" of the two regardless of factual circumstances of A and B. P ЄTЄRS J V ►TALK 04:49, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* Your trumping also poses issues, as there is still plenty of room between what a source states and editorial representation. There are certainly cases where I believe it is better to resign ourselves to no quick solutions than attempt to policify ourselves into a premature resolution of an editorial conflict. P ЄTЄRS J V ►TALK
* You seem to mix editorial conflict with a conflict with civil POV pushers in a situation when they form a majority. Consider a following example:
* Users A,B, and C added the statement: "Smith critics noted that the XYZ study concluded that allegations of homosexual child molestation by priests is 9 times more common than allegations of heterosexual child by priests.2" after the sentence "Priest John Smith said that he is a homosexual.1"
* User D argued that neither of cited sources (neither 1 nor 2) wrote anything about child molestation by Smith, so this addition fails WP:SYNTH: the text implies something (a connection between Smith and child molestation) that is not present in neither of two sources.
* However, if A-C are POV-pushers, they may argue that both statements are properly cited, and the text correctly transmits what the sources say. I see no tools to remove this non-neutral synthesis without external output (which may not necessarily follow).--Paul Siebert (talk) 05:03, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* I think that the two closest current tools for this situation are wp:undue (i.e. argue that the child molestation material is undue weight in that particular article) and wp:synth (i.e. argue that the juxtaposition implies a linkage, and that linkage is synthesis) and that the argument for both is ethereal enough in that situation that anyone could prevent either from being invoked. Hence comment that they are "toothless" in these situations and my suggestion to say that contested-insertion statements should be about (not just related to) the subject of the article in order to remain. And my second (vaguer) suggestion is to merely point out that putting material in for impression, even when the statements in the inserted material are not contested is a form of POV'ing. I think that even the smaller/vaguer step of merely noting/acknowledging this would tend to make some conversations go better. North8000 (talk) 15:24, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* I strongly disagree that WP:UNDUE is "toothless". On articles with decent traffic, policy works just fine ... that includes Tea Party Movement. If a particular person's past arguments have been toothless, I don't think that is a reflection on policy.
* There are article that can garner almost zero opinions outside of some core of a dozen editors. Current policy seems unable to deal with conflicts with these. But, that is a separate topic from WP:UNDUE being toothless. BigK HeX (talk) 15:41, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* @ North8000 . As I already wrote, I fully agree with both your suggestions. --Paul Siebert (talk) 15:47, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* @ BigK HeX.'' We do not speak about the articles with decent traffic. These problems are typical for contentious low traffic articles, where bare majority can create and maintain any biased content.--Paul Siebert (talk) 15:47, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
I see the problem as follows. For low traffic articles where some group of POV-pushers acting in concert is active, there is no ways to resolve neutrality issues: if the POV-pushers constitute a majority on the talk page, any decision meet formal WP:CONSENSUS criteria (I assume POV-pushers are civil); RfC, due to minimal or zero external input cannot resolve this situation; NPOVN is also ineffective, because usually the discussion there involves same users. And, more importantly, no administrative actions can be taken in this case, because immediately after starting the analysis of content for neutrality the admins become a party of the dispute. Therefore, the tools are needed that would allow admins to analyse arguments put forward during the the neutrality disputes without becoming a party of it. A possible solution may be as follows. When some user expresses a concern about neutrality of some article's statement (for example, an undue weight has been given to some non-mainstream source) he is supposed to provide a reliable non-fringe secondary source that explicitly criticizes this particular source for errors, revisionism, or for the tendency to tendency to overreach and overstate his case. As soon as such a source has been provided, the article's statement should be deemed non-neutral, and needs to be changed accordingly. To prevent the change of the content, its advocates must present well sourced refutation of the source that criticize the content they defend. Failure to provide such a refutation automatically means that the disputed content must be modified.--Paul Siebert (talk) 16:04, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* RE: "We do not speak about the articles with decent traffic.".
* I can assure you that North8000's problems are not regarding articles with low traffic. If your agreement is strictly limited to low-traffic articles, then you probably should edit your posts to be explicit. People could get very easily confused on that point, if North8000 is being general and other editors are thinking of some completely other context for North8000's solutions. <i style="text-shadow:0.15em 0.15em 0.1em #555"> BigK HeX (talk)</i> 16:20, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
My comment and suggestions are more about the structural dichotomy that exists. If, in the top level Obama article you want to write that "Obama is a bad president" (i.e. the statement of the insertion is disputed) then wp:npov in all of it's intended glory kicks in. If, in that top level article, you want to to put an uncontested but irrelevant fact in (Omama's third cousin is a convicted child molester) for negative effect, then npov is silent on the issue because the statement of the insertion is not contested. North8000 (talk) 17:48, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* WP:SYNTH says: "Do not combine material from multiple sources to reach or imply a conclusion not explicitly stated by any of the sources." Since information about Omama's third cousin implies some connection between Obama and child molestation (we assume that the source about Omama's third cousin does not contain such claims), such a statement fails the SYNTH test, and will be quickly removed. The problem may appear only when the Obama article is being edited by few users, and significant part of them share (and push) the same POV.--Paul Siebert (talk) 18:01, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* I think that it would take only a 1-2 people to stop that removal. The opening shots would probably be along the lines of "please stop removing sourced material", or "please stop your POV war of trying to censor everything negative related to Obama from the article, haven't you ever read wp:npov?". Or, "No conclusion was implied, this is just a statement of fact about what his third cousin did.". Or "if you have a RS that says that his third cousin is not a convicted child molester, please feel free to add it." Hence my thought that wp:synth is weak/difficult to make stick in a case like this. North8000 (talk) 18:20, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* Re "please stop removing sourced material", I totally agree: such an argument is quite common during POV disputes. I think it is desirable to add special clauses to policy that explicitly prohibit references to WP:V during neutrality disputes. For example, to specify in the policy that the users that close NPOV-related RfCs must disregard all arguments citing WP:V in support of non-neutral texts.--Paul Siebert (talk) 21:07, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* RE: "I think that it would take only a 1-2 people to stop that removal."
* Such problems are EASILY cleared up by the current dispute resolution mechanisms in articles that attract outside attention. Current policy is fine (WRT to non "low traffic" articles), IMO. At the very most, one or two RfC's ends the debate (though some editors may be loathe to accept the concluding consensus). <i style="text-shadow:0.15em 0.15em 0.1em #555"> BigK HeX (talk)</i> 21:18, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* BigK, I disagree. Just about every article representing a real world conflict/clash is an abysmal failure. This is one area where Wikipedia doesn't work. They are messes consisting of the result of a whole lot of battles of trying to get in our keep out material that sounds good for one side or the other. And all are eternally unstable; the only exceptions (the only stable ones) have "stability" from one POV side dominating. North8000 (talk) 21:37, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* That seems to defy the facts. I am pretty sure the Obama article is the hottest US political topic on Wikipedia, and it reads just fine. Just because you don't like the results of the dispute resolutions at Tea Party Movement, that doesn't mean the article is anything resembling the "mess" you perennially post about. We certainly don't need any policy changes to address your issues with that article. <i style="text-shadow:0.15em 0.15em 0.1em #555"> BigK HeX (talk)</i> 21:43, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* BigK, the TPM article is just one of the many many many places I learned from for the above, and I have been writing / working on the above since August 2010, predating all of your imagined reasons. And the only dispute resolution that occurred there I was very happy with. You are missing AGF by a mile with the erroneous things about me that you have been writing. Why not just engage in the discussion on a higher plane? North8000 (talk) 22:09, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* I don't need to imagine any reasons. YOU have made clear your disdain of the consensus reached for Tea Party Movement in nearly every venue you post in here. And my point here is simple -- just because you failed to gain consensus on articles like Tea Party Movement, that doesn't mean that policy needs to be changed. There is a HUGE difference between dispute resolution not going one's way after dozens of outside opinions are posted versus dispute resolution not giving any opinions or guidance to follow. None of this has anything to do with WP:AGF either. <i style="text-shadow:0.15em 0.15em 0.1em #555"> BigK HeX (talk)</i> 15:39, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
* That is soooooo far off of the actual situation there that it seems that you are talking about a different article. The only such process that occurred there was about a year ago and I supported the results. And your response avoided the two main points of my post, which is of course, your purview/choice. North8000 (talk)
* Paul Siebert, I agree. The one caveat is that I don't see a need to avoid citing the actual wp:ver (which says that verifiability is a condition for inclusion) just the imaginary wp:ver that says that verifiability is force for inclusion. North8000 (talk) 21:37, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* Well, if you agree, let's think how can we improve the policy. And, I suggest to focus on the low traffic articles first.--Paul Siebert (talk) 02:09, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
section break 1
* Sorry Paul can you please spell out what you mean by 'objectivity' of a source wrt WP:DUE. Specifically I'm concerned that your argument is falling into the "common misunderstanding of NPOV" that sources should be neutral? Also while you're correct about the relevance of a source this is adequately addressed by WP:V and WP:NOR (remember that this policy has to be read with the others - ie it's not a one stop shop): relevance of references is an original research issue not a NPOV one. I would suggest further that your points wrt 'Insertion' & 'Selection of particular angles to cover' are covered by WP:OR. I also disagree about the section titles issue etc as this is already covered in the MOS. I think your point re the 'material for effect' is good - however I'd suggest that WP:PEACOCK/WP:WEASEL, WP:DUE and WP:GEVAL should have this covered (one can't just drop a sentence into Obama's BLP recording that "Limbaugh says that Obama is the worst president in 100 years" it's not weighty enough). As regards your low traffic example of pov pushers acting in concert it seems to me that what you are detailing is a lack of enforcement rather than a problem with policy-- Cailil talk 03:18, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
* Dear Cailil, I never claimed the sources should be neutral. Neutrality is our internal criterion, and it is applied to the way the sources should be represented, not to the sources themselves. The sources may be reliable or not; reliable sources may be mainstream, significant minority or fringe. The term "neutrality" cannot be applied to none of them. That is why I never wrote about "common misunderstanding of NPOV" in this context. I wrote that the WP:V is being frequently cited during NPOV disputes, and the most common situation is when A argues that the statement X is not neutral, and B replies that the statement X is ok, because it is well sourced. Such arguments are not easy to refute in a situation when some NPOV-related RfC becomes flooded with numerous "keep as well sourced", and I do not understand how to fight against that: in my experience, RfC with numerous keeps (citing any policy) as a rule result in "keep", and non-neutral texts remain in the article. Of course, I mean the situation when we deal with a team of civil POV pushers, not ordinary users. That is why we need some more or less formal tools that would allow admins to resolve such problems without becoming involved in content disputes. I think, the simplest way would be to separate RfCs on subcategoies: NOR-related, V-related and NPOV-related. Accordingly, during NPOV-related RfC the arguments: "keep as well sourced", or "keep as containing no original research" should be dismissed by closing admins. Accordingly, the during NPOV-related talk page discussion the posts citing WP:V as a main argument in favour of some text should be dismissed, and should not be taken into account neither by the discussion participants nor by admins (in a case of AE complaints). That would help to make out policy less toothless. --Paul Siebert (talk) 05:20, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
* Re "you are detailing is a lack of enforcement rather than a problem with policy" In a situation when some dispute has long history, it is simply impossible for an uninvolved admin to adequately analyse a situation without more or less deep involvement into the essence of the dispute. However, after doing that he cannot be considered uninvolved any more. As a result, the admins prefer to look at the formal side of the dispute: if they see that both sides respond politely, provide sources in support of their views, cite policy, the most obvious conclusion is that they deal with a normal content dispute. To realise that a user, or a group of users repeatedly cites WP:V in support of their POV-charged edits, one has to deeply analyse the course of the dispute, and the admins simply are not allowed to do that. If you want concrete example, I can provide some.--Paul Siebert (talk) 05:27, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
* PS One more frequent argument from the POV-pushers is "we cannot judge about the sources, we just represent them fairly and accurately"....--Paul Siebert (talk) 06:54, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
* Good and central point. That statement in your quote covers both legit things and bogus things, which makes it a hydra to do battle with when it is said in a bogus context. With respect to conditions placed on inclusion of material, it is correct. With respect to saying that such is a force or magic bullet for inclusion, there you have the bogus meanings. North8000 (talk) 16:17, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
* "I mean the situation when we deal with a team of civil POV pushers, not ordinary users" Precisely my point above Paul - as you say sysops cannot become involved in content and then maintain decorum with sanctions - we aren't allowed to take sides. However there are higher powers that can. Like I said in the other thread if you're talking about ppl acting in bad faith this cannot be solved by trying to use policy as a magic bullet. Because these ppl are in fact ignoring the rules that we already have. As regards ignoring !votes sysops are supposed to do so but I take your point and have seen this at AFD when OR topics are saved by use of trivial mentions but that isn't an NPOV issue and IMHO those ppl weren't acting in bad faith - just an inclusionist philosophy. To be clear I'm not disagreeing with you that WP has a problem with WP:CPUSH - I've seen it - I just don't think that a) this is a NPOV issue, or b) that core policy needs adjustment to deal with it. IMHO this is an enforcement issue CPUSHers are using wikipedia to make a point, to push an agenda, to "change the world", or safeguard "the Truth™", or "publish the cutting edge of science" (before it's been widely accepted), or to "right the great wrongs of history". We already forbid all of this but this is wikipedia not citizendium it's hard takle these ppl and we expressly hope that they will reform themselves and come round to a collaborative and consensus based style of editing - it might be idealistic but this is the encyclopedia that anyone can edit-- Cailil talk 18:44, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
* You write "Like I said in the other thread if you're talking about ppl acting in bad faith this cannot be solved by trying to use policy as a magic bullet." I cannot fully agree with that. Remember, we are talking about civil POV pushers. A distinctive feature of such POV-pushers is that they use a policy as a tool. If some clauses of the policy appear to be repeatedly used by them to create and maintain non-neutral content, then, obviously, this policy should be modified to deprive them of this opportunity. Concretely, if WP:V is being repeatedly used in NPOV-related disputes, it seems logical to clarify this policy to explicitly request admins to disregard all arguments that are based primarily on WP:V. That would make both admins' and users' life easier.
* I propose no major adjustment of the core policy. However, the clause that prohibits the WP:V arguments during NPOV disputes (concretely: "the material is well sources and should stay") would be helpful.--Paul Siebert (talk) 19:01, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
There's the rub Paul - banning discussion of 1 core policy when discussing an issue ostensibly about another is a major change. The "three core policies jointly determine the type and quality of material that is acceptable". It's also something open to obvious abuse and frankly builds an assumption of bad faith into policy which is the opposite of what we do. When dealing with ppl acting in bad faith whether civilly or not changing core policy to 'combat' them is at the expense of its utility to the rest of the community. Sledgehammer's & nuts come to mind. Moving that Advocacy become policy as part of Category:Wikipedia behavioral guidelines would make more sense IMHO-- Cailil talk 14:17, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
* I think "bad faith" is too strong of a term for the very common practice of using policies & guidelines against their intent in order to further one's argument, especially when the current wording allows such to be easily done. This is something that everyday people (not just "bad faith") people do. The only ones who don't do it are the ones with the ability/experience to understand the intended uses, and a high-enough sense of purpose to follow that even when it works against their argument-of-the-moment. North8000 (talk) 14:54, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
* And yet that is what Paul is talking about: civil povpushing, tagteaming to advance a pov & wikilawyering - these are all acts of bad faith. Using "policies & guidelines against their intent" is bad faith to its very core. And TBH North8000 I disagree on 2 substantial points of your argument a) that this policy is confusing and ambiguous, and b) that ordinary users are en mass involved in deliberate abuse of policy to push their points of view. Ppl do often disagree about policy (this is an international project and ideas have different nuances across English speaking cultures not to mention to non-native speakers) but that's a world away from knowingly attemptig to circumvent the spirit of wider site policy through an abuse of "policies & guidelines against their intent in order to further one's argument" (ie wikilawyering)-- Cailil talk 15:19, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
@ Cailil. Your " banning discussion of 1 core policy when discussing an issue ostensibly about another is a major change" is much stronger statement than my initial proposal was. My proposal was quite concrete: "during the discussion of the neutrality of certain statement, the arguments that this statement should stay because it is properly sources should not be taken into account." That does not rule out the arguments such as "The criticism of this viewpoint found in the source X cannot be taken seriously because the source is unreliable" (or similar arguments), because it is impossible to consider each policy separately from each other. In other words, I never proposed total ban, I just proposed to ban a certain type of arguments that very frequently appears during the NPOV discussions and RfCs, and resort to the WP:V-type argument to prevail in a dispute that is obviously about WP:NPOV. --Paul Siebert (talk) 15:50, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
section break 2
* Comment: I believe that NPOV is flawed because (a) it is ambiguous (b) is mistakenly applied equally to general articles and to article specifically about minority views (c) editors mistaken believe that a point of view automatically fails NPOV. Example: Undue weight tells us that in "articles specifically about a minority viewpoint [..] the majority view should be explained in sufficient detail". However, the section on Giving "equal validity" tells us "Wikipedia policy does not state or imply that every minority view or extraordinary claim needs to be presented along with commonly accepted mainstream scholarship". Of course the latter is correct, why would we include details of a mainstream/majority view in ALL articles presenting the minority view, when all we need do is mention and link to it? Finally: we can always state a point of view neutrally using the appropriate language. For example, "the Moon is made of chesse" fails NPOV simple because it is misleading of the generally accept view. However, "Some Mexican folk tales believe the Moon is made of chesse" is a fact, and hence is NPOV, even though it could be interpreted a POV we may not agree with. It is the points of view that are negotiable, it is NPOV that isn't --Iantresman (talk) 17:00, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
* I tend to think structurally. I would consider "Some Mexican folk tales believe the Moon is made of cheese" to be a factual statement about the beliefs of those tales rather than a statement about the material of which the moon is made. Not that my comment has much relevance here. North8000 (talk) 18:03, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
* There appears to be a serious problem with articles about social sciences where, unlike natural sciences, there is substantial disagreement about most topics in mainstream sources and there are substantial popular books and articles written in non-academic publications. Many editors come to these articles with pre-formed opinions and Google search for sources to back up their claims. I believe the solution may be to tighten up rs requirements, following WP:MEDRS. TFD (talk) 05:57, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
* I guess that could involve 2 policies. At wp:ver we're discussing an idea I've been noodling on for a long time of saying essentially "the more contested the statement, the stronger the sourcing required (and vica versa), and adding two metrics (objectivity and knowlegability with respect to the statement being cited) to the wp:rs type metric. At wp:npov (which basically says the IF there is a substantial split of opinion, both sides must be covered) but (having only the unusable "preponderance in sources" mechanism) lacks a usable mechanism to determine whether the alternate view is fringe or not, and deciding what weight it should get in the article. This area could also benefit from those same proposed new source metrics. North8000 (talk) 15:09, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
* BTW, this excellent topic is off from my original one. This involves conflicting views on the statements in the inserted material. My original post involved putting in irrelevant material for effect. (e.g. the "his third cousin is a child molester") Where there is no conflicting view on the facts of the insertion, the conflict is on the appropriateness of having it in the particular article, that it may be an "under-the-radar" POV'ing of the article. North8000 (talk) 15:14, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
* I'm coming to this discussion late. All articles need to focus on their topic, lest they become coatracks. But within a topic there is always going to be the potential for disagreements over scope. For example, in a biography how much should we say about parents, spouses and children? We commonly include brief descriptions as necessary, but it sounds like this proposal would forbid that. Other topics are much less clear, like Economy of Japan which could include all kinds of issues which factor into the economy. I don't see how the current policy is a problem in this regard. Will Beback talk 22:05, 28 November 2011 (UTC) | WIKI |
You are currently viewing What are the early signs of oral cancer?
What are the early signs of oral cancer?
Understanding the early signs of oral cancer is crucial, and The Cosmetic Dental Spa in Hurstville is at the forefront of this critical mission. Their dedicated team of dental professionals emphasizes the importance of recognizing symptoms such as non-healing sores, unusual red or white patches, and noticeable lumps or thickened areas in the mouth.
These early warnings are key to catching oral cancer in its nascent stages, significantly improving the odds of successful treatment. The clinic’s proactive approach in educating patients and conducting thorough check-ups exemplifies their commitment to not just treating dental conditions but safeguarding the overall health of their community. Regular visits to this Hurstville dental clinic become not just about maintenance but potentially life-saving interventions.
This commitment to early detection of oral cancer is complemented by The Cosmetic Dental Spa’s dedication to clear communication, ensuring that all patients, regardless of their medical background, understand the risks and signs to watch for. By demystifying the symptoms and processes involved in identifying oral cancer, they empower their patients to be vigilant about their oral health.
This strategy not only enhances the effectiveness of early detection efforts but also strengthens the trust and relationship between patients and their Hurstville dentist. The clinic’s role extends beyond dental care to become a vital part of the community’s health ecosystem, illustrating the profound impact of informed, attentive dental care on improving health outcomes.
Risk Factors for Oral Cancer
Bad Habits Can Increase Risk
So, some things we do can raise our chances of getting oral cancer. Smoking or using tobacco is a big one. Drinking a lot of alcohol is another. These habits are like giving a green light to oral cancer.
Sun and Genes Play a Role
Additionally, excessive sun exposure to your lips can be damaging. And sometimes, our family history might make us more likely to get oral cancer. It’s like some people are handed a tougher game to play from the start.
Why Early Detection Is Key
After all, spotting oral cancer early can lead to better outcomes. That’s why we focus on it so much. Our general dentistry services, like dental fillings and wisdom teeth removal in Hurstville, also play a part. They keep your mouth healthy, which can help lower your risk.
Understanding Early Signs of Oral Cancer
1. Sores That Don’t Go Away
First up, if you have a sore in your mouth that’s sticking around longer than it should, that’s a heads-up. Sores should heal quickly. If they don’t, it’s time to check in with your dentist at The Cosmetic Dental Spa, your trusted dental local Hurstville.
2. Spots of White or Red
Also, look out for spots that are white or red in your mouth. These aren’t normal and need a closer look by a professional. It’s one of the things your Hurstville dentist is trained to spot during a check-up.
3. Lumps or Thick Spots
Feeling a bump or a thick area in your mouth? That’s another sign to watch for. It’s something you might feel with your tongue or notice when brushing.
4. Eating Shouldn’t Be Hard
Having trouble chewing or swallowing isn’t just annoying. This might indicate a more serious issue. It means food isn’t moving like it should.
5. Jaw Pain or Stiffness
Jaw pain or it feeling stiff all the time isn’t normal. If your jaw doesn’t move easily or hurts often, it’s worth mentioning to your dentist.
6. When Your Voice Sounds Different
Notice a change in your voice that doesn’t go away? This could be a sign, too. Especially if you’re not sick or haven’t been yelling at a sports game.
7. Losing Weight Without Trying
Losing weight when you’re not trying to can be a sign of many things, including oral cancer. If your pants are looser and you don’t know why, it’s time to talk to a doctor.
How Healthcare Pros Help Spot Early Signs of Oral Cancer
Checking for Signs
First, whenever you visit The Cosmetic Dental Spa for any reason, your dentist is on the lookout. Whether you’re there for a regular dental check-up or getting cosmetic dentistry like teeth whitening, they’re checking your mouth. They look for any of those early signs we talked about, like sores or lumps.
Asking Questions
Also, your dentist at The Cosmetic Dental Spa will ask you questions. They might ask if eating has been tough or if you’ve noticed any changes in your mouth. This helps them catch things you might not have thought were a big deal.
Teaching You What to Look For
In addition, healthcare pros teach you what to watch for. They tell you about the early signs of oral cancer so you can spot them too. This way, you know when to come back and get something checked out.
Using Their Skills
Dentists have special training to spot these signs. They use tools and tests that help them see things we can’t. This is part of why visits to your Hurstville dentist are so important.
The Cosmetic Dental Spa Cares
At The Cosmetic Dental Spa, we do more than just fix teeth. We look out for your health. Every time you come in, whether it’s for gum contouring or emergency dentistry in Hurstville, we’re checking for signs of trouble.
In other words, your visits to us are key to keeping you healthy. So, if it’s time for your check-up, or if you need any of our services, remember it’s also a chance for us to make sure you’re okay.
Conclusion
Spotting the early signs of oral cancer early can make a big difference. It can help people get better faster. That’s why The Cosmetic Dental Spa in Hurstville is so important. They check for these signs every time you visit, no matter if you’re there for a regular check-up or getting your teeth whitened. This helps catch any problems early. And it’s not just for people in Hurstville. If you live in nearby places like Beverly Hills, Allawah, or Hurstville Grove, this clinic is here for you too. They want everyone to come in regularly because it helps find any issues sooner.
The team at The Cosmetic Dental Spa works with you to keep your mouth healthy. They ask you to tell them if you notice anything weird, like sores that won’t go away or lumps. Catching these signs early means you can start treatment sooner, which is really good for beating the disease. They’re ready to help everyone, not just in Hurstville but also in Oatley, Lugarno, Penshurst, and more. The main message is clear: coming in for check-ups and knowing what signs to look for can help fight oral cancer. This keeps everyone healthier and smiling more.
FAQs
Look for sores that won’t heal, red or white patches, and lumps in your mouth.
If it doesn’t get better after two weeks, it’s time to see a dentist.
Yes, your Hurstville dentist is trained to spot these signs during check-ups.
Yes, catching it early means treatment can work better.
Visit The Cosmetic Dental Spa or your local Hurstville dental clinic right away.
Not always, but you should have them checked by a dentist in Hurstville.
Early signs might not hurt, so seeing a dentist regularly is important.
At every dental visit. Your dentist will do this during routine check-ups.
They keep your mouth healthy, which can help, but they don’t prevent cancer.
Because we’re focused on early detection and keeping your mouth healthy. Our team at The Cosmetic Dental Spa, including every dentist in Hurstville, is here to help spot any early signs and take care of your oral health.
Leave a Reply | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
blob: 7000115bb64b2c3dd3a846d2d4ac6055d9dfab3d [file] [log] [blame]
/*
* Test movedup and moveldup instructions.
* Here we check for _mm512_[mask|maskz]move[l|h]dup intrinsics
*/
#include "m512_test_util.h"
#include <stdio.h>
int verbose = 0;
__m512 f1;
__m512 f2;
__m512 f3;
__m512 f4;
__m512d d1;
__m512d d2;
__m512d d3;
__m512d d4;
volatile int vol = 0; /* To prevent optimizations */
void NOINLINE init() {
int i;
V512 *pf1 = (V512 *)&f1;
V512 *pf2 = (V512 *)&f2;
V512 *pd1 = (V512 *)&d1;
V512 *pd2 = (V512 *)&d2;
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
pf1->f32[i] = 17 + ((i & 1) ? 1 : -1) * i + vol;
pf2->f32[i] = -(100 + ((i & 3) == 3 ? 1 : -1) * i + vol);
}
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
pd1->f64[i] = pf1->f32[i];
pd2->f64[i] = -pf2->f32[i];
}
}
void NOINLINE check_equal32(void *vgot, void *vexpected, void *vexpected_orig,
int mask, char *banner) {
int i;
V512 *got = (V512 *)vgot;
V512 *expected = (V512 *)vexpected;
V512 *orig = (V512 *)vexpected_orig;
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
int ans = (mask & (1 << i)) ? expected->u32[i] : orig->u32[i];
if (got->u32[i] != ans) {
printf("ERROR: %s failed -- 0x%0.8x != 0x%0.8x at element [%d]\n",
banner ? banner : "", got->u32[i], ans, i);
n_errs++;
break;
}
}
}
void NOINLINE check_equal64(void *vgot, void *vexpected, void *vexpected_orig,
int mask, char *banner) {
int i;
V512 *got = (V512 *)vgot;
V512 *expected = (V512 *)vexpected;
V512 *orig = (V512 *)vexpected_orig;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
__int64 ans = (mask & (1 << i)) ? expected->u64[i] : orig->u64[i];
if (got->u64[i] != ans) {
printf("ERROR: %s failed -- %0.16" PRIx64 " != %0.16" PRIx64
" at element [%d]\n",
banner ? banner : "", got->u64[i], ans, i);
n_errs++;
break;
}
}
}
void NOINLINE emulate_movedup_pd(void *presult, const void *p1, int mask,
const void *p2, int zero_masking) {
int i;
V512 *result = (V512 *)presult;
V512 *v1 = (V512 *)p1;
V512 *v2 = (V512 *)p2;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
if (((1 << i) & mask) == 0) {
result->u64[i] = zero_masking ? 0 : v1->u64[i];
} else {
int src_index = i & 0xfe; // even index
result->u64[i] = v2->u64[src_index];
}
}
}
void NOINLINE emulate_moveldup_ps(void *presult, const void *p1, int mask,
const void *p2, int zero_masking) {
int i;
V512 *result = (V512 *)presult;
V512 *v1 = (V512 *)p1;
V512 *v2 = (V512 *)p2;
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
if (((1 << i) & mask) == 0) {
result->u32[i] = zero_masking ? 0 : v1->u32[i];
} else {
int src_index = i & 0xfe; // even index
result->u32[i] = v2->u32[src_index];
}
}
}
void NOINLINE emulate_movehdup_ps(void *presult, const void *p1, int mask,
const void *p2, int zero_masking) {
int i;
V512 *result = (V512 *)presult;
V512 *v1 = (V512 *)p1;
V512 *v2 = (V512 *)p2;
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
if (((1 << i) & mask) == 0) {
result->u32[i] = zero_masking ? 0 : v1->u32[i];
} else {
int src_index = (i & 0xfe) + 1; // odd index
result->u32[i] = v2->u32[src_index];
}
}
}
void NOINLINE do_movedup_pd() {
if (verbose) {
printf("BEGIN do_movedup_pd\n");
}
d3 = _mm512_movedup_pd(d2);
emulate_movedup_pd(&d4, (void *)0, 0xff, &d2, 0);
check_equal64(&d3, &d4, (void *)0, 0xff, "_mm512_movedup_pd");
d3 = _mm512_maskz_movedup_pd(0xc5, d2);
emulate_movedup_pd(&d4, (void *)0, 0xc5, &d2, 1);
check_equal64(&d3, &d4, (void *)0, 0xff, "_mm512_maskz_movedup_pd");
d3 = _mm512_mask_movedup_pd(d1, 0xda, d2);
emulate_movedup_pd(&d4, &d1, 0xda, &d2, 0);
check_equal64(&d3, &d4, (void *)0, 0xff, "_mm512_mask_movedup_pd");
if (verbose) {
printf("DONE\n");
}
}
void NOINLINE do_moveldup_ps() {
if (verbose) {
printf("BEGIN do_moveldup_ps\n");
}
f3 = _mm512_moveldup_ps(f2);
emulate_moveldup_ps(&f4, (void *)0, 0xffff, &f2, 0);
check_equal32(&f3, &f4, (void *)0, 0xffff, "_mm512_moveldup_ps");
f3 = _mm512_maskz_moveldup_ps(0x79fa, f2);
emulate_moveldup_ps(&f4, (void *)0, 0x79fa, &f2, 1);
check_equal32(&f3, &f4, (void *)0, 0xffff, "_mm512_maskz_moveldup_ps");
f3 = _mm512_mask_moveldup_ps(f1, 0x53da, f2);
emulate_moveldup_ps(&f4, &f1, 0x53da, &f2, 0);
check_equal32(&f3, &f4, (void *)0, 0xffff, "_mm512_mask_moveldup_ps");
if (verbose) {
printf("DONE\n");
}
}
void NOINLINE do_movehdup_ps() {
if (verbose) {
printf("BEGIN do_movehdup_ps\n");
}
f3 = _mm512_movehdup_ps(f2);
emulate_movehdup_ps(&f4, (void *)0, 0xffff, &f2, 0);
check_equal32(&f3, &f4, (void *)0, 0xffff, "_mm512_movehdup_ps");
f3 = _mm512_maskz_movehdup_ps(0x79fa, f2);
emulate_movehdup_ps(&f4, (void *)0, 0x79fa, &f2, 1);
check_equal32(&f3, &f4, (void *)0, 0xffff, "_mm512_maskz_movehdup_ps");
f3 = _mm512_mask_movehdup_ps(f1, 0x79fa, f2);
emulate_movehdup_ps(&f4, &f1, 0x79fa, &f2, 0);
check_equal32(&f3, &f4, (void *)0, 0xffff, "_mm512_mask_movehdup_ps");
if (verbose) {
printf("DONE\n");
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
init();
do_movedup_pd();
do_moveldup_ps();
do_movehdup_ps();
if (n_errs != 0) {
printf("FAILED\n");
return 1;
}
printf("PASSED\n");
return 0;
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Log/2007 October 12
I'm trying to nominate a discussion on CNW Marketing Research but can't figure out how to get the discussion going. I added it to the list, but it appears below the content box and no discussion is formed. I already put a tag on the page once, but the author objected, so now I'm putting it up for discussion... any advice? Nrcjersey 13:01, 12 October 2007 (UTC)
* What you've done so far was a proposed deletion. If you still think the page should be deleted, follow the instructions at WP:AFD. Hope this helps --Pak21 13:09, 12 October 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
Skip to main content
Dryad
Data from: Differentiation at the MHCIIα and Cath2 loci in sympatric Salvelinus alpinus resource morphs in Lake Thingvallavatn
Cite this dataset
Kapralova, Kalina H. et al. (2013). Data from: Differentiation at the MHCIIα and Cath2 loci in sympatric Salvelinus alpinus resource morphs in Lake Thingvallavatn [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.81884
Abstract
Northern freshwater fish may be suitable for the genetic dissection of ecological traits because they invaded new habitats after the last ice age (~10.000 years ago). Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) colonizing streams and lakes in Iceland gave rise to multiple populations of small benthic morphotypes, often in sympatry with a pelagic morphotype. Earlier studies have revealed significant, but subtle, genetic differentiation between the three most common morphs in Lake Thingvallavatn. We conducted a population genetic screen on four immunological candidate genes Cathelicidin 2 (Cath2), Hepcidin (Hamp), Liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2a (Leap-2a), and Major Histocompatibility Complex IIα (MHCIIα) and a mitochondrial marker (D-loop) among the three most common Lake Thingvallavatn charr morphs. Significant differences in allele frequencies were found between morphs at the Cath2 and MHCIIα loci. No such signal was detected in the D-loop nor in the other two immunological genes. In Cath2 the small benthic morph deviated from the other two (FST = 0.13), one of the substitutions detected constituting an amino acid replacement polymorphism in the antimicrobial peptide. A more striking difference was found in the MHCIIα. Two haplotypes were very common in the lake, and their frequency differed greatly between the morphotypes (from 22% to 93.5%, FST = 0.67). We then expanded our study by surveying the variation in Cath2 and MHCIIα in 9 Arctic charr populations from around Iceland. The populations varied greatly in terms of allele frequencies at Cath2, but the variation did not correlate with morphotype. At the MHCIIα locus, the variation was nearly identical to the variation in the two benthic morphs of Lake Thingvallavatn. The results are consistent with a scenario where parts of the immune systems have diverged substantially among Arctic charr populations in Iceland, after colonizing the island ~10.000 years ago.
Usage notes
Location
Iceland
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
US STOCKS-Dow, Nasdaq futures drop after mixed tech earnings; Fed meeting eyed
For a Reuters live blog on U.S., UK and European stock markets, click LIVE/ or type LIVE/ in a news window.
Futures: Dow down 0.10%, S&P up 0.10%, Nasdaq off 0.11%
April 28 (Reuters) - Futures tracking the Dow and the Nasdaq fell on Wednesday after a mixed batch of earnings from big technology companies, while investors kept a close watch on the U.S. Federal Reserve, which is expected to stick to its promise of keeping monetary policy loose.
Microsoft Corp MSFT.O met quarterly sales expectations and beat profit estimates, but its shares fell 2.4% in premarket trading on skepticism about one-off benefits included in the results and high hopes after a year-long rally.
Google parent Alphabet Inc GOOGL.O jumped 5.2% on reporting record profit for the second consecutive quarter and a $50 billion share buyback but warned a surge in usage and ad sales during the pandemic may slow as people resume in-person activities.
Biotech Amgen Inc AMGN.O fell 3.6% as it said its first-quarter sales and profit fell due to a 7% drop in its net drug prices and a hit from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Meanwhile, the U.S. central bank's policy statement, due to be released at 2 p.m. EDT, is expected to largely follow the mold established in December, when the Fed said it would not change monetary policy until there had been "substantial further progress" in meeting its maximum employment and 2% inflation goals.
The benchmark 10-year Treasury yield US10YT=RR rose to its highest in more than two weeks. US/
Some of the top U.S. companies, including Boeing Co BA.N, Qualcomm Inc QCOM.O, Caterpillar Inc CAT.N and Exxon Mobil Corp XOM.N, are reporting their first-quarter earnings this week.
Facebook Inc FB.O is expected to report a rise in first-quarter revenue due to demand for online advertisements during the pandemic, while Apple Inc AAPL.O is expected to post a more than 32% jump in second-quarter revenue, driven by huge demand for its 5G iPhones.
Shares of Facebook rose 2.0%, while Apple fell 0.2%.
At 6:59 a.m. ET, Dow e-minis 1YMcv1 were down 35 points, or 0.1%, S&P 500 e-minis EScv1 were up 4.25 points, or 0.1%, and Nasdaq 100 e-minis NQcv1 were down 14.75 points, or 0.11%.
U.S. President Joe Biden is expected to unveil a sweeping $1.8 trillion package for families and education in his first joint speech to Congress, senior White House officials say.
(Reporting by Shivani Kumaresan in Bengaluru; Editing by Anil D'Silva)
((Shivani.Kumaresan@thomsonreuters.com; +1 646 223 8780;))
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Rogers v. United States (340 U.S. 367)/Opinion of the Court
This case arises out of an investigation by the regularly convened grand jury of the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. The books and records of the Communist Party of Denver were sought as necessary to that inquiry and were the subject of questioning by the grand jury. In September, 1948, petitioner, in response to a subpoena, appeared before the grand jury. She testified that she held the position of Treasurer of the Communist Party of Denver until January, 1948, and that, by virtue of her office, she had been in possession of membership lists and dues records of the Party. Petitioner denied having possession of the records and testified that she had turned them over to another. But she refused to identify the person to whom she had given the Party's books, stating to the court as her only reason: 'I don't feel that I should subject a person or persons to the same thing that I'm going through.' The court thereupon committed petitioner to the custody of the marshal until ten o'clock the next morning, expressly advising petitioner of her right to consult with counsel.
The next day, counsel for petitioner informed the court that he had read the transcript of the prior day's proceedings and that, upon his advice, petitioner would answer the questions to purge herself of contempt. However, upon reappearing before the grand jury, petitioner again refused to answer the question. The following day she was again brought into court. Called before the district judge immediately after he had heard oral argument concerning the privilege against self-incrimination in another case, petitioner repeated her refusal to answer the question, asserting this time the privilege against self-incrimination. After ruling that her refusal was not privileged, the district judge imposed a sentence of four months for contempt. The Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit affirmed, 1950, 179 F.2d 559, and we granted certiorari, 1950, 339 U.S. 956, 70 S.Ct. 978.
If petitioner desired the protection of the privilege against self-incrimination, she was required to claim it. United States v. Monia, 1943, 317 U.S. 424, 427, 63 S.Ct. 409, 410, 87 L.Ed. 376. The privilege 'is deemed waived unless invoked.' United States v. Murdock, 1931, 284 U.S. 141, 148, 52 S.Ct. 63, 64, 76 L.Ed. 210. Furthermore, the decisions of this Court are explicit in holding that the privilege against self-incrimination 'is solely for the benefit of the witness,' and 'is purely a personal privilege of the witness.' Petitioner expressly placed her original declination to answer on an untenable ground, since a refusal to answer cannot be justified by a desire to protect others from punishment, much less to protect another from interrogation by a grand jury. Petitioner's claim of the privilege against self-incrimination was pure afterthought. Although the claim was made at the time of her second refusal to answer in the presence of the court, it came only after she had voluntarily testified to her status as an officer of the Communist Party of Denver. To uphold a claim of privilege in this case would open the way to distortion of facts by permitting a witness to select any stopping place in the testimony.
The privilege against self-incrimination, even if claimed at the time the question as to the name of the person to whom petitioner turned over the Party records was asked, would not justify her refusal to answer. As a preliminary matter, we note that petitioner had no privilege with respect to the books of the Party, whether it be a corporation or an unincorporated association. Books and records kept 'in a representative rather than in a personal capacity cannot be the subject of the personal privilege against self-incrimination, even though production of the papers might tend to incriminate (their keeper) personally.' United States v. White, 1944, 322 U.S. 694, 699, 64 S.Ct. 1248, 1251, 88 L.Ed. 1542. Since petitioner's claim of privilege cannot be asserted in relation to the books and records sought by the grand jury, the only claim for reversal of her conviction rests on the ground that mere disclosure of the name of the recipient of the books tends to incriminate.
In Blau v. United States, 1950, 340 U.S. 159, 71 S.Ct. 223, we held that questions as to connections with the Communist Party are subject to the privilege against self-incrimination as calling for disclosure of facts tending to criminate under the Smith Act, 18 U.S.C.A. § 2386. But petitioner's conviction stands on an entirely different footing, for she had freely described her membership, activities and office in the Party. Since the privilege against self-incrimination presupposes a real danger of legal detriment arising from the disclosure, petitioner cannot invoke the privilege where response to the specific question in issue here would not further incriminate her. Disclosure of a fact waives the privilege as to details. As this Court stated in Brown v. Walker, 1896, 161 U.S. 591, 597, 16 S.Ct. 644, 647, 40 L.Ed. 819: 'Thus, if the witness himself elects to waive his privilege, as he may doubtless do, since the privilege is for his protection and not for that of other parties, and discloses his criminal connections, he is not permitted to stop, but must go on and make a full disclosure.'
Following this rule, federal courts have uniformly held that, where criminating facts have been voluntarily revealed, the privilege cannot be invoked to avoid disclosure of the details. The decisions of this Court in Arndstein v. McCarthy, 1920, 254 U.S. 71, 41 S.Ct. 26, 65 L.Ed. 138, and McCarthy v. Arndstein, 1923, 262 U.S. 355, 43 S.Ct. 562, 67 L.Ed. 1023, further support the conviction in this case for, in sustaining the privilege on each appeal, the Court stressed the absence of any previous 'admission of guilt or incriminating facts,' and relied particularly upon Brown v. Walker, supra, and Foster v. People, 1869, 18 Mich. 266. The holding of the Michigan court is entirely apposite here: '(W)here a witness has voluntarly answered as to materially criminating facts, it is held with uniformity that he cannot then stop short and refuse further explanation, but must disclose fully what he has attempted to relate.' 18 Mich. at page 276.
Requiring full disclosure of details after a witness freely testifies as to a criminating fact does not rest upon a further 'waiver' of the privilege against self-incrimination. Admittedly, petitioner had already 'waived' her privilege of silence when she freely answered criminating questions relating to her connection with the Communist Party. But when petitioner was asked to furnish the name of the person to whom she turned over Party records, the court was required to determine, as it must whenever the privilege is claimed, whether the question presented a reasonable danger of further crimination in light of all the circumstances, including any previous disclosures. As to each question to which a claim of privilege is directed, the court must determine whether the answer to that particular question would subject the witness to a 'real danger' of further crimination. After petitioner's admission that she held that office of Treasurer of the Communist Party of Denver, disclosure of acquaintance with her successor presents no more than a 'mere imaginary possibility' of increasing the danger of prosecution.
Petitioner's contention in the Court of Appeals and in this Court has been that, conceding her prior voluntary crimination as to one element of proof of a Smith Act violation, disclosure of the name of the recipient of the Party records would tend to incriminate as to the different crime of conspiracy to violate the Smith Act. Our opinion in Blau v. United States, supra, 340 U.S. at page 161, 71 S.Ct. at page 224, explicitly rejects petitioner's argument for reversal here in its holding that questions relating to activities in the Communist Party are criminating both as to 'violation of (or conspiracy to violate) the Smith Act.' Of course, at least two persons are required to constitute a conspiracy, but the identity of the other members of the conspiracy is not needed, inasmuch as one person can be convicted of conspiring with persons whose names are unknown.
Affirmed.
Mr. Justice CLARK took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
Mr. Justice BLACK, with whom Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER and Mr. Justice DOUGLAS concur, dissenting. | WIKI |
×
Physics at Virginia
"Spintronics: Fundamentals and Applications"
Igor Zutic , University of Maryland
[Host: Olivier Pfister]
ABSTRACT:
Spintronics is an interdisciplinary field in which the central idea is the manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid state systems. The motivation to examine spintronics ranges from fundamental studies, where the changes of the spin degrees of freedom can be a sensitive probe for basic physical phenomena, to applications that are neither feasible nor effective with conventional electronics. This talk will focus on two examples: (1) spin-polarized transport in hybrid structures containing superconductors and (2) a proposal for magnetic p-n junctions. Our prediction that a superconducting response can be used to probe a novel class of ferromagnetic semiconductors has recently led to the first direct measurement of the spin polarization in these materials. In the second example, we develop a theory of inhomogeneously doped semiconductors. We predict the spin-voltaic effect, a spin-analogue of the photo-voltaic effect. We show that the direction of the charge current (which can even flow at no applied bias) can be switched by the reversal of an equilibrium magnetization or of a polarization of the injected spin. The same spin-voltaic effect can be used to develop a novel class of tunable magnetic transistors.
Condensed Matter Seminar
Thursday, March 4, 2004
4:00 PM
Physics Building, Room 204
Note special time.
Note special room.
Add to your calendar
To add a speaker, send an email to phys-speakers@Virginia.EDU. Please include the seminar type (e.g. Condensed Matter Seminars), date, name of the speaker, title of talk, and an abstract (if available). | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Vidya Balan/Archive 1
Official site
Vidya balan does not have an official site. the site listed is a fansite as the disclaimer of the site clearly states. Now she has an official website "http://www.vidyabalan.net/"
Fan Sites
Hi
I was wondering if the fan sites rule includes fan sites that have no adverts or sources of income what so ever. For example this site as opposed to this one.
Thanks!
* Wrote something about the topic on Amrita Rao's page. If you wish to raise a discussion over the use of fan sites, I suggest you ask the editors which work on this article to contribute.
* Problem with adding own fansites is:
* "A website that you own or maintain, even if the guidelines above imply that it should be linked to. This is because of neutrality and point-of-view concerns; neutrality is an important objective at Wikipedia, and a difficult one. If it is relevant and informative, mention it on the talk page and let other — neutral — Wikipedia editors decide whether to add the link." (Policy for external links here at WP:)
* Not to mention copyright violations and POV.
* Best regards, --Plum couch Talk2Me 01:15, 30 September 2006 (UTC)
* Okay, thank you. :)
* I see the other site there now... added by our new editor. --<IP_ADDRESS> 17:43, 6 October 2006 (UTC)
Urdu
User:Zora and U-Company, Can you please explain the rationale behind inserting urdu script in Vidya Balan's biography.-Bharatveer 09:07, 8 November 2006 (UTC)
* I'm slightly confused by this edit war too. Could somebody please explain the necessity of adding Urudu to this biography article?--thunderboltz(Deepu) 13:29, 9 November 2006 (UTC)
* It makes no sense, especially considering her ethnicity (Malayali) to have Urdu. Malayali Urdu ka orru sambandho ille. Bakaman Bakatalk 20:24, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
Guys, Bollywood movies are made in HINDUSTANI -- they stick to language that is understood in the widest possible area of Northern India and Pakistan. That's a commercial decision, to maximize box-office receipts. That's why the titles, on screen and in the advertising, are given in both Devanagari and Nastaliq script. Those are different ways of writing the same thing. If it's necessary for the Devanagari to be there, so that people who know both Hindustani and English can figure out how to pronounce the name, then it's just as necessary for the Nastaliq to be there. Insistence on coding these as Hindi and Urdu, and as separate languages, is just plain wrong-headed. Removal of Nastaliq script is a political ploy. It implies that North Indians and Pakistanis who read and use Nastaliq script are enemies, don't count, shouldn't be considered in writing this encyclopedia. So far as I can tell, you guys are trying to censor information that would be useful to some readers because you don't like those readers. Zora 22:50, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
* User:Zora, You have a habit of making these kind of meaningless political accusations.
* See your post on User:Anupam's page : You're stepping into a minefield here and I may not be the best person to advise. For whatever it's worth, I'd suggest that you limit the supplementary Devanagari to material that is sold and advertised in India, and perhaps phrase it thus: "When appearing in India, or sold in India, rendered as XXX in Devanagari." That makes it very clear that you aren't attempting to claim the material for India, that you're just trying to reach out to Indian fans who might not be able to read the Urdu script. Take it slow and don't act as if you're a tank division heading for Islamabad! :) Zora 02:32, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
* UserZora, wikipedia is not the place to do this kind of things.-Bharatveer 04:04, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
* NAstaliq is absolutely unnecessary, the language of her ehtnic group is probably all that is needed. There should be an urdu wiki article written on Vidya Balan. On that article users can read the nastaliq script. You make amazing assumptions of bad faith, Zora, even I cant accuse users of "political ploys". Bakaman Bakatalk 05:01, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
When people started putting up script, the point was NOT to pigeonhole the actor/actress by "ethnicity," whatever that means in a country that has been intermarrying for millenia, but to put up names and titles in a form that would allow people who can read the scripts to pronounce the name or title correctly. The point was usefulness to readers, not categorizing movies/actors/actresses. Well, there are millions of people who read and write in Nastaliq who watch Bollywood movies. They count. It's the same reason that many Shi'a-related articles give a name in both Arabic and Persian scripts (which are slightly different) -- many Shi'a are much more familiar with Persian, even though the subject of the article (Husayn ibn Ali, say) was an Arab. Zora 05:39, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
* Your arguments read together with your tank division comment will clearly show your political motives .Pls desist from using Wikipedia for such political purposes.Indian film articles should not be treated in anyway different that Indian biographies-Bharatveer 05:54, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
* User Zora - There are millions who read and write in Kannada, tamil, telugu, oriya etc., scripts who watch bollywood movies. They also should count. So please add those scripts also or remove the urdu one. I have been observing this trend of infesting urdu script on all hindi movie related pages. This is bad. Either remove the Urdu scripts from these articles or just simply say that the movies are infact Urdu movies and remove the Hindi(devanagari) script. Sarvagnya 01:40, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
* Can someone explain why we should have any vernacular scripts in an English language wikipedia? Dozens of articles (AFIK) are suffering from tit-for-tat edits on which scripits to have. This pracitce has introduced a flavour of communalism and regional prejudices into WP. It is wasting numerous editors' valuable time and effort. What useful purpose is served by transcribing a name in numerous scripts? - Parthi talk/contribs 01:55, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
* For example, Harrison Ford's movies are watched by people all around the world speaking hundreds of different languages. His movies are even translated and dubbed into numerous languages as well, I remember seeing a Tamil version on Satellite TV a few years ago. Does this mean we need to insert numerous scripts into the Harrison Ford article? I see no logic in this. - Parthi talk/contribs 02:22, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
* Hey, I agree with you. I didn't want to have the darn scripts in the first place, but the other editors all disagreed. When I have time, I'm going to try to work up a general "script" policy that would apply to all WP articles, as to how non-Roman scripts should be chosen and displayed. Right now, I'm thinking that the scripts should be moved out into an infobox somewhere near the bottom of the article, and that there should be a limit of five or so. Criteria is going to be the hard part. I totally and absolutely reject the idea of using the scripts as ethnic or religious tags or codes. Better to have none at all than to play the ethnic/religious tagging games that have consumed so much time on WP. Zora 02:54, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
Political motives? Sheesh! I live in Honolulu. I've never been to India OR Pakistan. I'm not FOR one side or another; I think the whole business of "sides" is ridiculous. I'm an anti-nationalist. I didn't want non-Roman scripts in the articles in the first place, but since other editors want them, I'm just trying to be fair to the Bollywood audience that uses Nastaliq. Zora 06:30, 19 November 2006 (UTC) Zora, could you please be fair enough to Indians by placing a Devnagari or a Gujrati transliteration in Mohammad Ali Zinnah's page here?
* I see that long discussions have already taken place regarding this on Talk:Bollywood. IMO, adding Urdu to pages of actors makes little sense. True, a large Urdu-speaking fan following might exist, but the diversity of fans is not the criteria which we use to normally decide such things. The article on bollywood can use both Devanagiri and Urdu script in the lead. There your point holds very well.
* Also, I dont think we are being biased in any way by not providing Urdu script on an actor's page. George bush is more popular among Indians than Americans (according to many surveys). So should his article contain his name in Devanagiri? In short, there simply isnt any reason for a biography page on a non-urdu speaking person to contain urdu (or any other language for that matter), for the sole reason that the person is popular in Bollywood.--thunderboltz(Deepu) 08:48, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
* Urdu and Hindi are separate languages only in their upper registers. At the man-in-the-street level, Hindustani is the same whether it's written in Devanagari or Nastaliq. And Bollywood films are written for the man in the street. They wouldn't be so immensely popular in Pakistan if the Pakistanis didn't understand them. Please don't cover up the real linguistic complexity and disenfranchise many Indian (as well as Pakistani) fans. Zora 09:40, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
* User:Zora, Pls stop your meaningless politic rant.Wikipedia is not the place to do these kind of things.-Bharatveer 10:32, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
* The sorry part of this discussion is that this user is not having the faintest clue of the topic under discussion.-Bharatveer 10:44, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
* User:Bharatveer must cease his habitual personal attacks and start contributing usefully to WP. Thanks - Parthi talk/contribs 22:33, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
* I agree with Parthi. User:Bharatveer should focus on arguments and logic rather than his denigration of other users in violation of WP:CIVIL, WP:AGF, WP:NPA. Ad hominem attacks are always bad, and should never be tolerated. Thanks. --Ragib 00:44, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
* Sorry Zora, wikipedia is not about pandering to certain groups its about presenting valuable info. Writing a Sanskrit derived name in Urdu (unless the person is Sindhi or Kashmiri) is just plain stupid. Anyway my suggestion that an Urdu language wiki article can be linked to this is a viable solution. There is a reason why we have interwiki links. I can even ask some users on ur (read as urdu) wiki to write the urdu script while I give Hindi transliteration. Vidya Balan should have Tamil script though as well (she is part Iyer) and Hindi only because she speaks Hindi and is in Hindi movies. Bakaman Bakatalk 17:00, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
* Bakaman, thanks for inviting me to this discussion. I'll try to offer whatever advice I have for this situation. In my opinion, Urdu should stay on the article because it is a script used for the language in Bollywood films -- Hindustani. For Bollywood related articles, we've had a policy- that if someone adds Devanagari, thats okay. If someone adds Perso-Arabic, that's okay too. Neither script is required, but when they are added, they should not be deleted. For this article in particular: Vidya Balan stars in Salaam-e-Ishq, a movie whose script is written by Javed Akhtar, an Urdu script writer. Also, Vidya Balan has read Urdu with perfect pronounciation as well (see Vidya Balan reads Mo ka Tara in Urdu and Telgu Portal: Vidya Balan). However, I do see that many individuals here are opposed to Urdu on this article. I'm going to make a compromise between the two parties and present the language using the word Hindustani instead. This should be agreeable to everyone here. I hope this helps. Thanks, AnupamTalk 05:23, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
* Your edits were not helpful. Hindi is the "rashtra bhasha" and it will stay in devanagari.Fortunately or unfortunately Hindustani is not mentioned anywhere in the Indian Constitution.Regards.-Bharatveer 05:40, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
* Bharatveer thanks for your comments. I understand and respect that fact the Hindi is the "rashtra bhasha". However, in this situation, we're not discussing the Indian government, but Bollywood. I only made the change to Hindustani as others were objecting to the use of the word Urdu. I can re-add the word Urdu if you would like based on my comments above and those at Bollywood talk. However, I'd like to wait on some more comments before doing so. I'm going to revert to my "compromise version" for now and see what others think. Could you please honor this compromise and not revert until we have more input? Thanks, I really appreciate it. Shanti, AnupamTalk 05:48, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
* Sorry Anupam.There is no way nastaliq can be written in this Indian Biography.The only unibiased compromised situation will be the article without any scripts.I am going to revert to its Hindi version. If you want ; you can remove both the scripts for the time being.-Bharatveer 05:53, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
* Bharatveer, thanks for your concern. The only reason I kept my compromise version was so others could see it and give their comments on it. I'm not going to revert to my version myself, but if you understand this, I'll let you revert it. Also, I just wanted to let you know that Urdu is indeed an Indian language. It was formed in India, has the most number of speakers in India, and is a Sanskrit based (Indo-Aryan) language. In fact, before the Partition of India, Delhi, Lucknow, Aligarh and Hyderabad used to be the four literary centers of Urdu — none of which lie in present Pakistan. I hope you understand the reason I reverted to the compromise version. I await yours and others valuable comments. Thanks, AnupamTalk 06:06, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
Bharatveer's objection seems to be to the mention of Urdu, or Nastaliq, in connection with India. Since many Indian nationals do speak an Urdu-leaning Hindustani, and use Nastaliq, the only conclusion I can draw is that he considers those Indians not "real" Indians. They're "real" enough that the Indian government is considering dealing with discrimination against them by including them in the Scheduled Castes. I don't like discrimination in real life and I don't like discrimination on Wikipedia. Bharatveer, is this really the impression of India that you want to give to foreigners? Zora 06:17, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
* User:Zora, Pls try to understand things properly.You are attacking me personally here making false accusations.
* "They're "real" enough that the Indian government is considering dealing with discrimination against them by including them in the Scheduled Castes."
* This shows that you dont have a remotest idea of what you are writing about.Pls try to read something about India before you make these kind of "funny comments".
* User:Anupam, Pls dont try to divert the discussion.This is an indian biography and should be treated like one.Hindi is the language and not "hindustani" as you say.Regards.-Bharatveer 06:29, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
* Bharatveer, the only reason I brought up the comments about Urdu's status in India is because of your comment (in italics): There is no way nastaliq can be written in this Indian Biography implying that Urdu is incompatible with India. I think Zora interepreted your comment in the same manner. Once again, I realize that Hindi is the official language of the Union of India. However, here we are discussing Bollywood. Bollywood films and their actors speak the nonstandardized Hindustani language to cater to the widest possible audience: the 180,764,791 Hindi speakers and the 60,503,579 Urdu speakers. In this way, Bollywood will maximize its potential customers. Native Hindi speaking actors/singers are encouraged to use neutral language in films/songs. For example, they will not say subjee but subzee (vegetables) or sir but sar (head). I hope this helps, AnupamTalk 06:53, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
* You are just drawing wrong conclusions of your own.I have never made such nonsensical accusations .-Bharatveer 08:16, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
* Zora, Indian politics has little to do with this person. Anupam, I think your math is a little bit off. There are closer to 400 million Hindi speakers in India (337 is the norm on wiki). Anyways perhaps more energy should be spent writing Hindu/Urdu wiki articles on the person, rather than bickering over which scripts to include. Its more convenient to read the article in Hindi than it is to have a Hindi script on an article otherwise in roman script Bakaman Bakatalk 05:03, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* Please see my query above regarding the value of any vernacular script in an English language, especially in a bio article. I had asked the question giving Harrison ford as an example. This dispute is totally non-productive. These scripts IMO are merely utilised to label someone's ethnicity rather than provide any useful information to the reader. - Parthi talk/contribs 07:22, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
The script should be where the person is from and what he/she speaks. I don't think urdu belongs in such a place unless the person is muslim indian or pak.--D-Boy 07:16, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* Is there a WP policy stating this? How would you know what language someone speaks? One may be proficient in many languages? Do you include all of them? Or did you mean 'the language the person'sethnicity represents'? - Parthi talk/contribs 07:33, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
I'm yet to come across a Muslim who insists on having Urdu in Bolly articles... Zora dunno why are your pandering to imagined sensitivities,
'''Guys, Bollywood movies are made in HINDUSTANI -- they stick to language that is understood in the widest possible area of Northern India and Pakistan. That's a commercial decision, to maximize box-office receipts. That's why the titles, on screen and in the advertising, are given in both Devanagari and Nastaliq script.'''
Its been a long time since I've seen usage of Urdu script in Bollywood movies in adverts or otherwise (obviosly Urdu-fied bootleg Bolly DVDs from Pakistan we get in England dont count)... Hindustani is essentially dead. Higher forms of Urdu is Greek to my Rajasthani-Marathi ears. You are exagerating use of Urdu or Persianised Hindustani (if you like) in modern Bollywood movies. For a person who has never been to subcontinent, can you even differentiate between Urdu and Hindi?
Whats more in this Urdufication campaign you guys seem to have negelected the quality of articles themselves. Kajol article for one doesnt even mention her Marathi ethnicity. अमेय आर्यन DaBroodey 17:51, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
'''Bharatveer's objection seems to be to the mention of Urdu, or Nastaliq, in connection with India. Since many Indian nationals do speak an Urdu-leaning Hindustani, and use Nastaliq, the only conclusion I can draw is that he considers those Indians not "real" Indians. They're "real" enough that the Indian government is considering dealing with discrimination against them by including them in the Scheduled Castes. I don't like discrimination in real life and I don't like discrimination on Wikipedia. Bharatveer, is this really the impression of India that you want to give to foreigners?'''
Given your views of anybody right of Prakash Karat, this is unsurprising. I really dont know what sort of notions about Hindus you've cooked up in your head. Surely Government of India commitees are no gold standards on objectivity and impartiality. You are in effect 800 million Hindus of India of being racists. Obviously this is no space to discuss the merits and demerits of Sachar committee (which has been blown to smithrens on Blogosphere).
Lastly to be frank, i've spent some time with hardcore RSS chuddiwallahs last July. I can affirm they are not half-as paranoid as you. Stop seeing Hindutvadis everywhere. Indian Nationalism does NOT equal Hindutva. अमेय आर्यन DaBroodey 18:07, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
Just a random Zora rant on Anupams talk page:
'''Please have a look at the talk page there. This is yet another instance of a certain cadre of editors replacing references to South Asia with the term "Indian sub-continent." Laying claim to the whole sub-continent'''
For one term, sub-continent has academic patronage. South Asia is nothing more than a politically correct term. I find it hypocritical of you to go that far to accomodate Pakistani sensitivities, while denying same to us on topics relating to our (Indian) cultural icons. I'm not a man to mince words. 'hanging around' at Sepia Munity hardly makes one qualified auhtority on Desi issues. Given the masochist slant of a few writers over there, Abhi in particular! (For records i write for Sepia Munity's sister blog Pickled Poltics from across the pond). Morever Sepia Mutiny isnt exactly the alpha and omega of desi blogopshere. Desipundit is... Most Indians regardless of faith or ideology would find term South Asian, exteremely irritating.
All I'd say, Zora come out of the closet, tell us what we already know, tell us about your extent of distaste for Indians and Hindus. अमेय आर्यन DaBroodey 19:20, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* I'd like to recommend AMBBroodey to assume good faith. I see no valid reasons given for the inclusion of any vernacular scripts other than to mark the person as belonging to a certain community. This invariably leads to communalistic and chauvinistic behaviour. What value do these scripts add to an English language encyclopedia?- Parthi talk/contribs 19:27, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
Well neither do I. But if you are gonna rid them on Indian articles, do it on all the articles, which will be a pointless exercise. As for Assuming Good Faith, its not as if i dont value Zora's cotribs to Wikipedia or something, but she definitely has her POVs which she refuses to acknowledge. Moreover I havent seen Zora extensing same courtsey to Hindu and Indian editors. She is very quick to denounce us as Hindutvadis. अमेय आर्यन DaBroodey 19:50, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
The purpose of *This* talk page is to discuss *this* article, not the editors who edit this. Let us stick to that please. Thank you. --Ragib 19:59, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* Malayali, Tamil, Devanagari (for Hindi films). Besides English (the article is in eng) Hindi is the only other official central government language. If I want to address the assembly in Trivandrum in Hindi I can, I cannot do that even in Tamil (though more people are bound to understand Tamil). Bollywood are Hindi language films, and experiences in the blogosphere and original research dont meet WP:RS. Bakaman Bakatalk 03:31, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
* What has Hindi being the "official" (sic) language of the Indian Government has anything to do with an English language Wikipedia article? This website is not a Government of India website (thank God!) - Parthi talk/contribs 07:32, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
* It is because Hindi is the "Rasthra Bhasha" of India. This website is not the property of Govt Of Ooze land either.(thank Ooze dog).-Bharatveer 07:50, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
* Nice see the usual personal abuse from the most useless editor on WP. - Parthi talk/contribs 09:33, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
* Nice to see this coming from one of the worst anti-indian,anti-hindi POV-PUSHER in wikipedia .-Bharatveer 09:44, 30 November 2006 (UTC)Bharatveer 09:45, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
(resetting indent)Bharatveer and Parthi, please refrain from commenting on each others. Let's just focus on the issue rather than applying various adjectives to each other. Thank you. --Ragib 10:01, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
* Hindi is not the "Rashtra Bhasha" of any country I know of. If the Northie cow-dung belt wallahs are going to tell me what language I should speak, then the country can go and blow itself up for all I care. Gamesmaster G-9 07:58, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
* That speaks much of your "knowledge". "Blowing up" is all too common now. Pls keep Wikipedia free from terrorism.-Bharatveer 08:05, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
* Please keep it free from narrow minded linguistic bigotry. 08:53, 30 November 2006 (UTC) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Gamesmasterg9 (talk • contribs).
* First off, I would like to say I don't like Hindustani or Hindi or urdu or whatever. I want just native scripts. Many of us don't even want Hindi scripts on on say bollywood bio articles. As for Rashtra and that unity stuff is concerned, India should speak English, Sanskrit, and the root of all south indian languages. Makes things a hell of a lot simplier.--D-Boy 02:58, 1 December 2006 (UTC)
protected until script issues resolved
As usual, this article had to be protected until the script issues are solved. Very sad, but I hope that the users will arrive at a consensus. Some of the edit-warring editors are on the verge of breaking WP:3RR as well. Please be careful about that. Thanks. --Ragib 07:30, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
Starting a new section, to continue the same old same old
Urdu IS one of the official languages of India. See List of national languages of India. It is not one of the two languages of central administration (English and Hindi), but it is an official language in many states. Why try to get rid of Nastaliq and Urdu, but leave Tamil or Malayalam? They have exactly the same status as Urdu.
As for Muslims and Scheduled Castes, see this article from Outlook India:. The Sachar report recommends reservations for Muslims. Zora 09:18, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
* Even after repeated requests, You are just bringing up your Political Povs here.Malayalam script exists here because she is from Palakkad ,Kerala and hindi, because its her national language.-Bharatveer 09:44, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
Even if we assume that Hindi is the 'national' language of India for a microsecond, why do we need any scripts on a bio page? Is it for pronunciation? If so the speakers of these languages already know how to pronounce her name. WP is not India. It doesn't care what language someone speaks. - Parthi talk/contribs 19:45, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
* Reply - Its not assumption its fact and official. Bakaman Bakatalk 04:37, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* Minor matter. Hindi is one of the official languages of India (among 20 odd) and not the national language. Cheers Parthi talk/contribs 04:57, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* minor for oozies perhaps!!!-Bharatveer 05:43, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* Nothing useful to offer. As usual indulging in personal attacks. - Parthi talk/contribs 05:47, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* So are you, continuing your anti -Hindi rants here.Bharatveer 05:52, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* Hindi is one of the official languages (with English) for all of India. That means if I'm in Trivandrum with my aunt and we go to the government office, the proceedings can proceed in Hindi even though the official lang of Kerala is Malayalam. If I go to Imphal the govt proceedings can be done in Hindi, even though the official lang of Manipur is Meitei. Parthi please re-read Official languages - Central Government. ACtually I'll cquote the needed part.
The Constitution of India has stipulated the usage of Hindi and English to be the two languages of communication for the Central (Federal) government. and The state governments use their own language along with English for communication with the Central government. For example, the central government sends its information in Hindi and English to the state of Karnataka and this state communicates back in Kannada and English. Information from the center to Tamil Nadu is in English and Hindi and this state communicates back in Tamil and English.. Its not minor, lol Bakaman Bakatalk 15:43, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* I would be happy to drop all the scripts except the IPA pronunciation guides, which could be of use to everyone. However, I'd have a hard time convincing all the other editors who insist on adding scripts. Parthi, you want to work with me on coming up with a script policy? I'm thinking right now of putting all non-Roman scripts in teeny teeny type in a box at the bottom of the article and for a criterion -- how about whether or not there's an article on the same subject in the relevant non-English Wiki? The scripts could be the links to the articles. We wouldn't have to worry about ethnic/religious tagging or arguments about which scripts are relevant. Zora 20:24, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
* IMO IPA alone would suffice for any article. I don't mind links at the bottom of the page linking to interwiki articles. However again this could lead to behaviour fuelled by regional chauvinism as seen here. I'd be happy to assist where I can. - Parthi talk/contribs 21:18, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
If we only have links to wikis where there's a matching article, and don't add the links automagically, then there's no room for ethnic/regional chauvinism. I think. The problem isn't so much adding the links (it's information, if potentially much too much) as the desire to remove them. Zora 22:48, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
I urge User:Bharatveer to keep within the limits of civility; edits like this are not really helpful in having a civilized, friendly discussion. Let's not launch ad hominem attacks, and keep commenting on other editors without actually commenting on the issue. Thank you. --Ragib 06:00, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
Just to weigh in with my two bits - I think the issue is an important one because the decision taken here will affect other pages too. So far, the options for choice of sripts seem to be as follows: 1) No vernacular script - only IPA 2) Only Devanagri. I think we all agree that this is an incorrect choice. 3) Devanagri and Nastaliq. The argument for this is that "Hindi" movies are essentially in Hindustani, which can be written in either script. The argument against this is that these movies are always referred to as being in Hindi, never in Hindustani. The other argument that Urdu-speakers watch Hindi movies too is irrelevant because this is true of speakers of many other languages. 4) The person's native script. Makes intuitive sense. The downside is that many actors act only in movies made in other languages. What do you do for someone like Simran - a Punjabi who is most famous for acting in Tamil movies - for example? 5) The script of the languages which the person speaks. Impossible to determine with certainty. 6) The script of all languages in which movies have been made featuring this person. Problematic - someone like Riya Sen should have her name written in Devanagri, Bengali, Tamil and Malayalam in that case. 7) Some combination of the above.
Lets have a straw poll here. Gamesmaster G-9 08:15, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
I was told (at the Village Pump) that the results of the previous poll weren't enough to constitute an enforceable policy, so it's unlikely that a new poll would constitute something an admin could enforce. We need a UNIVERSAL policy, not just one for cinema or India-related articles. Zora 10:04, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* Only English and IPA - Parthi talk/contribs 08:30, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* Only English and IPA on top, small box on bottom with scripts if articles in those wikis exist. Zora 09:58, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* Malayali and Tamil at top (in addition to english and IPA). Bakaman Bakatalk 15:43, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* Given the problems with all other options, I believe only English and IPA is the best option, if we are to have a UNIVERSAL option. Again, as an example, what would you propose we do in the case of Simran Bagga and Riya Sen? Gamesmaster G-9 16:37, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* Reply - Riya Sen is Tripuri/Bengali. According to the only active tripuri user on en wikipedia, the Tripuris use Bengali to write their names (the old Kokborok script is extinct). What ethnicity is Simran Bagga? Anyway, just like we do with normal bios, we might as well stick to ethnicity. Apart from users making bad faith accusations of "political ploys/ethnic hatred/etc" and anti-Hindi rants from others, the scripts are hardly controversial. The world is divided by ethnicities who use different scripts to express their words, and wiki merely should reflect the world. Bakaman Bakatalk 01:31, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
* As Zora says below, ethnicity is notoriously difficult to pin down. In fact, I was the one who put Riya Sen's name down in Bangla script, but after this discussion, I am actually thinking of removing it - remember that Riya (unlike her sister, for example), has done most of her work in movies made in languages other than Bangla. Similarly, Simran's chief ethnicity is Punjabi, but she is most well known for her work in Tamil cinema. In both cases, it makes most sense to just stick to English plus IPA. After all, we must ask ourselves what the purpose of including alternate scripts is. Gamesmaster G-9 05:45, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
* But why is it important to display the ethnicity of the subject though the use of vernacular scripts? What value do you add to the English language encyclopedia? Why is ethnicity, race and religion of the subject is important? - Parthi talk/contribs 01:39, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
Ethnicity is NOT a simple matter. Here in Hawai'i, people say things like "I'm a real mixed plate; I've got Hawaiian, Pake, Japanese, Okinawan, Scotts-Irish, and Podagee." So, what ethnicity is that person? You might say that he was "local", but people here can have flaming arguments about who is "local" and who isn't. If a man from Peshawar moved to Kolkata and opened a shop, and married a woman from Dacca, and their daughter married a Parsi man and the young couple moved to Mumbai, and raised a son who spoke English from birth ... what ethnicity is that boy? Ethnicity is an IDEA, not a fact. It's how you choose to describe yourself, and whether or not there is a group that is willing to accept you. B, you can't just assert that this isn't "controversial". It's enormously controversial. Zora 02:40, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
Zora you misjudge the importance of ethnicity in Indian culture. Indians for their part take excessive pride in their caste and etnicity. Word Indian isnt descriptive enough for many of us. I tend to agree with Parthi that we must do away with these vernacular scripts... but goven the number of biographical articles, I s'pect it is going to be an exhaustive task. अमेय आर्यन DaBroodey 12:55, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
* So far as I know, we aren't mentioning caste. I believe that there's already a rule asserting this. As for ethnicity -- I don't think we should be assigning it. If someone asserts that he's Bengali or Marathi, we can put that down, but if he doesn't make any claims, we have no business pigeonholing him. If he wants to be just an Indian, or a Mumbaikar, that's up to him. Zora 00:30, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
* As long as the person's principal identity (if we can identify one), is mentioned, there is no need for the vernacular spelling. In this article, it is mentioned that Balan is Malayali/Tamil, so that should pretty much be that. Gamesmaster G-9 15:49, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
I think we have a sort of an agreement here. The discussion at the Village pump is also leaning towards removing these scripts. If we can draw up a policy for India related articles to disallow vernacular scripts for new articles, we can retrospectively edit the hundreds of Bollywood and India bio articles over a period of time. The main intent of this discussion is to reach an agreement on the use of the vernacular scripts. The consensus seems to point to not using these scripts. - Parthi talk/contribs 19:07, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
* No it doesn't. there are desenters. Only a select few want to remove the scripts. That's not enough. You and zora seem to be the only ones that are gungho about it.--D-Boy 19:05, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
* I propose that we use IPA and ITRANS when writing out the names. These two together provide enough information to back out both the pronounciation and the spelling in the Indic script of your choice. I have already changed Riya Sen and Kajol, and intend to continue. Gamesmaster G-9 00:07, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
Sen is Bengali last name!--D-Boy 18:59, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
* Nonsense - many others including User:Venu62 and User:Utcursch agree with the proposal. Some others also agree partially. To me it seems like we are almost at a consensus, except for the few vociferous dissenters such as yourself. Gamesmaster G-9 23:29, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
I think we should rather stick to the arguments, than apply adjectives to each other. As for the consensus, I don't think enough discussion have been there to enforce a wiki-wide change to remove all scripts from *all* biography articles. Thanks. --Ragib 00:13, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
* I apologise - I didn't mean to be rude. On the matter of wiki-wide changes, this matter is not likely tobe relevant to non-Indians because most countries in the world are mono- or at most bi-lingual. Gamesmaster G-9 00:20, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
* NO, NO, NO, a million times no. Here in Hawai'i, my condo association was handing out a newsletter translated into Japanese, Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean, and Vietnamese. Our state has two "official" languages, English and Hawaiian, and one unofficial language, pidgin, which is a mashup of words from many languages. Most other US states host several different languages. Per Languages of China, Chinese citizens speak dozens of different languages. Per [[Languages of Iran, Iranians also speak dozens. Ditto Russia. In Switzerland people speak German, French, Italian, and various dialects thereof. Spain has Spanish, Basque, Catalan, and I don't know what else. The only countries in which one language is spoken are very very small ones. (Heck, even in the small country of Tonga, where I lived for a few years, there was Tongan and then there was the dialect of Niua Fo'ou, which differed in many ways from standard Tongan.) Languistic chauvinism and ethnic/religious conflct aren't unique to India. Zora 09:15, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
Indians use a variety of scripts other than Urdu. If we go on that way, we would be publishing something similar to Indian currency note or nycil powder with a zillion transliterations. So, in my opinion, its better to use the transliteration in Native script and if possible in Devnagari as it is the script mostly used in India and Bollywood. However, I find this argument a bit useless as pakistanis do not allow the transliteration of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in Gujrati or Devnagari in his page and zora does not seem to give a damn about it.
* That logic (bi-lingual) applies to Indians who are Bengalis too. I assume there is no disagreement over having the Bengali script written in Rabindranath Tagore. The only bone of contention seem to be Hindi cinema-related biographies, and people from a multi-lingual region. So, does the proposal of removing all scripts apply to only such articles? If not, this is applicable to all biography articles from Non-English speaking countries/persons. Thanks. --Ragib 00:25, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
* The man is a bengali. His name should be in Bengali.--D-Boy 18:23, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
* I hold that if there is no objection to any inclusion, then it should go ahead. If it were possible to identify every Indian with a single language, then I would have supported the move to include vernacular scripts. Unfortunately, once you allow this rule, I can see people will tout one language above another. Thats why I am wary of agreeing with your suggestion. Gamesmaster G-9 01:09, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
Caste categories
Exactly why is a "Brahmins" category here? Consensus was to delete all the useless caste categories, and listify them. See Wikipedia_talk:Notice_board_for_India-related_topics/archive18. Bakaman Bakatalk 15:43, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
* delete them!--D-Boy 04:46, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
Vidya is not a malyali!
If u ppl are not aware,although her native place is in Kerala,she is not a malyalee.Her mother-tongue is Tamizh. Sarvabhaum 13:46, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
* She herself has confirmed in several interview, most notably when she was on Simi Garewal's show, that she is part Tamil and Malayali. -- Hariharan91 06:59, 5 December 2006 (UTC)
-- Nope. You are wrong. And many think Palghat Iyers as half Malyali and Half Tamil. Actually, I myself a Palghat iyer, we migrated from Tanjore delta in Tamil nadu and settled in Palghat. The Tamil we speak has Malayalam accent and may be that is causing confusion to many. Palghat Iyers marry with in palghat Iyers or Tamil Nadu iyers. There is no Malayalee Iyer community in Kerala. Kerala brahmins are called Namboodhri and they don't marry Iyers. Guess this would clarify. And on more... Iyers and Iyengars are Tamils basically, the difference is.. former follows Saivaite sect and the later Vaishnavaite sect and they don't iner marry.
Vidya's Name in Parineeta
Shocked to found her name spelled as "Lolita" in movie Parineeta. Since this page is locked I can not change it, someone with enough privillages please change it to Lalitha.
Wasn't it Lolita though? --<IP_ADDRESS> 15:52, 15 December 2006 (UTC)
* Nope, it was "Lalita", which is pronounced in Bangla as "Law-lee-ta". Gamesmaster G-9 17:35, 15 December 2006 (UTC)
* in the book by Chaterjee it's spelled Lolita -
Vidya in MegaStar Chiranjeevi Film
Vidya Balan is chosen to act with MegaStar Chiranjeevi film 'ShankarDada Zindabad' that is going to be Telugu remake of Bollywood block buster 'Laghe Raho Munnabhai'. The combination looks good. It is definitely going to rock the Telugu world. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:18, 23 December 2006 (UTC).
Remove protection
why is this page still protected? It has been one month. everybody understands that this page should have Malayali and Devanagari ( Hindi ) scripts. Urdu is disputed. so please at least leave Malayali and Devanagari ( Hindi ) scripts in the article. The dispute about urdu can be resolved later. <IP_ADDRESS> 14:56, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
Age Issue
I have heard she was born earlier than 1982 - she's really 29 or so (as of 2007) In an interview she said she won't discuss her age, which I found odd. She's one of my favorite actresses, so I am not trying to bash her, but just wondering.Mywikieditor2007 14:34, 30 March 2007 (UTC)
-Vidya is actually 33 (born in 1975). If you remember she was somewhere around 21 while doing Hum Paanch. Considering that hum paanch aired in 1995 vidya must be around 33 now.... —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lordoftherealm (talk • contribs) 05:18, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
Well
The recent removals made by Active Banana were well-intentioned, but unjustified. The role of Silk Smitha, her second real-life character is properly sourced in the article. As for the costars and the film's stories, there's nothing wrong with that. It can always be useful to write who her costars are and how the films were received, and this is perfectly sourced, so there's nothing to prove. Shahid • Talk 2 me 15:44, 26 May 2011 (UTC)
* "how the films were recieved" is completely unacceptable without sourcing. Active Banana (bananaphone 17:21, 26 May 2011 (UTC)
* Correct. But it's sourced. Shahid • Talk 2 me 17:45, 26 May 2011 (UTC)
* And i disagree about the inclusion of co-stars. What does it tell us about the subject of the article? Nothing. Without some third party sourcing indicating something about the co-star being in the same film having outside impact (like bradgelina in Mr. & Mrs. Smith or long lasting film partnerships of Cosby & Hope in "The Road to ...." movies, or the actor later stating that "I learned so much about acting from being in X movie with actor Y" or the actor later joining with co-star to write and produce a film because they clicked on the set, or some long lasting public fued that started on set) otherwise for the purposes of an article about this actor it is just fame by association. Active Banana (bananaphone 17:28, 26 May 2011 (UTC)
* Can't really agree. It may not be necessary, but it's essential information. According to me, it does add a lot of value. In this case, the fact that she played the mother of Amitabh Bachchan, whose children are her seniors, is important. Shahid • Talk 2 me 17:45, 26 May 2011 (UTC)
* WHAT does it tell us? Any analysis and commentary needs to be from third party sources, not Wikipedia editors placing choice bits in a row to make the reader come to some conclusion. Active Banana (bananaphone 20:40, 26 May 2011 (UTC)
* We do not make our readers come to conclusions. We just present facts. There is nothing wrong with mentioning costars from time to time. As I said, it's essential info. And it's really no big deal for me to have a long debate about that. It's acceptable and there's nothing wrong with it, period. Shahid • Talk 2 me 07:45, 27 May 2011 (UTC)
* Again, attempting to place selected items to lead readers to come to a certain conclusion is a violation of WP:SYN. Active Banana (bananaphone 14:47, 3 June 2011 (UTC)
Script
In the past there were several edit wars on the article with different users changing the script from Malayalam to Tamil and vice versa. As a result all the scipts have been removed and a note was added (not by me) NOT to add any scripts. According to Balan, her mother tongue os both Tamil and Malayalam. There's been peace on this page, do not bring back the wars. Shahid • Talk 2 me 08:37, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* The article doesn't mention her saying that her mother tongue is "both Tamil and Malayalam". She only says that we speak a mix of both Tamil and Malayalam. The mother tongue of Palakkad Iyers is Tamil and the Tamil they speak has slight mix of Malayalam. -- Commander (Ping Me) 12:00, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* "we speak a mix of both Tamil and Malayalam" means they speak both Tamil and Malayalam in equal parts, and "home" is mother tongue in a certain way. Let it be, as already mentioned by Bollyjeff, scripts are too divisive. Shahid • Talk 2 me 21:24, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* Hi.Look I bring up a valid claim and the correct change to be made in wikipedia such that its info are proper and right one. User Shahid • Talk 2 me Plz find yourself that since you had some bad time with others why take all the same. I do edit based on the truth and want wikipedia also to stay in true content. Ok. why should I make up a fight here, if I bring genuine reasons and trying to explain you all who object this simply to hide the truth and ignore the important fact. Try to understand it first. We all here for some purpose. And I feel I am doing that. Thats's it. There are enough sources and references says she is a tamilian by birth. Although Palakkad in kerala, they are referred to as Tamils. And so her mother tongue is ONLY Tamil. Practically think TWICE since the settlement happened some years ago, practically people living there will be bound to speak a little Malayalam. That is natural. But you cant say becoz of this her mother tongue is "Malayalam and Tamil". If tamil tag is added to her name, why you guys see it as if it is a crime. Plz make familiarize yourself with the fact of the matter. Be genuine and accept the right change. Dont be rude and aggressive in ignoring important modifications & corrections like this one.
Sources: http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos-news/Photos-Cinema/meettheallnewvidya/Article4-492685.aspx http://www.facebook.com/pages/Vidyabalan/135477859863158 http://bollyworld.net/bollywood-profiles/vidya-balans-profile/ http://www.bollywoodvillage.com/index.php?option=com_celebrity&view=celebrity&task=detail&id=163 http://www.jointscene.com/artists/Bollywood/Vidya_Balan/252 http://www.chakpak.com/moviepedia/bollywood-actress/1268 http://www.facebook.com/notes/celebrity-pictures/vidya-balan-spicy-pictures/132486496500
* Also note in Tamil people Geographic distribution section, People who got settled in Palakkad are treated as Tamils. If some people are not aware of this, its right call for them to listen with others or do their own BASIC research and try to get the point explained and make the necessary change in the article, giving Wikipedia a better place for true facts and data. Ungal Vettu Pillai (talk) 02:10, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
* First, you started your comment with a full speech that is unnecessary and irrelevant to the issue. Second, all the sources you've cited are unreliable (please familiarise yourself with WP:RS), and the only one that's supposedly reliable is Hindustan Times, the text of which is copied directly from WP itself. So not a single source in your list is useful. The most important proof is what Balan herself says, by the way, and this was given in my source. I honestly couldn't care less about what her mother tongue is (although you are clearly ignoring the link I have cited above in which she says she speaks a mix of both at home). What I do care about is the fact that this article's script issue has been a great reason for even greater edit wars in the past. Someone would add Tamil and someone would add Malayalam, then someone would delete this or that and it was tiresome. To bring back this, oh no no, it's not done. In doing so, you, Keyan20, went in violation of WP:CON, and could get yourself in trouble. In the article it is already said that her family is Tamil speaking (which will be checked). I personally am against the addition of script, it is the English WP anyway - scripts are not necessary at all, and it maybe important only to those who have some obsession with it. Shahid • Talk 2 me 10:53, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
* Hi.First I believe you think to yourself that what you do or like should be the final, leaving behind others explanation & sticking to your own rules and policies. It is 100% certain, I made it very very clear and detailed that She is a Tamilian by birth & so her mother tongue is Tamil and why are you guys totally trying to ignore this important fact and skipping it wan-tingly to avoid it, completely. Don't try to ignore facts and make people cheated. Why should I be in trouble if I make right calls and true edits in Wikipedia. Better you revise yourself and try to learn what others say and explain. I think once you set yourself, you won't change even after proving facts and data. Is that so??. "I honestly couldn't care less about what her mother tongue is" --- clearly says, you won't accept changes or allow people to edit because of your liking. Don't try to make faults one me and divert your actions. You yourself know that She and her family are Tamil-Iyer people and still you wont allow to make changes. This is very very bad and please don't set yourself a bad remark and also Wikipedia for not allowing true changes to be made here. It is seriously high time to think can there be any justice done here until some true Wikipedians exist and allow to do true works here.
* How silly you are and saying "Someone would add Tamil and someone would add Malayalam, then someone would delete this or that and it was tiresome." In that case, are you trying to say, that this page won't get any updates and modifications in future?? So you want this page to be like this for-ever with all improper & incorrect facts. That's why I say, you are blocking all true edits and not allowing changes here. If anybody adds other scripts try to explain them and cite the true fact that I am explaining now or protect this page just like other pages. Simply for this reason, you wont allow edits means that is very very bad, worst. Please someone take care of this dominance shown by these editors. Ungal Vettu Pillai (talk) 03:32, 11 August 2011 (UTC)
* First of all, I do not own this page, and the first sentence of your recent message is just an invention of yours. I do not want everything I say to be the last word, actually that's why I started this discussion. Secondly, please mind your language. Thirdly, there's nothing to explain to someone as Balan herself says she speaks a mix of Tamil and Malayalam at home. The scripts actually were not removed by me. It was another editor who did it and added the hidden note (which you for some reason decided to ignore). I want more people to participate in this discussion, so that we have a broader number of opinions. Shahid • Talk 2 me 10:17, 11 August 2011 (UTC)
I'm not concerned with the script issues, but I don't think it's wise to mention that Tamil and Malayalam as her mother tongue. Balan saying that "we speak a mix of Tamil and Malayalam" doesn't make Malayalam as her mother tongue. In Tamil Nadu a lot of Telugu speaking people also speak Tamil to some extent at home, but that doesn't make Tamil as their mother tongue. -- Commander (Ping Me) 12:54, 11 August 2011 (UTC)
Mother tongue
According to this source, Vidya Balan herself states that her mother tongue is Tamil and she speaks "Palghat Tamil" (Slight mix of Malayalam). I think it's wise to include her name only in Tamil. -- Commander (Ping Me) 01:59, 20 August 2011 (UTC)
* It's not at all said. She said her Tamil is Palghat Tamil and that's all. And maybe that's this mix which is sourced to The Hindu article? Please do not ignore that she speaks at home "a mix of Malayalam and Tamil". That can't be overlooked, and that was the reason the scripts were removed. Shahid • Talk 2 me 09:13, 20 August 2011 (UTC)
* Wt about other Tamil Keralites?? Secret of success (Talk) 14:29, 20 August 2011 (UTC)
* She might speak Malayalam, but it's nowhere stated that Malayalam is the mother tongue. -- Commander (Ping Me) 14:36, 20 August 2011 (UTC)
* Well, the question is what's her mother tongue. She is a Palakkad Iyer. The mother tongue of Palakkad Iyer is Tamil. She rightly says Palakkad Tamil, that is a Tamil dialect that has Malayalam influence, like there exists a Kongu Tamil, a Madras Tamil, a Madurai Tamil or an Iyengar Tamil. She says Palakkad Tamil, not Palakkad Malayalam! If you asked for her monther tongue, it's clearly Tamil, so her name should be added in Tamil script. Johannes003 (talk) 15:59, 31 August 2011 (UTC)
Johannes003 is so worried about linguistic aspects. Please be logical, rather than getting carried away by your love for your language.
* There is an article about Kerala Iyers. So, it is very appropriate to put the link of Kerala Iyers, while describing Vidya's community.
* The article clearly says that "According to Balan, they speak at home "a mix of Malayalam and Tamil", but she is also well versed in Hindi, English and Bengali". This is well enough to convey the information about her linguistic abilities. Why you are insisting to add the word Tamilian in the article? Please be logical here.
* The place where Vidya was born is a village named Ottapalam and not in Palakkad town. Ottapalam is around 40kms from Palakkad town. Ottappalam is also not near TN border. So, in the infobox, the birthplace should be Ottappalam, and not Palakkad.
* Since she is working in Hindi films, and is very popular in Hindi, it is logical to add her name in Hindi also. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:35, 7 September 2011 (UTC)
* You will have to cite sources for Ottapalam. Scripts - only for the mother tongue. What's her mother tongue? Needs sources. Shahid • Talk 2 me 06:48, 7 September 2011 (UTC)
Okay guys, we have yet to find a source with Vidya Balan saying what her mother tongue is. This will have to be really worked upon. Till then - no scripts. We cannot engage in daily reverts which only hamper the developement of the article. I've already started expanding it a time back, and I don't think I'd be able to with such problems. Shahid • Talk 2 me 06:47, 7 September 2011 (UTC)
* Okay, I give it up. I have explained in detail what her mother tongue is what that line - a mix of Malayalam and Tamil - means, but looks like some anonymous user doesn't even try to understand that. Why am I insisting to add Tamilian, god, because she is! I can speak Tamil, English, German, Dutch, French, so what? How are "linguistic abilities" by any means related to someone's ethnicity or mother tongue, please dear user, you have to explain me that! And I am being accused of being a "linguistic fanatic! And she is not from Kerala Iyer community, where does she say so? Anyway, I don't mind removing the scripts till even the last man on earth is convinced! Johannes003 (talk) 11:34, 7 September 2011 (UTC)
* Dear Johannes, I personally have full trust in both you and Vensatry. I reverted myself, and I think as of now we can base the script on the TOI source which says her mother tongue is Tamil (although it's not a quote). Meanwhile, I will try to find some interview in which she talks about her mother tongue. This entire discussion as well as the previous one should definitely be considered a consensus that only a Tamil script should be there, and if anyone, including the anon, adds another script, he will be reverted. It might also be useful to ask for page protection. Thank you. Shahid • Talk 2 me 13:20, 7 September 2011 (UTC)
* Hey Shahid, I know that you would understand, but not everyone is as clever and insightful as you. If you want to remove the script until it's 100% proven, fair enough, I have no problem with that. Thank you all the same! Johannes003 (talk) 14:21, 7 September 2011 (UTC)
Do you have citations that she is not from Kerala Iyer community? The mother tongue is a mix of Malayalam and Tamil. Hence both scripts should stay. Also, why are you reverting the addition of Ottapalam in the infobox? Do not complicate things. Please answer point by point. Pasting my points/questions again. Now, I have removed all scripts from the article. Till a consensus is reached here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:23, 8 September 2011 (UTC)
* There is an article about Kerala Iyers. So, it is very appropriate to put the link of Kerala Iyers, while describing Vidya's community.
* The article clearly says that "According to Balan, they speak at home "a mix of Malayalam and Tamil", but she is also well versed in Hindi, English and Bengali". This is well enough to convey the information about her linguistic abilities. Why you are insisting to add the word Tamilian in the article? Please be logical here.
* The place where Vidya was born is a village named Ottapalam and not in Palakkad town. Ottapalam is around 40kms from Palakkad town. Ottappalam is also not near TN border. So, in the infobox, the birthplace should be Ottappalam, and not Palakkad.
* Since she is working in Hindi films, and is very popular in Hindi, it is logical to add her name in Hindi also. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:19, 8 September 2011 (UTC)
* Sorry, there is consensus already and three editors agree on the same. There's also a source saying her mother tongue is Tamil. Need no more. Shahid • Talk 2 me 08:51, 8 September 2011 (UTC)
* Comment to IP What are you trying to say? If she is a Kerala Iyer, what is the need for her to speak Tamil. Think logically. -- Commander (Ping Me) 12:00, 8 September 2011 (UTC)
Yuu may first be aware about the facts rather than going with your linguistic fanatism. Kerala Iyers are Iyers settled in Kerala. Their mother tongue was Tamil, and a new generation speaks more Malayalam than Tamil. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:11, 13 September 2011 (UTC)
* When she herself has stated that her mother tongue is Tamil, whats your problem? Secret of success (Talk) 11:19, 13 September 2011 (UTC)
* I'm aware of that. She is well known as a Palakkad Iyer rather than a Kerala Iyer. Not all Kerala Iyers are Palakkad Iyers. You are the one who is trying to promote your linguistic fanaticism and no one else. -- Commander (Ping Me) 14:38, 13 September 2011 (UTC)
Dear sir, please understand that Palakkad is in Kerala. Kerala Iyers are divided in to two: Travancore Iyers and Palakkad Iyers. Please read the article about Kerala Iyers. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:21, 15 September 2011 (UTC)
* Dear IP, looks like you haven't got my point. It would be better if you read my previous comment once again. -- Commander (Ping Me) 08:51, 15 September 2011 (UTC)
* It looks like the IP editor has exhibited problematic behavior on many occasions. Just have a look at his talk page and contributions. S/he looks more of like a POV pusher. -- Commander (Ping Me) 09:01, 15 September 2011 (UTC)
* I have added a source (published by Hindu) which states clearly that she is a Tamil girl from Palakkad Iyer community. Do we still need any more sources ? -- Commander (Ping Me) 09:41, 15 September 2011 (UTC)
* I guess not. Palakkad Iyers may speak more Malayalam, but they are officially recogonized by the government as Tamils. Just add the script and semi-protect the page for some time. Secret of success (Talk) 08:16, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
Reaction to The Dirty Picture
According to Hindustan Times, the film got universal acclaim from critics. Here are the reviews and comments about Vidya:
* The Hindu: "Vidya Balan performs with an attitude that Scarlett may never be capable of. This is the single-most boldest performance by a woman in the history of Indian cinema not because of the reels of cleavage, in almost every frame in fact, but because of the large frame she flaunts and carries off on screen in an age where heroines are called fat if they cannot maintain a size zero figure. Vidya apparently put on 12 kilos for this film and they all show. It needs some amount of guts and sass to pull it off and she sizzles in this role tailor-made to show off her acting chops."
* HT (Mayank Shekhar): "Looking at the one playing the female protagonist here, Vidya Balan – Paa, Ishqiya, No One Killed Jessica, and this – it appears, that change could well originate from the leading lady instead. This is Balan’s, or for that matter any contemporary Bollywood heroine's, ballsiest role so far."
* Rajeev Masand: "Despite the film’s shortcomings, you go the distance for Vidya Balan, who’s riveting as Silk. She plays the part with gusto – it’s a rare performance, one that’s this brave and uninhibited. Vidya pushes the envelope in the way she bares herself both physically and emotionally. Watch how she stops traffic by dancing on the bonnet of a car to disrupt a party she isn’t invited to, or the scene in which she saucily lounges naked in a bathtub while giving an interview to a journalist. Vidya’s lack of vanity and complete surrender to her craft reinforces why she’s miles ahead of her contemporaries."
* Rediff (Raja Sen): "It's a very demanding part, and Balan shows that she's worthy of both wolf-whistles and applause. It's a dazzling performance -- and a remarkably brave one, considering we live in a country so cinematically repressed that an actress wearing a bikini top in her next film is worthy of page one in every national daily. Constantly convincing, Balan proves so dynamic that she even makes her parts of the tinny SalimJaved-lite dialogues work. There is a lot of talk of legitimizing the lewd and the hypocrisy of audiences and critics, and Balan might as well be talking about herself in this film, and not Silk, and she delivers the lines in fiery style. She's a treat."
* Rediff (Sukanya Verma): "Vidya lends her so much transparency, aplomb and sauciness, the outcome is far more awe-inspiring than it deserves to be."
* Times of India: "It goes without saying that the film belongs to Vidya Balan and she does absolute justice in playing her part to perfection. Not only is she bold in terms of her body language, she comes up with an audacious act and brings out the inner turmoil and pathos of her character effortlessly."
* Times of India (Nikhat Kazmi): "She gives a towering performance as the protagonist who remains unapologetic about her life till the very end. The high point of her act is the fact that despite portraying a sex bomb, her sexuality never ever gets vulgar and crude. Instead, there is an endearing quality to her attempts to shock and awe a staid society that thrives on the fake."
* India Today: "Vidya much like the part she plays is the only actress who can give not only the heroines but also the heroes a run for their money. She is shamelessly sexy - sticking her tongue out lusciously, heaving her bulging cleavage, rolling on a bed faking an orgasm and then she is equally audacious in her downfall. Not just mental but the harder one for Indian actresses - physical. She lets it all hang out emotion and belly. I can't think of another actress who's allowed herself to look this brilliantly ugly in every way. Take a bow Ms Balan - you are here to stay long after beauty and vanity bids the others goodbye."
* India Today2: "Well, get ready for a force of nature performance in Vidya Balan."
* Deccan Chronicle (Khalid Mohamed): "She’s extraordinary: gutsy, consistently in character and unafraid of exposing her darker side. Here’s the kind of complex performance which you haven’t evidenced in years and years. This award-winning act bookended by her contrasting portrayal in No One Killed Jessica, reaffirms her as the finest artiste on the scene today. No contest!"
* mid-day: "A standing ovation to this lady, who bites into this once in a lifetime role with such passion that she becomes Silk. So much so, that she might just be capable of bringing in the much needed changes in the power equations of Bollywood, if only she is given enough chances to do so."
* DNA India: "And Vidya brings all that -- the flamboyance, the sensuality, the heartbreak -- to her role (and without coming across even a tad vulgar)."
* Shahid • Talk 2 me 13:59, 2 December 2011 (UTC)
* The Express and Mumbai Mirror do not agree. X.One SOS 07:26, 4 December 2011 (UTC)
* Do not agree with what? They totally praise Vidya's performance. Shahid • Talk 2 me 08:47, 4 December 2011 (UTC)
* Yes, but they do not talk positively about the film as a whole. X.One SOS 10:10, 4 December 2011 (UTC)
Mentioning Caste
Dear Editors! There has been a discussion on India Portal related to mentioning of caste of subjects. The point is that mentioning caste of people, who have nothing to do with their caste, is found to be unnecessary by few editors. Hence the caste of the subject person needs to be deleted from the biography. I am not deleting the caste as of now but am only posting this here so that the regular editors of this article are well aware of it beforehand and no edit-wars take place. For details of discussion held on the portal please refer Wikipedia_talk:Noticeboard_for_India-related_topics. Your views if any are welcome there or even here. And.... as the reasons of exclusion of caste pointed out were "irrelavant to notability of subject person", "privacy of the subject person", "inclusion of caste is like branding individuals", etc. other information included in the article which also fall under these cases will also be removed after discussions. Examples of it included religion, non-notable spouse's and children's and parents' information, previous occupation, lived in places, non-notability related educational qualification, etc. Your views on this are also welcome here or at the India portal. -Animeshkulkarni (talk) 17:25, 1 January 2012 (UTC)
* Not here, please. There is a community discussion taking place at WT:INB and I would advise people to read the entire discussion before forming an opinion because the above summary is incorrect. Nothing more need be said here. - Sitush (talk) 02:12, 4 January 2012 (UTC)
Recent Edits on Awards and Honors,Filmography...
Recently, I have made contributions those are not non-constructive edit, I have provided reliable sources for each that means whatever i have added, are 100% true So there should not be any reason for reverting, Please my edits should not be reverted any more, Thank You Greatuser (talk) 10:28, 11 November 2012 (UTC)
* Hi. First, you are a very good editor, and have been improving briskly. And there is no doubt about your good intention in this particular case either. However, the reason why we are advocating against a separate section on awards is as follows.
* All the major awards have already been mentioned in the text of the article. The awards are mentioned following the mention of respective films that she did. So, adding a section merely enumerating the awards would be rather repetitive.
* Moreover, there is already [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Vidya_Balan an article ] on the awards and nominations of Balan. And that list is linked under Filmography of this article.
* one more point. While you are adding the references in an acceptable way, for featured articles references need to follow a pattern. They need to be consistent in minor details such as the use of capital letters. While you are following usual rule to add new references, they do not necessarily follow the intricate stylistic issues that are already being followed in this article. So, you need to be even more cautios.
* Now, all these being said, I am not personally against adding a section on awards on any bio articles. But in this case, especially with the featured article candidacy running, I think it would be better not to add that section.--Dwaipayan (talk) 19:14, 11 November 2012 (UTC)
"She initially drew criticism for her weight and dress sense" in lede - how? could this be clarified in lede?
How was her weight criticized - why not say for her fluctuating weight (or what ever the issue is)? Also, what is "dress sense" mean? Could you clarify in lede since otherwise the reader has to wade down into the article to figure this out. Thanks, MathewTownsend (talk) 14:36, 11 December 2012 (UTC)
* Right. I get your point. Clarified. -- smaro jit (buzz me) 14:52, 11 December 2012 (UTC)
Why was this article not up for main page nomination for 1 January?
The date, being her birthday would have been much more appropriate, and would have not been that far away either! Why was this article not nominated for that date? TheOriginalSoni (talk) 08:30, 14 December 2012 (UTC)
* It was. But following a discussion, this article was chosen as it has a better relevance on New Year's Day. And Balan's article is now being featured on her wedding day, which is even better. -- smaro jit (buzz me) 08:40, 14 December 2012 (UTC)
* Oh. Alright. Thats sounds great too! TheOriginalSoni (talk) 08:56, 14 December 2012 (UTC)
Awards merge
* 1) Oppose - It is way too long to merge here. Why would you even consider it? BollyJeff | talk 13:45, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* 2) Oppose - I also oppose it because the award article is long enough, and soon it also is going to be a FLC nominee Greatuser (talk) 14:19, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* 3) Oppose - Given the size of the parent article and the awards page (considering the fact that she has received 40+ awards) it's practicable to warrant a standalone article for the awards page. — Vensatry (Ping me) 14:59, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
* 4) Oppose - Per above. -- smaro jit <sup style="color:green;">(buzz me) 04:38, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
* 5) Oppose As explained above.--Dwaipayan (talk) 06:26, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
language films -> cinema
In the lead section it links Hindi, Bengali and Malayalam to the various cinema industries but use of the links is in the context of the languages. Hindi, bengali and Malayalam should be linked to language or language films should be changed to cinema, Thank You <font style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#ED791A 0em 0em 0.8em,#F55220 -0.8em -0.8em 0.9em,#1D6B00 0.7em 0.7em 0.8em;color:#000000">A Great User ✉ ✉ 06:17, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
* Yea, I don't understand the point of this edit. What exactly are you proposing? Hindi, Malayalam and Bengali all link to their respective film industries, and the sentence mentions that she has acted in films of these three languages. -- smaro jit <sup style="color:green;">(buzz me) 06:22, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
* One of this edit must be contributed to article
* who appears in Hindi, Bengali, and Malayalam cinema. OR who appears in Hindi, Bengali, and Malayalam language films <font style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#ED791A 0em 0em 0.8em,#F55220 -0.8em -0.8em 0.9em,#1D6B00 0.7em 0.7em 0.8em;color:#000000">A Great User ✉ ✉ 07:30, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
* The latter is better. Why do you want to change it anyway? -- smaro jit <sup style="color:green;">(buzz me) 07:35, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
Edit request on 20 February 2013
Kindly Change "P R Balan, currently VP of ETC India" to "P R Balan, currently Executive Vice-President - Corporate Affairs and HR Head of Digicable Network (India) Pvt. Ltd."
Pyarebalan (talk) 05:16, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. —C.Fred (talk) 05:20, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
Edit request on 20 February 2013
Please change year of birth from 1978 to 1979. Please change place of birth from Ottappalam (Kerala) to Chembur (Mumbai).
Pyarebalan (talk) 05:09, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. —C.Fred (talk) 05:20, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
* Actually I found a reference in here. So changed it in the article.--Dwaipayan (talk) 16:03, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
Surname
I am really wondered about the prevalent usage of the subject's Patronymic name (Balan) in this article. Generally, South Indians don't affix family surnames. In this case, Balan is the name of her father and not a family name. Taking into consideration of the fact that she is a South Indian, shouldn't she be referred to as Vidya? — Vensatry (Ping me) 10:44, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
* Hmmm interesting point. But since "Balan" has been adopted as her last name (even though it's her dad's name and not her family name), is there any reason for change. -- smaro jit <sup style="color:green;">(buzz me) 11:20, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
* Adopted by whom? I see a majority of sources calling her "Vidya" rather than "Balan". — Vensatry (Ping me) 12:28, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
* No, majority of sources does not call her vidya only. She appears in movie credits as Vidya Balan. And since she is an actor, the way she appears in film credits is perhaps the way she wants to be known/is known.--Dwaipayan (talk) 13:43, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
* No am not at all questioning about the name of the article. My question is with regards to the surname usage in this article. — Vensatry (Ping me) 15:47, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
She was born in a Tamil Family.
I would like to have an explanation from the user for reverting my edit. My edit was properly sourced but still it was removed, why? <font face="Monotype corsiva" size="4" style="color:#000000;color:blue">P earll's S un TALK 13:25, 4 October 2013 (UTC)
* Because the fact that she speaks both Tamil and Malayalam at home has been sourced and mentioned. Also, the article has passed FA as is. -- smaro jit HD 15:34, 4 October 2013 (UTC)
Speaking a language at home doesn't necessarily mean a mother tongue, yes that line was source and the other line i included was also properly sourced, her mother tongue needs to be mentioned in the article. I fail to understand why FA should prevent an article from being edited? Wikipedia is where people edit to make the article better. <font face="Monotype corsiva" size="4" style="color:#000000;color:blue">P earll's S un TALK 16:40, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
I'm making the necessary changes to the article, and if you feel that something needs to be done to improve that please feel free to do the same. Thanks. <font face="Monotype corsiva" size="4" style="color:#000000;color:blue">P earll's S un TALK 17:38, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
* Please wait for consensus from other editors. I don't think that any changes are required at the moment, as the language(s) she speaks at home is pretty clear. But let's wait for what other editors have to say about this. -- smaro jit HD 17:49, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
Well, i'm waiting. But since if someone says that i speak Russian at home doesn't mean that I'm a Russian, if you look above there is a detailed discussion about her Mother tongue and it was left undecided as a proper source at that moment didn't exist, now we have one and yes, i think that this change is required in the article as anything regarding someones identity is a must. <font face="Monotype corsiva" size="4" style="color:#000000;color:blue">P earll's S un TALK 18:05, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
* It's clear from the sources that the actress hails from a Palghat Iyer family. Just like other Kerala Iyers, the mother tongue of these people is Tamil. The Tamil they speak at home has a slight mix of Malayalam. But that doesn't necessarily mean Tamil is not their native language. — Vensatry (Ping me) 17:08, 24 November 2013 (UTC)
Reader feedback: this page needs a lot more p...
<IP_ADDRESS> posted this comment on 17 July 2013 (view all feedback).
"this page needs a lot more pictures and information"
Any thoughts?
- <font color="#ffffff"> sms - <font color="#000">talk 14:14, 14 February 2014 (UTC)
* This is very vague. The article has been thoroughly researched and all the important information has been provided. Also, there are 7 pictures in the article. -- kri muk 90 04:30, 15 February 2014 (UTC)
Protected edit request on 3 March 2014
change birth place- puthur,palakad. ottapalam is not correct
Jomjjose (talk) 15:44, 3 March 2014 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. -- Red rose64 (talk) 16:04, 3 March 2014 (UTC)
Protected edit request on 3 March 2014
The birth place of Vidya Balan is not Ottapalam. Actual Place is Poothamkurissi, Puthoor, Near Palakkad Town, Kerala. She is mentioned about this mistake in Wikipedia article in Sunday Supplement of Malayala Manorama daily from Kerala on 02 March 2014. Please do necessary changes... Thanks in advance..
Mr.anoopthomas (talk) 16:04, 3 March 2014 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. -- Red rose64 (talk) 16:05, 3 March 2014 (UTC)
Place of Birth
The place of her birth was changed by me, but was reverted hereby user:Krimuk90. Probably I should have given an english translation of the quote in the reference. I will give the translation of the statement given by Vidya Balan in the interview.. "അഭിമുഖത്തിനൊരുങ്ങുമ്പോൾ വിദ്യ രണ്ട് ഉപാധികൾ വച്ചു. "എന്റെ നാട് ഒറ്റപ്പാലമല്ല. പാലക്കാട് പുത്തൂർ പൂതംകുറിശ്ശിയാണ് എന്നെഴുതണം. വിക്കിപ്പീഡിയയിൽ അങ്ങനെ ഒരു തെറ്റുണ്ട്. മനോരമ അത് തിരുത്തണം. അച്ഛനും അമ്മയുമുള്ള കുടുംബചിത്രം പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിക്കണം""
* The quote in malayalam:
"While getting ready for the interview, Vidya put forward two conditions. "Ottappalam is not my native place. You should specify that it is Puthur Puthamkurissy in Palakkad. There is such a mistake in Wikipedia. Manorama should correct that mistake, and publish a family photograph with my parents."" --Drajay1976 (talk) 04:50, 3 March 2014 (UTC)
* Translation:
* Interesting. This should definitely be included if she said it herself. But there are many sources in the internet that said Ottappalam and that's why it was mentioned in the article. Any input from other editors? -- KRIMUK 90 ✉ 05:09, 3 March 2014 (UTC)
* Another point. The same mistake was there in the Malayalam Wikipedia article (ml:വിദ്യ ബാലൻ) about the actress. That was corrected citing the same reference (ref no 5 in the article). The issue is that this particular article is not available online. --Drajay1976 (talk) 06:11, 3 March 2014 (UTC)
* Yeah, thanks for notifying us. The article has been fully protected, so I can't edit it. Let's hear what other editors have to say, reach a consensus, and then ask an admin to make the required changes. -- KRIMUK 90 ✉ 06:26, 3 March 2014 (UTC)
Place of birth needs to be changed to Puthoor Puthamkurissy in Palakkad District of Kerala, which is incorrectly mentioned as Ottapalam in Palakkad. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Satishrk (talk • contribs) 08:59, 3 March 2014 (UTC)
* is there an English version of Manorama that has published this interview? Since this is the English Wiki, it would be much better to have one. Cheers! -- KRIMUK 90 ✉ 08:59, 6 March 2014 (UTC)
Krimuk90, sorry, I could not find an English Version. --Drajay1976 (talk) 17:29, 9 March 2014 (UTC)
* No issues. Thanks a lot for the providing the original source. Much appreciated. :) -- KRIMUK 90 ✉ 03:32, 10 March 2014 (UTC)
"Vidya" vs "Balan"
Is there any source saying that Balan is a patronymic and that the subject should be called Vidya? This is weird for a few reasons: her father's name is PR Balan, her mother's name is Saraswathi Balan and (more importantly) in the first three references of the article (I did not go further), I can see she is referred to as Balan: Are we not supposed to do what the sources do? Halet Hob (talk) 17:25, 7 April 2015 (UTC)
* 1) "...and Balan was her first choice as Silk"
* 2) "For one, Balan is hoping that the director..."
* 3) "Balan made her Hindi film debut with Pradeep Sarkar..."
* , who made these changes, might be able to explain this better. I am not familiar with patronymic naming conventions. -- Krimuk | 90 ( talk ) 01:51, 8 April 2015 (UTC)
* The answer for Balan being a patronymic name lies in your question itself. Our policies clearly don't outline about the usage of surnames in articles, especially for an Indian perspective. I can show you many sources which call her "Vidya". Please check with the rest of the references too. — Vensatry (ping) 08:30, 8 April 2015 (UTC)
* We do have WP:LASTNAME that tells us very clearly to use the last name. Is it not peculiar that we use "Vidya" while in our very article there are quotes that say "An acting revelation is Tamil newcomer Balan...", "Balan is poignant yet restrained...". Even the article in the Tamil Wikipedia says "2009 இல், பாலன் பா எனும் திரைப்படத்தில்" (something like "In 2009, Balan in a movie called Paa..."). Halet Hob (talk) 10:13, 8 April 2015 (UTC)
* The guideline states "However, where a person does not have a surname but a patronymic (like many Icelanders, some Mongols, and those historical persons who are known by names-and-patronymics instead of surnames) then the proper form of reference is usually the given name." However, as I said earlier, the guideline doesn't seem to have an Indian perspective. Hope that clears your doubt. The Tamil WP comparison doesn't make sense here because the entire article was created using the Google Translator Toolkit (from the en wiki article). — Vensatry (ping) 16:32, 8 April 2015 (UTC)
Languages known
The article states she speaks a "mix of Tamil and Malayalam at home" (the source says "according to her"), while also mentioning that "she is also well versed in Hindi, Marathi, English and Bengali". There are problems with this claim as well as the source:
* Firstly, it gives the reader an impression that she speaks Tamil and Malayalam. I don't think she can speak Malayalam. She isn't well-versed in Tamil either; the Tamil that she speaks is by Palakkad Tamil, an accent which is common among the Kerala Iyers.
* Secondly, the source doesn't cover Marathi.
— Vensatry (ping) 10:34, 31 May 2015 (UTC)
* Finally, I'm not sure whether languages known by an individual is worth mentioning in an FA. It reads much like a CV.
* Please tweak it according to what you think is right. I have no preference whatsoever regarding this particular topic. -- Krimuk | 90 ( talk ) 12:22, 31 May 2015 (UTC)
* I'll not touch the "mix of Tamil and Malayalam" part until we get a satisfactory ref, but removed the list of languages spoken/understood by her. — Vensatry (ping) 09:20, 2 June 2015 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 2 June 2016
Hello,
Please check spelling of current Marathi movie "Ek Albela" which actually spells as "Ekk Albela" Kindly make changes
143bhadu (talk) 17:09, 2 June 2016 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Sir Joseph <sup style="color:green;">(talk) 17:15, 2 June 2016 (UTC)
Hi check ref link suggesting spelling for the same which is from official YouTube Channel of the producer
Date of birth?
What's the issue with her date of birth? As per multiple sources, her dob is 1 January 1978. Please confirm, here are some sources;,. - <font face="Arial"> M4nag3r(-)rC [Reply] 08:46, 25 August 2010 (UTC)
* No issue - it's there now! :) Shahid • Talk 2 me 09:42, 25 August 2010 (UTC)
Date of Birth : January 1, 1982
Education : St. Antony's School and St. Xavier's College
Family : She belongs to an Tamil Iyer middleclass family. Father - P R Balan (Vice-President of ETC channel), Mother (House maker), Elder Sister.
City : Palghat, Kerala, India
Occupation : Bollywood actress and Fashion Model
Languages : Tamil, Hindi, English, Malayalam, Bengali
References: http://www.vidyabalan.net/biography.htm
www.matrimonialbank.com/bollywood/vidya-balan.html SauravCP 20:31, 20 March 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sauravcp (talk • contribs)
* Unfortunately, both the sources you mention are unreliable. Please give a read to RS to gather an idea of what may be considered reliable for a biography. Wifione Message 07:08, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
Hi I'm from Vidya's team. She has requested the admin to change the year of birth which is wrongly mentioned on the page. She is born in the year 1979 and not 1978. Also her place of birth is Mumbai not Kerala. Request you to change it please! — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:31, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 7 August 2016
Hi! I'm from Vidya's team. She has asked the admins to correct her year of birth which is 1979 and not 1978. Also her place of birth is Mumbai and not Kerala. Kindly change the corrections and let me know if you need any other document to make the corrections. So that we can mail it to you from her official ID. Thanks!
BishalPaul08 (talk) 19:55, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
* There's no request here. RunnyAmiga (talk) 19:57, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
* Please see my response in the previous section. We have no proof that you are in contact with the article's subject and YouTube videos are not acceptable sources. And please do not remove other editors' comments. RunnyAmiga (talk) 20:01, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 7 August 2016
Hi I'm from Vidya's team. She has requested the admin to change the year of birth which is wrongly mentioned on the page. She is born in the year 1979 and not 1978. Also her place of birth is Mumbai not Kerala. Request you to change it please!
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:33, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
* Please provide a reliable source confirming this information, and know that an alleged request from the article's subject is not reliable and neither is a YouTube video. See WP:RELIABLE to learn what sorts of sources will work. RunnyAmiga (talk) 19:59, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
Hello! I'm from her official team. Can you provide an email ID where a mail can be sent by her from her official email? We can also provide documents to substantiate the request. Can't think of any other way to proof that I'm from her team. Kindly consider the request as it has come directly from her. Thanks! — Preceding unsigned comment added by BishalPaul08 (talk • contribs) 20:08, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
* No. For the most part, she is not considered a usable source and neither is anybody working for her since information sourced like this can constitute a conflict of interest. You can get this information inserted by providing an appropriate source. See WP:PSTS. RunnyAmiga (talk) 20:20, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
Wrong INFO: Year of Birth, Place of Birth, Number of ads done and film
Hi,
Some of the information mentioned on this page are incorrect. Please find them below and I request the admins to kindly correct it. I'm also mentioning online citations to validate the same.
Year of Birth: She is a 1979 born contrary to 1978 mentioned Place of Birth: She was born in Chembur, Mumabi and not Kerala Number of Ad Films Done Before Film Debut: 90 ad films in total and not 60 as mentioned Wrong movie info: Have never been a part of the movie Run, so no question of being dropped from the movie at any point.
Online citations:
- http://filmycurry.com/all-you-wanted-to-know-about-vidya-balan/ - http://cinespeaks.com/vidya-balans-profile/
BishalPaul08 (talk) 07:08, 23 August 2016 (UTC)
* Filmcurry and Cinespeaks are not WP:RS. Information in the article are from high-quality sources. -- Krimuk | 90 ( talk ) 09:03, 23 August 2016 (UTC)
Earlier you'd asked for online citations. Now after that, you're saying the current ones are not of 'high quality'. How can you continue to have wrong information in the public domain? It's defamatory and since I'm from her team, she's very upset with wrong info. When she is legally born in 1979 in Chembur, how can we continue to keep it 1978 and in Kerala? — Preceding unsigned comment added by BishalPaul08 (talk • contribs) 10:29, 23 August 2016 (UTC)
* If she's "upset" about it (which is highly unlikely) then she can given an interview to any leading newspaper to correct the mistakes. Also, please stop with the "I'm from her team" crap. You've used the same statement for both Miss Balan and Miss Ranaut. -- Krimuk | 90 ( talk ) 10:32, 23 August 2016 (UTC)
I would request you to please be civil with your language. I own a digital agency and both Vidya and Kangana are my clients and so are many other renowned celebrities. How can you single-handedly without evidence decide that I'm not from her team? Also, I presume you haven't ever met her? So how do you know that she is not upset with wrong information? Who gave you the right to decide that? Besides, newspapers don't function as per our whims and fancies. No one will carry an interview where she talks about her age and where she was born. Hence we ensured that the information is available online. But you aren't accepting that too. That's not done! — Preceding unsigned comment added by BishalPaul08 (talk • contribs) 10:37, 23 August 2016 (UTC)
* You're not fooling anyone. If you indeed are from a digital agency and rely on sources such as "filmcurry" and "cinespeaks", and additionally have no idea about copyright violations, then all the very best to you! I have nothing more to add. Krimuk | 90 ( talk ) 10:41, 23 August 2016 (UTC)
* Also, Miss Balan has spoken about being born in Kerala in numerous interviews. So it's funny that she'd go about talking about how upset she is to some unnamed digital agency. Please find a better use of your time, Mr. Paul. Krimuk | 90 ( talk ) 10:44, 23 August 2016 (UTC)
My agency is one of the top entertainment digital agencies in Mumbai called Little Monk Digital. I don't need certification on that. She is even ready to mail all the information with documents but you aren't willing to accept that. If you stop being stubborn, and share your email address, then right from Vidya to Kangana, everyone can send a mail and finish this matter off. — Preceding unsigned comment added by BishalPaul08 (talk • contribs) 10:50, 23 August 2016 (UTC)
* If you want to email me, then you can go to my user page and send me a wiki mail from the tools option on the left-hand side of the page. -- Krimuk | 90 ( talk ) 12:05, 23 August 2016 (UTC)
I have removed the birth date. I see a claim that it is supported by two reliable sources, but the first is a dead link in the second one did not contain a birthdate (unless I missed it). In addition one contributor has claimed the date is wrong, and I just reviewed an email sent to Wikimedia (ticket:2016113010006799) claiming that the current date listed is wrong. Neither provided a reliable source so I am not changing the date to the one proposed. Let's track down a reliable source.-- S Philbrick (Talk) 14:00, 1 December 2016 (UTC)
Regarding incorrect DOB and Place of birth
Hi I'm from team Vidya. Recently in an interview Vidya Balan has HERSELF mentioned that her date of birth is Jan 1,1979 and NOT 1978. And her place of birth is Chembur, Mumbai and not Kerala. Here's the link of the video wherein 8:00 to 8:30 minutes she clearly specifies her DOB and place of birth. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Rz3XuCLn1k&t=517s I hereby request you to change the details. Thanks in advance --Nidhi Mahendrakar (talk) 14:50, 1 December 2016 (UTC)Nidhi
* A useful video indeed. But is there any external coverage of the interview? Because we don't use YouTube videos without the "verified" sign, i.e. the tick near the username. Kailash29792 (talk) 15:20, 1 December 2016 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 6 December 2016
https://in.style.yahoo.com/real-age-vidya-balan-not-wikipedia-saying-100458995.html KINDLY UPDATE HER DATE OF BIRTH AND BIRTH PLACE THANKS. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:48, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
* ✅ Kailash29792 (talk) 14:43, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 6 December 2016
Birth date January 1, 1979 Born in Chembur, Mumbai Amruta2884 (talk) 12:21, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: as you have not cited reliable sources to back up your request, without which no information should be added to, or changed in, any article. - Arjayay (talk) 12:24, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
External video
I've put the external video into the article, complete with ref. It shouldn't be that hard for a person to correct mistakes in an article and I'd like to encourage people to do this in an appropriate manner, e.g. through a published video. The external media template has been around forever and it is to be placed in the same place (i.e. in the text) that we would place our own media. The only thing that might be at all controversial here is the photo (from 2015) that I put with the link - if there is a better 2016 photo, it should be replaced. Smallbones( smalltalk ) 16:17, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
* , the mistake was already corrected, and I added this as the source. Please read the first line of "Early life and background". Kailash29792 (talk) 16:26, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
* None of that is a reason to delete the video. The video shows her talking, moving (a bit) and gives the reader an idea what the subject is really like. It also corrects a mistake that seemed to be controversial - two refs can be better than one. I would suggest that you let other editors edit - there is no article ownership in Wikipedia. Smallbones( smalltalk ) 16:34, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 6 December 2016
Please change the birthdate from 1st January 1978 to 1st January 1979. Also, change the birth place to Chembur, Mumbai. Pranav.dhapke (talk) 23:31, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. -- D ane <font color="#00ac1d">talk 00:38, 7 December 2016 (UTC)
* Yes check.svg Done Please read the first line of "Early life and background". Kailash29792 (talk) 03:46, 7 December 2016 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 18 March 2017
Vidya Balan's birth year was 1978 wherever I checked (even on Wikipedia) until now. how did it become 1979? Always enchanting (talk) 02:43, 18 March 2017 (UTC)
* She has revealed her real date of birth (https://in.style.yahoo.com/real-age-vidya-balan-not-wikipedia-saying-100458995.html). Kailash29792 (talk) 12:15, 18 March 2017 (UTC)
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External links modified
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Please change cover photo, use New beautiful photos of vidya balan in Wikipedia cover photo Ayisha123 (talk) 08:34, 17 August 2019 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 16 June 2020
Vidya Balan on Bollywood Hungama <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:29, 16 June 2020 (UTC)
* Please be specific about what needs to be changed. — Vensatry (talk) 09:33, 16 June 2020 (UTC)
A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:23, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
* Vidya in 2020.jpg.jpg | WIKI |
User:Dannymank
Hello
Political views
I support Palestine and against illegal immigration. I am centrist
Stuff I like
Soccer, Video Games
Favourite soccer players
Bukayo Saka, Gabriel Martinelli,Gabriel Jesus, David Hurley, Stephen Walsh
Favourite teams
Arsenal, Galway United | WIKI |
Trichostatin A enhances differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells to cardiogenic cells for cardiac tissue engineering
S.Y. Lim, P. Sivakumaran, D.E. Crombie, G.J. Dusting, A. Pébay, Rodney Dilley
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
41 Citations (Web of Science)
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are a promising source of autologous cardiomyocytes to repair and regenerate myocardium for treatment of heart disease. In this study, we have identified a novel strategy to enhance cardiac differentiation of human iPS cells by treating embryoid bodies (EBs) with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), together with activin A and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). Over a narrow window of concentrations, TSA (1 ng/ml) directed the differentiation of human iPS cells into a cardiomyocyte lineage. TSA also exerted an additive effect with activin A (100 ng/ml) and BMP4 (20 ng/ml). The resulting cardiomyocytes expressed several cardiac-specific transcription factorsandcontractile proteins at both geneandprotein levels. Functionally, the contractile EBs displayed calcium cycling and were responsive to the chronotropic agents isoprenaline (0.1 μM) and carbachol (1M). Implanting microdissected beating areas of iPS cells into tissue engineering chambers in immunocompromised rats produced engineered constructs that supported their survival, and they maintained spontaneous contraction. Human cardiomyocytes were identified as compact patches of muscle tissue incorporated within a host fibrocellular stroma and were vascularized by host neovessels. In conclusion, human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes can be used to engineer functional cardiac muscle tissue for studying the pathophysiology of cardiac disease, for drug discovery test beds, and potentially for generation of cardiac grafts to surgically replace damaged myocardium. © AlphaMed Press 2013.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)715-725
JournalStem Cells Translational Medicine
Volume2
Issue number9
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2013
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Trichostatin A enhances differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells to cardiogenic cells for cardiac tissue engineering'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Arden-Ohman Orchestra
The Arden-Ohman Orchestra was an American orchestra headed by bandleaders Victor Arden and Phil Ohman in the 1920s and 1930s. They recorded several hits including "I Love a Parade" and served as the pit band in Broadway shows such as Lady, Be Good (1924), Tip-Toes (1926) and Spring Is Here (1929). | WIKI |
Consumer strength is the primary driving force for this market right now
It’s seeming more and more clear that the market did not realize how resilient the consumer is in this economy.
The markets coming into the year expected a recession to come Q1/Q2 of 2023. They expected rate hikes to cause a weakening job sector and weaker consumer. However, to this day jobs reports have been incredibly strong and the only sector seeing a weakening job market is the tech sector.
We’re seeing consumer companies reporting big earnings beating estimates that were previously sandbagged. It’s clear when you see gambling companies like Draftkings and travel companies like hotels reporting big numbers that the average consumer is simply not hurting.
Based off of this, my prediction is that inflation will remain sticky. If the Fed is looking at jobs data and lagging indicators like CPI and PCE to determine when to pause, I don’t think we’re done seeing rate hikes and we won’t see a rate cut this year.
Caveat: If the banking crisis further worsens that could cause a credit crunch that will undoubtedly send us into a recession and force the fed to loosen policy. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Ángel de Andrés
Ángel de Andrés Miquel was a Spanish theatre actor and director.
Background
In 1938, after the Spanish Civil War broke out, the young Andrés worked as an amateur street actor and then as a "galán cómico" in the Salvador Videgain theatre company. In 1940, he played roles in the Isbert, Infanta Isabel and María Guerrero theatre companies, among others.
Andrés began his own theatre company with Antonio Casal, which became very successful. It was there that Andrés met actress Chity Juárez. Andrés and Juárez married in 1959 and remained together for the rest of Andrés' life. They had two children.
From 1939 until the 1990s, Andrés had regular jobs in theatre, cinema and television. He used his full name as his stage name, however, the people who knew him always called him Angelito de Andrés (Angelito is the familiar form for Ángel).
During the 1940s, Andrés began acting in movies as an extra, but it was not until 1950 that he was first cast serious roles. Throughout his career, Andrés worked by then in Portugal and Mexico. In the 1950s as a presenter and actor in radio and cinema.
Andrés' best performances came after Francisco Franco's death in 1975. In the 1980s, Andrés starred in numerous comedy films, winning the affection as a humorist and also in the TV series Celia and Lorca la muerte de un poeta of Juan Antonio Bardem. In the 1988 he played the character of Zenón de Somodevilla in Josefina Molina film's Esquilache with Fernando Fernán Gómez and Concha Velasco.
After suffering a paralysis due to a thrombus in the 1990s, he retired from the theaters, but not from television screens. In the summer of 2006, Andrés died in his sleep from a heart attack.
Selected filmography
* Fin de curso (1944, by Ignacio F. Iquino) - Gorito
* Turbante blanco (1944) - Duque Gregorio
* Paraíso sin Eva (1944) - Mariano
* Cabeza de hierro (1944) - Polilla
* Thirsty Land (1945)
* Leyenda de feria (1946)
* The Prodigal Woman (1946, by Rafael Gil) - Miguel
* Unknown Path (1946, by José Antonio Nieves Conde) - Peter
* Dulcinea (1947) - Diego Hernández
* The Faith (1947, by Rafael Gil) - Dueño casa huéspedes
* Don Quijote de la Mancha (1947, by Rafael Gil) - Primer Caballero (First Gentleman) (uncredited)
* Confidencia (1948, by Jerónimo Mihura) - Luis
* The Sunless Street (1948) - José
* Mare Nostrum (1948) - Toni
* Pototo, Boliche y Compañía (1948)
* Jalisco canta en Sevilla (1949, by Fernando de Fuentes)
* Currito de la Cruz (1949) - Empleado de la taberna 'La gallega' (uncredited)
* ¡Fuego! (1949, by Arthur Duarte) - Bombero
* Just Any Woman (1949) - Camionero
* ¡El santuario no se rinde! (1949) - Curro
* Un corazón en el ruedo (1950) - (uncredited)
* Hipólito, el de Santa (1950)
* Tres ladrones en la casa (1950) - Talia
* I Want to Marry You (1951) - Andrés
* Tercio de quites (1951, by Emilio Gómez Muriel) - Angelillo
* Fantasía española (1953, by Javier Setó) - Pepe
* Juzgado permanente (1954) - Carterista
* Historias de la radio (1955, by José Luis Sáenz de Heredia) - Ladrón
* Manolo guardia urbano (1956, by Rafael J. Salvia) - Felipe, el limpiabotas
* Un Abrigo a cuadros (1957, by Alfredo Hurtado) - Germán
* El Hincha (1958, by José María Elorrieta) - Nicolás, el hincha
* Pasa la tuna (1960, by José María Elorrieta) - Tomás González
* 091 Policía al habla (1960, by José María Forqué) - Manolo
* Las Estrellas (1962, by Miguel Lluch) - El Ciruqui
* You and Me Are Three (1962, by Rafael Gil) - Chófer
* La Pandilla de los once (1963, by Pedro Lazaga) - Dick 'EL Chuleta'
* La Batalla del domingo (1963, by Luis Marquina) - Pepe, el limpiabotas
* Tomy's Secret (1963, by Antonio del Amo) - Presentador del concurso
* El espontáneo (1964) - Situado
* Fin de semana. (1964, by Pedro Lazaga) - Fernando
* Dulcinea del Toboso (1964)
* Mi canción es para ti (1965, by Ramón Torrado) - Melitón Pérez Tumbao 'Tumbaito'
* Suena el clarín (1965) - Apoderado
* He's My Man! (1966, by Rafael Gil) - Portero Club Pinky
* El Padre Manolo (1966, by Ramón Torrado) - Roberto, el chófer
* Aquí mando yo (1967, by Rafael Romero Marchent) - Guardia urbano
* Another's Wife (1967, by Rafael Gil) - Taxista
* The Sailor with Golden Fists (1968, by Rafael Gil) - Héctor
* De Picos Pardos a la ciudad (1969, by Ignacio F. Iquino) - Pepe
* Relaciones casi públicas (1969) - Empresario teatral
* ¡Se armó el belén! (1969, by José Luis Sáenz de Heredia) - Comprador y decorador
* Con ella llegó el amor (1970, by Ramón Torrado) - Rafael
* Don Erre que erre (1970, by José Luis Sáenz de Heredia)
* La casa de los Martínez (1971) - Bombero
* Secuestro a la española (1972, by Mateo Cano) - Martín
* Casa Flora (1973, by Ramón Fernández) - Leoncio
* La llamaban La Madrina (1973) - Pardillo timado
* Me has hecho perder el juicio (1973) - Hombre en el metro
* El Reprimido (1974, by Mariano Ozores) - Pepe
* No quiero perder la honra (1975, by Eugenio Martín) - Camacho
* Bienvenido, Mister Krif (1975)
* El último tango en Madrid (1975)
* El mejor regalo (1975) - Taxista
* And in the Third Year, He Rose Again (1980) - Leoncio
* Brujas mágicas (1981, by Mariano Ozores hijo) - Don Lope
* Cristóbal Colón, de oficio... descubridor (1982, by Mariano Ozores hijo) - Fray Juan Pérez
* La canción de los niños (1982) - Andrés
* Una pequeña movida (1983)
* The Autonomines (1983, by Rafael Gil) - Telesforo
* Juana la loca... de vez en cuando (1983, by José Ramón Larraz) - Duque de Medina Sidonia
* El Cid cabreador (1983, by Angelino Fons) - Cardenal
* Libro Luces de bohemia (1985, by Miguel Ángel Díez)
* Esquilache (1989, by Josefina Molina) - Ensenada
* Tahiti's Girl (1990) - Senador Menéndez
* La forja de un rebelde (1990, TV Series, by Mario Camus) - José
* Celia (1993, TV Series, by José Luis Borau) - Don Restituto | WIKI |
The most popular travel destinations for Americans 2019
Google released its "Year in Search 2019" results this week, which showed the travel destinations that had the highest spikes in searches in the U.S. from this year to last. The list shows what's trending — not necessarily what's most popular — so don't be surprised if your favorite Caribbean island or mouse-themed amusement park didn't make the list. Instead, Google taps into the changes in the travel zeitgeist, revealing the places where Americans went — or simply aspired to go — more in 2019 than previous years. So what's hot in travel this year? Americans searched for "trip to…" these 10 places: One photo of this small south Asian nation easily explains its popularity. It's simply beautiful. Made up of a chain of atolls, the Maldives is famous for its one-per-island resorts, translucent turquoise waters and pristine coral reefs. A trip to the Maldives is not about exploration; it's about staying put, which makes choosing a hotel the most important decision of the trip. Google Trends shows newer properties, such as Kudadoo Maldives and Waldorf Astoria Maldives Ithaafushi, were the most popular in terms of searches this year. A stay in an over-water villa in the Maldives is de rigueur for many Americans. Then, the Conrad Maldives Rangali Island upped the ante with the world's first over-water villa with an underwater bedroom. A night there can set you back a cool $38,000 for a full-board package during peak season, which makes the low-season $10,000 bed-and-breakfast daily rate seem like a steal. The world is fascinated by Japan, and Americans are no different. The United Nations World Tourism Organization reported that as of September 2019 Japan posted the second highest growth in international tourism receipts, after Australia. Yes, the 2020 Summer Olympics are a half a year away. Yes, Japan has turned the basic requirement of eating into high art (which explains why its capital city, Tokyo, has the most Michelin-starred restaurants in the world). And yes, you can drive go-carts through the streets of Tokyo dressed like Batman. And, any nation that has turned Kentucky Fried Chicken into an annual Christmas tradition is in good stead with the American populace. But Japan has a softer side; it's home to dramatic temples, natural onsens, world-class skiing, seasonal seas of cherry blossoms and a people known for their politeness. Bora Bora is the comeback kid of 2019. Starting in the 2000s, tourist arrivals to this French Polynesia jewel started to wane. In 2009, Club Med Bora Bora shuttered its doors. But the past few years have been kind. Interest is on the rise. People are now searching for flights and resorts, though Google Trends shows recent surges relate to rapper Lil Durk's "Bora Bora" video and unretouched photos of Demi Lovato in a bikini. Home to a crystalline lagoon and sugary sands, Bora Bora is a good spot to swim with sharks (the pleasant kind), rays and even whales. Diving is big business in this tropical paradise, which sits atop an extinct volcano. Americans search for "all-inclusive" resorts as well as specific hotels, such as the Four Seasons and St. Regis properties. Luxury rooms top $1,000 per night, while more modest, grass thatched-and-drift-wood accommodations have daily rates of $300 or less. A third option is to cruise around on the Paul Gauguin, an all-inclusive deluxe vessel, named after the artist who spent the last years of his life in French Polynesia. There are two kinds of people in the world: those who love Vegas — and those who don't. But make no mistake — both groups go. It's the spot for blackjack, showgirls, pre-wedding mayhem, musical residencies, epic club scenes and even more epic elderly slot playing. The city's history has been immortalized in Scorsese mobster films and now classic comedies. It's glitz, glam and gutter life rolled into one discount weekend package. Google Trends cores into exactly what people want to know about Sin City. People search for hotels, flights, shows and — Craigslist? The site is surprisingly popular in Las Vegas; proceed with caution. Giving credit where credit is due, this desert city successfully attracts everyone from young families and celebrities to MICE travelers and the highest of high rollers. The sinners come as do the saints. Even the grasshoppers — a top trending Vegas-related search term at the moment. Mexico may be the fifth most popular place to search for trips, but it will almost certainly be the No. 1 spot where Americans actually end up. Mexico is the most popular international destination for Americans — by a landslide — and has been for many years. That's why it's no surprise that the most searched travel question in the U.S. in 2015 was: what to pack for Cancun? It's close, warm, relatively affordable and offers everything from the ruins of Chichén Itzá to tequila tours by train. Plus, Americans are obsessed with the food — well, a version of it anyway. And not only are Americans vacationing in Mexico, they are quietly moving across the border. The U.S. Embassy in Mexico City estimates around 1.5 million Americans live in Mexico, more than seven times the number since 1990. The second half of the top 10 list shows a domestic bent — Alaska, New Orleans, California and New York, in that order – with one exception, Costa Rica in the 10th spot. Though Americans have a reputation for stateside travel, Google's "Year in Search 2019" data shows that Americans are setting their sights on international shores. And with the number of Americans with passports now at 42% — up from just 4% in 1990 – more people are poised to turn their search dreams into reality. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Valley of the Sun, AZ
Working with the community... for a healthier community.
It’s the Most Wonderful Time of the Year Or Is It?
December 09, 2017
It’s that time of year again! Are you making your lists and checking them twice? Do you have your dad’s favorite holiday pie for the big dinner? The holidays are here and this is the time of sharing, making memories, and connecting with the people you love in your life the most, your friends and family.
What about the people who don’t have loved ones to make memories with during the holidays? What about the people who do not have other people with which to connect? I once read, “The opposite of addiction is connection.” Most of us would agree that the opposite of addiction is sobriety or refraining from an addictive behavior, so I am curious to know where an idea like this would originate, and I find myself questioning where behaviors are developed and how behaviors are created. Even when we have loved ones in our lives, we can still feel alone or disconnected because it does not feel safe to discuss our feelings. How is that we can have all of the support in the world and still not reach out to anyone? This line of thinking is the reason I got into the field of helping people heal and change. How do we go from connection or lack thereof to addiction?
Addiction
Substance abuse or addiction is a continued use of something: illicit drugs, prescription drugs, alcohol, sex, food, shopping etc., despite the consequences. Why would people continue to use something that is detrimental to their health and wellbeing? All behavior comes from unmet needs. Gambling or viewing pornography creates a rush of dopamine or a serotonin release in the brain, which is literally a “feel good” feeling. People use these things to feel good in order to meet their needs. Why would someone need to use these things to feel good? Aren’t there other, healthier things that make people feel happy? Yes, connecting with other human beings is a healthier way to meet one’s needs.
Connection
We as humans are built to connect with each other and form relationships. We make friends at the park before we start kindergarten. Our grandparents got married before going to college. I am referring to our innate need to bond and attach to each other. That warm and fuzzy feeling you get when you see your person is not an imagined feeling; that is the pleasure neurotransmitter being released in your brain, you feel a dopamine surge when you look into your loved one’s eyes. These are the same emotions shared between a mother and child during breastfeeding; this is connection.
Holidays can elicit this feeling of a lack of connection for those people who do not have friends and family in their lives or even for people who do have a support system. The holidays can bring out the best and worst in people. We are all less than perfect, we are humans. Families fight, we get into unhealthy relationships, friends move away, and then we are left with a lack of connection. Escalated discords lead to a divide or an estrangement from one’s family of origin, again resulting in a lack of connection. Life transitions, like going away to school, being widowed, living in a new town, being single, and not having any children can all be a lack of connection. Some of us are lucky to still have our friends and family in our lives, but then there are the societal expectations, dysfunctional families, and stress that comes with these expectations that also causes a lack of connection.
The feeling of disconnection can feel unbearable. Humans do not like to feel pain, and this can escalate to not wanting to feel at all, hence addictions and just wanting to feel good. Not wanting to feel can also be done without an altering substance or external behavior, this is called dissociation. We don’t know how to get our needs met, it doesn’t feel safe, and we don’t feel accepted, so we don’t want to connect. People have to disconnect to survive. The pain we experience from people we love is so hard to endure, our brains and our bodies have created a way to check out in order to maintain a relationship or a connection. The holidays can be a trigger for a lot people to experience depression, anxiety, and activate traumatic memories that can lead to isolation, hopelessness, and despair.
Trauma
Trauma is a threat you weren’t prepared to handle. The disconnection from your loved ones is a traumatic attachment wound. Trauma is not only PTSD from a combat experience, a violent attack, or a car accident. Trauma is anything that had an adverse effect on you and still does, shaping the way you think, act, and feel. Complex trauma is experiencing a threat you were not prepared to deal with paired with an attachment deficit. This means everyone experiences trauma. Some experts even say that “anything less than nurturing behavior” can cause trauma in a young child. The definition of trauma has helped me to provide a better level of care to my patients. Decreasing the stigma and normalizing traumatic situations and the effects of trauma has been influential for encouraging people to get the help they really need.
There’s help!
There is help for people who have experienced trauma or a lack of connection. You don’t have to carry around the pain you may be experiencing. You don’t have to continue to be unhappy, angry, or bitter. You don’t have to continue feeling resentful in unhealthy relationships. The holidays are an influence that can bring out the feelings of disconnection at a time when you are seeking to connect with family and friends. The holidays are not always so bright and cheery, as is life. Allow the holidays to trigger your symptoms and then take action to get the help you deserve. Infinite Healing and Wellness is a place where you can receive the treatment and heal from all of the things affecting your quality of life. We are all clinicians who specialize in treating the root of the issues, not just the symptoms. You can be your most authentic self and meet your goals of being happy and healthy, without continuing to re-experience your past. We teach you ways to restructure your world and help you learn to connect in a way that works for you.
Infinite Healing and Wellness
We offer a level of service that is a step above other therapy services you may have tried in the past. We believe in a holistic approach to treat both the mind and body. Infinite Healing and Wellness provides various groups to service our community: mindfulness, codependence, mediation, men’s anger management, first responder’s support group, chronic pain, DBT, and psychoeducation classes, along with individual therapy and medication management services to help patients reach goals of finding ways to make healthy connections.
Dr. Chante Pantila is an EMDR Approved Consultant and all clinicians at Infinite Healing and Wellness specialize in using EMDR therapy. We also offer a monthly EMDR study group to support clinicians in the valley and enhance clinical skills in treating the lack of connection.
Infinite Healing and Wellness is located at 2563 S. Val Vista Dr. Suite 108 in Gilbert. Contact us at 480-448-1076 or info@infinitehw.com
to schedule your appointment and experience your limitless opportunities for growth!
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December 09, 2017
Keywords: Feature Story
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| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
L'Anse Aux Epines
L'anse Aux Epines is a primarily residential community in Saint George Parish, Grenada. As the most southerly tip of Grenada, it forms part of the line separating the Caribbean sea from the Atlantic Ocean.
The name translates to "The Beach/Bay of Thorns." | WIKI |
User:Ktrella15/sandbox
this is a word i made up
This word that i made up is to test out my sandbox. | WIKI |
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.skin-vector #p-logo, .skin-monobook #p-logo { height: 90px; } .skin-vector .mw-wiki-logo, .skin-monobook .mw-wiki-logo { background: var(--wikipedia-logo); } | WIKI |
Hydrogen Fuel Cells: The Next Big Midstream MLP Opportunity
Hydrogen players like Plug Power Inc will happily regale you with examples of how hydrogen fuel cells have saved money while providing a clean, environmentally-friendly fuel to vehicles. And every one of those stories will be true. However, Plug Power focuses on the industrial space. Hydrogen hasn't been able to push into the consumer market... yet.
Toyota Motor Corp is looking to change that. And if hydrogen starts to catch on, it could open up a whole new market for midstream master limited partnerships, or MLPs.
What's hydrogen?
From science class, we all know that hydrogen is an element. But it's also a key fuel source for a hydrogen fuel cell. The science is complicated; but effectively, these little wonders combine hydrogen with oxygen to create electricity through a chemical reaction. The main byproduct is water (two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen, or H20).
The idea is fabulous, but making it work cheaply enough and on a large enough scale is more problematic. So, too, is the lack of infrastructure to support mass adoption of fuel cells.
That's why Plug Power chose to take on the industrial market first. For example, it's been working with companies like Wal-Mart Stores . Plug Power provides hydrogen technology to power the forklifts that move stuff around Wal-Mart's facilities. Clean, reliable, and easy to refuel, Wal-Mart has been impressed enough to extend their original deal with Plug Power to include more sites. But these are controlled locations with fairly predictable usage patterns and hydrogen needs.
The idea of using hydrogen in cars faces bigger hurdles, like cost compared to gasoline autos, and a near complete lack of support infrastructure for the fuel. But that doesn't mean it isn't backed by big-name players.
For example, Toyota recently opened up its hydrogen patents to the world to spur the technology's adoption in consumer autos. That's right out of Elon Musk's playbook with electric vehicles. Essentially, Toyota is willing to forgo the benefits of its patents to jump start the hydrogen space. Why? So it has a place at the table of what could be the gasoline car's replacement.
What does the world look like?
For right now, the idea of a mass-market hydrogen car is really just pie-in-the sky thinking. After all, electric cars have been pushed for years, and have a larger support infrastructure available -- your wall socket among them -- and they are only a tiny fraction of the industry. In other words, don't get too excited by what is truly an amazing technology. It isn't ready for prime time just yet.
But that doesn't mean you shouldn't think about what the world will look like if it does take off. Clearly, hydrogen cars will be a big part of it. But what about the infrastructure? Right now, we have gasoline stations dotted across the country. It's rare that a town of any size has less than two providers, which require huge amounts of gasoline to be made, stored, and shipped around the country. Key providers in all of this are midstream MLPs like NuStar Energy L.P. and Buckeye Partners, L.P. .
These two midstream operators, along with many others, provide not only the pipes to move oil, natural gas, and their byproducts (like gasoline) around the country, but also storage. NuStar, for example, has 93 million barrels of storage capacity at its facilities around the world. Buckeye has 64 million barrels of storage capacity. These companies know a thing or two about storing energy products.
Storing hydrogen
This could pair up well with hydrogen, if and perhaps when the technology catches on in a bigger way. We'll need a way to make, store, and deliver all that hydrogen. While its different than oil and natural gas, the general idea is exactly the same. Moreover, recent research from Sandia Laboratories suggests that storing hydrogen in underground salt caverns would be among the best options.
According to Anna Snider Lord, one of the study's authors, "Above-ground tanks can't even begin to match the amount of hydrogen that can be stored underground." The interesting thing here is that natural gas is often stored in similar underground formations. That puts midstream MLPs in good positions to participate because both aboveground and underground storage will likely be needed.
That said, companies like DCP Midstream Partners, LP , with around 10 underground salt-storage sites, could quickly find that they have increasingly valuable assets because salt caverns aren't exactly a common geologic formation. That could be good for DCP Midstream unitholders, and make the company a candidate for a buyout or merger.
Don't do anything right now
If you're watching the hydrogen market and waiting for the day the technology takes off, don't forget about all the support systems that have to be put in place. That could open up opportunities in places you wouldn't normally expect, like the realm of midstream operators. We're likely years away from hydrogen going mainstream; but keep in mind the storage needs that will arise if and perhaps when it does.
The backdoor Holy Grail investment into "Oil Boom 2.0"
A single, under-the-radar company has its hands tightly wrapped around both the hydraulic fracturing technology and know-how that has allowed this shale boom to take off in the first place . The Motley Fool just completed a brand-new investigative report on this significant investment topic and the company helping fuel its boom. Simply click here for access .
The article Hydrogen Fuel Cells: The Next Big Midstream MLP Opportunity originally appeared on Fool.com.
Reuben Brewer has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool recommends DCP Midstream Partners. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days . We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
Copyright © 1995 - 2015 The Motley Fool, LLC. All rights reserved. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Planet Money episodes
The result was delete. Sandstein 11:42, 25 December 2013 (UTC)
List of Planet Money episodes
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Article fails in its purpose, as: 1. Article has rarely been updated, most recently in August of 2013. That means four months of episodes have not been added to this list of episodes. 2. Many early episodes feature no meaningful description; the descriptions that are entered have been ripped straight from the RSS feed, violating copyright. 3. While the podcast itself is certainly notable, and deserves its entry, a list of episodes is certainly not. Jedzz (talk) 11:06, 16 December 2013 (UTC)
* Automated comment: This AfD was not correctly transcluded to the log (step 3). I have transcluded it to Articles for deletion/Log/2013 December 17. — cyberbot I Notify Online 18:14, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
* Delete, fails WP:LISTPURP as an episode list for a non-fiction series (even if this were broadcast instead of merely podcast) is excessive and unnecessary detail for our coverage of that series. So while I concur with the nominator's judgment, their reasoning is incorrect, as #1 & 2 are grounds for further editing and cleanup, not deletion, and re: #3 it is not meaningful to say "a list of episodes is...not [notable]". postdlf (talk) 19:07, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
* Delete Seems to be some kind of odd automated scrape of the show's RSS feed by a questionable account as seen here. I'd delete more based on that than anything else because of COPYVIO, and usually I'm not inclined to keep information for a non-fiction show which is just 'we talk about what happened this week' over and over again. Nate • ( chatter ) 20:03, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Internet-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 16:56, 18 December 2013 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Lists-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 16:56, 18 December 2013 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Panel Says Top Justice Dept. Aide Held Information on Rich's Pardon
Forthcoming Congressional report on Pres Clinton's last-minute pardons says Deputy Atty Gen Eric H Holder Jr was 'willing participant' in plan to keep Justice Department from knowing about and opposing pardon for fugitive financier Marc Rich; report harshly criticizes Clinton White House for handling of 177 pardons and commutations granted on final day; also takes Bush administration to task for refusing to turn over documents that could shed light on controversy; Clinton does not oppose release; report says Holder played major role, steering Rich lawyers toward Jack Quinn, former White House counsel who could lobby Clinton; also recommends Justice Department review potential law violations by Roger Clinton for failing to register as lobbyist and treating ties to president as 'commodity to be sold to the highest bidder' (M) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Raúl Gudiño
Raúl Manolo Gudiño Vega (born 22 April 1996) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Liga MX club Necaxa.
Porto
On 29 August 2014, Guadalajara announced that Gudiño would be joining Portuguese club FC Porto on a ten-month loan, with an option to make the move permanent. He made his debut for the B team in November 2014 against Academico Viseu in the Segunda Liga. On 14 February 2015, he would block a penalty against Feirense in the 32nd minute to help Porto B clinch a 1–0 victory.
On 16 June 2015, Porto announced they had signed Gudiño on a permanent deal by triggering the buy option for €1.5 million. On 11 February 2016, Gudiño joined União da Madeira on loan from FC Porto for the remainder of the season.
APOEL (loan)
On 31 August 2017, Gudiño signed with Cypriot side APOEL FC on a season-long loan. On 17 October, during the UEFA Champions League group-stage match against Borussia Dortmund, Gudiño came on as a substitute for Boy Waterman, becoming the first Mexican goalkeeper to play in a Champions League match.
Guadalajara
On 26 May 2018, Gudiño rejoined Guadalajara after his year-long loan spell with APOEL. On 21 July, he made his debut against Tijuana in a 2–1 loss. On 30 September, during his first Súper Clásico against Club América, Gudiño would block Mateus Uribe’s stoppage-time penalty, keeping the score at 1–1. Following the match, manager José Saturnino Cardozo praised his performance, saying: "[Gudiño] is an excellent goalkeeper, he is growing as a goalkeeper, he has an imposing physique... I think [Mateus Uribe] was frightened by his physical appearance in the penalty box."
Atlanta
On 20 June 2022, Gudiño joined Atlanta United as a free agent on a 1-year contract.
Youth
From 2012 to 2013, Gudiño participated with the under-17 side. He participated in the winning side of the 2013 CONCACAF U-17 Championship, where he won the Golden Glove award.
Gudiño was called up to the under-20 team for the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He was a starter for the first match against Mali but was benched for the following match.
Gudiño won the CONCACAF Youth Goalkeeper of the Year award in 2013 for his performances in the CONCACAF U-17 Championship and the FIFA U-17 World Cup.
Senior
On 2 October 2018, Gudiño was called up by interim manager Ricardo Ferretti for the October friendlies against Costa Rica and Chile. He earned his first cap with the senior national team on 11 October against Costa Rica, coming on as a half-time substitute for Gibrán Lajud, with Mexico winning the match 3–2.
Style of play
At 1.96 meters (6 ft 5 in), Gudiño stands out for his great reflexes, good aerial game, as well as his penalty-blocking ability.
His playing style has led to comparisons to fellow Mexican goalkeeper Guillermo Ochoa.
Honours
APOEL
* Cypriot First Division: 2017–18
Porto B
* LigaPro: 2015–16
* Premier League International Cup: 2016–17
Mexico Youth
* CONCACAF U-17 Championship: 2013
* FIFA U-17 World Cup runner-up: 2013
* CONCACAF Olympic Qualifying Championship: 2015
Individual
* CONCACAF U-17 Championship Golden Glove: 2013
* CONCACAF Men's Goalkeeper of the Year: 2013 (2nd place) | WIKI |
Page:The Complete Peerage Ed 2 Vol 4.djvu/627
APPENDIX G 609 was apprenticed to a dry-salter of London, named aughan, " Colonel Vaughan's brother," but when his time was " near or newly out, betook himself to be a soldier, instead ot setting up his trade." He was a quarter- master in the Pari, army; Capt. in Col. Harley's regt., in the "New Model," 1 5 Feb. i 644/5 '■> '^''"^ ^°'- '^^' Cromwell's own regt. of " Ironsides " at the battle of Dunbar, 3 Sep. 1650. He was one of the Judges app. for the King's trial, 6 Jan. 1648/9, attended every sitting but five, and signed the death-warrant. Commissioner of the High Court of Justice 21 Nov. 1653. On 12 Dec. 1653 he forcibly ejected the remnant of the "Barebones" Parl.(^) M.P. for Great Yarmouth 6 July 1654, and for Southants 1656-57. " Maior-General of the Militia" for Sussex, Bedford, and Southants, 9 Aug. 1655. He was sum. to the "Other House," 10 Dec. 1657, and took his seat, as " William Lord Goffe," 20 Jan. i 657/8 ; he also sat in Richard Cromwell's House of Lords, and signed the proclamation in which he was declared Protector, 3 Sep. 1658. A warrant was issued for his arrest, 16 Apr. 1660, and he was excepted from the Act of Indemnity, 29 Aug. 1660, but he escaped with his father-in-law; landed at Boston, ('') Mass., 27 July 1660; removed to New Haven, 7 Mar. 1 660/1; and to Hadley, Mass., 13 Oct. 1664, where he resided till his death. He »i. Frances,(°) da. of Major Gen. Edward Whalley, by his ist wife, Judith, da. of John Duffell, of Rochester. He d. in 1679, and was /?ur. at Hadlev afsd., aged about 70. HAMPDEN [46] Richard Hampden, C) 2nd but ist surv. s. of John H., "the Patriot," of Great Hampden, Bucks (bur. there 25 June 1643), by his ist wife, Elizabeth, only da. and h. of Edmund Symeon, of Pyrton, co. Oxford. includes an item of £1 6s. 6d., expended on June ist, " when Lift. Col. GofFe came to towne." A Mr. GofFe, presumably the Regicide's father, was either incumbent or lecturer at St. Mary's, Haverfordwest, in 1614, 161 5, and 1628. {Eng. Hist. Revinu, 1892, p. 718). (') " Coll. Goffe and Lieut. Coll. White came into the House, and desired them that were there to come out. Some answered, they were there by a call from the generall, and would not come out by their desire. . . . They returned noe answer, but feched two files of musquetiers and did as good as force them out; amongst whom I was an unworthy one." (Letter from Bussy Mansell, in Thurloe's Statt Papers, vol. i, p. 637). (•*) Col. John Crown, a royalist, deposed " that while he was at Boston soon after the King's restoration, Goffe and Whalley landed there, and were conducted to the house of John Endicott, the Governor, who it was reported embraced them, bade them welcome to New England, and wished more such good men as they would come over. . . . They then resided in Cambridge [about four miles from Boston], where they were held in exceeding great esteem for their piety and parts." {Cal. Statt Papers, Colonial Ser., 1661-68, p. 54). {^) A letter from her (in reply to one written by her husband, 29 May 1 662) is printed in Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts, vol. i, p. 532. [^) He bore for arms: Silver a saltire Gules between four eagles Azure. 77 | WIKI |
Is there an alternative to coking coal?
Can you make steel without coking coal?
Now, nearly all new steel globally is produced using iron oxide and coking coal. Coking coal is usually bituminous-rank coal with special qualities that are needed in the blast furnace. While an increasing amount of steel is being recycled, there is currently no technology to make steel at scale without using coal.
What is non-coking coal?
A non-coking coal is that coal which when heated in the absence of air leaves a coherent residue. This residue does not possess the physical and chemical properties of the coke and is not suitable for the manufacture of coke.
Can Met coal be replaced?
Dr. Forrest said that the creation of zero-carbon steel is not impractical. … The goal is to replace “met” coal, also referred to as coking coal, with electricity from renewable energy and hydrogen and to have a fossil-free steel-making process by 2035. It wants to bring carbon-free steel to market in five years.
Is coking coal the same as coal?
A coking coal is quite simply a coal that, when heated in the absence of air, will melt vesiculate and harden into a spongelike mass of almost pure carbon.
THIS IS INTERESTING: Which state produces the largest amount of coal?
What are the 4 grades of coal?
Coal is classified into four main types, or ranks: anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite. The ranking depends on the types and amounts of carbon the coal contains and on the amount of heat energy the coal can produce.
Why is coke a cleaner fuel than coal?
Coke is rich in carbon which is up to 98% and is used as fuel. coke can be substituted in the place of coal as fuel. It has higher calorific value and produces more heat than coal. Coke the form of a clean fuel as it does not produce smoke while burning and it does not pollute the air like a coal.
Is coke obtained from coal?
Coke is produced by heating coal at high temperatures, for long periods of time. This heating is called “thermal distillation” or “pyrolysis.” In order to produce coke that will be used in blast furnaces, coal is usually thermally distilled for 15 to 18 hours, but the process can take up to 36 hours.
Does green steel use coal?
So-called “green steel”, made using hydrogen rather than coal, represents a huge opportunity for Australia. It would boost our exports, help offset inevitable job losses in the fossil fuel industry and go a long way to tackling climate change.
Is coal needed for steel?
Coal and coke
Coking coal is a key raw material in steel production. As iron occurs only as iron oxides in the earth’s crust, the ores must be converted, or ‘reduced’, using carbon. The primary source of this carbon is coking coal.
THIS IS INTERESTING: What are the differences between the different types of coal?
Is coke a cheaper and lower quality form of coal?
In 2019, the average delivered price of coking coal to coke producers was about $146 per short ton—almost four times higher than the average price of coal delivered to the electric power sector. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
2009 World Military Track and Field Championships
The 2009 World Military Track and Field Championship was the 43rd edition of the international athletics competition between military sports personnel. The competition was held from 6 to 13 June at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia, Bulgaria. A total of 398 athletes (318 men and 80 women) from 33 nations competed in the 29-event programme. | WIKI |
Mike Vibert
Mike Vibert (1950 – 15 January 2011) was a teacher, Jersey politician, and the island's Minister for Education, Sport and Culture from 2005 until 2008.
He has been past president of the Jersey Teachers Association, past vice-chairman of St Brelade’s Youth Club Management Committee, Procureur du Bien Public de la Commune de la Moye.
Education
Vibert was educated at Les Landes School and Hautlieu. He then trained as a teacher at College of St Mark & St John (which was then in London). He moved from teaching to journalism, and gained a National Council for the Training of Journalists Post-graduate Certificate in Journalism (Sheffield).
Journalism
In Jersey, after three years working at the Jersey Evening Post he became one of the four founding members of staff of BBC Radio Jersey at its inception, becoming the first news editor and then assistant editor. He provided commentary for broadcasts of States sittings. After being made redundant from BBC Radio Jersey in 1995 he became editor of Inside Jersey, a colour news magazine.
Political career
Elected in 1996 as Deputy for the Parish of St Brélade, No. 2 district (865 votes) and re-elected 1999 (1,202 votes). During this time, he actively worked towards the creation of Les Creux Country Park, near Beauport bay.
Elected in 2002 as Senator (in 4th place with 10,624 votes).
In the 2008 Jersey general election, held on 15 October 2008, he lost his Senatorial seat.
Within the States, he held the office of president of Sport, Leisure and Recreation committee and while also serving as the President of the Special Committee on the Composition and Election of the States.
Community work
In early 2010 he became vice-chairman of the Jersey Allotment and Leisure Gardening Association (JALGA) becoming instrumental in establishing the very first public allotments at Les Creux in St. Brélade, his home parish. | WIKI |
Unwinding the Miracles and Misfortunes of Anti-infection agents Prescription
Presentation:
Anti-infection agents have upset present day medication, changing the scene of medical services by giving viable instruments to battle bacterial diseases. These strong meds have saved endless lives and mitigated the experiencing brought about by bacterial sicknesses. In any case, the tale of anti-microbials is a situation with two sides, as their abuse and abuse have prompted the rise of anti-toxin obstruction — a worldwide wellbeing danger that requires cautious thought and dependable practices.
The Wonder of Anti-microbials:
Anti-infection agents are a different gathering of meds intended to restrain the development or kill microorganisms. They target explicit bacterial cycles, disturbing their capacity to recreate or get by. Penicillin, the primary anti-infection found by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928, denoted the start of another time in medication. From that point forward, a plenty of anti-infection agents with shifting systems of activity have been created, including antibiotic medications, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones.
Life-Saving Applications:
The essential job of anti-microbials is to treat bacterial contaminations, going from normal sicknesses like strep throat to perilous circumstances like pneumonia and sepsis. They act quickly to dispose of the attacking microorganisms, giving help to the patient and keeping the disease from spreading. Surgeries, organ transfers, and malignant growth medicines frequently depend on anti-microbials to forestall or treat bacterial difficulties.
Difficulties and Traps:
Notwithstanding their obvious advantages, anti-infection agents accompany difficulties that require wary use. Overprescription and unseemly utilization of anti-toxins add to the improvement of anti-toxin safe microscopic organisms. This happens when microbes advance and adjust to endure the impacts of anti-toxins, delivering these prescriptions less successful or even old. The ascent of anti-infection obstruction represents a serious danger to general wellbeing, making Green technology once-treatable diseases possibly lethal.
Mindful Anti-infection Use:
To address the developing worry of anti-infection opposition, medical services experts and people in general should focus on mindful anti-toxin use. This includes endorsing anti-microbials just while important, finishing the full tasks of treatment, and staying away from self-prescription. Furthermore, endeavors to teach both medical services suppliers and everyone about the results of anti-toxin abuse are urgent in advancing dependable anti-microbial practices.
The Eventual fate of Anti-infection agents:
Even with anti-toxin obstruction, scientists are investigating new roads to foster elective antimicrobial procedures. This incorporates the investigation of bacteriophages, the utilization of probiotics, and the advancement of novel anti-microbials with exceptional components of activity. The eventual fate of anti-microbials lies in advancement, capable use, and worldwide coordinated effort to address this squeezing general medical problem.
End:
Anti-microbials have evidently changed the universe of medication, offering viable answers for bacterial diseases. Be that as it may, their abuse and abuse have prompted the development of anti-microbial opposition, representing a huge danger to general wellbeing. As we explore the complicated scene of anti-microbials, an aggregate obligation to dependable use, progressing research, and imaginative arrangements is fundamental to guarantee the proceeded with viability of these life-saving drugs. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Qasidah modern
The result was redirect. I'm not going to merge any content, as none of it is sourced. m.o.p 04:45, 14 December 2011 (UTC)
Qasidah modern
* – ( View AfD View log )
Possibly non-notable form of music. Tagged with notability concerns for over 2 years, can't find any significant mentions and even the Indonesian Wikipedia does not have its own article for this. JoshyDinda (talk) 20:50, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Indonesia-related deletion discussions. —Tom Morris (talk) 00:15, 29 November 2011 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Music-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 01:12, 29 November 2011 (UTC)
* Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
* Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Ron Ritzman (talk) 00:02, 5 December 2011 (UTC)
* Redirect to Music of Indonesia, which already has a section on this. The only source I can find is (half a page of coverage), which I don't think justifies a standalone article. --Cerebellum (talk) 08:16, 5 December 2011 (UTC)
* Merge and redirect content as per Cerebellum. Doesn't need its own article, but a paragraph in music of Indonesia makes sense. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 21:56, 5 December 2011 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Economic Thought
Economic Thought is a biannual peer-reviewed open access academic journal. It was established in 2012 and is published by the World Economics Association.
An innovative feature of the journal is its Open Peer Discussion forum. Submitted papers that meet an acceptable standard of quality are first posted on the forum before a decision is taken on publication.
The journal is abstracted/indexed in Scopus, Research Papers in Economics, Directory of Open Access Journals, PhilPapers, and EconLit. | WIKI |
Pelvic mesh maker AMS claims women were lured into needless surgeries
(Reuters) - American Medical Systems, a major defendant in litigation over controversial vaginal mesh devices, is accusing “a pyramid of businessmen, doctors and lawyers” of luring women into unwarranted surgeries to remove the implants and inflate their damages claims. The company, a unit of Ireland-based Endo International , has set aside $1.9 billion to settle as many as 49,000 lawsuits alleging injury from the devices, but it asserts it should not have to pay for unnecessary medical procedures. Reuters previously reported that a new breed of financier is profiting from surgery on patients involved in litigation against mesh makers: These medical funders, often working through specialized brokers, put up the money for operations in anticipation of recouping their investment, plus a hefty return, when the patients’ lawsuits settle. Now AMS says it has evidence that at least four women were persuaded to undergo surgeries that their own doctors did not recommend. Funding for their procedures was arranged by a lending company working with the doctors who performed them. Hundreds more women may have been similarly steered into mesh removal procedures by a network of lenders, doctors and attorneys “orchestrating the exploitation of unsophisticated medical and legal consumers and seeking to perpetrate a fraud,” AMS said in a May 12 filing in West Virginia federal court. Members of this alleged network deny wrongdoing. They say they helped injured women receive necessary medical care they could not afford or could not obtain from nearby doctors. They say AMS is trying to divert attention from its own liability for flawed devices. AMS is seeking court authorization to obtain more testimony from members of the alleged network. A spokeswoman for Endo, which has ceased selling the mesh devices, declined to comment. One example cited by AMS is Judy Buzzell, who was implanted with a mesh device to treat urinary incontinence in 2009. In 2014, according to Buzzell’s testimony, she received unsolicited phone calls from telemarketers who falsely said her device had been recalled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The callers said they could find her a lawyer and arrange travel to a surgeon who would remove the mesh at no upfront cost. AMS sought testimony from the doctor who implanted Buzzell’s device, who said that when Buzzell consulted him after the telemarketers’ phone calls, he found no mesh-related symptoms and did not recommend removal. Buzzell testified that she decided to proceed anyway because she was experiencing pain and bleeding. Although she had health insurance, the telemarketer and another go-between helped her arrange a $21,000 advance from LawCash, a litigation funder, to pay for surgery and travel from her home in Maine to a doctor in Georgia. According to her contract, which is part of the court record, Buzzell owes 39 percent annual interest, payable if her lawsuit settles. As of August, the total will be $46,500. Based on AMS’s $1.9 billion fund and the number of eligible claims, the average amount available per plaintiff is approximately $39,000, although actual payments are confidential and vary based on individual facts. “I’m screwed on it as far as paying it back, I know that,” Buzzell testified. “But for me to get rid of my pain that I wanted to get rid of, it was worth the trip down and back to get it done.” Buzzell declined to comment for this story. LawCash general counsel Lew Fidler said his company advanced money only to patients who “were desperate for surgery, needed surgery and complained about their circumstances.” According to court filings, Buzzell’s surgery was arranged by another company that acted as a matchmaker between patients and doctors and received a commission from LawCash. Buzzell’s surgeon in Georgia, Michael Hulse, worked frequently with that intermediary, Surgical Assistance. Hulse received about $10,000 for Buzzell’s procedure. Hulse did not respond to requests for comment. Blake Barber, who runs Surgical Assistance, said he encouraged women who contacted him for mesh removal surgery to first seek care from local physicians and use their health insurance. AMS contends the heart of the “illicit enterprise” was a Florida-based marketing company that found potential mesh plaintiffs and supplied client leads to Surgical Assistance. The company, Law Firm Headquarters, bills itself as a “legal marketing and support organization.” As Reuters has reported, AMS subpoenaed Law Firm Headquarters, and several related law firms in March. An attorney for Law Firm Headquarters, Abbe Lowell, said the company was trying to help women harmed by AMS’s products. “(AMS’s) tactics will only delay resolution of these cases, to the further detriment of those who have been injured,” Lowell said. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Williams and Calvert, Fiji and the Fijians, New York, 1860.djvu/172
14:2 FIJI AND THE FIJIANS. heathen life. And this hapless condition they owe to polygamy, which rohs the parent of the comforts and endearments of married life, and gives the child but a slight advantage over the whelp of the brute. ]Iurder, in various forms, is the result of this vicious system. Great numbers produce sterility by drinking medicated waters pre- pared for that purpose, and many more kill their unborn children by mechanical means ; while, in the case of others, death follows imme- diately on birth. Scarcity and war, when they prevail, are often urged in excuse for these crimes. Perhaps the parents belong to two tribes which are at enmity, in which case the mother, rather than multiply the foes of her tribe, will destroy her progeny. In 1850, the Mbua Chief took a principal wife to his home, whereupon another of his wives, in a fit of jealousy, disappointed him by destroying the child which he expected shortly to be born. Nandi, one of whose wives was pregnant, left her to dwell with a second. The forsaken one awaited his return some months, and at last the child disappeared. This practice seemed to be universal on Vanua Levu, — quite a matter of course, — so that few women could be found who had not, in some way, been murderers. The extent of infanticide in some parts of this island reaches nearer to two-thirds than half. Abominable as it is, it is reduced to a system, the professors of which are to be found in every village. I know of no case after the child is one or two days old ; and all destroyed after birth are females, because they are useless in war, or, as some say, because they give so much trouble. But that the former is the prevailing opinion appears from such questions as these, put to persons who may plead for the little one's life : " Why live 1 Will she wield a club? Will she poise a spear?" When a professed murderess is not near, the mother does not hesitate to kill her o'vm babe. With two fingers she compresses its nostrils, while, with the thumb, she keeps the jaw up close ; a few convulsive struggles follow, and the cruel hand of the mother is unloosed, to dig a grave close by where she lies, in which the dead child is placed. Unlike the infanti- cide of the Hindus, that of Fiji is done from motives in which there is no admixture of anything like religious feeling or fear, but merely whim, expediency, anger, or indolence. In connexion with this subject, another proof may be given of the assertion already made, that the Fijians are made up of contradictions. They often adopt orphans, for whom they display far more love than for their own offspring. I should hesitate to give the following illus- tration, were I not well acquainted with most of the parties concerned. Tokanaua was slain in the last Mbua war, in 1844, leaving a son and | WIKI |
Acacia varia
Acacia varia is a shrub of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Pulchellae that is endemism to an area of south western Australia.
Description
The shrub typically grows to a height of 0.2 to 0.6 m blooms in from May to October producing cream-white flowers.
Varieties
There are three varieties:
* Acacia varia var. crassinervis
* Acacia varia var. parviflora
* Acacia varia var. varia
Distribution
It is native to an area in the South West, Goldfields-Esperance and Great Southern regions of Western Australia where it is commonly situated on hills, rises and ridges growing in sandy, loamy or clay loam soils that can contain lateritic gravel. | WIKI |
Lotte Schulz
María Carlota "Lotte" Schultz (1925- January 22, 2016) was a Paraguayan artist. Schulz used several different media in her work, including ceramics, drawing, painting and printmaking. She is known for her innovative prints using cowhide. Schultz was also trained in art restoration. Schultz shared her skills with others as a teacher and worked as an artist throughout her life.
Biography
Schulz was born as María Carlota Schulz in 1925 in Encarnación, Paraguay. Her father was an immigrant to Paraguay from Austro-Hungary and her mother was Paraguayan. When Schulz was four, the family moved to Brazil and lived in Curitiba, São Paulo and Foz de Iguaçu. Later, the family moved back to Paraguay, living in Asunción.
Schultz studied drawing and painting with Guido Viaro in Curitiba between the years 1937 and 1942. She learned engraving from Livio Abramo at the Julián de la Herrería Print Workshop in Asunción in the 1950s. Schultz also worked as a director of the workshop between 1956 and 1960. Schultz also studied ceramics with Edward G. Alien. Schulz also learned art restoration in Florence and Rome.
Schultz taught classes on art restoration and art conservation at the Museo de Bellas Artes. She also taught free art classes at the Escolinha de Arte.
Schulz won second prize at the 1965 Esso Salon of Young Artists in Latin America for Paraguay in the category of painting. In 2008, she was named a Maestra del Arte by the Centro Cultural de la República El Cabildo. She was awarded the Orden Nacional al Mérito en el Grado de Gran Cruz in 2009.
Schulz died on January 22, 2016, in Luque. After Schultz' death, her body was on view at the Museo de Bellas Artes before her remains were cremated.
Work
Schultz worked in several different mediums, including printmaking, painting, graphic design and ceramics. She was also involved in art restoration.
Schultz' work in printmaking used different materials, such as woodcuts and embossing. She was influenced by her teacher, Livio Abramo. Schultz used abstraction and geometric forms in her prints. Her work also pays special attention to tonal value and rhythm. One of the innovations that Schulz created in printmaking was the use of cowhide to make prints.
Schultz has work in the permanent collections of the Museo de Bellas Artes in Asunción, the Essex Collection of Art from Latin America (ESCALA), The Museo de la Fundación Texo, and she has shown her work in North and South America, Europe and South Africa. Her art has also appeared on a Paraguayan postage stamp. | WIKI |
He – and -conformations by means of an oxo-intermediate. (A) Cortisol is synthesized within the adrenal glands. (B) Cortisol and its derivatives are principally excreted in urine; even so, low levels are secreted in bile and enter the gut. (C) Within the gut, cortisol might be side-chain cleaved by microbiota encoding steroid-17,20-desmolase (DesAB) or decreased to 20- or 20-dihydrocortisol by HSDHs.Conjugated BAs, known as “bile salts” on account of their ionized state at physiological pH, have enhanced solubility and greater amphipathicity. The biosynthetic pathway outcomes inside the formation of conjugated cholic acid (CA; three,7,12-hydroxy) or chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA; three,7-hydroxy) with their relative proportions determined by levels of 12-hydroxylase within the liver [33,34]. The ratio of taurine- to glycine-conjugated BAs is dependent on eating plan in humans. A high-protein diet program results in greater taurine conjugation, when vegetarian diets result in extra glycine conjugation [33]. CA and CDCA will be the major BAs developed in humans, whereas other PARP14 Formulation vertebrates make bile salts that differ in ring hydroxylation 5-HT Receptor Agonist MedChemExpress pattern, too as side-chain length and functional groups. The key classes are C24 BAs, C27 BAs, and C27 bile alcohols [41]. C24 BAs are frequent in all vertebrates, but with differing hydroxylation patterns. For instance, mice make CA and convert CDCA to muricholic acids (3,6,7-hydroxy) by means of hydroxylation and epimerization at C-6. C27 bile alcohols are usually synthesized in fish [42] and amphibians, though C27 BAs are present in reptiles and birds [41].Microorganisms 2021, 9,5 ofOnce synthesized, conjugated BAs are actively transported out of hepatocytes in to the bile duct. Conjugated BAs are stored inside the gallbladder till the gallbladder is emptied in to the duodenum in response to a meal [43]. Conjugated bile salts type mixed micelles with cholesterol, lipid-soluble vitamins, and dietary lipids all through the smaller intestine. In the ileum, a sodium-dependent transporter (IBAT) requires up BAs into ileocytes [44]. From ileocytes, they are exported by organic solute transporter OST/ [45,46] into the portal vein, where they circulate back towards the liver within a approach known as enterohepatic circulation [47]. However, 500 mg of BAs every day are certainly not taken up within the ileum and progress for the colon where they encounter gut microbiota [37]. Microbial metabolites of BAs is usually passively absorbed in the colon, travel via the portal vein, and join the recycled host-derived BAs within the liver. Therefore, the biliary pool consists of each hostand microbiota-derived BAs that happen to be re-conjugated and, in some species, 7-hydroxylated, as they return for the liver [48]. As well as the digestive function of BAs, they may be now recognized to act as hormone signaling molecules. BAs are involved in regulation of their very own biosynthesis, too as energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism [43]. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) is often a BAactivated nuclear receptor expressed in tissues including liver, intestine, and kidney [49,50]. FXR regulates BA biosynthesis and enterohepatic circulation by way of lots of mechanisms. The FXR/SHP (compact heterodimer companion) pathway of regulation involves the inhibition of CYP7A1, the rate-limiting step in BA formation. FXR induces the nuclear receptor, SHP, which inhibits liver-related homolog-1 (LRH-1) and hepatocyte nuclear issue 4 (HNF4), both leading to inhibition of CYP7A1 transcription [513]. A different pathway involves FXR, fibroblast development issue 19 (FGF19), and FGF. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ask coding questions
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How can I use multiple Files in a NodeJS Repl?
somecodingguy (0)
I am a creating a chat app and I want to be able to use multiple server-side files. I have created a demo Repl as linked. I tried using const file = require('indexOne.js'); but it thinks I want to install. How can I do this?
Thank you
Comments
hotnewtop
somecodingguy (0)
but how would I access a function from the other file?
Coder100 (18915)
use module.exports to export a variable, function, or object. @somecodingguy
somecodingguy (0)
@Coder100 Yes this works but how would I have multiple functions? Sorry
Coder100 (18915)
using object destructoring, if your file was
module.exports = { a: "1", b: 2 };
then you can import like
const { a, b } = require("...");
@somecodingguy
somecodingguy (0)
@Coder100 so how would I do it with functions? Sorry
Coder100 (18915)
same thing
functions are variables??? @somecodingguy
Coder100 (18915)
no, here is the correct example:
module.exports = function something() {}
const something = require("...");
you only do destructuring for objects.
@somecodingguy
somecodingguy (0)
@Coder100 yes I realized that but i gues i cant use multiple functions.
EpicGamer007 (1755)
put ./ in the string for the require. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Editor's Update on Client Hints
Below is the update Yoav Weiss provided for today's meeting - the same
update Mark read into the record. As discussed in person, the WG needs to
further discuss the scope and timing changes it represents (feel free to
use this thread).
Yoav, thanks for providing the update!
::::
This is a short update on the current status of Client-Hints:
* Accept-CH-Lifetime and the caching mechanism have pending PRs (Fetch#773
<https://github.com/whatwg/fetch/pull/773> and HTML#3774
<https://github.com/whatwg/html/pull/3774>) to integrate their processing
with the Fetch & HTML specifications.
* Client-Hints are now limited to same-origin and secure connections.
* There are plans <https://github.com/WICG/feature-policy/issues/129> to
use Feature Policy as an explicit delegation mechanism for pages to send
specific Client-Hints to certain third parties.
* There are exciting plans
<https://github.com/w3ctag/design-reviews/issues/320> to use Client-Hints
to *minimize* the fingerprinting surface that browsers currently expose.
* Since the list of headers keeps getting longer, we're contemplating
<https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/716> using a `Sec-CH-`
prefix for them (or similar) in order to reduce the probability that some
server will misinterpret them, as well as reduce the administrative
complexity of adding those headers to the CORS safelist.
* Similarly to the way the `save-data` hint was removed from the IETF
draft, we're thinking of further removing the `DPR`, `Viewport-Width` and
`Width` hints to their own spec which is better integrated with Fetch and
HTML, in order to create better separation between the Client-Hints
mechanism and the features that use it.
Hope that clarifies things. Please let me know if you have any further
questions, or if you prefer me to post this update somewhere public.
Apologies for not sending it sooner.
Received on Thursday, 8 November 2018 04:41:06 UTC | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Canadian officials allowed second visit to man detained in China
OTTAWA (Reuters) - Canadian diplomats in China on Thursday held their second meeting with one of two citizens who were detained last month after the arrest of a senior Chinese executive in Vancouver, the Canadian foreign ministry said. “Today, Canadian consular officials in China visited with Michael Kovrig,” the ministry said in a statement that provided no further details. Officials met Michael Spavor, the other man, on Tuesday. Canadian authorities arrested Huawei Technologies Co [HWT.UL] Chief Financial Officer Meng Wanzhou on Dec. 1 on a U.S. extradition warrant. Beijing denounced the move and threatened reprisals unless the case against Meng was dropped. In a newspaper editorial published on Wednesday, Lu Shaye, China’s ambassador to Ottawa, accused Canada of “double standards” which he said were caused by “western egotism and white supremacy.” Although Canada says China has made no specific link between the detentions and Meng’s arrest, experts and former diplomats say they have no doubt Beijing is using the cases of the two men to pressure Ottawa. Reporting by David Ljunggren; editing by Jonathan Oatis | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Belding (surname)
Belding is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Elizabeth Belding, American engineer
* John Belding (1650–1713), American settler
* Lester Belding (1900–1965), American athlete and coach
* Lyman Belding (1829–1917), American ornithologist | WIKI |
-- Ex-Polly Peck CEO Nadir Fled U.K. Charges a ‘Broken Man’
Asil Nadir, the former Polly Peck
International Plc chief executive accused of fraud, said he fled
Britain in 1993 as a “broken man” with no hope of receiving a
fair trial. Nadir, accused by the U.K.’s Serious Fraud Office of
stealing 150 million pounds ($234 million) from the company,
returned to London from Turkish-controlled Northern Cyprus in
August 2010 to face the fraud charges after a U.K. judge agreed
to grant him bail if he did so. Testifying today for the first time, more than five months
after his trial began, Nadir denied stealing from the company he
built and said that lawsuits against him by the company’s
administrators left him bankrupt. “By the time I left the United Kingdom , I was a totally
broken man, my health was in tatters, my hope of a fair trial
was in tatters,” Nadir, 71, said. Prosecutors allege that between 1987 and 1990 Nadir and his
associates withdrew money from the now-defunct electronics and
food-packaging firm’s U.K. accounts, funneling it to Swiss and
Bahamian companies. When London-based Polly Peck collapsed in
1990, its administrators found more than 700 million pounds owed
to creditors was unrecoverable from units of the company, which
Nadir built up during the 1980s by expanding into electronics
and hotels and acquiring the Del Monte fruit brand. The SFO accuses Nadir of 13 counts of theft totaling about
34 million pounds, using a selection of “sample” transfers.
Prosecutors said on the first day of trial that the actual
amount is about 150 million pounds. ‘Tremendous Future’ Nadir said today that Polly Peck wasn’t insolvent when the
board placed it into administration in October 1990. “I think it had a tremendous future,” Nadir said. “And
this is not one only I shared.” The prosecution finished its arguments yesterday in the
case, which was initially scheduled to last for four months. It
has dragged on as jurors’ illnesses have caused five weeks of
delays. Defense arguments are scheduled to last about a month. Prosecutors said Nadir stole from the company’s accounts at
National Westminster Bank Plc and Midland Bank Plc through at
least 70 transfers, and that the money was used to secretly buy
shares in Polly Peck and other companies. He also allegedly used
the money to repay loans, make payments to family trusts and pay
companies controlled by himself and his mother. Nadir left England for Northern Cyprus in May 1993, the
year he was scheduled to stand trial. Mining Town Nadir told the jury he grew up in a mining town in North
Cyprus, where his ancestors had lived since the 16th century. He
went to college in Istanbul before moving in 1963 to England,
where he set up a textile company in London’s East End. It
acquired Polly Peck, then a “very small entity,” in 1980, Nadir
said. He expanded the firm to more than 200 subsidiaries in food,
electronics, textiles and leisure, with offices in Lefkosia,
Cyprus, New York , Istanbul and Hong Kong , the SFO said. SFO prosecutors told jurors that Polly Peck increased
Nadir’s salary in 1990 to 350,000 pounds from 200,000 and gave
him use of a corporate airplane and five cars, including a
Bentley and a Ferrari. Under Nadir’s leadership, Polly Peck loaned hundreds of
millions of pounds to its subsidiaries in Turkey and Cyprus in
the years before the company’s collapse. Nadir later said the
money was for a capital expenditure program and advance payments
to citrus growers to benefit the company, according to the SFO. To contact the reporter on this story:
Lindsay Fortado in London at
lfortado@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Anthony Aarons at
aaarons@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Introduction: Octoprint Setup on OrangePiLite
Picture of Octoprint Setup on OrangePiLite
What you need
1. OrangePi Lite (https://www.banggood.com/it/Orange-Pi-Lite-with-Quad-Core-1_2GHz-512MB-DDR3-WiFi-Mini-PC-p-1101903.html)
2. USB Keyboard and Monitor with HDMI cable only for first setup
3. Power Adapter for OrangePi Lite (not an USB one as OrangePi Lite as this board doesn’t take power from USB ports)
Step 1: Install Octoprint
Picture of Install Octoprint
1. Download Orange Pi Lite img from here: https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwPG1so4QBZXSFNz...
2. Burn to your micro SD card with Win32DiskImager
3. Connect a keyboard and connect to a monitor
4. Login using username: root password: octoprint
5. Type the command “sudo cfdisk /dev/mmcblk0
6. Select the partition called "/dev/mmcblk0p1" with the arrow keys and then select DELETE
7. Make a new one that will use the full size of your sd card.
8. Select WRITE and type YES when confirmation is required.
9. Select QUIT and press Enter.
10. Type “sudo reboot” to and wait for the Orange Pi to reboot.
11. Log in again with user root and run the command “sudo resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p1
12. Type “sudo reboot” to and wait for the Orange Pi to reboot.
13. Log in again and run the command “nmtui”, a network utility will help you to connect to your WiFi network following the instructions.
14. Type “shutdown” to quit and wait for it to turn off.
Step 2: First Access to Octoprint Server
Picture of First Access to Octoprint Server
1. Connect OrangePi to your printer with USB cable
2. Login Octoprint Server opening your browser and navigate to orangeocto.local:5000 or to IP address assigned to OrangePi by your router
3. Follow Octoprint step by step setup
4. When in Software Update tab add /home/pi/OctoPrint/ as your git update path.
5. in Webcam & Timelapse tab replace IP address with your own
For more into about Octoprint, http://octoprint.org/
Step 3: Setup Cura (optional)
Picture of Setup Cura (optional)
From version 2.7 Cura slicer (https://ultimaker.com/en/products/cura-software) can directy be connected to Octoprint and directly send cgode to printer.
1. To setup login to octoprint and from Settings and API tab copy API key
2. Then open Cura and go to Preferences Configura Cura… - Printers. Select your printer and press Connect Octoprint.
3. click Add to setup a new Octoprint instance; fill in Name, IP and Port Number, than input API key.
4. Now you can send prints directly from Cura and monitor status and video streaming.
Comments
Luigi Basa (author)2017-11-21
Domanda da perfetto ignorante in materia... In questo modo stai installando sulla micro-sd direttamente una sorta di server-octoprint, non un sistema operativo (es Armbian) dal quale poi installavi Octoprint, giusto?
E poi per la telecamera? esiste il modulo da connettere direttamente all'Orangepi lite, ma non è facile trovare info su come impostarlo, tu ne sai qualcosa? :)
AlessandroG2 (author)Luigi Basa2017-11-21
Si installa sia il sistema operativo che octoprint, la comodità dell'immagine gia preparata è che molti settaggi son già fatti in questo modo. Per la camera, basta una webcam usb, io uso una logitech
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User:Rwintle/project3
The AX80 is a polyphonic analogue keyboard synthesizer manufactured by Akai Professional in the mid-1980s. It was Akai's first venture into the professional electronic musical instrument market. The AX80 used digitally-controlled analogue oscillators and filter circuitry based on the Curtis Electronics CEM 3372 integrated circuit. It was marketed as part of a line of project studio equipment, including the S612 digital sampler and the MG1212 multitrack tape recorder.
Features and Cabinet
This electronic keyboard is an 8-voice polyphonic, digitally controlled analogue synthesizer. It has 64 memory locations for sounds ("patches"), arranged in two banks of 32 each, plus a bank of 32 factory preset sounds. The instrument has basic MIDI implementation, but lacks the ability to save or restore sounds except by using cassette tape.
Front panel
The front panel has a volume knob, a master tuning knob, a data entry knob for programming patches, modulation and pitch wheels with knobs for the depth of the effect, and various buttons to switch on and off modulation destinations, enable chord memory, transpose the keyboard, or infinitely sustain notes. The case is black metal with fluorescent displays to indicate the status of different synthesis parameters (see Figure 1), and black rubberized end pieces.
Back panel
The back panel is unusual in that it is tilted from vertical so that the connectors can be seen from the front of the instrument. There are quarter-inch jacks for recording data to cassette tape, sustain and program change footpedal jacks, MIDI in, out and "thru" DIN connectors, a monaural quarter-inch audio output, a quarter-inch headphone jack, and memory protect and power switches.
Keyboard
The keyboard is five octaves (61 notes, C to C) and is unweighted. It has velocity, but not aftertouch, sensitivity. The output MIDI velocity values span the full range (up to 127), but only discrete "steps" are used (in other words, not every integer value from 1 to 127).
Voice architecture
The synthesizer voices are somewhat similar to those found in the Roland JX-3P, in that there are two oscillators (referred to as "OSC"s) per voice, with the option of sawtooth and/or square waveforms. OSC2 can be synchronized to OSC1, or the two oscillators can be cross-modulated. The OSCs can be separated by semitone intervals (up to four octaves) and detuned (to approximately a semitone). There is pulse-width modulation of the square wave of OSC1 (with a dedicated low-frequency oscillator (LFO) for this) and a square-wave sub-oscillator that is fixed at one octave lower. OSC2's pitch can be modulated by by one of the two ADSR envelope generators, which are dedicated to VCA volume and VCF cutoff frequency. The filter is a 24dB/octave resonant lowpass, and there is also a separate 12 dB/octave highpass filter.
Tracking of filter cutoff frequency with keyboard position is fully variable, allowing for sounds to become either "brighter" or more muted as higher notes are played. Keyboard velocity can affect volume and/or filter cutoff.
The modulation section of this synthesizer features four low-frequency oscillators. Three of these have four available waveforms (sine, square, sawtooth and ramp), and these LFOs are dedicated to filter cutoff, amplitude, and pitch. These also have a programmable delay before their effect sets in. The fourth LFO is dedicated to pulse-width modulation of OSC2, and only its rate and depth are programmable.
There is also a programmable output level for each patch, to help balance loud and soft sounds. Notably missing from the voice architecture is white noise or portamento.
Performance controls
The AX80 has knobs for master volume and tuning, and a data entry knob that can be used to alter the currently selected parameter in real-time, although the value will jump to the knob's current position. There are various switches to select modulation destinations controlled by the modulation wheel (filter and pitch), to enable chord memory or infinite sustain of notes, and to select or edit sounds. The pitch-bend and modulation wheels also have knobs governing the depth of the effect of each. Footswitches can control sustain or switch sounds by moving up one patch at a time.
MIDI implementation
The AX80 has fairly standard MIDI implementation for an instrument of this vintage, with the ability to use any channel (1-16) for transmission or reception (these can be set differently). The instrument does not, however, recognize the MIDI tuning request, nor does it allow for saving or loading sounds (patches) to a computer via system-exclusive data dumps.
Accessories
When it was released, Akai advertised various accessories for the AX80: a footswitch (PS-X80), the FC-X80 flight case, HC-X80 hard case, SC-X80 soft case, and a vinyl dust cover (DC-X80).
Use in recorded music
An AX80 appears in the video for Kim Mitchell's song "All We Are", played by Pye Dubois, although the manufacturer's name is blacked out. Greek synth-pop duo Marsheaux are also said to use the AX80.
Literature
Full-page advertisements with the slogan "Simply...Awesome!" ran in Keyboard Magazine during the mid-1980s. The AX80 also appears in the price lists at the end of both editions of Mark Vail’s Vintage Synthesizers. The second edition contains a footnote: "If you can get around the interfaces on the Akai AX-series synths, Wes Taggart [of Analogics (Geneva, Ohio, USA)] reports that 'a good-sounding synth lies beneath'". Jim Aikin reviewed the AX80 in Keyboard Magazine in January of 1985, noting it has a "warm, full souund, and can deliver a full palette of musically useful tone colors.... an excellent first entry into the keyboard market, by a company that we're sure to be seeing more from." Keyboard also printed a capsule summary in its new product profile "Spec Sheet" feature. There is also a two-page review in Complete Guide to Synthesizers, Sequencers, and Drum Machines, by Dean Friedman.
Other Sources
* AX80 marketing brochure, Akai Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, circa 1984
* Akai Professional brochure, Akai Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, circa 1985
* Akai Micro Studio System fold-out brochure, Akai Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, circa 1984
* AX80 user's manual
Category: Synthesizers Category:Akai_synthesizers | WIKI |
Lifespan of a Fly
Bhakti Satalkar Oct 16, 2018
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The lifespan of flies is different in different climate zones. At the same the, females and males of the same species also often live for different durations. Scroll down to know more about it...
A fly is an insect which belongs to the family called Diptera. A fly typically has a pair of wings around the mesothorax region, and a pair of halteres on the metathorax. The Diptera family has as many as 240,000 species, which makes it one of the most commonly seen insects.
Flies have small and streamlined bodies, which are good for aerial movements. They are known to have mobile heads. They have compound eyes.
Most have antennae, which are normally short. None of the species have teeth, and therefore survive on liquid food. Their gut is able to store a small quantity of liquid after every meal.
What is the Lifespan of a Fly?
The lifespan depends on the temperature and the feeding conditions encountered by the fly. In a 29º C condition, flies live for about 25-35 days. However, if the temperature drops down to 25º C, then the fly lives for between 60 and 92 days. If the temperature falls below 25º C, flies can live even longer.
Lifespan of a House Fly
Houseflies typically pass through four stages, namely egg, larva, pupa and adult stage. Along with the temperature and feeding conditions, it is seen that flies that live near human populations have a longer lifespan as compared to flies which live in the wild.
Egg
A female fly is able to lay about 500 eggs. The female normally lays about 100 eggs in five batches. The eggs are white in color and 1.2 mm long.
Larvae
The larva of a fly is known as a maggot. Depending on the climatic conditions, the eggs are hatched within 8 to 20 hours of being laid. As soon as the maggots emerge out of the eggs, they begin to feed on all that they can find. They grow well in warm and moist conditions.
Pupa
Maggots stay in moist conditions for about 10 to 12 days, before looking for dry pastures, where they enter the pupa stage. For the maggots to make their way from the larva stage to the pupa stage, it will take anywhere between three to six days.
In this stage the color of the maggots changes to a reddish brown, as they prepare themselves for the last stage of their life.
Adults
From the pupa stage, the fly hatches into the adult stage. An adult house fly lives for 15 to 30 days. The females are able to lay eggs for as long as a month. You will be able to differentiate between a male fly and a female fly from their sizes―female flies are larger than the male flies.
Lifespan of a Fruit Fly
Like in the case of the housefly, the fruit fly also goes through four phases in its life, namely egg, larva, pupa and adult. The egg and the larva stage of the fruit fly lasts for about eight days and about six days in the pupa stage. After 24 hours of being laid the egg hatches into a larva.
The larva of a fruit fly has two molting periods. In the molting phase the cuticle, mouth, hooks, and spiracles of the larva are shed. The larva becomes hard, and its color changes. The female starts laying eggs 48 hours after entering the adult phase.
Although the lifespan of a fly is short, they multiply quickly and are known to spread diseases like cholera and tuberculosis. They transmit these diseases by carrying the germs as well as feeding on foods carrying the germs. Keeping your house clean is important, so that there are no potential breeding grounds for these insects. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Does Fat Return After Liposuction?
Ruchi Negi
4 min readSep 28, 2022
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Is liposuction permanent?
Will I gain weight after my surgery?
Does the fat grow back after liposuction?
If you’re looking into liposuction as a way to drop those extra pounds, you might have come across the question of whether or not fat returns after liposuction. It’s true that after undergoing liposuction, some patients find that they need to follow up with additional procedures in order to achieve the figure they want. Before undergoing any kind of cosmetic procedure, it’s important to research all available options and learn about their potential outcomes — including what can happen if you don’t stick with the program!
Complete Guide to Liposuction: FAQs to Help You
Let us understand how the liposuction surgery is done to answer whether the fat removed during the surgery has chances of returning or not.
The truth about fat returning
The amount of fat that returns after liposuction varies from person to person. If the patient’s body has a tendency to store fat in that area, then it is possible for some of the fat cells to return. Most patients can expect their results to last anywhere from two to 10 years depending on the patient’s lifestyle, genetics, and skin elasticity. Age is also a factor; younger patients will have more elastic skin and less potential for weight fluctuations than older patients. For example, our youngest patient was 7-years-old with an additional 20 pounds removed at her first procedure. That resulted in 10 years worth of weight loss!
Do fat cells shrink after surgery?
Fat cells are not able to be permanently removed with liposuction. However, the removal of fat does change the size and shape of fat cells. The fat that is left after surgery will never shrink in size as it was already at its maximum before the surgery. It is possible for some patients to see a decrease in volume over time due to weight loss, better diet or exercise habits, or a change in hormonal balance.
It is also possible for fat cells to grow as a result of an increase in weight or a change in diet and exercise. Essentially, fat cells can fluctuate depending on factors such as genetics, hormone levels and weight gain/loss. However, it is important to note that patients are often reluctant to lose weight after liposuction surgery because they fear their body will not look like how it did before.
Liposuction does not remove fat permanently?
Contrary to popular belief, liposuction does not permanently remove fat cells from the body. In fact, over time fat can grow back. This is why it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and make wise food choices following liposuction. It may be possible to delay or even prevent recurrence of fat cells by engaging in regular exercise and avoiding excessive weight gain. Furthermore, regular exercise helps reduce stress levels which have been found to accelerate the growth of new fat cells.
If you are considering liposuction, please discuss with your plastic surgeon how long you can expect to maintain results before they are likely to recur. In addition, talk to your surgeon about lifestyle changes and weight management strategies that may help to minimize fat re-growth after surgery.
Post-surgery maintenance
Liposuction is not a weight loss procedure and is not recommended for those who are obese. It is not a quick fix or an easy way to lose weight. Liposuction should only be considered by those who have tried every other method of losing weight and are still struggling.
The risk of storing fat cells returns over time, but it is something that can be avoided with a healthy lifestyle. Unfortunately, no matter how much effort you put into staying in shape following surgery, you will eventually return to your original weight. This means if you lose 100 pounds of fat and gain 20 pounds through liposuction, and then stop exercising and eating healthy-you’ll probably have at least 110 pounds on your body once again.
Realistic expectations when considering liposuction
The good news is that, for most people, liposuction is a permanent solution to their body contouring needs. The bad news is that all surgical procedures come with the risk of complications, including an increased risk of fat re-absorption. This means that there are certain factors that can impact how long your results will last. The best way to minimize this risk is through proper post-operative care, which includes not smoking and maintaining a healthy lifestyle by eating well and exercising regularly.
If you have more questions or concerns about maintaining liposuction procedure results or the surgery, feel free to book your consultation for liposuction in Delhi. You can also call or email us today.
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Ruchi Negi
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I am good as a writer com publisher! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Corners theorem
Corners theorem In arithmetic combinatorics, the corners theorem states that for every {displaystyle varepsilon >0} , for large enough {displaystyle N} , any set of at least {displaystyle varepsilon N^{2}} points in the {displaystyle Ntimes N} grid {displaystyle {1,ldots ,N}^{2}} contains a corner, i.e., a triple of points of the form {displaystyle {(x,y),(x+h,y),(x,y+h)}} with {displaystyle hneq 0} . It was first proved by Miklós Ajtai and Endre Szemerédi in 1974 using Szemerédi's theorem.[1] In 2003, József Solymosi gave a short proof using the triangle removal lemma.[2] Contents 1 Statement 2 Proof overview 3 Quantitative bounds 4 Multidimensional extension 4.1 Multidimensional Szemerédi's Theorem 5 References 6 External links Statement Define a corner to be a subet of {displaystyle mathbb {Z} ^{2}} of the form {displaystyle {(x,y),(x+h,y),(x,y+h)}} , where {displaystyle x,y,hin mathbb {Z} } and {displaystyle hneq 0} . For every {displaystyle varepsilon >0} , there exists a positive integer {displaystyle N(varepsilon )} such that for any {displaystyle Ngeq N(varepsilon )} , any subset {displaystyle Asubseteq {1,ldots ,N}^{2}} with size at least {displaystyle varepsilon N^{2}} contains a corner.
The condition {displaystyle hneq 0} can be relaxed to {displaystyle h>0} by showing that if {displaystyle A} is dense, then it has some dense subset that is centrally symmetric.
Proof overview What follows is a sketch of Solymosi's argument.
Suppose {displaystyle Asubset {1,ldots ,N}^{2}} is corner-free. Construct an auxiliary tripartite graph {displaystyle G} with parts {displaystyle X={x_{1},ldots ,x_{N}}} , {displaystyle Y={y_{1},ldots ,y_{N}}} , and {displaystyle Z={z_{1},ldots ,z_{2N}}} , where {displaystyle x_{i}} corresponds to the line {displaystyle x=i} , {displaystyle y_{j}} corresponds to the line {displaystyle y=j} , and {displaystyle z_{k}} corresponds to the line {displaystyle x+y=k} . Connect two vertices if the intersection of their corresponding lines lies in {displaystyle A} .
Note that a triangle in {displaystyle G} corresponds to a corner in {displaystyle A} , except in the trivial case where the lines corresponding to the vertices of the triangle concur at a point in {displaystyle A} . It follows that every edge of {displaystyle G} is in exactly one triangle, so by the triangle removal lemma, {displaystyle G} has {displaystyle o(|V(G)|^{2})} edges, so {displaystyle |A|=o(N^{2})} , as desired.
Quantitative bounds Let {displaystyle r_{angle }(N)} be the size of the largest subset of {displaystyle [N]^{2}} which contains no corner. The best known bounds are {displaystyle {frac {N^{2}}{2^{(c_{1}+o(1)){sqrt {log _{2}N}}}}}leq r_{angle }(N)leq {frac {N^{2}}{(log log N)^{c_{2}}}},} where {displaystyle c_{1}approx 1.822} and {displaystyle c_{2}approx 0.0137} . The lower bound is due to Green,[3] building on the work of Linial and Shraibman.[4] The upper bound is due to Shkredov.[5] Multidimensional extension A corner in {displaystyle mathbb {Z} ^{d}} is a set of points of the form {displaystyle {a}cup {a+he_{i}:1leq ileq d}} , where {displaystyle e_{1},ldots ,e_{d}} is the standard basis of {displaystyle mathbb {R} ^{d}} , and {displaystyle hneq 0} . The natural extension of the corners theorem to this setting can be shown using the hypergraph removal lemma, in the spirit of Solymosi's proof. The hypergraph removal lemma was shown independently by Gowers[6] and Nagle, Rödl, Schacht and Skokan.[7] Multidimensional Szemerédi's Theorem The multidimensional Szemerédi theorem states that for any fixed finite subset {displaystyle Ssubseteq mathbb {Z} ^{d}} , and for every {displaystyle varepsilon >0} , there exists a positive integer {displaystyle N(S,varepsilon )} such that for any {displaystyle Ngeq N(S,varepsilon )} , any subset {displaystyle Asubseteq {1,ldots ,N}^{d}} with size at least {displaystyle varepsilon N^{d}} contains a subset of the form {displaystyle acdot S+h} . This theorem follows from the multidimensional corners theorem by a simple projection argument.[6] In particular, Roth's theorem follows directly from the ordinary corners theorem.
References ^ Ajtai, Miklós; Szemerédi, Endre (1974). "Sets of lattice points that form no squares". Stud. Sci. Math. Hungar. 9: 9–11. MR 0369299.. ^ Solymosi, József (2003). "Note on a generalization of Roth's theorem". In Aronov, Boris; Basu, Saugata; Pach, János; et al. (eds.). Discrete and computational geometry. Algorithms and Combinatorics. Vol. 25. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 825–827. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55566-4_39. ISBN 3-540-00371-1. MR 2038505. ^ Green, Ben (2021). "Lower Bounds for Corner-Free Sets". arXiv:0710.3032 [math.CO]. ^ Linial, Nati; Shraibman, Adi (2021). "Larger Corner-Free Sets from Better NOF Exactly-N Protocols". Discrete Analysis. 2021. arXiv:2102.00421. doi:10.19086/da.28933. S2CID 231740736. ^ Shkredov, I.D. (2006). "On a Generalization of Szemerédi's Theorem". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 93 (3): 723–760. arXiv:math/0503639. doi:10.1017/S0024611506015991. S2CID 55252774. ^ Jump up to: a b Gowers, Timothy (2007). "Hypergraph regularity and the multidimensional Szemerédi theorem". Annals of Mathematics. 166 (3): 897–946. arXiv:0710.3032. doi:10.4007/annals.2007.166.897. MR 2373376. S2CID 56118006. ^ Rodl, V.; Nagle, B.; Skokan, J.; Schacht, M.; Kohayakawa, Y. (2005-05-26). "From The Cover: The hypergraph regularity method and its applications". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (23): 8109–8113. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.8109R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0502771102. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1149431. PMID 15919821. External links Proof of the corners theorem on polymath. Categories: 1974 introductions1974 in mathematicsRamsey theoryAdditive combinatoricsTheorems in combinatorics
Si quieres conocer otros artículos parecidos a Corners theorem puedes visitar la categoría 1974 in mathematics.
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Wearing a mask - Covid 19
Simple tips to protect your skin while wearing a mask
Doctor:
Wearing a mask for longer periods can lead to many skin issues. Make sure your skin is safe too with these easy tips
One cannot avoid wearing a mask as it is one of the most potential measures to slow the spread of coronavirus, but wearing one can be harsh on your skin, especially if it is the sensitive type. Wearing masks for a longer period of time can invite skin irritation, bruises, or even breakouts. Here are a few essential tricks to take care of your skin while wearing a mask, said Dr Shraddha Deshpande, consultant plastic and reconstructive surgeon, Wockhardt Hospital.
Continuous use of masks allows oil and sweat to build up, traps your breath and creates a warm, humid environment leading to acne (breakouts), rashes, skin irritation, bruises, or skin infections.
Following these tips can come handy to avoid such skin-related issues.
*Use a gentle cleanser before wearing a face mask. Don’t forget to use a light moisturiser if your skin is dry. Say no to ointments that are too greasy, and use a proper-fitting mask. The mask should not be tight as your skin will not be able to breathe.
*Washing your face with a mild salicylic acid-based face wash and avoiding harsh alkaline soaps is advisable. Make sure to wash your hands with soap and water after removing your mask.
*Apply gel-based light moisturiser at the mask-skin interface to avoid marks and chafing.
*Avoid using concealers, compact, and other makeup products in the mask covered areas. Stick to mineral-based makeup and lip balms, if you have to.
*Use either disposable three-ply masks or masks made of natural materials that can be washed regularly. Avoid synthetic materials like nylon, rayon, and polyester.
*Follow a night skincare routine. Cleanse your face nightly and use your skincare products like vitamin C serum and retinol at night for optimum effect. Wash your cloth mask daily.
*If you have areas on your skin that are raw or chaffed, then you should apply an ointment to these areas after you are finished wearing your mask for the day. But, consult your doctor regarding the ointment you must use. Do not use any over-the-counter (OTC) products that can worsen your problems.
*If you tend to experience breakouts, rash or dermatitis from face masks, it is advisable to avoid using harsh cleansers, exfoliators, and drying skin products that contain alcohol and retinol. These products dry out the skin and your face mask will rub and cause further skin damage.
*Drink at least three litres of water daily and avoid late nights. Follow these simple guidelines to enjoy clean and blemish-free skin.
You must be logged in to post a comment. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Kulicke and Soffa Industries Down to Strong Sell on Weak Q4 - Analyst Blog
Zacks Investment Research downgraded Kulicke and Soffa Industries, Inc. ( KLIC ) to a Zacks Rank #5 (Strong Sell) on Nov 25, 2014. Going by the Zacks model, companies holding a Zacks Rank #5 have strong chances of performing worse than the broader market.
Why the Downgrade?
Shares of Kulicke and Soffa Industries have fallen 3.2% since the company reported weaker-than-expected results for fourth-quarter fiscal 2014 (ended Sep 27, 2014) on Nov 6. Disappointment over results was also evident from downward revision in earnings estimates by brokerage firms. A brief discussion on the quarter's result has been provided below:
Kulicke and Soffa Industries' earnings came in at 38 cents per share, down 2.6% year over year and 9.5% below the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 42 cents per share. Revenue growth of 12.2% was partially offset by a 10.2% increase in cost of sales. Gross margin grew 90 basis points (bps) to 47.4%. Operating expenses expanded 18.9% year over year, reducing operating margin by 60 bps to 19.3%.
For first-quarter fiscal 2015, Kulicke and Soffa Industries expects revenues in a range of $90−$100 million, lower than $195 million recorded in fourth-quarter fiscal 2014.
Dismal fourth-quarter fiscal 2014 performance as well as weak revenue outlook has made investors dubious about Kulicke and Soffa Industries' performance in the future. Over the last 30 days, the Zacks Consensus Estimate has dropped 14.4% to 83 cents per share for fiscal 2015, while the same is pegged at 95 cents per share for fiscal 2016.
Other Stocks to Consider
Kulicke and Soffa Industries currently has a $1.1 billion market capitalization. Some better-ranked stocks in the machinery industry include MKS Instruments, Inc. ( MKSI ), Rudolph Technologies Inc. ( RTEC ) and Tessera Technologies Inc. ( TSRA ). All these stocks sport a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy).
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
package Foo; use Moose; #=================================== has 'foo' => ( #=================================== is => 'ro', isa => 'Str', ); package Bar; use Moose; #=================================== has 'bar' => ( #=================================== is => 'ro', isa => 'Str', ); #=================================== has 'foo' => ( #=================================== is => 'ro', isa => 'Foo', traits => ['Elastic::Model::Trait::Field'], include_in_all => 0, ); package FieldTest::Object; use Elastic::Doc; #=================================== has 'basic_attr' => ( #=================================== is => 'ro', isa => 'Bar', ); #=================================== has 'disabled_attr' => ( #=================================== is => 'ro', isa => 'Bar', enabled => 0 ); #=================================== has 'options_attr' => ( #=================================== is => 'ro', isa => 'Bar', 'dynamic' => 'true', 'path' => 'full', 'include_in_all' => 0, ); #=================================== has 'multi_attr' => ( #=================================== is => 'ro', isa => 'Bar', multi => { one => { type => 'string' } } ); 1; | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Parallels in the Teachings of Christ and Buddha
The result was speedy delete. G12, copyright violation (according to the dates, the blog was created first) Mgm|(talk) 08:42, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
List of Parallels in the Teachings of Christ and Buddha
* ( [ delete] ) – (View AfD) (View log)
Original research. An article can be written about the possible influence of Buddhism on the gospels (we may have one, I don't know). A list of parallels though is inherently a POV / OR list, where what one person considers a parallel may be a coincidence or unrelated to another person. No good rules can be given as to what can be included and what can't. Fram (talk) 15:13, 26 January 2009 (UTC)
By Marcus Borg, Jack Kornfield, Ray Riegert Contributor Jack Kornfield Edition: illustrated Published by Ulysses Press, 2004 ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>,<PHONE_NUMBER>610 160 pages" and more — Preceding unsigned comment added by Collect (talk • contribs)
* keep As books have been written on this, I would suggest that an article does not require OR. "Jesus and Buddha: The Parallel Sayings
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Religion-related deletion discussions. —J.Mundo (talk) 15:41, 26 January 2009 (UTC)
* Keep per collect, but with no prejudice against extensive copyediting of the article to remove OR that exceeds what sources document. Jclemens (talk) 16:27, 26 January 2009 (UTC)
* Delete This is quite interesting, but not really an encyclopedia article on a topic. Many people would also object that there is no proof that the sayings quoted are really from Buddha or Jesus. They could be older folk wisdom later attributed to both. BTW Buddha's name should really come first since he is older. Redddogg (talk) 17:10, 26 January 2009 (UTC)
* Comment Actual atribution is pretty irrelevent to this discussion, since reliable sources comment on these sayings assuming they originate as supposed. Jclemens (talk) 17:57, 26 January 2009 (UTC)
* Keep encyclopedic and sourceable topic that's a reasonable fork-for-length of Buddhism and Christianity. Article needs a significant amount of work--no evidence that this isn't at least a case of WP:SYNTH--but lots of Google hits for parallels between the sayings of the two. Needs sourcing (see extensive sources at Buddhism and Christianity)--who says those particular passages are comparable? JJL (talk) 17:31, 26 January 2009 (UTC)
* Comment: for everyone wanting to keep this; please take note that this article is not a discussion of the parallels between the two, but a list. An article (as a split from the main article) discussing the general principle of similarities and differences between the sayings of the two may be very encyclopedic (I would prefer more well-known scientific publishers than Ulysses Press, but I can imagine that scholars of comparative religion have extensively written about this as well): but such añ article needs only some short examples, and that's it. An article dedicated solely to a list of such parallels is one-sided and, even when sourced, belongs more in Wikisource than here. Fram (talk) 19:51, 26 January 2009 (UTC)
* Delete as per nom LOTRrules Talk Contribs 20:51, 26 January 2009 (UTC)
* Delete I was about to vote to keep but to rename and rework it, until I realised that it was a split from a main article. What's useful here can be moved back to the main article, but the side-by-side comparisons are very OR and article writer's shouldn't make direct comparisons like this even if they are similiar. Themfromspace (talk) 22:03, 26 January 2009 (UTC)
* Speedy Delete for Plagiarism It appears the author of this article "borrowed" the text from this blog: -- even down to the typo about foxes having "wholes." Pastor Theo (talk) 22:59, 26 January 2009 (UTC)
* Delete Unnecessary fork of the main article. Fails WP:SYNTH. --Patar knight - chat/contributions 01:05, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Kraft lignin valorization by hydrotreatment over Mo-based sulfided catalysts
Doctoral thesis, 2022
The production of green fuels and chemicals from bio-based feedstock can suppress the dependency on fossil resources and help mitigate global climate challenges. Kraft lignin is a thermochemically modified natural lignin obtained from the pulping process as a byproduct. It is an underutilized fraction, often used to recover heat and energy in the current industrial practice. Chemically, it is highly rich in aromatics and thus has a huge potential to provide platform chemicals/fuels. However, the major challenge in the valorization of Kraft lignin is its recalcitrance to depolymerization due to the presence of strong interunit carbon-carbon linkages. Also, upon depolymerization, active monomeric fragments undergo repolymerization reactions forming undesired solid residue/char, thus making the transformation highly challenging.
In this context, Mo-based sulfide catalysts being sulfur tolerant and active for removing heteroatom-such as S, N, O, metals have been modified and studied with the aim to elucidate the selective cleavage of common lignin linkages, the hydrotreating potential of Kraft lignin, and upgrading of lignin derived bio-oil. The reactivity of lignin dimers, representing common lignin linkages, shows that NiMo sulfides over ultra-stable Y-zeolite support, with a higher amount of Brønsted acidity, can efficiently cleave both etheric and carbon-carbon linkages and yield deoxygenated aromatics and cycloalkanes by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Such hydrogenolysis, hydrocracking, and deoxygenation activity were also found to vary with the silica/alumina ratio of the Y-zeolites. The optimum activity was obtained with catalysts having a suitable balance of acidic and deoxygenation sites (metal sulfides). Additionally, one-pot hydrotreatment of Kraft lignin with a suitably functional catalyst shows a significant reduction in the repolymerization reactions, leading to a high yield of bio-oil rich in alkylbenzene and cycloalkane, a fraction suitable for example for jet fuel applications. Characterization reveals that the key function of a suitable catalyst is hydrogen activation at a lower temperature which facilitates stabilization of the lignin fragments, the moderate acidity of the catalysts, and high HDO activity of the catalyst. Furthermore, unsupported Ni/Mo-sulfides have been synthesized and found highly active for deoxygenation reaction and Kraft lignin hydrotreatment, resulting mainly from their defect-rich morphology.
Conventional Mo-based sulfide catalysts thus can be tailored to enable their effective application in the upgrading of complex biorefinery feedstocks to value added components.
Char
Bio-oil
Kraft Lignin
Hydrodeoxygenation
Y-zeolite
Metal sulfide
Depolymerization
Acidity
KA, Kemigården 4
Opponent: Associate Professor Päivi Mäki-Arvela, Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
Author
Muhammad Abdus Salam
Chalmers, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Technology
The production of biofuels from renewable resources can make a vital contribution to meet the vision of a fossil-free transport sector by 2030 in Sweden. Conventional biofuels based on food-grade biomass like sugarcane, corn, or edible vegetable oil are not sustainable and risks food security. Therefore, the focus has been shifted to non-food based biomass to produce advanced biofuels. The biorefinery byproduct, lignin has good potential to be a source of advanced biofuel/platform chemicals. In the current biorefineries (e.g., pulp and paper industry), a large amount of lignin is separated as a byproduct during the production of cellulosic pulp from woody plant materials. The usual practice is to incinerate this carbon-rich fraction for heating purposes. Very few biorefineries utilize this product fraction to extract valuable products. Briefly, this thesis focuses on the use of this low-value fraction to produce value added fuel components via catalytic hydrotreatment, a technique used to remove sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, etc. with hydrogen and in the presence of a robust catalyst.
Specifically, this thesis investigates the application of low-cost, sulfur tolerant supported and unsupported Mo-based transition metal sulfides and ultra-stable Y zeolite materials for the upgrading of lignin (Kraft) and lignin derived bio-oil. Since lignin is a heterogenous biopolymer having interunit carbon-carbon and carbon-oxygen-carbon linkages, the reactivity of these linkages was examined using model lignin dimers and sulfided catalysts with varying support acidity and textural properties. Later, Kraft lignin hydrotreatment was assessed using suitable catalysts based on their catalytic activity for the lignin dimers. Moreover, the role of the catalyst components was studied by comparing supported and unsupported Mo-based sulfided catalysts for Kraft lignin and lignin derived bio-oil. The analysis of the hydrotreated products revealed that lignin and lignin derived bio-oil can be upgraded to alkylbenzenes and cycloalkanes mixtures which can be suitable as jet fuel components. In addition, the thesis also outlined the current state of the art (in terms of reaction mechanism, kinetics, and catalyst deactivation) for catalytic upgrading of renewable feedstocks over sulfided catalysts.
Advanced catalytic materials for upgrading of lignin derived bio-oils to biofuels
Swedish Energy Agency (43212-1), 2017-01-01 -- 2019-12-31.
Combining experiments and kinetic modelling for lignin valorization to chemicals and fuels
Formas (2017-01392), 2018-01-01 -- 2020-12-31.
Driving Forces
Sustainable development
Areas of Advance
Transport
Energy
Materials Science
Subject Categories
Chemical Process Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Organic Chemistry
Infrastructure
Chalmers Materials Analysis Laboratory
ISBN
978-91-7905-622-3
Doktorsavhandlingar vid Chalmers tekniska högskola. Ny serie: 5088
Publisher
Chalmers
KA, Kemigården 4
Online
Opponent: Associate Professor Päivi Mäki-Arvela, Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
More information
Latest update
11/12/2023 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Waleed Mohammad Waleed Mohammad - 5 months ago 19
Linux Question
Linux commands pipe: using iwlist with grep to display two piece of information
I use
sudo iwlist [My Wifi interface] scan
to get a list of all the information of access points around me e.g. the result below
Cell 39 - Address: AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
Channel:11
Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)
Quality=39/70 Signal level=-71 dBm
Encryption key:on
ESSID:""
Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s
36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
Mode:Master
Extra:tsf=000000312d7ef1a6
Extra: Last beacon: 520ms ago
IE: Unknown: 0000
IE: Unknown: 01088C929824B048606C
IE: Unknown: 03010B
IE: Unknown: 050400010000
IE: Unknown: 2A0100
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
IE: Unknown: 2D1AAD1917FFFF000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
IE: Unknown: 3D160B080400000000000000000000000000000000000000
IE: Unknown: 4A0E14000A002C01C800140005001900
IE: Unknown: 7F080500080000000040
IE: Unknown: DD07000B8601040812
IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101800003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00
Also, I can use
sudo iwlist wlp2s0 scan | grep ESSID
to get the ESSID only e.g. the result below
ESSID:"wifi1"
ESSID:"wifi2"
ESSID:"wifi3"
My question is:
How can I use grep, or any other command for that matter, to get to display both "ESSID" and "Signal level"?
Answer
You can modify the regular expression to just catch multiple words, like this:
sudo iwlist wlp2s0 scan | grep 'ESSID\|Signal level'
See the documentation of grep online or using man grep in your terminal. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Applied Digital vs. Equinix: Which AI-Infra Stock Offers More Edge?
As artificial intelligence drives explosive demand for data center infrastructure, investors are increasingly eyeing companies powering this digital backbone. Applied Digital APLD and Equinix EQIX are two such stocks riding the AI infrastructure wave, but from very different angles. APLD is a nimble, high-growth player building GPU-intensive data centers tailored for AI workloads, while EQIX is a global heavyweight offering interconnected colocation facilities trusted by enterprises and hyperscalers alike.
Both are capitalizing on AI’s need for power, speed and proximity — but which is the smarter investment today? In this article, we compare APLD and EQIX across growth potential, financial strength, AI positioning, and risk profile to help investors decide which stock offers a stronger edge in the AI infrastructure race.
Applied Digital is rapidly emerging as a key player in the AI-era data center infrastructure space, thanks to its aggressive build-out of high-performance computing (HPC) facilities tailored for artificial intelligence and machine learning workloads. The company’s core advantage lies in its ability to deliver cost-effective, GPU-powered infrastructure in energy-efficient, low-cost locations, most notably through its flagship Ellendale, North Dakota campus. Backed by strategic partnerships with Nvidia and financing from institutions like Macquarie, APLD is positioning itself to meet the soaring demand for AI compute capacity, particularly from startups and specialized enterprises that require dedicated, high-throughput environments.
A major growth catalyst for APLD is the escalating need for AI-specific infrastructure that traditional hyperscalers often can't deliver quickly or affordably. With a pipeline of over 400MW in development and a focus on take-or-pay contracts, APLD is moving from speculative growth to potentially recurring, contract-backed revenues. Moreover, the company’s vertical integration, from construction to hosting, allows for greater control over costs and deployment timelines.
However, APLD faces notable challenges. Its business is still in an early, unprofitable phase, with heavy capital expenditures and negative cash flow. Execution risk remains high, as the company must complete large-scale buildouts on time and secure long-term clients to validate its model. Additionally, competition is intensifying as companies like Equinix and Digital Realty begin tailoring their infrastructure for AI. Regulatory uncertainties around power use, zoning, and environmental impact could also slow future deployments.
Its return on equity of -77.5% is against the industry average of 16.3%.
Equinix, the world’s largest colocation and interconnection data center provider, is well-positioned to capitalize on the growing demand for AI and digital infrastructure. As enterprises and cloud service providers accelerate AI adoption, EQIX’s global footprint, spanning over 250 data centers across 71 metros, offers a unique value proposition — proximity, scalability and connectivity. Its strategic advantage lies in its Platform Equinix ecosystem, which enables seamless interconnection between cloud services, AI applications, and data sources, critical for reducing latency and optimizing performance in AI workflows.
Equinix is also investing in next-generation infrastructure tailored for AI, including high-density colocation, liquid cooling, and NVIDIA-powered private AI clusters. Its xScale data center initiative, designed for hyperscalers, further strengthens its ability to meet the power and space requirements of large AI workloads. Additionally, Equinix’s REIT structure offers financial stability and consistent dividend payouts, appealing to both growth and income-oriented investors.
Yet, EQIX faces several challenges. Rising energy costs and power availability constraints are pressing concerns, especially as AI workload demands significantly more electricity than traditional cloud services. Regulatory scrutiny around energy consumption and sustainability is intensifying, putting pressure on Equinix to meet aggressive carbon neutrality goals. Moreover, competition from cloud-native players building their own AI infrastructure could limit EQIX’s share of high-performance compute clients.
Despite these headwinds, Equinix remains a dominant force in digital infrastructure. Its scale, reliability, and trusted ecosystem position it well for the AI era, though maintaining energy efficiency and pricing power will be key to sustaining long-term growth.
Its return on equity of 7% is also better than the industry average of 4.7%.
The Zacks Consensus Estimate for APLD’s fiscal 2026 revenues and EPS implies a year-over-year increase of 2.4% and 73.6%, respectively. There was no EPS estimate movement over the past 30 days. It has a Growth Score of ‘B’.
Image Source: Zacks Investment Research
The Zacks Consensus Estimate for EQIX 2025 revenues implies a year-over-year increase of 5.2% while the same for EPS indicates an 8% improvement. EPS estimates have moved northward over the past 30 days. It has a Growth Score of ‘C’.
Image Source: Zacks Investment Research
Applied Digital is trading at a price to forward 12-month sales multiple of 10.55, above its median of 1.43 over the last five years. Equinix’s price-to-forward 12-month sales multiple is 9.14, above its median of 8.81 over the past five years.
Image Source: Zacks Investment Research
Applied Digital and Equinix both stand to benefit from the surging demand for AI-capable data center infrastructure, but they offer very different investment profiles. APLD is a high-growth, high-risk bet on next-gen GPU compute infrastructure, targeting fast-moving AI firms with purpose-built solutions. EQIX, on the other hand, provides a stable, globally interconnected platform trusted by enterprises and cloud giants alike, with growing AI infrastructure capabilities. Investors seeking aggressive growth potential may find APLD appealing, while those favoring scale, reliability, and steady dividends may choose EQIX.
While both companies carry a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy) at present, EQIX seems to be cheaper with a Value score of ‘D’ compared to APLD, which has a Value score of ‘F’.
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report
Equinix, Inc. (EQIX) : Free Stock Analysis Report
Applied Digital Corporation (APLD) : Free Stock Analysis Report
This article originally published on Zacks Investment Research (zacks.com).
Zacks Investment Research | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge: 2007 Greener Reaction Conditions Award
Headwaters Technology Innovation
Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide by Selective Nanocatalyst Technology
Innovation and Benefits: Hydrogen peroxide is an environmentally friendly alternative to chlorine and chlorine-containing bleaches and oxidants. It is expensive, however, and its current manufacturing process involves the use of hazardous chemicals. Headwaters Technology Innovation (HTI) developed an advanced metal catalyst that makes hydrogen peroxide directly from hydrogen and oxygen, eliminates the use of hazardous chemicals, and produces water as the only byproduct. HTI has demonstrated their new technology and is partnering with Degussa AG to build plants to produce hydrogen peroxide.
Summary of Technology: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a clean, versatile, environmentally friendly oxidant that can substitute for environmentally harmful chlorinated oxidants in many manufacturing operations. However, the existing manufacturing process for H2O2 is complex, expensive, and energy-intensive. This process requires an anthraquinone working solution containing several toxic chemicals. The solution is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, forming anthrahydroquinone, which then reacts with oxygen to release H2O2. The H2O2 is removed from the solution with an energy-intensive stripping column and then concentrated by vacuum distillation. The bulk of the working solution is recycled, but the process generates a waste stream of undesirable quinone-derived byproducts that requires environmentally acceptable disposal.
Headwaters Technology Innovation (HTI) has produced a robust catalyst technology that enables the synthesis of H2O2 directly from hydrogen and oxygen. This breakthrough technology, called NxCatTM, is a palladium-platinum catalyst that eliminates all the hazardous reaction conditions and chemicals of the existing process, along with its undesirable byproducts. It produces H2O2 more efficiently, cutting both energy use and costs. It uses innocuous, renewable feedstocks and generates no toxic waste.
NxCatTM catalysts work because of their precisely controlled surface morphology. HTI has engineered a set of molecular templates and substrates that maintain control of the catalyst's crystal structure, particle size, composition, dispersion, and stability. This catalyst has a uniform 4-nanometer feature size that safely enables a high rate of production with a hydrogen gas concentration below 4 percent in air (i.e., below the flammability limit of hydrogen). It also maximizes the selectivity for H2O2 up to 100 percent.
The NxCatTM technology enables a simple, commercially viable H2O2 manufacturing process. In partnership with Degussa AG (a major H2O2 manufacturer), HTI successfully demonstrated the NxCatTM technology and, in 2006, completed construction of a demonstration plant. This demonstration plant will allow the partners to collect the data necessary to design a full-scale plant and begin commercial production in 2009. The NxCatTM process has the potential to cut the cost of H2O2 significantly, generating a more competitively priced supply of H2O2 and increasing its market acceptance as an industrial oxidant. Except for its historically higher price, H2O2 is an excellent substitute for the more frequently used—and far more deleterious—chlorinated oxidants. The NxCatTM technology has the benefit of producing an effective, environmentally preferable oxidant (H2O2) without the waste or high cost associated with the traditional process.
Other resources:
Note: Disclaimer
Return to the list of all winners including the 2007 Award Winners. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
suck and blow
Verb
* 1) To perform two incompatible actions; to hold views which are in contradiction.
Usage notes
* Often used in the proverb: You can't suck and blow at the same time.
Translations
* Spanish: | WIKI |
Abbé Larudan
Abbé Larudan was an anonymous 18th Century French writer—possibly a clergyman for the Catholic Church, though this is unconfirmed—who is largely known for his Anti-Masonic writing, The Freemasons Crushed.
The Freemasons Crushed
Abbé Larudan is best known for his exposé on Freemasonry called Les Franc-Maçons ecrasés, Suite du livre intitule l'Ordre des Franc-Maçons trahi, traduit du Latin (The Freemasons Crushed, a Continuation of the Book entitled The Order of Freemasons Betrayed ), published in Amsterdam in 1746. This book is presented as a sequel or an extended volume to the 1742 exposé on Freemasonry by Abbé Gabriel-Louis Pérau. This book was the principle weapon used by Anti-Masons that came after Abbé Larudan, according to Georg Kloss.
This Masonic exposure is most notable for being the first the posit the theory that Oliver Cromwell created the society of Freemasons for the sole purpose of overthrowing the English monarchy and placing himself at the head of the Commonwealth of England. This theory is founded upon two claims: first, that the ideologies of Freemasonry and Cromwell's political agenda are similar (i.e. liberty and equality for all people); and second, that he gathered this information from an anonymous Grand Master of English Freemasons. According to Abbé Larudan, Cromwell initiated his closest friends—who were dedicated to his mission to free everyone from the tyrannical rule of the monarchs—into this secret society he called the Freemasons, and held them under severe oaths of loyalty, and he received instruction to do this by divine providence. Abbé Larudan delivers the narrative of this origin of Freemasonry in such absurdly minute detail as to warrant suspicion, especially given the almost complete lack of detail provided for the actual rituals and ceremonies of Cromwell's associates into this newly founded secret society.
According to Arthur Edward Waite it was a Catholic attempt to slander Freemasonry by assigning it a Protestant origin.
The theory of the origin of Freemasonry as a cult of Oliver Cromwell has been refuted by most Masonic scholars, and is largely held as being an invention of Abbé Larudan's imagination.
In addition to this Cromwellian theory, Abbé Larudan provides supplements to the exposure of Masonic ritual and catechism, such as the floor drawings. These floor drawings are often called the trestle board or tracing board in Masonic ritual, which later became known as carpets, because they were originally the emblems of Freemasonry that were manually drawn on the floor, and then later imprinted on carpets. Abbé Larudan's trestle boards are unique in that they depict the space of the Lodge room in perspective. But like his theory of Cromwell's invention of Freemasonry, Abbé Larudan's trestle boards are equally contrived from his imagination, as they bear no semblance to any actual trestle boards, either Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft, or Master Mason designed prior or since this Masonic exposé.
Impact
The Freemasons Crushed had hardly any impact when it was published, even among Anti-Masons. In fact, the whole Cromwellian origin of Masonry would have fallen into total obscurity had it not been revived by Léo Taxil a century and a half after Abbé Larudan. Taxil claims that the "Lord Protector" (i.e. Cromwell) was initiated as a Freemason. This goes along with his infamous libel campaign against Freemasonry and Catholicism, known as the Taxil hoax.
Identity
Who the Abbé Larudan was is somewhat of a mystery. Other than his writings, he is unknown. Jacques Brengues speculated in his La Franc-Maçonnerie du bois (1973) that Abbé Larudan was Abbé Henri Charles Arnauld de Pomponne (1669-1756), because "Larudan" is an anagram for "Arnauld". Other than this conjecture of identity derived from an anagram, there is no serious founding that Abbé Larudan was Abbé Henri Charles Arnauld de Pomponne. Further, Brengues' speculation is the only potential identity of Abbé Larudan that has ever been put forth. | WIKI |
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