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How to Recover from Edibles
By QUICKMEDCARDS | February 16, 2023 | Guides, Health & Relief
Edibles can be a wild ride, can’t they? Sometimes, you take a bite and think, “This is nothing.” But then, bam! You’re hit with a wave of intensity that’s way more than you bargained for. In those moments, the only thing on your mind is how to recover from edibles and get back to feeling like yourself.
Here are a few tips on how to get ‘unhigh’ after taking an edible:
• Stay calm and reassured
• Find a comfortable space
• Drink plenty of water
• Avoid caffeine and alcohol
• Find a distraction
• Try to sleep
Read on to get a more comprehensive look at how to sober up after consuming an edible. Also included is information on everything you need to know about edibles including, the side effects of edibles and tips on how to eat edibles the right way.
Marijuana edibles and cannabis buds
Strategies to Recover from Edibles
Getting rid of an edible high is not a walk in the park. So please, as a first precaution, do not eat edibles on an empty stomach!
If you find yourself experiencing discomfort or anxiety after consuming edibles, consider the following immediate solutions:
• Stay Calm and Reassured: Remind yourself that the effects are temporary and will diminish over time.
• Find a Comfortable Space: Have a solitary environment protected from harm or stress.
• Eat Light Snacks: Consuming small, healthy snacks can help stabilize your blood sugar levels and alleviate discomfort.
• Hydration: Drink lots of water as it can improve the body’s metabolism of THC and prevent dry mouth.
• Avoid Caffeine and Alcohol: These can worsen anxieties and dehydration.
• Have some CBD: Consider taking CBD, as it may counteract some of the psychoactive effects of THC.
• Distract Yourself: Redirect by listening to soothing music, watching a show you enjoy, or participating in a mild activity like reading.
• Sleep: Rest is often the best cure to help wear off the intoxicating effects.
For long-term recuperation, it is crucial to approach edible consumption with greater caution. This entails starting with a lower dosage, reviewing the effects, and increasing the dosage once you know what your body’s tolerance level is.
Long-term Recovery Strategies
Long-term recovery methods can help people who have experienced overconsumption or those who plan on managing their cannabis use with their regular intake. Having a strategy is good and healthy, making cases for a more satisfying and safe way to enjoy cannabis edibles.
• Understanding Personal Limits: Monitor how your body reacts to these products to know your limits.
• Educating Yourself: Learn the different forms of edibles and their potency to choose the best option. Stay informed about the industry for discoveries to raise awareness.
• Mindful Consumption: Consider what you need to consume. Indulge in these edibles in a safe and comfortable environment because this will make a difference in how you enjoy the process.
• Seeking Professional Guidance: If you find it difficult to control your intake, consult a healthcare professional for guidance.
• Regular Breaks: Temporarily stop taking edibles to desensitize and prevent dependency.
How to Eat Edibles the Right Way
With edibles, safety, and moderation are two big factors to better and more responsible consumption. Below are some more realistic and achievable approaches:
• Have Something to Eat: You shouldn’t eat edibles on an empty stomach since the effects may kick in quicker and be more intense. Having something in your tummy can slow absorption and lead to a delayed onset of effects.
• Start Low and Go Slow: Begin with a low dose, especially if you are new to edibles or trying a new product. That is the reason why you should wait at least two hours to maximize the perceived outcome before deciding whether to add the next dose.
• Read the Label: Every time you pick an edible, make sure you check the THC content in milligrams so that you understand how potent it is. This will help with getting the dosage right.
• Store Safely: Make sure to keep edibles away from small children and pets.
• Avoid Mixing: Edibles are consumed alone and should not be mixed with alcohol or other substances as this may bring unexpected results.
• Stay Hydrated: Sufficient intake of water is necessary so as not to get dehydrated; at the same time, avoid alcohol and caffeine.
• Know Your Environment: It is best to consume edibles in a friendly atmosphere where one feels relaxed, especially for first-time or infrequent users.
• Understand Delayed Effects: Keep in mind that edibles do not work quickly, so give them time to take an effect on your body. Remember that edibles act slower than smoking or vaping. So, be patient.
How to Identify Quality Edibles
Recognizing quality edibles is vital for safety and effectiveness as well as for a pleasurable experience. When choosing edibles, take into account the following factors:
• Reputable Source: Buy edibles from a reliable dispensary or an authorized seller. You need assurance that the product passed the safety standards test.
• Lab Testing: Choose lab-tested products that have been examined for their THC and CBD concentration levels. Lab testing will also show that there are no harmful toxins present in the cannabis product.
• Clear Labeling: Check the products for proper labeling with the THC and CBD content, dosage, serving size, and the list of ingredients.
• Packaging: Inspect the items well, as the child-resistant and tamper-evident packaging are indicators of a quality product.
• Brand Reputation: Research the feedback about the brand. Evaluate other consumers’ recommendations and reviews.
Can You Develop Tolerance?
Building tolerance is a part of using marijuana regularly, especially for those who consume it through chocolate or pastries. With each dose, tolerance lowers the effects of cannabis, forcing people to take more doses in a desperate attempt to get the same effects.
Over time, the human body may gradually become less sensitive to cannabinoid receptors as a result of repeated THC consumption. The rate and degree of tolerance development depend on several factors related to the use, such as the quantity consumed, potency, and individual physiology.
To control tolerance levels, one should also be conscious of the quantity and number of servings of consumable items. You don’t need to exercise extreme caution, but you should always be aware of the consequences of your actions and take appropriate action if your habits start to wane.
What are Edibles?
Edibles are part of a wide-ranging group of popular cannabis products. Unlike traditional methods like smoking or vaping, where you inhale marijuana smoke through a cigarette or vaporizer, edibles are more like baked goods or drinks infused with cannabis. Think brownies, cookies, candies, gummies, smoothies, and even savory snacks. Moreover, cannabis-infused drinks are a growing segment in this industry, offering a more manageable experience compared to solid edibles.
CBD drinks like Delta 9 drinks provide a unique experience that may help people control the dose and intense effects of THC. Numerous studies suggest that CBD could buffer off some of the negative effects of THC, for instance, anxiety and paranoia. So, consuming CBD-infused beverages, instead of eating edibles could balance the overwhelming effects of THC.
The important component in almost all edibles is tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, which brings the high. Metabolism in oral ingestion, however, is a different process than the inhalation of THC. Due to their intensity and delayed onset, people frequently overindulge in edibles because they believe they haven’t consumed enough. However, in reality, the effects sometimes take longer and are stronger than they had anticipated.
Effects of Edibles on the Body
When you consume THC through edibles, it enters your body differently compared to smoking or vaping. After ingestion, THC is absorbed by the digestive system and metabolized by the liver. This process converts THC into 11-hydroxy-THC, a potent compound that easily crosses the blood-brain barrier. As a result, the effects of edibles are more intense and longer-lasting than inhalation.
Edibles are associated with numerous benefits. Some people might feel a wonderful sense of euphoria and relaxation. Plus, they’re often used for their medicinal properties too. For instance, research published in the Journal of Pain suggests that cannabis may be useful for reducing pain and inflammation. Others use cannabis for anxiety management or to get some good sleep.
No matter how powerful edibles are, their impact depends on many variables, including the individual’s metabolism and the dose or THC content of the drug. Keep in mind that edibles are stronger than inhaled cannabis. It can also take anywhere from 30 minutes to a couple of hours, or even longer, for the effects to kick in.
Side Effects of Edibles
If you’re using cannabis edibles, it’s crucial to know how to recognize the signs of consuming too much. This way, you can take action to counteract any potential side effects. Overconsumption often occurs due to the delayed onset of effects, leading individuals to consume more than their bodies can tolerate.
As the symptoms may range from mild to severe, the frequency of panic attacks may differ depending on a person’s use and sensitivity to the cannabis components. Some indicators may include:
• Anxiety and Paranoia: Commonly reported in patients who have consumed excessive THC.
• Impaired Motor Skills: Motor coordination is affected along with motor functioning, which accurately justifies why it is harmful to drive or operate any heavy machinery soon after eating cannabis edibles.
• Extreme Sedation: If large doses of the edibles are taken, then it can result in either severe fatigue or sleepiness.
• Altered Perception: This may also include visual and auditory changes
• Increased Heart Rate: This may sound alarming, however, for those who have heart conditions.
• Nausea and Vomiting: It is not uncommon for consumers to feel nauseated after consuming edibles in excess.
• Edible hangover: An edible hangover refers to the lingering effects experienced after the high from consuming cannabis-infused edibles has worn off. These effects can include fatigue, grogginess, dehydration, and mild cognitive impairment.
Several studies have shown these effects do happen. For instance, the consequences of high THC levels in some people led to the development of fear and panic anxiety episodes as well as paranoid thoughts. Research from the American Journal of Emergency Medicine presented cases related to acute psychotic episodes secondary to the consumption of edible cannabis. Recognizing these symptoms may help in emergencies that require an alert response.
Potential Long-term Impact
Consuming large quantities of THC cannabis products, both as edibles and in other forms, has been linked to numerous long-term effects.
Research is still on-going, but preliminary indicators include:
• Tolerance Development: Some individuals develop a tolerance for cannabis because of daily ingestions, which could lead to more consumption to produce the desired effects. Thus, higher doses may be taken to achieve small results.
• Cognitive Impairment: Many studies have indicated that prolonged, high intake of THC affects cognitive functions. The research on these assumptions continues.
• Mental Health Concerns: The growing body of evidence shows that chronic cannabis use, especially at high doses, may be linked to mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and, in some cases, psychotic disorders.
Still, it is essential to emphasize that the implications might differ significantly from one person to another as experts continue to study the capabilities of edibles.
Conclusion
In conclusion, knowing how to recover from edibles is essential for anyone exploring the world of cannabis-infused treats. By applying the techniques mentioned, like staying hydrated, resting, consuming light snacks, and practicing relaxation techniques, you can navigate the after-effects with ease. Remember, the key to a positive experience with edibles lies in moderation, understanding your tolerance, and knowing how to manage any unexpected effects.
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Instructions in Spirella Corsetry/Chapter 18
Chapter 18: How to Adjust, or Put the Corset on the Client
Back-laced 1. See that the client's poise is correct. 2. Open corset to full length of lacer and gather it up in both hands—thumb and finger on waist line of corset. 3. Place corset around body; hold in front and pass around the client
Fourth step 4. Fasten clasp-Fasten top hook to hold corset in place; fasten, lower hooks of clasp; unfasten top hook; fasten from lowest hooks to top.
5. Fasten hooks and eyes in soft extension.
6. Fasten supporters just below clasp to hose at inside of leg.
Seventh step
7. Lower corset to bring its waist line on normal waist line of body. To do this, grasp lower front edge of corset and hold firmly, Direct the client to take an uplifting, breath, thus maintaing nor- mal poise and correct position of abdominal organs. See that the, flesh over the abdomen is evenly distributed and not raised in front.
Eighth step 8. Lower corset well over hips in the back until its waist line covers waist line of body in the back. To do this, grasp the lower back edge of the corset and hold the underwear while you pull dawn on the corset, thus lifting the flesh of back and side hips.
Ninth step 9. Grasp "pull-loops" at waist line; give them a firm, strong, downward pull to maintain the position of the corset on the body while you take up the slack in the lacer below waist line.
10. Begin at point of greatest hip development to take up slack in lacer, pulling it up until the corset is spaced correctly below waist. Begin at top of corset and take up slack in lacer dawn to waist line until spaced correctly.
11. Tie "pull-loops"; fold ends and place under lacer. Space the elastic lacer, if any, to control the flesh while the client is standing but allow spread enough when sitting.
12. Fasten remaining supporters to maintain a straight pull on the cloth. Adjust and tie draw-tape with client seated. Tuck ends of draw-tape in top of corset.
Spacing in a back-laced corset must never be more than 3 inches at top, 2 inches at waist and 3 inches at hip.
Front-laced Fourth step 1. See that the client's poise is correct.
2. Open corset to full length of lacer and gather it up in both hands—thumb and finger on center back seam at waist line of corset.
3. Place corset around body, center seam over spine; hold in front and pass around the client.
4. Fasten hooks of clasp from lowest hook to top.
5. Fasten hooks and eyes in soft extension.
6. Fasten supporters just below eyeleted strip to hose at inside of leg.
Seventh step 7. Lower corset to bring its waist line on true waist line of body. To do this, clasp lower front edge of corset and hold firmly. Direct the client to take an uplifting breath, thus maintaining normal poise and correct position of abdominal organs. See that the flesh over the abdomen is evenly distributed and not raised in front.
8. Lower corset well over hips in the back, until its waist line covers waist line of body in the back. To do this, grasp the lower back edge of the corset and hold the underwear while you pull down on the corset, thus lifting the flesh of back and side hips.
Ninth step 9. Grasp lacer about three eyelets, above "holding knot" and give a strong downward pull, to maintain the position of the corset on the body. Take up slack in lacer toward the waist line until the corset is spaced correctly.
Tenth step 10. Beginning at top, take up slack in lacer down to waist line until spaced correctly, forming a "V" shaped opening.
11. Tie "pull-loop" in a single bow knot. Open top hook, place ends of lacer under bust and re-fasten hook. Take up slack in soft extension to control flesh conditions; tie lacer in bow knot; tuck ends underneath corset.
Front view of corset adjusted correctly 12. Fasten remaining supporters to maintain a straight pull on the cloth. Adjust and tie draw-tape with client seated. Tuck ends of draw-tape in top of corset.
Spacing in a front-laced corset must never be more than 1 inch at bottom of clasp, 2 inches at waist and 2 inches at top.
1. See that the client's poise is correct.
2. Open the corset in front to the full length of lacer and in the back to about 2½ inches.
3. Place the corset on the body so that the center of the lacing space in the back is immediately over the client's spine.
4. Fasten the hooks of the clasp, the hooks and eyes of the elastic extension and of the cloth extension. Fasten all the front hose supporters.
5. See that the waist line of the corset is an the normal waist line of the client all around the body.
6. Adjust the lacer in front to correct spacing. Tie and dispose of lacer ends as usual.
7. Commence at top back and take up slack, spacing it cor- rectly dawn to waist line. Tie lacer in hard knot at the waist, leaving 6 or 8 inches far possible re-adjustment, and tuck ends under lacer.
8. Grasp the "pull-loop" at heavy part of hips and give a strong, steady pull; take up slack to correct spacing; tie in a bow knot and tuck ends under lacer. Adjust the elastic lacer to necessary spacing.
9. Instruct the client not to change the upper back lacing, but use the front adjustment in the daily putting on and removing the corset. See that the client understands that the "pull-loop," in the lacing in the lower back, is loosened before putting the corset an again and that this "pull-loop" is drawn up and tied as the last step in the daily adjustment.
10. Fasten the remaining hose supporters to give a straight pull on the cloth.
Front spacing in a combined front and back-laced corset Should never be more than 1 inch at bottom of clasp, 2 inches at waist and 2 inches at tap. Back spacing should be 1 inch the entire length of lacing.
1. Untie and loosen the groin lacers.
2. Follow the regular steps of back-laced adjustment f rom the 1st to, the 11th step inclusive.
3. Insert the groin lacer through the eyelets and form a "pull-loop" at the point where it is desired to have the corset nip in under the abdominal flesh. From this point carry the lacer down to the bottom of the corset and tie in a hard knot and cut off the metal tips.
4. Commence at the bottom of the corset and take up slack in lacer until "pull-loop" is reached.
5. Commence at waist line and take up slack down to the "pull- loop.
6. Tie "pull-loop" in bow knot and tuck the ends underneath the edge so as to leave a smooth appearance over the abdomen. The amount of space to be, left in this adjustment will vary with the flesh condition. This lacer should be opened each time the corset is removed. By this daily adjustment the client controls and com- presses the flesh over the abdomen each day.
7. Fasten remaining supporters to maintain a straight pull on the cloth. Adjust and tie draw-tape with client seated. Tuck ends of draw-tape in top of corset.
1. Untie and loosen the back lacer.
2. Follow the regular steps of front-laced adjustment from the 1st to the 11th step inclusive.
3. Grasp "pull-loop" at heavy part of hips and give a strong, steady pull; take up slack to correct spacing; tie in a bow knot and tuck ends under lacer. Spacing in this partial back adjustment should be 1 inch.
4. Fasten remaining supporters to maintain a straight pull on the cloth. Adjust and tie draw-tape with client seated. Tuck ends of draw-tape in top of corset.
1. With client in standing position place the corset on the body in the usual manner, following the regular steps until you are ready to adjust the lacer. Then have client recline on a hard surface, with hips elevated by pillows, and knees bent. Finish the adjust- ment in the regular manner. The reclining position relaxes the tension of the abdominal muscles and allows gravity to bring the internal organs back to their correct position. | WIKI |
CREATE INDEX v14
Name
CREATE INDEX -- define a new index.
Synopsis
CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX <name> ON <table>
( { <column> | ( <expression> ) | <constant> } )
[ TABLESPACE <tablespace> ]
( { NOPARALLEL | PARALLEL [ <integer> ] } )
Description
CREATE INDEX constructs an index, name, on the specified table. Indexes are primarily used to enhance database performance (though inappropriate use results in slower performance).
The key field(s) for the index are specified as column names, constants, or as expressions written in parentheses. Multiple fields can be specified to create multicolumn indexes.
An index field can be an expression computed from the values of one or more columns of the table row. This feature can be used to obtain fast access to data based on some transformation of the basic data. For example, an index computed on UPPER(col) would allow the clause WHERE UPPER(col) = 'JIM' to use an index.
EDB Postgres Advanced Server provides the B-tree index method. The B-tree index method is an implementation of Lehman-Yao high-concurrency B-trees.
Indexes are not used for IS NULL clauses by default.
All functions and operators used in an index definition must be "immutable", that is, their results must depend only on their arguments and never on any outside influence (such as the contents of another table or the current time). This restriction ensures that the behavior of the index is well-defined. To use a user-defined function in an index expression remember to mark the function immutable when you create it.
If you create an index on a partitioned table, the CREATE INDEX command does propagate indexes to the table’s subpartitions.
The PARALLEL clause specifies the degree of parallelism used during the creation of an index. The NOPARALLEL clause resets the parallelism to the default value; reloptions shows the parallel_workers parameter as 0.
Note
If you use the CREATE INDEX... PARALLEL command to create an index on a table whose definition included the PARALLEL clause (at creation), the server uses the PARALLEL clause provided with the CREATE INDEX command when building a parallel index.
Parameters
UNIQUE
Causes the system to check for duplicate values in the table when the index is created (if data already exist) and each time data is added. Attempts to insert or update data which would result in duplicate entries generates an error.
name
The name of the index to be created. No schema name can be included here; the index is always created in the same schema as its parent table.
table
The name (possibly schema-qualified) of the table to be indexed.
column
The name of a column in the table.
expression
An expression based on one or more columns of the table. The expression usually must be written with surrounding parentheses, as shown in the syntax. However, the parentheses may be omitted if the expression has the form of a function call.
constant
A constant value that can be used as an index key.
Normally, a row where all indexed columns are NULL is not included in an index. That means that the optimizer cannot use that index for certain queries. To overcome this limitation, you can add a constant to the index, thereby forcing the index to never contain a row where all index columns are NULL.
tablespace
The tablespace in which to create the index. If not specified, default_tablespace is used, or the database’s default tablespace if default_tablespace is an empty string.
PARALLEL
Specify PARALLEL to select a degree of parallelism; set parallel_workers parameter equal to the degree of parallelism to create a parallelized index. Alternatively, if you specify PARALLEL but no degree of parallelism is listed, an index accepts default parallelism.
NOPARALLEL
Specify NOPARALLEL for default execution.
integer
The integer indicates the degree of parallelism, which is a number of parallel_workers used in the parallel operation to perform a parallel scan on an index.
Notes
Up to 32 fields may be specified in a multicolumn index.
Examples
To create a B-tree index on the column, ename, in the table, emp:
CREATE INDEX name_idx ON emp (ename);
To create the same index as above, but have it reside in the index_tblspc tablespace:
CREATE INDEX name_idx ON emp (ename) TABLESPACE index_tblspc;
You can include a constant value in the index definition (1) to create an index that never contains a row where all of the indexed columns are NULL:
CREATE INDEX emp_dob_idx on emp (emp_dob, 1);
To create an index on name_idx in the table emp with degree of parallelism set to 7:
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX name_idx ON emp (ename) PARALLEL 7;
See also
ALTER INDEX, DROP INDEX | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Senator Smalley
Senator Smalley may refer to:
* David Allen Smalley (1809–1877), Vermont State Senate
* Jason Smalley (born 1981), Oklahoma State Senate | WIKI |
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Functioning of SymPy's Column module
Ishan Joshi edited this page Dec 20, 2019 · 1 revision
The Column class implemented in PR #17122 enables the continuum mechanics module of SymPy to deal with column buckling related calculations. The Column module is currently able to calculate:
• The moment equation
• The deflection equation
• The slope equation
• The critical load
..for a column defined by a user.
Below is an example usage of the Column Class:
# Column Class
>>> from sympy.physics.continuum_mechanics.column import Column
>>> from sympy import Symbol, symbols
>>> E, I, P = symbols('E, I, P', positive=True)
# defining an object of the Column class
>>> c = Column(3, E, I, 78000, top="pinned", bottom="pinned")
# checking the end-conditions
>>> c.end_conditions
{'bottom': 'pinned', 'top': 'pinned'}
# Specifying the boundary conditions of the column
>>> c.boundary_conditions
{'deflection': [(0, 0), (3, 0)], 'slope': [(0, 0)]}
# getting the moment equation
>>> c.moment()
78000*y(x)
# Calculating slope and deflection
>>> c.solve_slope_deflection()
>>> c.deflection()
C1*sin(20*sqrt(195)*x/(sqrt(E)*sqrt(I)))
>>> c.slope()
20*sqrt(195)*C1*cos(20*sqrt(195)*x/(sqrt(E)*sqrt(I)))/(sqrt(E)*sqrt(I))
# Calculating the critical load
>>> c.critical_load()
pi**2*E*I/9
The Column class
The Column class is non-mutable, which means unlike the Beam class, a user cannot change the attributes of the class once they are defined along with the object definition. Therefore to change the attribute values one will have to define a new object.
Reasons for creating a non-mutable class
• From a backward-compatibility perspective, it is always possible to adopt a different plan and add mutability later but not the other way around.
• Most things are immutable in SymPy which is useful for caching etc. Also, considering the Matrix module where allowing mutability has lead to many problems that are now impossible to fix without breaking backward compatibility.
Working of the column class:
The governing equation for column buckling is:
E, I: Elastic modulus, Second moment of the column respectively
y: deflection
M: moment at a distance x from the bottom
If we determine the moment (or moment equation) of the column and place it in the above equation, we might be able to get the deflection by further solving the differential equation for y.
Step-1: To determine the internal moment.
This is simply done by assuming deflection at any arbitrary cross-section at a distance x from the bottom to be y and then multiplying it by the load P. For eccentric load, another moment of magnitude P*e is added to the moment.
Simple load is given by:
Eccentric load is given by:
Step-2:
This moment can then be substituted in the governing equation and the resulting differential equation can be solved using SymPy’s dsolve() for the deflection y.
Applying different end-conditions
The above steps considers a simple example of a column pinned at both of its ends. But the end-condition of the column can vary, which will cause the moment equation to vary.
Currently, four basic end-conditions are implemented:
• Pinned-pinned
• Fixed-fixed
• Fixed-pinned
• One pinned-other free.
Depending on the supports the moment due to applied load would change as:
• Pinned-Pinned: no change in the moment
• Fixed-fixed: reaction moment M is included
• Fixed-pinned:
Here M is the restraint moment at B (which is fixed). To counter this, another moment is considered by applying a horizontal force F at point A.
• One pinned- other free:
Solving for slope and critical load
Once we get the deflection equation we can solve for the slope by differentiating the deflection equation with respect to x. This is done by SymPy’s diff() function.
self._slope = self._deflection.diff(x)
Critical load
Critical load for single bow buckling condition can be easily determined by substituting the boundary conditions in the deflection equation and solving it for P i.e the load.
Note: Even if the user provides the applied load, during the entire calculation, we consider the load to be P. Whenever the moment(), slope(), deflection(), etc. methods are called the variable P is replaced with the user's value. This is done so that it is easier for us to calculate the critical load in the end.
defl_eqs = []
# taking last two bounndary conditions which are actually
# the initial boundary conditions.
for point, value in self._boundary_conditions['deflection'][-2:]:
defl_eqs.append(self._deflection.subs(x, point) - value)
# C1, C2 already solved, solve for P
self._critical_load = solve(defl_eqs, P, dict=True)[0][P]
The case of the pinned-pinned end condition is a bit tricky. On solving the differential equation via dsolve(), the deflection comes out to be zero. This problem has been described in this blog. Its calculation is handled a bit differently in the code. Instead of directly solving it via dsolve(), it is solved in steps, and the trivial solutions are removed. This technique not only solves for the deflection of the column but simultaneously also calculates the critical load for it.
Although this may be considered as a hack to the problem. I think in future it would be better if dsolve() gets the ability to remove the trivial solutions. But this seems to be better as of now.
A problem that still persists is the calculation of critical load for pinned-fixed end condition. Currently, it has been made as an XFAIL, since to resolve that either solve() or solveset() has to return the solution in the required form. An issue has been raised on GitHub, regarding the same.
I hope that it gives a crisp idea about the functioning of SymPy’s Column module.
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Data-intensive computing
Data-intensive computing is a class of parallel computing applications which use a data parallel approach to process large volumes of data typically terabytes or petabytes in size and typically referred to as big data. Computing applications that devote most of their execution time to computational requirements are deemed compute-intensive, whereas applications are deemed data-intensive require large volumes of data and devote most of their processing time to I/O and manipulation of data.
Introduction
The rapid growth of the Internet and World Wide Web led to vast amounts of information available online. In addition, business and government organizations create large amounts of both structured and unstructured information, which need to be processed, analyzed, and linked. Vinton Cerf described this as an “information avalanche” and stated, “we must harness the Internet’s energy before the information it has unleashed buries us”. An IDC white paper sponsored by EMC Corporation estimated the amount of information currently stored in a digital form in 2007 at 281 exabytes and the overall compound growth rate at 57% with information in organizations growing at even a faster rate. In a 2003 study of the so-called information explosion it was estimated that 95% of all current information exists in unstructured form with increased data processing requirements compared to structured information. The storing, managing, accessing, and processing of this vast amount of data represents a fundamental need and an immense challenge in order to satisfy needs to search, analyze, mine, and visualize this data as information. Data-intensive computing is intended to address this need.
Parallel processing approaches can be generally classified as either compute-intensive, or data-intensive. Compute-intensive is used to describe application programs that are compute-bound. Such applications devote most of their execution time to computational requirements as opposed to I/O, and typically require small volumes of data. Parallel processing of compute-intensive applications typically involves parallelizing individual algorithms within an application process, and decomposing the overall application process into separate tasks, which can then be executed in parallel on an appropriate computing platform to achieve overall higher performance than serial processing. In compute-intensive applications, multiple operations are performed simultaneously, with each operation addressing a particular part of the problem. This is often referred to as task parallelism.
Data-intensive is used to describe applications that are I/O bound or with a need to process large volumes of data. Such applications devote most of their processing time to I/O and movement and manipulation of data. Parallel processing of data-intensive applications typically involves partitioning or subdividing the data into multiple segments which can be processed independently using the same executable application program in parallel on an appropriate computing platform, then reassembling the results to produce the completed output data. The greater the aggregate distribution of the data, the more benefit there is in parallel processing of the data. Data-intensive processing requirements normally scale linearly according to the size of the data and are very amenable to straightforward parallelization. The fundamental challenges for data-intensive computing are managing and processing exponentially growing data volumes, significantly reducing associated data analysis cycles to support practical, timely applications, and developing new algorithms which can scale to search and process massive amounts of data. Researchers coined the term BORPS for "billions of records per second" to measure record processing speed in a way analogous to how the term MIPS applies to describe computers' processing speed.
Data-parallelism
Computer system architectures which can support data parallel applications were promoted in the early 2000s for large-scale data processing requirements of data-intensive computing. Data-parallelism applied computation independently to each data item of a set of data, which allows the degree of parallelism to be scaled with the volume of data. The most important reason for developing data-parallel applications is the potential for scalable performance, and may result in several orders of magnitude performance improvement. The key issues with developing applications using data-parallelism are the choice of the algorithm, the strategy for data decomposition, load balancing on processing nodes, message passing communications between nodes, and the overall accuracy of the results. The development of a data parallel application can involve substantial programming complexity to define the problem in the context of available programming tools, and to address limitations of the target architecture. Information extraction from and indexing of Web documents is typical of data-intensive computing which can derive significant performance benefits from data parallel implementations since Web and other types of document collections can typically then be processed in parallel.
The US National Science Foundation (NSF) funded a research program from 2009 through 2010. Areas of focus were:
* Approaches to parallel programming to address the parallel processing of data on data-intensive systems
* Programming abstractions including models, languages, and algorithms which allow a natural expression of parallel processing of data
* Design of data-intensive computing platforms to provide high levels of reliability, efficiency, availability, and scalability.
* Identifying applications that can exploit this computing paradigm and determining how it should evolve to support emerging data-intensive applications
Pacific Northwest National Labs defined data-intensive computing as “capturing, managing, analyzing, and understanding data at volumes and rates that push the frontiers of current technologies”.
Approach
Data-intensive computing platforms typically use a parallel computing approach combining multiple processors and disks in large commodity computing clusters connected using high-speed communications switches and networks which allows the data to be partitioned among the available computing resources and processed independently to achieve performance and scalability based on the amount of data. A cluster can be defined as a type of parallel and distributed system, which consists of a collection of inter-connected stand-alone computers working together as a single integrated computing resource. This approach to parallel processing is often referred to as a “shared nothing” approach since each node consisting of processor, local memory, and disk resources shares nothing with other nodes in the cluster. In parallel computing this approach is considered suitable for data-intensive computing and problems which are “embarrassingly parallel”, i.e. where it is relatively easy to separate the problem into a number of parallel tasks and there is no dependency or communication required between the tasks other than overall management of the tasks. These types of data processing problems are inherently adaptable to various forms of distributed computing including clusters, data grids, and cloud computing.
Characteristics
Several common characteristics of data-intensive computing systems distinguish them from other forms of computing:
* 1) The principle of collection of the data and programs or algorithms is used to perform the computation. To achieve high performance in data-intensive computing, it is important to minimize the movement of data. This characteristic allows processing algorithms to execute on the nodes where the data resides reducing system overhead and increasing performance. Newer technologies such as InfiniBand allow data to be stored in a separate repository and provide performance comparable to collocated data.
* 2) The programming model utilized. Data-intensive computing systems utilize a machine-independent approach in which applications are expressed in terms of high-level operations on data, and the runtime system transparently controls the scheduling, execution, load balancing, communications, and movement of programs and data across the distributed computing cluster. The programming abstraction and language tools allow the processing to be expressed in terms of data flows and transformations incorporating new dataflow programming languages and shared libraries of common data manipulation algorithms such as sorting.
* 3) A focus on reliability and availability. Large-scale systems with hundreds or thousands of processing nodes are inherently more susceptible to hardware failures, communications errors, and software bugs. Data-intensive computing systems are designed to be fault resilient. This typically includes redundant copies of all data files on disk, storage of intermediate processing results on disk, automatic detection of node or processing failures, and selective re-computation of results.
* 4) The inherent scalability of the underlying hardware and software architecture. Data-intensive computing systems can typically be scaled in a linear fashion to accommodate virtually any amount of data, or to meet time-critical performance requirements by simply adding additional processing nodes. The number of nodes and processing tasks assigned for a specific application can be variable or fixed depending on the hardware, software, communications, and distributed file system architecture.
System architectures
A variety of system architectures have been implemented for data-intensive computing and large-scale data analysis applications including parallel and distributed relational database management systems which have been available to run on shared nothing clusters of processing nodes for more than two decades. However, most data growth is with data in unstructured form and new processing paradigms with more flexible data models were needed. Several solutions have emerged including the MapReduce architecture pioneered by Google and now available in an open-source implementation called Hadoop used by Yahoo, Facebook, and others. LexisNexis Risk Solutions also developed and implemented a scalable platform for data-intensive computing which is used by LexisNexis.
MapReduce
The MapReduce architecture and programming model pioneered by Google is an example of a modern systems architecture designed for data-intensive computing. The MapReduce architecture allows programmers to use a functional programming style to create a map function that processes a key–value pair associated with the input data to generate a set of intermediate key–value pairs, and a reduce function that merges all intermediate values associated with the same intermediate key. Since the system automatically takes care of details like partitioning the input data, scheduling and executing tasks across a processing cluster, and managing the communications between nodes, programmers with no experience in parallel programming can easily use a large distributed processing environment.
The programming model for MapReduce architecture is a simple abstraction where the computation takes a set of input key–value pairs associated with the input data and produces a set of output key–value pairs. In the Map phase, the input data is partitioned into input splits and assigned to Map tasks associated with processing nodes in the cluster. The Map task typically executes on the same node containing its assigned partition of data in the cluster. These Map tasks perform user-specified computations on each input key–value pair from the partition of input data assigned to the task, and generates a set of intermediate results for each key. The shuffle and sort phase then takes the intermediate data generated by each Map task, sorts this data with intermediate data from other nodes, divides this data into regions to be processed by the reduce tasks, and distributes this data as needed to nodes where the Reduce tasks will execute. The Reduce tasks perform additional user-specified operations on the intermediate data possibly merging values associated with a key to a smaller set of values to produce the output data. For more complex data processing procedures, multiple MapReduce calls may be linked together in sequence.
Hadoop
Apache Hadoop is an open source software project sponsored by The Apache Software Foundation which implements the MapReduce architecture. Hadoop now encompasses multiple subprojects in addition to the base core, MapReduce, and HDFS distributed filesystem. These additional subprojects provide enhanced application processing capabilities to the base Hadoop implementation and currently include Avro, Pig, HBase, ZooKeeper, Hive, and Chukwa. The Hadoop MapReduce architecture is functionally similar to the Google implementation except that the base programming language for Hadoop is Java instead of C++. The implementation is intended to execute on clusters of commodity processors.
Hadoop implements a distributed data processing scheduling and execution environment and framework for MapReduce jobs. Hadoop includes a distributed file system called HDFS which is analogous to GFS in the Google MapReduce implementation. The Hadoop execution environment supports additional distributed data processing capabilities which are designed to run using the Hadoop MapReduce architecture. These include HBase, a distributed column-oriented database which provides random access read/write capabilities; Hive, which is a data warehouse system built on top of Hadoop that provides SQL-like query capabilities for data summarization, ad hoc queries, and analysis of large datasets; and Pig – a high-level data-flow programming language and execution framework for data-intensive computing.
Pig was developed at Yahoo! to provide a specific language notation for data analysis applications and to improve programmer productivity and reduce development cycles when using the Hadoop MapReduce environment. Pig programs are automatically translated into sequences of MapReduce programs if needed in the execution environment. Pig provides capabilities in the language for loading, storing, filtering, grouping, de-duplication, ordering, sorting, aggregation, and joining operations on the data.
HPCC
HPCC (High-Performance Computing Cluster) was developed and implemented by LexisNexis Risk Solutions. The development of this computing platform began in 1999 and applications were in production by late 2000. The HPCC approach also utilizes commodity clusters of hardware running the Linux operating system. Custom system software and middleware components were developed and layered on the base Linux operating system to provide the execution environment and distributed filesystem support required for data-intensive computing. LexisNexis also implemented a new high-level language for data-intensive computing.
The ECL programming language is a high-level, declarative, data-centric, implicitly parallel language that allows the programmer to define what the data processing result should be and the dataflows and transformations that are necessary to achieve the result. The ECL language includes extensive capabilities for data definition, filtering, data management, and data transformation, and provides an extensive set of built-in functions to operate on records in datasets which can include user-defined transformation functions. ECL programs are compiled into optimized C++ source code, which is subsequently compiled into executable code and distributed to the nodes of a processing cluster.
To address both batch and online aspects data-intensive computing applications, HPCC includes two distinct cluster environments, each of which can be optimized independently for its parallel data processing purpose. The Thor platform is a cluster whose purpose is to be a data refinery for processing massive volumes of raw data for applications such as data cleansing and hygiene, extract, transform, load (ETL), record linking and entity resolution, large-scale ad hoc analysis of data, and creation of key data and indexes to support high-performance structured queries and data warehouse applications. A Thor system is similar to the Hadoop MapReduce platform in its hardware configuration, function, execution environment, filesystem, and capabilities but provides higher performance in equivalent configurations. The Roxie platform provides an online high-performance structured query and analysis system or data warehouse delivering the parallel data access processing requirements of online applications through Web services interfaces supporting thousands of simultaneous queries and users with sub-second response times. A Roxie system is similar in its function and capabilities to Hadoop with HBase and Hive capabilities added, but provides an optimized execution environment and filesystem for high-performance online processing. Both Thor and Roxie systems utilize the same ECL programming language for implementing applications, increasing programmer productivity. | WIKI |
WHAT IS CHANCA PIEDRA?
If you’re on this page, you may already know what chanca piedra is and looking for its health benefits. If you’ve never heard of chanca piedra, you just read about it somewhere and starting to do the research on the health benefits.
At ItsHealthTea, we know a lot about Chanca Piedra, we sell a lot of it, thus, answer so many questions about it and educate on this incredible herb.
So, what is chanca piedra?
Chanca piedra is an herb. The whole plant is used to make medicine. Chanca piedra is used for kidney stones. It is also used for various disorders of the urinary tract, digestive tract, and liver, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these other uses.
Phyllanthus niruri is a widespread tropical plant commonly found in coastal areas, known by the common names gale of the wind, stonebreaker or seed-under-leaf. We will get to why it’s called stone breaker soon, it’s THE reason its called stone breaker.
Chanca piedra is widely used and popular as an ayurvedic medicine.
WHAT ARE THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF CHANCA PIEDRA (effect of Phyllanthus niruri)
This incredible herb has a few benefits, let’s list the most notable and why people love and consume this herb, that’s not so easy to find.
Chanca piedra is most notably known for the break up of kidney stones in the kidneys, this also goes for gallstones. While there is no ‘cure’ for kidney stones and gallstones, eurologists usually give you some prescription for something, but if you want to eliminate kidney stones the natural way, then CHANCA PIEDRA is IT.
It’s important to point point out that chanca piedra is also an inflammatory herb.
STUDIES ON CHANCA PIEDRA (Phyllanthus niruri)
We’d like to point to this study, “Effect of phyllanthus niruri on metabolic parameters of patients with kidney stone: a perspective for disease prevention,” which has been published in the US National Library of Medicine. In a research conducted to see results of what chanca piedra / phyllanthus niruri would do, here is the conclusion of the study. (Please click on the link above to see the study in full)
|Phyllanthus niruri (chanca piedra) intake is safe and does not cause significant adverse effects on serum metabolic parameters. It increases urinary excretion of magnesium and potassium caused a significant decrease in urinary oxalate and uric acid in patients with hyperoxaluria and hyperuricosuria. The consumption of Phyllanthus niruri contributed to the elimination of urinary calculi.|
POSSIBLE SIDE OF EFFECTS
Bleeding disorder: Chanca piedra might slow blood clotting. There is a concern that taking chanca piedra might cause bleeding in people with bleeding disorders. Diabetes: Chanca piedra might affect blood sugar levels.
BUYING CHANCA PIEDRA
At ItsHealthTea, we sell the best quality sourced chanca piedra. Moreso, we make blends you currently won’t find anywhere else (it’s a matter of time until they copy us.) Here are some of the our best sellers: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ghazala
Ghazāla (غزالة; died 696 AD near Kufa) was a leader of the Kharijite movement.
Biography
Ghazāla, born in Mosul, was the wife of Shabib ibn Yazid al-Shaybani. Shabib rebelled against Umayyad rule, and Ghazala was actively at his side. She commanded troops, following in the footsteps of previous Muslim women like Juwayriyya bint al-Ḥārith at the Battle of Yarmuk.
In one battle, she made the Umayyad governor Hajjāj ibn-Yūsuf flee, and take refuge in his palace in Kufa. As a result, a poem was composed shaming him for posterity: You are a lion against me, but in the battle an ostrich which spreads its wings and hurries off on hearing the chirping of a sparrow.
Why did you not go forth in the conflict and fight with Ghazala hand to hand? But no! Your heart fled from you (as if) with the wings of a bird. In 696 AD (77 AH), after having controlled the city of Kufa for a day, Ghazāla led her male warriors in prayer as well as recited two of the longest chapters from the Quran during the prayer in the Mosque.
She was killed in battle, and her head was cut off for presenting it to Hajjaj. However, her husband Shabib sent a horseman who killed the carrier of his wife's head, and had a proper burial for it. | WIKI |
ATLANTIS architecture
The A Three-Layer Architecture for Navigating Through Intricate Situations (ATLANTIS) is a hybrid reactive/deliberative robot architecture developed by Erann Gat at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. | WIKI |
Manjung Power Station
Manjung Power Station (Stesen Janaelektrik Manjung) is a coal-fired power station in Manjung District, Perak, Malaysia. | WIKI |
[No. F026156.
Fifth Dist.
June 29, 1998.]
JOHN SILVA, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. LUCKY STORES, INC., et al., Defendants and Respondents.
Counsel
Frank Ursini, Green & Azevedo and Jerry N. Budin for Plaintiff and Appellant.
Rogers, Joseph, O’Donnell & Quinn, Renée D. Wasserman and E. Sean McLoughlin for Defendants and Respondents.
Opinion
THAXTER, J.
John Silva (Silva) appeals from the judgment entered after the court granted summary judgment for his former employers, Lucky Stores, Inc. and American Stores Company (jointly, Lucky), on his wrongful termination action. The novel issue presented is whether Silva raised a triable issue of fact regarding Lucky’s decision to terminate his employment under the new standard set forth in Cotran v. Rollins Hudig Hall Internat., Inc. (1998) 17 Cal.4th 93 [69 Cal.Rptr.2d 900, 948 P.2d 412], We will conclude he did not, and we will affirm the judgment.
Procedural History
Silva began working for Lucky in November 1966 as an entry level clerk. In 1974, after intervening promotions, Silva was made a store manager. He continued to work as a store manager until October 7, 1994, when two female employees reported that he had sexually harassed them. After a month-long investigation, Lucky’s review board concluded that Silva had violated the store’s sexual harassment policy and procedures and terminated his employment.
Silva sued Lucky for breach of an implied contract not to terminate except for good cause and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Lucky moved for summary judgment/summary adjudication on the grounds: (1) Silva’s breach of contract cause of action was without merit because he was an at-will employee and Lucky had good cause to discharge him as a matter of law, and (2) Silva’s breach of the implied covenant cause of action was without merit because his termination was based on Lucky’s good faith belief that he violated the company’s sexual harassment policy. Silva conceded that Lucky was entitled to summary adjudication on his cause of action for breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. However, he argued, first, there were triable issues of fact as to whether he was at-will or subject to an implied contract not to be terminated except for good cause. Second, Lucky’s good faith belief that he engaged in misconduct was not a defense to his breach of contract claim. Rather, the issue was whether he had actually engaged in the misconduct for which he was terminated. (Wilkerson v. Wells Fargo Bank (1989) 212 Cal.App.3d 1217 [261 Cal.Rptr. 185].) Because he denied engaging in the alleged harassment, there were triable issues of fact regarding the breach of contract claim.
The trial court found no triable issues of fact. First, Silva failed to introduce admissible evidence to rebut the Labor Code section 2922 presumption and raise a triable issue of material fact that his employment by Lucky was other than at will. Second, Silva failed to introduce admissible evidence sufficient to raise a triable issue of material fact that Lucky’s decision to terminate his employment based on violation of the company’s sexual harassment policy was not within the legitimate scope of its managerial discretion. The court entered judgment for Lucky. Silva appealed that decision.
Facts
On October 7, 1994, about 4:30 or 5:00 p.m., courtesy clerk Leticia Barajas was taking an unscheduled restroom break from her job of bagging groceries at Lucky’s. As she ran through the double doors into the back room, Silva was standing near the entrance to the hallway that led to the restrooms. Ms. Barajas told Silva to move. Instead of moving, Silva crouched down and grabbed her buttocks. After Silva left the store, Ms. Barajas spoke with the head clerk, Randy Wilson, who paged Lucky’s human resources representative, Jeff Szczesny, to investigate the incident.
Szczesny came to the store and interviewed Ms. Barajas at 6:30 p.m. Ms. Barajas described the incident to Szczesny. When asked if she had heard any other women complain, Ms. Barajas said that checker Rochelle Saldana had told her that Silva “slapped her on the butt.” Szczesny interviewed Ms. Saldana later that night. Saldana told him that several weeks earlier, Silva had slapped her buttocks while she was bending into a melon bin. When Ms. Saldana told Silva she could charge him with sexual harassment, Silva smiled, removed his name badge and said, “I’m not on the clock.”
Szczesny interviewed Silva about the allegations the next morning. Silva admitted that he had crouched down as if he was going to tackle Ms. Barajas as she ran to the restroom. However, he said she bumped into him. He did not remember where his hands were but he denied touching her “butt.” Silva told Szczesny he had “smacked” Ms. Saldana on the back or side of her leg six to eight weeks earlier. She was reaching into the watermelon bin and Silva thought she would fall in and hurt herself.
Szczesny interviewed Lucky employees regarding the allegations of sexual harassment. Witnesses to the Barajas and Saldana incidents corroborated that the physical contact had occurred. After the interviews, Szczesny spoke with Silva a third time to elicit his comments and explanations regarding the events reported.
At the completion of his investigation, Szczesny concluded in a written report that it was reasonable to assume that both the Barajas and Saldana incidents took place. The events were corroborated by witnesses and Silva conceded he had physical contact with both women although he asserted it was not of a sexual nature. Szczesny acknowledged that some employees felt Ms. Saldana and Ms. Barajas had ulterior motives.
Based on Szczesny’s investigation, Lucky Stores’ review board concluded that Silva had violated Lucky’s sexual harassment policy and procedures. These actions violated company policies as well as Silva’s job responsibilities. Silva was terminated on November 10, 1994, for violation of company policy and procedure.
Discussion
Standard of Review
Summary judgment is properly granted when the papers show there is no triable issue as to any material fact, and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. (Code Civ. Proc., § 437c, subd. (c).) When the defendant is the moving party, he must show either that (1) one or more elements of a cause of action cannot be established, or (2) there is a complete defense. (§ 437c, subd. (o)(2).) Once that burden is met, the burden shifts to the plaintiff to show the existence of a triable issue of fact with respect to that cause of action or defense. (Ibid.) We review the trial court’s decision to grant defendant summary judgment de novo. We review the ruling, not the rationale. (Ojavan Investors, Inc. v. California Coastal Com. (1997) 54 Cal.App.4th 373, 385 [62 Cal.Rptr.2d 803].)
In independently reviewing a motion for summary judgment, we apply the same three-step analysis used by the superior court. We identify the issues framed by the pleadings, determine whether the moving party has negated the opponent’s claims, and determine whether the opposition has demonstrated the existence of a triable, material factual issue. (Ojavan Investors, Inc. v. California Coastal Com., supra, 54 Cal.App.4th at p. 385.) Because of the drastic nature of the summary judgment procedure and the importance of safeguarding the adverse party’s right to a trial, the moving party must make a strong showing. His affidavits are strictly construed and the opposing party’s are liberally construed. (Kulesa v. Castleberry (1996) 47 Cal.App.4th 103, 112 [54 Cal.Rptr.2d 669].)
1. There are no triable issues of fact as to whether Lucky, acting in good faith and following an investigation that was appropriate under the circumstances, had reasonable grounds for believing Silva had engaged in the alleged misconduct.
After the parties had briefed the case on appeal, the Supreme Court decided Cotran v. Rollins Hudig Hall Internat., Inc., supra, 17 Cal.4th 93. Cotran disapproved Wilkerson v. Wells Fargo Bank, supra, 212 Cal.App.3d 1217 and held that if an implied contract exists, employers who fire employees for misconduct are not required to prove that the alleged misconduct actually occurred. Rather, the employer must show that it reasonably believed that the alleged misconduct took place and otherwise acted fairly. (Cotran v. Rollins Hudig Hall Internat., Inc., supra, at pp. 107-109.)
Cotran sued his former employer after he was fired for sexual harassment of two women. The termination followed a lengthy investigation by the human resources director, who interviewed 21 people, including 5 identified by Cotran. There was no definitive evidence of the alleged misconduct, and the resolution of the allegations depended on credibility determinations by the company’s investigators. Senior management involved in the investigation ultimately concluded that Cotran likely had engaged in the harassment and terminated him. (Cotran v. Rollins Hudig Hall Internat., Inc., supra, 17 Cal.4th at pp. 96-98.)
He had not refuted the allegations when his employer had initially confronted him with them because he was upset, frightened and felt ambushed. (Cotran v. Rollins Hudig Hall Internat., Inc., supra, 17 Cal.4th at p. 98.) The employer’s defense was that it had conducted a fair investigation and had reached its determination honestly and in good faith. (Id. at p. 99.) The trial court rejected that theory and ruled the employer had to prove that Cotran committed the acts that led to his dismissal. The court instructed the jury accordingly. The jury returned a substantial verdict for Cotran. (Ibid.)
The Supreme Court held that it was not the jury’s function to decide whether the acts that led to the decision to terminate actually occurred. Rather, the jury was to assess the objective reasonableness of the employer’s factual determination of misconduct. To this end, the jury had to determine whether the factual basis on which the employer concluded a dischargeable act had been committed was reached honestly, after an appropriate investigation and for reasons that were not arbitrary or pretextual. (Cotran v. Rollins Hudig Hall Internat., Inc., supra, 17 Cal.4th at p. 107.) “[Pjermitting juries to reexamine the factual basis for the decision to terminate for misconduct—typically gathered under the exigencies of the workaday world and without benefit of the slow-moving machinery of a contested trial— dampens an employer’s willingness to act, intruding on the ‘wide latitude’ [necessary] for the efficient conduct of business.” (Id. at pp. 105-106.)
The court concluded the jury, on retrial, should be instructed: “[T]he question critical to defendants’ liability is not whether plaintiff in fact sexually harassed other employees, but whether at the time the decision to terminate his employment was made, defendants, acting in good faith and following an investigation that was appropriate under the circumstances, had reasonable grounds for believing plaintiff had done so.” (Cotran v. Rollins Hudig Hall Internat., Inc., supra, 17 Cal.4th at p. 109.)
We asked the parties to address the impact of Cotran on Silva’s appeal. Lucky responded that Cotran was dispositive and compelled this court to affirm the judgment. According to Lucky, Silva conceded that Lucky acted in good faith in terminating him for the alleged sexual harassment, and he did not challenge the appropriateness of Lucky’s investigation or the reasonableness of its decision based on that investigation.
Silva responded with alternative arguments. First, since Cotran announced a new rule for determining whether an employer has good cause to terminate an employee for misconduct, neither party directly addressed the new standard in the proceedings in the trial court. Thus, he urges this court to reverse the judgment and remand the matter to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with the Cotran standard. In the alternative, he argues, the record (although not fully developed) demonstrates triable issues of fact under the Cotran test for determining good cause which compel reversal of the judgment.
The Matter Need Not Be Remanded
Silva submits he approached the issue of good cause by arguing that Wilkerson v. Wells Fargo Bank, supra, 212 Cal.App.3d 1217 applied and there were triable issues as to whether he engaged in the charged misconduct. Lucky approached the issue by arguing that Wilkerson did not apply and the proper test was whether Lucky had a good faith subjective belief that the misconduct occurred. Because neither party foresaw Cotran’s objective standard, Silva did not present all the evidence available to him relevant to the new standard. For example, he did not include all of Szczesny’s deposition testimony or all of his investigative reports. He also did not present any expert witness testimony addressing the objective reasonableness of Lucky’s factual determination of misconduct or whether Lucky conducted an appropriate investigation under the circumstances.
The case need not be remanded. First, although Lucky focused on the subjective reasonableness of its good faith determination, it included ample evidence going to the objective reasonableness of that belief. Second, if the omitted portion of Szczesny’s deposition or investigative report indicated that Lucky’s belief that it had good cause to terminate Silva was objectively unreasonable, it is unlikely that Silva would have failed to use that evidence to dispute Lucky’s claim of subjective good faith. Third, judicial efficiency would be thwarted if the case is remanded without any offer of proof by Silva as to additional evidence on the appropriateness of the investigation or the reasonableness of the termination decision.
There are No Triable Issues of Fact Under the Cotran Standard
Cotran set forth a new standard for good cause in termination decisions. Three factual determinations are relevant to the question of employer liability: (1) did the employer act with good faith in making the decision to terminate; (2) did the decision follow an investigation that was appropriate under the circumstances; and (3) did the employer have reasonable grounds for believing the employee had engaged in the misconduct. (Cotran v. Rollins Hudig Hall Internat., Inc., supra, 17 Cal.4th at p. 109.)
All of the elements of the Cotran standard are triable to the jury. (Cotran v. Rollins Hudig Hall Internat., Inc., supra, 17 Cal.4th at p. 108.) However, if the facts are undisputed or admit of only one conclusion, then summary judgment may be entered on issues that otherwise would have been submitted to the jury. (Davis v. Consolidated Freightways (1994) 29 Cal.App.4th 354, 366 [34 Cal.Rptr.2d 438].)
(a) Employer Good Faith
Silva does not claim that Lucky had a wrongful motive in determining there was good cause to terminate his employment. Moreover, he conceded in the trial court that Lucky did not breach the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing because it determined honestly and in good faith that good cause existed for his discharge. Silva’s concession constitutes an admission that there is no triable issue regarding Lucky’s good faith under the first element of the Cotran standard.
(b) Appropriate Investigation
Cotran did not delineate the earmarks of an appropriate investigation but noted that investigative fairness contemplates listening to both sides and providing employees a fair opportunity to present their position and to correct or contradict relevant statements prejudicial to their case, without the procedural formalities of a trial. (Cotran v. Rollins Hudig Hall Internat., Inc., supra, 17 Cal.4th at p. 108.)
While neither party in this case directly addressed the appropriateness of Lucky’s investigation in the trial court, Lucky presented substantial evidence relevant to the issue to support its assertion of good faith. Lucky had a written policy specifying how sexual harassment allegations were to be investigated. The policy directed: Treat complaints seriously, investigate immediately, treat the matter confidentially, conduct interviews in a private area, listen to the allegations and make complete notes, attempt to identify all persons involved as well as possible witnesses, and interview the accused employee.
In addition to its written investigation policy, Lucky designated a particular employee to investigate such claims. Lucky’s human resources representative, Jeff Szczesny, was responsible for investigating employee complaints of sexual harassment. It was his practice to interview the employee making the allegation, the employee against whom the allegation was made and any employees who may have witnessed the alleged conduct as soon as possible after the reported occurrence.
Between October 7 and November 7, 1994, Szczesny interviewed 15 Lucky store employees regarding the allegations against Silva. He recorded the information obtained from each witness on a witness interview form and/or obtained a written statement from each pursuant to his usual practice. The witness interview forms and written statements demonstrate the appropriateness of Lucky’s investigation in this case.
Silva objected to the reports on hearsay grounds. The objection is without merit. Where the reasonableness of a person’s conduct is at issue, statements of others on which he acted are admissible. (Central H. Imp. Co. v. Memorial Parks (1940) 40 Cal.App.2d 591, 609 [105 P.2d 596]; 1 Witkin, Cal. Evidence (3d ed. 1986) The Hearsay Rule, § 600, p. 572.) Thus, materials generated during the employer’s investigation of misconduct under Cotran are admissible to establish that the investigation took place, that it was appropriate under the circumstances and that the termination decision was reasonable based on that information.
Szczesny’s reports show that he interviewed Ms. Barajas at 6:30 p.m. the evening of the incident. Szczesny asked her what had happened. She told him she was running to the restroom and Silva, who was talking to Troy Boulter in the back room, was in her way. She told him to move, she had to use the restroom. Instead of moving, he put both of his hands around her and “grabbed her butt.” Ms. Barajas said she was “shocked” by the incident. After Silva left the store, she asked Boulter if he had seen what had happened, and he said that he did. Boulter also said that he told Silva he could get in trouble for doing that, and Silva had replied, “What are they going to do about it?”
In response to Szczesny’s question had Silva ever touched her before, Ms. Barajas stated that Silva squeezed her cheeks and said, “Let me look at you” and “If I were younger, I would chase you all over town.” When asked if she had heard any other women complain, Ms. Barajas told him of Ms. Saldana’s complaints.
Szczesny interviewed Troy Boulter regarding the incident that evening after he spoke to Ms. Barajas. Boulter said he was talking with Silva in the back room when Ms. Barajas walked toward them headed toward the restroom. Silva lunged forward as if he was going to tackle her. He put his arms around her and grabbed her “butt” with both hands. Boulter told Silva he was going to get in trouble and Silva replied, “What can they do?” and “snickered.” About 10 minutes later, a “very upset” Ms. Barajas asked him, “Am I imagining, or did he really do this,” or did Silva do that “on purpose.”
Boulter had not heard any other women complain about Silva. However, he remembered that several years ago he had seen Silva pick up a female employee and “bit[e] her on the butt.” The woman was laughing and not offended. Boulter had heard Silva make “flirtatious comments,” but did not know if anybody was offended by the statements.
That evening, Szczesny had head clerk Randy Wilson prepare a written statement regarding what Ms. Barajas had told him that prompted Wilson to call Szczesny. Wilson’s statement corroborates Ms. Barajas’s statement to Szczesny.
Szczesny interviewed Rochelle Saldana at 8:30 p.m. the evening of the Barajas incident. Ms. Saldana told him that Silva had “slapped her on the butt four or five times” beginning about six months or a year earlier. She did not tell him to stop or report him because she feared retaliation. However, she had told four other employees about the incidents. The most recent slap occurred about a month earlier. She was in the back room bending into a melon bin to get a melon. Employee Brenda Taylor was present. Silva slapped her; Ms. Saldana retorted, “I could get you for sexual harassment.” Silva smiled, removed his name badge and said, “I’m not on the clock.” Ms. Saldana said Silva also made suggestive comments to her like, “Don’t you look good today,” “I need to find a good Mexican girl like you,” “Let’s go run away,” and “If I was 20 years younger I would go for you.”
The next morning, Szczesny met with Silva in the store office and asked him about the allegations. Silva said that Ms. Barajas had run into the back room toward the restrooms. He was in a good mood because he was going to a football game that night. He bent down like he was going to tackle her. She bumped into him and “that was the end of it.” He recalled her saying she had to go to the restroom. She ran into his shoulder; he did not remember where his hands were. He denied touching her “butt.” He may have grabbed her shoulders to keep her from falling but he did not think she was losing her balance. He did not recall Boulter saying he could get into trouble or him saying, “What are they going to do about it?” Silva said he and Ms. Barajas “joke around a lot” and Ms. Barajas did not seem upset to him that day. Silva stated he would never do something “like that. He would not go that far.”
Silva told Szczesny he did not recall touching or slapping any employee on the rear end. He agreed something like that would be inappropriate. He denied saying that if he was younger he would date an employee. Silva believed that Ms. Barajas and Boulter were honest. He commented that Ms. Barajas and Ms. Saldana were good friends and that Ms. Saldana had been “stirring it up” after he talked to her about dress code violations and two customer complaints.
The next day, October 9, 1994, Silva paged Szczesny and wanted to talk again. Silva had talked with an attorney-friend who suggested he get a few things out in the open. Silva told Szczesny he had “smacked” Ms. Saldana on the back or side of her leg six to eight weeks earlier. She was reaching into a watermelon bin and Silva thought she would fall in and hurt herself. In addition, about three weeks earlier Ms. Saldana called him a sexist pig for instructing a male employee to help a female employee with a task. Ms. Saldana had asked him if he wanted to go out with her and he jokingly said maybe he would.
Silva reported that a week earlier, Ms. Saldana and Ms. Barajas were talking when courtesy clerk Mike was called to mop the produce section. Mike suggested that Ms. Barajas get to work and Ms. Saldana told him not to worry about it. Kelly Flowers saw Silva talk to Ms. Saldana about the incident. After Ms. Saldana left, Flowers warned Silva, “You need to be careful, she will tag you someday.”
Silva also reported that Ms. Barajas pinched his cheeks and asked if he was having a good day. He admitted telling her, in front of her boyfriend, that if he was younger he would treat her right and spoil her. Ms. Barajas later told him that was nice of him to say so. He said he did not know she was offended; she had never complained. He thought she should have stopped before running into him in the back room.
Szczesny interviewed journey clerk Brenda Taylor on October 8, 1994. Taylor enjoyed working at the store and got along well with the other employees. She had never given the sexual harassment policy any attention. When asked if she had witnessed sexual harassment at the store, Taylor said, about a month earlier, she had been in the back room while Ms. Saldana bent over the watermelon bin. She heard “a very loud slap” followed by Ms. Saldana telling Silva she could file harassment charges against him. Taylor did not remember Silva’s response but, he “laughed it off.” When Taylor and Ms. Saldana were walking away, Ms. Saldana might have mentioned that Silva had done that to her before. Ms. Saldana also said, “You remember this in case I need you to back me up.” Taylor had not heard any other complaints about Silva. She added, Silva shakes hands a lot but she has never been offended. He comments on how good she looks but she takes it as a compliment. She thought the relationship between Silva and Ms. Saldana was friendly.
Szczesny interviewed receiving clerk Rosanne Cooper on October 13, 1994. Cooper enjoyed working at the store and said that management treated her well. She had not read the harassment policy posted in the back room but said there were inappropriate comments “every day” and “all” of the females had been harassed by other employees or vendors. For example, when she was going through a divorce, Silva told everyone about it. When she was in a bad mood, Silva told her she needed to meet a man and have sex. Additionally, during “horseplay,” Silva would grab her from behind by the waist or the shoulders. She stated that on the day of the Barajas incident, Silva was “rowdy” and in a great mood; Ms. Barajas was not in a good mood. Cooper had heard Silva comment on how pretty Ms. Saldana is and on Ms. Barajas’s weight. She had heard Ms. Saldana complain about the way Silva looked at her. Cooper felt that Ms. Barajas was honest.
Szczesny interviewed courtesy clerk Karen Johnson on October 18, 1994. Johnson had worked at the store since 1991 and liked her job. Johnson told Szczesny Silva once suggested she could lose weight if she retrieved more shopping carts. She felt Silva was vindictive; he would schedule people for late shifts or cut their hours if he was angry with them. Ms. Saldana had complained to her about Silva “touching” her “since June or so.”
At a sexual harassment training session, Kelly Flowers, a “Fourth Person” (employee in line for a management position), commented that Silva was “trouble waiting to happen” and that he was just like the offending store manager in the training film (demonstrating sexual harassment). Szczesny interviewed Flowers on October 21, 1994, to follow up on those comments. Flowers told Szczesny she had been warned about Silva when she transferred to his store. Several people (she could not recall who) told her he was “real friendly” and “likes the girls.” She said several other people had commented during the harassment training film scene with the manager, “There’s [Silva].”
Flowers believed Ms. Saldana’s allegations were credible because Ms. Saldana had told her about Silva “slapping her butt” prior to the Barajas incident and also mentioned that she had a witness. Flowers thought that Ms. Saldana had identified Taylor as the witness. Silva had patted Flowers’s leg while they were in his office. She was not offended; it was “no big deal.” Flowers said that Silva had recently yelled at Ms. Saldana and told her to get into her checkstand while Ms. Saldana was trying to talk to him about a customer complaint.
On October 21, 1994, Szczesny interviewed Sue Krukiel, a journey clerk who had worked for Lucky for over 20 years. She told Szczesny she liked the working environment overall but had two incidents she wanted to bring to his attention. One day over a year ago, she was not feeling well. Silva gave a banana to a former courtesy clerk and said, “Give this to Sue, maybe she will feel better.” The comment could be taken several ways, but Krukiel thought it was offensive. On another occasion, when Silva was upset about productivity, he had yelled at her and used profanity.
After the initial interviews, Szczesny reinterviewed several employees to clarify certain issues. On October 29, 1994, he spoke with Ms. Barajas again. Ms. Barajas said she used the phrase “Are we having a bad day” with many people but she had never pinched Silva’s cheeks. She did not remember Silva telling her boyfriend that he should take good care of her, and she never thanked him for complimenting her around her boyfriend. Silva had told her she was mean and was lucky to have a nice boyfriend. Ms. Barajas said she was sometimes “mean” to Silva because of the way he treated people.
On October 29, 1994, Szczesny reinterviewed Brenda Taylor. She did not recall talking to anyone about harassment prior to talking to him on October 8, 1994. Taylor did not recall saying anything to Ann Williams about taking Manuel Silva (the produce manager) “down,” but she may have told Boulter in jest that Manuel should be careful or he might be next. Manuel was a “touchy person” and had the habit of putting his arm around her. She had not asked him to stop because she did not want to hurt his feelings. She noted that Manuel had not put his arm around her since the incident with Silva. Taylor said she liked Silva; he was good to her.
On October 30, 1994, Szczesny interviewed Ms. Saldana again. She was working at a different Lucky Store and did not want to go back to Silva’s former store. Ms. Saldana remembered calling Silva a “sexist pig.” She said she says things like she hates men and men are pigs because of problems in her personal life. She also told Szczesny that although she liked everyone at the store, she would commonly say she was “sick of this place” because she was called in to work on her day off. She did not recall telling Chuck Flanery that she was going to “get them back.”
On November 7, 1994, Szczesny spoke with Silva for the third time. Szczesny explained that Lucky had conducted numerous interviews and there were several issues he wanted to clarify. In response to Szczesny’s questions, Silva said he was familiar with Lucky’s sexual harassment policy. It forbade pinching, touching and “stuff like that.” Silva opined that to continue to touch someone after they told you not to was harassment. He had attended a sexual harassment training session about two years earlier and remembered receiving and signing off on the store’s policy. He denied violating the policy.
Silva denied making sexually suggestive comments or touching any employee other than Ms. Saldana. He stated when Ms. Barajas ran into him, he might have grabbed her arms below the shoulders so she would not fall. He recalled Boulter saying, “Oh my gosh,” and he replied, “What’s the matter? I did not do anything wrong.” He did not explain why he did not remember that conversation at the earlier interview.
Regarding the incident with Ms. Saldana, Silva said that Ms. Saldana was showing Diana Jackson that she could get the melons out of the bin. She was teetering on the edge of the bin. He slapped the back of her leg with the back of his hand to get her attention; he did not want her to fall in. Silva was sure it was Jackson rather than Taylor who had witnessed the incident. However, Jackson told Szczesny she did not remember any incident with Ms. Saldana and Silva; Jackson heard that Taylor had witnessed such an incident.
Silva relayed that he might slap a male employee on the rear when things were going smoothly, like a football coach would. He had not slapped any woman other than Ms. Saldana and she did not say anything about being offended.
Szczesny told Silva that most people interviewed described him as a “touchy/feely” person, yet Silva denied touching any woman other than the incidents with Ms. Saldana and Ms. Barajas. Silva then acknowledged he had poked people in the ribs- and might touch them on the shoulder to get their attention. He also said he might pat their leg if they were sitting next to him.
Silva believed Ms. Saldana might be motivated to “get him” because he had disciplined her for talking at the checkstand with Ms. Barajas. Silva reiterated that Ms. Barajas pinched his cheeks and asked if he was having a good day once or twice a week. Paul Lucas and Randy Ducummon had witnessed those incidents.
Szczesny spoke with Paul Lucas who said he had seen Ms. Barajas do those things on a few occasions. Randy Ducummon said that Ms. Barajas asks, “are we having a good/bad day” but he had never seen her pinch anyone’s cheeks.
After completing the investigation, Szczesny summarized his findings as follows:
“I believe it is reasonable to assume that both of the incidents . . . took place. [Boulter] confirmed [Ms. Barajas’] statement of the events that took place on October 7th. Additionally, [Silva] confirmed that [Ms. Barajas] was running back to the restroom and that he bent down as though he was going to tackle her. [Silva] said that she ran into him, although he said that he did not touch her on the butt.
“Regarding [Ms. Saldana’s] allegation, [Taylor] confirmed that she heard [Silva] slap [Ms. Saldana], although she did not see where [Silva] slapped her. [Taylor] heard the comment, T can get you for harassment’ and [Ms. Saldana] told [Taylor] immediately after the incident that [Silva] ‘slapped her on the ass.’ When I spoke with [Silva] on October 9th, he confirmed that he slapped [Ms. Saldana] when she leaned into the melon bin, however, he said he slapped her on the back or side of the leg. [Ms. Saldana’s] credibility is further strengthened as she told Kelly Flowers (Fourth Person) that [Silva] has slapped her on the butt 4-5 weeks ago.
“Although [Silva] and several other people stated that [Ms. Saldana] and [Ms. Barajas] had gotten in trouble recently for checkstand chatter and dress code, it is still reasonable to believe that these two incidents took place. There was a feeling among several of the employees including [Ms. Saldana], [Ms. Barajas], Chuck Flanery, and Susan Krukiel that [Silva] was an intimidator. This can explain why [Ms. Saldana] did not bring up an [szc] allegations against [Silva] when the incidents took place.
“Most of the employees I interviewed stated that [Silva] is a ‘touchy/ feely’ person, however, few employees stated that he is offensive. . . . [I]t was said that [Silva] ‘shakes hands a lot,’ ‘pats me on the leg,’ or ‘grabs me by the shoulders or waist.’
“There were also several employees that have been offended by comments that have been made at the store. [Cooper] said that comments were made by [Silva] regarding her needing to find a man to have sex. [Krukiel] was told by a courtesy clerk (Marilyn) that [Silva] told her to give [Krukiel] a banana to make her feel better. [Ms. Barajas] and [Ms. Saldana] said that [Silva] has commented that if he was younger, he would try to date them. [Taylor] said that [Silva] has commented on how good she looks, although she takes it as a compliment. None of the employees said that [they] told [Silva] that they were offended.
“There were some employees who raised some concerns regarding this issue. Ann Williams stated that Brenda Taylor told her that they should ‘take down’ Manual [sic] Silva next. Chuck Flanery stated that he was told by [Ms. Saldana] that Tm sick, and tired of this God damn place and I would do anything to get back at them.’ Chuck thinks that [Ms. Saldana] encouraged [Ms. Barajas] to complain.”
Lucky’s evidence demonstrates an appropriate investigation under the circumstances. Lucky utilized Szczesny, an uninvolved human resources representative, to investigate the charges. Szczesny had been trained by in-house counsel on how to conduct an investigation. Szczesny investigated the complaints promptly and memorialized his findings on Lucky’s witness interview forms. He had important witnesses provide their own written statement regarding the events at issue.
Szczesny asked relevant, open-ended, nonleading questions. He attempted to elicit facts as opposed to opinions or supposition. He maintained confidentiality by conducting a number of interviews off the store premises or by telephone. He encouraged those he interviewed to page him if they wanted to talk with him again. The record does not indicate how Szczesny determined which independent employees to interview. Apparently, various employee witnesses gave him additional names of persons who might provide pertinent information. Szczesny’s notes indicate those interviewed were generally happy with their jobs, i.e., they were not disgruntled employees.
Szczesny notified Silva of the charges promptly and afforded him an opportunity to present his version of the incidents. He encouraged Silva to call him if he wanted to talk with him again and Silva called Szczesny the next day to provide more information.
Szczesny provided the critical witnesses with an opportunity to clarify, correct or challenge information provided by other witnesses which was contrary to their statements or which cast doubt on their credibility. After interviewing all the other witnesses, Szczesny gave Silva a final opportunity to comment on the information he had gathered. As such, Lucky’s investigation of the sexual harassment allegations meets Cotrarí s fairness requirements. Lucky listened to both sides, advised Silva of the charges and provided him with ample opportunity to present his position and to correct or contradict relevant statements prejudicial to his case. (Cotran v. Rollins Hudig Hall Internat., Inc., supra, 17 Cal.4th at p. 108.)
Silva contends there are triable issues of fact as to whether Lucky’s investigation was appropriate under the circumstances. He submits the evidence shows that Lucky failed to interview key people, ignored substantial exculpatory evidence and was swayed by rumor, gossip and innuendo. We will consider each contention in turn.
First, Silva asserts that Troy Boulter, who was Ms. Barajas’s corroborating witness, gave such a “completely different version” of the incident that Szczesny should have been alerted to the possibility of fabrication. Not so; the differences in the two statements are minor. Although Boulter said Ms. Barajas walked rather than ran into the back room, that variation does not render the reports inconsistent in any material regard. In his written statement Boulter said Silva grabbed Barajas’s “body”; however, he told Szczesny that same evening that Silva grabbed Ms. Barajas “on the butt” when Szczesny specifically asked him where Silva grabbed her. At his deposition, Boulter testified Silva grabbed Ms. Barajas but did not state where until prodded to do so. Boulter’s reluctance to name the anatomical body part he saw Silva grab did not render his description of the incident inconsistent with Ms. Barajas’s description. Nothing in Boulter’s report raised an inference that Ms. Barajas had fabricated her story.
Second, according to Ms. Saldana, Brenda Taylor was present when Silva slapped her. According to Silva, Diana Jackson—not Taylor—was present at the time. Silva submits Szczesny’s failure to check store records to validate who was working that day raises a triable issue regarding the adequacy of the investigation. We disagree. First, no one was sure which day the incident had occurred, so checking store records would not have been conclusive in any event. Second, Szczesny interviewed Jackson to ascertain if she had witnessed the incident. Jackson had not; she had heard that Taylor was the witness. Szczesny had already interviewed Taylor who had described the Saldana incident to him. There is no triable issue as to the appropriateness of the investigation in this regard.
Third, Silva criticizes Szczesny’s failure to interview Manuel Silva who was “on duty” at the time of the Saldana incident. Absent evidence that Manuel Silva had anything pertinent to say about the Saldana incident, Szczesny’s failure to interview him does not raise a triable issue as to the appropriateness of the investigation.
Fourth, Silva claims Szczesny “ignored” information from a number of employees that challenged the credibility of Ms. Barajas and Ms. Saldana and suggested the women had ulterior motives for making the allegations. For example, Ms. Barajas tried to advance from clerk to bookkeeper but failed because she could not balance the books; she was upset about her paycheck on October 7; she “had [a] . . . grudge against” Silva, was emotional and “pout[edj”; Ms. Saldana was manipulative; Ms. Barajas, Ms. Saldana and Troy Boulter were talking together after the Barajas incident and Ms. Barajas and Ms. Saldana were smiling.
The record demonstrates Szczesny did not ignore such comments. While his investigation summary is not as colorful as the long-after-the-fact comments of Silva’s witnesses, Szczesny stated: “Although [Silva] and several other people stated that [Ms. Saldana] and [Ms. Barajas] had gotten in trouble recently for checkstand chatter and dress code, it is still reasonable to believe that these two incidents- took place. ...”
“There were some employees who raised some concerns regarding this issue. Ann Williams stated that Brenda Taylor told her that they should ‘take down’ Manual [sic] Silva next. Chuck Flanery stated that he was told by [Ms. Saldana] that ‘I’m sick and tired of this God damn place and I would do anything to get back at them.’ Chuck thinks that [Ms. Saldana] encouraged [Ms. Barajas] to complain.” Because the record demonstrates Szczesny elicited and considered the information Silva claimed he ignored, there is no triable issue in this regard.
Silva next contends Szczesny “refused” to speak with Mike Coito who would have told him: He heard Brenda Taylor say they would “take down” Manuel Silva, he felt Ms. Barajas was not a good worker, and Troy Boulter had “changed his story” and said the incident was “not as significant” as he had first reported. This “evidence” does not raise a triable issue regarding the appropriateness of the investigation. Coito provided this information in a declaration dated January 1996, over a year after the fact. Further, his information about Taylor’s statement was cumulative, and his feelings about Ms. Barajas’s work performance were irrelevant, as was his belief that Boulter had “changed his story” after the investigation was complete.
Fifth, Silva submits Szczesny should have investigated Ms. Saldana’s work history which indicated she was “a problem child.” We disagree. Szczesny’s reports indicate Ms. Saldana was the less credible complainant. Szczesny did not ignore evidence favorable to Silva in this regard. His summary reports her recent discipline and the concerns voiced by several employees regarding her motives. Despite Ms. Saldana’s credibility problems, however, Szczesny concluded her report of sexual harassment was probably true because Taylor heard the slap followed immediately by Saldana’s sexual harassment comment to Silva, and two additional employees reported that Ms. Saldana told them of the incident prior to the Barajas incident. Silva has not raised a triable issue of fact regarding the adequacy of the investigation in this regard.
Sixth, Silva argues that Szczesny failed to investigate “some of the more outrageous . . . charges” against Silva which called into question the credibility of the reporting witness. The only example given, however, is deposition testimony in December 1995, long after the investigation was complete.
Finally, Silva contends Szczesny ignored positive comments about him from Ann Williams and failed to interview Barbara Rogers, another long-term employee, who would have told Szczesny that it would be out of character for Silva to have engaged in the conduct alleged. The absence of these statements did not raise a triable issue as to the appropriateness of the investigation. While Silva denied touching either complainant in a sexual manner, he admitted touching them. He also admitted tickling female employees, touching them on the shoulder and patting their leg; he admitted slapping male employees “on the rear.” Silva’s own admissions indicate either that Williams and Rogers were unaware of Silva’s activities with other employees or they had aberrant ideas as to what constituted appropriate physical contact in the workplace.
None of Silva’s evidence raises a triable issue regarding the appropriateness of Lucky’s investigation under the Cotran standard. While the investigation was not perfect, it was appropriate given that it was conducted “under the exigencies of the workaday world and without benefit of the slow-moving machinery of a contested trial.” (Cotran v. Rollins Hudig Hall Internat., Inc., supra, 17 Cal.4th at pp. 105-106.)
(c) Objective Reasonableness of Lucky’s Factual Determination of Misconduct
Lucky asserts that Silva’s admissions in response to its motion for summary judgment negate any triable issue of fact on the third Cotran element. Silva agreed the following facts were undisputed: (1) after completion of the investigation, Szczesny concluded “it is reasonable to assume that [the Barajas and Saldana incidents of sexual harassment] took place”; (2) based pn the investigation, Lucky’s review board concluded Silva had violated the store’s sexual harassment policy; (3) based on the investigation, Lucky believed the Barajas and Saldana complaints of sexual harassment against Silva; and (4) Lucky believed it had good cause to terminate Silva for violation of company policy. Silva, on the other hand, contends there are triable issues of fact as to whether Lucky had substantial evidence to support an objectively reasonable conclusion that Silva had sexually harassed Ms. Barajas and Ms. Saldana.
Silva’s admissions do not dispose of the issue but additional evidence presented in the trial court demonstrates there are no triable issues as to whether Lucky reasonably determined it had good cause to terminate Silva’s employment for violation of company policies.
Cotran defined “good cause” in the context of an implied employment contract as “fair and honest reasons, regulated by good faith on the part of the employer, that are not trivial, arbitrary or capricious, unrelated to business needs or goals, or pretextual. (Cotran v. Rollins Hudig Hall Internat., Inc., supra, 17 Cal.4th at p. 108.)
As a preliminary matter, Silva does not contend that Lucky’s reasons for terminating his employment were trivial, arbitrary, unrelated to business needs or pretextual. Silva conceded he was terminated for violation of Lucky’s policies and procedures, following an investigation of reports by two subordinate female employees that he had sexually harassed them. He also conceded that sexual harassment by a store manager of subordinate female employees constituted good cause to terminate the manager. Thus, the issue presented is whether Silva raised a triable issue of fact as to whether Lucky’s determination that he engaged in the alleged sexual harassment constituted a reasoned conclusion supported by substantial evidence. We find no triable issue of material fact for this Cotran element.
Ms. Barajas and Ms. Saldana reported conduct by Silva which undisputedly constituted sexual harassment under Lucky’s policy. Both incidents were witnessed by other employees who corroborated that the conduct occurred. Silva admitted he had physical contact with both women, but denied its sexual nature. A number of other employees told Szczesny that Silva engaged in conduct—sexual innuendo, suggestive comments, physical contact—which violated Lucky’s sexual harassment policy. These reports constitute substantial evidence which supports Lucky’s conclusion that Silva engaged in the sexual harassment of which he was accused.
In response to Lucky’s motion for summary judgment, Silva argued in the trial court that Lucky should not have terminated his employment because he denied the allegations of sexual harassment. In addition, Lucky was unjust in terminating his 28-year employment simply on the word of Ms. Barajas and Ms. Saldana. Neither ground raises a triable issue regarding the reasonableness of Lucky’s decision to terminate his employment.
In his supplemental brief, Silva contends there are triable issues of fact as to whether Lucky’s decision to terminate his employment for violation of company policies constitutes a reasoned conclusion supported by substantial evidence under Cotran. Specifically, Silva cites evidence that Szczesny “relied on double and triple hearsay” as well as gossip and rumor. For example, Brenda Taylor told Szczesny she was told that Silva “is a ‘skirt-chaser’ since his divorce”; Kelly Flowers told Szczesny she was warned about Silva before she transferred to his store; several people told her Silva was real friendly and “likes the girls.”
Such comments may be a predicable result of factfinding proceedings conducted without the procedural formalities of a trial. (Cotran v. Rollins Hudig Hall Internat., Inc., supra, 17 Cal.4th at p. 108.) They are not substantial evidence. However, while Szczesny included such comments in his investigation notes, they did not form the basis for his conclusion that the Barajas and Saldana incidents had probably occurred. Those conclusions were based on the statements of the complainants, the percipient witnesses to the incidents and Silva’s admissions that physical contact had occurred in both incidents. Accordingly, Silva has not raised a triable issue of fact as to whether Lucky’s decision to terminate his employment for violation of company policies constituted a reasoned conclusion supported by substantial, evidence under Cotran.
2. Whether Silva was an at-will employee is moot.
One of the grounds asserted by Lucky and given by the court for the summary judgment order was that Silva was an at-will employee subject to termination without cause. Silva contended there was an implied agreement wherein Lucky agreed that Silva could be terminated only for good cause. In light of our conclusion that Lucky had good cause for terminating Silva’s employment, we do not reach the question of whether there was a triable issue of fact concerning the existence of such an agreement.
Disposition
Affirmed. Costs to respondents.
Stone (W. A.), Acting P. J., and Dibiaso, J., concurred.
Further statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure unless otherwise indicated.
| CASELAW |
Page:Carroll - Euclid and His Modern Rivals.djvu/279
Rh to go through the same matter in Euclid. So far as the half time is concerned this seems to be only an expression of belief as to the result of an untried experiment; it is based on the comparison of a few other books with Euclid, one of these being the Course of the late Professor Cape; as I have already stated, actual experience suggests a conclusion directly contrary to the present prediction. As to the number of propositions we readily admit that a reduction might be made, for it is obvious that we may in many cases either combine or separate according to our taste. But the difficulty of a subject does not vary directly as the number of propositions in which it is contained; a single proposition will in some cases require more time and attention than half a dozen others. I have no doubt that the mixture of easy propositions with the more difficult is a great encouragement to beginners in Euclid; and instead of diminishing the number of propositions I should prefer to see some increase: for example I should like to have Euclid i. 26 divided into two parts, and Euclid i. 28 into two parts.
Again, it has been said that Euclid is artificial, and that he "has sacrificed to a great extent simplicity and naturalness in his demonstrations;" it is a curious instance of the difference of opinion which we may find on the same subject, for, with a much wider experience than the writer whom I quote, I believe that Euclid maintains, and does not sacrifice, simplicity and naturalness in his system, assuming that we wish to have strictness above all things.
The exclusion of hypothetical constructions has been represented as a great defect in Euclid; and it has been said that this has made the confused order of his first book necessary. Confused order is rather a contradictory expression; but it may be presumed that the charge is intended to be one of confusion: I venture to deny the confusion. I admit that Euclid wished to make the subject depend on as few axioms and postulates as possible; and this I regard as one of his great merits; it has been shown by one of the most distinguished mathematicians of | WIKI |
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bsnes
The result was delete. Wizardman 19:27, 1 June 2008 (UTC)
Bsnes
* ( [ delete] ) – (View AfD) (View log)
Article does not present any citations for substantial coverage from reliable, independent sources, so does not pass WP:Notability guidelines. Previously prodded with the rationale "non-notable software"; removed with the comment "no reason given for deletion.", without addressing the concern. Marasmusine (talk) 07:54, 24 May 2008 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been added to the list of video game related deletions. Marasmusine (talk) 07:54, 24 May 2008 (UTC)
* It's the most accurate SNES emulator, and its development prompted further advancements in competing emulators. It's notable enough in the emulation world, and that alone is enough to keep the article. Define "reliable, independent source" for this matter, because as far as I know bsnes is covered in the major emulation sites, and acknowledged by the most prominent members of the community. --Lashiec (talk) 17:10, 25 May 2008 (UTC)
* "Reliable, independent source" is defined in the WP:Notability guideline. The subject requires substantial coverage from a source with a reputation for fact checking and editorial oversight; "independent" requires the source to be unaffiliated with the subject, ruling out advertising, fan-sites, press releases, etc. For software, a typical good source would be a review or interview from one of the major gaming websites or paper magazines. If you can provide some links to coverage in the major emulation sites you mentioned, that might be a good start. Marasmusine (talk) 20:39, 25 May 2008 (UTC)
* Delete - Marasmusine places the facts forth well. No coverage by independent sources; ergo, it should be deleted. Sephiroth BCR ( Converse ) 01:17, 26 May 2008 (UTC)
* Delete - Without coverage in reliable sources, the article is just acting like one of the hundred thousand emulation sites. If the list of them is deemed worthy of inclusion in the future, that'll be all it will require. TTN (talk) 12:52, 26 May 2008 (UTC)
* Delete - Wikipedia is about verifiability, not truth. I found no mention of Bsnes on Google Books (unlike, say, Zsnes or Snes9x). Kariteh (talk) 13:22, 26 May 2008 (UTC)
* Delete - fails the general notability guideline that requires coverage in reliable sources independent of the subject. This is pretty central wikipedia policy. Randomran (talk) 01:07, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
* Delete - Actually, I think this should be kept. But the current wikifag trend to build up karma and gain levels in the world's biggest text-based MMORPG is to go around to every article, ignore that Wikipedia is supposed to be the sum of human knowledge and say "This fails notability because I don't know anything about it." So, that said, "This fails notability. Get rid of it." Can I have my karma points now? anonymous (talk) 05:07, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
* Only if you think it's okay for a general encyclopedia to include an article about a ZX Spectrum game I once wrote whilst still in sixth form, a band I'm in that's been heard of by about a dozen people, or any particular website I could knock up in about 5 minutes. Marasmusine (talk) 10:19, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
* I would say that yes, that's fine -- so long as there is a lengthy disambiguation page to separate all 500 garage bands named "Baby Smasher" or whatever the in name of the week is. Regarding the Web site, that may be a bit too close to abusing Wikipedia for spam. (talk) 01:07, 28 May 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
* Comment - The media tends to ignore emulation for various reasons (possibly including fear of legal action or other reprisals from hardware and software publishers who wish emulation itself were illegal and not just the copyright violations some use it for), so there are no "reliable sources" mentioning bsnes as there are few mentioning emulation at all and fewer mentioning it in-depth enough to name actual emulators. The "major emulation sites" mentioned by Lashiec above would probably not be accepted as sources, and would certainly not be accepted by certain factions. I would be happy to be proved wrong on any of this. If I were in the mood to argue, I would !vote "Keep per WP:IAR" based on these facts and the fact that bsnes is a notable emulator, but I'm not and so I will just comment once. Anomie⚔ 12:02, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
* Keep - By way of WP:IAR. All delete votes point to the same issue: notability, while providing no other justification for deletion. I believe it is a mistake to weigh the entire article on this one issue alone, as well I believe there to be fundamental problems with this argument.
First, discussion of fourth-generation emulators in major publications primarily occured in the late 90's, when emulation was in its infancy, and long before bsnes was created. It is unlikely that one would find a recent gaming magazine covering even ZSNES at this point, as emulation is simply old-hat, and coverage that does occur would obviously focus on newer systems.
Second, with the commercialization of emulation by way of the Wii Virtual Console, coverage of retro-grade emulators could be seen as legally risky. For these two reasons, seeing any fourth-gen emulator covered in printed form is unlikely.
Third, this emulator is most certainly notable in the context of the emulation community. It has pioneered altogether new methods of emulation, started a movement toward enhanced accuracy in all emulators for all systems, was the first SNES emulator to reach a milestone 100% compatibility, and has a roughly on-par userbase to other emulators: ZSNES and Snes9x included.
Simply by researching the emulation community, it is evident that this is not at all similar to a band "that's been heard of by about a dozen people," rather this is software that's been heard of by hundreds of thousands of people.
One might also note the roughly 100 edits this article has received over the two and a half years it has existed here indicates that the community cares about this article, and finds the information to be valuable.
Fourth, I believe that deleting this article will only serve to harm the usefulness of Wikipedia. This specific emulator is referenced in the emulation section of the main SNES article on Wikipedia, and it serves to provide valuable contextual information for it which wouldn't be appropriate to include there.
I believe this article has its shortcomings, mostly related to the lack of printed material to reference, but that it has potential to be refined. I also believe that its notability will continue to grow with time, as it has all along. It is quite possible that reliable sources of information will exist at some point in the future.
At the very least, it is just as worthy as the other two-hundred plus emulator articles contained within Wikipedia, the vast majority of which also lack published reviews and are no more notable than this emulator. I see no reason to single this article out.
All that said, I urge you to consider keeping this article, WP:Notability aside. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:56, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
* Concerning your first and second points (as well as your last two sentences): Have you actually read the discussion before posting? I've already mentioned that Zsnes and Snes9x are both mentioned in publications; Google Books is your friend, too.
* Concerning your third point: I'm sorry but Wikipedia is about verifiability (in reliable sources), not truth. Please see also Original research; we can't just establish a subject's notability ourselves, we can only do so by using reliable sources and references which have already done the research.
* Concerning your fourth point: it's not really an argument. "Usefulness" is a term which is not recommended in deletion discussions since it doesn't mean anything precise. This discussion concerns the article primarily, but if notability can't be established for the subject, the sentences that mention it in other articles may be challenged and removed just like the article. Kariteh (talk) 17:39, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
* Yes, I have read the previous discussion; did you read my response? ZSNES and Snes9x would be covered as they existed in 1998 when console emulation was in its infancy: bsnes did not. My point is that the standards for notability are insufficient for this category. It's a subject with shady legal grounds that few publishers would have any need (or reason) to cover explicitly, especially with newer consoles garnering much of their attention. It's just as unlikely that ZSNES will be covered in future publications at this point. I'm not saying that's good enough for your notability standard as it stands ... I'm saying that it's a poor standard to apply to this article for the reasons I have listed.
* For the third point, with 50,000+ Google search results for bsnes, there's plenty of verifiability, you're simply too pedantic about your sources to accept something such as . I can't possibly imagine why a book publisher would perform a costly review of an SNES emulator at this point in time, as it is not a product for sale, it is not affiliated with a company, is legally risky, and provides no story that they haven't previously covered. Yet it is still very much notable in the place of emulation history. The notability rule is simply inefficient for this specific category, hence WP:IAR.
* The fourth is very much a valid argument, you simply disagree with it so you discredit it with no consideration. That you would encourage destroying relevant information in other articles just to rid yourself of this one, frankly, worries me greatly. Not all important history is recorded in books. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:22, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
* I am the owner of the domain which hosts the bsnes Web site. Each release of bsnes causes a miniature spike in our domain traffic with nearly 10,000 unique downloads of the Windows and Linux binaries. I have not factored in source code downloads. The emulator is also heavily mirrored by many more popular emulation sites. It may be safe to say that bsnes has, at minimum, a user base of 15,000 - 20,000 users by conservative estimates. I am willing to provide traffic totals from our logs should anyone like to contest these numbers. 17:22, 27 May 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
* Keep Merge - Notability is well established in the emulation field, acknowledged by Anomie who is clearly a subject matter expert as the lead developer of SNES9X. Numerous independent sources, while not as notable as the New York Times, are equally reliable to nearly all emulator entries on Wikipedia. Google Books results such as and do not demonstrate greater notability of ZSNES and SNES9X to any rational individual. Edit: changed vote, see below Ispirel (talk) 06:50, 28 May 2008 (UTC)
* An open wiki, someone's personal website and a forum entry do not qualify as WP:Reliable sources, and at present we're not discussing other articles. Marasmusine (talk) 08:40, 28 May 2008 (UTC)
* "wikis are excellent places to locate primary and secondary sources", "Weblog material written by well-known professional researchers writing within their field, or well-known professional journalists, may be acceptable", "In cases where self-published material has been published by a professional researcher or other expert in the field, a source published in one of these media may be considered reliable in some cases." These were but three examples. There is plenty of verifiable information regarding this emulator available at appropriate locations. You won't find detailed emulator analyses in the NY Post for reasons others have already covered above, so this qualifies as a special circumstance where slightly less reliable sources should at least be considered. Other stuff exists is a poor example, as this is essentially precedent setting and will affect hundreds of other articles on Wikipedia. This very well should be considered now. Ispirel (talk) 10:19, 28 May 2008 (UTC)
* Keep If you look around the emuscene, you will notice that this emulator brought something new: very accurate SNES emulation. So if you delete this, you also should delete every other SNES emulator article.--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:18, 29 May 2008 (UTC)
* Comment - I've done some additional research into this I thought I'd share.
1) A link discussing emulator related deletions on Wikipedia:.
2) Other emulator AfD discussions: ,,.
3) A response by myself to TTN a while back:
It would seem prudent to develop a site-wide consensus, rather than nominating random articles for deletion every other week. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:16, 29 May 2008 (UTC)
* I wouldn't oppose a merger of the emulation software that have not received extensive coverage in reliable sources (WP:N, etc) but otherwise have good sources for verifiability. Marasmusine (talk) 23:21, 29 May 2008 (UTC)
* Thanks for the links. After reading them, I concur with Marasmusine above. If we merge this article to a generalized list, such as List_of_SNES_emulators and Nintendo_DS_emulation, my concerns will be met. References can then anchor-link there instead. If bsnes gains more reliable sources, we can re-create this article later. Marasmusine and those voting delete, how would you feel about me either expanding List_of_SNES_emulators or creating a "SNES emulation" page with infoboxes and general descriptions for each emulator there? I feel that's an acceptable compromise. Ispirel (talk) 00:36, 30 May 2008 (UTC)
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Talk:Flathead Indian Reservation
"Flathead Tribe"?
Is there such a thing as a "Flathead Tribe"? If not, why is the reservation called "Flathead"? Badagnani (talk) 22:52, 30 January 2009 (UTC)
* Nowhere in the article does it say "Flathead Tribe". The fifth link is to Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation. Pfly (talk) 05:50, 31 January 2009 (UTC)
In fact, in more than one place the article refers to "the Flathead" as a group of people: "The Flathead would like to regain control of their reservation lands," e.g. The answer is that Lewis and Clark and other explorers called the Salish people the "Flathead" Indians possibly due to a misinterpreted hand sign for the tribe. The land became known as the Flathead Reservation after its creation in 1855 and the lake and an adjoining county bear these names as well. But no, there is no Flathead Tribe. Abaldwin59821 (talk) 15:48, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
Language
A few days ago i drove through this beautiful area from the Glacier Nat'l Park to Missoula and noticed that there are many road signs written in a Native American language, along with English. Examples - the "Welcome to the Reservation" sign, bridge names, some town names, etc.
It would be great if this article would say:
* What language is it.
* When did these signs appear.
* Whose initiative was it to put them up.
* Who did the translation work - actual speakers or researchers of Native American languages from some university.
* Is it a purely symbolic gesture or is there actually anyone who reads these languages and finds these signs useful.
Thanks! --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 08:03, 18 September 2010 (UTC)
* Don't you think that information, if so, would belong in the articles about the park and the language(s)? This article wouldn't include information about who decided to include English on the national park signs or why and what percentage of people can read English. Hyacinth (talk) 19:40, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
The signs aren't in the park. Amir is talking about the signage on the Flathead Reservation itself which is between Glacier NP and Missoula. The signs are in Kootenai heading south and in Salish heading north through the reservation. It would be appropriate for the respective Culture Committees to address this issue on this page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Abaldwin59821 (talk • contribs) 15:43, 7 March 2013 (UTC) Abaldwin59821 (talk) 15:48, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
Image: Map
It would be great if the image in this article where a map of the reservation, and/or a map showing its location in Montana, rather than one image of people from one group. Hyacinth (talk) 19:36, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
Perhaps http://nris.mt.gov/gis/gisdatalib/mtmaps.aspx or http://mt.gov/discover/statemap.asp may provide a map we could use. Hyacinth (talk) 19:48, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
* I found one on Commons and added it with the infobox I've added. Pumpkin Sky talk 13:31, 15 July 2011 (UTC)
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Flathead indian reservation
How is the land in the reservation. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:13, 16 January 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
AD 18
AD 18 (XVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Caesar (or, less frequently, year 771 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 18 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
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* A vexillatio (sub-unit or detachment) of Legio III Augusta is destroyed by an ambush in Africa.
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* Winter – Germanicus Caesar arrives in Syria, as new commander-in-chief for the Roman East.
* Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, governor of Syria, ignores the order of Germanicus to send Syrian-based legions, including Legio VI Ferrata and Legio X Fretensis, to Armenia to back him in his planned coronation of Artaxias III.
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* Germanicus concludes a peace treaty with Artabanus II of Parthia, in which he is recognized as king and friend of Rome.
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Births
* Julia Livilla, daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder (approximate date) (d. AD 41)
Deaths
* Crinagoras, Greek epigrammatist (b. 70 BC)
* Herod Archelaus, Jewish ruler (ethnarch) (b. 23 BC)
* Mother Lü, rebel leader against the Xin dynasty
* Publius Ovidius Naso, Roman poet (or AD 17)
* Yang Xiong, Chinese philosopher (b. 53 BC)
* Yuri, Korean ruler of Goguryeo | WIKI |
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Thomas Reidy
Thomas Reidy (born November 26, 1968) is an American former badminton player. He competed in two events at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He was the first ever American player to captured the World Grand Prix title by winning the 1995 Bulgarian Open in the men's doubles with Kevin Han. Reidy later became the high performance director of Badminton Ireland. | WIKI |
Anacron can be used to execute commands periodically, with a frequency specified in days.
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Talk:Elon Musk/GA1
GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''
Reviewer: Elliot321 (talk · contribs) 23:20, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
Initial comments
Was checking out your profile (after seeing your FA nom of Huey Long, ofc) and noticed you had nominated this for GA. I'll have a full review in the next few days. Initial impressions are good (except for the merge requests, though that looks like it'll be resolved soon and isn't an issue with the current article really). Elliot321 (talk | contribs) 23:20, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
* When do you expect to initiate the review proper? Thank you for volunteering. QRep2020 (talk) 19:09, 14 March 2021 (UTC)
List (initial impressions)
* GA review (see here for what the criteria are, and here for what they are not)
Note: this is not the full review, this is a summary after reading the article fully for the first time.
* 1) It is reasonably well written.
* a (prose, spelling, and grammar): b (MoS for lead, layout, word choice, fiction, and lists):
* Some minor grammar issues, will address later in the full review. Structure is OK. Generally an "in popular culture" section would be inappropriate, but in this case it's reasonable, so, yay!
* 1) It is factually accurate and verifiable.
* a (reference section): b (citations to reliable sources): c (OR): d (copyvio and plagiarism):
* All of this looks good from my first impressions.
* 1) It is broad in its coverage.
* a (major aspects): b (focused):
* Not seeing issues here.
* 1) It follows the neutral point of view policy.
* Fair representation without bias:
* Looks neutral enough, which is impressive given his numerous controversies.
* 1) It is stable.
* No edit wars, etc.:
* The merges into the page makes it appear unstable, I don't feel right passing this while those are unresolved. Also, the talkpage looks pretty contentious. Not instantly failing, but this is a concern.
* Yeah, the talk page has given me plenty of headaches... ~ HAL 333 20:11, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
* Looks like these were taken care of. Thanks, HAL! QRep2020 (talk) 16:48, 6 March 2021 (UTC)
* Unfortunately, history indicates that the Talk page will always be a contentious space. There are regular suggestions to include fanciful or even verifiably incorrect statements that need to be "nipped in the bud", not to mention the venerating remarks that appear powered by the fan fervor that pervades anything related to Musk. QRep2020 (talk) 16:54, 6 March 2021 (UTC)
* It's a Sisyphean task. ~ HAL 333 18:17, 6 March 2021 (UTC)
* 1) It is illustrated by images and other media, where possible and appropriate.
* a (images are tagged and non-free content have fair use rationales): b (appropriate use with suitable captions):
* File:Elon Musk Royal Society (crop1).jpg is good (free with OTRS); File:Elon Musk 2015.jpg is good (from Flickr, doesn't appear to be license laundering); File:PBHS-facade.jpg looks fine; File:SpaceX CEO Elon Musk visits N&NC and AFSPC (190416-F-ZZ999-006) (cropped).jpg is clearly public domain and says so at the source; File:Elon Musk, Tesla Factory, Fremont (CA, USA)<PHONE_NUMBER>).jpg is good (Flickr, not license laundering); File:Pair of 2009 SolarCity Dodge Sprinters.JPG is ok (has a weird license note but whatever); File:Elon Musk and the Neuralink Future.jpg is good (Flickr, not license laundering); File:Elon Musk Accelerates the Boring<PHONE_NUMBER>4).jpg is good (Flickr, not license laundering); File:4547274 Thai rescue workers positioning a pipe for the pumping operation in the Tham Luang cave.jpg is good (source identifies file as work of US govt employee); File:Vice President Pence at the Kennedy Space Center<PHONE_NUMBER>1).jpg is good (posted by US govt to Flickr); and File:CRS-9<PHONE_NUMBER>6).jpg is fine though its use is iffy.
* All the files have appropriate licenses, though I strongly question the use of File:CRS-9<PHONE_NUMBER>6).jpg as a stand-in for Musk's profile picture for a Tweet. A cropped version, either of this or of his face, would be preferable (I mean, his avatar when tweeting would be ideal, but that might not be properly licensed, and wouldn't be appropriate NFCC).
* Done. ~ HAL 333 20:11, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
* 1) Overall:
* Pass/Fail:
* Overall this article is in decent shape and has a lot going for it. I'll give the full review over the coming few days though you may want to fix up some minor things and try to resolve the merges and disputes you have with editors on the talkpage - the article should be relatively stable to pass as a GA. I could wait for you to resolve those issues, if necessary, to continue reviewing. Elliot321 (talk | contribs) 07:29, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
* , I was able to wrap up the merge discussions. ~ HAL 333 17:42, 7 March 2021 (UTC)
* thanks, I'll continue with the full review (your ping failed as my username changed and I forgot to check back here until now - sorry!) Elli (talk | contribs) 16:42, 17 March 2021 (UTC)
* No worries! =) ~ HAL 333 18:07, 17 March 2021 (UTC)
* I will volunteer in fixing grammatical issues. Wretchskull (talk) 16:10, 9 March 2021 (UTC)
Childhood and family
* Footnote 17 (bundling other footnotes) is a weird citation style and so is having three refs on the statement (is "Musk has a younger brother, Kimbal (born 1972), and a younger sister, Tosca (born 1974)." really that controversial?)
* ✅ Removed. QRep2020 (talk) 00:49, 18 March 2021 (UTC)
* I don't see a source connecting Joshua Haldeman to Musk, though it looks like some exist in Maye Musk.
* Done. Wretchskull (talk) 11:49, 7 April 2021 (UTC)
* Source claims "Elon mostly lived with his father, who says he owned thoroughbred horses, a yacht, several houses and a Cessna. One of their homes was in Waterkloof, a leafy suburb of Pretoria that was popular with foreign diplomats." - which is not the same as "Musk lived mostly with his father in the suburbs of Pretoria" imo - several homes, and only one specified to be in the Pretoria suburbs.
* ✅ Fixed. QRep2020 (talk) 00:49, 18 March 2021 (UTC)
* Ref 21 (Rolling Stone) is unnecessarily repeated.
* ✅ Removed. QRep2020 (talk) 00:49, 18 March 2021 (UTC)
Education
* Everything looks good here (AGF on the offline source).
I'll get to the next section tomorrow. So far no major issues. Elli (talk | contribs) 16:51, 17 March 2021 (UTC)
Business career
(evidently, I'm bad at timeliness, sorry) Elli (talk | contribs) 02:39, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
* No worries. Sometimes I'll forget to give follow-up comments at featured lists for months... ~ HAL 333 02:57, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
Zip2
* Everything here is OK, but confuses me. Wasn't he a founder? The organization of this company is unclear.
* ✅ Clarified. Musk was a founder but never CEO. QRep2020 (talk) 06:39, 25 March 2021 (UTC)
X.com and PayPal
* Perhaps Bill Harris should be a redlink?
* Done. ~ HAL 333 02:49, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
* Does really need to be in a separate footnote? would seem to work.
* I feel like that interrupts the flow. ~ HAL 333 02:50, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
* Everything else is OK.
SpaceX
First paragraph
* Mars Oasis just redirects to, so I'm not sure how useful of a link that is in this case.
* Done. ~ HAL 333 02:51, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
* "Elon Musk's Space Dream Almost Killed Tesla" doesn't mention that they're Dnepr missiles.
* Removed. ~ HAL 333 21:50, 23 March 2021 (UTC)
* Also, the ref is unnecessarily duplicated with no intermediate refs.
* Done. ~ HAL 333 21:50, 23 March 2021 (UTC)
* Is a primary source really necessary? The NYT source looks sufficient.
* Done. ~ HAL 333 21:49, 23 March 2021 (UTC)
Second paragraph
* The hashtag in "#dearMoon project" is probably unnecessary.
* Done. ~ HAL 333 02:53, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
* "Two years later, SpaceX launched its first manned flight" I would just say "in 2020"
* Done. ~ HAL 333 02:53, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
Third paragraph
* I don't see a source for development starting in 2015, from skimming the NYT and Space.com refs.
* Reuters source added. ~ HAL 333 17:53, 28 March 2021 (UTC)
* seems ambiguous, maybe phrase it like (that's not a great phrasing, but I think you get my point - I initially assumed that SpaceX had to pay subsidies, not that they received them.
* Tried but it seemed awkward. Made note instead. ~ HAL 333 17:53, 28 March 2021 (UTC)
Tesla
First paragraph
* Is the self-published source "The Secret Tesla Motors Master Plan (just between you and me)" necessary? There are numerous other refs on the same claim.
* Done. ~ HAL 333 21:51, 24 March 2021 (UTC)
* Perhaps Roadster should be linked to a relevant article?
* Done. ~ HAL 333 21:51, 24 March 2021 (UTC)
* Quirky: The Remarkable Story of the Traits, Foibles, and Genius of Breakthrough Innovators Who Changed the World has an article (Quirky (book)) and should probably cite an individual page.
* No apparent ref for.
* Done. Updated and added citation. QRep2020 (talk) 21:08, 3 April 2021 (UTC)
Second paragraph
* Perhaps try to update the "as of 2019", though I can understand if that wouldn't be possible.
* Not sure if CleanTechnica is a reliable source, and it has a tag - possibly ask at WP:RSP? Of course, finding a better source would work too.
* Someone replaced it with Car and Driver, though I am not too certain if it is reliable or not. Wretchskull (talk) 20:18, 30 March 2021 (UTC)
* No ref for.
* Done. Wretchskull (talk) 11:35, 31 March 2021 (UTC)
SEC lawsuit
* Maybe "at a price of $420 a share, an alleged reference to marijuana" should be in a footnote? Feels more footnote-worthy (and ref 114 currently looks really awkward).
* Totally agree. ~ HAL 333 02:55, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
SolarCity
* The first CNET ref is a deadlink and should be marked as such.
* Done. ~ HAL 333 17:46, 28 March 2021 (UTC)
* Is the self-published SolarCity ref needed?
* Done. ~ HAL 333 17:46, 28 March 2021 (UTC)
* Same thing with CleanTechnica as above.
* Done. ~ HAL 333 17:46, 28 March 2021 (UTC)
* Did Panasonic stop working with SolarCity, or did the factory close altogether? This is unclear.
* Done. Panasonic pulled its workers. 21:38, 3 April 2021 (UTC)
* Is Musk still dealing with this lawsuit?
* Yes. COVID-19 has delayed a lot of the suits that I've been paying attention to over the last few years. ~ HAL 333 02:54, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
Neuralink
* is pretty much directly copied from the Verge ref.
* Fixed. What do you think now? Wretchskull (talk) 13:38, 26 March 2021 (UTC)
* no longer looks like a copyvio but the phrasing feels a bit clunky. Elli (talk | contribs) 22:36, 26 March 2021 (UTC)
* Reworded it and broke it down from 2 to 3 sentences. What do you think now? Rewording something about a narrow subject is rather difficult so tell me if you are still unsatisfied. Wretchskull (talk) 12:37, 29 March 2021 (UTC)
* looks ok. Elli (talk | contribs) 20:46, 29 March 2021 (UTC)
The Boring Company
* "Elon Musk: 'Without tunnels, we will all be in traffic hell forever'" is a bad ref for - from the article: "No word on if “The Boring Company” is a real thing (or part of SpaceX of Tesla) or not".
* Done. Added new citation. QRep2020 (talk) 21:47, 3 April 2021 (UTC)
* The Guardian and Bloomberg refs on "In early 2017, they began discussions with regulatory bodies and initiated construction of a 30-foot (9.1 m) wide, 50-foot (15 m) long, and 15-foot (4.6 m) deep "test trench" on the premises of SpaceX's offices as it required no permits" seem unnecessary.
* Done. ~ HAL 333 17:44, 28 March 2021 (UTC)
* Link "flamethrower"? Also, why is it in quotes? These are real things.
* Linked. ~ HAL 333 17:44, 28 March 2021 (UTC)
* In the usual "jocularity" that pervades much of what Musk is involved with, the product is actually named Not-A-Flamethrower: https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/10/17445838/boring-company-flamethrower-elon-musk-tweets-party QRep2020 (talk) 06:39, 25 March 2021 (UTC)
* that doesn't mean it isn't a flamethrower, though. Elli (talk | contribs) 08:23, 25 March 2021 (UTC)
* Totally agree. Will remove quotation marks. QRep2020 (talk) 16:31, 25 March 2021 (UTC)
* No need for the SPS on this statement.
(ping) I've done more of the review. Elli (talk | contribs) 02:39, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
* I think we've covered this round now? QRep2020 (talk) 21:47, 3 April 2021 (UTC)
* yeah, I'll continue with the next sections soon (feel free to ping me btw, easier than remembering to check back here and my watchlist is kinda messy). Elli (talk | contribs) 12:05, 4 April 2021 (UTC)
Hyperloop
* ? This whole sentence is clunky.
* Done. ~ HAL 333 21:56, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
* - should there be a comma here? (this has an ambiguous meaning without one, and I feel like the one intended - discussing the concept in the previous sentence - requires one)
* That is correct; done. Wretchskull (talk) 17:36, 12 April 2021 (UTC)
* The ABC news ref on doesn't back up the content, and the other two are primary sources - this isn't ideal (though if another ref can't be found, removing the ABC one work)
* I replaced it with a secondary journal. I have one problem though: page one in the source, chapter "II. Hyperloop", only partially supports the article text. The rest of the source stating that it was included in Musk's blog is only shown in the corresponding reference that the source text supports the statement with (reference [4] in the source). Should page 1 and the references-page be included in the article ref or should a chapter syntax be used in the ref? I've tried the latter but it doesn't work because of an error I can't seem to fix. Wretchskull (talk) 18:04, 12 April 2021 (UTC)
* this looks fine, though it only supports it being published to the Tesla blog - not SpaceX. I'd just remove "and SpaceX" and be done with it. Elli (talk | contribs) 18:22, 12 April 2021 (UTC)
* I'd love to do that, but the problem is that I see SpaceX get mentioned many times in many reliable sources. However, these never tell anything in-depth about the competition and mostly mention winners. I'll see what I can do tomorrow. Wretchskull (talk) 19:19, 12 April 2021 (UTC)
* the primary source [156] isn't needed here. The ref in the middle of the sentence includes the $6 billion cost
* Done. Wretchskull (talk) 18:10, 12 April 2021 (UTC)
* the source says that "supporters claim" this, not that it's necessarily true. It's probably due weight to mention it, but it doesn't look like zdnet did an independent analysis.
* no reference for this sentence (the one in the next sentence doesn't verify it)
OpenAI
* Everything here looks fine.
Tham Luang cave rescue and defamation case
* Impressively, everything here looks fine. also lmfao I didn't realize what a mess that was
* The whole fiasco deserves its own subarticle, but a consensus decided to merge. Oh well. ~ HAL 333 21:58, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
* Sigh, it should have its own article! Elli (talk | contribs) 02:50, 9 April 2021 (UTC)
2018 Joe Rogan podcast appearance
* No reference for the quote.
* Removed. He is already quoted defending himself later. ~ HAL 333 21:13, 9 April 2021 (UTC)
* Link 60 Minutes?
* Done. ~ HAL 333 21:13, 9 April 2021 (UTC)
Music ventures
* Primary source on is unnecessary.
* Done. ~ HAL 333 21:57, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
* Include some details about Harambe? The sources linked mention the incident, so the article should too - and link to Killing of Harambe, of course.
* Done. QRep2020 (talk) 15:56, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
* this ref is kinda redundant, but not really a big deal.
Donations and non-profits
* Link Big Green (non-profit company)?
* Done. ~ HAL 333 21:57, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
* no reference on this.
* Done. Added reference. QRep2020 (talk) 15:44, 10 April 2021 (UTC)
here's some more to work on. Elli (talk | contribs) 20:12, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
* , I think we are up to date now. QRep2020 (talk) 15:57, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
* gotcha, I'll continue today/tomorrow (looking good so far!) Elli (talk | contribs) 17:59, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
* a kindly reminder. QRep2020 (talk) 12:48, 30 April 2021 (UTC)
* thanks. Elli (talk | contribs) 12:55, 30 April 2021 (UTC)
Wealth
* Image looks to be appropriately licensed - perhaps the graph extension could be used instead, but it's fine.
* First paragraph is fine, both sources look OK.
* I don't see how is verified - the source writes but I don't see more specificity there.
* The rest of the second paragraph is appropriately sourced.
* is grammatically incorrect ("receive" should be "receives")
* uh, what? Why were they sued? I'd write another sentence or two about this somewhere.
* Removed instead. It didn't really add much. ~ HAL 333 02:37, 3 May 2021 (UTC)
* Perhaps link "cash poor" to cash poor?
* this is kinda redundant to the above paragraph - and we don't need these three refs. The bloomberg ref on the previous sentence verifies this.
* The rest of this looks fine.
* Addressed the rest. ~ HAL 333 02:37, 3 May 2021 (UTC)
Sorry for how long it's been taking me with this review (I'm in the middle of finals, but that's no excuse for how slow I've been) Elli (talk | contribs) 13:05, 30 April 2021 (UTC)
* No worries. I'm in a busy stretch irl as well and have taken my time on this nominatin as well (evidenced by Wretchskull and QRep2020's much appreciated stepping in). On a side note, I wonder if we're a in the running for the longest open GA review... ~ HAL 333 02:37, 3 May 2021 (UTC)
* perhaps! Not sure how that would reflect on me, though... Elli (talk | contribs) 03:48, 3 May 2021 (UTC)
Views
* Overall this does seem like a good summary of the article Views of Elon Musk.
* This section has been the most controversial by far, hence the larger number of references, given that, can most of them remain? ~ HAL 333 14:11, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
Politics
* this is fine, though the second ref seems unnecessary
* Removed. ~ HAL 333 14:14, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* seems a bit synth/overreferency.
* the second ref is just his Twitter and unnecessary. Though, I can't easily verify this from the BBC link, that page is incredibly long. Perhaps try finding a better source for this?
* Addressed this one and the previous one about Trump relation. QRep2020 (talk) 06:06, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* more overreferencing - trim this down to two refs at most.
* This has been pretty controversial over on the talk page and multiple references were added to show that it was due. In that case, can they remain? ~ HAL 333 14:07, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* I think it might make sense to do bundling here, if it's absolutely necessary to have this many references. However, I do think that GA noms are a good time to trim reference-cruft that comes up in situations like this. Do what you like, but the current situation feels excessive. Elli (talk | contribs) 09:38, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* only the first ref seems to actually discuss this.
* Done. ~ HAL 333 14:10, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* this isn't an issue, but I'd consider mentioning why he's actually against it - in that it hurts him as a business owner (pretty sure I've seen this info in RS).
* He is against the practice because short-selling, say Tesla, amounts to an effort to profit from his companies' loss of market value as exemplified by their stock prices. Towards this end, short-sellers often organize and publish "oppo research" and "dirt" about the companies that they believe to be currently overvalued or straight up fraudulent; there is a large short-seller contingency in TSLAQ for instance that is constantly publicizing their findings and pet theories. Naturally, he does not like any of this.
* With that said, I'm not sure how to get across all of that tersely and with sources. QRep2020 (talk) 05:28, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* Yeah, I do feel like it's important context, though. Elli (talk | contribs) 09:39, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* Ok, I tried my best! QRep2020 (talk) 04:15, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
COVID-19
* no need for five refs here.
* or four here - trim these
* more overreferencing
* Addressed the three of these. QRep2020 (talk) 06:08, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
* Also, is there any secondary source that could be cited for the included Tweet, instead of the Tweet itself?
* The Tweet template usually includes a link to the actual Tweet. As long as it is sourced by secondsry RS in body, it's fine imo. ~ HAL 333 14:09, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
* Fair enough. Elli (talk | contribs) 09:37, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
Artificial intelligence and public transit
* Why are AI and public transit in the same section? If this is just "miscellany", why not just put it at the top of the "Views" section isntead of its own subsection?
* I think this is because Musk has projects/companies based on "solving problems" he sees in AI and mass transit and so they speak to important acts of his and so are serve more than incidental views of his. QRep2020 (talk) 09:23, 25 May 2021 (UTC)
* - I'd extend the link to cover all the text of "potential dangers of artificial intelligence" instead of just "potential dangers"
* overreferencing
* Addressed these latter two. QRep2020 (talk) 09:23, 25 May 2021 (UTC)
here's some more, when you're ready. Elli (talk | contribs) 08:36, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
Personal life
Overall, not many issues here though some minor areas for improvement.
* all of this is fine content-wise, though refs should probably be trimmed
* Done. ~ HAL 333 17:07, 2 June 2021 (UTC)
* same here, even for a controversial statement, four refs is a bit much.
* ✅ ~ HAL 333 18:01, 27 May 2021 (UTC)
* LOL on the baby name (this section is fine)
* maybe mention why he decided to move to Texas?
* Done. ~ HAL 333 17:12, 2 June 2021 (UTC)
* You have a knack for asking the controversy-laden questions! ;) I'll see what I can find in some source material. QRep2020 (talk) 09:08, 25 May 2021 (UTC)
* I have not found anything that I believe will work to explain his reasoning here and I do not want to hold up the GAN further. Maybe we can table this point for now? QRep2020 (talk) 07:48, 2 June 2021 (UTC)
In popular culture
Actually a decent IPC section! Though Elon Musk in popular culture could use some help, that's out of scope here.
* I'd mention him hosting SNL, that was kinda a big deal.
* ✅ ~ HAL 333 18:05, 27 May 2021 (UTC)
Recognition
Again, List of awards and honors received by Elon Musk could use some improvement though that's not in scope to this review. This section seems to do well at only mentioning the most relevant awards, so I don't see any issues either.
Notes and references
No issues here, well within the bounds of acceptable citevar. A few CS1 errors, might wanna fix those.
List (after review and improvements)
* GA review (see here for what the criteria are, and here for what they are not)
passing the article. Nice job! Elli (talk | contribs) 17:25, 4 June 2021 (UTC)
* 1) It is reasonably well written.
* a (prose, spelling, and grammar): b (MoS for lead, layout, word choice, fiction, and lists):
* As mentioned below, uses leadcite - the lead accurately summarizes the important parts of the body. All other criteria are fine too.
* 1) It is factually accurate and verifiable.
* a (reference section): b (citations to reliable sources): c (OR): d (copyvio and plagiarism):
* After extensive review, the sourcing situation has improved to be sufficient for a GA (assuming good faith for the offline sources cited). Leadcite is applied appropriately. As for copyvio - earwig's findings look initially disturbing, but only because there are a significant number of websites that have mirrored this article. When looking at reliable sources, the only things that look suspicious are quotes - which, well, copying those is kinda the point.
* 1) It is broad in its coverage.
* a (major aspects): b (focused):
* Sections that could be overly detailed are instead split into subarticles as summary style dictates.
* 1) It follows the neutral point of view policy.
* Fair representation without bias:
* Somewhat impressive, given the article, but it certainly seems neutral.
* 1) It is stable.
* No edit wars, etc.:
* Seems to have stabilized.
* 1) It is illustrated by images and other media, where possible and appropriate.
* a (images are tagged and non-free content have fair use rationales): b (appropriate use with suitable captions):
* 1) Overall:
* Pass/Fail:
* Nice job on getting this to GA - thanks for hanging in with me for the long time it took to review this (hopefully future reviews will not be so lengthy).
* Nice job on getting this to GA - thanks for hanging in with me for the long time it took to review this (hopefully future reviews will not be so lengthy). | WIKI |
Cramer: Mnuchin speaks sophisticated language than most on Wall Street
Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin's long-standing history on Wall Street is a major asset for the U.S. government, CNBC's Jim Cramer said on Thursday. "This is a Treasury secretary who is not only uniquely from Wall Street, but he speaks a language that is more sophisticated than most Wall Streeters ... That's new to have someone that savvy," Cramer said on "Squawk on the Street. " "[Mnuchin's team is] going to bring what is going to be the cheapest piece of paper they can for the government," he said, discussing the tax plan. Mnuchin, 54, is a former Goldman Sachs partner and former CEO of OneWest Bank. In an exclusive interview on "Squawk Box" Thursday, Mnuchin said he wants to see "very significant" tax reform passed before Congress' August recess. "We want to get this done by the August recess. We've been working closely with the leadership in the House and the Senate and we're looking at a combined plan," he said. —CNBC's Jacob Pramuk contributed to this report. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Delta Upsilon Chapter House
Delta Upsilon Chapter House is a historic building located in Ames, Iowa, United States. It is considered one of the more imposing architectural examples among fraternity chapter houses at Iowa State University.
It was designed by Des Moines architect Alexander M. Linn, who joined Delta Upsilon at what was then called Iowa State College. The fraternity's chapter house was on Hyland Avenue at that time. Completed in 1930, the 2½-story, French Renaissance-style building features brick and half-timbering wall surfaces, and a complex roof system that includes steep pitches and polychrome slate.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Benjamin Penny
The result was withdrawing nomination, consensus seems for keep. LibStar (talk) 01:28, 3 February 2015 (UTC)
Benjamin Penny
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
I don't see him meeting any criterion of WP:NACADEMICS. Being a "Harry white fellow" does not meet criterion 3. LibStar (talk) 15:34, 25 January 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 21:05, 25 January 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Religion-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 21:05, 25 January 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Academics and educators-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 21:05, 25 January 2015 (UTC)
* Keep Notable based on publications alone. Those publications are used as references *Keepregularly in Wikipedia articles. Harold White fellowships are awarded by the National Library of Australia. Castlemate (talk) 01:19, 26 January 2015 (UTC)
* Keep* In WP:NACADEMICS If he meets this criteria "2. The person has received a highly prestigious academic award or honor at a national or international level." he is notable. So if a Harold White Fellowship is highly prestigious he is notable. university of toronto libaries states a review of The religion of Falun Gong by (Prof) L. L. Lam-Easton California State University, Appeared in Choice on 2012-09-01. Choice is The Australian Consumers Association's magazine. university of chicago states Choice Magazine: CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title Awards Won. It has a review by Prof T. H. Barrett, University of London of The religion of Falun Gong. His name appears 27 times in the Falun Gong article (has had 8,500 edits). If you are a significant writer about Falun Gong I think that you should be mentioned in that article and if you aren't hopefully you don't get mentioned.Aaabbb11 (talk) 23:49, 2 February 2015 (UTC)
Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
* Weak keep The subject may be notable for his scholarship relating to falun gong, but the article entirely lacks third-party sources (all are from the university he works at with the exception of a very short blurb from the Nat'l Lib. Australia). Some better references need to be found, and I suspect that they will only be found in Australian publications, which I don't have access to. Mark as "references needed". LaMona (talk) 10:50, 28 January 2015 (UTC)
* Simon Scott Plummer reviews THE RELIGION OF FALUN GONG in The Times Literary Supplement (16 November 2012). duffbeerforme (talk) 11:44, 28 January 2015 (UTC)
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Daniel (talk) 12:42, 2 February 2015 (UTC)
This discussion has become confused due to mistakes in editing. Comments have been placed incorrectly in the middle of other existing comments and all sense has been lost. I hope whoever is responsible can repair the damage. Thanks Castlemate (talk) 23:13, 2 February 2015 (UTC)
| WIKI |
sbs
A Simple Blogging System.
git clone https://git.sr.ht/~jbauer/sbs
Log | Files | Refs | README | LICENSE
commit 912365a1aba202f6fc6ad1d11c7bc18cbb5de772
parent 36fa487109e51fca77ea1fad2864a73ef5c47c9a
Author: Jake Bauer <jbauer@paritybit.ca>
Date: Mon, 14 Feb 2022 23:13:48 -0500
Fix error where mkdir would fail to make new site
The -p argument to mkdir was removed so sbs wouldn't overwrite an
existing site, however, it was then missing a statement to create the
directory for the site since previously -p would handle that.
Diffstat:
Msbs | 2+-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/sbs b/sbs @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ if [ "$1" = "new" ]; then printf "**Author:** [%%author] | **Published:** [%%date]\n\n" >> "content/$3" printf "Created: content/%s" "$3" elif [ "$2" = "site" ]; then - mkdir "$3/content/" "$3/static/" "$3/templates/" + mkdir "$3" "$3/content/" "$3/static/" "$3/templates/" touch "$3/static/style.css" # Create template config.ini file printf "siteURL = https://example.com\n" > "$3/config.ini" | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Solved
Hard disk dying ?
i just built myself a new pc but i reused my old seagate 320gb hdd from my previous 4yr old pc..
the thing is my hdd makes a lot of high pitched clicking noises at random intervals .. it used to do that in my old pc as well but since i ran out of budget i kept my old hdd.. this problem is since past year
sometimes the clicking is very frequent like every 30 seconds or while sometimes less often..
the clicking sound is quite loud to be clearly audible. am sure its my hdd..
i want to know what exactly is happening to my hdd and if it is dying ..in that case what must i do ..how do i backup my data before my hdd fails.. and do i really need to get a new hdd coz i spent all my money on my new build ..thanks
8 answers Last reply Best Answer
More about hard disk dying
1. Best answer
There is a good chance that the drive itself is going to fail. I had a similar issue with some older WD Caviar HDD's. These things would squeal and click as if the platters themselves were alive and wanted out. Though they tested fine, eventually they failed and failed hard.
It's a difficult decision to make however you need to ask yourself:
1. If the drive fails tomorrow, can you afford to be without a desktop?
2. Can you deal with the loss of your data?
If you answer YES to both, then leave the system as is until the failure and deal with it then however I would recommend backing up your data at least to USB drives as they are cheap. Canadacomputers.com has ADATA 16GB USB drives for 9.97 or Staples has a 32GB USB drive for 15.99.
As to how to backup your data, you need a plan of what needs to be backed up and how often. Usually the Windows Backup utility is simple and good if not without its flaws or there are numerous free backup utilities that can be used.
I use FreeFileSync for backing up files as well as others.
Hope this helps and good luck.
2. i have 80 GB maxtor with alot of noise...tek ... tak ... tok ..
seems that it has damaged blocks ... and its repaired with HDD regenerator ... the high noise gone ... still the noise when its start and shut down .... but i totally dont count on it any more ..for saveing important data ...still work and doing fine since half a year ...
try to check it with test with HDD tune
http://www.hdtune.com/download.html
3. Best answer selected by mohit9206.
4. the data in my hdd is not that important ..mostly games and movies that i can always re install on a new hdd .. the cost of hdd is quite a lot these days so maybe i will keep my hdd until it fails..i will backup the data i see as important since i have a 16 gb usb flash drive.. thanks for the help
5. Just a quick note, I see a lot of USB drives getting corrupted. If you keep a back up on there, do not use it as a portable drive. Keep it unused. I personally wouldn't use a USB, but I have a lot of spare HDD's lying around unused.
6. mohit9206 said:
the data in my hdd is not that important ..mostly games and movies that i can always re install on a new hdd .. the cost of hdd is quite a lot these days so maybe i will keep my hdd until it fails..i will backup the data i see as important since i have a 16 gb usb flash drive.. thanks for the help
keeping the hard suffer from bad sectors ( if there is ) make him die faster ... that noise often come when hard has problems and errors reading from bad sectors and damaged blocks ...
7. mar4all said:
keeping the hard suffer from bad sectors ( if there is ) make him die faster ... that noise often come when hard has problems and errors reading from bad sectors and damaged blocks ...
so how do i repair the bad sectors and damaged blocks ?
8. I understand what you mean here. The sound may be caused by power supply. Have you seen the max power supply of your computer if it is the same with the power supply you change. But try to reduce the power so that the sound will reduce or change the power light and see what will happen. If you still notice that, then check the link blow I hope you will find the solution there thank http://www.techyv.com/questions/my-hardrive-very-noisy
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Hard Drives Seagate Storage | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
European settlement of the countryside took place over a long period of time – from before the start of large-scale immigration in 1840 until well into the 20th century.
From early on it was clear that farming would be central to New Zealand’s economy, and the development of the frozen meat and dairy export industries from the 1880s confirmed this. Extending services to rural areas became critical for a number of reasons.
Transport routes were essential for settling remote areas. They made it possible to bring in machinery, building materials and other supplies to develop farms. When roads and railways were built they attracted more settlers to an area.
H. C. D. Somerset explained how life in a Canterbury rural community was easier by the 1930s. ‘The first settlers … were a long day’s journey by bullock wagon from the capital of the province. Horse-drawn vehicles across the scrublands made the journey only slightly less …The coming of the railways and the telephone brought the Great Society nearer. To-day the city capital can be reached by motor bus in two hours and the radio has brought the once isolated settlement into continuous touch with the world.’ 1
Road and rail links were needed to take farm produce to factories or abattoirs for processing, and to markets. They also increased the value of nearby land. The demand for more or better roads and railways often came from farmers, but was echoed by other locals, who would benefit from the prosperity of an area.
Post and telephone helped rural people stay in touch with other parts of New Zealand and the world. Newspapers, books, radio and television allowed them to keep up with current events and ideas, and overcome the barrier of distance.
The isolation of farm life could be difficult in times of trouble or sickness. Local community support, and a range of health and welfare services, helped farming families in need.
From 1901 the New Zealand Farmers’ Union lobbied for better services for country people. One of the union’s first objectives was ‘to encourage the formation and improvement of the means of communication’. 2 The Women’s Division of the Farmers’ Union focused on improving medical and welfare services. Their primary aim was ‘to better the conditions of women and children living on the land, and to improve the conditions of rural life generally’. 3
In the 2000s, the successors of these organisations, Federated Farmers of New Zealand and Rural Women New Zealand, continue to argue for improved rural services.
From the 1840s roads were needed to connect townships, provide access to ports, and settle inland areas. Early dirt roads became very muddy after heavy rain but could be used by packhorses or by bullock teams pulling sleds. Horse-drawn wheeled transport – two-wheeled drays, carts, and later coaches and buggies – required roads with a hard (gravelled or shingled) surface.
Cash-strapped settlers put pressure on regional and central government to pay for roads. In 1858–59 roads absorbed 58% of the Hawke’s Bay Provincial Council’s budget, and a third of the Otago Provincial Council’s funds. Often, however, governments did not have enough money to meet roading demands.
In many country areas, road boards took on the responsibility. Elected board members collected rates from landowners in the area to fund roads. Road boards were the earliest type of local government. By 1875 there were 314, but after 1876 many were replaced by county councils. Meanwhile, central government maintained some major roads.
Under the Land Act 1885, people buying Crown land had to pay one-third of the purchase price to the local authority for roading. From 1896, those leasing Crown land had to pay one-third of their rental (or one-quarter for small grazing runs) towards roads.
New Zealand’s mountainous, swampy and forested landscape made road-building hard work. Before motorised graders, roads were formed using picks and shovels. Some farmers supplemented their income by building roads.
At first, people used fords and ferries to cross rivers. Bridges were safer, but the North Island’s steep gorges and the South Island’s wide riverbeds made them difficult to build. Earthquake risk and different types of foundation rock had to be considered. Many wooden and iron bridges were built from the 1870s as part of a public works programme initiated by Premier Julius Vogel. From the 1960s pre-stressed concrete bridges that could carry heavier loads replaced many of these early structures.
Money for road and bridge maintenance was sometimes raised by collecting tolls. This was unpopular, and toll booths and gates were occasionally vandalised. In Taranaki in the late 19th century, settlers ripped the toll gates off the Kāpuni bridge and threw them into the ravine below.
From around 1900 horse-drawn vehicles were gradually replaced by cars and trucks, which were numerous by the 1920s. Many existing roads could not withstand the wear of motor traffic, which needed hard, preferably sealed, surfaces. From 1922 the state defined and maintained major highways. Local authorities continued to look after rural roads, with subsidies from a national fund.
Motor cars were popular with farmers for both business and pleasure. By the late 1920s, some rural areas had a much higher rate of car ownership than towns. From that decade, school and public bus services also gave rural people more transport options.
The car had a profound effect on rural society. It gave country people access to amenities like shops and picture theatres, previously available only to town dwellers. Some businesses became centralised in larger towns.
In the 1990s, George Gillingham described a spectacular journey by rail and road ‘over the hill’ between the West Coast and Canterbury when he was a child. Before the early 1920s, a horse-drawn coach transported passengers between Ōtira and Arthur’s Pass. The route was very steep, with some sheer drops beside the road: ‘How those outside horses really pushed on to the inside horses to get away from the edge of the hill I will never forget.’ 1
From the 1920s trucks were used to collect milk and cream cans from farms and deliver them to dairy factories. They also carried farming supplies and produce further afield. Until then, most long-distance freight was carried by New Zealand Railways, which charged low rates for farming equipment, stock and produce, subsidised by high rates for general goods and imports. Road freight companies could now compete by undercutting prices and providing a door-to-door service.
In 1931 the Transport Licensing Act strictly regulated road freighting, and a 30-mile (48-kilometre) limit was imposed on road freight in 1936. However, this did not apply to privately owned trucks, and many farmers transported goods in their own vehicles until the mid-1950s. Gradually restrictions on road carriers were lifted, and the industry flourished from the 1970s.
In the early 2000s there were road user charges for diesel vehicles and all vehicles over 3.5 tonnes – mostly freight trucks. This income went into the National Land Transport Fund and was allocated to the New Zealand Transport Authority (the national roading authority, formerly Transit New Zealand), and local authorities. Most funding was spent on heavily used urban roads and state highways; in country areas road maintenance was largely covered by local rates. Charges on road freight companies and allocation of road funding remain hot issues for rural people.
From the early 1860s, railways promised a quick, cost-effective way of transporting people and goods. They could carry large quantities of produce, and take perishable goods such as fruit to distant markets.
In 1875 people living south of the Rangitīkei River asked the superintendent of Wellington province to fund a railway between Sanson and Palmerston North. They pointed out that a railway would ‘open up to the Manawatū & Rangitikei farmers a reliable market for their produce which would give such an impetus to agricultural pursuits as would soon render this one of the most productive settlements in New Zealand’. 1
In the 1870s, more railways were built by the government as part of a major public works programme. They helped more people move into the backblocks. The first railway lines connected Christchurch with its farming hinterland. By 1880 they had spread throughout Canterbury and Otago. In the North Island they extended through Waikato, Taranaki, Whanganui, Manawatū, Hawke’s Bay and Wairarapa, linking farming regions with their nearest port.
By the 1890s connections had been made between some regional lines, and the North Island main trunk line was being built. Completed in 1908, it opened up the King Country and other inland regions to Pākehā settlement. Between the world wars, many key rail links were completed. In the South Island, Christchurch was connected with the West Coast and Picton. In the North Island, Auckland was linked with Northland, Taranaki and the Bay of Plenty. In the 1950s lines were built across the Volcanic Plateau.
Railway construction had similar problems to road building. Tracks had to be built on gentle gradients, so tunnels were needed in hilly areas. Railways also needed permanent bridges, so often the first bridge across a river was for the railway. Combined road and rail bridges provided dual access for road traffic and trains.
The first trains were steam-powered. Although they were gradually replaced by diesel and electric trains, steam locomotives were in use until the early 1970s. In the mid-1890s insulated wagons were designed and built at the Addington railway workshops in Christchurch, to transport meat carcasses from freezing works to ports.
Railways provided country districts with more convenient transport for goods and passengers, including school children. They also made some types of farming economically viable. In drier areas, rail transport encouraged grain growing and mixed arable and pastoral farming. Land that was once suitable only for large stock or sheep runs could be divided into smaller holdings for raising fat lambs, and this type of farming increased once freezing works were built near railway lines. Where it was possible to get milk and cream to central dairy factories by rail, dairy farms spread. Railway networks helped dairying develop in the Waikato.
Trains were the main way of transporting livestock until the 1960s, when restrictions on trucking were lifted.
In the late 19th century, farmers lobbied for and obtained reduced charges for transporting farm produce and fertiliser. They also got special rates for taking stock, produce, machinery and other exhibits to and from A & P (agricultural and pastoral) shows, and for travelling to other rural events such as ploughing competitions.
Rail transport peaked in the early 1950s, and then declined – trucks were more flexible for transporting farm and other goods. Tracks needed to be upgraded for modern trains, and some branch lines closed – particularly from 1960 to the mid-1980s, as road freighting expanded. However, increased road user costs saw rail freight tonnages grow again in the 2000s.
Before powered machinery, farming was heavy, time-consuming manual labour. Fields were tilled using horse or bullock-drawn ploughs. Cows were milked, sheep shorn, and crops planted and harvested using human or animal power. The introduction of steam engines and later internal combustion engines improved efficiency. But it was electricity that transformed life on the farm.
Hydro-electricity generation began on a small scale in the late 19th century, and the benefits were soon obvious. Electricity was clean, reliable and instant. It could provide heat and light, and power machines.
Electricity was particularly useful on dairy farms, where it could be used to run milking machines, light milking sheds, and heat water for cleaning and sterilising. Small power companies in Taranaki built their own hydro-electric plants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and began to supply local towns and farms. In the first decade of the 20th century small electricity-generating stations were mainly found in dairying regions like Taranaki, Waikato and Southland.
In 1908 the government took control of the generation, supply and sale of electricity. From 1918 it gave priority to extending electricity lines to farms, to help develop agriculture. Power boards were set up, and had to ensure that the network reached the countryside. Until mains power became available, many farmers had their own water wheels or diesel generators. By 1936, 80% of farms had access to electricity. It was used for a wide range of farming equipment, including shearing machines, pumps and milking machines.
The arrival of electricity was impatiently awaited in Cheviot county, Canterbury, in the late 1930s. At a Country Women’s Institute meeting one woman was overheard saying, ‘When are we going to get this electricity? No wonder women won’t live in the country, wet wood, a coal range and breakfast at quarter to seven. WHAT A LIFE!’ 1
Electricity was first used for farming and industrial purposes, and street lighting. In the 1920s, even in towns, its use in the home was confined to lighting, and ironing from a special ‘ironing point’. To have electric water-heating and an electric stove, a house needed extensive additional wiring. Only the homes of the wealthy were powered entirely by electricity – most houses had stoves and water heaters fuelled by wood, coal or gas.
From the late 1920s the extension of the power network, and a drop in the price of electrical appliances, changed this situation. In 1936, 80% of farms had electricity; all of these had electric lighting and an electric iron. About one-third had a vacuum cleaner, electric range and electric hot-water cylinder. Electrical appliances began to relieve some of the burden of domestic work for farming women.
After Second World War restrictions were lifted, there was a huge increase in demand for electricity for both industrial and domestic use. A further effort by power boards to construct new lines to rural districts took place, and between 1948 and 1965 another 12,766 households were connected.
Changes in the structure of the electricity industry in the 1980s, and privatisation of some of the state’s interests in 1999, led to an increased emphasis on electricity as a commercial commodity. In the early 2000s power companies were obliged by law to supply ‘uneconomic’ consumers such as farmers. This requirement was due to expire in 2013, but farmers saw its extension as a necessity.
The New Zealand Post Office was set up in the 1840s, but until the 1860s services were infrequent because poor roads made it difficult to carry mail between settlements.
Horses and horse-drawn coaches transported mail until the 1920s. Pigeon post was used in some rural regions. From the 1860s the number of post offices began to increase, and by 1900 there were around 1,700 branches throughout the country.
In 1868 William Baines had the contract to carry mail fortnightly between Christchurch and Timaru. A small man with a neat beard and a limitless fund of gossip, he was a welcome caller at homesteads on his route, as he delivered not just mail but also the latest news.
Before 1905 country people had to collect their mail from the nearest post office, but when a rural delivery service began, farmers could both receive and send mail through a special rural delivery post box or bag at the farm gate. Rural delivery was extended in the 1920s, when motorcycles were used to carry the mail. This was a daily service in some places, just once or twice a week in others. Essentials such as newspapers, groceries and animal feed were also dropped off.
Mail and other goods were often delivered on the school bus as it took children to and from the district school. Correspondence school lessons and assignments were received and sent through the rural delivery service, which was still being operated by New Zealand Post in 2008.
In small country towns, the post office had many functions aside from delivering mail and newspapers. People went there to receive pensions and allowances, open savings accounts, enrol to vote, and pay car registrations and other fees. The postmaster was often the registrar of births, deaths and marriages, a witness for statutory declarations and an adviser on government services.
There was strong protest from rural dwellers when many country post offices were closed between 1981 and 1991. This occurred because of economic changes – a farming downturn led to depopulation of country towns, and the government restructured the Post Office and sold its banking and telephone functions.
Electric telegraph messaging using Morse code was introduced to New Zealand in 1862, connecting provincial towns with ports. In 1863 the Electric Telegraph Department began; it merged with the Post Office in 1881. Telegraph lines were erected throughout the country, and by 1891 extended to many small rural towns.
Wireless telegraphy – sending messages by radio – was seen as a possible means of communication for rural people in the early 20th century. However, under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1903, only the government could receive and transmit radio messages. It was illegal for citizens to do this until 1921, by which time the telephone was becoming established. Radio telephones were later used on some farms – in the late 1940s, a system linked homesteads along the Rakaia River in Canterbury with the Methven post office.
The first telephone line into the Conway Flat area in North Canterbury was built in the 1930s. The line was insulated using glass bottles with their bottoms knocked out, which were jammed into mānuka poles.
The telephone was introduced in 1881, but was not widely used until after 1890. Some country districts had telephones earlier than others; there were lines in rural Canterbury by 1904. Many farmers erected their own lines before the Post and Telegraph Department reached outlying areas.
The telephone became essential for running a farm business. It allowed farmers to check prices, order goods and contact neighbours. It also saved time; for instance, farmers could ring the railway station instead of making fruitless trips to check for incoming goods. The phone was a social lifeline, especially for farmers’ wives.
After the Second World War, small automatic telephone exchanges were set up in rural areas, mostly with small party (shared) lines with up to 10 customers. Because it was possible to listen to other people’s conversations, party lines were a rich source of local gossip. They were common until the 1960s, but few remained in the early 2000s.
In 1987 the telecommunications division of the New Zealand Post Office became a corporation, Telecom. In 1990 it was privatised, and began competing with other telecommunications companies. The Telecommunications Service Obligations (TSO) contract between Telecom and government ensured that rural telephone services were subsidised, but in 2008 some country areas still did not have adequate land-line or cellular services.
From the early days in country districts, news was passed on by word of mouth whenever people gathered at churches, country halls, sports clubs, stockyards or A & P (agricultural and pastoral) association meetings. Small towns were important places to meet and exchange information.
The telegraph encouraged the growth of small local newspapers, because it allowed them to quickly get news from distant places, and compete with metropolitan papers. By the 1890s, many country towns had newspaper publishers. As railways spread, making it possible to deliver city newspapers to outlying areas, numbers of local papers fell. City newspapers, often dropped off by the rural delivery post, remain an important source of information for rural people.
Many country dwellers had limited access to books or libraries until the 1930s. Some wealthy sheep farmers had private libraries, and societies and clubs in small towns sometimes had collections of books. For many farming people, however, books were a luxury. Even if people could join a town public library, most charged subscription fees until the Second World War.
In 1927 the Women’s Division of the Farmers’ Union began a book club for country people, which ran during the 1930s from a base at Marton. Subscribers received a regular parcel containing two books, magazines and children’s books – carried free by New Zealand Railways. After Geoffrey Alley ran experimental mobile library services in rural Canterbury and Taranaki, a Country Library Service was set up in 1937. This service sent book vans to country areas, and made regular bulk loans of books to rural libraries. From 1942 the Country Library Service had a schools section which eventually extended to all New Zealand schools.
For many rural people, radio was a means of contact with the rest of New Zealand. Veteran broadcaster Jim Henderson recalled his mother saying, as she first switched on the radio in their home on Tākaka hill, ‘We’ll never be isolated again.’ 1
Radio broadcasts were an important source of news and entertainment for people in the backblocks – serials and song request programmes were particularly popular. However, there were often problems in receiving a signal. From the 1930s, the New Zealand Broadcasting Board attempted to improve the service for country listeners. Transmitters were replaced or moved to different sites, and small local radio stations were subsidised.
When television was introduced in 1960, rural reception again became an issue. Television signals had to travel along a line of sight, and areas surrounded by mountains could not receive broadcasts. At first seven transmitters were built the length of the country, with plans to erect more regional transmitters as resources became available. People in affected areas, irritated by the delay, set up low-powered translators to relay transmitter signals to television sets in the district. Parts of Central Otago, the West Coast and the central North Island did not have TV reception until 1972.
The introduction of a second television channel in 1975, and FM radio and pay television in the 1980s, required new transmitters. The question of access for rural people arose again. Deregulation of broadcasting in 1989 led to the establishment of the Broadcasting Commission, which was responsible for extending coverage to low-population areas that were not considered commercially viable. In 2008 this was still an issue for commercial radio, but Radio New Zealand and the two main television channels were available to all of New Zealand via the Sky Digital satellite platform. In future, free-to-air digital television transmitted through a hybrid satellite and terrestrial platform may provide more choices for rural viewers.
Using the internet was common by the mid-1990s, and by 2007 over 65% of rural households had a connection. Fast internet was seen as a tool for improving farm productivity. Many rural customers wanted broadband internet services, but the infrastructure cost was an obstacle. Although wireless and fibre technologies were becoming available, the Telecom fixed-access network was the main way of providing broadband to most rural areas, and it required upgrading. The government was considering extending the Telecommunications Service Obligations – which require Telecom to service rural areas – to include broadband internet access.
People living in country areas are at risk of farming accidents and diseases spread by animals as well as the usual range of health problems. Isolation has always made access to health services difficult.
The mainstay of the rural health system has always been the country GP. In the 19th century, these doctors regularly travelled long distances on foot or horseback to visit patients – as did midwives and nurses. Health Department district nurses included backblocks areas in their rounds from 1909.
It has always been difficult to attract doctors to rural districts because of the long hours, limited support, poor pay, and travel requirements. In 1941 government measures to provide more country doctors included paying mileage for patient visits, and appointing a doctor to rural areas too small to fully fund a medical practitioner.
Since 2001 the government has allocated more funding to recruit and retain rural GPs. In the early 2000s the New Zealand General Practice Network provided support for GPs and doctors working at rural hospitals. There was also a Remote Rural Midwives Support Scheme.
The first New Zealand hospitals were in the main towns, so country people needing urgent surgery could face a long, painful journey. Gradually more hospitals and maternity homes were set up in the regions, often part-funded by local contributions or rates. In 1885 the country was divided into hospital districts, each controlled by a board. These districts multiplied, and at one stage there were 47. In the 1960s the number was reduced, and some smaller general and maternity hospitals closed.
Health reforms in the 1980s and 1990s also led to the demise of some small rural hospitals, and surgical services were cut at others. In 2001, 21 district health boards were set up, and the smallest rural hospital board districts disappeared. In 2008 there were 36 rural hospitals in New Zealand.
In Littledene (1938), H. C. D. Somerset described how the women’s toilets in the country town of Oxford incorporated Plunket rooms for the visiting nurse. Women and children went there on market day, while the men were at the stock sales. The nurse’s salary was subsidised by a fundraising luncheon on ewe-fair day.
The Plunket Society was established in 1907 to provide baby-care advice and support for new mothers. It soon became widespread throughout New Zealand, and branches were set up in rural districts. Local people paid the visiting Plunket nurse’s salary through subscriptions and fundraising. In the early 2000s, Plunket was still active in country areas.
From the 1920s country children were bussed to city clinics for free dental care. Dental clinics were also attached to some country schools, and a dental nurse travelled between them. There were mobile clinics, and in some areas the nurse treated adults as well as children.
Diseases passed from animals to humans were a special threat to farming people. Bovine tuberculosis and hydatids were major problems in the 19th and 20th centuries. The Public Health Department and local authorities ran campaigns to raise awareness of these diseases. The Hydatids Act 1959 established a regime for inspection and treatment of dogs, and in the 1960s the Dairy Board, Meat Producers’ Board and Wool Board gave money towards hydatids research.
By the early 2000s, both diseases were well controlled in animals and no longer a risk to human health in New Zealand. But leptospirosis was a serious concern, and Rural Women New Zealand was fundraising for further research into the disease.
In 1918 Dr Doris Gordon was locum for a medical practice at Stratford in Taranaki, and was called to an emergency at Whangamōmona. The trip – now an hour’s drive – took her half a day by car and then horse-drawn gig over treacherously muddy roads. Despite the doctor’s best efforts her patient, a two-year-old child, died.
From the 1960s, aircraft helped transfer critically ill people from isolated areas to hospital. Helicopter services provided a more flexible air ambulance service from the 1970s.
In 2002 a surgical bus began visiting small rural hospitals, so local people could have day surgery without travelling long distances to larger hospitals. The bus carried the latest medical equipment, and doctors could contact colleagues elsewhere for advice during operations via an interactive video link.
In the 19th century, farming families depended on neighbours to help them in times of trouble. The spirit of mutual aid still exists, but there are also services to call on.
In rural areas fire was used to manage tussock grasslands and burn off bush. It could easily get out of control; during a summer drought in 1885–86, houses, businesses, farms and bush were ravaged by fires in Taranaki and Hawke’s Bay. There were also major fires in 1908, 1918 and 1946. On a smaller scale, there were often grass and hay-barn fires, and the only firefighters were locals with buckets of water.
In the mid-1980s a group of Waikato farming people got together to provide an emergency fire service. They were prompted to do so after the nearest fire appliance took a long time to reach a fire at a rural property. Calling themselves the Fire and Rescue Team (FART), they kept a small tanker of water at the Tauwhare home kill. Monthly meetings were generally drinking sessions. After two years without an emergency, FART faded away.
In the 19th century county councils were not responsible for rural fire protection. Volunteer fire brigades in small towns extended their services to the surrounding district, but were hampered by poor communications, slow transport and limited equipment. More rural volunteer fire brigades were formed after the Second World War. A fire services co-ordination scheme in 1954 made it mandatory for fire brigades to attend all fires within 5 miles (8 kilometres) of their station. The Fires Service Act 1975 introduced central government control and support for fire services, including volunteer brigades in rural areas.
In 1947 local authorities became responsible for fires not involving buildings. Under the Forest and Rural Fires Act 1977, forest and vegetation fires became the responsibility of the National Rural Fire Authority. In 2008 it co-ordinated 90 rural fire authorities. The firefighting force consisted of around 3,000 volunteers, with costs covered by the Rural Fire Fighting Fund.
Isolated farmers trying to defend themselves and their property can sometimes get into trouble. In 2002 Kawakawa farmer Paul McIntyre shot and wounded one of three armed men he caught stealing his farm quad bike. It took three years of legal process before he was acquitted of firearm charges.
The isolation of farms makes their inhabitants particularly vulnerable to crime – and police have to travel long distances to reach the scene. Police are also at risk: in 1941 farmer Stanley Graham killed four policemen who confronted him at his West Coast property. Soldiers, the home guard and volunteers were called out as reinforcements in the subsequent manhunt.
In 2007 rural liaison police officers were introduced to the Rangitīkei region to help deal with the rising crime rate. RAPID (Rural Address Property Identification) numbers are part of a nationwide system to identify properties so they can be found easily by emergency services. The numbers, which are linked to an address and GPS reading, are displayed at the farm gate and given when phoning for police help.
The support of neighbours in combatting crimes such as theft of stock and machinery remains important.
Before the introduction of state-funded welfare and health care, friendly societies and other organisations offered health and welfare benefits, and were active in some rural areas. Members paid subscriptions and could get financial help if the family breadwinner died or was incapacitated. They also received subsidised doctors’ visits, medicines and hospital care. There were also local benevolent leagues which gave grants to widows, orphans and sick people.
Such organisations became less prominent after the Social Security Act 1938 and its amendments established free health care and pensions for those unable to work. There have been times when farmers have needed welfare assistance. When state subsidies for farming were reduced in the 1980s, many farming families were hard hit, and some applied for a benefit aimed at low-waged families.
In 2009 there was a nationwide network of Rural Support Trusts, which provided advice and financial assistance to rural communities in times of hardship, such as during droughts.
The special hardships experienced by isolated rural women with large families prompted the Women’s Division of the Farmers’ Union to introduce their Bush Nurse and Emergency Housekeeper Scheme in 1927. This provided home help for women when they were sick or had just had a baby. At first funded by the Division’s members, the scheme was eventually subsidised by the government. The Women’s Division also ran four homes where exhausted women could go for a rest, and holiday homes for farming families.
High costs eventually led to the closure of the rest homes, but in the 2000s Rural Women New Zealand still operated a holiday home near Auckland, and bed and breakfast accommodation in Wellington. It also ran a home nursing and help service, Access Homehealth.
Day, Patrick. The radio years. Auckland: Auckland University Press/Broadcasting History Trust, 1994.
Day, Patrick. Voice and vision. Auckland: Auckland University Press/Broadcasting History Trust, 2000.
Smith, Rosemarie. ‘Women’s Division Federated Farmers 1925–.’ In Women together: a history of women’s organisations in New Zealand: nga ropu wahine o te motu, edited by Anne Else, 392–396. Wellington: Daphne Brasell/Historical Branch, Dept. of Internal Affairs, 1993.
Watson, James. Links: a history of transport and New Zealand society. Wellington: Ministry of Transport, 1996. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Improve Injury Recovery With Fish Oil, Protein & Antioxidants
Improve Injury Recovery With Fish Oil, Protein & Antioxidants
When your body is repairing from an injury, your dietary and nutrient needs change. Two critical things you can do accelerate injury recovery are to take nutrients like fish oil that will help decrease inflammation and get more protein to prevent muscle mass loss due to inactivity.
Fish Oil & Antioxidants Reduce Inflammation
When we talk about decreasing the inflammatory response to injury, the goal is to help the body to eliminate waste products. When you damage tissue, the body produces a lot of "garbage" that needs to be removed. Several supplements can support the injury recovery process, including fish oil, and antioxidants such as green tea and curcumin.
Studies show that all three of these supplements can decrease the acute inflammatory response to muscle and connective tissue damage, leading to faster healing. For example, curcumin cream significantly accelerates healing and pain from an injury.
In addition, to prevent muscle atrophy due to immobilization, you need to eat extra protein. Get a regular dose of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) to stimulate protein synthesis and offset muscle loss. Taking extra BCAAs has been shown to enhance the rate at which tissue is repaired. BCAAs also reduce the muscle lost during recovery. Taking more essential amino acids decreases the time for an injured muscle to recover its original strength prior to the injury.
To recover faster use the following strategies:
• Get a higher protein intake aiming for a minimum of 1.6 g/kg of body weight. That's 116 grams for a 160 pound person.
• Take BCAAs or a whey protein supplement between meals to pad protein intake.
• Shoot for getting at least 20 grams of essential amino acids at every meal.
• Dose with fish oil to improve injury recovery, taking 1 to 3 grams a day.
• Take curcumin to tamp down inflammation and pain.
• Drink extra water—at least 3 liters a day.
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Controlling Application Behavior Across Multiple Environments With ASP.NET Core
Introduction
ASP.NET Core has introduced many new features. One of them is to control Application behavior across multiple environments like development, staging, and production. We can use environment variable to define or configure the Application is running in.
The environment can be set to any value. In this example, we will use development, staging and production. We can detect the current setting of an environment variable programmatically. The environment variable name is case sensitive for LINUX OS and they are case-insensitive for Windows and Mac operating system.
Using the following helps to define the way. We can set the environment variable in Windows 10 operating system.
The same thing can be achieved by the command prompt or Windows PowerShell, using the “set” and “$env:” command.
When we are using Visual Studio, the environment variable settings can be specified in our project's debug profiles.
When we modify the default setting within the project, the changes are persisted in launchSettings.json in the Properties folder. The "launchSettings.json" file holds the setting, which is specific to each profile used to launch the Application.
Determine the environment
The IHostingEnvironment Service provides core abstraction for accessing the environment variables and these Services are at hosting layer, and can be injected into startup class. The environment setting may be used to define error handling strategy for development and production. We can get the value of the current specified environment by calling EnviromentName (property) or IsEnvironment (method) of instance of IHostingEnvironment. HostingEnvironmentExtensions class has the extension methods for checking current hosting environment name for production, staging and development. These methods return Boolean values, return true if they match an environment name else they return false. For example, IsDevelopment returns true if the environment name is Development, else false.
1. if(env.IsDevelopment())
2. {
3. // ToDO Current environment name is "Development"
4. }
5. else
6. {
7. // ToDO Current environment name is other than "Development"
8. }
Apart from this, we can also use the Startup class based on the environment. The Configure and ConfigureServices methods support the environment specific versions in same startup class. The format for naming is Configure{EnvironmentName} and Configure{EnvironmentName}Services(). For example, if we define a method ConfigureDevelopment, the system will call this method instead of configure; when an environment is set to development.
1. public void ConfigureDevelopment(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
2. {
3. // ToDO
4. }
5. public void ConfigureProduction(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
6. {
7. // ToDO
8. }
Determine the value of an environment variable
Using GetEnvironmentVariable method of an Environment class, we can get the value of environment variable in ASP.NET Core Application.
Example
1. var envVarValue = System.Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("test1");
Summary
ASP.NET Core allows us to set different configuration based on an environment. The environment variables are case insensitive for Windows and Mac OS whereas they are case sensitive for Linux OS. The environment variables are very useful in controlling the behavior of an Application in multiple environments. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Mount Lola
Mount Lola is a mountain in the Sierra Nevada of California. Its summit, located north of Donner Pass and Interstate 80, is the highest point in Nevada County. It is also the highest point in the Sierra Nevada north of Interstate 80. A subsidiary peak 1.2 mi north of the main summit is highest point in Sierra County at 8848 ft.
The area receives copious snowfall during the winter because of its high elevation.
The Mount Lola is named for Lola Montez, a famous resident of Nevada County, who lived in Grass Valley in the 1850s. | WIKI |
@article{ref1, title="Alternating current electrocution detection and termination by an implantable cardioverter defibrillator", journal="Pacing and clinical electrophysiology", year="1997", author="Mehdirad, A. and Love, C. and Nelson, S. and Schaal, S. and Collins, J. and Huffman, K.", volume="20", number="7", pages="1885-1886", abstract="A patient with an ICD accidentally grasped a power line and was electrocuted. He was unable to release the cable during electrocution though he remained conscious. After receiving a shock from his ICD, the powerline was released. ICD interrogation revealed inappropriate detection of alternating current and delivery of a shock.
Language: en
", language="en", issn="0147-8389", doi="", url="http://dx.doi.org/" } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Exploiting application tunability for efficient, predictable parallel resource management
Fangzhe Chang, Vijay Karamcheti, Zvi Kedem
Research output: Contribution to journalConference article
Abstract
Parallel computing is becoming increasing central and mainstream, driven both by the widespread availability of commodity SMP and high-performance cluster platforms, as well as the growing use of parallelism in general-purpose applications such as image recognition, virtual reality, and media processing. In addition to performance requirements, the latter computations impose soft real-time constraints, necessitating efficient, predictable parallel resource management. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for increasing parallel system utilization while meeting application soft real-time deadlines. Our approach exploits the application tunability found in several general-purpose computations. Tunability refers to an application's ability to trade off resource requirements over time, while maintaining a desired level of output quality. We first describe language extensions to support tunability in the Calypso system, then characterize the performance benefits of tunability, using a synthetic task system to systematically identify its benefits. Our results show that application tunability is convenient to express and can significantly improve parallel system utilization for computations with predictability requirements.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)749-758
Number of pages10
JournalProceedings of the International Parallel Processing Symposium, IPPS
StatePublished - Jan 1 1999
EventProceedings of the 1999 13th International Parallel Processing Symposium and 10th Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing - San Juan
Duration: Apr 12 1999Apr 16 1999
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Hardware and Architecture
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Exploiting application tunability for efficient, predictable parallel resource management'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
• Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Janice Whitby
Janice Whitby (born October 31, 1950) is a Canadian-born American film and television actress. Her most notable roles includes her debut as a Golddigger, a singing and dancing troupe of young women on The Dean Martin Show. However, she is probably best known for her portrayal of the fembot Katy in the 1970s television series The Bionic Woman.
Early life
Whitby was born in London, Ontario and grew up in Long Island and New York City where she studied ballet.
Career
Whitby made her television debut when she joined "The Golddiggers", an assembled singing and dance troupe that performed regularly on "The Dean Martin Show". She remained with the troupe when they spun off into their own television show, "Chevrolet Presents the Golddiggers". Whitby then departed the Golddiggers and joined the final season of Rowan & Martin's "Laugh-In" as one of the Beautiful Downtown Beauties.
After "Laugh-In" Whitby landed guest roles on several hit TV series including Baretta, Emergency! and Cannon. However, her biggest and possibly most memorable TV role was guest starring on "The Six Million Dollar Man" and The Bionic Woman three part epic crossover entitled "Kill Oscar". She played the android assailant, Katy, Doctor Franklin's (John Houseman) fembot assistant and operative. The fembot role earned Whitby ongoing cult status fame among science fiction fans.
Additional sources
* http://www.bionicwomanfiles.com
* http://www.supermegafest.com/ | WIKI |
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Managing package versions with Poetry
Table of Contents
Open Table of Contents
0. The problem
Handling project version numbers is painful and can be tedious if not automated. To make matters worse, we often need to update the version in multiple files.
This post will explain how to simplify this process and how to automate it. It only focuses on how to manage it using poetry since it’s the tool I recommend for handling virtual environments. If you need to set up Poetry, see: Domain LogoPoetry python package manager
1. poetry-bumpversion
With Domain LogoPoetry-bumpversion, we can easily update the package version.
It assumes you follow Domain LogoSemver for the versioning of the project.
If you are not following Domain LogoSemver, you probably should since it’s the standard.
In short with semver the version consists of three numbers (M.m.p) where:
• M: major version. Represents breaking changes
• m: minor version. Represents relevant changes
• p: patch version. For fixes without new functionallity
1.1. Installing poetry-bumpversion
You can do it with:
# If you don't have Poetry installed, first do:
pip install poetry
# Add poetry-bumpversion
poetry self add poetry-bumpversion
# Make sure to install the poetry dependencies again with:
poetry install
1.2. Updating the version in pyproject.toml
You can do it by running:
poetry version major
poetry version minor
poetry version patch
1.3. Updating other files
Frequently you will have other files that declare the version. For example, you could have dbt_project.yml if you are using DBT. In that case, you will need to declare in pyproject.toml the files you want to update along with the format it should look for. As an example for DBT:
/pyproject.toml
[[tool.poetry_bumpversion.replacements]]
files = ["dbt_project.yml"]
search = "version: '{current_version}'"
replace = "version: '{new_version}'"
2. Automatically validate versions
The idea is to create a GitHub action that automatically validates that the version is updated. This way you can decide if you want to increase the major, minor, or patch digit.
In this example, if the version is not manually updated, the CI will fail.
The first thing you need is a simple script that reads the package version from pyproject.toml:
/.github/scripts/get_version.py
import click
import toml
from loguru import logger as log
from utils import set_output
PYPROJECT_FILE = "pyproject.toml"
@click.command()
@click.option("--name")
def get_version(name):
version = toml.load(PYPROJECT_FILE)["tool"]["poetry"]["version"]
log.info(f"'{name}' branch {version=}")
set_output(f"VERSION_{name.upper()}", version)
if __name__ == "__main__":
get_version()
This scripts uses the set_output function to export the version as an environment variable in GitHub action. Since this is used in another python script, it is declared in a utils.py file:
/.github/scripts/utils.py
import os
from loguru import logger as log
def set_output(name, value):
log.info(f"Setting {name=} {value=}")
with open(os.environ["GITHUB_ENV"], "a") as fh:
print(f"{name}={value}", file=fh)
For more details about using environment variables in Github actions see section 4
Then you will need a script that checks if the version needs to be updated. It will compare the version from main to the one in the current PR.
/.github/scripts/check_if_update_needed.py
import click
from packaging import version
from loguru import logger as log
@click.command()
@click.option("--version_current")
@click.option("--version_main")
def compare_versions(version_current, version_main):
log.info(f"Running with {version_current=}, {version_main=}")
version_current = version.parse(version_current)
version_main = version.parse(version_main)
if version_current <= version_main:
logger.error("Version needs to be updated")
exit(1)
logger.success(f"Version is correctly updated")
exit(0)
if __name__ == "__main__":
compare_versions()
And the last step is to create a GitHub action that validates the version:
/.github/workflow/fix_version.yaml
name: Fix Version
on:
pull_request:
paths:
- dbt_northius/**
- poetry.lock
- pyproject.toml
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
jobs:
fix:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Set up Python
uses: actions/setup-python@v4
# Install requirements. Should match Dockerfile versions
- name: Install requirements
run: pip install poetry==1.6.1 poetry-bumpversion==0.3.1 toml loguru click
# Get version from main
- name: Checkout main
uses: actions/checkout@v3
with:
ref: main
- name: Get main version
run: python .github/scripts/get_version.py --name=main
# Get version from the current branch
- name: Checkout current branch
uses: actions/checkout@v3
with:
# Those are needed because of https://github.com/EndBug/add-and-commit#working-with-prs
repository: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name }}
ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}
- name: Get current version
run: python .github/scripts/get_version.py --name=current
# Checks if version needs updating
- name: Check if version needs to be updated
run: python .github/scripts/check_if_update_needed.py --version_current=$VERSION_CURRENT --version_main=$VERSION_MAIN
# Update only when needed
- name: Update version
if: env.NEEDS_UPDATE == 'true'
run: poetry version minor
# Commit changes and force GitHub_status to be updated
- name: Commit new version
if: env.NEEDS_UPDATE == 'true'
uses: EndBug/add-and-commit@v9
with:
default_author: github_actions
message: "Poetry minor version update"
Notice that if there are multiple commits on the same PR the older runs will be canceled. More info in Domain LogoUsing concurrency and the default behavior
The way this works is by:
1. Extracting the version in main branch
2. Extracting the version from the current branch in the pull request
3. If current_version <= main_version, then fail
3. Automatically tag versions
In order to keep better tracking of the package version, we will be tagging all commits to main with their version. We can do that with the following GitHub action:
/.github/workflow/tag_commits_on_main.yaml
name: Tag
on:
push:
branches:
- main
paths:
- pyproject.toml
jobs:
tag_with_version:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Set up Python
uses: actions/setup-python@v4
- name: Install requirements
run: pip install toml loguru click
- name: Checkout current branch
uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: Get current version
run: python .github/scripts/get_version.py --name=current
- name: Tag commit with current version
uses: actions/github-script@v5
with:
script: |
github.rest.git.createRef({
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
ref: `refs/tags/${{env.VERSION_CURRENT}}`,
sha: context.sha
})
4. Environment variables in github actions
One of the ways of passing information from one step in a GitHub action to another is by using environment variables.
4.1. Storing data in an environment variable
There is a couple of ways of storing data in an environment variable. This first one would be with an echo like:
- name: Get main version
run: echo "VERSION_CURRENT=$(python scripts/get_version.py)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
In this example you would need scripts/get_version.py to output the version.
The second option is to do it directly with python with:
def set_output(name, value):
"""
Args:
name: name of the environment variable
value: value to store in the environment variable
with open(os.environ["GITHUB_ENV"], "a") as fh:
print(f"{name}={value}", file=fh)
4.2. Retrevient data from an environment variable
To retrieve the environment variable, simply use $ENV_VAR_NAME like:
- name: Check if version needs to be updated
run: python .github/scripts/check_if_update_needed.py --version_current=$VERSION_CURRENT --version_main=$VERSION_MAIN
Notice that in the tag_commits_on_main.yaml GitHub action, we are using the value directly within a string. This is done with:
`text ${{env.ENV_VAR_NAME}}`
Like we saw in the previous snippet:
- name: Tag commit with current version
uses: actions/github-script@v5
with:
script: |
github.rest.git.createRef({
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
ref: `refs/tags/${{env.VERSION_CURRENT}}`,
sha: context.sha
}) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Find Paper, Faster
Example：10.1021/acsami.1c06204 or Chem. Rev., 2007, 107, 2411-2502
EGFR promotes the apoptosis of CD4+ T lymphocytes through TBK1/Glut1 induced Warburg effect in sepsis
Journal of Advanced Research (IF12.822), Pub Date : 2022-05-01, DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.04.010
Li Huang, Xuedi Zhang, Junyu Fan, Xiaolei Liu, Shuhua Luo, Dianqing Cao, Youtan Liu, Zhengyuan Xia, Hanhui Zhong, Cuiping Chen, Liangqing Zhang, Zhifeng Liu, Jing Tang
Introduction
Sepsis-induced apoptosis leads to lymphopenia including the decrease of CD4+ T cells thus favoring immunosuppression.
Objectives
Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors significantly improve the survival rate of septic mice, the effect of EGFR on the function and metabolism of CD4+ T cells in sepsis remained unknown.
Methods
CD4+ T cells from septic mice and patients were assessed for apoptosis, activation, Warburg metabolism and glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) expression with or without the interference of EGFR activation.
Results
EGFR facilitates CD4+ T cell activation and apoptosis through Glut1, which is a key enzyme that controls glycolysis in T cells. EGFR, TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and Glut1 form a complex to facilitate Glut1 transportation from cytoplasm to cell surface. Both the levels of membrane expression of EGFR and Glut1 and the activation levels of CD4+ T cells were significantly higher in patients with sepsis as compared with healthy subjects.
Conclusion
Our data demonstrated that through its downstream TBK1/Exo84/RalA protein system, EGFR regulates Glut1 transporting to the cell surface, which is a key step for inducing the Warburg effect and the subsequent cellular activation and apoptosis of CD4+ T lymphocytes and may eventually affect the immune functional status, causing immune cell exhaustion in sepsis. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Commits
Alex Szpakowski committed cf85183
Removed SpriteBatch:remove(id) (reverted commit 2ca82dd)
The implementation had issues with sprite draw order when SpriteBatch:add used indices in the vertex buffer previously freed with SpriteBatch:remove
• Participants
• Parent commits 9337115
Comments (0)
Files changed (4)
src/modules/graphics/opengl/SpriteBatch.cpp
#include "SpriteBatch.h"
-// STD
-#include <algorithm> // std::find
-
// OpenGL
#include "OpenGL.h"
int SpriteBatch::add(float x, float y, float a, float sx, float sy, float ox, float oy, float kx, float ky, int index /*= -1*/)
{
// Only do this if there's a free slot.
- if ((index == -1 && next >= size && gaps.size() == 0) || index < -1 || index >= size)
+ if ((index == -1 && next >= size) || index < -1 || index >= size)
return -1;
- // Determine where in the vertex buffer to insert into, using the gap list
- // if possible.
- int realindex;
- if (index == -1 && gaps.size() > 0)
- {
- realindex = gaps.front();
- gaps.pop_front();
- }
- else
- {
- realindex = (index == -1) ? next : index;
- std::deque<int>::iterator it = std::find(gaps.begin(), gaps.end(), realindex);
- if (it != gaps.end())
- gaps.erase(it); // This index is no longer a gap.
- }
-
// Needed for colors.
memcpy(sprite, image->getVertices(), sizeof(vertex)*4);
setColorv(sprite, *color);
- addv(sprite, realindex);
+ addv(sprite, (index == -1) ? next : index);
// Increment counter.
- if (index == -1 && realindex == next)
+ if (index == -1)
return next++;
- return realindex;
+ return index;
}
int SpriteBatch::addq(Quad *quad, float x, float y, float a, float sx, float sy, float ox, float oy, float kx, float ky, int index /*= -1*/)
{
// Only do this if there's a free slot.
- if ((index == -1 && next >= size && gaps.size() == 0) || index < -1 || index >= next)
+ if ((index == -1 && next >= size) || index < -1 || index >= next)
return -1;
- // Determine where in the vertex buffer to insert into, using the gap list
- // if possible.
- int realindex;
- if (index == -1 && gaps.size() > 0)
- {
- realindex = gaps.front();
- gaps.pop_front();
- }
- else
- {
- realindex = (index == -1) ? next : index;
- std::deque<int>::iterator it = std::find(gaps.begin(), gaps.end(), realindex);
- if (it != gaps.end())
- gaps.erase(it); // This index is no longer a gap.
- }
-
// Needed for colors.
memcpy(sprite, quad->getVertices(), sizeof(vertex)*4);
if (color)
setColorv(sprite, *color);
- addv(sprite, realindex);
+ addv(sprite, (index == -1) ? next : index);
// Increment counter.
- if (index == -1 && realindex == next)
+ if (index == -1)
return next++;
- return realindex;
-}
-
-void SpriteBatch::remove(int index)
-{
- if (index < 0 || index >= next || next <= 0)
- return;
-
- // If this is the last index in the sprite list, decrease the total sprite
- // count instead of adding a dummy sprite.
- if (index == next - 1)
- {
- int spritecount = index;
-
- // Remove all consecutive gaps at the end of the sprite list.
- std::deque<int>::iterator it;
- while ((it = std::find(gaps.begin(), gaps.end(), --spritecount)) != gaps.end())
- gaps.erase(it);
-
- next = spritecount + 1;
- return;
- }
- else if (std::find(gaps.begin(), gaps.end(), index) != gaps.end())
- return; // Don't add the same index to the gap list twice.
-
-
- // OpenGL won't render any primitive whose vertices are all identical.
- for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
- sprite[i].x = sprite[i].y = 0;
-
- // Replace the existing sprite at this index with the dummy sprite.
- addv(sprite, index);
-
- gaps.push_back(index);
+ return index;
}
void SpriteBatch::clear()
{
// Reset the position of the next index.
next = 0;
- gaps.clear();
}
void *SpriteBatch::lock()
src/modules/graphics/opengl/SpriteBatch.h
// C
#include <cstring>
-#include <deque>
// LOVE
#include "common/math.h"
int add(float x, float y, float a, float sx, float sy, float ox, float oy, float kx, float ky, int index = -1);
int addq(Quad *quad, float x, float y, float a, float sx, float sy, float ox, float oy, float kx, float ky, int index = -1);
- void remove(int index);
void clear();
void *lock();
VertexBuffer *array_buf;
VertexIndex *element_buf;
- // List of gaps in the SpriteBatch. Checked when adding sprites, and added
- // to when removing them.
- std::deque<int> gaps;
-
}; // SpriteBatch
} // opengl
src/modules/graphics/opengl/wrap_SpriteBatch.cpp
return 0;
}
-int w_SpriteBatch_remove(lua_State *L)
-{
- SpriteBatch *t = luax_checkspritebatch(L, 1);
- int id = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
- t->remove(id);
- return 0;
-}
-
int w_SpriteBatch_clear(lua_State *L)
{
SpriteBatch *t = luax_checkspritebatch(L, 1);
{ "addq", w_SpriteBatch_addq },
{ "set", w_SpriteBatch_set },
{ "setq", w_SpriteBatch_setq },
- { "remove", w_SpriteBatch_remove },
{ "clear", w_SpriteBatch_clear },
{ "bind", w_SpriteBatch_bind },
{ "unbind", w_SpriteBatch_unbind },
src/modules/graphics/opengl/wrap_SpriteBatch.h
int w_SpriteBatch_addq(lua_State *L);
int w_SpriteBatch_set(lua_State *L);
int w_SpriteBatch_setq(lua_State *L);
-int w_SpriteBatch_remove(lua_State *L);
int w_SpriteBatch_clear(lua_State *L);
int w_SpriteBatch_lock(lua_State *L);
int w_SpriteBatch_unlock(lua_State *L); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Arthur Campbell
Arthur Campbell may refer to:
People
* Arthur Campbell (Clan Arthur), Scotsman rewarded for his support of Robert the Bruce
* Arthur Campbell (Virginia soldier) (1743–1811), member of the Virginia House of Burgesses, for whom Campbell County, Tennessee is named
* Vin Campbell (Arthur Vincent Campbell, 1888–1969), Major League Baseball player
* Arthur Grant Campbell (1916–1996), Canadian diplomat
* Arthur Campbell (chemist) (1925–2020), New Zealand chemist
Fictional characters
* Arthur Campbell (Last Exile), a character in the anime series Last Exile | WIKI |
Talk:Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil/Archive 1
monarchial vs monarchical
Shouldn't "monarchial institution" be: "monarchical institution"? I'm not 100% sure on this so please check. -- Alexf(talk) 15:08, 20 June 2011 (UTC)
* "Monarchial" would be used to describe something related to a monarchy (the government). "Monarchical" would be used to describe something related to a monarch (the person or office). In many uses, there is greater or lesser overlap (especially in absolutist cases where the government is conflated with the monarch) and they can become synonymous. In the case of the use of the term in this article's lead, I believe "monarchial institution" is more correct of the situation, as Brazil was not an absolutist state, and what is being described is not the person or office. I've seen both used in U.S. and British English, but if there is something that I'm missing in the usage, I've no objection to a change. • Astynax talk 17:41, 20 June 2011 (UTC)
* I'll defer to you on that as it is not a word I would use everyday so i wasn't sure. -- Alexf(talk) 17:48, 20 June 2011 (UTC)
Italics
User:Dank and User:Malleus Fatuorum both said at Featured article candidates/Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil/archive2 that "Dona" should not be in italics. I've just seen that we could move Teresa Cristina to the first section and exclude her from the lead. This would make sense because Afonso's position and notability derives from his father not his mother. It would also prevent readers assuming from the first sentence ("he was the eldest child of ... Dona Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, and thus a member of the Brazilian branch of the House of Braganza") that membership of the House of Braganza is somehow related to the Two Sicilies. And prevent the sentence reading "he was the eldest child of Emperor Dom Pedro II ... of the Two Sicilies". DrKiernan (talk) 12:11, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* Since I don`t like you and I can`t remember a single moment you`ve been useful at all in any of the articles related to Brazilian history which I have worked so hard and since you insist on bothering me although you were told to leave me in peace I`ll keep this one quite simple:
* 1) He was a member of the House of Braganza because his father also was, as well as his paternal grandfather and on and on. There is no way someone would made any mistake about it just because his mother`s name is in the same sentence. Since you do plenty of work on articles related to British royals I know quite well that you are aware of that and you`re simply complaining about it because you enjoy giving me trouble.
* 2) The title Dona is in italics because it is a foreign word and the MoS says we should put any foreign word in italics. Simple like that. The "dom" is not in italics because Dom (title) exists in English.
* That`s all. --Lecen (talk) 14:01, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* "Dona", like "Dom", is used in english. I've looked in three dictionaries; they all have it. DrKiernan (talk) 15:00, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* Which dictionaries and what do they say? A dictionary that it's a Portuguese title doesn't mean that its an English word. --Lecen (talk) 15:03, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* The New English Dictionary (Odhams Press, 1932) says "n. Lady; madam; (slang) a woman; a sweetheart."
* Funk and Wagnall's Standard Dictionary (International Edition, 1966) says "n. The Portuguese form of Doña." The definition of Doña is "n. Lady; madam; the feminine title corresponding to Don."
* The Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford University Press, 2nd edition 1989; online edition, September 2011) says "1. A (Spanish or Portuguese) lady. Also prefixed to the name as a title of courtesy. 2. slang. (in form dona, also vulgarly donah, doner.) A woman; a sweetheart." DrKiernan (talk) 15:14, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* I'm quite surprised to learn that there are Americans, British and Australians walking around and saying "Hi, Dona Margareth" and "Goodbye, Dona Elizabeth". It still doesn't mean that the Portuguese title is an English word. The MoS is clear: "Use italics for phrases in other languages and for isolated foreign words that are not common in everyday English". --Lecen (talk) 15:17, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* It's been in use for centuries. John Dryden, for example, wrote "Was there never a Dona in all Spain worthy your kindness?" Anyway, you don't need to take my word for it: just do an english-language google book search. DrKiernan (talk) 15:34, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* As you notified Astynax, I've notified Dan and Malleus of this discussion. DrKiernan (talk) 15:36, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
The title "Dona" is not the same thing as the word "dona" used as synoynm of woman. You don't even speak Portuguese. I'm wasting my time. I didn't asked Astynax to come here. He doesn't like to discuss on talk pages. And you can call whoever you want. --Lecen (talk) 15:39, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* I have not changed my view from what I stated at the FAC, which is that "Dona" should not be in italics. It's a word that appears in every English dictionary, and in none of them is it italicised. Sure it's word absorbed from Portuguese, but English has absorbed a great many words from other languages, and they're not italicised either. Bottom line: if the word appears in the OED and is not in italics there, which it isn't, then it ought not to be in italics here. Malleus Fatuorum 15:47, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* FYI. The OED's definition of "Dona" (not "dona") is "A (Spanish or Portuguese) lady. Also prefixed to the name as a title of courtesy." Malleus Fatuorum 15:48, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* I was alerted to this discussion, although I'm sure the participants won't mind. Anyway, I'm agreed with Malleus and DrKiernan. - Dank (push to talk) 16:07, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* I would eventually seen the discussion, but I disagree with the contention that simply because a word is "used in English" or appears in English dictionaries (which contain a huge number of foreign terms not commonly used or understood by a general, English-speaking audience), that it should go sans italics. Foreign words, even foreign words which are frequently used in English but "that do not yet have everyday use in non-specialised English" should be italicized. Dona is a word which is patently not in common English usage, as required by the MOS; it is not a familiar foreign term to the majority of English readers. Equally, and much more familiar words (such as ipso facto, per se, sic, sotto voce) are always italicized, and you'd be hard-pressed to find an English dictionary that does not include these as well. • Astynax talk 17:55, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* It might be worth your while to actually consult an English dictionary, as none of the examples you quoted (ipso facto, per se, sic, sotto voce) are italicised, as they're fairly common expressions absorbed into the language, as is "Dona". As contrasted with expressions such as ipse dixit, for instance, which have not and are consequently italicised. Malleus Fatuorum 18:06, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* I find your implication that I did not consult English dictionaries offensive. You are obviously aware that English dictionaries contain many foreign terms that are not anywhere near to being absorbed into everyday English usage. Yes, those terms include ipse dixit, but depending on your dictionary, this also includes ipso facto, sic, etc. (see Merriam-Webster where they are italicized in the same way). The subject of "battling dictionaries" to settle when a foreign word should be italicized was dismissed when the MOS guidelines were created. It would be nice to have an MOS guideline list of foreign words generally accepted as having come into "everyday use in non-specialised English", but we do not. A great many English readers assume that "Dona" is a woman's name, unless alerted otherwise; there is no reason to leave that mistaken impression. There are certainly authors who leave out the italics in dona (particularly in works dealing with Italian and Portuguese topics where the term is very frequently repeated and the repeated italicization becomes implied through constant repetition, or if using style guides which do not italicize foreign words at all). In this article, however, the italics serve a useful purpose. • Astynax talk 19:00, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* You misunderstand. I'm implying nothing, I'm stating quite categorically that you cannot have consulted any English dictionary, else you would know you are talking cack. The word "Dona" is not italicised in English. Period. And the Christian name is spelled "Donna". Malleus Fatuorum 19:08, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* With regard to "guideline list of foreign words", the guideline suggests checking Merriam Webster Online as a useful guide to see whether a particular loan word should be in italics or not. DrKiernan (talk) 19:05, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* Actually, I don't see how it can be useful, it seems to put any word it defines in italics. I've just looked up "cat". DrKiernan (talk) 19:13, 19 October 2011 (UTC) Ah, I see the guideline says if a word appears in that dictionary, do not italicise it, which supports the view that these loan words should not be in italics. DrKiernan (talk) 19:19, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* No, the MOS guideline is explicitly that words "that do not yet have everyday use in non-specialised English" should be italicized. You can find many, many non-English words not even close to being in common usage in various English dictionaries. One clue is that the word is specifically flagged as in another language (not merely "derived from"). "Battling dictionaries" does not address this, especially an overly simplistic claim that a foreign term is a common English usage simply by inclusion in an English dictionary. • Astynax talk 18:39, 22 October 2011 (UTC)
* English dictionaries reflect English usage. If a word is not italicised in a standard English dictionary – and "Dona" isn't – then it ought not to be italicised here. It's really quite simple; you are utterly, absolutely, and completely wrong. Malleus Fatuorum
* This is not ultimately worth fighting over but for what it is worth I agree with Malleus, Dank and DrKiernan. --John (talk) 18:01, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* ipso facto is a latin expression, not English words. --Lecen (talk) 18:29, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* "Ipso facto" is a Latin expression that has been absorbed into English, just as "sputnik" is a Russian word absorbed into English, and in neither case are they italicised because of the origin. The authority for whether or not a particular word or expression is italicised in English is the OED, and it does not italicise either "ipso facto" or "Dona". Really, you don't have a leg to stand on. Malleus Fatuorum 18:34, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
* And yet, ipso facto is widely italicized (as is ipse dixit which you note should be italicized, but which also appears in English dictionaries). Obviously, neither has "been absorbed" into everyday English. • Astynax talk 18:39, 22 October 2011 (UTC)
* People widely make mistakes. As you are doing here. Malleus Fatuorum 18:46, 22 October 2011 (UTC)
* I made no mistake as to ipso facto being commonly italicized, I made no mistake in agreeing with you that ipse dixit should both be italicized and in stating that it appears in English dictionaries, and I made no mistake in stating that Dona does "not yet have everyday use in non-specialised English" per the MOS and despite that it appears (flagged as an Italian or Portuguese word) in English dictionaries. • Astynax talk 19:44, 22 October 2011 (UTC)
* Perhaps you've misunderstood the way English dictionaries work? The word aardvark is flagged as a Dutch word, but that doesn't mean that it should be in italics. Zorro, cowboy culture, and Italian restaurants all use "Dona". It is "non-specialised English". DrKiernan (talk) 20:02, 22 October 2011 (UTC)
* I'm certain that we are all quite aware of how "dictionaries work". I'm not sure which dictionary you are using that says that aardvark is a Dutch word, but others make a distinction between specifying something as an English word's origin/derivation and specifying it as a foreign word. It is ridiculous to rest an argument on a usage in the movie "Zorro", in the title of an Italian restaurant (in both cases the vast majority of viewers/readers would have no clue that the term was an honorific meaning "lady", and it is not a concern of the authors in either case to make the distinction), or in "cowboy culture" (in which case foriegn terms adopted into specialized vocabularies are, by definition, not part of "everyday use in non-specialised English"). • Astynax talk 18:35, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
* Perhaps you know how Portuguese dictionaries work but what about how English dictionaries work? OK, strictly DrKiernan is wrong, in that "aardvark" is derived from Afrikaans, but that's derived from Dutch anyway. The point remains though that in no English dictionary is "ardvaark" italicised. Malleus Fatuorum 18:42, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
* Malleus_Fatuorum shouldn't even be here. He is uncapable of being civilized and he will certainly stick against wherever I say or do. His opinion is not unbiased. --Lecen (talk) 19:32, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
* I think you just proved my point: the word is "incapable", not "uncapable". You also ought to check up on the meaning of "civilized", as I presume you mean "civil"? The two words are quite different. Malleus Fatuorum 20:06, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
* You're right about the "incapable" and wrong about "civilized". I remember I tried to reason with you during the entire FAC ordeal, and even later I tried to maitain good relations with you. But once you freaked out soley because I awarded Dank and called me a "dickhead" I lost my will to acchieve some understanding. I believe now you'll make an ironic remark. --Lecen (talk) 20:18, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
* I don't need to be taught anything about the English language by someone like yourself. Malleus Fatuorum 20:31, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
Improper synthesis?
Unfortunately, this article no longer appears to meet featured article criterion 1c. The source placed next to the material in dispute does not support the claim that Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil, is known in English as Alphonso. A source that states that this particular Afonso is called Alphonso is needed.
Secondly, the material removed is supported by sources. There is no valid reason to remove fully-sourced material in order to replace it with poorly-sourced synthesized original research. It is clear that the fully-sourced material is superior. DrKiernan (talk) 19:12, 22 October 2011 (UTC)
* Unless I'm mistaken, the source is an English writer using "Alphonse". It does not matter that the book appeared in Portuguese (which uses entirely different spellings). The material removed was improperly placed in the lead, which is a summary of material appearing in the article body. If anything, the added material violated FAC criterion 2a. • Astynax talk 19:38, 22 October 2011 (UTC)
* On the first point, the source does not mention Prince Afonso at any point anywhere. On the second point, see Manual of Style/Lead section. DrKiernan (talk) 19:45, 22 October 2011 (UTC)
I do not know if the objective of user Kiernan is to improve this article or to remove its featured status. It is not alleged in the text that the Prince is known as "Alphonso" in English; the reference is used just to indicate the correct version of his name in English, that's all. Maybe we need a little more conversation here. Tonyjeff (talk) 00:48, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
* Why do we have a reference about the 'correct' spelling of his name, is the way he spells it incorrect? This should not be an issue, this article should not have the english spelling version in it.Millertime246 (talk) 00:59, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
* "... the reference is used just to indicate the correct version of his name in English, that's all." You are indeed correct, Tonyjeff. --Lecen (talk) 01:03, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
* Obviously, it is to improve the article. That is what I've been trying to do all along. His name is not translated as Alphonso. It is not "the correct version of his name in English". If an alternate version of his name is to be included in the article, although it need not be, it should be the version included in reliable sources: Alfonso. DrKiernan (talk) 07:52, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
Article protected for a week
* The article is protected for a week. You guys all seem to be experienced editors, so it shouldn't be too hard to come with something that everyone agrees on. Just remember that Wikipedia is supposed to represent all significant points of view found in reliable sources, not just your preferred point of view. Betty Logan (talk) 02:20, 24 October 2011 (UTC)
Revert
I've reverted back to the last stable revision before any of the edit-warring began, which is what should have happened in the first place. It will be less stressful and combative if edits that are likely to be contested are discussed on talk before they are made. DrKiernan (talk) 19:37, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
* I really think it is non-sense. We are disputing about an additional information which has been referenced by valid sources (those inserted by user Lecen). "Alphonso" is, indeed, a valid translation for "Afonso" (for sure, "Alfonso" is not), so why destroy the history of the article with a meaningless dispute? Tonyjeff (talk) 02:02, 24 October 2011 (UTC)
* See Manual of Style/Lead section. We only add archaic names (such as Affonso, which was the original spelling of his name) or relevant foreign-language names. We don't add English "translations". The point of adding alternative names to the lead is to present the reader with other terms for that specific individual that have been used by reliable sources talking about that specific individual. This presents relevant information to the reader and provides alternative names that can be used in searches. The addition of "Alphonso" is pointless and unnecessary because his name is Afonso (or Affonso) not Alphonso. "Alphonso" is never used. At best, it is trivia. At worst, it is misinformation because readers can be misled into thinking that it was a name used by him or in the literature. DrKiernan (talk) 07:27, 24 October 2011 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 110 Part 3.djvu/37
PUBLIC LAW 104-188—AUG. 20, 1996 110 STAT. 1767 "(i) such requirement shall not be construed as requiring the practice to have continued for more than 10 years, and "(ii) a practice shall not fail to be treated as longstanding merely because such practice began after 1978. "(3) AVAILABILITY OF SAFE HARBORS.— Nothing in this section shall be construed to provide that subsection (a) only applies where the individual involved is otherwise an employee of the taxpayer. "(4) BURDEN OF PROOF. — " (A) IN GENERAL. — If— "(i) a taxpayer establishes a prima facie case that it was reasonable not to treat an individual as an employee for purposes of this section, and "(ii) the taxpayer has fully cooperated with reasonable requests from the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate, then the burden of proof with respect to such treatment shall be on the Secretary. "(B) EXCEPTION FOR OTHER REASONABLE BASIS.—In the case of any issue involving whether the taxpayer had a reasonable basis not to treat an individual as an employee for purposes of this section, subparagraph (A) shall only apply for purposes of determining whether the taxpayer meets the requirements of subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of subsection (a)(2). "(5) PRESERVATION OF PRIOR PERIOD SAFE HARBOR. —If— "(A) an individual would (but for the treatment referred to in subparagraph (B)) be deemed not to be an employee of the taxpayer under subsection (a) for any prior period, and "(B) such individual is treated by the taxpayer as an employee for employment tax purposes for any subsequent period, then, for purposes of applying such taxes for such prior period with respect to the taxpayer, the individual shall be deemed not to be an employee. "(6) SUBSTANTIALLY SIMILAR POSITION. —For purposes of this section, the determination as to whether an individual holds a position substantially similar to a position held by Einother individual shall include consideration of the relationship between the taxpayer and such individuals.", (b) EFFECTIVE DATES. — 26 USC 3401 (1) IN GENERAI^. — The amendment made by this section note. shall apply to periods after December 31, 1996. (2) NOTICE BY INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. — Section 530(e)(1) of the Revenue Act of 1978 (as added by subsection (a)) shall apply to audits which commence after December 31, 1996. (3) BURDEN OF PROOF.— (A) IN GENERAL.— Section 530(e)(4) of the Revenue Act of 1978 (as added by subsection (a)) shall apply to disputes involving periods after December 31, 1996. (B) No INFERENCE.—Nothing in the amendments made by this section shall be construed to infer the proper treat-
� | WIKI |
Nine Ways to Teach Election 2016 in the E.L.L. Classroom
As we head into the final month of this unpredictable, unprecedented presidential election, news about the candidates and their campaigns will be everywhere. We invite you to use the news to help your English-language learners understand the United States’ system of government, develop critical thinking skills and acquire greater English proficiency via any or all of the suggestions below. They are loosely designed to be done in order, but they can also stand on their own as individual lessons. And for many more ideas and resources, check out: • The Learning Network’s full collection of materials found on Election 2016: Our Teaching and Learning Homepage • Our list of Great Free Resources for Teaching Election 2016 • The New York Times Politics Page, with the latest articles, photos, videos and interactives. _________ Craft Biographical Essays for Each Candidate A good place to start teaching this election is to ask students: What do they already know — or think they know — about the backgrounds of the two major candidates running for president in the 2016 election? Students can write a few ideas on paper or share them with a partner, and then have a quick share-out with the class. Next, students can conduct research so they can write a short biographical essay about one or both major candidates. Students can use Scholastic’s “Meet the Candidates” feature to gather basic information. To go deeper, they can use the resources suggested in the Learning Network’s Election Unit, such as the BBC News profiles of Hillary Clinton and Donald J. Trump. Students can take notes using this graphic organizer (PDF). Or they can use this planning sheet in conjunction with ReadWriteThink’s Bio Cube interactive. Once they are ready to write their essay, they can read this as a model. _________ Research What the Candidates Believe Explain to students that they are going to research where Mrs. Clinton and Mr. Trump stand on important issues. Assign half the class to the Clinton campaign and half to the Trump campaign. Providing students with the power of choice is very motivating so, ideally, students could have some role in deciding which candidate they “get.” There just should be an equal number of students assigned to each campaign. The Learning Network’s Election Unit lists a variety of websites that provide side-by-side comparisons of what positions the candidates support, such as ProCon and The Washington Post. Tell students that they are going to choose three issues in which they have the most interest and — in their own words (this should be emphasized) — summarize the position of “their” candidate on this graphic organizer (PDF). Students should stick to the facts and not write whether they agree with the candidate; they will get to do that in a later lesson. Explain that they are ultimately going to have to teach what they learned to a partner. Next, students should be divided into groups of three or four with other students who have also researched the same candidate. Each student should share what he or she wrote and make improvements based on what was learned from the other students in the group. Finally, pair “Trump” students with “Clinton” students and ask them to take turns teaching their partner what they learned about their candidate’s positions. _________ Analyze Campaign Photos Using Bloom’s Taxonomy Students will be shown a photo (or two or three) from each of the Times slide shows about Mrs. Clinton and Mr. Trump (or other images found in this collection) and answer several questions about each one. In an exercise borrowed from one developed by Learn North Carolina, students will then answer these questions that use Bloom’s taxonomy to move students from basic knowledge to more sophisticated evaluation: 1. Knowledge: What items or people can you name with the vocabulary you know? 2. Comprehension: What is happening in the photo? 3. Application: What is a one-sentence caption you could write about the photo? 4. Synthesis: What do you think the person or people in the photo are thinking? 5. Evaluate: If the only thing someone knew about this person was this photo, do you think he or she would like or dislike that person? Why? Students can share their answers in pairs after each question, followed by one or two being called on to tell the entire class what they wrote and why they wrote it. _________ Consider Political Advertisements Choose two television or video ads — one from each campaign or from a group sympathetic to the candidate — to show to the class. Here are possible choices: Pro-Trump commercials: “The Enemy,” “Two Americas: Immigration,” “It Takes Two” and “The Difference” Pro-Clinton commercials: “Absolutely,” “Dante,” “Presidential” and “Role Models” Then provide this Learning Network television commercial analysis chart or Frank Baker’s political ad analysis work sheet. Be sure to review whichever handout you decide to use with students to make sure it is a good fit for the commercial you’ll need to show multiple times as students fill in the chart. (You might also want to add another column titled “New Words” where students can list English words that are new to them.) Afterward, students can use the information they have learned about the candidates to create their own political ad, either as skits performed in English in front of the class or as videos. This Learning Network Storyboard organizer is designed to interpret a newspaper article, but it can easily be modified for students to use and map out their commercial with images and text. It would be best to have a mix of both Clinton and Trump ads. If there are local candidates in your community or local questions on the ballot, students could even do further research and make their own commercials about them. _________ Share Student Hopes, Fears and Frustrations The Times asked voters to share either their hopes for their lives or their fears or frustrations for this interactive. In other words, what would they like the candidates to hear. Students can complete similar sentence frames: I would like the candidates to know that my hope is _____________________________________ and I would like them to do ___________________________________________ to help my hope come true. I would like the candidates to know that I worry about __________________________________ and I would like them to do __________________________________________________ to help. _________ Write Compare and Contrast Essays on Immigration Students can practice writing compare-and-contrast essays using the topic of immigration, a central issue in this year’s election. Below are two different possible assignments: comparing walls from history and comparing the candidates’ immigration plans. Option one is intended for E.L.L. students with less language proficiency, and the other is intended for students who have more advanced English proficiency. Students using either option could first use this Venn diagram to plan their essay and then, if individual computers are available, could use this ReadWriteThink interactive to plan it further (they should put a check mark next to “Similarities-to-Differences” at the ReadWriteThink site). Students could also be shown these two compare-contrast essays as models. Option One: Comparing Mr. Trump’s Wall With a Wall From History Students could revisit what they learned about Mr. Trump’s plans for a wall in the “Researching What the Candidates Believe” activity above. Next, have students go to the Times interactive “What History Teaches Us About Walls.” Students should review the different walls described there and choose one to compare and contrast with the wall Mr. Trump wants to build. After using the graphic organizers for taking notes and reviewing one or both of the essay models, students can write their essay. In their final paragraph they should say if they think building walls between people and/or countries is a good idea or not. Their final sentence could use this sentence frame: Based on what I learned comparing these two walls, I think building walls between countries and people (is/is not) a good idea because _____________________________________________. Option Two: Comparing Mr. Trump’s Immigration Plans With Mrs. Clinton’s Plans Students can go to the Times article “What Would It Take for Donald Trump to Deport 11 Million and Build a Wall” and take notes on Mr. Trump’s plans for immigrants. They can then go to the Times article “A Path to Citizenship, Hillary Clinton Says, ‘Is at Its Heart a Family Issue’ ” and take notes on her plans. Student can use the graphic organizers to organize their notes, and then write an essay using one of the models. Their final paragraph should use this sentence frame: Based on what I learned comparing the immigration positions of the two candidates, I support the position of (Mr. Trump/Mrs. Clinton) because ____________________________________. Finally, students might use what they learned to join The Learning Network’s Civil Conversation Challenge on the topic of immigration by posting their own positions, or by replying to the thoughts of others. _________ Take a Position Now that students have done research on both candidates, it is time for them to decide which one they support, if any. Students will write a one-paragraph response to this question: Which candidate do you think would be a better president? Students will use the “ABC” format to respond: · Answer the question. · Back it up with evidence (a quotation from something they have read, seen or heard about the candidate). · Make a Comment or Connection, possibly to a previous experience or a previous text they have read. Or they can simply choose to elaborate on why they made their choice. You can access models for these types of paragraphs at previous Learning Network posts for E.L.L. students. Showing a model could be helpful to students using this format for the first time. Students also have the option to say they don’t support either candidate as long as they use the same writing frame to support their position. After students have written their paragraphs, they can share their paragraphs, both orally and in writing, with a partner for peer review. Their partner can check to see if they followed the ABC format correctly. After revisions are made, students can break into groups of four or five to read their paragraphs to each other. _________ Have A Final Vote End your election “unit” by having a model election. Have students write down on a sheet of paper who they would vote for, making sure that they showed no one else what they wrote down. Have them fold the paper, collect the ballots in a hat or other container, and have two students count them and announce the vote totals. _________ And finally... Here is an extra activity to do with your class if you like. Reflect on Being First Show students this Times interactive of “political firsts” by women and minorities. Then ask students to take a moment to think about whether they would like to be the “first person” (first from their family, first from their school, first from their neighborhood, etc.) to do something (it doesn’t have to be limited to the political arena). Ask students to complete this sentence frame: I would like to be the first from my ___________________________ to __________________ because ______________________________________________. Have students use their sentence to create a poster that they illustrate, share with the class and tape to the classroom walls. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Rob Daum
Robert "Rob" Daum (born January 19, 1958) is a Canadian ice hockey coach. He is currently the head coach for EC GRAND Immo VSV of the Austrian ICE Hockey League.
Career
A 1983 graduate of the University of Alberta, Daum coached at the junior level in Alberta and Saskatchewan and was the head coach of the Nipawin Hawks in the 1980s, before working in different positions (head coach, assistant coach, general manager) for three teams of the Western Hockey League from 1989 to 1995.
In 1995, Daum was named head coach of the University of Alberta men's ice hockey team. During his 10-year-tenure, he guided the Bears to three national championships and was named CIS Coach of the Year twice. Under Daum's tutelage, UAlberta also captured six Canada West championships, Daum was named Canada West Coach of the Year five times. He compiled an overall record of 345-81-32 (.788), and a 218-37-25 (.823) career Canada West record.
Daum was named head coach of the Houston Aeros of the American Hockey League (AHL) in August 2005. He parted ways with the team after two years.
During the 2007–08 NHL season, he was an assistant coach with the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League, before serving as pro scout for the Oilers. In February 2009, he took over the head coaching job with Oilers' AHL affiliate Springfield Falcons, remaining in that job until the end of the 2009–10 season.
Daum accepted the head coaching job at EHC Linz of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL) in 2011, guiding the team to the EBEL title his first year. He also led the Black Wings to EBEL semifinal appearances in 2014, 2015 and 2016. Daum parted ways with the Linz team at the conclusion of the 2016–17 season. On October 12, 2017, he took over the head coaching position with the Iserlohn Roosters of the German elite league DEL, replacing Jari Pasanen who had been sacked.
National team coaching
He guided Team Canada to a bronze medal at the 2003 University Games in Italy.
Daum also served as an assistant coach with Team Austria, and was with the team at the 2012, 2013 and 2014 IIHF World Championships, and at the 2014 Winter Olympics. | WIKI |
Elite New York High Schools to Offer 1 in 5 Slots to Those Below Cutoff
Samuel Cole took the specialized high school test, only to miss the cutoff for his chosen school by more than 30 points. But he is getting another chance through a summer program that places a limited number of students from disadvantaged backgrounds at the city’s eight specialized high schools that give the exam, including Stuyvesant High School and the Bronx High School of Science. Now, New York City is expanding this alternative admissions process — known as the Discovery program — as a way to increase the diversity of the specialized high schools, where black and Hispanic students are underrepresented. Though the effort has received less attention than the mayor’s ambitious proposal to get rid of the test entirely, it has an advantage because — unlike eliminating the test — it does not require the approval of the State Legislature. [What is the SHSAT, and why is it so controversial?] By 2020, 20 percent of the ninth-grade seats in every specialized high school will be set aside for Discovery students, according to city education officials. Currently, only 5 percent of the 4,000 ninth-grade seats are filled through Discovery. And who makes it into the program will also change. Students are currently eligible if they meet the city Education Department’s criteria for being disadvantaged. But under the new plan, only students who attended high-poverty middle schools will be accepted. Changing to high-poverty schools means that those accepted will be more likely to be black or Hispanic, since they dominate at those schools. With these changes, city education officials project that 16 percent of the students admitted to the specialized high schools will be black and Hispanic, up from 9 percent now. The changes will be phased in over two years beginning next summer, and are expected to cost $550,000, according to city estimates. The expansion of the Discovery program has drawn support from many parents, teachers and even some alumni of the specialized high schools who say it is a better way to achieve diversity than eliminating the admissions test. “Done correctly, Discovery is absolutely the solution,” said Soo Kim, the president of the Stuyvesant High School Alumni Association. In fact, Larry Cary, a labor lawyer who is the president of the Brooklyn Tech Alumni Foundation, said his group began calling for the changes to the Discovery program two years ago because it was still primarily bringing in students who were white and Asian. “It was not doing the job Discovery was intended to do,” he said. “It wasn’t loading more black and Hispanic students at the schools.” But expanding Discovery has also raised concerns that it could send students to the specialized schools who are unprepared for the accelerated academics and high-stress environments. “It doesn’t pay attention to the needs of the student,” said Stanley Blumenstein, a 1963 graduate of Bronx Science who served as the school’s principal from 1994 to 2000. “It’s strictly a political decision. It is a non-color-blind decision, which is antithetical to the merit-based admissions, which the founding fathers established.” The Discovery program was included in the 1971 state law that mandated the test-based admissions system for the specialized high schools. It was intended to give disadvantaged students who had just missed the schools’ cutoff scores an alternative way to show that they had what it took to succeed. The cutoff scores fluctuate every year. This year, getting into Stuyvesant, the most competitive of the schools, required at least a score of 559; the Brooklyn Latin School, the easiest to get into, accepted students who scored 482 or above. Students selected for this summer’s Discovery program had scores ranging from 469 to 481, according to the city Education Department. For Stuyvesant, that meant students fell at least 78 points below the school’s cutoff. At all of the specialized schools, there are about 4,000 seats. The schools currently admit about 5,000 students, allowing for the fact that some students will accept an offer at another city school, move away or go to private school. The schools expect to fill some seats from the Discovery program and can take more if they end up with empty seats. As they expand to the full 20 percent, the schools will have to cut back on their initial offers. Mr. Blumenstein recalled that when he was principal of Bronx Science, the Discovery students typically fell just short of the school’s cutoff score, and might have been admitted to another specialized school. They were essentially trading up to their top choice. “We always felt we weren’t lowering standards,” he said. “We were just giving an opportunity to students who maybe missed one question because statistically if you are under the cutoff by three or four points, it’s not much different than just being over it by three or four points.” However, the program fell out of favor in later years, especially after the city began limiting the program to students who were not admitted to any of the specialized schools, according to some educators and alumni. By 2015, Stuyvesant, Bronx Science and the High School of American Studies at Lehman College no longer accepted Discovery students. City education officials refocused on the Discovery program in 2016, as part of a citywide push to increase diversity in the schools. They expanded the program at Brooklyn Technical High School and restored the one at the High School of American Studies, which had ended Discovery because it worried about overcrowded classrooms. Alessandro Weiss, the principal at the High School of American Studies, said “the decline in the diversity of our student body was an issue of greater importance to us than the increase in our enrollment, and we brought back the program.” Last year, it was reinstated at Bronx Science, and this summer at Stuyvesant. The Education Department selects Discovery students for a specific school, based on their scores and how they ranked the schools in their application. Each school then runs its own program and has the option not to accept individual students at the end if, for instance, they did not complete the work or had spotty attendance. In total, 270 students attended Discovery this summer, up from 147 in 2015. At the Stuyvesant program, 23 students took three weeks of classes in math, literacy and biology, and were assessed by teachers and received individual feedback, though they did not take tests or receive grades because the “focus was on content mastery, not on test preparation,” said Eric Contreras, Stuyvesant High School’s principal. They also worked daily with a guidance counselor on social and emotional skills, including learning to advocate for themselves. At the end, all the students were accepted. Jonathan Taylor, a research analyst at Hunter College, said there is evidence to support the city’s expansion of the Discovery program. He tracked 35 students who were admitted to Brooklyn Tech in 2014 through the program. Their average grade point average was 86.6 in ninth grade, compared with 86.7 for the students who had originally scored high enough on the SHSAT — some of whom had test scores that were 200 points higher. At the High School for Mathematics, Science and Engineering in Harlem, Samuel was one of 13 students in this summer’s Discovery program. Ten of them, including Samuel, were black or Hispanic. Crystal Bonds, the principal, said the program not only allows the school to assess the students, but also gives the students a taste of the school culture to see whether it is a good fit. The English class runs a full 90 minutes, as it does in the school year. Homework is assigned. Quizzes are given. Sean Dolcy, an assistant principal who oversees the program, said the school plans to take all the Discovery students this year. Previous Discovery students have gone on to the top of their classes. A few have struggled, but not one has been unable to handle the work, he said. Even after the summer, the school continues to support Discovery students, including holding monthly meetings for them to come together. Samuel, 13, whose family is from Jamaica, said he did not feel less prepared than future classmates who scored higher. “It’s not like a humongous difference,” he said. “We’re not inferior.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Southern Historical Society Papers volume 21.djvu/132
124 Southern Historical Society Papers.
while G. W. Smith's corps should advance on the Nine Mile road, and turn the left of Heintzelman and Keyes if Sumner should not have arrived, or engage and prevent the junction of his with the other corps, if he should cross. Longstreet and Hill were in position to attack at an early hour, but waited till ten o'clock for the arrival of Huger, whose division, except two regiments of Rodes (which created a diversion by vigorous attack on the right), did not arrive in time to participate in the action. Our failure to destroy an enemy who, by a concerted movement in the forenoon, would have been utterly routed and driven from the field or captured, was, as is uni- versally conceded, one of the most palpable blunders of the war, but the question, upon whose shoulders the blame rests, still confronts us. No engagement of the war has given rise to more acrimonious censure and crimination than Seven Pines. Mr. Davis, General Johnston, General Longstreet, General Smith, and General Huger have, each in turn, discussed the conduct of both the active and passive leaders of that memorable day.
The future historians who shall make up for posterity their verdict upon the controverted points as to the battle of Seven Pines, will find one fact admitted by all of the disputants : that D. H. Hill was the hero of the occasion, and with his own gallant division, aided by two of Longstreet' s brigades, drove the enemy in confusion from the breastworks and turned their own guns upon them as they retreated. Longstreet, who was in command on the right, generously said in his report : " The conduct of the attack was left entirely to Major- General Hill. The success of the affair is sufficient evidence of his ability, courage and skill.' ' Commenting upon the language of Long- street, President Davis said : " This tribute to General Hill was no more than has been accorded to him by others who knew of his ser- vices on that day, and was in keeping with the determined courage, vigilance and daring exhibited by him on other fields."
General Johnston's language was not less unequivocal in accord- ing to Hill the credit of making a very gallant and the only success- ful attack upon the enemy's works, when he said in his report : " The principal attack was made by Major- General Longstreet with his own and Major-General D. H. Hill's division the latter mostly in ad- vance. Hill's brave troops, admirably commanded and most gal- lantly led, forced their way through the abattis which formed the enemy's external defences and stormed their entrenchments by a | WIKI |
User:Dr. Hadeel Jaffer Ali Mohamed Gashi/sandbox
Dr. Hadeel was born on the 9th of June in Qatar, then she spent the early life in Doha a lot of speculation is surrounding her early student life she and her family manage to keep it a secret blessing her early life with a great sense of privacy while growing up in Qatar. Only known to be considered one of the elite graduates of Elrazi university in 2012 after five years of studying medicine and getting the required training. Moreover, she joined a scientific expedition to Dongla in the north of Sudan to learn more about medicine and Sudan as well. After the internship where she served in the different hospitals including but not limited to Khartoum hospital and Alakademi hospital then in 2015 she moved to Qatar.
As she was providing top-notch medical service in Doha where she started her career as a medical officer in Hamad Medical Corporation for one year. February 2018 was a turning point in her life when she successfully secured a place and enrolled in a training scheme to become a psychiatrist by 2022 in pursuit of her dream and raise the standards bar for her female fellows even furthermore as one of the few female graduates from Elrazi university to get into one of the toughest specialty in medicine. Now Dr. Hadeel is considered to be the shining example for all the female medical graduates from Elrazi university and soon to be one of the pillars for the Psychiatric department in Hamad Medical Corporation and even to spearhead it soon enough. | WIKI |
Harry Simpson
Harry Leon "Suitcase" Simpson (December 3, 1925 – April 3, 1979) was an American outfielder and first baseman in Major League Baseball who played for the Cleveland Indians, Kansas City Athletics, New York Yankees, Chicago White Sox, and Pittsburgh Pirates in his eight-year career. He played in the World Series with the New York Yankees in 1957, which they lost.
Career
Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Simpson began his professional career with the Philadelphia Stars of the Negro National League, where he played from 1946 to 1948. Simpson became one of the earliest black players in the American League, playing first with the Cleveland Indians in 1951. Casey Stengel once called him the best defensive right fielder in the American League.
That his nickname of "Suitcase" came from his being frequently traded during his playing career is a common misconception. According to the 1951 Cleveland Indians Sketch Book, he was called "Suitcase" by sportswriters after the Toonerville Folks character, Suitcase Simpson, because of his size 13 shoe with feet as large as suitcases. This is years before his many trades. His real nickname was "Goody", which came from his willingness to run errands and help neighbors in his hometown of Dalton, Georgia.
In 888 games over eight seasons, Simpson compiled a .266 batting average (752-for-2829) with 101 doubles, 41 triples, 73 home runs, 381 RBI, 271 base on balls, .331 on-base percentage and .408 slugging percentage. He finished his career with a .984 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions and first base. In the 1957 World Series, he batted .083 (1-for-12) with 1 RBI.
Simpson died in Akron, Ohio in 1979 at age 53. He is buried in West Hill Cemetery in Dalton, Georgia, where a section of the cemetery and the road leading to that section are named in his honor. | WIKI |
Template talk:Did you know nominations/Source-Message-Channel-Receiver model of communication
Hook modifications
GalliumBot (talk • contribs) (he/it) 10:25, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
* ... that according to David Berlo's Source-Message-Channel-Receiver model, all forms of communication are attempts to influence the behavior of the audience? [2023-08-08 at 10:06:00, by ]
* ... that according to the Source-Message-Channel-Receiver model, all forms of communication are attempts to influence the behavior of the audience? [2023-08-08 at 10:06:21, by ] | WIKI |
How to display success message in codeigniter?
Member
by lucile , in category: PHP , 2 years ago
How to display success message in codeigniter?
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2 answers
by dmitrypro77 , 2 years ago
@lucile You can use set_flashdata() in Codeigniter to display a success message, here is code:
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$this->load->library('session');
$this->session->set_flashdata('success', 'Your Success Mesages');
by cameron.mccullough , a year ago
@lucile
In CodeIgniter, you can display a success message to the user by using the Flashdata library. Flashdata is a session variable that is available only until the next request and is useful for displaying one-time messages such as success or error messages.
Here's an example of how to set and display a success message in CodeIgniter:
In your controller, after the successful action, set the flashdata with the success message:
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$this->session->set_flashdata('success', 'The action was successful.');
In your view, check if the flashdata exists for the 'success' key and display the message accordingly:
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<?php if($this->session->flashdata('success')): ?>
<div class="alert alert-success"><?php echo $this->session->flashdata('success'); ?></div>
<?php endif; ?>
This will display a success message if the flashdata exists for the 'success' key. Make sure to load the session library in your controller before using flashdata:
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$this->load->library('session');
That's it! You can use this approach to display success messages or any other one-time messages to the user. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
3 Reopening Tech Stocks to Buy in August
Many tech stocks rallied last year as the pandemic generated tailwinds for the cloud, gaming, e-commerce, and remote work markets. However, many of those stocks fell out of favor this year as investors pivoted toward reopening plays that would benefit from rising vaccination rates.
Investors might initially search for reopening stocks in the pandemic-battered retail, travel, auto, and industrial sectors, but three tech sector stocks -- Match Group (NASDAQ: MTCH), Square (NYSE: SQ), and Accenture (NYSE: ACN) -- should also benefit from the same reopening trends.
Image source: Getty Images.
1. Match Group
Match, the online dating giant that owns Tinder and other popular dating apps, experienced a slowdown during the pandemic as more people stayed at home. Its revenue rose 17% in 2020, compared to 19% growth in 2019, but analysts expect 21% growth this year as people start to date again.
During last quarter's conference call, Match CEO Shar Dubey noted that the world still needed to deal with COVID-19 "for a little while longer," but people were still consistently turning to its apps for "conversations, flirtations, first video dates, real-life dates." Dubey also noted Tinder's subscriber additions in the second quarter "were among some of the highest we've ever seen."
Tinder's direct revenue (from paid subscriptions and a la carte services) rose 26% year-over-year in the second quarter, accelerating from its 18% growth in the first quarter and 15% growth a year earlier. On a year-over-year basis, Tinder's daily average swipes rose 13%, its daily average messages increased by 12%, and its conversations were 38% longer.
Those rising engagement rates, along with new features like Explore for meeting members with similar interests, should generate fresh tailwinds for Tinder as the pandemic ends. The growth of Azar and Hakuna Live, two social networking apps it gained from its purchase of Hyperconnect in South Korea, will also expand its non-Tinder portfolio and bring fresh video, audio, and AI features to its other apps.
Match's stock has risen about 20% over the past 12 months, and it trades at nearly 50 times forward earnings. That price-to-earnings ratio is a bit high, but the pent-up demand for in-person dates could justify that slight premium.
2. Square
Square might initially seem like a pandemic stock, since its revenue rose 101% in 2020 and its stock has nearly doubled over the past 12 months. However, Square's seller-oriented business, which processes payments and provides other merchant services, actually suffered a slowdown as smaller businesses closed down.
Image source: Square.
Square's revenue more than doubled only because its Cash App users bought more bitcoin (CRYPTO: BTC). Excluding bitcoin, Square's revenue would only have risen 17% last year.
Square's Bitcoin sales boosted its revenue, but generated lower margins than its transaction-based and seller businesses. As a result, Square's gross margin (excluding its divestment of the food delivery platform Caviar) fell from 40.5% in 2019 to 28.8% in 2020.
Therefore, Square's gross margins should expand again as more businesses reopen and use its higher-margin transaction-based and seller services. That stabilization should reduce Square's overall dependence on bitcoin, which generated nearly half its revenue last year but remains a volatile and unpredictable growth engine as its prices fluctuate from month to month.
Square's stock isn't cheap at about 130 times forward earnings, but its robust growth rates, its Cash App's expanding ecosystem, and its planned takeover of Afterpay (OTC: AFTP.F) to dominate the "buy now, pay later" space all support its premium valuation.
3. Accenture
Accenture, a diversified IT services giant that serves a wide range of industries, remained resilient throughout the pandemic. Its revenue rose 3% in 2020, as robust demand from its health and public services sector largely offset the pandemic-related disruptions across its other sectors.
Accenture's other four major sectors (communications, media, and tech; financial services; products; and resources) gradually recovered in the first half of 2021 as its health and public services revenue rose.
By the third quarter, all five of its main sectors were growing year-over-year again, and its total revenue increased 11% year-over-year in the first nine months of the year. For the full year, it expects its revenue to rise 10%-11% in constant currency terms, and for its EPS to grow 15%-16%.
As vaccination rates rise and more businesses reopen, more companies will likely hire Accenture's professionals to upgrade their cloud services, install cybersecurity software, and launch digital transformation projects for their websites and mobile apps. Companies that need to cut costs in a post-pandemic market could also outsource more jobs to Accenture's remote and overseas employees.
Accenture's stock rose about 40% over the past 12 months, and it might seem expensive at over 30 times forward earnings. But Accenture's well-diversified, evergreen business -- which withstood the pandemic and could grow even faster as the crisis ends -- arguably deserves that higher valuation.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:ILife
=Introduction= Welcome to the Discussion page for the Mac OS X Tiger Wikibook! This page is divided into two main sections: the first is a guidelines section for outlining how to write this wikibook, and the second is a discussion section for discussing the guidelines and the wikibook itself.
=Guidelines=
Who is this book Designed for?
This book is designed for users with users with moderate computer experience. Assume that they know everything about the Tiger desktop and the Finder, and they know the general purpose of everything in the Mac OS X (e.g. they understand the concept of "System Preferences", even if they don't actually know what all of the controls do).
Detail
Make sure this wikibook covers every detail of iLife: don't over-simplify.
Priorities
Applications should be written about in this order:
* 1) iTunes
* 2) iPhoto
* 3) iMovie
* 4) GarageBand
* 5) iDVD
* 6) iWeb
Chapter Labels
Chapters are labeled according to how far along they are:
* Empty - The chapter has not yet been created.
* Sparse - The chapter has gaping holes and desperately needs more content.
* Developing - The chapter is coming along, but is still not good enough.
* Developed - The chapter needs more content and polish.
* Almost Complete - The chapter needs a final layer of polish, and needs screenshots added.
* Complete - The chapter is done. While you may edit it, please leave it largely the same.
Labels should be in [brackets].
In addition, an "Out of Date" label should be used on chapters that contain information pertaining to an older version of a piece of software. This label should be in {braces}
No Advertising!
It's legitimate and helpful to mention an application (freeware, shareware, open source, commercial, or otherwise), brand of hardware, or website, but this wikibook shouldn't be a platform for advertising, nor should any tutorial contained in it ever rely on a non-Apple product.
Book, Not Encyclopedia
Remember that this is a book, not an encyclopedia. Keep a casual tone. This book is supposed to be the iLife user's best friend, not a dry encyclopedia of information.
Screenshots
Put in color screenshots, product images, and diagrams in important places. Use them when necessary, but never frivolously, so the pages can load over a dial-up connection. Also make sure the screenshots do not show any "haxies", themes, etc. Screenshots should be taken only in Mac OS X Tiger. Keep the screens uncluttered and familiar to the average user (for instance, use bundled Apple wallpaper, don't over-customise toolbars, and don't show any alternative icons). Also, when talking about a window or a menu, the screenshot should not include anything else.
Screenshots should be centered except when absolutely necessary, always appear as thumbnails, and be labeled in this format: "Fig 1. Here is a caption, which is relativly dry and does not contain instructions."
Tables
Tables should be used whenever appropriate.
* Table width should be set to 600px
* The border should be set to 0
* Cell Padding should be set to 3
* Cells should be either 4D804D (dark green) or B5E3B5 (light green)
* Tables should be labeled in this fashion "Table 1. This is a simple caption."
Info Boxes
Use Info Boxes whenever they make sense. Use the following templates:
=Discussion= Use this section to discuss the above guidelines.
Remember that English language Wikibooks are read by English speakers the world over, not just in America. For many, English might also not be their first language. Refrain therefore from "americanizations" and watch your spelling. There's nothing more confusing (or annoying in some cases) for Europeans than to see text full of unnecessary zzzzzz's! | WIKI |
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
Tipo di prodottoArticolo in rivista
TitoloAnalytical Investigation of Two Benchmark Resource Allocation Algorithms for LTE-V2V
Anno di pubblicazione2019
Formato
• Elettronico
• Cartaceo
Autore/iAlessandro Bazzi; Alberto Zanella; Giammarco Cecchini; Barbara M. Masini
Affiliazioni autoriCNR-IEIIT; CNR-IEIIT; CNR-IEIIT; CNR-IEIIT
Autori CNR e affiliazioni
• GIAMMARCO CECCHINI
• ALBERTO ZANELLA
• ALESSANDRO BAZZI
• BARBARA MAVI' MASINI
Lingua/e
• inglese
AbstractShort-range wireless technologies will enable vehicles to communicate and coordinate their actions, thus improving people's safety and traffic efficiency. Whereas IEEE 802.11p (and related standards) had been the only practical solution for years, in 2016 a new option was introduced with Release of 14 long-term evolution (LTE), which includes new features to enable direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. LTE-V2V promises a more efficient use of the channel compared to IEEE 802.11p, thanks to an improved PHY layer and the use of orthogonal resources at the MAC layer. In LTE-V2V, a key role is played by the resource allocation algorithm and increasing efforts are being made to design new solutions to optimize the spatial reuse. In this context, an important aspect still little studied, is therefore that of identifying references that allow, first, to have a perception of the space in which the resource allocation algorithms move and, second, to verify the performance of new proposals. In this paper, we focus on a highway scenario and identify two algorithms to be used as a minimum and maximum reference in terms of the packet reception probability (PRP). The PRP is derived as a function of various parameters that describe the scenario and settings, from the application to the physical layer. Results, obtained both in a simplified Poisson point process scenario and with realistic traffic traces, show that the PRP varies considerably with different algorithms and that there is room for the improvement of current solutions.
Lingua abstractinglese
Altro abstract-
Lingua altro abstract-
Pagine da5904
Pagine a5916
Pagine totali-
RivistaIEEE transactions on vehicular technology
Attiva dal 1967
Editore: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, - New York
Paese di pubblicazione: Stati Uniti d'America
Lingua: inglese
ISSN: 0018-9545
Titolo chiave: IEEE transactions on vehicular technology
Titolo proprio: IEEE transactions on vehicular technology.
Titolo abbreviato: IEEE trans. veh. technol.
Titoli alternativi:
• Transactions on vehicular technology
• Vehicular technology
Numero volume della rivista68
Fascicolo della rivista6
DOI10.1109/TVT.2019.2909438
Verificato da refereeSì: Internazionale
Stato della pubblicazionePublished version
Indicizzazione (in banche dati controllate)-
Parole chiaveConnected vehicles, cellular-V2V, LTE-V2V, cooperative awareness, resource allocation
Link (URL, URI)https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8681439
Titolo parallelo-
Data di accettazione-
Note/Altre informazioni-
Strutture CNR
• IEIIT — Istituto di elettronica e di ingegneria dell'informazione e delle telecomunicazioni
Moduli/Attività/Sottoprogetti CNR
• DIT.AD003.066.001 : V2X - Communication service and plug-test technology
Progetti Europei-
Allegati
Analytical Investigation of Two Benchmark Resource Allocation Algorithms for LTE-V2V (documento privato )
Descrizione: Accepted version
Tipo documento: application/pdf | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ohio State Gives Up All 12 Football Wins From Last Season for Rules Breach
Ohio State University vacated all 12
of its victories from the 2010 college football season,
including a win in the Sugar Bowl, because of rules violations
that already led to the departure of coach Jim Tressel . The school’s actions didn’t include a recommendation to ban
the Buckeyes from postseason play or reduce scholarships. They
came as part of a formal response to National Collegiate
Athletic Association charges received in April, the Columbus,
Ohio-based university said today in an e-mailed news release. Tressel resigned on May 30, almost six months after players
including quarterback Terrelle Pryor were suspended for selling
or trading uniforms and other memorabilia to the owner of a
tattoo parlor, following revelations that the coach knew about
the infractions and didn’t report them. Other measures officially taken today, many of which had
been previously announced, were the five-game suspensions for
five players involved in the violations; accepting Tressel’s
resignation; imposing a two-year probation; and enhancing the
school’s monitoring, education and compliance programs. “We are fully cooperating with the NCAA, and we look
forward to working together to bring a resolution to these
current matters,” Gene Smith, Ohio State’s athletic director,
said in the statement. “Throughout the entire process since we
discovered possible infractions, Ohio State has consistently
acted to investigate any allegation, self-report its findings to
the NCAA, communicate transparently about its findings, and take
necessary remediation steps.” 12-1 to 0-1 If the NCAA accepts the proposal, Ohio State’s record for
the 2010 season would be recorded as 0-1, with a 31-18 loss at
Wisconsin , Jeff Williams, a statistician with the national
association, said in an e-mail. The school and Tressel also jointly announced an agreement
under which he will change his previously announced resignation
to a retirement, which “resolves any issues arising out of
Tressel’s employment with Ohio State.” Tressel led the Buckeyes to the national championship after
the 2002 season. He originally was suspended by the school in
March for two games next season, then increased that ban himself
to five games before announcing he was leaving as coach. “I take full responsibility for my mistakes that have led
to the ongoing NCAA inquiry and to scrutiny and criticism of the
football program,” Tressel said in a statement. “I am grateful
for this opportunity to retire from the university that I so
deeply respect and that I will continue to support.” Ohio State went 12-1 last season, beating Arkansas 31-26 in
the Sugar Bowl. They also won their sixth straight Big Ten
Conference title and 35th overall, and beat rival Michigan 37-7. To contact the reporter on this story:
Mason Levinson in New York at
mlevinson@bloomberg.net . To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Michael Sillup at msillup@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Technology
Global Connection: Enabling Roaming On IPhone 12
global-connection-enabling-roaming-on-iphone-12
Understanding Roaming on iPhone 12
Roaming on iPhone 12 allows users to stay connected to cellular networks outside their home coverage area. When traveling internationally or to areas where their primary network provider does not have coverage, the iPhone 12 can connect to partner networks through roaming. This ensures that users can make calls, send messages, and access mobile data, providing a seamless communication experience while away from home.
Roaming on iPhone 12 is made possible through agreements between network operators, enabling users to access voice, text, and data services while outside their home network's coverage area. This feature is particularly beneficial for travelers, as it allows them to stay connected without the need for a local SIM card.
It's important to note that while roaming, users may encounter different network technologies and standards, which can impact the quality of service and data speeds. Additionally, roaming may incur additional charges, so it's essential for iPhone 12 users to understand their network provider's roaming policies and associated fees to avoid unexpected expenses.
In essence, understanding roaming on iPhone 12 involves recognizing its capability to connect to partner networks, enabling seamless communication and data access while traveling or in areas beyond the primary network's coverage. By being aware of the potential differences in network technologies and associated charges, users can make informed decisions when utilizing roaming on their iPhone 12.
Activating Roaming on iPhone 12
Activating roaming on the iPhone 12 is a straightforward process that empowers users to stay connected while traveling or when outside their home network's coverage area. To enable roaming on the iPhone 12, users can follow these simple steps:
1. Accessing Settings: Begin by unlocking the iPhone 12 and navigating to the "Settings" app, which is represented by a gear icon on the home screen.
2. Selecting Cellular: Within the Settings menu, locate and tap on "Cellular." This option allows users to manage their cellular network settings, including roaming.
3. Enabling Roaming: Under the Cellular menu, users will find the "Cellular Data Options" tab. Tapping on this tab reveals the "Roaming" option, which can be activated by toggling the switch to the "On" position.
4. Confirmation: Once roaming is enabled, a confirmation message may appear, informing users about potential charges for data usage while roaming. It's essential to review this information carefully to understand any associated fees.
By following these steps, users can activate roaming on their iPhone 12, ensuring that they can stay connected to cellular networks even when outside their home coverage area. It's important to note that while roaming, users may incur additional charges for voice, text, and data usage, depending on their network provider's policies.
Activating roaming on the iPhone 12 empowers users with the flexibility to maintain communication and access mobile data while traveling internationally or in areas where their primary network provider does not have coverage. This feature enhances the overall user experience, enabling seamless connectivity and ensuring that individuals can stay connected regardless of their location.
In summary, activating roaming on the iPhone 12 is a user-friendly process that enhances the device's capabilities, allowing users to stay connected and access essential services while on the go. By understanding how to enable roaming and being aware of potential charges, iPhone 12 users can make informed decisions and fully utilize the device's connectivity features.
Managing Roaming Settings on iPhone 12
Managing roaming settings on the iPhone 12 is essential for users who frequently travel or find themselves in areas where their primary network provider does not offer coverage. By effectively managing these settings, users can control their roaming preferences, monitor data usage, and optimize their connectivity experience. Here's a detailed look at the steps involved in managing roaming settings on the iPhone 12:
Accessing Roaming Settings
To manage roaming settings on the iPhone 12, users can start by accessing the "Settings" app from the home screen. Within the Settings menu, they should locate and tap on "Cellular," which provides access to various cellular network settings, including roaming options.
Roaming Options
Under the "Cellular" menu, users can find the "Cellular Data Options" tab, which houses the roaming settings. Tapping on this tab reveals the "Roaming" option, where users can customize their preferences for voice, data, and text usage while roaming. This includes the ability to enable or disable roaming based on individual needs and preferences.
Data Usage Monitoring
In addition to enabling or disabling roaming, the iPhone 12 allows users to monitor their data usage while roaming. Within the "Cellular Data Options" tab, users can view their data usage and set data usage limits to avoid excessive charges. This feature empowers users to stay informed about their roaming data consumption and take proactive measures to manage their usage effectively.
Carrier Settings Update
Managing roaming settings on the iPhone 12 also involves ensuring that carrier settings are up to date. Periodically checking for carrier updates can optimize the device's roaming capabilities and ensure compatibility with partner networks, enhancing the overall roaming experience.
International Roaming
For users traveling internationally, the iPhone 12 offers specific settings for international roaming. By accessing the "Roaming" options within the "Cellular Data Options" tab, users can customize their preferences for international roaming, including data usage, voice, and text messaging, based on their travel requirements.
By effectively managing roaming settings on the iPhone 12, users can tailor their connectivity experience to align with their specific needs and preferences. This level of control empowers users to stay connected while managing roaming costs and optimizing their overall communication and data usage, regardless of their location.
In summary, managing roaming settings on the iPhone 12 is a pivotal aspect of ensuring a seamless and cost-effective connectivity experience, particularly for users who frequently travel or find themselves in areas with limited network coverage. By leveraging the device's roaming settings, users can maintain control over their connectivity preferences and make informed decisions regarding their roaming usage.
Using Roaming Data on iPhone 12
Utilizing roaming data on the iPhone 12 empowers users to stay connected and access essential online services while traveling internationally or in areas where their primary network provider does not have coverage. When using roaming data, it's crucial for iPhone 12 users to be mindful of their data usage and understand the potential charges associated with roaming. Here's a detailed look at the process of using roaming data on the iPhone 12 and best practices to ensure a seamless and cost-effective experience.
Data Usage Awareness
When accessing roaming data on the iPhone 12, users should be conscious of their data consumption to avoid unexpected charges. Activities such as browsing the web, streaming media, and using data-intensive applications contribute to data usage. It's advisable for users to monitor their data usage regularly, which can be done through the device's settings. By staying informed about their data consumption, users can manage their usage effectively and prevent excessive charges while roaming.
Wi-Fi Connectivity
To minimize reliance on roaming data, iPhone 12 users can leverage Wi-Fi connectivity whenever available. Connecting to Wi-Fi networks, such as those in hotels, cafes, and public spaces, allows users to access the internet and utilize online services without consuming roaming data. Prioritizing Wi-Fi connectivity while traveling can significantly reduce the reliance on roaming data, offering a cost-effective alternative for accessing online content and staying connected.
Data-Saving Features
The iPhone 12 offers data-saving features that enable users to optimize their data usage, particularly while roaming. These features may include the ability to restrict background data usage, disable automatic app updates, and selectively enable data usage for specific applications. By leveraging these features, users can exercise greater control over their roaming data consumption, ensuring that data is utilized efficiently and cost-effectively.
Roaming Data Packages
Some network providers offer roaming data packages tailored for international travelers. These packages often provide a predetermined data allowance for a fixed fee, offering a cost-effective solution for accessing data while roaming. iPhone 12 users can inquire about such packages from their network provider before traveling, allowing them to make informed decisions and potentially reduce roaming data expenses.
Data Roaming Settings
The iPhone 12 allows users to customize their data roaming settings, enabling them to control when and how data is utilized while roaming. By accessing the device's settings, users can manage their data roaming preferences, including the ability to enable or disable data roaming based on their specific needs. This level of control empowers users to make conscious decisions regarding their data usage while roaming, aligning with their preferences and budget.
In essence, using roaming data on the iPhone 12 involves a combination of data usage awareness, leveraging Wi-Fi connectivity, optimizing data-saving features, exploring roaming data packages, and customizing data roaming settings. By adopting these best practices, iPhone 12 users can maximize their connectivity experience while traveling, ensuring that they stay connected and access essential online services in a cost-effective manner.
Roaming Charges and Considerations for iPhone 12
When utilizing roaming on the iPhone 12, it's essential for users to be mindful of potential charges and considerations associated with this feature. Understanding roaming charges and considerations empowers iPhone 12 users to make informed decisions, manage costs effectively, and optimize their connectivity experience while traveling or in areas with limited network coverage.
Roaming Charges
Roaming charges for iPhone 12 users can vary depending on their network provider and the specific roaming services utilized. Common roaming charges may include:
• Data Usage Fees: Roaming data usage often incurs additional charges, which can be significantly higher than standard domestic data rates. Users should be aware of their data usage while roaming to avoid unexpected fees.
• Voice and Text Charges: Making calls or sending text messages while roaming may result in higher charges compared to domestic usage. It's important for users to understand the applicable rates for voice and text services while roaming.
• Incoming Call Charges: Some network providers impose charges for receiving calls while roaming, in addition to charges for outgoing calls. Users should familiarize themselves with these potential charges to avoid surprises on their billing statements.
Considerations for iPhone 12 Users
In addition to roaming charges, there are several considerations that iPhone 12 users should take into account when utilizing roaming services:
• Network Coverage: While roaming enables connectivity outside the home network's coverage area, users should be mindful of potential variations in network quality and technology standards. This can impact the reliability and speed of voice, text, and data services while roaming.
• Roaming Packages: Some network providers offer specific roaming packages tailored for international travelers, providing predetermined allowances for data, voice, and text services at a fixed fee. Users should explore these packages to potentially reduce roaming expenses and manage costs effectively.
• Wi-Fi Availability: Leveraging Wi-Fi connectivity whenever possible can minimize reliance on roaming data, offering a cost-effective alternative for accessing online services and reducing data usage charges.
• Data Roaming Settings: iPhone 12 users can customize their data roaming settings to control when and how data is utilized while roaming. By managing these settings, users can make conscious decisions regarding their data usage and mitigate excessive charges.
By understanding roaming charges and considerations for the iPhone 12, users can navigate the complexities of roaming services effectively, ensuring that they stay connected while managing costs and optimizing their connectivity experience. It's crucial for users to stay informed about potential charges, explore cost-saving options, and leverage the device's settings to tailor their roaming experience to align with their preferences and budget. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:We Reformers
Merge suggestion
I am suggesting to merge this content into Forza Italia, as the content is quite short, lacking of references/sources and relevant content other than the party wing's existance. Please have your say here. --Angelo 11:18, 19 October 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
The tag has no wiki summary.
learn more… | top users | synonyms
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How to add/write a modules to emulate throught modprobe?
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As stated in Why is my Audio (Sound) Output not working?, to initialise the sound driver, you must run sudo modprobe snd_bcm2835 every time you want to output sound. How do I get this to run on boot? ... | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
WholesomeCo
You must be at least 21 years old to use our website
By using our website, you agree to view medical cannabis content, pricing, and promotional discounts and incentives
Important update for customers using debit cards
The Endocannabinoid System Explained
What exactly is the endocannabinoid system?
Odds are, you have probably already heard a thing or two about the “endocannabinoid system.” But do you know what it is exactly and why it is important? Here is a basic primer to help you be “in the know” about this amazing system in your body. Educating yourself about it is key and will help you to be a savvy medical cannabis consumer.
We all have an endocannabinoid system
The main job of the endocannabinoid system is to maintain balance, or “homeostasis,” within the body as a whole. It is comprised of “cannabinoid receptors, endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of the endocannabinoids.” (1) Endocannabinoids are internally produced cannabinoids that maintain the whole endocannabinoids system. Enzymes within the system act as catalysts for certain functions. As we shall see, cannabinoid receptor sites have the ability to uptake cannabinoids from the cannabis plant for reinforcement and for strengthening the entire system and the entire body.
And it isn’t just humans who have an endocannabinoid system! In fact, scientists have discovered that all members of the animal kingdom have one.
“Taxonomic investigation has revealed that the endocannabinoid system is incredibly old, having evolved over 500 million years ago. Moreover, it is present in all vertebrates—mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, etc., all produce endocannabinoids,” writes the researchers of a 2006 report published in the journal Gene. (2)
How the endocannabinoid system helps the brain and body
According to University of Indiana investigators, “(t)he endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a widespread neuromodulatory system that plays important roles in central nervous system (CNS) development, synaptic plasticity, and the response to endogenous and environmental insults.”
Synaptic plasticity is the ability of the brain to adapt to new information. (3) In our fast-paced, toxin-ridden world, a strong endocannabinoid system is needed now more than ever!
The profound way endocannabinoids and cannabinoids affect the nervous system and the brain initially led scientists to assume that cannabinoid receptors were located only in these areas. Now we know, however, that there are receptor sites for cannabinoids in just about every organ system, including within the immune system, in the gut, along the routes of the respiratory system, within the liver and pancreas, in fat cells, in muscle tissue, in the skin and even in the eyes.
Who discovered the endocannabinoid system?
Dr. Ralph Mechoulam is a well-known cannabinoid researcher and professor with the department of medicinal chemistry at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. In the 1980’s and 1990’s, Mechoulam and his team began to look at how THC binds to cannabinoid receptor sites in the body. (4)
He discovered a whole network which supports this THC-binding that eventually became known as the endocannabinoid system. He also discovered how certain endocannabinoids, such as Anandamide, operate in the body and the way in which key enzymes play an important part as well in the breaking down of cannabinoids within the whole system. (5)
The endocannabinoid system helps to mitigate the havoc that external stressors can cause, but it can also be affected by a toxic build-up, a stressful lifestyle, and other epigenetic factors. The whole system can become taxed, in fact, and this can lead to ineffectiveness, malfunction, and burnt-out.
This is where cannabinoids from the cannabis plant come into play. Cannabinoids help tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) bind and synthesize to certain cannabinoid receptors in the body, namely CB1 and CB2 receptor sites. CB1 is connected to brain health and CB2 is connected to immunity.
What is the entourage effect?
Dr. Mechoulam and his team were also instrumental in the development of what we now know as the “entourage effect.” The “entourage effect” is the process by which all the phytonutrients in cannabis work together for healing. This process is actually a natural organic synergy that occurs within all whole foods, from cannabis plants to antioxidant-rich vegetables like beets and tomatoes. In order for the entourage effect to occur, however, every single substance within a particular plant must be available and able to be expressed.
You may already know this, but it definitely bears repeating—a typical cannabis plant may contain between 450 and 500 distinct phytonutrients. These may include several different kinds of cannabinoids besides THC and CBD, such as CBN and CBG. In addition, a plant may also contain dozens of different terpenes and flavonoids, antioxidant substances, fatty acids, and detoxifying agents like chlorophyll as well as many types of vitamins and minerals.
A good example of the “entourage effect” in action is what Harvard researchers recently discovered about certain flavonoids within medical cannabis and how they may be able to help inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer tumors. (6) Other more recent studies have discovered how certain terpenes coupled with cannabinoids can help with mood disorders. (7)
In a kind of “team effort,” every substance within the cannabis plant plays a part within the whole. The outcome of the entourage effect is the development of strong protective mechanisms for the plant itself and profound healing effects for humans.
What is the best cannabis product for me?
There is no doubt about it, when your endocannabinoid system is strong and vibrant, your whole body can be as well.
Now that you are in the know about how cannabis can affect health through the endocannabinoid system, you are on your way to discovering the very best consumption method for your particular qualifying condition. For more information about QMP's and obtaining your medical cannabis card in the state of Utah, be sure to check out our guide on How To Get Your Medical Card in Utah.
If you have already applied for your card and are ready for the next step, or if you already have your card and simply want to ask a question about your particular situation, we here at WholesomeCo, your state-of-the-art Utah medical cannabis pharmacy, are here to help you!
Our team of Doctorate-level trained pharmacists can answer any of your cannabis questions, including information about drug interactions, the best dosage for your unique situation and so much more.
No question is too big or small so be sure to reach out to our team of helpful professionals today. Most people are able to speak with a pharmacist within 24 hours.
References:
1. An introduction to the endogenous cannabinoid system
2. Evolutionary origins of the endocannabinoid system
3. What is synaptic plasticity?
4. Raphael Mechoulam
5. Brain activity of anandamide: a rewarding bliss?
6. Flavonoid Derivative of Cannabis Demonstrates Therapeutic Potential in Preclinical Models of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
7. The "Entourage Effect": Terpenes Coupled with Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Mood Disorders and Anxiety Disorders
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FANDOM
Let us consider the energy of an electron in a magnetic field. If the momentum of the electron is $ p $, then the gyration radius is $ r_l = \frac{p c}{q B} $, where $ c $ is the speed of light, $ q $ is the electron charge and $ B $ is the magnetic field. Since the angular momentum is quantised, then momentum is also quantised
$ p r = \frac{c p^2}{q B} = n \hbar \Rightarrow p = \sqrt{n \hbar q B/c} $
So the energy is
$ \varepsilon_n \approx \sqrt{m^2 c^4 +n \hbar q B c} $
where $ m $ is the electron mass. Minimum energy is attained when $ n = 0 $, i.e. when the electron spin is opposite to the orbital angular momentum.
The expression above does not take into account self interaction (a QED effect). This effect slightly increases the magnetic moment of the electron by a factor of $ 1 + \alpha / 2 \pi $, where $ \alpha $ is the finestructure constant. This is called the anomalous magnetic moment. This increase in the magnetic moment reduces the electron's energy
$ \varepsilon_0 \approx \sqrt{m^2 c^4 -\frac{\alpha}{2 \pi} \hbar q B c} $
Hence there is a magnetic field above which the energy needed to generate an electron positron pair vanishes
$ B_c = \frac{2 \pi}{\alpha} \frac{m^2 c^3}{\hbar q} $
It is impossible to attain a higher steady state magnetic field than $ B_c $ because it gives rise to spontaneous generating of pairs that reduce the magnetic field. This limit is larger $ 2 \pi / \alpha $ than the Schwinger limit for an electric field. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 41 Part 1.djvu/954
SIXTY·SIXTH CONGRESS. Sess. II. Ch. 235. 1920. 933 Washington (District of Columbia) Central Station and A uaria: W¤¤¤*¤¢¤°¤»D-°- Superintendent, $1,500; two apprentice Bsh·culturists, at $723 each; Aim] Simon md laqqrhelr, $g0110;hi11 ag, $3,540w V ) S `te p ur prings est irginia tation: Su erintendent, www 8¤*Ph¤¤‘ $1,500; fish-culturist, $900; three apprentice fish-cultugists, at $600 Sm°°'W`V°L each; in all, $4,200. Woods Hole (Massachusetts) Station: Superintendent, $1,500; W°°°= H°*°»M¤·¤S· machinist, $960; two Bsh-culturists, at $900 each; three Bremen, at $600 each; four apprentice Bsh—culturists, at $600· each; in all, $8,460. Wytheville (Virginia) Station: Superintendent, $1,500; two Bsh- WY"*°’m¤·V¤· culturists, at $900 each; two apprentice Bsh-culturists, at $600 each; in all, $4,500. Yes Bay (Alaska) Hatchery: Superintendent, $1,500; foreman, Y¤¤ B·!»M¤¤¤ $1,200; two Bsh-culturists, at $960 each; three apprentice Bsh— culturists, at $900 each; cook, $900; in all, $8,220. Steamer Albatross: Naturalist, $2,200• general assistant, $1,400; V¤¤¤|¤~ fishery expert, $1,400; clerk, $1,200; in all, $6,200. “ Steamer Osprey: Master, $1,700; engineer $1,300; cook, $800; two Bremen, at $840 each; seaman, $800; in all, $6,280. . Steamer Gannet: Mater, $1,400; engineer, $1,200; Breman, $840; two seamen at $780 each; m all, $5,000. Steamer Halcyon: Master, $1,700; first omcer, $1,200; engineer, $1,400; assistant enineer, $1,200; three Bremen, at $780 each; three seamen, at $810 eac ; cook, $870; cabm boy, $600; in all, $11,740. Steamer Phalarope: Master, $1,500; engineer $1,200; Breman, $780; two seamen, at $810 each; cook, $870; in all, $5,970. For officers and crew of vessels for Alaska Bsheries service, $26,000. S°§¤ mm we- Administration: For expenses of the office of the commissioner, Ahmfnjsuauuu ex. including stationery, scientific and reference books, periodicals, P°j*;,¤g P W newspapers for library, furniture, telegraph and telephone service, ` ` repairs to qnd heatmg, lighizmg, and gqqilpnggnt of buildings, comnsation o tem orary cmp oyees, an a o er necessary e rises ginnected therewlith, $11,000. _ XPB Propagation of food fishes: For maintenance, equipment, and oper- P,£;_gP°¢°**°¤ °*· ations of fish-cultural stations, general propagation of food fishes and ` their distribution, including movement, maintenance, and repairs of cars, purchase of equipment and atpparatus, contingent expenses temporary labor, and not to GXCB6 $10,000 for propagation and distribution of fresh-water mussels and the necessary expenses con· “"‘i?“‘.f"°T"*"“* §"°£i;°°§‘ { rr 1. - · ,,, h .- . or eveo ing y e ureauo is erxesmcoo rationwi the D,,“‘°,§° °· Bureau of Stgndards new 8. C_ sources of supply EF leather, includ- or ¤ amp s ing personal servic m the trlct of Columbia and in the Beld, the §$,‘,;*f",§f"§,;7‘,,‘f“°°· unexpended balance of the appropriation for the Bscal year 1920 is rea propriated and made available for the Bscal year 1921. _ hgaintenance of vessels: F or maintenance of vessels and launches ,,,,,¥"‘“‘“”““°° °‘ ‘°°‘ including purchase and repair of boats, apparatus, machinery, and other facilities reqmred for use with_the same, hire of vessels, and all other necessary expenses m connection therewith, and money accruing from commutation of rations and provisions on board vemels may be paid on proper vouchers to the persons having charge of the mes of such vessels, $120,000. _ Ccmmutation of rations (not to exceed $1 per day) may be paid ,,,$,‘;’f‘,§¥‘““°“ °‘”‘ to officers and crews of vessels of the Bureau of Fisheries uring the fiscal year 1921 under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Commerce. _ Fm Inquiry respecting food Bshes: For inquiry into the causes of the °“”°° "‘°““"· decrease of food Bs es in the waters of the United States, and for investigation and experiments in respect to the aquatic animals, | WIKI |
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[–]MisterSpock2ntwitch.tv/MisterSp0ck 0 points1 point (0 children)
If you have a youtube account where you have already posted a few videos and are allowed to upload videos of more than 30 mins you can just upload it directly to there and then download an mp4 version of the video. If you cant upload videos longer than 15 mins, than there is an option in twitch to upload to youtube in segments and you can download those segments from youtube. TL;DR Youtube is going to be your best shot of getting the videos on to your home computer
[–]Microh 0 points1 point (0 children)
The official Twitch suggested method for downloading can be found here: http://bashtech.net/twitch/download.php - It's the closest you find to a native Twitch download direcly, created by one of the Twitch admins.
It used to be 2h segments, but they lowered it to 30min segments - probably because of some system architecture decisions they made. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Draft:Francis J. Clay Moran
F.J.C. Moran and F. J. C. Moran should redirect here.
Francis J. Clay Moran was an organizer and author.
He was arrested in New York City in 1900 for disorderly conduct.
Rector of St. Paul's, Columbia and secretary of the American Church Sunday School Institute. He was also involved in the Church Association for the Advancement of the Interests of Labor.
Archdragon?
He was an advocate for improvements in labor and tenement conditions. His father had done similar work for the Church of England on behalf of miners.
He did missionary work in Safe Harbor. He was identified as a Christian supporter of Zionism.
He became archdeacon of Annapolis.
Work
* "Sweet Influence: Or, A Brief Memoir of Emma Grace Moran. Also Sermons and Extracts" Publisher:Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington (1882)
* "Monograph of the Centennial Museum: Held During the Centennial of the Borough of Columbia, September 26, 27, 28, 1888" | WIKI |
Fixed: Windows 10 won’t Recognize Epson Printer
The Problematic Scenario:
Your Windows 10 won’t recognize Epson Printer. Your computer doesn’t detect even the USB connection. Your Epson printer worked perfectly on your old Windows Vista laptop. You have downloaded the latest software (updated) for the Epson printer and also updated the drivers. But all efforts have failed. You are now desperately seeking a solution to your problem.
The Solution to the Problematic Scenario:
The very first thing you have to check is whether your Epson printer model is supported on Windows 10.
In case the printer is supported on Windows 10, make an attempt to delete all the printer drivers in Device Manager. Now, restart your computer and then see if Windows reinstalls the correct drivers. Please keep in mind that you have to install the drivers before you start connecting your Epson printer.
1. Press the Windows key and the X key at the same time.
2. From the displayed options, select Device Manager.
3. Now, expand the Print queues option.
4. If your Epson printer is listed, right-click on it and click on the Uninstall button. You need to reinstall it later on.
5. If the Epson printer is still not recognized by your Windows 10 computer, then move on to the next section on this page.
Now, to install your Epson printer on your Windows 10 computer, make use of the following steps:
1. First, confirm that your Windows 10 computer is connected to the Internet.
2. Next, turn on your Epson printer. Then, connect it to your computer.
3. Now, click the Start icon and then type in Devices. Press the Enter key.
4. You will now find that your Epson printer is recognized by your Windows 10 computer.
Other fixes to try:
1. Make sure the printer status on your computer shows ‘Online.’
2. Ensure that the printer’s firmware is updated.
3. If you have established a wireless connection, restart your router, printer, and computer, and then re-establish the connection between them.
4. If all the above steps fail, reset the printer, reconfigure the settings, and try printing.
You have now resolved the “Windows 10 won’t Recognize Epson Printer” issue. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Staying healthy during seasonal changes
As your family begins to prep for colder weather, you, like many people, may find yourself getting sick when the thermometer suddenly drops. This can happen for a number of reasons, but you are more likely to come down with a bug during early fall and early spring because that is when temperatures are perfect for a lot of the viruses that cause the common cold. Fortunately, there are several things you can do to boost your immune system so your body is ready to battle the fall colds, but you have to start now! Here are some tips:
1. Wash your hands frequently: This one is pretty commonly known, but it is the gold standard for a reason. Washing your hands helps reduce the amount of time a virus you picked up at the pee-wee football game is on your body, reducing the risk of it taking you down. Wash your hands for at least thirty seconds, and be sure to get under your nails well.
2. Cut out sugar: Studies have shown that not only does sugar suppress your immune system for hours after enjoying that soda, sugar also decreases your body’s ability to absorb vitamin C and other nutrients. You will be better able to fight off a ten-day cold if you just say no to that pumpkin
3. Quit smoking: Every time you take a drag, you are damaging your lungs, which makes it hard for them to resist infection. Good, healthy lungs are much better able to fend off disease. Easier said than done, of course, but this is just the tip of the iceberg for health benefits, as you well know.
4. Get enough sleep: Staying up late watching Netflix (guilty) may feel good at the moment, but when you are hacking away at your job because of a cold, you are going to regret watching that last episode of your latest binge. Getting to bed early for quality sleep (7-9 hours’ worth) is an enjoyable way to boost your metabolism and give your body the strength it needs to fight off fall colds.
5. Reduce your stress: This is a big one. From getting more exercise to meditating or praying, there are a lot of things you can do to reduce your stress levels, and every one of them is going to make it easier for your body to fight back the viruses going around your office. Take a deep breath, go for a walk, talk with a good friend, or watch a funny movie that makes you laugh out loud – all of these will keep that cold away.
6. Eat healthier: Junk food can have a lot of excess fat, which like sugar, can suppress the immune system. On the other hand, healthy foods can provide quality nutrition and boost your immune system, making it less likely you will be calling in sick tomorrow. Opt for healthy but yummy recipes rich in leafy greens, ginger, garlic, turmeric, red bell peppers, and citrus.
7. Get a pet: Be sure before you choose this tip that you are financially able to care for a pet if they get sick, that you can handle a long-term commitment, and that you are ready to research pet nutrition thoroughly to determine how to keep your pet healthy. But if you are ready to take the plunge, studies have shown that having a pet can greatly reduce your risk of getting sick. They decrease your likelihood of allergies, they promote physical activity through walks and play time, increase social interactions, and they reduce stress. So head over to the animal shelter and save a pet today.
Simple lifestyle changes can promote good health regardless of the season. Talk to your Granger Medical Clinic physician about ways you can create healthy changes in your lifestyle. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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//Linkback: User:TheresNoTime/Scripts/CT-Helper.js Added by Script installer importScript('User:HighInBC/attackPageNotifier.js'); //Linkback: User:HighInBC/attackPageNotifier.js Added by Script installer importScript('User:The Earwig/copyvios.js'); //Linkback: User:The Earwig/copyvios.js Added by Script installer importScript('User:Ingenuity/AbuseFilterContribs.js'); // Backlink: User:Ingenuity/AbuseFilterContribs.js | WIKI |
Inspecting in-mem HSQLDB
Sometimes, for automatic testing of your Java application, you need to configure a DB connection. Most of the times the decision is to go for an in-memory database and HSQLDB is a prime candidate.
And some other times your tests will be failing and it would be great to see the DB status before the failure. I already knew of the option of running HSQLDB as a server, but a colleague showed me a simpler way, with less configuration.
Simply add the following lines to the beginning or the test:
System.setProperty(“java.awt.headless”, “false”); // to prevent an exception related to awt running headless
DatabaseManagerSwing.main(new String[]{“--url”, “jdbc:hsqldb:mem:testdb”, “--user”, “sa”, “--password”, “”}); //to launch a separate a simple DB-inspector window
Normally, you’re going to put a breakpoint in your test right before the failing assertions. If the DB-inspector window freezes it’s because the breakpoint is configured to stop all threads. You will need to configure your IDE to not stop the DB-inspector thread (on IntelliJ IDEA, right click on the breakpoint and you’ll get the menu that allows you to change this).
References:
One last thing: I’m new at writing posts. If you have any suggestions to make this post more clear, please write a comment. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Fish Buoyancy – How Our Finny Friends Stay Neutral (Unless They Don’t)
Swim bladder at work. A glasseye snapper changes depth on the reef at Bonaire.
ONE THING IS CLEAR – FISH HAVE BETTER BUOYANCY THAN YOU. And, they don’t have to press any buttons.
Many bony fishes have built-in versions of the buoyancy-compensators that divers use to control their position in the water versus changing ambient pressures. In these fishes’ case, it’s an internal gas-filled sac called a swim bladder that automatically works to counteract the ambient pressures applied by the waters surrounding it and keep the fish at neutral buoyancy.
Otherwise, the fishes – heavier than the water they displace – would inevitably find themselves destined for a journey to the sea bottom.
As the pressures change with ascending or descending, the swim bladder absorbs or eliminates gas – oxygen drawn from the fish’s blood – to keep the swim bladder at an appropriate volume. And, to keep the fish at neutral buoyancy.
Red-lip blennies are among bottom-dwellers that lack swim bladders.
UNLESS THEY DON’T
• Sharks and rays don’t have swim bladders but compensate with fin anatomy and oils in their livers. By and large, they have to keep swimming to avoid sinking in the water column.
• Tunas, those magnificent, planet-roaming bony fishes, have poorly developed swim bladders and also rely on oily livers, stiff fins and constant swimming to control their positions in the water column.
• Many bottom-dwelling bony fish like red-lip blennies, gobies, scorpionfish and lizardfish have evolved to lose their swim bladders and compensate by…mostly dwelling on the seafloor.
SOME FISH GULP
It’s believed swim bladders are an adaptation handed down from early fish who needed lungs to breath air when their shallow habitats dried up. From this, some fish – including herrings, gars, trouts, carps, catfishes and lungfish – evolved “open” swim bladders that are connected through their throats to their mouths.
They obtain oxygen for their bodies by filtering water through their gills but they adjust their “open” swim bladders by rising to the surface and gulping in air – and burping it out when necessary during ascensions. It’s notable that most of the fish in this group are freshwater and shallow-water denizens.
SOME DIFFUSE
Internal organs of a closed-bladder fish, via Wikimedia Commons under an Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Over time, many fish – like angels, grunts, groupers, drums and parrots – developed “closed” swim bladders that control the gasses within the bladder by diffusing oxygen in and out of the hemoglobin in their blood. Since they’re constantly absorbing oxygen into the blood through their gills, more oxygen is always available.
Anatomically, the bladder is located just above a fish’s stomach and intestines, ensuring that its center of gravity is below the gas-filled organ, letting them remain stable and right-side up.
The diffusion process is a chemical response to the ambient pressures they experience, not a conscious action on their part.
A pair of juvenile spotted drums are able to ceaselessly patrol their little part of the reef thanks to closed swim bladders.
Acquiring buoyancy capabilities meant that closed-bladder fishes were freed to give up tail power for more evolved fins, more deft control and immense maneuverability. “Ray-finned” fishes developed fins supported by light, bony spines, or rays, that are each fixed into individual sockets and managed by their own muscles to provide the flexibility to, say, raise, lower or tilt them.
Swim bladders let fish like this bluestriped grunt hover in safety in the cover of a rope sponge.
With these flexible fins they can hover in the current to capture plankton or hide within a sea plume, graze slowly on algae, back-peddle, and pursue lives in deeper and differing depths of the water column.
SOME SOAR
Sharks and rays lack any kind of swim bladder but do have large livers – up to 25 percent of their body weight, in some sharks’ cases – stocked with low-density oils that, lighter than the waters they swim through, provide them with a degree of buoyancy. They’re helped by skeletons made of cartilage, a substance less heavy than bone. Still, they’re negatively buoyant and naturally inclined to sink.
Mainly, what sharks have are stiff pectoral fins that slope down and back and provide them with lift as they swim, like airplane wings – hydrodynamic lift rather than aerodynamic. A shark’s asymmetrical tail fin also contributes to lift when it’s lower blade pushes against the water unevenly, placing more pressure on the shark’s underside.
But this means that sharks have to keep swimming to maintain that lift. They’re helped, mostly, by torpedo-shaped bodies that facilitate fast swimming. They rely on side-to-side movement of their caudal, or tail, fins for locomotion. Dorsal and anal fins help stabilize the shark in the water and can be moved to help turn.
Sharks, like this reef shark photographed in Belize, need the lift provided by constant swimming and stiff pectoral fins to maintain position in the water column. Asymmetrical tails provide propulsion and also additional lift.
STILL SOARING
If this doesn’t sound positive for the shark, in reality they have great maneuverability in the water. Although, in fact, unlike many bony fishes of the reef, they can’t stop. They can veer and circle round but they cannot just stop.
Rays have taken the pectoral fin/hydrodynamic lift concept so far as to develop their pectoral fins into broad wings. Eagle and manta rays’ wings let them soar like…well, eagles…flapping and gliding. But eventually, unless they continue to flap to maintain lift, they are going to sink. Stingrays have the same lift factors but do spend much of their time close to or on the seafloor.
SOARING FISH AND A SORE POINT
Many of the same sharkish issues – swim bladder deficiency, stiff pectorals, need to constantly swim for lift – appear to apply to tunas but nailing down the details is frustrating. With regard to both soaring tunas and the non-soaring bottom-dwellers discussed below, the sources are more anxious to talk about how swim bladders work than to do more than mention, in passing, the fishes’ swim bladders don’t work for at all, being underdeveloped or absent.
SOME JUST SIT
Lizardfish are among the many species without swim bladders that rely on ambush hunting from a still position on the reef or sea bottom, sometimes burying themselves in the sand. Relatively stiff fins enable them to prop themselves up while lying in wait.
Conceivably, always having neutral buoyancy might be a disadvantage to bottom-dwelling species of fish when it comes to hiding on the seafloor, lying in wait to ambush some tasty prey that might pass by. Whether they lost their bladders because they stayed on the bottom or they stayed on the bottom because they lost their bladders, or both together, is up for grabs.
In any event, a lot of bottom-dwellers, including many if not all gobies, blennies, scorpionfish and lizardfish seem to lack them. One suspects flounders and frogfish do as well (see, lack of source details, above).
Because they’re tied to the seafloor, or coralhead, or wherever, bottom-dwellers adopt either of several strategies to earn their livings. Scorpionfish, flounders and frogfish become masters of camouflage, lizardfish often bury themselves in the sand to bolt out after prey, gobies perhaps become cleaners and thus circulate with amnesty.
NOTE TO NEW DIVERS:
Generally, it’s bad idea to touch things that just lie stationary on the bottom.
PRINCIPAL SOURCES: Watching Fishes, Roberta Wilson and James Q. Wilson; Marine Biology, Fourth Edition, Peter Castro, Michael Huber; Encyclopedia of Fishes, John Paxton and William Eschmeyer; “Swim bladders diffuse gas: ray-finned fish,” Encyclopedia of Life; “How Do Fish Rise and Sink in the Water?” HowStuffWorks.com; “Swim bladder helps maintain buoyancy,” AskNature.org; “Why Do Dead Fish Float?,” LiveScience; “Fish anatomy: The Swim Bladder,” EarthLife.Net; “Swim Bladder versus Oily Liver,” Catalina Island Marine Institute; “Shark Anatomy from the Outside In,” SharkSider.com; “How Sharks Work,” HowStuffWorks.com; “Shark Anatomy,” TheShark Trust.com.
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Talk:Party Politics
I need help
I'm on privacy leak Jestoni 808 (talk) 08:08, 10 June 2017 (UTC)
Asap
I'm jestoni Andres Honolulu Hawaii Jestoni 808 (talk) 08:09, 10 June 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
Deere's stock surges after profit and sales beat expectations
Shares of Deere & Co. surged 2.4% in premarket trade Wednesday toward a 15-month high, after the agricultural and construction equipment maker beat fiscal fourth-quarter profit and sales expectations. Earnings for the quarter to Oct. 31 fell to $285.3 million, or 90 cents a share, from $351.2 million, or $1.08 a share, in the same period a year ago. The FactSet consensus for earnings per share was 40 cents. Total revenue declined to $6.52 billion from $6.72 billion, but was above the FactSet consensus of $6.16 billion, as equipment sales fell 5%. Both agriculture and turf and construction and forestry sales fell 5%, but beat expectations. Looking ahead, the company expects equipment sales to slip 4% in the first quarter 1% for fiscal 2017. "The company in 2016 had one of its ten-best years in both sales and earnings, a noteworthy achievement in light of the difficult business climate," said Chief Executive Samuel Allen. "Deere's performance benefited from the adept execution of its operating plans and disciplined cost management as well as the impact of a broad product portfolio." The stock has soared 21% year to date through Tuesday, while the S&P 500 has gained 7.8%. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Plague Town
Plague Town is a 2008 American horror film directed by David Gregory, co-written by Gregory and John Cregan, and starring Josslyn DeCrosta, Erica Rhodes, and David Lombard.
Synopsis
While on holiday in the Irish countryside, a dysfunctional family encounters a village of deformed and homicidal residents. These residents are mostly mutant children, to whom death is all fun and games.
Release
After debuting on March 28, 2009, at the HorrorHound Weekend film festival, the film was released on DVD on May 12, 2009. In Germany, the film was released on September 25, 2009.
Background
The film is the first own directed film from Dark Sky Films and was the feature film debut for director David Gregory. | WIKI |
Outline of natural language processing
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to natural-language processing:
natural-language processing – computer activity in which computers are entailed to analyze, understand, alter, or generate natural language. This includes the automation of any or all linguistic forms, activities, or methods of communication, such as conversation, correspondence, reading, written composition, dictation, publishing, translation, lip reading, and so on. Natural-language processing is also the name of the branch of computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics concerned with enabling computers to engage in communication using natural language(s) in all forms, including but not limited to speech, print, writing, and signing.
Natural-language processing
Natural-language processing can be described as all of the following:
* A field of science – systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
* An applied science – field that applies human knowledge to build or design useful things.
* A field of computer science – scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications.
* A branch of artificial intelligence – intelligence of machines and robots and the branch of computer science that aims to create it.
* A subfield of computational linguistics – interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective.
* An application of engineering – science, skill, and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and also build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.
* An application of software engineering – application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the design, development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering to software.
* A subfield of computer programming – process of designing, writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code of computer programs. This source code is written in one or more programming languages (such as Java, C++, C#, Python, etc.). The purpose of programming is to create a set of instructions that computers use to perform specific operations or to exhibit desired behaviors.
* A subfield of artificial intelligence programming –
* A type of system – set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole or a set of elements (often called 'components' ) and relationships which are different from relationships of the set or its elements to other elements or sets.
* A system that includes software – software is a collection of computer programs and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it. Software refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of the computer. In other words, software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithms and its documentation concerned with the operation of a data processing system.
* A type of technology – making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures. Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to control and adapt to their natural environments.
* A form of computer technology – computers and their application. NLP makes use of computers, image scanners, microphones, and many types of software programs.
* Language technology – consists of natural-language processing (NLP) and computational linguistics (CL) on the one hand, and speech technology on the other. It also includes many application oriented aspects of these. It is often called human language technology (HLT).
Prerequisite technologies
The following technologies make natural-language processing possible:
* Communication – the activity of a source sending a message to a receiver
* Language –
* Speech –
* Writing –
* Computing –
* Computers –
* Computer programming –
* Information extraction –
* User interface –
* Software –
* Text editing – program used to edit plain text files
* Word processing – piece of software used for composing, editing, formatting, printing documents
* Input devices – pieces of hardware for sending data to a computer to be processed
* Computer keyboard – typewriter style input device whose input is converted into various data depending on the circumstances
* Image scanners –
Subfields of natural-language processing
* Information extraction (IE) – field concerned in general with the extraction of semantic information from text. This covers tasks such as named-entity recognition, coreference resolution, relationship extraction, etc.
* Ontology engineering – field that studies the methods and methodologies for building ontologies, which are formal representations of a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts.
* Speech processing – field that covers speech recognition, text-to-speech and related tasks.
* Statistical natural-language processing –
* Statistical semantics – a subfield of computational semantics that establishes semantic relations between words to examine their contexts.
* Distributional semantics – a subfield of statistical semantics that examines the semantic relationship of words across a corpora or in large samples of data.
Related fields
Natural-language processing contributes to, and makes use of (the theories, tools, and methodologies from), the following fields:
* Automated reasoning – area of computer science and mathematical logic dedicated to understanding various aspects of reasoning, and producing software which allows computers to reason completely, or nearly completely, automatically. A sub-field of artificial intelligence, automatic reasoning is also grounded in theoretical computer science and philosophy of mind.
* Linguistics – scientific study of human language. Natural-language processing requires understanding of the structure and application of language, and therefore it draws heavily from linguistics.
* Applied linguistics – interdisciplinary field of study that identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, linguistics, psychology, computer science, anthropology, and sociology. Some of the subfields of applied linguistics relevant to natural-language processing are:
* Bilingualism / Multilingualism –
* Computer-mediated communication (CMC) – any communicative transaction that occurs through the use of two or more networked computers. Research on CMC focuses largely on the social effects of different computer-supported communication technologies. Many recent studies involve Internet-based social networking supported by social software.
* Contrastive linguistics – practice-oriented linguistic approach that seeks to describe the differences and similarities between a pair of languages.
* Conversation analysis (CA) – approach to the study of social interaction, embracing both verbal and non-verbal conduct, in situations of everyday life. Turn-taking is one aspect of language use that is studied by CA.
* Discourse analysis – various approaches to analyzing written, vocal, or sign language use or any significant semiotic event.
* Forensic linguistics – application of linguistic knowledge, methods and insights to the forensic context of law, language, crime investigation, trial, and judicial procedure.
* Interlinguistics – study of improving communications between people of different first languages with the use of ethnic and auxiliary languages (lingua franca). For instance by use of intentional international auxiliary languages, such as Esperanto or Interlingua, or spontaneous interlanguages known as pidgin languages.
* Language assessment – assessment of first, second or other language in the school, college, or university context; assessment of language use in the workplace; and assessment of language in the immigration, citizenship, and asylum contexts. The assessment may include analyses of listening, speaking, reading, writing or cultural understanding, with respect to understanding how the language works theoretically and the ability to use the language practically.
* Language pedagogy – science and art of language education, including approaches and methods of language teaching and study. Natural-language processing is used in programs designed to teach language, including first- and second-language training.
* Language planning –
* Language policy –
* Lexicography –
* Literacies –
* Pragmatics –
* Second-language acquisition –
* Stylistics –
* Translation –
* Computational linguistics – interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective. The models and tools of computational linguistics are used extensively in the field of natural-language processing, and vice versa.
* Computational semantics –
* Corpus linguistics – study of language as expressed in samples (corpora) of "real world" text. Corpora is the plural of corpus, and a corpus is a specifically selected collection of texts (or speech segments) composed of natural language. After it is constructed (gathered or composed), a corpus is analyzed with the methods of computational linguistics to infer the meaning and context of its components (words, phrases, and sentences), and the relationships between them. Optionally, a corpus can be annotated ("tagged") with data (manually or automatically) to make the corpus easier to understand (e.g., part-of-speech tagging). This data is then applied to make sense of user input, for example, to make better (automated) guesses of what people are talking about or saying, perhaps to achieve more narrowly focused web searches, or for speech recognition.
* Metalinguistics –
* Sign linguistics – scientific study and analysis of natural sign languages, their features, their structure (phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics), their acquisition (as a primary or secondary language), how they develop independently of other languages, their application in communication, their relationships to other languages (including spoken languages), and many other aspects.
* Human–computer interaction – the intersection of computer science and behavioral sciences, this field involves the study, planning, and design of the interaction between people (users) and computers. Attention to human-machine interaction is important, because poorly designed human-machine interfaces can lead to many unexpected problems. A classic example of this is the Three Mile Island accident where investigations concluded that the design of the human–machine interface was at least partially responsible for the disaster.
* Information retrieval (IR) – field concerned with storing, searching and retrieving information. It is a separate field within computer science (closer to databases), but IR relies on some NLP methods (for example, stemming). Some current research and applications seek to bridge the gap between IR and NLP.
* Knowledge representation (KR) – area of artificial intelligence research aimed at representing knowledge in symbols to facilitate inferencing from those knowledge elements, creating new elements of knowledge. Knowledge Representation research involves analysis of how to reason accurately and effectively and how best to use a set of symbols to represent a set of facts within a knowledge domain.
* Semantic network – study of semantic relations between concepts.
* Semantic Web –
* Machine learning – subfield of computer science that examines pattern recognition and computational learning theory in artificial intelligence. There are three broad approaches to machine learning. Supervised learning occurs when the machine is given example inputs and outputs by a teacher so that it can learn a rule that maps inputs to outputs. Unsupervised learning occurs when the machine determines the inputs structure without being provided example inputs or outputs. Reinforcement learning occurs when a machine must perform a goal without teacher feedback.
* Pattern recognition – branch of machine learning that examines how machines recognize regularities in data. As with machine learning, teachers can train machines to recognize patterns by providing them with example inputs and outputs (i.e. Supervised Learning), or the machines can recognize patterns without being trained on any example inputs or outputs (i.e. Unsupervised Learning).
* Statistical classification –
Structures used in natural-language processing
* Anaphora – type of expression whose reference depends upon another referential element. E.g., in the sentence 'Sally preferred the company of herself', 'herself' is an anaphoric expression in that it is coreferential with 'Sally', the sentence's subject.
* Context-free language –
* Controlled natural language – a natural language with a restriction introduced on its grammar and vocabulary in order to eliminate ambiguity and complexity
* Corpus – body of data, optionally tagged (for example, through part-of-speech tagging), providing real world samples for analysis and comparison.
* Text corpus – large and structured set of texts, nowadays usually electronically stored and processed. They are used to do statistical analysis and hypothesis testing, checking occurrences or validating linguistic rules within a specific subject (or domain).
* Speech corpus – database of speech audio files and text transcriptions. In Speech technology, speech corpora are used, among other things, to create acoustic models (which can then be used with a speech recognition engine). In Linguistics, spoken corpora are used to do research into phonetic, conversation analysis, dialectology and other fields.
* Grammar –
* Context-free grammar (CFG) –
* Constraint grammar (CG) –
* Definite clause grammar (DCG) –
* Functional unification grammar (FUG) –
* Generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG) –
* Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) –
* Lexical functional grammar (LFG) –
* Probabilistic context-free grammar (PCFG) – another name for stochastic context-free grammar.
* Stochastic context-free grammar (SCFG) –
* Systemic functional grammar (SFG) –
* Tree-adjoining grammar (TAG) –
* Natural language –
* n-gram – sequence of n number of tokens, where a "token" is a character, syllable, or word. The n is replaced by a number. Therefore, a 5-gram is an n-gram of 5 letters, syllables, or words. "Eat this" is a 2-gram (also known as a bigram).
* Bigram – n-gram of 2 tokens. Every sequence of 2 adjacent elements in a string of tokens is a bigram. Bigrams are used for speech recognition, they can be used to solve cryptograms, and bigram frequency is one approach to statistical language identification.
* Trigram – special case of the n-gram, where n is 3.
* Ontology – formal representation of a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts.
* Taxonomy – practice and science of classification, including the principles underlying classification, and the methods of classifying things or concepts.
* Hyponymy and hypernymy – the linguistics of hyponyms and hypernyms. A hyponym shares a type-of relationship with its hypernym. For example, pigeon, crow, eagle and seagull are all hyponyms of bird (their hypernym); which, in turn, is a hyponym of animal.
* Taxonomy for search engines – typically called a "taxonomy of entities". It is a tree in which nodes are labelled with entities which are expected to occur in a web search query. These trees are used to match keywords from a search query with the keywords from relevant answers (or snippets).
* Textual entailment – directional relation between text fragments. The relation holds whenever the truth of one text fragment follows from another text. In the TE framework, the entailing and entailed texts are termed text (t) and hypothesis (h), respectively. The relation is directional because even if "t entails h", the reverse "h entails t" is much less certain.
* Triphone – sequence of three phonemes. Triphones are useful in models of natural-language processing where they are used to establish the various contexts in which a phoneme can occur in a particular natural language.
Applications
* Automated essay scoring (AES) – the use of specialized computer programs to assign grades to essays written in an educational setting. It is a method of educational assessment and an application of natural-language processing. Its objective is to classify a large set of textual entities into a small number of discrete categories, corresponding to the possible grades—for example, the numbers 1 to 6. Therefore, it can be considered a problem of statistical classification.
* Automatic image annotation – process by which a computer system automatically assigns textual metadata in the form of captioning or keywords to a digital image. The annotations are used in image retrieval systems to organize and locate images of interest from a database.
* Automatic summarization – process of reducing a text document with a computer program in order to create a summary that retains the most important points of the original document. Often used to provide summaries of text of a known type, such as articles in the financial section of a newspaper.
* Types
* Keyphrase extraction –
* Document summarization –
* Multi-document summarization –
* Methods and techniques
* Extraction-based summarization –
* Abstraction-based summarization –
* Maximum entropy-based summarization –
* Sentence extraction –
* Aided summarization –
* Human aided machine summarization (HAMS) –
* Machine aided human summarization (MAHS) –
* Automatic taxonomy induction – automated construction of tree structures from a corpus. This may be applied to building taxonomical classification systems for reading by end users, such as web directories or subject outlines.
* Coreference resolution – in order to derive the correct interpretation of text, or even to estimate the relative importance of various mentioned subjects, pronouns and other referring expressions need to be connected to the right individuals or objects. Given a sentence or larger chunk of text, coreference resolution determines which words ("mentions") refer to which objects ("entities") included in the text.
* Anaphora resolution – concerned with matching up pronouns with the nouns or names that they refer to. For example, in a sentence such as "He entered John's house through the front door", "the front door" is a referring expression and the bridging relationship to be identified is the fact that the door being referred to is the front door of John's house (rather than of some other structure that might also be referred to).
* Dialog system –
* Foreign-language reading aid – computer program that assists a non-native language user to read properly in their target language. The proper reading means that the pronunciation should be correct and stress to different parts of the words should be proper.
* Foreign-language writing aid – computer program or any other instrument that assists a non-native language user (also referred to as a foreign-language learner) in writing decently in their target language. Assistive operations can be classified into two categories: on-the-fly prompts and post-writing checks.
* Grammar checking – the act of verifying the grammatical correctness of written text, especially if this act is performed by a computer program.
* Information retrieval –
* Cross-language information retrieval –
* Machine translation (MT) – aims to automatically translate text from one human language to another. This is one of the most difficult problems, and is a member of a class of problems colloquially termed "AI-complete", i.e. requiring all of the different types of knowledge that humans possess (grammar, semantics, facts about the real world, etc.) in order to solve properly.
* Classical approach of machine translation – rules-based machine translation.
* Computer-assisted translation –
* Interactive machine translation –
* Translation memory – database that stores so-called "segments", which can be sentences, paragraphs or sentence-like units (headings, titles or elements in a list) that have previously been translated, in order to aid human translators.
* Example-based machine translation –
* Rule-based machine translation –
* Natural-language programming – interpreting and compiling instructions communicated in natural language into computer instructions (machine code).
* Natural-language search –
* Optical character recognition (OCR) – given an image representing printed text, determine the corresponding text.
* Question answering – given a human-language question, determine its answer. Typical questions have a specific right answer (such as "What is the capital of Canada?"), but sometimes open-ended questions are also considered (such as "What is the meaning of life?").
* Open domain question answering –
* Spam filtering –
* Sentiment analysis – extracts subjective information usually from a set of documents, often using online reviews to determine "polarity" about specific objects. It is especially useful for identifying trends of public opinion in the social media, for the purpose of marketing.
* Speech recognition – given a sound clip of a person or people speaking, determine the textual representation of the speech. This is the opposite of text to speech and is one of the extremely difficult problems colloquially termed "AI-complete" (see above). In natural speech there are hardly any pauses between successive words, and thus speech segmentation is a necessary subtask of speech recognition (see below). In most spoken languages, the sounds representing successive letters blend into each other in a process termed coarticulation, so the conversion of the analog signal to discrete characters can be a very difficult process.
* Speech synthesis (Text-to-speech) –
* Text-proofing –
* Text simplification – automated editing a document to include fewer words, or use easier words, while retaining its underlying meaning and information.
Component processes
* Natural-language understanding – converts chunks of text into more formal representations such as first-order logic structures that are easier for computer programs to manipulate. Natural-language understanding involves the identification of the intended semantic from the multiple possible semantics which can be derived from a natural-language expression which usually takes the form of organized notations of natural-languages concepts. Introduction and creation of language metamodel and ontology are efficient however empirical solutions. An explicit formalization of natural-languages semantics without confusions with implicit assumptions such as closed-world assumption (CWA) vs. open-world assumption, or subjective Yes/No vs. objective True/False is expected for the construction of a basis of semantics formalization.
* Natural-language generation – task of converting information from computer databases into readable human language.
Component processes of natural-language understanding
* Automatic document classification (text categorization) –
* Automatic language identification –
* Compound term processing – category of techniques that identify compound terms and match them to their definitions. Compound terms are built by combining two (or more) simple terms, for example "triple" is a single word term but "triple heart bypass" is a compound term.
* Automatic taxonomy induction –
* Corpus processing –
* Automatic acquisition of lexicon –
* Text normalization –
* Text simplification –
* Deep linguistic processing –
* Discourse analysis – includes a number of related tasks. One task is identifying the discourse structure of connected text, i.e. the nature of the discourse relationships between sentences (e.g. elaboration, explanation, contrast). Another possible task is recognizing and classifying the speech acts in a chunk of text (e.g. yes–no questions, content questions, statements, assertions, orders, suggestions, etc.).
* Information extraction –
* Text mining – process of deriving high-quality information from text. High-quality information is typically derived through the devising of patterns and trends through means such as statistical pattern learning.
* Biomedical text mining – (also known as BioNLP), this is text mining applied to texts and literature of the biomedical and molecular biology domain. It is a rather recent research field drawing elements from natural-language processing, bioinformatics, medical informatics and computational linguistics. There is an increasing interest in text mining and information extraction strategies applied to the biomedical and molecular biology literature due to the increasing number of electronically available publications stored in databases such as PubMed.
* Decision tree learning –
* Sentence extraction –
* Terminology extraction –
* Latent semantic indexing –
* Lemmatisation – groups together all like terms that share a same lemma such that they are classified as a single item.
* Morphological segmentation – separates words into individual morphemes and identifies the class of the morphemes. The difficulty of this task depends greatly on the complexity of the morphology (i.e. the structure of words) of the language being considered. English has fairly simple morphology, especially inflectional morphology, and thus it is often possible to ignore this task entirely and simply model all possible forms of a word (e.g. "open, opens, opened, opening") as separate words. In languages such as Turkish, however, such an approach is not possible, as each dictionary entry has thousands of possible word forms.
* Named-entity recognition (NER) – given a stream of text, determines which items in the text map to proper names, such as people or places, and what the type of each such name is (e.g. person, location, organization). Although capitalization can aid in recognizing named entities in languages such as English, this information cannot aid in determining the type of named entity, and in any case is often inaccurate or insufficient. For example, the first word of a sentence is also capitalized, and named entities often span several words, only some of which are capitalized. Furthermore, many other languages in non-Western scripts (e.g. Chinese or Arabic) do not have any capitalization at all, and even languages with capitalization may not consistently use it to distinguish names. For example, German capitalizes all nouns, regardless of whether they refer to names, and French and Spanish do not capitalize names that serve as adjectives.
* Ontology learning – automatic or semi-automatic creation of ontologies, including extracting the corresponding domain's terms and the relationships between those concepts from a corpus of natural-language text, and encoding them with an ontology language for easy retrieval. Also called "ontology extraction", "ontology generation", and "ontology acquisition".
* Parsing – determines the parse tree (grammatical analysis) of a given sentence. The grammar for natural languages is ambiguous and typical sentences have multiple possible analyses. In fact, perhaps surprisingly, for a typical sentence there may be thousands of potential parses (most of which will seem completely nonsensical to a human).
* Shallow parsing –
* Part-of-speech tagging – given a sentence, determines the part of speech for each word. Many words, especially common ones, can serve as multiple parts of speech. For example, "book" can be a noun ("the book on the table") or verb ("to book a flight"); "set" can be a noun, verb or adjective; and "out" can be any of at least five different parts of speech. Some languages have more such ambiguity than others. Languages with little inflectional morphology, such as English are particularly prone to such ambiguity. Chinese is prone to such ambiguity because it is a tonal language during verbalization. Such inflection is not readily conveyed via the entities employed within the orthography to convey intended meaning.
* Query expansion –
* Relationship extraction – given a chunk of text, identifies the relationships among named entities (e.g. who is the wife of whom).
* Semantic analysis (computational) – formal analysis of meaning, and "computational" refers to approaches that in principle support effective implementation.
* Explicit semantic analysis –
* Latent semantic analysis –
* Semantic analytics –
* Sentence breaking (also known as sentence boundary disambiguation and sentence detection) – given a chunk of text, finds the sentence boundaries. Sentence boundaries are often marked by periods or other punctuation marks, but these same characters can serve other purposes (e.g. marking abbreviations).
* Speech segmentation – given a sound clip of a person or people speaking, separates it into words. A subtask of speech recognition and typically grouped with it.
* Stemming – reduces an inflected or derived word into its word stem, base, or root form.
* Text chunking –
* Tokenization – given a chunk of text, separates it into distinct words, symbols, sentences, or other units
* Topic segmentation and recognition – given a chunk of text, separates it into segments each of which is devoted to a topic, and identifies the topic of the segment.
* Truecasing –
* Word segmentation – separates a chunk of continuous text into separate words. For a language like English, this is fairly trivial, since words are usually separated by spaces. However, some written languages like Chinese, Japanese and Thai do not mark word boundaries in such a fashion, and in those languages text segmentation is a significant task requiring knowledge of the vocabulary and morphology of words in the language.
* Word-sense disambiguation (WSD) – because many words have more than one meaning, word-sense disambiguation is used to select the meaning which makes the most sense in context. For this problem, we are typically given a list of words and associated word senses, e.g. from a dictionary or from an online resource such as WordNet.
* Word-sense induction – open problem of natural-language processing, which concerns the automatic identification of the senses of a word (i.e. meanings). Given that the output of word-sense induction is a set of senses for the target word (sense inventory), this task is strictly related to that of word-sense disambiguation (WSD), which relies on a predefined sense inventory and aims to solve the ambiguity of words in context.
* Automatic acquisition of sense-tagged corpora –
* W-shingling – set of unique "shingles"—contiguous subsequences of tokens in a document—that can be used to gauge the similarity of two documents. The w denotes the number of tokens in each shingle in the set.
Component processes of natural-language generation
Natural-language generation – task of converting information from computer databases into readable human language.
* Automatic taxonomy induction (ATI) – automated building of tree structures from a corpus. While ATI is used to construct the core of ontologies (and doing so makes it a component process of natural-language understanding), when the ontologies being constructed are end user readable (such as a subject outline), and these are used for the construction of further documentation (such as using an outline as the basis to construct a report or treatise) this also becomes a component process of natural-language generation.
* Document structuring –
History of natural-language processing
History of natural-language processing
* History of machine translation
* History of automated essay scoring
* History of natural-language user interface
* History of natural-language understanding
* History of optical character recognition
* History of question answering
* History of speech synthesis
* Turing test – test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior, equivalent to or indistinguishable from, that of an actual human. In the original illustrative example, a human judge engages in a natural-language conversation with a human and a machine designed to generate performance indistinguishable from that of a human being. All participants are separated from one another. If the judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test. The test was introduced by Alan Turing in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," which opens with the words: "I propose to consider the question, 'Can machines think?'"
* Universal grammar – theory in linguistics, usually credited to Noam Chomsky, proposing that the ability to learn grammar is hard-wired into the brain. The theory suggests that linguistic ability manifests itself without being taught (see poverty of the stimulus), and that there are properties that all natural human languages share. It is a matter of observation and experimentation to determine precisely what abilities are innate and what properties are shared by all languages.
* ALPAC – was a committee of seven scientists led by John R. Pierce, established in 1964 by the U. S. Government in order to evaluate the progress in computational linguistics in general and machine translation in particular. Its report, issued in 1966, gained notoriety for being very skeptical of research done in machine translation so far, and emphasizing the need for basic research in computational linguistics; this eventually caused the U. S. Government to reduce its funding of the topic dramatically.
* Conceptual dependency theory – a model of natural-language understanding used in artificial intelligence systems. Roger Schank at Stanford University introduced the model in 1969, in the early days of artificial intelligence. This model was extensively used by Schank's students at Yale University such as Robert Wilensky, Wendy Lehnert, and Janet Kolodner.
* Augmented transition network – type of graph theoretic structure used in the operational definition of formal languages, used especially in parsing relatively complex natural languages, and having wide application in artificial intelligence. Introduced by William A. Woods in 1970.
* Distributed Language Translation (project) –
General natural-language processing concepts
* Sukhotin's algorithm – statistical classification algorithm for classifying characters in a text as vowels or consonants. It was initially created by Boris V. Sukhotin.
* T9 (predictive text) – stands for "Text on 9 keys", is a USA-patented predictive text technology for mobile phones (specifically those that contain a 3x4 numeric keypad), originally developed by Tegic Communications, now part of Nuance Communications.
* Tatoeba – free collaborative online database of example sentences geared towards foreign-language learners.
* Teragram Corporation – fully owned subsidiary of SAS Institute, a major producer of statistical analysis software, headquartered in Cary, North Carolina, USA. Teragram is based in Cambridge, Massachusetts and specializes in the application of computational linguistics to multilingual natural-language processing.
* TipTop Technologies – company that developed TipTop Search, a real-time web, social search engine with a unique platform for semantic analysis of natural language. TipTop Search provides results capturing individual and group sentiment, opinions, and experiences from content of various sorts including real-time messages from Twitter or consumer product reviews on Amazon.com.
* Transderivational search – when a search is being conducted for a fuzzy match across a broad field. In computing the equivalent function can be performed using content-addressable memory.
* Vocabulary mismatch – common phenomenon in the usage of natural languages, occurring when different people name the same thing or concept differently.
* LRE Map –
* Reification (linguistics) –
* Semantic Web –
* Metadata –
* Spoken dialogue system –
* Affix grammar over a finite lattice –
* Aggregation (linguistics) –
* Bag-of-words model – model that represents a text as a bag (multiset) of its words that disregards grammar and word sequence, but maintains multiplicity. This model is a commonly used to train document classifiers
* Brill tagger –
* Cache language model –
* ChaSen, MeCab – provide morphological analysis and word splitting for Japanese
* Classic monolingual WSD –
* ClearForest –
* CMU Pronouncing Dictionary – also known as cmudict, is a public domain pronouncing dictionary designed for uses in speech technology, and was created by Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). It defines a mapping from English words to their North American pronunciations, and is commonly used in speech processing applications such as the Festival Speech Synthesis System and the CMU Sphinx speech recognition system.
* Concept mining –
* Content determination –
* DATR –
* DBpedia Spotlight –
* Deep linguistic processing –
* Discourse relation –
* Document-term matrix –
* Dragomir R. Radev –
* ETBLAST –
* Filtered-popping recursive transition network –
* Robby Garner –
* GeneRIF –
* Gorn address –
* Grammar induction –
* Grammatik –
* Hashing-Trick –
* Hidden Markov model –
* Human language technology –
* Information extraction –
* International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation –
* Kleene star –
* Language Computer Corporation –
* Language model –
* LanguageWare –
* Latent semantic mapping –
* Legal information retrieval –
* Lesk algorithm –
* Lessac Technologies –
* Lexalytics –
* Lexical choice –
* Lexical Markup Framework –
* Lexical substitution –
* LKB –
* Logic form –
* LRE Map –
* Machine translation software usability –
* MAREC –
* Maximum entropy –
* Message Understanding Conference –
* METEOR –
* Minimal recursion semantics –
* Morphological pattern –
* Multi-document summarization –
* Multilingual notation –
* Naive semantics –
* Natural language –
* Natural-language interface –
* Natural-language user interface –
* News analytics –
* Nondeterministic polynomial –
* Open domain question answering –
* Optimality theory –
* Paco Nathan –
* Phrase structure grammar –
* Powerset (company) –
* Production (computer science) –
* PropBank –
* Question answering –
* Realization (linguistics) –
* Recursive transition network –
* Referring expression generation –
* Rewrite rule –
* Semantic compression –
* Semantic neural network –
* SemEval –
* SPL notation –
* Stemming – reduces an inflected or derived word into its word stem, base, or root form.
* String kernel –
Natural-language processing tools
* Google Ngram Viewer – graphs n-gram usage from a corpus of more than 5.2 million books
Corpora
* Text corpus (see list) – large and structured set of texts (nowadays usually electronically stored and processed). They are used to do statistical analysis and hypothesis testing, checking occurrences or validating linguistic rules within a specific language territory.
* Bank of English
* British National Corpus
* Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA)
* Oxford English Corpus
Natural-language processing toolkits
The following natural-language processing toolkits are notable collections of natural-language processing software. They are suites of libraries, frameworks, and applications for symbolic, statistical natural-language and speech processing.
Named-entity recognizers
* ABNER (A Biomedical Named-Entity Recognizer) – open source text mining program that uses linear-chain conditional random field sequence models. It automatically tags genes, proteins and other entity names in text. Written by Burr Settles of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
* Stanford NER (Named-Entity Recognizer) — Java implementation of a Named-Entity Recognizer that uses linear-chain conditional random field sequence models. It automatically tags persons, organizations, and locations in text in English, German, Chinese, and Spanish languages. Written by Jenny Finkel and other members of the Stanford NLP Group at Stanford University.
Translation software
* Comparison of machine translation applications
* Machine translation applications
* Google Translate
* DeepL
* Linguee – web service that provides an online dictionary for a number of language pairs. Unlike similar services, such as LEO, Linguee incorporates a search engine that provides access to large amounts of bilingual, translated sentence pairs, which come from the World Wide Web. As a translation aid, Linguee therefore differs from machine translation services like Babelfish and is more similar in function to a translation memory.
* UNL Universal Networking Language
* Yahoo! Babel Fish
* Reverso
Other software
* CTAKES – open-source natural-language processing system for information extraction from electronic medical record clinical free-text. It processes clinical notes, identifying types of clinical named entities — drugs, diseases/disorders, signs/symptoms, anatomical sites and procedures. Each named entity has attributes for the text span, the ontology mapping code, context (family history of, current, unrelated to patient), and negated/not negated. Also known as Apache cTAKES.
* DMAP –
* ETAP-3 – proprietary linguistic processing system focusing on English and Russian. It is a rule-based system which uses the Meaning-Text Theory as its theoretical foundation.
* JAPE – the Java Annotation Patterns Engine, a component of the open-source General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) platform. JAPE is a finite state transducer that operates over annotations based on regular expressions.
* LOLITA – "Large-scale, Object-based, Linguistic Interactor, Translator and Analyzer". LOLITA was developed by Roberto Garigliano and colleagues between 1986 and 2000. It was designed as a general-purpose tool for processing unrestricted text that could be the basis of a wide variety of applications. At its core was a semantic network containing some 90,000 interlinked concepts.
* Maluuba – intelligent personal assistant for Android devices, that uses a contextual approach to search which takes into account the user's geographic location, contacts, and language.
* METAL MT – machine translation system developed in the 1980s at the University of Texas and at Siemens which ran on Lisp Machines.
* Never-Ending Language Learning – semantic machine learning system developed by a research team at Carnegie Mellon University, and supported by grants from DARPA, Google, and the NSF, with portions of the system running on a supercomputing cluster provided by Yahoo!. NELL was programmed by its developers to be able to identify a basic set of fundamental semantic relationships between a few hundred predefined categories of data, such as cities, companies, emotions and sports teams. Since the beginning of 2010, the Carnegie Mellon research team has been running NELL around the clock, sifting through hundreds of millions of web pages looking for connections between the information it already knows and what it finds through its search process – to make new connections in a manner that is intended to mimic the way humans learn new information.
* NLTK –
* Online-translator.com –
* Regulus Grammar Compiler – software system for compiling unification grammars into grammars for speech recognition systems.
* S Voice –
* Siri (software) –
* Speaktoit –
* TeLQAS –
* Weka's classification tools –
* word2vec – models that were developed by a team of researchers led by Thomas Milkov at Google to generate word embeddings that can reconstruct some of the linguistic context of words using shallow, two dimensional neural nets derived from a much larger vector space.
* Festival Speech Synthesis System –
* CMU Sphinx speech recognition system –
* Language Grid – Open source platform for language web services, which can customize language services by combining existing language services.
Chatterbots
Chatterbot – a text-based conversation agent that can interact with human users through some medium, such as an instant message service. Some chatterbots are designed for specific purposes, while others converse with human users on a wide range of topics.
Classic chatterbots
* Dr. Sbaitso
* ELIZA
* PARRY
* Racter (or Claude Chatterbot)
* Mark V Shaney
General chatterbots
* Albert One – 1998 and 1999 Loebner winner, by Robby Garner.
* A.L.I.C.E. – 2001, 2002, and 2004 Loebner Prize winner developed by Richard Wallace.
* Charlix
* Cleverbot (winner of the 2010 Mechanical Intelligence Competition)
* Elbot – 2008 Loebner Prize winner, by Fred Roberts.
* Eugene Goostman – 2012 Turing 100 winner, by Vladimir Veselov.
* Fred – an early chatterbot by Robby Garner.
* Jabberwacky
* Jeeney AI
* MegaHAL
* Mitsuku, 2013 and 2016 Loebner Prize winner
* Rose - ... 2015 - 3x Loebner Prize winner, by Bruce Wilcox.
* SimSimi – A popular artificial intelligence conversation program that was created in 2002 by ISMaker.
* Spookitalk – A chatterbot used for NPCs in Douglas Adams' Starship Titanic video game.
* Ultra Hal – 2007 Loebner Prize winner, by Robert Medeksza.
* Verbot
Instant messenger chatterbots
* GooglyMinotaur, specializing in Radiohead, the first bot released by ActiveBuddy (June 2001-March 2002)
* SmarterChild, developed by ActiveBuddy and released in June 2001
* Infobot, an assistant on IRC channels such as #perl, primarily to help out with answering Frequently Asked Questions (June 1995-today)
* Negobot, a bot designed to catch online pedophiles by posing as a young girl and attempting to elicit personal details from people it speaks to.
Natural-language processing organizations
* AFNLP (Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing Associations) – the organization for coordinating the natural-language processing related activities and events in the Asia-Pacific region.
* Australasian Language Technology Association –
* Association for Computational Linguistics – international scientific and professional society for people working on problems involving natural-language processing.
Natural-language processing-related conferences
* Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)
* International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics (CICLing)
* International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation – biennial conference organised by the European Language Resources Association with the support of institutions and organisations involved in natural-language processing
* Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)
* Text, Speech and Dialogue (TSD) – annual conference
* Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) – on-going series of workshops focusing on various information retrieval (IR) research areas, or tracks
Companies involved in natural-language processing
* AlchemyAPI – service provider of a natural-language processing API.
* Google, Inc. – the Google search engine is an example of automatic summarization, utilizing keyphrase extraction.
* Calais (Reuters product) – provider of a natural-language processing services.
* Wolfram Research, Inc. developer of natural-language processing computation engine Wolfram Alpha.
Books
* Connectionist, Statistical and Symbolic Approaches to Learning for Natural Language Processing – Wermter, S., Riloff E. and Scheler, G. (editors). First book that addressed statistical and neural network learning of language.
* Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, and Computational Linguistics – by Daniel Jurafsky and James H. Martin. Introductory book on language technology.
Book series
* Studies in Natural Language Processing – book series of the Association for Computational Linguistics, published by Cambridge University Press.
Journals
* Computational Linguistics – peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of computational linguistics. It is published quarterly by MIT Press for the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)
People influential in natural-language processing
* Daniel Bobrow –
* Rollo Carpenter – creator of Jabberwacky and Cleverbot.
* Noam Chomsky – author of the seminal work Syntactic Structures, which revolutionized Linguistics with 'universal grammar', a rule based system of syntactic structures.
* Kenneth Colby –
* David Ferrucci – principal investigator of the team that created Watson, IBM's AI computer that won the quiz show Jeopardy!
* Lyn Frazier –
* Daniel Jurafsky – Professor of Linguistics and Computer Science at Stanford University. With James H. Martin, he wrote the textbook Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, and Computational Linguistics
* Roger Schank – introduced the conceptual dependency theory for natural-language understanding.
* Jean E. Fox Tree –
* Alan Turing – originator of the Turing Test.
* Joseph Weizenbaum – author of the ELIZA chatterbot.
* Terry Winograd – professor of computer science at Stanford University, and co-director of the Stanford Human-Computer Interaction Group. He is known within the philosophy of mind and artificial intelligence fields for his work on natural language using the SHRDLU program.
* William Aaron Woods –
* Maurice Gross – author of the concept of local grammar, taking finite automata as the competence model of language.
* Stephen Wolfram – CEO and founder of Wolfram Research, creator of the programming language (natural-language understanding) Wolfram Language, and natural-language processing computation engine Wolfram Alpha.
* Victor Yngve – | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 86.djvu/173
86 STAT.]
PUBLIC LAW 9 2 - 2 8 1 - A P R. 26, 1972
1^1
SEC. 5. The compact administrator, subject to the approval of the Pay^^n^s. Commissioner or his designated agent, may make or arrange for any payments necessary to discharge any financial obligations imposed upon the District of Columbia by the compact or by any supplementary agreement entered into thereunder. SEC. 6. The compact administrator is hereby directed to consult with i^^J°s°^^'^ transthe immediate family of any proposed transferee and, in the case of ' ' a proposed transferee from an institution in the District of Columbia to an institution in a party State, to take no final action without approval of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. SEC. 7. Duly authorized copies of this Act shall, upon its approval, di^°Hbuaon^'^*' be transmitted by the Commissioner or his designated agent to the Governor of each State, the Attorney General and the Administrator of General Services of the United States, and the Council of State Governments. Approved April 26, 1972. r.
Public Law 92-281
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AN ACT
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April 26, 1972
To authorize the Commissioner of the District of Columbia to enter into agreements with teachers and other employees of the Board of Education of the District of Columbia for the purchase of annuitj' contracts.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Represe^itatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That (a) notwithstanding the provisions of section 1 of the District of Columbia Teachers' Salary Act of 1955 (D.C. Code, sec. 31-1501), and of any other law, or regulation affecting the salary of teachers or school officers employed in the service of the public schools of the District of Columbia, the Commissioner of the District of Columbia (hereinafter referred to as the "Commissioner") is authorized to enter into an agreement with a teacher or school officer to reduce the salary of that teacher or school officer by an amount requested by that teacher or school officer, and to contribute that amount for the purchase of an annuity contract described in section 403(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (relating to the taxability of beneficiaries of annuity plans) for that teacher or school officiaL (b) The reduction in salary effected under an agreement authorized by this Act shall not be considered in computing the salary for any teacher or school officer for any other purpose including, but not limited to, the determination of benefits or contributions under chapters 81 (relating to workmen's compensation) and 87 (relating to life insurance) of title 5 of the United States Code. SEC. 2. The Commissioner shall prescribe such regulations as he deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act. SEC. 3. For the purposes of this Act, the term "teacher or school officer" includes all teachers, school officers, and other employees of the Board of Education of the District of Columbia who receive compensation according to the salary schedules under section 1 of the District of Columbia Teachers' Salary Act of 1955, and to whom the provisions of the Act entitled "An Act for the retirement of public school teachers in the District of Columbia", approved August 7, 1946 (D.C. Code, sec. 31-721 et seq.) are applicable. SEC. 4. This Act shall apply with respect to any pay period of any teacher or school officer beginning on or after the one hundred and eightieth day after the date of enactment of this Act. Approved April 26, 1972.
[H. R. 9395]
D.C. teachers. Tax-sheltered
annuuy program g/staf^ass^^'
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so Stat. 875; ^'E^fec'tive^date
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BETA
Proxy Endpoints
The Merchant Center API Gateway exposes different proxy endpoints.
A proxy endpoint is meant to forward the request to the underlying configured service, while validating the authentication and authorization of the user.
Available endpoints
The following proxy endpoints are available:
In addition to those endpoints, there is a /graphql endpoint that also works as a proxy.
Request format
Each proxy endpoint works with the same format. To send a request through the proxy, you simply append the real URL (according to the targeted API) after the proxy endpoint prefix.
For example, to make requests to the commercetools platform HTTP API, you would prefix the request with /proxy/ctp
// Proxied request to the commercetools platform HTTP API
fetch(`https://mc-api.europe-west1.gcp.commercetools.com/proxy/ctp/${projectKey}/orders`);
// Underlying request to the commercetools platform HTTP API
fetch(`https://api.europe-west1.gcp.commercetools.com/${projectKey}/orders`); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:School holiday
Why?!
You know, I'm having the damnedest time trying to figure out why these exist. As a college student, I'm not complaining exactly, but they have to have started for some kind of historical reason, right? I get the one for summer—people needed to harvest crops and stuff. But what about the month-long one I'm starting this, the week of 12/18? Christmas, right, but a month? It's a semester thing—is it for people who live far from their families or something? Anyone know? -Dan 04:46, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
* Only two weeks for most places I know (schools that is, not universities). It's to break for celebrations and family. As for the full history of the academic year, I wouldn't really know. violet/riga (t) 19:52, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
* I agree, the article could really do with a historical section - how these traditions developed.Lord Spring Onion (talk) 18:33, 15 July 2009 (UTC)
* A decade late, but ... perhaps religious observance of advent (from fourth Sunday before Christmas) then through the Twelve Days of Christmas (which starts on Christmas day). Klbrain (talk) 06:34, 16 August 2019 (UTC)
A few more
I've added Japan and Norway to make it less UK-centric. Any other addition suggestions? Cariel 01:30, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
A few more (eh?)
Lovely, except Japan's holidays are widely variable. The specificity of the winter holiday in particular is just completely misleading. Furthermore private schools tend to have shorter holidays than public ones. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:26, 10 March 2012 (UTC)
* In most countries, private schools tend to have different holidays, though in many countries they are longer than in state schools. Can you find a good reference for holiday dates in Japanese schools? D b f i r s 12:32, 10 March 2012 (UTC)
This needs a more global point of view
"The terms "summer break" and "summer holiday" are often used to refer to the large break from school and university taken during summer (usually August and some time before and after)." stuff like that makes this a very american/northern hemisphere article and i think that this article needs a revamp maybe some tables or graphs to show when school holidays occur in certain parts of the world?<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:36, 19 June 2008 (UTC)
* There is a fair range of countries mentioned so far, but these could be organised in some way e.g. by continent; also I agree a table would be helpful.Lord Spring Onion (talk) 18:33, 15 July 2009 (UTC)
Adding references to third party holiday date providers
I have tried to add refs to the most legitimate and verbose websites for providing school holiday dates but each edit has been reverted by OPs. OPs please look through the history of this pages parent and consider applying my diffs. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Johnyma22 (talk • contribs) 06:35, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
* You actually removed a reference (though I agree that is wasn't the best). Government websites are preferable, but at least the website that you removed stated, on the linked page, the facts it was referencing. Yours was just a list of links to dates. D b f i r s 12:30, 10 March 2012 (UTC)
Proposed merge of School holiday into Academic year
I am of the view that this article should be merged into the article Academic year. School holidays are part of the academic year; and much of the content in the two articles is on the same subject matter but is contradictory between the two. Thank you! XP-93 (talk) 12:28, 28 July 2018 (UTC)
* ✅ Klbrain (talk) 20:52, 20 October 2019 (UTC)
Also Academic Term needs to be considered
I've found information about school terms and holidays split amongst three articles. The two being considered for merger and also Academic term. All three could be merged into one article or we could have a separate article for schools. Karl (talk) 09:06, 12 October 2018 (UTC) | WIKI |
GATX Corporation Sets Date for 2017 Fourth Quarter Earnings Release and Conference Call
CHICAGO, Jan. 04, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- GATX Corporation (NYSE:GATX) announced that it will report results for the 2017 fourth quarter prior to market open on Thursday, January 18, 2018. GATX will hold a conference call to review the results later that morning. Investors may listen to the call via telephone or over the Internet as follows:
Live Teleconference
Date: Thursday, January 18, 2018 Time: 11:00 AM (Eastern Time) Domestic Dial-In: 1-888-740-6144 International Dial-In: 1-719-457-2655 Live Webcast: www.gatx.com To participate by phone, please dial in approximately 15 minutes prior to the start time and reference the GATX conference call. To listen via webcast, click the link on GATX’s homepage, www.gatx.com .
Replay Information
Time: Starting at 2:00 PM (Eastern Time), January 18, 2018 Domestic Dial-In: 1-888-203-1112 International Dial-In: 1-719-457-0820 Access Code: 9116999 Web Access: The replay will also be available at www.gatx.com COMPANY DESCRIPTION
GATX Corporation (NYSE:GATX) strives to be recognized as the finest railcar leasing company in the world by its customers, its shareholders, its employees and the communities where it operates. As the leading global railcar lessor, GATX has been providing quality railcars and services to its customers for 120 years. GATX has been headquartered in Chicago, Illinois since its founding in 1898. For more information, please visit the Company’s website at www.gatx.com .
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Jennifer McManus
Director, Investor Relations
GATX Corporation
312-621-6409
jennifer.mcmanus@gatx.com
Investor, corporate, financial, historical financial, and news release information may be found at www.gatx.com .
Source:GATX Corporation | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Florida governor election: Republican Ron DeSantis wins, CNN projects
(CNN)Republican Ron DeSantis will win the race to become Florida's 46th governor, CNN projects, defeating Democrat Andrew Gillum to become the state's fourth consecutive GOP chief executive. By outlasting Gillum, the Tallahassee mayor vying to become Florida's first African-American governor, DeSantis also gave a boost to President Donald Trump, who campaigned for the former congressman at two events in the final days before the election -- and whose endorsement DeSantis traded on to win the nomination over the establishment favorite, Agriculture Commissioner Adam Putnam. DeSantis quit his job in Congress to focus on the gubernatorial race, a heated affair that largely reflected the broader national tensions over race and class in the Trump era. Those issues, which were already bubbling up throughout the primary, were escalated by DeSantis when he went on Fox News a day after becoming the nominee to warn Florida voters not to "monkey this up" by electing Gillum. DeSantis denied there was any racial innuendo in his remark, but race -- and allegations that DeSantis was using it against his opponent -- were never far off during the 10-week general election sprint. Tensions hit a boiling point during the pair's second and final debate. DeSantis loudly objected to suggestions he was in cahoots with far-right figures or that his ties, unwitting he said, to white supremacists should be held against him. "Now, I'm not calling Mr. DeSantis a racist," Gillum said in response. "I'm simply saying the racists believe he's a racist." If that line earned Gillum viral praise and national recognition, his indirect connections to an FBI investigation into public corruption in Tallahassee was a drag on his campaign, which at times struggled to explain Gillum's relationship with a former lobbyist and friend and his run-ins with an undercover federal agent. Gillum maintained throughout the campaign that the FBI told him he was not a target of the probe, which could continue to dog him in the coming months or years. In one final twist, DeSantis, who throughout the campaign portrayed Tallahassee as crime-ridden and dangerous, will now be moving there to do his new job -- right alongside the city's mayor, (still) Andrew Gillum. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Secret History of the French Court under Richelieu and Mazarin.djvu/164
150 necessity, to brave the censures of a few devotees, and in short to give him permission to defend his life. Hitherto, Anne of Austria had hesitated for reasons which are self-evident. The insolence of Madame de Montbazon had already irritated her greatly; the conviction which she now acquired of the numerous attempts at assassination which had failed by chance, and which at any time might be renewed, at length decided her, and it is at the close of the month of August that we must fix the positive date of the declared, public, and unrivalled ascendency of Mazarin over Anne of Austria. He had never been displeasing to her; her partiality for him commenced in the month preceding the death of Louis XIII.; in the month of May she appointed him prime minister, partly from regard and more from policy; this regard increased by degrees until it grew strong enough to resist all attacks on it; these attacks, by proceeding to the utmost violence, and making her fear for his life, precipitated the victory of the happy cardinal, and on the day after the nocturnal ambuscade in which he was to perish, Mazarin became the absolute master of the heart of the queen, and more powerful than ever Richelieu had been after the day of Dupes.
We have sought in vain in the Carnets of Mazarin for some traces of the explanations which Mazarin must have had with the queen at this critical juncture. These explanations probably were not such as to be so easily forgotten as to require one to keep notes of them. However, we find an obscure passage written in Spanish, from which we glean the following words: "I ought no longer to have any doubts, since the queen, in an excess of goodness, has told me that nothing can deprive me of the post near her person which she has done me the favor to give me; notwithstanding, as fear is the inseparable companion of affection," etc. About this time, Mazarin being somewhat | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Google blazes back at Mozilla, urges Firefox clients to change to Chrome
The result was Speedied as copyvio. Peridon (talk) 17:07, 16 March 2015 (UTC)
Google blazes back at Mozilla, urges Firefox clients to change to Chrome
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Wikipedia is not a newspaper. Pishcal — ♣ 15:19, 16 March 2015 (UTC)
* Speedy Delete as a copyvio of this page. The author copied this article, but changed a few words around (i.e. changing "search results page" to "query items page".
| WIKI |
Water Conservation, Irrigation and Land Improvement
Villagers digging up earth for a water storage structure
A structure full of water
The Ashram has laid special focus on farming since its inception. From 1969 to 1975, land improvement and bunding were taken up on a mass scale, under the project ‘Food for Work’. The project benefited 800 farmers, as their 1,200 acres of land had improved by constructing 30 community bunds and 350 small individual bunds. This led to the availability of water with which paddy cultivation in low lying areas could be done. Another benefit of this project was that people got work during difficult days. This enabled the people to come out of the clutches of moneylenders and, as a result, exploitation was reduced. In the famine of 1979-80, the Ashram undertook bunding and well digging for providing relief to the locals. The Ashram also motivated the government to undertake this work on a mass scale and helped the government in preparing earthen dam designs.
This work generated development zeal among the villagers. After 1975, 105 community and 926 small bunds were constructed. Total land improved is 23,186 acres. Irrigation was done through rehat and pumps. On an average, 4 acres of land was irrigated per irrigation structure, benefiting an average 3 farmers per irrigation structure.
Another feature of this project was the construction of irrigation towers, to create pressure at the pumping point. This helped to lift water to high lands for irrigation. This tower technique was first tested in the year 1976 and by 2000, 369 irrigation towers were constructed. The government constructed 150 irrigation towers. Now the panchayats also have adopted this technique for development of agriculture.
From 1975 to 1985, the Ashram bore the costs of implementation of this irrigation scheme. In the year 1986, it was decided that the beneficiary families would bear 50 per cent of the costs, in kind. In the year 1986, a labour bank scheme was introduced. Under this scheme, the beneficiary was to be paid 50 per cent of his and his helpers’ labour wages. It was expected that the beneficiary would pay his helper either through barter or if not possible then in cash. Since then this has become a custom.
Dry land development was a problem and a solution was found to it in 1967. Trenches were dug to store rain water on slopes. So far 269 acres of land, belonging to 210 farmers, that could not be irrigated and were infertile, were developed the new way. This was successful and cheap also. Hundreds of farmers did this, without taking any help from the Ashram. Most of the people started farming on this land, while some planted saplings. It is hoped that more people will adopt this technique. | FINEWEB-EDU |
What is LOV Management in Admin Portal?
What is LOV Management module in Admin Portal?
What are key features & benefits of using this module?
LOV Management is a module that centralizes the management of List of Values (LOVs) or dropdowns, simplifying the process of defining and organizing LOV groups, LOVs within a group, and their respective values. This module ensures that all your LOVs are maintained in a central location for easy management and quick updates.
Benefits:
• Centralized LOVs: Manage all your LOV groups, individual LOVs, and their values in one central location, ensuring consistency across your applications.
• LOV Hierarchy: Organize LOVs into groups and individual LOVs, allowing for structured and logical categorization.
• Attribute Definition: Define attributes for each LOV value, tailoring the information to your specific needs.
• CRUD Operations: Easily Create, Read, Update, and Delete LOV data, ensuring that your LOVs are always accurate and up-to-date.
• Maker/Checker Concept: Implement a dual verification process to enhance data accuracy and security. One user proposes changes (Maker), while another reviews and approves them (Checker).
• API Integration: Expose APIs to facilitate integration with other systems, allowing the use of this module’s functionality in various applications and workflows.
• User-Friendly Interface: You don’t need to be a technical expert to manage all the details. It’s designed for non-technical users.
Features:
• LOV Groups: Create and manage LOV groups for logical categorization of LOVs, simplifying the organization of your data.
• Individual LOVs: Define and manage individual LOVs within groups, ensuring a structured approach to LOV management.
• LOV Values: Add, edit, and update LOV values with ease, providing a flexible and dynamic way to maintain your dropdown options.
• Attribute Definition: Customize attributes for each LOV value, tailoring the information to your specific requirements.
• CRUD Operations: Perform a range of operations to Create, Read, Update, and Delete LOV data, keeping your LOVs in perfect order.
• Maker/Checker Concept: Implement a dual-verification process to enhance data integrity and ensure that changes are reviewed and approved by multiple users.
• API Integration: Expose APIs to enable other systems and applications to utilize the functionality of the LOV Management module, extending its usability to various use cases. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Thomas Jäger
Thomas Jäger (born 27 October 1976) is a German professional racing driver.
Career
Born in Chemnitz, Jäger competed in the Renault Spider Trophy in 1997. He began competing in the German Formula Three Championship in 1998, where he finished third behind Christijan Albers and Marcel Fässler in 1999.
Jäger then raced in the DTM for Mercedes-Benz between 2000 and 2003. He took two podiums and a best championship finish of seventh, in 2001. Jäger was signed by Hotfiel Sport for their World Touring Car Championship campaign in 2005, although Jäger left after four rounds.
Jäger won the German Mini Challenge in 2006, and moved to the Porsche Carrera Cup Germany in 2007, which he won in 2009.
In 2010 he began working as coordinator for AMG Customer Sports.
Jäger won the 2013 Liqui Moly Bathurst 12 Hour at the Mount Panorama Circuit in Australia driving a Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT3 for Australian team Erebus Motorsport alongside fellow Germans Alexander Roloff and Bernd Schneider. He returned to "The Mountain" for the 2014 race where he finished 2nd in a SLS AMG GT3 alongside Maximilian Buhk and Harold Primat. After missing the 2015 race, he returned in 2016 to again link with Erebus and again in a Mercedes SLS AMG finished in 5th place driving with Nico Bastian and Australian driver David Reynolds.
Complete Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
* † — Retired, but was classified as he completed 90% of the winner's race distance.
Complete World Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) | WIKI |
Čengić, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Čengić (Ченгић) is a village in the municipality of Bijeljina, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
About Čengić
To the north of Čengić is Modran while to the east is Obrijež and Ruhotina. Čengić is part of the municipality of Bijeljina which lies on the flat rich planes of Semberija.
Population
The population census in 1991 showed Čengić had 1.284 inhabitants. 1278 were Serbs, 1 was Yugoslav, and 7 were of other nationalities. | WIKI |
Why Do I Think Im Pregnant
Introduction
One of the most important events in a woman’s life is pregnancy. As soon as a woman suspects that she may in fact be pregnant, she must take the necessary steps to confirm her suspicions and to begin preparing for the journey ahead. But how does one begin to suspect that they are pregnant? For many women, it is usually because of certain signs and symptoms that suggest that a pregnancy may be present.
The first symptom that many women experience is missed or irregular periods—this is typically the telltale sign of a possible pregnancy. If a woman has had unprotected sex within the last few weeks or months, this could easily explain the irregularity in their menstrual cycle. While any changes in your normal cycle should be taken seriously, missing a single period really isn’t enough to raise concern unless you are sexually active. Other indicators of early pregnancy include sore breasts, fatigue and extreme nausea. Many women also report feeling very emotional during this time; something which could point towards underlying hormonal changes associated with conception.
It’s also important to remember that while these signs might allude to a possible pregnancy, they aren’t conclusive proof, as they can all be related to other medical conditions unrelated to childbearing. The only real way to find out if you’re pregnant for sure is by taking an at-home pregnancy test or visiting your healthcare provider for a blood test – both will provide an accurate answer as soon as six days after conception. Additionally, it’s wise to speak with your doctor about any concerns regarding potential risks associated with sexual activity during this time, should the result prove positive.
All in all, connecting some unusual physical changes and behaviors with unprotected intercourse could easily lead one to suspect that they are indeed pregnant – but getting confirmation via a home test or visit with your healthcare professional should come sooner rather than later in order for you to make informed decisions about your health both now and in the future!
Understand the Different Types of Pregnancy Tests
There are several types of pregnancy tests women can turn to in order to determine if they are pregnant or not. Home pregnancy tests involve collecting a urine sample and testing for the presence of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). These tests are typically very accurate in determining whether or not there is a pregnancy, and they can be done with minimal expense and effort.
Another option is to get a blood test. A lab technician will take either a single sample or two samples to be analyzed for hCG level, which will provide more definitive results than home urine tests. Finally, an ultrasound can also be used to detect whether or not there is an embryo present. This type of testing may be necessary if the woman has irregular menstrual cycles or has been exposed to certain medications that could interfere with the accuracy of other testing methods. Understanding these different types of pregnancy tests can help give an idea as to why someone might suspect they could be pregnant
Knowing When to Take a Pregnancy Test
It’s normal to suspect that you might be pregnant if you have missed a period or are having pregnancy symptoms. If you think that you could be pregnant, the best course of action is to take a pregnancy test as soon as possible. Many tests are available both in stores and online so it shouldn’t be too hard to obtain one. It should also be noted that testing early on can help ensure accurate results, as most tests work best several days after missing a period. Home pregnancy tests are very easy to use and allow individuals to find out within minutes whether or not they are expecting. Those who prefer more reliable accuracy may choose instead to visit their doctor for a lab test or blood test.
Keep in mind that even if the result of your home pregnancy test is negative it does not necessarily mean you aren’t pregnant. In this case, it may just be too early for the hormones to show up reliably in the sample collected for the urine test taken at home. As with any medical issue, it is always better to err on the side of caution and consult your doctor before self-diagnosing any potential health issue including pregnancy. Your doctor will be able to provide additional advice, information and support regarding what steps should come next should your suspicions turn out to be true or false respectively.
READ
Back Cramps During Pregnancy Third Trimester
Learn About Early Pregnancy Symptoms
If you think you may be pregnant, the best way to confirm your suspicions is to take a pregnancy test. However, before reaching for a box of pregnancy tests or making an appointment with your doctor, it helps to understand some of the common signs and symptoms of early pregnancy. These signs can range from physical changes, like nausea or fatigue, to subtle hints such as missed periods or changed food preferences. Learning about these indicators can help you narrow down whether your feelings may stem from something else or if they could be caused by a potential pregnancy.
The most common sign of early pregnancy is a missed period. While not all women experience this symptom, it is a frequent indication that something could be going on inside the body. Other common physical changes during early pregnancy include tender breasts and nipples, frequent peeing (caused by rising levels of hCG), fatigue, nausea (aka “morning sickness” though it can happen at any time throughout the day) and changes in taste preferences. For example, foods and drinks that you enjoyed before suddenly seem unappealing while others become cravings that seemed as if out of nowhere.
One thing to consider if you are wondering why you think you’re pregnant—just because none of the physical signs are present doesn’t mean it is impossible for conception to have been achieved that cycle. Of course there’s always the chance of false negatives on over-the-counter tests too, so if you’re still having doubts then seeing your healthcare provider is essential for confirming and ruling out any possibility of pregnancy altogether.
Keeping Track of Your Pregnancy Symptoms
If you think that you could be pregnant, it is important to pay attention to any changes in your body and track your pregnancy symptoms. Start by taking a pregnancy test that is approved for home use. If the test is positive, schedule an appointment with a doctor right away. Your doctor can confirm the pregnancy with a urine or blood test.
Once you have your confirmed diagnosis, consider tracking your symptoms each day so that you can monitor if anything seems unusual. Possible signs of pregnancy include: morning sickness, changes in appetite or cravings, fatigue, sore breasts, nausea, misseds periods and frequent urination. A journal or tracker can be extremely helpful in recording and tracking these potentially sudden occurrences. Additionally, if any of these symptoms become worrisome or extreme in nature be sure to contact your doctor right away. It may be necessary to adjust medications or incorporate additional tests to ensure safe outcomes for both mother and baby.
When it comes time for childbirth doctors suggest doing research about comfortability options as well as avoiding unnecesary medical procedures such asking for pain relief drugs or an epidural during delivery. Furthermore it’s important to stay up to date on vaccinations and health screenings and also remember to eat nutritious foods during this time as well as getting as much rest and exercise as possible.. Taking care of yourself from day one can help guarantee good health for yourself throughout your pregnancy journey!
Understanding the Importance of Rest and Nutrition During Pregnancy
When a woman who thinks she might be pregnant, it is important to discuss with her doctor about the importance of good rest and nutrition when pregnant. Getting enough rest, typically eight hours each night is critical for any pregnant women. It can help ensure that she has the energy during her pregnancy needed to fight off feelings of fatigue and exhaustion and maintain proper energy levels throughout her entire day. Eating a well-balanced diet featuring natural foods and being sure to include some form of healthy exercise into daily routine is also very important in creating an overall sense of wellbeing. Avoiding unhealthy habits like smoking and drinking alcohol as well as abstaining from drugs should be a primary focus when trying to conceive or if already pregnant.
During a woman’s pregnancy, it is imperative that additional attention be paid to nutritional value while consuming more vitamins and minerals in order to supply her body with the nutrients needed during the growth process of both herself and developing baby. Balanced meals should primarily consist of proteins, dairy or dairy alternatives , fruits, vegetables, whole grains and healthy fats . Drinking plenty of water each day helps promote detoxification within the body which removes harmful toxins from our system as well as flushing out excess waste material. Supplements such as folic acid may also be recommended by your healthcare provider in order to prevent any potential birth defects from occurring during the duration of pregnancy . In conclusion, doing all one can to ensure regular sleep patterns along with adequate nutrition are critically important for both expecting mothers and unborn babies alike so everyone involved can remain healthy throughout their respective journey together.
READ
On And Off Discharge In Early Pregnancy
Consider Seeking Emotional Support from Friends and Family
When you think you’re pregnant, it can be difficult to know what to do. It can be helpful to talk through your thoughts and concerns with someone who is supportive and understanding. Think about reaching out to your close friends or family members who can provide emotional support and guidance throughout this process. They may have been in a similar situation before or already understand how overwhelming it can feel. Let them know what you are going through and how they can help; whether it’s just listening, offering advice, or helping make decisions about possible next steps. If you don’t have anyone in your life who feels like the right person for this kind of conversation, consider talking to a therapist or counselor who specializes in talking about sexual health and reproduction related topics. They are trained to provide professional, non-judgmental support when dealing with sensitive issues such as pregnancy testing and decision making.
Having a Plan to Handle Possible Outcomes
If your period is late and you think you may be pregnant, it is important to consider all of the possible outcomes. One of the best things you can do for yourself is to have a plan in place to handle each potential outcome. If it turns out that you are indeed pregnant, then you will need to make decisions about how you want the pregnancy to proceed and what resources you need for your health and well-being. On the other hand, if a test reveals that you are not pregnant, then it is important to understand what might have caused your missed period and seek medical attention if needed. It is also important not to jump to conclusions too quickly but instead consider all of your options. Doing this will help ease your mind and allow you to approach this situation with clarity while ensuring whatever decision or outcome results, that your needs are met in an informed manner.
Seeking Professional Medical Advice When Necessary
If you think you may be pregnant, it is important to seek professional medical advice. Doing so can provide you with the assurance that your condition is being properly monitored, and enables you to take informed decisions if the pregnancy has been confirmed. A doctor can carry out a physical examination and test to determine whether you are pregnant or not, as well as inform you of any other health considerations that could be affected by the pregnancy. They can also provide advice on nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle habits which can help prepare for a potential pregnancy. Further specialist tests such as ultrasound scans may be required in certain cases to detect any abnormalities or complications at an early stage. Additionally, seeking medical advice from a healthcare professional may also provide access to support networks in case of emotional distress or practical concerns associated with a positive diagnosis of pregnancy.
Conclusion
There could be many reasons why you think you might be pregnant. It is important to take a pregnancy test to know for sure if you are actually pregnant. It is also important to consult your doctor, who can provide guidance and advice on your situation. If the results come back positive, then it is important to start making plans and decisions about how you want to proceed with the pregnancy. Ultimately, it is up to you and whatever works best for you and your family.
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Hasbro's Blockbuster Quarter Was Driven by Avengers and Magic
Hasbro (NASDAQ: HAS) romped all over second-quarter earnings expectations, delivering sales and profits well ahead of analyst forecasts. Driven by the megablockbuster Avengers: Endgame movie and the toymaker's new digital game Magic: The Gathering, Hasbro posted results that are bad only in the sense that it's given itself a very high hurdle to get over next year.
Magic: The Gathering still has a lot of power to enthrall players, whether it's the physical game or the new digital version. Image source: Wizards of the Coast.
Big-screen bonanza
Revenue jumped 9% to $985 million in the period, easily surpassing the 6% gain Wall Street forecast, and when you back out foreign currency exchange rates, sales were actually 11% higher.
In large part that was because of the massively successful Avengers movie, which went on to become the highest-grossing film ever, surpassing the record set by Avatar. The finale to the superhero series that spanned a decade has generated almost $2.8 billion in worldwide box-office receipts.
Hasbro hinted back in the first quarter that toys surrounding the franchise were selling well, which should have given the movie's producers an inkling to how it would be received at the box office. Likewise, investors should have been clued in that it would drive Hasbro's top and bottom line, as the movie kept breaking records.
Investors may want to keep this in mind for next quarter, as Hasbro says Spider-Man: Far From Home also contributed to revenue growth this quarter; while it won't be an Avengers-type blockbuster, the movie is already approaching the $1 billion global box-office mark, and it was only released on July 2.
But Hasbro's fortunes have been impacted by movies ever since it started meshing its toys with them, beginning with Transformers. Notably, that franchise is still paying dividends, and the toymaker is looking forward to the brand delivering good results for the full year -- and next year, when it and Netflix launch the Transformers: War for Cybertron animated movie trilogy.
Successful transition to digital from analog
While these big-screen films garner a lot of headlines, a deeper, more compelling power playing behind the scenes is Hasbro's card game Magic: The Gathering, particularly in its digital version.
Similar in theme to the better-known Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, Magic has been casting a spell over players for more than two decades. Yet as video games have migrated to the online sphere, Hasbro realized it needed Magic to evolve as well, and last year began transforming it into a digital property.
That's paying off in a big way: Hasbro's entertainment, licensing, and digital segment saw revenues surge 28% year over year to $96 million, mostly due to Magic: The Gathering Arena, Hasbro's online play portal for the game (not to be confused with MTG Online, which was essentially just the tabletop version digitized without the fancy graphics).
Although operating profit for the segment declined in the quarter, that's only because of the amount of money Hasbro is investing in Magic and the costs associated with bringing it online.
The player community has responded to the porting of the game online, with approximately 400 million games played in the quarter and 1.1 billion played since the digital version was launched last September. Moreover, Hasbro is enmeshing it into the growing esports phenomenon, hosting the Mythic Championship on the Arena platform in June, with dozens of the top Magic players competing for a share of a $750,000 prize pool.
Hasbro had a number of other successful properties this quarter, too, but these were the leading lights this time around. A full lineup of other growth drivers remains for the rest of this year, and into the next, which suggests the toymaker's blowout second quarter might not be its last.
10 stocks we like better than Hasbro
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Rich Duprey has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Hasbro and Netflix. The Motley Fool is short shares of Hasbro. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
-- Cutting Off Egypt’s Aid Will Only Worsen Chaos
Two men I admire, U.S. Senator John McCain and Robert Kagan of the Brookings Institution , have recently argued that the U.S should suspend aid to Egypt after the army coup last week that ousted President Mohamed Mursi of the Muslim Brotherhood . “We cannot repeat the same mistakes that we made at other times in our history by supporting the removal of freely elected governments,” McCain said . Kagan says that continuing aid to the Egyptian military will eventually be a source of embarrassment . Given that the Egyptian army appears, at least according to initial reports, to have committed a massacre against Muslim Brotherhood members, the case McCain and Kagan made looks fairly strong. And it is no use arguing, as President Barack Obama ’s administration seems to be, that what happened in Egypt last week wasn’t a military coup. It was, even though it came with an asterisk: The coup might not have happened had millions Egyptians not taken to the streets to demand Mursi’s ouster. But to keep the aid flowing (as Noah Feldman explains here ), the White House and Congress would need to find an exception to their own rules, which require suspending aid to countries when their leaders are deposed by military force. Finding a loophole could well be worth it: Cutting off aid might accelerate Egypt’s self-destruction, and harm American interests in the Middle East . Here are four reasons why: 1. Before this coup, there was another coup -- and I’m not referring to the events that brought about the downfall of the Egyptian dictator Hosni Mubarak in 2011. In November, Mursi initiated an internal coup , placing himself, by decree, above the law to make sure that his Islamist constitution would be approved. It was at this moment that the Obama administration should have considered suspending aid. As we now know, the White House didn’t consider doing very much at all. It maintained its close relations with Mursi, and mostly ignored the intense anger his actions sparked among Egyptians, anger that eventually exploded last week in mass demonstrations against his rule. If the U.S. cuts aid now when it refused to do so after Mursi’s grab for absolute power, it will permanently alienate the millions of Egyptians who believed, with good reason, that Mursi was attempting to turn himself into an Islamist Mubarak. And these Egyptians -- the ones who demonstrated against Mursi last week -- are precisely the sort of liberals (or, at least, anti-fundamentalists) the U.S. should be cultivating. 2. Egypt ’s military is preventing the Sinai Peninsula from becoming a haven for al-Qaeda and similar groups. If terrorists take over stretches of Sinai, they will launch attacks on Israel . Israel will respond by invading Sinai (again). This is not something the U.S. wants. What the U.S. wants is to maintain leverage over the Egyptian military in order to encourage it, and equip it, to prevent the spread of al-Qaeda-like extremism. Chaos in Sinai is not only a threat to Israel, but also to Jordan and the U.S. Chaos in the streets of Cairo and Alexandria isn’t in the best interests of the U.S. either, and that appears to have been where Egypt was heading last week. 3. In Pakistan , we saw what can happen when American military aid is cut off. After Pakistan went nuclear, the U.S. retaliated by punishing its army. Most notably, the U.S. stopped bringing members of the Pakistani officer corps to America for training. The result: a Pakistani officer corps that doesn’t know, or like, the U.S. And, of course, our boycott of Pakistan’s military didn’t actually end the country’s nuclear program. Cutting off the Egyptian military would only free it to behave more brutally toward its internal foes than it does now. 4. At this moment, it may be difficult for some people to focus on the venality of the Muslim Brotherhood. But let me help. In addition to being anti-democratic -- it is the model of an extremist group that attempts to leverage the democratic process in order to subvert it -- it is also a highly misogynistic movement, an anti-Christian movement and an anti-Semitic movement. Its worldview is antithetical to that of the U.S. The Obama administration and its ambassador in Cairo, Anne Patterson , made a mistake in coddling the Brotherhood over the past year. There’s no reason to continue that coddling now. Cutting off aid would, in effect, be signaling to the Egyptian people that the U.S. is on the side of the Brotherhood. One other note: I try to resist the urge to judge people by their supporters, but I’ll make an exception here. Yusuf al-Qaradawi, the Sunni theologian and Al Jazeera commentator who serves as a kind of spiritual godfather to the Brotherhood, has called the removal of Mursi invalid and demanded his reinstatement. Qaradawi is a revanchist Muslim supremacist who has argued for female genital mutilation and for the physical punishment of gay men and lesbians. He has advocated suicide terrorism and argued that Hitler was carrying out God’s work when he murdered Jews. Qaradawi’s vehement opposition to the Egyptian army’s ouster of Mursi makes me think that the millions of Egyptians who demanded his removal are on the right side of history. ( Jeffrey Goldberg is a Bloomberg View columnist.) To contact the writer of this article: Jeffrey Goldberg at jgoldberg50@bloomberg.net . To contact the editor responsible for this article: Timothy Lavin at tlavin1@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Does Acupuncture for Dogs With Arthritis Work?
When it comes to our canine companions, most of us will do just about anything for them, especially if they are in pain. So if your furry friend has canine arthritis, you are probably wondering how you can help to ease his discomfort. Traditionally, arthritis pain in dogs is managed with medication. But more holistic treatments have been increasing in popularity during recent years, including acupuncture. Can acupuncture actually improve symptoms for dogs with arthritis? Let’s consider the facts.
Arthritis: The Basics
Does Acupuncture for Dogs With Arthritis Work? | Canna-Pet®Simply put, arthritis is the inflammation of your dog’s joints. Unfortunately, it is a common problem for dogs of all ages but primarily affects senior canines. Normally, the interior of a dog’s joints consists of two bone surfaces covered with a thin layer of smooth cartilage that is lubricated with a small amount of joint fluid, allowing the two bones to glide over one another with minimum friction. In the case of arthritis, the cartilage within the joint changes or becomes damaged. This results in cartilage that is less smooth and ultimately causes the bone surfaces to rub together. This rubbing motion produces discomfort to your dog while further damaging the cartilage. Eventually, the increased friction prompts new bone to form around the joint, making the area stiffer and restricted in movement.
Most cases of arthritis develop as a result of abnormal rubbing within the joint caused by joint instability, abnormal development of cartilage, or damage caused by trauma, such as fractures. More often than not, symptoms of arthritis are undetectable to the naked eye. Rather, your dog’s changes in behavior will be indicators of his pain. For example, he may be less keen to exercise or appear stiff and begin to have prolonged periods of laying. Occasionally, a dog might continually lick an underlying painful joint and symptoms may worsen in cold or damp conditions.
As mentioned previously, the conventional way to treat arthritis is with medication. A veterinarian may prescribe steroids; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Etogesic, Rimadyl, Metacam, and Deramaxx; or other pain-relieving medications like tramadol, Galliprant, Amantadine, and gabapentin for those dogs with severe arthritis or if unresponsive to other medications. And while anti-inflammatory therapy works for most dogs, some may need to undergo surgery to replace the joint. Physical therapy and canine weight loss may also help to reduce symptoms.
Acupuncture for Dogs
Acupuncture is most well-known for its human applications, but in actuality, it is safe for use on canines as well. At its core, acupuncture is the treatment of conditions or symptoms via the insertion of very fine needles into specific points on the body which produces a healing response. Each specific acupuncture point has been well charted for both humans and animals, and the practice was conceptualized by ancient Chinese scholars. The location of stimulated acupuncture points, the depth of needle insertion, the type of stimulation applied to the needles, and the duration of each treatment session will be dependent on the patient’s tolerance, the experience and training of the practitioner, and the condition being treated.
There is evidence regarding the success of acupuncture for treating disorders of the reproductive, musculoskeletal, neurologic, pulmonary, gastrointestinal and dermatologic systems in veterinary medicine. In fact, the most common conditions that are treated include traumatic nerve injuries, canine intervertebral disc disease, degenerative myelopathy, epilepsy and other central nervous system disorders; asthma, allergic dermatitis, lick granulomas; and chronic pain such as that caused by degenerative joint disease such as arthritis. So yes, acupuncture for dogs can work to treat arthritis and its symptoms.
However, due to the potential for harm and differences in anatomy between dogs and humans, it is crucially important to seek out a practitioner trained in traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM). This training will ensure that your dog is in safe hands when it comes to their acupuncture therapy. In addition, there are similar practices to acupuncture which can also be utilized if traditional acupuncture does not suit your pet. Acupuncture points can be stimulated by using techniques known as acupressure, moxibustion, cupping, or by the application of heat, cold, water, laser, ultrasound, or other means at the discretion of the practitioner.
The success of treatment with acupuncture will vary based on the skill of the practitioner, the disorder being treated, and the number and frequency of treatments. However, the earlier in the course of disease that acupuncture is applied, the better the response tends to be. Therefore, when treating arthritis, it is important to be vigilant in recognizing arthritic symptoms in your dog as most dogs will experience some arthritis within their lifetime. Overall, acupuncture is very safe and causes no undesirable side effects as some medications can. As a method of pain management, it can either be a great natural alternative to conventional western medicine or, since it doesn’t interfere with medications, it can be safely used in conjunction with traditional treatments.
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Page:History of England (Froude) Vol 10.djvu/529
1580.] THE ALEN<^ON MARRIAGE. 509 the heart of heresy. It was in England that French, Flemings, Germans, Italians, Spaniards, fugitives for religion, found home and shelter. It was in England that the patriot armies recruited themselves ; and the English Protestant congregations supplied the money that supported them. So long as England was uncon- quered, the Reformation was felt to be unconquerable, and it was the more exasperating because the English Catholics believed that, had they received the smallest practical assistance at Elizabeth's accession, they could have compelled her to remain in the Roman commu- nion. Every year that had been allowed to pass had made recovery more difficult. Of the Catholic nobles some were dead, some were landless fugitives. The creed survived as a tradition, but the exercise of it was dying out. The more impetuous of the priests had gone abroad. Many had conformed ; many had adhered to the faith, and said mass with the connivance of the Government in private houses. But they were dropping off, and the vacancies were not replenished. The old ceremonial was not yet forgotten, but was more and more faintly remem- bered. The longer the invasion was delayed, the fainter the support which could be looked for in England itself, and the refugees, sick of pleading with Philip, had ap- pealed with more success to the Pope and the Church. A new and passionate impulse had been given to the Catholic creed by St Teresa and Ignatius Loyola. The Carmelite and Jesuit orders had revived something of the fervour of ancient Christendom, and personal and family ambition came to the help of religious | WIKI |
In Which We Literally Calculate the Power of the Force
I have a tradition of doing a little analysis on one of my favorite movie franchises to celebrate Star Wars Day (May the Fourth Be With You). Given that Rogue One: A Star Wars Story recently appeared on DVD and various streaming services, I think its OK to look at that film without worrying about spoilers. In this case, I will calculate Darth Vader's power output as he uses the Force. If you've seen the movie, you know about the awesome scene at the end where the Sith Lord opens a can of whoop ass on some Rebel troopers. Vader uses the Force to pin a rebel against the ceiling and hold him there for just a while before slicing him with his light saber. That seems excessive, but I guess Vader wanted to make the rebel wait awhile before killing him because the Dark Side makes you cranky. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Lorient Agglomération
Lorient Agglomération (Breton: An Oriant Tolpad-kêrioù) is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Lorient. It is located in the Morbihan department, in the Brittany region, northwestern France. It was created in January 2014. Its area is 738.7 km2. Its population was 205,765 in 2020, of which 57,412 were in Lorient proper.
Composition
The communauté d'agglomération consists of the following 25 communes:
* 1) Brandérion
* 2) Bubry
* 3) Calan
* 4) Caudan
* 5) Cléguer
* 6) Gâvres
* 7) Gestel
* 8) Groix
* 9) Guidel
* 10) Hennebont
* 11) Inguiniel
* 12) Inzinzac-Lochrist
* 13) Lanester
* 14) Languidic
* 15) Lanvaudan
* 16) Larmor-Plage
* 17) Locmiquélic
* 18) Lorient
* 19) Ploemeur
* 20) Plouay
* 21) Pont-Scorff
* 22) Port-Louis
* 23) Quéven
* 24) Quistinic
* 25) Riantec
The areas and populations (as per INSEE estimates as at 1 January 2020) are as follows: | WIKI |
Page:Wanderings of a Pilgrim Vol 2.djvu/202
messenger. With the images of Buddha from Ava, were also presented to me four leaves of the palmyra-tree, twenty-three inches in length by two and a half in breadth, on both sides of which are engraved with a stile the religious doctrines of the Burmese. The leaves are held together by two pieces of ribbon passed through holes in them, and are a portion of a work of about three or four inches in thickness. In the plate entitled "Pūja of the Tūlsī," the Brahman is reading from palmyra leaves of the same description.
10. KALKI?], OR THE HORSE.
The Kalkī, or final avatar, is yet to come; in which Vishn[)u] will appear incarnate in a human form, for the purpose of dissolving the universe. The Kalkī will be incarnate in the house of the Brahman Bishenjun, the apparent offspring of the sage by his wife Awejsedenee, and will be born in the city of Sambal, towards the close of the Kalī period or Yug, in the month Vaisach, the scorpion. In one hand he is represented bearing aloft a "cimetar, blazing like a comet," to destroy all the impure, who shall then inhabit the earth; and in the other he displays a circular ornament or ring, the emblem of cycles perpetually revolving, and of which the existing one is on the point of being finally terminated. The Kalkī is represented leading a white horse, richly caparisoned, adorned with jewels, and furnished with wings. The horse is represented standing on three feet only, holding up, without intermission, the right fore-*leg; with which, say the Brahmans, when he stamps with fury upon the earth, the present period shall close, and the dissolution of nature take place. Jayadeva thus describes the tenth avatar: "For the destruction of all the impure thou drawest thy cimetar, blazing like a comet: (how tremendous!) O Cesava, assuming the body of Kalkī: Be victorious, O Heri, lord of the universe!"
End of the Kalī-yug, or fourth Indian period, and of the history of the ten avatars.
THE DESCENT OF VISHN[)U] AS KRISHNA.
The Preserver appeared on earth in the form of Krishna, | WIKI |
Fact-Checking Kamala Harris on the Campaign Trail
The California senator has not always offered accurate defenses of her record or assessments of President Trump’s policies. Senator Kamala Harris is aiming to reset her presidential campaign after a strong start and subsequent slump by highlighting her career as a glass-ceiling-shattering prosecutor and making the case against President Trump. What Ms. Harris Said “What ended up happening is, by changing the education code, it also changed — it, by reference then, was in the penal code. And then that was an unintended consequence. And if I could do it over again, I would have made sure that it would not have increased penalties or the ability to prosecute anywhere in the state to prosecute parents, because that was never the intention. And it was never anything that I did.”— CNN interview in May As San Francisco district attorney, Ms. Harris started an initiative in 2006 to reduce truancy in schools that began with educating parents and students, then holding meetings to address issues that led to truancy and, as a final resort, prosecuting parents. California law, at the time, distinguished between students with three unexcused absences (“truants”) and those with five (“habitual truants”), with repercussions that included warnings, community service or suspension of driver's licenses. If parents “cause or encourage” students to miss six or more days of school, they could be fined up to $2,500 or jailed up to a year. A state review concluded that district attorneys found that penalty difficult to pursue because of a high burden of proof. In 2010, Ms. Harris helped draft legislation that built upon the San Francisco program. A spokesman for the senator said she had always pledged to prosecute parents as a last resort during her time as district attorney, and her efforts were “not about punishment, but support of parents.” The spokesman also cited a HuffPost article that said that, as California’s attorney general, Ms. Harris had limited influence over whether local prosecutors carried out the spirit of the law she sponsored. Still, contrary to Ms. Harris’ claim that the penalties were an “unintended consequence,” Senate Bill No. 1317 specifically amended both the state penal and education codes and included imprisonment as a punishment. The bill added a category for “chronically truant” students, those who missed 10 percent or more of the school year, and enacted a new misdemeanor charge for parents of chronic truants in kindergarten through eighth grade. If those parents still failed to send their children to school after warnings and being offered help, they could face a $2,500 fine, jail time up to one year or both. Ms. Harris described the bill as a carrot-and-stick approach: “combining meaningful services with smart sanctions in the California Penal Code” to “compel families to get their young children back in school.” The deputy district attorney for Alameda County told the San Jose Mercury News that the misdemeanor charge would give prosecutors “more teeth and more tools.” And a law review article said the bill “explicitly puts parental responsibility for truancy in the penal code and is a clear legislative mandate of the state’s intention to prosecute parents.” Ms. Harris is correct that the San Francisco district never jailed any parents, but several other counties did after the law’s enactment in 2011. What Ms. Harris Said “I am, in my entire life, have been opposed and personally opposed to the death penalty. I believe it be a very flawed system. DNA has proven that there have been people who have been convicted and sentenced to the death penalty who turned out to be innocent. In fact, the numbers I know tell me that one in nine people who have been prosecuted under the death penalty led to an exoneration.” — MSNBC interview in March While Ms. Harris has long personally opposed the death penalty, her actions did not always reflect that conviction. And false convictions among those sentenced to death are not an aberration, but do not occur at the rate Ms. Harris cited. Ms. Harris opposed the death penalty in 2003, when she ran for San Francisco’s district attorney. After she won, Ms. Harris refused to seek capital punishment against a man accused of killing a police officer, despite pressure from law enforcement and other state politicians. When she became California’s attorney general, however, Ms. Harris defended the state’s death penalty after a court ruled that it was unconstitutional. Her spokeswoman said the Department of Corrections and the governor were her clients, and she also disagreed with the judge’s argument that capital cases took too long between conviction and execution. Some commended Ms. Harris for fulfilling her professional obligation, while others argued she did not need to do so, since she had declined to defend a state ballot initiative that prohibited same-sex marriage (she said that measure violated the Constitution). Ms. Harris misstated a common talking point from those opposed to the death penalty: For every nine to 10 people who have been executed since the death penalty was reinstated in the United States, one person has been set free. But that’s not quite the same thing as an exoneration rate of 11 percent. From 1973 to 2016, the United States put 9,178 prisoners on death row, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics. But that figure counts some inmates twice, said Robert Dunham, the executive director of the Death Penalty Information Center, so the actual number is about 8,600. Since 1973, 165 people have exonerated, according to a database maintained by the center, for an exoneration rate of about 1.9 percent. There is credible research to show that more people facing the death penalty could have been exonerated. A 2014 study found that at least 4.1 percent of those sentenced to death between 1977 and 2004 were convicted erroneously. Mr. Dunham said his group has estimated a similar figure, about 4 percent, of people on death row who were innocent or pleaded guilty to crimes they did not commit. What Ms. Harris Said Jake Tapper, CNN anchor: “When you were attorney general, you opposed legislation that would have required your office to investigate fatal shootings involving police officers. Why did you oppose that bill?” Ms. Harris: “So, I did not oppose the bill. I had a process when I was attorney general of not weighing in on bills and initiatives, because as attorney general, I had a responsibility for writing the title and summary. So I did not weigh in.”— CNN town hall in January The legislation, Assembly Bill 86, would have required the attorney general’s office to appoint a special prosecutor to examine fatal shootings by the police. Ms. Harris did not take a public position on the bill, but she had expressed a general disagreement with its aims, saying in interviews that it would have taken away “discretion from elected district attorneys.” The bill’s sponsor told The New York Times in January she declined to support it at the time, but commended Ms. Harris for eventually supporting independent investigations. And contrary to her claim that her silence on legislation was a matter of policy, she weighed in a host of other bills. Her staff said that comment was an error. What Ms. Harris Said “Because none of us have been sleeping over the last two years, part of what has happened under the current administration is they took fugitives off the list of prohibited people. I’d put them back on the list, meaning that fugitives from justice should not be able to purchase a handgun or any kind of weapon. So that’s what I’d do.” Current law prohibits the sale of firearms to fugitives from justice (in addition to several other classes of people), and the Trump administration has not removed fugitives from the list. As of May 31, the F.B.I.’s criminal background check database still included 2,320 records of fugitives prohibited from buying a gun. Ms. Harris’s team cited news reports about tens of thousands of fugitives removed from the database after the Justice Department settled a longstanding dispute between the F.B.I. and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. The F.B.I.’s policy was to deny purchases to people with outstanding warrants if they tried to buy a firearm outside the county or local jurisdiction that issued the warrant, while the A.T.F. did not consider people with warrants “fugitives from justice” if they remained in the same state, the Justice Department’s inspector general explained in a 2016 report that urged the agencies to resolve the issue. The department ultimately agreed with the A.T.F. definition and applied it only to people who had left the state to avoid prosecution or giving testimony, according to a February 2017 memo obtained by The Trace, a news organization that reports on gun violence. David Bowdich, the deputy F.B.I. director, testified to Congress in March 2018 that the decision was made under the Obama administration. Ms. Harris pledges to reverse that definitional change, her spokesman said. The background check database declined to 24 fugitives from justice in 2017 from 511,855 in 2016. But Massachusetts alone accounted for about 430,000 names because the state submits outstanding warrant records for both misdemeanors and felonies. Those records instead moved to a different category of prohibited purchasers in the database: banned because of state laws. What Ms. Harris Said “Members of our military have already given so much. Raiding money from their pensions to fund the President’s wasteful vanity project is outrageous. Our service members deserve better.” — Twitter post in March To build his border wall without the approval of Congress, Mr. Trump will draw from an account for military construction projects, a Treasury Department forfeiture fund and a Pentagon drug interdiction program. He has not announced plans to “raid” military pensions. Ms. Harris’ tweet included a link to an Associated Press story with the headline “Pentagon may tap military pay, pensions for border wall.” But the first sentence of the story specifies that it refers to “$1 billion in leftover funds from military pay and pension accounts.” In other words, the money will not come from the pensions of active or retired military members. The fund exist because the Army did not meet its recruiting targets and fewer personnel opted for an early retirement program than expected. “This is pay that would have gone to Army recruits that we can’t recruit,” Senator Dick Durbin, Democrat of Illinois, said to The Associated Press. “So there’s a ‘savings’ because we can’t recruit. The other part was they offered a voluntary change in military pensions, and they overestimated how many people would sign up for it.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The Wedding Samba
The Wedding Samba is a samba written by Abraham Ellstein, Allan Small and Joseph Liebowitz and recorded by Carmen Miranda with participation of Andrews Sisters for Decca Records on December 12, 1949.
Originally titled "The Wedding Rhumba", the music played by Xavier Cugat and His Orchestra is part of the soundtrack of the film "On an Island with You" (1948) MGM. The song is based on the melody "Der Nayer Sher", composed by Abraham Ellstein in 1940 and performed by The Barry Sisters.
Versions to reach the Billboard charts in 1950 were by Edmundo Ros (No. 16), Carmen Miranda & The Andrews Sisters (who were number #23 in the "Official Top 100 Singles" on the Billboard music chart on January 28, 1950) and Guy Lombardo & His Royal Canadians (No. 28). | WIKI |
Neo (album)
Neo is a 1979 debut solo album by the American punk musician Ian North. It was recorded in 1978 in Ian Gillan's studio and released in 1979 by Aura Records. Although the album was released as a solo work of Ian North, he recorded it with three session musicians: Steve Byrd on guitar, John McCoy on drums and Bryson Graham on drums and they later formed Neo, as a "semi-band", because they were paid by North. Many songs were written by North while the band comprised him and the brothers Robin and Paul Simon. This line-up, the band's first played a gig during 1977. In early 1978, Robin Simon left to join Ultravox and, shortly afterwards, his brother Paul was sacked by North and joined Cowboys International.
North said in a 2007 interview that while the album was being recorded, ex-Deep Purple member Ian Gillan was watching Neo, and after the recording was finished, Byrd, McCoy and Graham left North, because Gillan invited to them to join his fledgling band Gillan. Shortly afterwards, North renewed Neo with true band members until 1978 when North returned to the USA.
It was not released on CD.
Track listing
All songs written by Ian North
* A-side
* 1) "If You Gotta Go"
* 2) "She Kills Me"
* 3) "Don't Dance"
* 4) "Heart"
* 5) "Tran-Sister"
* 6) "Heaven On Earth"
* 7) "The Robots"
* B-side
* 1) "No Sound from 25"
* 2) "Hollywood Babylon"
* 3) "Girls in Gangs"
* 4) "Texas Modern"
* 5) "Kamikaze"
Personnel
* Ian North - vocals
* Steve Byrd - guitar
* John McCoy - bass guitar
* Bryson Graham - drums | WIKI |
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Understanding Influenza and Its Impact on Cruise Ships
Influenza, more commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious viral infection that spreads rapidly in close quarters. Cruise ships are particularly vulnerable to outbreaks due to the large number of people residing in a relatively small space. These outbreaks can disrupt voyages, causing health issues among passengers and crew members, leading to quarantines, and even requiring ships to return to port. The economic implications can be quite staggering.
Managing these outbreaks is of utmost importance. It's not just about ensuring the health and safety of passengers and crew, but also about maintaining the reputation of the cruise industry. An outbreak can lead to negative publicity, cancelations, and loss of future bookings.
Osteltamivir: A Powerful Ally in the Fight Against Influenza on Cruise Ships
Oseltamivir, marketed under the brand name Tamiflu, is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza A and B. It works by stopping the flu virus from spreading inside the body. It's most effective when taken within two days of the first symptoms. However, it can also be used as a preventive measure in the event of an outbreak.
Oseltamivir can be a game-changer on a cruise ship. Given its ability to halt the spread of the virus, it can help contain an outbreak and prevent it from escalating. This means fewer people getting sick, fewer quarantines, and less disruption to the voyage.
Administering Oseltamivir on Cruise Ships
Administering oseltamivir on a cruise ship requires a well-coordinated effort. It starts with identifying and isolating those who show symptoms of the flu. Next, medical staff on board must determine who else may be at risk – this could be those who have been in close contact with the infected person, or in the case of a larger outbreak, all passengers and crew members.
The medication is typically administered orally in capsule form, although a liquid version is available for those who have trouble swallowing pills. It's important to note that while oseltamivir can help alleviate symptoms and prevent the spread of the virus, it's not a substitute for the flu vaccine.
The Role of Prevention in Managing Influenza Outbreaks on Cruise Ships
While oseltamivir plays a crucial role in managing influenza outbreaks on cruise ships, prevention is always the best strategy. This includes encouraging passengers and crew members to get the flu vaccine ahead of the flu season, maintaining high standards of hygiene on board, and having a robust response plan in place in the event of an outbreak.
Moreover, a comprehensive health screening process before boarding can help identify those who may already be infected, preventing them from bringing the virus on board. In the event of an outbreak, prompt intervention with oseltamivir can make a significant difference in its containment and management.
Conclusion: The Importance of Oseltamivir in the Cruise Industry
Ultimately, when it comes to managing influenza outbreaks on cruise ships, oseltamivir is a vital tool. It's not just about treating those who are already sick, but also about preventing the spread of the virus to others. In conjunction with preventive measures, it can help ensure that a cruise remains a relaxing and enjoyable experience, rather than a journey marred by illness.
As a passenger, knowing that the cruise line has a comprehensive plan in place to handle such outbreaks can provide peace of mind. As a crew member, it means working in a safer environment. And for the cruise industry as a whole, it means fewer disruptions, less negative publicity, and ultimately, a healthier bottom line. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
@ARTICLE{10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00075, AUTHOR={Marshall, Anna-Marie and Heffernan, Thomas and Hamilton, Colin }, TITLE={The Synergistic Impact of Excessive Alcohol Drinking and Cigarette Smoking upon Prospective Memory}, JOURNAL={Frontiers in Psychiatry}, VOLUME={7}, YEAR={2016}, URL={https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00075}, DOI={10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00075}, ISSN={1664-0640}, ABSTRACT={
The independent use of excessive amounts of alcohol or persistent cigarette smoking have been found to have a deleterious impact upon Prospective Memory (PM: remembering future intentions and activities), although to date, the effect of their concurrent use upon PM is yet to be explored. The present study investigated the impact of the concurrent use of drinking excessive amounts of alcohol and smoking cigarettes (a “Polydrug” group) in comparison to the combined effect of the single use of these substances upon PM. The study adopted a single factorial independent groups design. The Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT) is a test of both time-based and event-based PM and was used here to measure PM. The CAMPROMPT was administered to 125 adults; an excessive alcohol user group (n = 40), a group of smokers who drink very little alcohol (n = 20), a combined user group (the “Polydrug” group) who drink excessively and smoke cigarettes (n = 40) and a non-drinker/low alcohol consumption control group (n = 25). The main findings revealed that the Polydrug users recalled significantly fewer time-based PM tasks than both excessive alcohol users p < 0.001 and smokers p = 0.013. Polydrug users (mean = 11.47) also remembered significantly fewer event-based PM tasks than excessive alcohol users p < 0.001 and smokers p = 0.013. With regards to the main aim of the study, the polydrug users exhibited significantly greater impaired time-based PM than the combined effect of single excessive alcohol users and cigarette smokers p = 0.033. However, no difference was observed between polydrug users and the combined effect of single excessive alcohol users and cigarette smokers in event-based PM p = 0.757. These results provide evidence that concurrent (polydrug) use of these two substances has a synergistic effect in terms of deficits upon time-based PM. The observation that combined excessive drinking and cigarette smoking leads to a greater impairment in time-based PM may be of paramount importance, given the key role PM plays in everyday independent living.
}} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Table of Contents
Search
1. Preface
2. The Transformation Language
3. Constants
4. Operators
5. Variables
6. Dates
7. Functions
8. Creating Custom Functions
9. Custom Function API Reference
Transformation Language Reference
Transformation Language Reference
Examples
Examples
The following examples modify a mapping that calculates sales for the current month. The mapping loads sales for one employee.
This expression flags records for Alex as updates and flags all others for rejection:
IIF( EMPLOYEENAME = 'Alex', DD_UPDATE, DD_REJECT )
This expression uses numeric literals to produce the same result, flagging Alex’s sales for update (1) and flagging all other sales records for rejection (3):
IIF( EMPLOYEENAME = 'Alex', 1, 3 )
The expression using constants is easier to read than the expression using numeric literals.
The following update strategy expression uses SYSDATE to find only those orders that have shipped in the last two days and flag them for insertion. Using DATE_DIFF, the expression subtracts DATE_SHIPPED from the system date, returning the difference between the two dates. Because DATE_DIFF returns a Double value, the expression uses TRUNC to truncate the difference. It then compares the result to the integer literal 2. If the result is greater than 2, the expression flags the records for rejection. If the result is 2 or less, it flags the records for update. Otherwise, it flags them for rejection:
IIF( TRUNC( DATE_DIFF( SYSDATE, ORDERS_DATE_SHIPPED, 'DD' ), 0 ) > 2, DD_REJECT, DD_UPDATE )
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Use Google to find help fast. For example, search on "xpressdox choosefromlist".
The Lookup Function
The Lookup Function
This function has many uses, but in particular it is a great benefit when templates are being used in different regions where there a slight but significant changes in language.
For example, a template being used anywhere in North America would need to take into account the different spellings of English words. It would be counter-productive to make one template for use in the USA, and another in all other English-speaking regions. The Lookup function helps to overcome this.
What is needed is that the template author establish the language of the required output document in the interview, with something like:
«ChooseFromList(Language,en-gb,en-us,en-ca)»
Then, in the document body where a word like “colour” (or “color”) is required, the Lookup function is used like this:
«Lookup(Language,'en-gb:colour;en-us:color')»
Notice:
• The different possibilities in the list are delimited by semi-colons.
• Each possibility consists of a pair separated by a colon. The first in the pair is the “key” to be compared, and the second is the value when there is a match with the supplied key value (in this case when the value of data element Language matches either ‘en-gb’ or ‘en-us’).
• The value for language code ‘en-ca’ is not included in the list in the Lookup function. In a case like this, the first pair in the list will be matched against all language codes which are not ‘en-gb’ or ‘en-us’ – in other words the value for ‘en-gb’ is the default – and when the Language is ‘en-ca’, the result of the function will be “colour”. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Finding Clues to Pain and Injury
It's our job as physical therapists to uncover clues to pain and injury with every visit. The human body is a finely tuned machine, and just like any machine, optimal function relies on all parts working together seamlessly. This interconnectedness is known as the kinetic chain, where movement in one area affects another.
So, what does this have to do with your shoes? Your shoes might be giving you clues about dysfunctional movement patterns, or even injuries, not preventing them.
Your Shoes Might be Giving you Clues
Are Your Shoes Contributing to Dysfunctional Movement Patterns, Pain or Even Injuries?
Here's Why:
• The Crutch Effect: Overly supportive shoes can weaken the muscles, tendons, and ligaments in your feet and ankles. This "crutch effect" weakens your body's natural shock absorption and stability, potentially leading to imbalances and pain up the kinetic chain, from your knees to your hips to your back (and so on)
• Sensory Deprivation: Thick soles and excessive cushioning disconnect your foot from the ground, hindering proprioception – your body's awareness of its position in space. This reduced sensory input can lead to faulty movement patterns throughout the kinetic chain. Ankle sprains and other leg injuries are extremely common due to thick soles and excessive cushioning.
Shoes as Clues:
• Excessive Wear Patterns: Uneven wear on your shoes can indicate imbalances and faulty weight distribution.
• Need for Orthotics: If you rely heavily on orthotics for support, it might be a sign of underlying muscular weakness or dysfunction we can address at Breaking Through.
We recommend a shoe that allows you to be as close to "barefoot" as possible.
*We do not recommend making a jump from a pronation control shoe to a minimalist shoe without assessment of your movement.
*We recommend an assessment to determine your ability to control pronation to determine the best shoe for you.
At Breaking Through, we focus on addressing the root cause of pain, not just the symptoms. We utilize a comprehensive approach that goes beyond footwear, including:
• Movement Analysis: We assess your movement patterns to identify any imbalances or dysfunctions in the kinetic chain.
• Strength and Conditioning: We help you strengthen the muscles that support your feet and ankles, promoting natural stability.
• Manual Therapy: We may use manual therapy techniques to address any tightness or restrictions that contribute to pain.
While shoes can offer some protection, they shouldn't become a crutch for proper movement. If you're experiencing pain, your shoes might be a clue to what's happening up the kinetic chain…
Ready to ditch the pain and move freely? Contact us for a free consultation.
We'll help you unlock your body's natural potential for pain-free movement, one step – or barefoot step – at a time! 🦶🏼
Related posts:
How to Pick the Best Running Shoe for Supination, Pronation and Injuries or Pain
Holistic Physical Therapy Programs: One80 System is a Game-Changer!
PT for Runners: Why Runners Are Racing to One80 PT for Injury Recovery and Prevention
Maximize Sports Performance with The One80 System®
Can Physical Therapy Help Foot and Ankle Pain?
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WHAT THEY SAY...
What do our patients say about foot and ankle pain, knee pain, back pain and/or shoulder pain treatments at Breaking Through? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College.pdf/111
Rh Applying Title VI to the cases now before us, the result is plain. The parties debate certain details of Harvard’s and UNC’s admissions practices. But no one disputes that both universities operate “program[s] or activit[ies] receiving Federal financial assistance.” §2000d. No one questions that both institutions consult race when making their admissions decisions. And no one can doubt that both schools intentionally treat some applicants worse than others at least in part because of their race.
Start with how Harvard and UNC use race. Like many colleges and universities, those schools invite interested students to complete the Common Application. As part of that process, the trial records show, applicants are prompted to tick one or more boxes to explain “how you identify yourself.” 4 App. in No. 21–707, p. 1732. The available choices are American Indian or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Hispanic or Latino; or White. Applicants can write in further details if they choose. Ibid.; see also 397 F. Supp. 3d 126, 137 (Mass. 2019); 567 F. Supp. 3d 580, 596 (MDNC 2021).
Where do these boxes come from? Bureaucrats. A federal interagency commission devised this scheme of classifications in the 1970s to facilitate data collection. See D. Bernstein, The Modern American Law of Race, 94 S. Cal. L. Rev. 171, 196–202 (2021); see also 43 Fed. Reg. 19269 (1978). That commission acted “without any input from anthropologists, sociologists, ethnologists, or other experts.” Brief for David E. Bernstein as Amicus Curiae 3 (Bernstein Amicus Brief). Recognizing the limitations of their work, federal regulators cautioned that their classifications “should not be interpreted as being scientific or anthropological in nature, nor should they be viewed as determinants of eligibility | WIKI |
Moranda Smith
Moranda Smith was a black labor organizer and unionist who served as the first regional director of Winston-Salem, North Carolina's local 22 of the Food, Tobacco, Agricultural and Allied Workers of America (FTA) in the 1930 and 1940s.
Career
Born of a sharecropping family in South Carolina, Smith led thousands of Winston-Salem workers to win $1,250,000 in back pay in the leaf houses and stemmeries. In 1943, after a Black worker fell dead at a Reynolds Tobacco Company plant, Smith, along with thousands of other Black women, participated in a spontaneous sit-down leading to a massive walkout forcing Reynolds to temporarily shut down.
Her leadership at the local 22 saw a 50% rise of minimum wages. The union also increased voter registration in the area, leading to the election of the first Black alderman in the South. Throughout her career as a unionist, Smith worked extensively, "openly defying" the Ku Klux Klan.
Personal life
Smith died in 1950 at the age of 34, "the strain of her activities seeming to be a major cause." | WIKI |
One of the main functions of the healthy kidneys is to prevent the proteins in the blood stream from draining out with the urine. It is therefore that doctors often suspect it to be a kidney problem or a disease when the protein amount within the urine has increased.
What Is a Leaking Kidney?
What Is a Leaking Kidney?
A malfunctioned or an inflammation of kidney results in a leaking kidney. Sometimes mild proteinuria is common and can be a normal circumstance. While the healthy kidneys does not allow excess amount of protein to filter out, a damaged kidney or a kidney with damaged filters due to any disease often cause a leak in proteins from the blood vessels.
The protein then flows out of the body with the urine. The condition of a leaking kidney is termed as proteinuria. Proteinuria is defined as a condition in which the urine contains an abnormal amount of protein. Proteinuria is often the first symptom of a deadly kidney disease. Whether you are suffering from proteinuria can be discovered when you do your urine test. A blood test shall follow to learn the well-being and the functionality of your kidneys.
What Are The Risk Factors For Proteinuria or A Leaking Kidney?
Two of the most common risk factors for proteinuria or a leaking kidney is:
• High blood pressure (B.P) or hypertension
• Diabetes.
Both of the above mention illnesses lead to a high rate of kidney damage which then causes proteinuria.
There are also several other kidney diseases which results in excess amount of protein leaking into the urine. Some of the types of kidney diseases which lead to proteinuria are:
• Trauma
• High level of toxins within the kidneys which the kidneys fail to filter out
• Infections in the kidneys
• Disorders of the immune system
• Medications and their side effects
• Obesity
• Old age, age especially above 65 years
• If there is a family history of kidney diseases
High blood pressure and increased amount of protein in the urine during pregnancy, also known as preeclampsia
Ethnicity and race can even be a factor for proteinuria. High blood pressure is very common in African-Americans, native Americans, Hispanics and Pacific Islanders compared to white people. Therefore people of the above mentioned ethnicity are more prone to proteinuria.
It is sometimes seen that if the body starts to produce more amount of protein, then proteinuria is often the result. Increased protein productions in case of multiple myeloma and amyloidosis lead to proteinuria.
Why Do You Need To Treat A Leaking Kidney and How?
Treatment of a leaking kidney or proteinuria is very important since it is often the first symptom for renal failure:
Diabetic Nephropathy: Any kind of kidney disease caused due to diabetes is termed as diabetic nephropathy. The first symptom of this disease is high amount of protein in urine.
Glomerular Disease: A broad category of several kinds of disease which surround and affect the glomeruli is known as glomerular disease. The first symptom is proteinuria.
Minimal Change Disease: Minimal change disease or glomerular nephritis through which young children can be identified since the first symptom is proteinuria.
Kidney Defects: A condition of leaking kidney can also be caused due to congenital kidney defects since birth.
Even though a condition of mild proteinuria is very normal, if proteinuria stops to show when the person is lying down, the state is known as orthostatic proteinuria. This also needs attentions since about 2 to 5 percent of teenagers suffer from orthostatic or postural proteinuria.
To treat the above diseases medications like Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers or ARBs are often prescribed by the doctors. For a proper treatment of a patient suffering from proteinuria when he or she is also diabetic or has high blood pressure, the reason for constant and progressive kidney damage has to be brought in check.
Pramod Kerkar
Written, Edited or Reviewed By:
, MD,FFARCSI
Pain Assist Inc.
Last Modified On: March 9, 2018
This article does not provide medical advice. See disclaimer
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[pgpool-committers: 3356] pgpool: Replace "MAJOR" macro to prevent occasional failure.
Tatsuo Ishii ishii at postgresql.org
Wed Jul 27 17:01:19 JST 2016
Replace "MAJOR" macro to prevent occasional failure.
It is reported that the macro could cause segfault
[http://www.pgpool.net/mantisbt/view.php?id=225]. The macro calls
pool_virtual_master_db_node_id() and then access
backend->slots[id]->con using the node id returned. In rare cases, it
could point to 0 (in case when the DB node is not connected), which
gives access to con->major, then it causes a segfault.
Since the intention of the macro is obtaining the protocol major
number, it is a little bit pointless to keep the info on the data for
each DB node because the number should be identical among DB
nodes. To fix this, now we have the protocol major and minor version
numbers in the session context and they are set when pgpool-II
connects to backend. The setter and getter functions are added .The
macro now just returns the stored data by using the getter function
(this will save a few cpu cycle).
Branch
------
V3_5_STABLE
Details
-------
http://git.postgresql.org/gitweb?p=pgpool2.git;a=commitdiff;h=340566de4cc4f9b6f3116135d265c526df78e55b
Modified Files
--------------
src/context/pool_session_context.c | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++
src/include/context/pool_session_context.h | 9 +++++
src/include/pool.h | 2 +-
src/protocol/child.c | 6 +++
src/rewrite/pool_timestamp.c | 4 +-
.../tests/010.rewrite_timestamp/timestamp/main.c | 5 +++
6 files changed, 70 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
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Ottokar Tumlirz
Ottokar Tumlirz (17 January 1856 – 4 May 1928) was an Austrian physicist.
He received his education at the University of Prague, obtaining his doctorate with a thesis on the expansion of sound and light waves (1879). At Prague he worked as an assistant to Ernst Mach (1838–1916) in the institute of experimental physics. After serving as a lecturer for several years in Prague, he relocated to the University of Vienna in 1890 as an assistant to Joseph Stefan (1835–1893). During the following year he was appointed associate professor of theoretical physics at the University of Czernowitz, where in 1894 he attained the title of "full professor". From 1905 to 1925 he served as a professor at the University of Innsbruck. Following his retirement, he was succeeded at Innsbruck by Arthur March (1891–1957).
His scientific research largely dealt with the specifics of thermodynamics and electromagnetism. He was the author of well-regarded books on the electromagnetic theory of light and electric potential.
* Elektromagnetische Theorie des Lichtes, (1883) - Electromagnetic theory of light.
* Das Potential und seine Anwendung zu der Erklärung der elektrischen Erscheinungen, (1884) - Potential and its application to the explanation of electrical phenomena.
In 1908 Tumlirz described careful and effective experiments which demonstrated the effect of the rotation of the Earth on the outflow of water through a central aperture, in a paper entitled "New physical evidence on the axis of rotation of the earth". | WIKI |
HHS chief: EpiPen cost surge shows need for negotiating power | TheHill
President Obama’s top health official said Thursday that the uproar over EpiPen pricing shows why the federal government should have the power to negotiate drug costs. Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Mathews Burwell said drug prices would be better controlled if Medicare and Medicaid could directly push pharmaceutical companies to lower costs. “One of the most important tools that we could gain would be an ability to negotiate,” Burwell said in her first public remarks about the pricing scandal at The Atlantic's Washington Ideas Forum on Thursday. "Access to drugs, and affordable access to drugs, we think is a priority. We need to take steps as a nation to make sure we do that," Burwell said. Congress has applied intense scrutiny to the life-saving EpiPen devices after the cost of a two-pack of allergy shots skyrocketed to $608 this year, up nearly 550 percent since 2007. Many lawmakers in both parties have written to Burwell and to the Department of Justice urging probes into the company's practices. The federal government is the largest spender on healthcare in the U.S. Medicare alone spent $87 million on EpiPens in 2014, up 1,151 percent since 2007, according to a recent study by the Kaiser Family Foundation. The drugmaker behind EpiPen, Mylan Pharmaceuticals, has also been accused of gaming the system under Medicaid by classifying the drug in a way that lowers its reimbursement rates by about half. The Obama administration has stepped up its calls for Medicare negotiation in the last two years as the rising cost of prescription drugs has burst into public view. Both presidential candidates have also said they would allow Medicare to negotiate drug prices, though the idea has been touted far more by Democratic nominee Hillary ClintonHillary Diane Rodham ClintonLewandowski on potential NH Senate run: If I run, 'I'm going to win' Fighter pilot vs. astronaut match-up in Arizona could determine control of Senate Progressive Democrats' turnout plans simply don't add up MORE than by the GOP’s Donald TrumpDonald John TrumpPossible GOP challenger says Trump doesn't doesn't deserve reelection, but would vote for him over Democrat O'Rourke: Trump driving global, U.S. economy into recession Manchin: Trump has 'golden opportunity' on gun reforms MORE. Both have predicted billions of dollars in savings, though the claims have been criticized by some health experts, who argue that millions of people under Medicare’s Part D drug benefit program already use private companies to help offset costs. - This story was updated at 12:15 p.m. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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