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How to Deal with an Orthodontic Emergency?
How to Deal with an Orthodontic Emergency
Anxiety about orthodontic emergencies is a common issue among people wearing braces or aligners. Reduced anxiety and suffering can result from understanding how to identify and handle these issues.
Orthodontic treatments play a crucial role in achieving a perfect smile, but sometimes unexpected emergencies can arise, causing discomfort or concern. Knowing how to handle emergency dentistry in a Rocky Mountain house can make a significant difference in minimizing pain and preventing further issues. In this blog, we’ll explore common orthodontic emergencies and provide practical tips on how to deal with them.
What Constitutes a Dental Emergency, Exactly?
An orthodontic emergency is any problem that requires an orthodontics near you to prompt attention. These emergencies could be anything from severe discomfort or damage to your braces or aligners to a gum infection or other oral illness. If you neglect these situations, they could lead to more problems and increase the length of your orthodontic treatment.
It is imperative that you do not try to treat the wounds or infection yourself, as this could exacerbate the situation or lengthen the duration of care. However, during the first few days of orthodontic treatment, pain and discomfort are to be expected. You might use the recommendations of your orthodontist to solve these early problems.
1. Loose Brackets or bands
– If a bracket or band becomes loose, try to gently reposition it using clean tweezers.
– Apply orthodontic wax to secure the loose bracket temporarily.
– Contact your dentist near you immediately to schedule a repair appointment.
2. Poking or Loose Wires
– If a wire is poking or has come loose, use the eraser end of a pencil to gently push it back into place.
– Apply orthodontic wax to the irritating area to provide temporary relief.
– If the wire is causing severe discomfort, consider using small nail clippers to trim it carefully.
– Reach out to your orthodontist for further guidance and to schedule a repair.
3. Discomfort from Braces
– Over-the-counter pain relievers, as recommended by your orthodontist, can help alleviate discomfort.
– Rinsing with a saltwater solution can provide relief for sore gums and cheeks.
– Cold compresses applied to the affected area can reduce inflammation.
4. Lost Retainer
– If your retainer is lost or broken, contact your orthodontist promptly to discuss replacement options.
– In the meantime, make sure to wear your last retainer as directed to prevent any relapse in tooth movement.
5. Mouth Sores or Ulcers
– Rinse your mouth with a saltwater solution to promote healing and reduce discomfort.
– Apply orthodontic wax to smooth out any rough edges on braces that may be contributing to the sores.
– If the sores persist, consult your orthodontist for further evaluation.
6. Swollen Gums or Lips
Applying cold compresses can aid in reducing edema.
– Maintain good oral hygiene practices to prevent infection.
– Schedule an appointment with your orthodontist to address any underlying issues contributing to the swelling.
Orthodontic emergency overview,
In addition to easing discomfort, being prepared for orthodontic emergencies can help prevent further damage or issues. The first thing you should do in an orthodontic emergency is give your orthodontist a call right away. Before you reach their office, they will provide you with advice on how to handle dental emergencies. Furthermore, managing discomfort and averting further damage can be achieved by applying orthodontic wax, rinsing with salt water, avoiding hard and sticky meals, and taking over-the-counter pain medicines. You may make sure that your orthodontic treatment proceeds easily and comfortably with Aspen Dental Clinic by paying attention to these pointers.
Handling orthodontic emergencies with calmness and the right approach can make a significant difference in your overall orthodontic experience. Remember that communication with your orthodontist is key; don’t hesitate to reach out to them when faced with an emergency. By taking proactive steps and following these guidelines, you can navigate orthodontic emergencies with confidence, ensuring your journey to a beautiful smile stays on track.
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Rain, Hail and Darkness Keep Phil Mickelson on Verge of Pebble Beach Win
PEBBLE BEACH, Calif. — Phil Mickelson put himself on the verge of a fifth victory at the Pebble Beach Pro-Am by turning a three-shot deficit into a three-shot lead when a wild day of weather kept him from finishing on Sunday. Mickelson was bogey-free with six birdies, and he made his big run starting with a 9-iron to a foot behind the cup on the par-4 ninth. That was start of a five-hole stretch when Mickelson made three birdies and Paul Casey had two bogeys. About the only thing that did not go Mickelson’s way was the timing. The final round started an hour late because of rain, and then it was delayed two more hours when sunshine gave way to a hailstorm in a matter of minutes, covering the greens in a sheet of white. Mickelson was at 18 under par through 16 holes. Casey had a 3-foot par putt on the same hole when Mickelson tried to lobby for them to finish, even in the dark. “I can see fine,” Mickelson told a rules official. “I don’t want to put Paul in a bad spot.” Casey simply could not see, and he realized it was not possible to finish all 18 holes — “We can’t finish two holes in six minutes,” he said to the official — he opted to mark his ball on the 16th green. Mickelson already made his par on the 16th and was 6 under for the day, with no bogeys on his card, and 18-under par for the tournament. Casey has a 3-foot par putt to stay three shots behind when they return Monday morning to play the par-3 17th and the par-5 18th. “I hit some good golf shots and didn’t get anything out of it today,” Casey said. “Phil has put together a spectacular round of golf so far: 6 under, no dropped shots. Remarkable stuff.” Casey was tied with Scott Stallings, who closed with a 66. Jason Day closed with a 68 and was tied for fourth at 13 under with Si Woo Kim (68). Mickelson was standing on the 17th tee when he heard the horn sound to stop play, and he shook his head. The rest of his day was far better than the weather. Mickelson is closing in on his 44th PGA Tour victory, and on the verge of matching Mark O’Meara with five victories at a tournament he first played in 1995. His first one also was a Monday finish, when players returned in August — more than six months later — to finish the third round of the weather-plagued tournament to make it official. “We’ve got two tough holes left and I don’t want to jump the gun and get past that,” Mickelson said. “I know a lot can happen in these two holes and they have happened in the past, so I want to stay focused and just come out tomorrow and try to finish it off. I wish we could do it tonight.” It would be his first victory on American soil since the Phoenix Open six years ago. He won the British Open that summer in Scotland, and the Mexico Championship last year. His brilliant play still shared the stage with weather that was bizarre even by Pebble Beach standards. Mickelson and Casey were waiting to tee off when clouds moved in quickly moved in, and rain turned into hail that pounded umbrellas, many of them held sideways to account for the wind. Greens quickly were covered by the tiny white pellets, and workers went from using squeegees for excess water to power blowers to remove the hail. Sam Saunders, whose grandfather Arnold Palmer was among the Pebble Beach owners, scooped up hail and tossed it like a snowball. Patrick Reed’s brother tried to make a snow angel. There was never a reasonable chance to finish in his pro-am format, with mostly foursomes across the golf course. Casey has never won in three previous times he had a 54-hole lead on the tour, all of them by two shots or more, and he was holding his own against the relentless pursuit of Mickelson, who missed three straight birdie putts from the 12-foot range by the slimmest margins. Casey had great par saves, and then Mickelson took off. After his 9-iron into a foot at No. 9 to pull to one shot behind, Mickelson holed a 12-foot birdie on the 10th with a drive that hugged the right side of the fairway and probably would have bounced into the ocean if not for conditions so soft from rain that balls plugged where they landed. Casey blinked first with a bogey on the 11th hole, and another on the par-3 12th when his tee shot came up short and into the bunker. Mickelson poured it on, showing his skills have not deteriorated a bit at 48, controlling spin beautifully to back pin positions. He just did not want to stay another day. “I get where Paul is coming from,” Mickelson said. “We’re going to have a good chance to come out on fresh greens. I have good vision, I can see fine and I wanted to continue. In all honesty, it’s a good thing to play the last two holes in fresh conditions.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The unusual coordination abilities of the peptides with βxaaHisGlyHis sequence. the influence of structural modification of the peptide chain on the copper(ii) binding
Justyna Brasuń, Hanna Czapor, Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz, Aleksandra Kotynia, Aleksandra Sochacka, Marek Cebrat
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
6 Scopus citations
Abstract
The coordination abilities of tetrapeptides containing β-amino acids towards Cu(ii) ions are presented. The studied tetrapeptides were: Ac-βAlaHisGlyHis, βAlaHisGlyHis, Ac-βAspHisGlyHis, βAspHisGlyHis, Ac-βAspHisGly-dHis and βAspHisGly-dHis. Thorough potentiometric titrations were carried out to establish the stoichiometry of the resulting metal-ligand complexes and the role of free -αCOO- side chain group in metal binding. The copper(ii) coordination mode of the complexes was investigated by performing detailed spectroscopic analyses (UV-Vis, EPR, CD) in strict correlation with potentiometric measurements.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)6518-6523
Number of pages6
JournalDalton Transactions
Volume39
Issue number28
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 28 2010
Externally publishedYes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Inorganic Chemistry
• Medicine(all)
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Dive into the research topics of 'The unusual coordination abilities of the peptides with βxaaHisGlyHis sequence. the influence of structural modification of the peptide chain on the copper(ii) binding'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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Gabrk, Škofja Loka
Gabrk is a small village on the left bank of the Poljane Sora River in the Municipality of Škofja Loka in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
Name
Gabrk was attested in historical sources as Gabrich in 1286, Gaberch in 1296, Gabriach circa 1400, and Gaberkch in 1414. The name comes from the common noun *gabrik 'hornbeam forest' (from gaber 'hornbeam'), referring to the local vegetation. | WIKI |
William Grainge
William Grainge (25 January 1818 – 29 September 1895) was an English antiquarian and poet, and a historian of Yorkshire. He was born into a farming family in Dishforth and grew up on Castiles Farm near Kirkby Malzeard in the North Riding of Yorkshire, where he studied the archaeological site beneath the farm buildings, now known as Cast Hills settlement. Although he left school at age 12, he educated himself well enough to become a clerk to a solicitors' firm in Boroughbridge. He later established a bookshop in Harrogate and published numerous books on local history and topography, besides publishing a number of anonymous poems and discourses about local natural history.
Grainge befriended the young John Farrah, and taught him botany and other natural history. Farrah was a grocer and an amateur botanist, who went on to become a Fellow of The Linnean Society and chairman of Yorkshire Naturalists' Union. After Grainge died, Farrah gave a lecture about Grainge's life and works, and later wrote a tribute to him. Most of what we know about Grainge's life comes from Farrah.
Castiles
On Monday 2 December 1895, soon after William Grainge died, the Harrogate Field Naturalists' and Camera Club met to hear a lecture by their past president, Yorkshire naturalist John Farrah (1849–1907), about the man's life and career. Farrah said that although Grainge was born at Dishforth on 25 January 1818 his parents (farmer Thomas Grainge (c.1771 – Stokesley 1841 or 1845) and Elizabeth Chapman (Hutton Rudby c.1778 – Ripon 1867)) had taken over the family property, Castiles Farm near Kirkby Malzeard, by the following March. Grainge was the youngest heir of that family, and Castiles was where he grew up, and where his once-yeoman family had farmed for three centuries. Grainge attended Kirkby Malzeard village school, leaving at age 12 to work on the farm for fifteen years. He was otherwise self-taught. While working "he employed every moment of his leisure time gathering scientific knowledge". He would carry pocket volumes of Dove's Classics; "when those around him rested or slept, he read".
Boroughbridge
Grainge's father Thomas died in 1841 or 1845. By 1851 Grainge was a solicitor's writing clerk, living with his widowed mother Elizabeth in Minskip. In 1845, at the age of 27 Grainge became clerk to Boroughbridge solicitor Mr Hirst (later Hirst & Capes), remaining there for fourteen years and producing his first publication, The History of Aldborough and Boroughbridge, in 1853, although he was not credited as author, because "his modesty would not permit of it". This was followed by three more works written at Boroughbridge: Battles and Battlefields (1854), Castles and Abbeys (1855) and Vale of Mowbray (1859).
Harrogate
Grainge married Mary Chapman (Minskip c.1829 – Harrogate 1908) in 1855 at Great Ouseburn. They had three children all born in Minskip: Elizabeth (born c.1856) who assisted in the stationery shop; Thomas (born c.1858) a railway clerk; and Ann Bentley nee Grainge (born c.1860) a dressmaker. The 1861 and 1871 censuses find the family living at 1 Cheltenham Place, Harrogate. In 1881 Grainge and his family were living in Chapel Street, Harrogate. However, according to Farrah, in 1860 Grainge opened a shop in Baker Lane (later Walker Road) in Harrogate, selling books and stationery. He later opened a shop in Chapel street, converting the Walker Road shop into a private house called Ripon House. There he wrote what he believed to be the first History of Harrogate and the Forest of Knaresborough (1871), published, like many of his other local histories, by subscription. Although Grainge had left Hirst & Capes, he remained able to act in a legal capacity. In 1886 he was granted letters of administration in respect of the will of Isabella Mason (died 1885) and Isabella's sister Jane Deighton.
Death
Grainge died in number 12 Chapel Street, Harrogate, on 29 September 1895. "For a month previous he had been confined to the house, but the glorious sunshine tempted him out. During the day he continued to feel better, but after returning at night his heart failed, and he passed away peacefully." He was buried in Grove Road Cemetery, Harrogate.
Character
Grainge was a practical and outdoor antiquarian and naturalist, and took John Farrah under his wing as a student and assistant: "[They] tramped together hundreds of miles ... Mr Grainge possessed the happy knack of drawing persons into conversation when he took his long journeys on foot. Many thousands of miles must he have walked alone (yet never alone) in search of information. Very seldom indeed had he any other conveyance except the two stout legs with which nature had blessed him. If the distance to the district was a long one he rode, but the moment his researches commenced the conveyance was abandoned. He avoided walking on the highway when he could help it, always kept clear of a crowd, and was the happiest when alone with the subject he had in hand. He was not only an antiquarian, for every object in nature afforded him the greatest delight."
Grainge and Farrah
John Farrah F.L.S., F.R.Met.S, was a baker, a grocer, an amateur botanist, a "great Yorkshire character", and chairman of Yorkshire Naturalists' Union in 1906. He said that he knew Grainge, "better than anyone else, even better than the members of [Grainge's] family in a scientific sense". They first met when Farrah was a boy, purchasing books from his bookshop. The regular April–September Sunday walks taken by Grainge and Farrah began in 1873, when Farrah was about twenty-four years old, and Grainge was fifty-five. An average walk would be a 24 mi round trip. On summer evenings after work, they would walk over Harlow Moor to Birk Crag. With Grainge, Farrah first heard the nightjar's buzzing call. A favourite trip was to the Magnesian Limestone slope of Rig Moor, travelling via rail to Nidd Bridge, then walking through Nidd Park, Brearton, a green lane, and fields. On the moor "they found numerous variety of plants delightful to the botanist". After Grainge died, Farrah wrote a Tribute to him, describing their friendship and listing Grainge's publications.
A large portrait (pictured above) of Grainge hangs in Harrogate library. The painting was presented to Harrogate Field Naturalists' and Camera Club in the late 1890s by John Farrah. It moved to Harrogate library in 1916 when it was presented by Farrah's son Joseph.
Archaeology and research
Castiles, Grainge's family farm, is an archaeological site. Farrah described it thus in 1895: "Castiles is the site of a military camp, and is one of the largest British earthworks to be found in Yorkshire; here Mr. Grainge spent the first 27 years of his life. He surveyed and studied every detail of these extensive earthworks, eventually drawing a plan, explaining every portion. Here he had at his own door one of the most interesting fields for research, and one that coincided exactly with his taste ... The writing of [his] books entailed an amount of labour, mental and physical, which few men were capable of; all the matter was collected by himself exclusively; parish registers and other documents were searched most carefully, and thus a large number of interesting facts was unearthed and rescued from oblivion."
Although, according to Farrah, Grainge saw Castiles as a military camp, saying it also "bore evidence of having been the scene of Druidical worship", today's archaeologists see it differently. It is now known as Cast Hills settlement, which extends beneath Castiles farm house and beneath the buildings across the road to the south of it. It also extends to the south and to the north-east of those buildings. Heritage Gateway describes it as an Iron Age settlement which is protective, but not defensive. The site is now damaged, but it had a "central circular rampart of stone surrounded by a large irregular area, enclosed by a trench". There is no public access, but "25 earthfast boulders and a boundary ditch" can be seen over the wall near Castiles farm house, from the Laverton–Pateley Bridge road. It is possible that Grainge mistook a settlement with a rampart for a military camp, however just under 2 mi to the west of Castiles is Fortress Dyke, described as "a probable Iron Age/Romano-British square enclosure surviving as an earthwork", and Farrah - a naturalist, not an antiquarian - may have conflated the two sites. Grainge is likely to have visited Fortress Dyke, because while at Castiles "alone he explored all the valleys, woods, glens and ravines within half-a-dozen miles of his home".
In 1850, after Grainge had left Castiles, his relatives Edwin and John Grainge had moved to Bramley Grange. When peat-digging there, they found Grewelthorpe Man, a bog man, of whom only the stockings and sandals survived to be passed on to the Museum of the Philosophical Society. Grainge was able to describe "sandals of a finely artistic shape" in his Millenary of 1892.
Poetry
From 1834 when he was sixteen, Grainge's poetry was published anonymously in York and Leeds newspapers. The verses covered a variety of subjects. He produced "about two hundred pieces of poetry" in all.
Local influence
When the Leeds waterworks was under construction in the Washburn Valley, local property owners sued Leeds Corporation for damages following a landslip at Fewston. However, Grainge's History of the Forest of Knaresborough "showed conclusively that landslips occurred in the neighbourhood long before operations were commenced in connection with the Leeds waterworks", and that won the case for Leeds Corporation.
Obituaries
Grainge's obituary in the Globe said: "[His] reputation as historian of Yorkshire, archaeologist and naturalist, was more than local. His works on geology, and on the castles and abbeys of Yorkshire, showed much research and care, his Poets and Poetry of Yorkshire became very popular, and he also dealt with the battles and the battlefields of the county. He was also an eminent botanist, and an authority on all antiquarian matters in the Harrogate district."
The West Somerset Free Press said: "One of the little regarded but invaluable company of local historians has been removed by the death of Mr William Grainge, of Harrogate, at the age of 77. A stationer by trade he devoted all his leisure to the history and topography of his county, and from time to time produced a number of books on the subject, which are held in high esteem in archaeological circles ... He was a naturalist of considerable standing, and a close observer and methodical chronicler of physical phenomena."
J.H. Lofthouse, the president of the Harrogate Field Naturalists' and Camera Club, said that, "Like many other men of genius, Mr Grainge was very little known, and, he was afraid, very little appreciated by the people of Harrogate and district. Men of genius who happened to be in humble circumstances very seldom were appreciated until it was too late for that appreciation to be any benefit to them. He thought that future generations would probably appreciate Mr. Grainge's efforts more than the present one."
History
* "On the tumuli at North Deighton", "A visit to Claro Hill" and "A visit to Aldborough, the Roman Isubrigantum", in John Burniston's magazine Northern Summary (Knaresborough, 1849).
* The Battles and Battle Fields of Yorkshire (1854).
* The Castles and Abbeys of Yorkshire: a historical and descriptive account of the most celebrated ruins in the county (1855).
* An Historic and Descriptive account of Swinsty Hall (1857).
* Vale of Mowbray: a historical and topographical account of Thirsk and its neighbourhood (1859).
* Guide to Harrogate (1860).
* Memoir of Sir William Slingsby (1862).
* The History of Nidderdale (1863).
* The Tourist's Guide to Brimham Rocks (1863).
* Geology of Harrogate (1864).
* Three Wonderful Yorkshire Characters: namely, Henry Jenkins, Blind Jack i.e. John Metcalf of Knaresborough and Peg Wharton (1864).
* Yorkshire Longevity : or, records and biographical anecdotes of persons who have attained to extreme old age within the County (1864).
* A History of Knaresborough (1865).
* The Scottish Pedlar (a legend) (1866).
* Swinsty Hall: its History etc. (1867).
* Rambles on Rombald's Moor (1868).
* History and Topography of Harrogate and the Forest of Knaresborough (1871, 1873).
* Annals of a Yorkshire Abbey: A Popular History of the Famous Monastery of Fountains (1880).
* Ripon Millenary, a Record of the Festival. Also a history of the city, arranged under its wakemen and mayors from the year 1400 (1892).
* Geology of Harrogate (1895).
* History & Topography of Little Timble, Great Timble & Snowden (1895). (Published on Grainge's last birthday, 25 January 1895).
* Some of the Walks and Footpaths Around Harrogate: Described and arranged in the form of short excursions (1903).
* Demonologia : A Discourse on Witchcraft as It Was Acted in the Family of Mr. Edward Fairfax (1882).
* Sixpenny Book of Views of Harrogate and District (before 1893).
Poets and poetry
* The Poets and Poetry of Yorkshire. Comprising Biographical Notices of the Most Eminent Poets, Natives of the County of York. with Extracts from Their Writings, Etc. (two volumes, 1868).
Other works
Besides the above publications, Grainge left a number of manuscripts and lecture-notes, and partial histories of villages of the North Riding of Yorkshire. Some of these were published in the Leeds Mercury, Yorkshire Post, Harrogate Advertiser and Harrogate Herald under the name of "Forester".
Reviews
* "Of Memoir of the Life of William Slingsby, Knt, Discoverer of the First Spa at Harrogate: [Grainge] shows that "the date of this discovery", which, "is generally fixed in 1576", is "probably twenty or more years too early, as at that time Slingsby would only be fourteen years of age, and could not have travelled much in Germany or elsewhere". Sir William's discovery, as Mr. Grainge expresses it, "has been the means of converting the uncultivated, unpeopled wilderness into a large and elegant town, the permanent abode of nearly 5,000 inhabitants, and annually, during the summer months, the resort of at least 20,000 more; adorned with pump-rooms, churches, elegant villas, sumptuous hotels, and long streets of substantial dwellings"". (Bury Times 1862).
* Of The History and Topography of Harrogate and the Forest of Knaresborough: "The district of which this volume treats was formerly known as the Royal Forest of Knaresborough, and of which no previous history can be said to exist. In this work a detailed account is given of each place, from the earliest known times to the present day, chiefly derived from materials never before published. Pedigrees are given of the principal landowners in the district – both ancient and modern; and pains have been taken to collect notices of eminent individuals and families connected with the district, some of which have been little known to the public. Besides what may be termed as the political, civil and ecclesiastical history of the district, sketches of the physical history and geology are given, principally derived from the author's personal observations, made during the last ten years". {Knaresborough Post, 1873)
* Of the Demonologia: "Extraordinary as it may appear, considering the ability and reputation of the writer – the nature of the subject – the eager curiosity of mankind for the wonderful, and apparently supernatural – and the length of time which has elapsed since this treatise was written – this is the first time that this work of the learned translator of Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered has been fairly offered to the general public, the previous publication being only for the members of "The Philbiblion Society". To the students of human nature this work cannot fail to be highly interesting, as it gives the most minute and graphic account from day to day of the symptoms of witchcraft that has ever been written thus giving a clear insight into the most singular piece of credulity that ever afflicted the human race. The author at the same time, in language pure and simple, gives us a faithful picture of the mode of life, manners and customs of the lower order of gentry of that period, in England such as can hardly be found elsewhere." (Quoted from: Pateley Bridge and Nidderdale Herald, 1882). | WIKI |
Robert Muchamore
Robert Kilgore Muchamore (born 26 December 1971) is an English author of young adult fiction. He's best known for his CHERUB, Henderson's Boys and Rock War series.
Early life
Robert Kilgore Muchamore was born in Tufnell Park, London, on 26 December 1971, and is the youngest of four children; his father was a milkman and his mother a cleaning lady. Muchamore grew up in Tufnell Park and attended St. Johns Upper Holloway and Acland Burghley School, leaving with a D in A-Level Economics and aspired to be either an architect, photographer or writer. His first job was at an heir hunters firm called Fraser & Fraser.
CHERUB
Muchamore started writing the CHERUB novels because his nephew Jared, who lived in Australia, could not find any novels that he liked reading. He tried to write novels that he would have enjoyed reading when he was an adolescent, a time when he remembers being too old for children's novels but not old enough to read adult novels.
The CHERUB series follows the life of a character named James Adams (formerly James Choke) and his younger half-sister Lauren Adams (formerly Lauren Onions), a member of CHERUB (Charles Henderson's Espionage Research Unit B), a top-secret branch of the British Secret Service. The organisation recruits orphaned children and trains them as spies. Once qualified, they are used to investigate targets ranging from international terrorists to gang leaders. As children, they are considered innocent by their targets. CHERUB agents start basic training at the age of ten. Basic training is a gruelling, tiresome 100-day course that prepares CHERUBs for the dangers they could face during missions. CHERUB agents are then eligible for missions upon completion. Once they have passed basic training, agents take part in missions, before compulsory retirement at the age of seventeen.
Muchamore has written and published seventeen CHERUB novels and a World Book Day novella which combined have sold over 15,000,000 copies.
The CHERUB series has been sold in more than twenty countries and has won various awards. Most notably, The Recruit has won eight literature awards.One of them was National Book Award in 2008.
Henderson's Boys
Muchamore has authored a second series of novels about the origins of CHERUB entitled Henderson's Boys. The first, The Escape, was released on 5 February 2009 in the UK. Six novels followed, with the seventh and final novel, Scorched Earth, being released in February 2013.
The Henderson's Boys novels are set during World War II and follow Charles Henderson, a British secret agent, as he creates the organisation later featured in the CHERUB series. The novels centre around four children: Marc Kilgour, Paul Clarke, Rosie Clarke, and PT Bivott.
CHERUB: Aramov
The second series of CHERUB books is subtitled Aramov, so-called because the antagonists of the first three books of the series are the Aramov Clan. The first novel, People's Republic, was released in August 2011. Guardian Angel was released in September 2012, Black Friday was released in September 2013, and Lone Wolf was released in September 2014. The final book in the series, New Guard, was released in June 2016.
Rock War
In 2014, it was announced that Muchamore would be writing another novel, Rock War, which has no connection to CHERUB or Henderson Boys, except a cameo appearance by one character. It was published on 27 February 2014, and follows the story of Jay, Summer and Dylan entering a musical competition. A novella titled The Audition was released for World Book Day 2014. The second book in the series, Boot Camp, was published in October 2015. The third book in the series, Gone Wild, was published in October 2016, and the fourth and final book in the series, Crash Landing, was published in October 2017.
Robin Hood
In February 2019, Muchamore announced that he would be writing a new series, based on Robin Hood and set in the 2020s. The series is planned to span at least eight books.
Hacking Heists & Flaming Arrows, the first book in the series, was published on 2 April 2020. Piracy, Paintballs & Zebras, the second book in the series, was published on 7 January 2021. Jetskis, Swamps & Smugglers, the third book in the series, was published on 8 July 2021. Drones, Dams & Destruction, the fourth book in the series, was published on 3 February 2022.
Ransoms, Raids & Revenge, the fifth book in the series, was published in July 2022. The sixth book in the series, Bandits, Dirt Bikes & Trash, will be published on 9 March 2023.
The seventh book in the series will be published in July 2023; the eighth, in March 2024.
Other novels
Home is another novel written by Muchamore. It was deemed too violent to be published by any children's publisher that Muchamore approached, so it was never published. The story follows civil war in an unstated central African state, but most probably the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The full novel has been released by the author online.
In between writing The Recruit and Class A, Muchamore wrote a novel called Little Criminals. He posted the first two chapters onto the CHERUB series' official forum, to see what his fans thought. Unlike Home, Muchamore has not published the rest of the text on his fan forum because he still holds out some hope that it will be published.
Killer T is Muchamore's first standalone novel, and was published in September 2018. It is set in Las Vegas in the near future, when genetic modifications are commonplace. It tells a story bridging ten years of the lives of Harry and Charlie, aged 13 and 12 at the start of the book.
Arctic Zoo is Muchamore's second standalone novel, and was published in July 2019. It follows two teenagers living very different lives, and features themes of protest, sexuality, mental health and flawed leadership.
CHERUB
* 1) The Recruit (April 2004)
* 2) Class A (October 2004; also known as The Dealer in the US and The Mission in the UK bookclub edition)
* 3) Maximum Security (April 2005)
* 4) The Killing (October 2005)
* 5) Divine Madness (April 2006)
* 6) Man vs Beast (October 2006)
* 7) The Fall (March 2007)
* 8) Mad Dogs (October 2007)
* 9) The Sleepwalker (February 2008)
* 10) Dark Sun (World Book Day novella; March 2008)
* 11) The General (September 2008)
* 12) Brigands MC (September 2009)
* 13) Shadow Wave (August 2010)
CHERUB: Aramov
* 1) People's Republic (August 2011)
* 2) Guardian Angel (August 2012)
* 3) Black Friday (September 2013)
* 4) Lone Wolf (August 2014)
* 5) New Guard (June 2016)
Henderson's Boys
* 1) The Escape (February 2009)
* 2) Eagle Day (June 2009)
* 3) Secret Army (February 2010)
* 4) Grey Wolves (February 2011)
* 5) The Prisoner (February 2012)
* 6) One Shot Kill (November 2012)
* 7) Scorched Earth (February 2013)
Rock War
* 1) Rock War (February 2014)
* 2) The Audition (World Book Day novella; March 2014)
* 3) Boot Camp (October 2015)
* 4) Gone Wild (October 2016)
* 5) Crash Landing (October 2017)
Robin Hood
* 1) Hacking Heists & Flaming Arrows (April 2020)
* 2) Piracy, Paintballs & Zebras (January 2021)
* 3) Jetskis, Swamps & Smugglers (July 2021)
* 4) Drones, Dams & Destruction (February 2022)
* 5) Ransoms, Raids & Revenge (July 2022)
* 6) Bandits, Dirt Bikes & Trash (Mar 2023)
Other
* 1) Killer T (September 2018)
* 2) Arctic Zoo (July 2019)
* 3) Safari Destruction (November 2020) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/Shortlist Music Prize/archive1
* The following is an archived discussion of a featured list nomination. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the article's talk page or in Wikipedia talk:Featured list candidates. No further edits should be made to this page.
The list was promoted by The Rambling Man 15:47, 13 February 2010.
Shortlist Music Prize
* Nominator(s): RB88 (T) 01:24, 9 January 2010 (UTC)
Let's see what the FLC fuss is all about. Like the award, modelled on the Mercury Prize. RB88 (T) 01:24, 9 January 2010 (UTC)
* Support I made a few copy-edits to the lead, but the list otherwise looks good. One thing: I saw that you changed "won" to "were successful". I know that close repetition in prose is usually frowned upon, but I think the parallel structure makes the repeated "won"s work here. Also, the current phrasing might make the reader think that "were successful" means something different from "won". However, it's a not a big deal. Dabomb87 (talk) 23:23, 15 January 2010 (UTC)
* Thanks. I know, I know, repetition is a pet peeve of mine. I tried to find a better synonym, but that's all I could come with. Although, I think that following the sentence's initial clause before the colon, it should be clear we're talking about winners. Plus win is used three time in that same sentence just in case there was any ambiguity. RB88 (T) 23:28, 15 January 2010 (UTC)
* Good points. Like I said, the issue is not a big deal, and your explanations are satisfactory. Dabomb87 (talk) 23:32, 15 January 2010 (UTC)
* Support - I can't find anything and think its a pretty solid job. Afro ( Not a Terrible Joke ) - Afkatk 11:53, 21 January 2010 (UTC)
* Cheers. RB88 (T) 06:26, 23 January 2010 (UTC)
Support Mm40 (talk) 19:28, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
* Cheers. RB88 (T) 17:07, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
Comments from
* General
* Dabs, links, contributors, and alt text check out fine.
* Lead
* Per MOS:BOLD, don't bold other names that aren't the title of the article. If you want to emphasize a name, use italics or quotations. The other names aren't really synonyms since they were one time names.
* DONE. RB88 (T) 20:57, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* Actually, re-read WP:MOSBOLD, it says alternative names can be bolded..., to whit: "The most common use of boldface is to highlight the article title, and often synonyms, in the lead section (first paragraph). This is done for the vast majority of articles, but there are exceptions. See Lead section – Format of the first sentence for in-depth coverage." The Rambling Man (talk) 21:11, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* Yeah, but the other names aren't really synonyms, they are one time names. Like Grammy awards and Grammys are synonyms.-- T ru c o 503 23:08, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* I've started a discussion about this at Wikipedia talk:Lead section. Dabomb87 (talk) 23:31, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* TBH, I'm not that fussed. I doubt it removes or adds much. RB88 (T) 22:19, 12 February 2010 (UTC)
* Change this sentence to: The majority of the seven winners so far have been singer-songwriters: Irishman Damien Rice won in 2003,[3] Americans Sufjan Stevens and Cat Power were successful in 2005 and 2006, respectively,[4][8] and Canadian Feist won in 2007. --a comma is needed before respectively.
* DONE. RB88 (T) 20:57, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* Theres no explanation (in any source) as to why it was stopped in '07?
* Because it hasn't, that's why it says "is an award". There's been no news about its end. It's more of a hiatus (probably because of the recession). RB88 (T) 20:57, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* I would probably state that, or it will make the article sound a bit outdated.-- T ru c o 503 23:08, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* Added a hiatus note in the box. There aren't any specific sources, so what the text says is what's available really. It sums it up pretty well in my opinion. RB88 (T) 22:19, 12 February 2010 (UTC)
* Table
* Shortlisted is in terms of the name of the award or in general like they were on the list but didn't win?
* Works both ways really (and accurately). RB88 (T) 20:57, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* Ah, gotcha.-- T ru c o 503 23:08, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* External links
* No template for the winners?-- T ru c o 503 01:40, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* Does that really affect the decision for an article to be made FA or FL? I would put it if it existed but really cannot be bothered to make it. If someone does, then fair enough. RB88 (T) 20:57, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* Template/category (pref) would be fine, but has no bearing at all on this FLC. The Rambling Man (talk) 21:11, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* It was just a suggestion that would enhance the article but not affect its FLC.-- T ru c o 503 23:08, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* Support -- previous issues resolved; now meets WP:WIAFL.-- T ru c o 503 23:46, 12 February 2010 (UTC)
| WIKI |
1993 Cuban parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Cuba on 24 February 1993 alongside elections to the fourteen Provincial Assemblies. Following the implementation of a new electoral law in 1992, voters now elected the National Assembly directly. Previously voters had elected members of the country's 169 municipal assemblies, who in turn had elected the National Assembly.
More than 60,000 people applied to be candidates, with the National Candidature Commission eventually selecting a list of 589 candidates. Voters could vote for the entire list or selected candidates. All 589 candidates received the 50% of votes required for election.
Voter turnout was reported to be 99.57%. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2010 May 3
Template:SimpsonsSeason1
The result of the discussion was Delete. RL0919 (talk) 23:55, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
Orphaned template. There are no other season navigation bars for other seasons, and the infoboxes on each episode already contain a list of episodes for the season. Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 23:58, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete - orphaned, purpose served by the infoboxes. Airplaneman ✈ 18:09, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
Template:SOP
The result of the discussion was Delete. RL0919 (talk) 23:54, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
Orphaned sidebar template. I'm not sure if it is needed. In any event, it should be put to some use, or deleted. Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 23:47, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Weak delete - orphaned. Airplaneman ✈ 18:10, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
Template:Khonkaen F.C.
The result of the discussion was Delete. RL0919 (talk) 23:51, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
Khon Kaen Province is the geographical area, i.e. not part of the topic. Honours is a section link to the already linked main article. None of the other articles (apart from the main article) actually exist. Jameboy (talk) 23:31, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related deletions. Jameboy (talk) 23:41, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. – PeeJay 23:51, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Nothing to add. Airplaneman ✈ 18:08, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
Template:Disney's Princess and the Frog
The result of the discussion was Delete. I deleted a navbox on this topic per a previous TFD in December, and re-creations of similar content have been speedy deleted. I was notified of this template for possible speedy deletion, but decided to let the discussion go to see if there was any difference in the consensus now. There isn't. RL0919 (talk) 23:48, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
Template only links four articles together, three of which are already closely interlinked and the fourth not even closely related. BOVINEBOY 2008 ) 23:09, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* For the love of God, leave my template alone, get a life!!!!!!User:Hillaryangellecarter —Preceding undated comment added 23:21, 3 May 2010 (UTC).
* Delete - this template has been deleted several times in the past. It has only 3 articles, the rest is red links and "Related media", so this falls under Not everything needs a navbox. -- LoЯd ۞pεth 02:39, 4 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete per nom (and creator's response). Navbox not needed. Airplaneman ✈ 18:06, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Templates can only be justified by their usefulness, not on religious grounds... --Jameboy (talk) 21:20, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
Rugby league infoboxes
The result of the discussion was Delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 21:47, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
First two unused, the third has just a few instances. All Unedited since 2008. Redundant to Infobox rugby league biography. Andy Mabbett (User: Pigsonthewing ); Andy's talk; Andy's edits 21:35, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Support this nomination, though on the one third one the articles still using it should be edited before it is deleted. Not sure of the usual procedure but will you be notifying the relevant wikiproject (WT:RL)? LunarLander // talk // 22:42, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Support--Jeff79 (talk) 14:27, 5 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete/Support nom - redundant, hardly used. Airplaneman ✈ 18:04, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
Template:Infobox Igbo Royalty
The result of the discussion was Delete. RL0919 (talk) 20:39, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
Reundant to Infobox monarch, with which I have just replaced the only five instances.. Andy Mabbett (User: Pigsonthewing ); Andy's talk; Andy's edits 20:53, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete as redundant, unused. Airplaneman ✈ 18:04, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
Template:Rfd2/helper
The result of the discussion was Delete. RL0919 (talk) 20:39, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
Was pretty useful when the parser function #time didn't exist yet, but now no longer needed and replaced in Rfd2. Note: Currently a redirect, but was used as a template, thus listing here instead of RfD. The Evil IP address (talk) 20:18, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete - superseded, now unused. Airplaneman ✈ 17:58, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
Template:Dead Doom Groove(INaCAGE)
The result of the discussion was Speedy delete Plastikspork ―Œ <sup style="margin-left:-3ex">(talk) 20:17, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
Recreation of previously speedied article (A7) in Template space. - Mobius Clock 20:10, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
Template:Infobox youtuber
<div class="boilerplate vfd tfd-closed" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
The result of the discussion was Delete. RL0919 (talk) 20:41, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
Unused; undocumented; no obvious purpose. Andy Mabbett (User: Pigsonthewing ); Andy's talk; Andy's edits 20:10, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete We should consider a CSD for never-used templates. Ten Pound Hammer, his otters and a clue-bat • (Many otters • One bat • One hammer) 13:32, 6 May 2010 (UTC)
* It's not easy to track never-used templates (whatlinkshere doesn't say if a page was transcluded in the past); templates like this are usually no-brainer deletion candidates, but those are usually dealt with in a PROD-like manner anyway (they go to TfD and get deleted a week afterwards due to the closing admin realising that deep discussion isn't needed). Chris Cunningham (not at work) - talk 15:05, 6 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete - unused. is a better fit for YouTubers who are notable enough to have articles. Airplaneman ✈ 17:57, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
Template:Département Charente
<div class="boilerplate vfd tfd-closed" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
The result of the discussion was Delete. RL0919 (talk) 20:44, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
Orphaned templates copied from Fr Wikipedia, and were mostly being used in the infobox. Can be replaced with simple wikilink. Plastikspork <sub style="font-size: 60%">―Œ <sup style="margin-left:-3ex">(talk) 19:51, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete - wikilink will do the job equally well if not better. Airplaneman ✈ 17:51, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
Template:Penthouse Pets of 1969
<div class="boilerplate vfd tfd-closed" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
The result of the discussion was Delete. RL0919 (talk) 19:38, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
Navbox template including only redlinks, therefore useless. Hullaballoo Wolfowitz (talk) 18:35, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete - orphaned, doesn't navigate to anything. Airplaneman ✈ 17:40, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
Template:Weeping Angel stories
<div class="boilerplate vfd tfd-closed" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
The result of the discussion was Delete Plastikspork <sub style="font-size: 60%">―Œ <sup style="margin-left:-3ex">(talk) 01:35, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
Only two stories. Quite a few other Doctor Who villains have two stories. no need for this template <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:54, 24 April 2010 (UTC) <hr style="width:50%;" /> Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Plastikspork <sub style="font-size: 60%">―Œ <sup style="margin-left:-3ex">(talk) 17:27, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so consensus may be reached.
* Delete - Until/if more stories are made; no need to have an infobox for so few. - Mobius Clock 20:11, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete - unneeded navbox. Purpose better served using a "see also" section. Airplaneman ✈ 17:34, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
Template:TEA district rating
<div class="boilerplate vfd tfd-closed" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
The result of the discussion was Delete Plastikspork <sub style="font-size: 60%">―Œ <sup style="margin-left:-3ex">(talk) 21:46, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
Though well-intentioned, this template by its nature requires that any of the hundreds of articles that would use it must be updated annually as their status changes. Since the template is changed each year with the current year, any article using it that is not immediately updated with the information for that new year may be stating false information (e.g. a district may have been Exemplary in 2009-2010 but when the template gets changed to say 2010-2011 the article may become automatically inaccurate if its status changed in the new year). IMHO, it is ill-advised to create templates that can make an article automatically become untrue (i.e. stale info is ok if it is qualified with when the info was valid. But having an article state that info is current as of 2010 when it was really only true in 2007 is a serious problem). Mcorazao (talk) 20:51, 24 April 2010 (UTC) <hr style="width:50%;" /> Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Plastikspork <sub style="font-size: 60%">―Œ <sup style="margin-left:-3ex">(talk) 17:27, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so consensus may be reached.
* Keep and rename to Template:2009–2010 TEA district rating or similar. Looks like a useful navbox, but I agree that annually updating hundreds of articles is not easy. I suggest creating a new template each year to facilitate this; renaming this template will allow the templates to be kept on all current pages, with new templates such as Template:2010–2011 TEA district rating being added to articles as necessary. Airplaneman ✈ 17:30, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
* The rating is literally different every year. Why should we create a new template each year? How far will this go? WhisperToMe (talk) 19:01, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete - If we cannot keep it current, I don't see the point in having this template, nor do I agree with having a stable template for each school year. WhisperToMe (talk) 19:01, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete. Although this is formatted as a navbox, it is actually just a single piece of information, and thus would be better placed either as a sentence in the text or as an item in an infobox. This would also allow a reference note to properly qualify the information so that it would not be false even if it became dated. To avoid loss of information, I would suggest that a sentence about the rating be added when the template is removed. --RL0919 (talk) 13:51, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
Airlines of... templates with one or no links
<div class="boilerplate vfd tfd-closed" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
The result of the discussion was Delete. RL0919 (talk) 13:37, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
* - no links
* - one link, only used on that same page
* - one link
* - no links
As detailed above, these templates either have no links whatsoever or only one, and all but Airlines of Kosovo is unused (the Kosovo template is only used on the page it links to). As the content of these templates is highly unlikely to change, there is no need to keep them around. One link does not need a navbox. - Mobius Clock 10:17, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Strong delete - orphaned and unneeded navboxes that don't facilitate navigation, with one or no links to other articles. Airplaneman ✈ 17:32, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
Template:For football player see Ryan Mathews
<div class="boilerplate vfd tfd-closed" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
The result of the discussion was Speedy delete Plastikspork <sub style="font-size: 60%">―Œ <sup style="margin-left:-3ex">(talk) 13:41, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
This is created by an editor who clearly doesn't know what he/she is doing. — Chris! c / t 05:59, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
* Delete - Article in template space, not edited since 2009, would probably be suitable for deletion as an article if in mainspace. - Mobius Clock 09:58, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Main Website
Scraping
Scraping
Updated on
February 9, 2024
Page Reload in Puppeteer: Methods & Errors Explained
When working with Puppeteer, scenarios often arise where you need to reload a web page, either to ensure the content is up-to-date or to simulate a user-initiated page refresh. In this article, we will explore several methods to achieve page reload in Puppeteer, each with its distinct use cases. We’ll dive into the primary methods like page.reload(), navigating to the same URL with page.goto(), utilizing keyboard shortcuts via the page.keyboard methods, and executing client-side Javascript to trigger a reload using page.evaluate(). Along the way, we’ll address common errors that may occur during page reloads and provide solutions to ensure your Puppeteer scripts run seamlessly.
How to Reload a Page in Puppeteer?
In the realm of web automation, Puppeteer offers a versatile array of methods for reloading web pages. Let’s explore four distinct approaches to achieve this task, each suited for different scenarios.
Main method - Page Reload with page.reload()
The page.reload() method in Puppeteer provides a straightforward way to refresh the current page, simulating a standard browser refresh action. It’s a simple and effective approach when you need to reload a page without any specific interactions or customizations. Here’s its syntax:
The optional options parameter allows you to specify options for the reload action, such as bypassing the browser cache or setting a timeout for the reload.
When to Use page.reload()?
• Basic Page Refresh: The most common use case for page.reload() is when you need to refresh the page, similar to a user hitting the refresh button in their browser. It can be useful when you want to ensure that the content on the page is up-to-date before performing any further actions.
• Refreshing an Unmodified Page: If your automation script hasn’t made any changes to the page and you simply want to reload the page without any specific interactions, page.reload() is a straightforward choice.
Now, let’s see an example to understand when and how to use page.reload().
Example: Basic page refresh
In this example, we first navigate to a webpage, perform some actions, and then use page.reload() to refresh the page, ensuring that the content is updated before further actions.
Page Reload with page.goto()
Another approach to reload a page in Puppeteer is by using the page.goto() method to navigate to the same URL.
When to Use page.goto()?
• Resetting the Page: If you are looking to reload a page to its initial state (the URL it was originally opened with), you can use the page.goto() method. This approach is useful when you want to reset the page to its initial state before conducting further actions.
• Navigating to the Same Page: If your script requires the page to reload and ensure that all its resources, including stylesheets, scripts, and images, are reloaded as well, navigating to the same URL with the page.goto() is a suitable option.
Now, let's provide an example to illustrate when and how to use page.goto() for reloading a page:
Example: Reloading by Navigating to the Same URL
In this example, we initially navigate to a webpage, perform some actions or verifications, and then use page.goto() to navigate to the same URL. This effectively refreshes the page, resetting it to its initial state. The page.url() method is used to obtain the current URL, which is then passed as an argument to page.goto().
Page Reload with Client-Side JavaScript
The page.evaluate() method is a key feature of Puppeteer that allows you to execute custom JavaScript code within the context of the web page you are automating. It essentially runs your Javascript code as if it were executed directly in the browser’s console. This method is powerful because it enables you to interact with the DOM, retrieve information from the page, manipulate elements, and trigger actions as if you were interacting with the page manually.
When to Use page.evaluate()?
You can use the page.evaluate() method for page reloading when you require custom logic or actions to be performed during or after the reload. It is valuable in the following situations:
• Custom Page Reload Logic: If you need to perform additional operations before or after the page reload, such as interacting with specific elements or checking conditions, page.evaluate() allows you to incorporate this logic into the page reload process.
• Handling Complex Interactions: When the decision to reload the page is based on complex client-side interactions or conditions, you can use page.evaluate() to evaluate these conditions and trigger the reload accordingly.
Example: Reloading a Page with Custom Logic
Here’s an example of using page.evaluate() for page reloading:
The script uses page.evaluate() to execute custom client-side Javascript code within the context of the web page. Inside the page.evaluate() function, you can include the custom logic. In this case, it checks the condition someCondition and, if it evaluates to true, it calls location.reload() to reload the current page.
How to Fix Common Page Reload Errors in Puppeteer?
Below are the common page reload errors in Puppeteer.
Navigation Timeout Error
Error Message: “Navigation Timeout Exceeded: 30000ms exceeded.”
Cause: This error occurs when Puppeteer doesn’t complete the navigation to the requested page within the default timeout of 30 seconds. It typically happens when the web page being navigated to takes longer to load than expected, or if there are network issues.
Solution: There are a couple of ways to handle the Navigation Timeout Error:
1. Increase the Timeout: You can increase the navigation timeout by setting a higher value using the timeout option when calling page.goto(). For example:
This gives the page more time to load before triggering a timeout error. Adjust the timeout value as needed based on the specific requirements of the webpage you’re working with.
1. Handle with a Try-Catch Block: Another approach is to use a try-catch block to catch the error and handle it in your Puppeteer script. This allows you to perform alternative actions or report the error without crashing the entire script. Here’s an example:
Unexpected Target Closure
Error Message: “Error: Protocol error (Page.navigate): Target closed.”
Cause: This error occurs when the browser tab or the entire browser itself is closed before the navigation process could be completed. It often happens when there’s an unexpected closure of the browser or tab while the script is in the middle of a navigation operation.
Solution: To address the “Target Closed” error, you need to ensure that the browser or the specific page you’re interacting with isn’t being closed prematurely. Here are some steps to take:
1. Check for any unintended or unexpected calls to browser.close() or page.close() in your script. Ensure that these close operations are placed at the appropriate points in your script and that they aren’t invoked prematurely.
2. Monitor the sequence of actions in your script to make sure that any interactions with the browser or web pages are coordinated in a way that avoids closing the browser or page when it’s still needed for navigation.
3. Review your script for any conditions that could lead to premature closure of the browser or tabs. For instance, make sure that you’re not encountering exceptions or errors that result in an abrupt termination of the browser instance.
Context Unavailable
Error Message: “Execution context was destroyed, most likely because of a navigation.”
Cause: This error occurs when the script attempts to evaluate or execute code in a context that no longer exists, typically due to a page navigation. This context is destroyed, making it impossible to continue the evaluation.
Solution: To address this error, ensure that you wait for the page to load completely before evaluating or executing scripts on it. Using methods like await page.waitForNavigation() or other wait functions can help synchronize your actions with the page’s state, preventing the error from occurring.
Network Issues
Error Message: “Variants of network error messages.”
Cause: These errors occur when network requests fail during a page reload, resulting in various network-related error messages.
Solution: To address network issues, you should first check the website’s availability and verify your network connection. If these aspects are fine, you can consider using Puppeteer’s built-in error handling mechanisms. For example, you can use a try-catch block to capture and handle network errors.
Missing Selector Element
Error Message: “Waiting for selector "example" failed: timeout 30000ms exceeded.”
Cause: This error occurs when a selector the script is waiting for doesn’t appear on the page within the specified timeout.
Solution: To address this error, consider one of the following options:
1. You can increase the timeout value for waiting for the selector by using options with wait functions like page.waitForSelector().
2. Double-check that the selector you’re waiting for is correct and matches an element on the page.
3. Use a try-catch block to handle the error gracefully.
Unsafe Navigation
Error Message: “The frame was detached while waiting for the navigation.”
Cause: This error occurs when the frame or iframe you’re working within is removed or changed during navigation.
Solution: To address this error, consider one of the following solutions:
1. Use selectors that are more stable and less likely to change during navigation.
2. Implement a try-catch block to capture the error.
Conclusion
In this article, we covered various methods to reload web pages using Puppeteer from the simple page.reload() to executing client-side Javascript. We discussed when each method is most appropriate. Furthermore, we addressed common page reload errors, offering solutions like extending timeouts and employing try-catch blocks.
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5 Puppeteer Alternatives For Scraping & Application Testing | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Fred Vinson (disambiguation)
Fred M. Vinson (1890–1953) was a politician who served as United States Secretary of the Treasury and Chief Justice of the United States.
Fred Vinson may also refer to:
* Fred Vinson (basketball) (born 1971), American professional basketball player
* Fred Vinson (American football) (born 1977), American football defensive back | WIKI |
William MacLeod
William MacLeod or William Macleod may refer to:
* William Cleireach MacLeod (1365–?c. 1402), Scottish clan chief
* William Dubh MacLeod (c. 1415–1480 – 80), Scottish clan chief
* William MacKintosh MacLeod (1861–1931), Scottish international rugby union player
* William Macleod (1850–1929), Australian artist
* William MacLeod (priest) (1867–1932), Anglican Provost of Wakefield Cathedral
* William A. MacLeod (1883–1961), Canadian physician and politician
* W. Bentley MacLeod (born 1954), Canadian-American economist | WIKI |
Healing your mouth can heal your body
You’ve probably heard the phrase “the eyes are the windows to the soul.”
Well, consider the mouth the doorway to the body.
Your oral health is a good indicator of your overall health and wellbeing. For example oral bacteria has been found in human heart tissue, which may be why inflammation in the mouth can lead to heart disease. Yet most dentists treat mouths as independent objects, and they rarely give advice or insight into how decisions — other than brushing and flossing — affect you.
Luckily, there is a growing number of holistic dentists. They believe that when treating teeth and gums you must also consider a patient’s diet, lifestyle and mental and emotional health.
Holistic dentists perform the same dental services as you’re used to, but with an extra emphasis on whole body (holistic) health. They clean and fill cavities, but these biological or integrative dentists are set apart because they try to minimize their patients’ exposure to harmful chemicals.
Growing concern over the effects of mercury amalgam fillings is a major factor in the rising number of Americans seeking out holistic approaches to dentistry.
If you’ve ever had a cavity filled, it’s likely been filled with amalgam. Amalgam is composed of liquid mercury and a trio of powdered alloy metals — silver, tin and copper. These types of filling have been used for over one hundred years and are, to this day, in the mouths of millions of Americans.
Unfortunately, there’s a great deal of data which now suggests that amalgam fillings seep toxic mercury into the bodies of those who have them. Mercury deposits from vapors released from amalgam fillings seep into the stomach, kidney, liver, jaw and heart. Mercury exposure is linked to kidney, fertility and neurological problems.
Holistic dentists use fillings and composites made of resin, plastic and other materials that they believe are safer than amalgam fillings.
To get an idea of how dangerous mercury exposure can be, when replacing mercury fillings with safer fillings, a holistic dentist wears a hazmat suit and gas mask. Once the mercury filling removed, it is placed in a special container that is later picked up by an EPA-licensed agent to be properly disposed of.
Meanwhile, mainstream dentists are perfectly happy for you to walk around with these things sitting out in the open right in your mouth.
Some holistic dentists also offer an anesthesia alternative wherein a vitamin C IV is used. Craniosacral therapy, where a practitioner applies light touches to a patient’s skull, face, spine or pelvis, is also sometimes used to limit pain and stress. A holistic dentist may also offer advice on what foods and supplements could improve their patients’ health. Like a traditional dentist, limiting sugar is a common suggestion.
Unlike traditional dentists, holistic dentists also stress daily probiotic use and things like CoQ10 and increased kale consumption.
If holistic dentistry is something that interests you, it’s best to get a referral from someone you know and trust. You can use the website of the International Academy of Biological Dentistry and Medicine to find a certified holistic dentist in your area. Pricing for cleanings done by a holistic dentist is comparable to that of a traditional dentist.
Because mercury is inexpensive, fillings done using non-mercury composites tend to cost more. Cleaning and routine checkups by holistic dentists are often covered by insurance policies, but plans vary so check with your insurance provider before you make an appointment.
«SPONSORED»
Cara McCarthy
By Cara McCarthy
Cara McCarthy has been working in the natural health industry since 2010. She studied Marketing Communications at the University of Mississippi. Her goal is to provide people with the information they need to live the healthiest, happiest lives possible. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, Volume 17.djvu/99
IR John Swale, of Swale-Hall in Swale-Dale fast by the River Swale, he made his Last Will and Testament: in which, among other Bequests, was this, viz. Out of the kind love and respect that I bear unto my much honoured and good friend Mr. Matthew Stradling, gent. I do bequeath unto the said Matthew Stradling, gent. all my black and white horses. The Testator had six black horses, six white horses, and six pyed horses.
The Debate therefore was, Whether or no the said Matthew Stradling should have the said pyed horses by virtue of the said Bequest. Atkin | WIKI |
Anri (given name)
Anri is both a masculine given name and a unisex Japanese and Abkhazian given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Anri Grigorov (born 1964), Bulgarian sprinter
* Anri Jokhadze (born 1980), Georgian singer
* Anri Sala (born 1974), Albanian artist
* Anri du Toit (born 1984), female vocalist of the South African Rap-Rave-Formation Die Antwoord
Abkhazian
* Anri Jergenia (1941–2020), Abkhazian politician
* Anri Khagba (born 1992), Abkhaz-Russian footballer
* Anri Khagush (born 1986), Abkhaz-Russian footballer
Japanese
* Anri (杏里) (born 1961), Japanese singer-songwriter
* Anri Matsumura (松村 杏里), Japanese handball player
* Anri Kumaki (熊木 杏里) (born 1982), Japanese singer-songwriter
* Anri Okamoto (岡本 杏理) (born 1994), Japanese fashion model and actress
* Anri Okita (沖田杏梨) (born 1983), Japanese singer-songwriter and former AV idol
* Anri Sakaguchi (坂口 杏里) (born 1991), Japanese entertainer.
* Anri Shiono (塩野 アンリ), Japanese voice actress
* Anly (born 1997), Japanese singer-songwriter
Fictional characters
* Anri (Shining Force) (アンリ), princess (and later queen) of Guardiana from the Shining Force series of video games
* Anri of Astora, an NPC in the video game Dark Souls III
* Anri Sonohara, a primary character in Japanese light novel and anime series Durarara!!
* Anri (Fire Emblem), background character and ancestor of Marth | WIKI |
Ostalbkreis
The Ostalbkreis is a Landkreis (district) in the east of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, on the border to Bavaria. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Schwäbisch Hall, Ansbach, Donau-Ries, Heidenheim, Göppingen and Rems-Murr.
History
The district was created in 1973, when the District of Aalen merged with most of the former District of Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Geography
The district is located in the eastern part of the Swabian Alb (Schwäbische Alb), hence its name which translates to Eastern Alb District. Main rivers in the district are the Rems, the Jagst and the Kocher, all affluents of the Neckar.
Politics
Federally, the district is part of two electoral ridings: 270 (Backnang – Schwäbisch Gmünd) and 271 (Aalen – Heidenheim). For the 2009 Election, the numeral designation was changed to 269 and 270 respectively. Both ridings are held by the CDU: Norbert Barthle (Backnang – Schwäbisch Gmünd) and Roderich Kiesewetter (Aalen - Heidenheim).
At the State level, the district also is part of two electoral ridings: 25 (Schwäbisch Gmünd) and 26 (Aalen). The last election was held on March 26, 2006 and both ridings were won by the CDU: Dr. Stefan Scheffold (Schwäbisch Gmünd) and Winfried Mack (Aalen).
The District election was held on June 7, 2009. Election results.
Partnerships
Since 1992 the district has an official partnership with the Italian Province of Ravenna. Also since the 1990s it has a friendship with the Finnish Province of Oulu.
Coat of arms
The imperial eagle to the right represents the free imperial cities in the district, especially the city of Aalen. The lion on the left is the symbol of the Staufen family, who founded the city of Schwäbisch Gmünd. These two symbols were taken from the coats of arms of the two precursor districts. The crosier in the middle represents Ellwangen Abbey, which possessed many smaller areas scattered in the district. | WIKI |
Family-owned energy company closes amid fraud reports
MANHEIM, Pa. – A family-owned Pennsylvania energy company has abruptly shut down as it faces a potential fraud involving tens of millions of dollars after the brief disappearance of its CEO. Worley & Obetz, based in Manheim, closed its doors Monday after 72 years in the residential heating oil, propane and HVAC business, leaving about 250 workers unemployed, LNP reported. "It&aposs horrible beyond belief," co-owner Seth Obetz said. "We have such a great team who didn&apost do anything wrong other than work hard and take great care of customers. We have great customers who don&apost deserve this." Last week, the company announced layoffs of more than 100 workers and the shuttering of its commercial operations, saying the actions were "due to potentially fraudulent activity" and that the layoffs followed the "disappearance of our CEO, Jeff Lyons." Lyons had been reported missing May 15 but was found days later and subsequently fired. A message seeking comment from him at a home phone listing wasn&apost returned Tuesday. Seth Obetz told LNP he doesn&apost know Lyons&apos whereabouts, but he never returned to the company and was terminated "with cause." The company said the FBI is investigating the alleged fraud, along with local authorities. No one has been charged. A restructuring plan to keep Worley & Obetz afloat was rejected by lenders. Obetz told the newspaper he and his father, Bob Obetz, both resigned Monday as part of the closure process. Four local banks have told the Securities and Exchange Commission they&aposll have multimillion-dollar losses over fraud committed by an employee of Worley & Obetz, according to American Banker. They are Fulton Financial, based in Lancaster; Univest, based in Souderton; S&T Bancorp, based in Indiana, Pennsylvania; and Franklin Financial Services, based in Chambersburg. Their combined losses could be more than $60 million. Fulton Financial was the lead lender in the participation loan, and said it doesn&apost typically identify customers but in this case the client had been "independently confirmed." "Fulton is saddened by the events that its longtime customer has experienced, and by the fact that those events caused that business to be unable to continue to operate," Fulton spokeswoman Laura Wakeley told LNP. ___ Information from: LNP, http://lancasteronline.com | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Adams - A Child of the Age.djvu/221
209 life. I reviewed my past in order that I might see what causes lay there, that were likely to have an influence on my future. I faced all these causes, good or evil, fearlessly, quietly resolved to encourage those that were good, and do all that lay in me to eradicate those that were evil. The one idea that I kept constantly before me was the idea of Strength: I must be Strong.
Rosy looked upon what was already apparent as my new intercourse with her, with a somewhat suspicious eye. I believe she would far sooner have had even the old state of things with her back again. For, if my caprice leaped in evil-humoured moments far away from her; in happy-humoured moments it leaped close to her; whereas, now her line of life and mine seemed parallel; and parallel lines are those which are always the same distance from one another, that is to say, which never meet. Rosy, like the true woman she was (so it appeared to me), was quite ready to offer herself up on the altar of my happiness. It troubled her that now, instead of being, as I ought to have been, capricious, that is to say, selfish, I preserved a uniform cheerfulness of demeanour towards her; was always ready to do her little services; was always ready to prevent her doing me little services. It is true that I had in our happy period of 'lotus-eating,' as I had once called it to myself, devoted myself to her en bloc; but, as she had said, or as I had said, in so devoting myself to her en bloc ('loving' was our term) I was but devoting myself to myself en bloc, and vice versa. Then all the little services had been hers. I had been capricious; I had been selfish; and she had delighted in my capriciousness, in my selfishness—whereas, now!… Now I was the highest sinner that is arraigned by Love, the sinless one! What right had I to the preserving of an uniform cheerfulness of demeanour towards her? What right had I to the perpetual readiness to do her little services, the perpetual readiness to prevent her doing me little services? 'Ah!' thought Rosy, 'that old time was the better time; for if it knew the depth of hell, it knew also the height of heaven; whereas, this new time knows only the dead level of purgatory.' | WIKI |
User:Alex361
A newbie at wikipedia in every sense of the word.
Just making this page so my name doesn't show up in red. | WIKI |
Talk:Autonomous Land of Slovakia
ISO 3166 Code?
The ISO Organisation did not exist until '47. Should that stay in the infobox? Mtonna257 (talk) 20:22, 17 October 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
San Francisco Police Chief Releases Officers’ Racist Texts
SAN FRANCISCO — Police Chief Gregory P. Suhr on Friday announced that all officers on the San Francisco force would be required to complete anti-bias training as he released nine pages of racist text messages between three officers that further tarnished the image of a department under federal investigation. “We have nothing to hide,” said Chief Suhr. “These are the actions of a few.” But the city’s public defender and experts on criminal justice said the texts appeared to reveal a deep culture of bias in the 2,000-member force that contradicts the city’s image of tolerance and liberalism. “These texts evidence a deep culture of racial hatred and animus against blacks, Latinos, gays and even South Asians,” Jeff Adachi, the public defender, said in an interview. “It can no longer be said to be an isolated problem.” A number of police departments, including those in Miami and Los Angeles, have had problems with racist messages sent by their officers. Experts in criminal justice have debated how to address bias, both conscious and unconscious. The text messages released Friday use crude and strongly disparaging language against blacks and other minorities and were discovered as part of an investigation into a rape charge against one of the officers. They come a year after a scandal involving 14 officers who also exchanged racist messages. An attempt to fire some of the 14 was rejected by a Superior Court judge, who said the statute of limitation had expired. Most of those officers remain on the force. Of the three officers whose messages were released Friday, one has retired and two have resigned. Some of the messages released Friday had been previously made public by the public defender’s office, which is reopening the files on 207 cases that were handled by the three officers who sent the messages. Mr. Adachi said the messages were highly consequential. “These are people who have the power to arrest and the power to kill somebody,” he said. “If you’re thinking, ‘This is a wild animal or this is a crazed black man who’s going to hurt me,’ that’s when you might pull the trigger. That’s where it becomes scary.” Chief Suhr also announced measures on Friday that would re-evaluate the use of force by officers. Two men wielding knives, an African-American and a Latino, have been fatally shot by the police since December in what critics say was unnecessary use of force. Among other things, the chief said the department would now require officers to document any time they point their weapons at someone. He also announced measures requiring officers to carry helmets, long batons and gloves in their vehicles “to create time and distance from a person with a weapon short of a firearm.” Eugene O’Donnell, a former New York City police officer who is now a professor at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, said that racist texts in San Francisco were a marker of more complex and multicultural times. Two of the three officers are Asian-Americans. “The traditional black/white narrative is changing,” he said. Mr. O’Donnell said that firing racist officers is the “easy part” but that changing the mentality of officers is much harder. He is skeptical that lectures on diversity and tolerance are effective. “Lecturing officers is not going to work,” he said. “If you tell the cops, ‘Don’t tell us what you really think,’ that fuels a backlash.” The text messages released Friday had names and dates redacted. But in what appears to be a measure of the seriousness of the problem within the police force, the texts were sent last year, just as the scandal of the 14 officers exchanging racist messages was raging. One text message released on Friday featured the image of a badly burned turkey and the words “Is that a Ferguson turkey,” an apparent reference to the St. Louis suburb where Michael Brown, a black teenager, was killed by a white police officer. The Los Angeles Times on Wednesday published emails mocking blacks, Latinos and Muslims that were sent by Tom Angel, now the chief of staff for the sheriff of Los Angeles County. The emails were sent when Mr. Angel was an officer in Burbank. The texting scandal in San Francisco comes as the federal government is conducting an overall review of the Police Department after the fatal shooting in December of an African-American man, Mario Woods. After video of the shooting was posted online, prompting an outcry, Mayor Edwin M. Lee requested the federal investigation, which is being carried out by the Justice Department. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tryphena Sparks
The result was no consensus. Davewild (talk) 14:32, 16 May 2015 (UTC)
Tryphena Sparks
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Delete: being Thomas Hardy's cousin does not create notability. Any salient info can be manually included in Hardy's article. Quis separabit? 11:44, 1 May 2015 (UTC)
* Keep Easily passes the WP:GNG with significant coverage which addresses the topic directly in reliable sources that are independent of the subject. She was not only his cousin but a possible lover and also inspiration for one of his poems. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Theroadislong (talk • contribs) 12:14, 1 May 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of England-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 13:18, 1 May 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of People-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 13:19, 1 May 2015 (UTC)
* Sorry, I don't see it. She was Hardy's cousin and inspired him and some of his characters may have been based on aspects of her life and personality, but that does not in and of itself create notability which is not hereditary. Quis separabit? 13:28, 1 May 2015 (UTC)
* It's really irrelevant that she was Hardy's cousin, she has received enough coverage about her life for a stand alone article. The WP:GNG states "If a topic has received significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject, it is presumed to be suitable for a stand-alone article or list." Theroadislong (talk) 13:34, 1 May 2015 (UTC)
* Only factoid (not even confirmed) I could find of notability is this:"Shortly after his return, Hardy probably entered into a passionate affair with Tryphena Sparks (1851-1890), an attractive sixteen-year-old cousin. Tryphena was the youngest child of James and Maria Sparks, Hardy’s uncle and aunt, who lived in a thatched cottage in the nearby village of Puddletown. Some biographers believe that in the years 1868 to 1870, when she was a trainee teacher in the Puddletown school, she had a romance with Hardy, although there is too little evidence of their relationship. Nevertheless, Tryphena must have exerted some profound effect on Hardy’s life since she appears in disguise in many of his novels and poems. After her death Hardy wrote a poem pervaded with personal memories, entitled, 'Thoughts of Phena”. Quis separabit? 13:40, 1 May 2015 (UTC)"
* Sparks has received in depth coverage in a number of books as referenced in the article and there are more than 12,000 Google hits for her. I don't see a problem with notability. Theroadislong (talk) 14:10, 1 May 2015 (UTC)
Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
* Re-direct to Thomas Hardy.--Rpclod (talk) 05:34, 2 May 2015 (UTC)
* Keep Any literary commentary on Hardy seems to also give space to Tryphena Sparks, and to see her as someone more than a minor footnote to him. There's a credible book, Providence and Mr. Hardy whose central thesis is the significance of this relationship. Andy Dingley (talk) 09:12, 2 May 2015 (UTC)
* Merge into Thomas_Hardy (there is currently no mention of the subject in that article). Notability is not inherited (as the person immediately above is actually arguing the case it is), however the person is apparently the subject of some of his poems and thus of somewhat more importance than a mere (alleged) romantic interest, and so CHEAPLY recommend "giving space" in Hardy. Pax 02:30, 8 May 2015 (UTC)
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Natg 19 (talk) 23:40, 8 May 2015 (UTC)
* Keep. Apart from agreeing with the above keep arguments, I see that there are 56 hits in JSTOR. —S MALL JIM 09:47, 9 May 2015 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Résumé : BACKGROUND: Cytokines secreted by intestinal T lymphocytes probably play a critical role in regulation of the gut associated immune responses. AIMS: To quantify interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) secreting cells (SC) among human intraepithelial (IEL) and lamina propria (LPL) lymphocytes from the duodenum and right colon in non-pathological situations and in the absence of in vitro stimulation. PATIENTS: Duodenal and right colonic biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with no inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. METHODS: Intraepithelial and lamina propria cell suspensions were assayed for numbers of cells spontaneously secreting IFN-gamma and IL-4 by a two site reverse enzyme linked immunospot technique (ELISPOT). RESULTS: The relatively high proportion of duodenal lymphocytes spontaneously secreting IFN-gamma (IEL 3.6%; LPL 1.9%) and IL-4 (IEL 1.3%; LPL 0.7%) contrasted with the very low numbers of spontaneously IFN-gamma SC and the absence of spontaneously IL-4 SC among peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In the basal state, both IFN-gamma and IL-4 were mainly produced by CD4+ cells. Within the colon, only 0.2% of IEL and LPL secreted IFN-gamma in the basal state, and 0.1% secreted IL-4. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with peripheral lymphocytes substantial proportions of intestinal epithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes spontaneously secrete IFN-gamma and/or IL-4. These cytokines are probably involved in the normal homoeostasis of the human intestinal mucosa. Disturbances in their secretion could play a role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Liebherr's Mark On Excavators
By Keith Haddock, Contributing Editor | September 28, 2010
Libherr
The L300 had a capacity of 3/8 cubic yard and weighed approximately 10 tons.
In the 1950s, the heyday of cable-operated excavators, several manufacturers experimented with hydraulic systems in efforts to increase machine efficiency by replacing the cables with hydraulic cylinders and pistons. The road was long and arduous. The early machines suffered from leaky systems, blown hoses, and lack of power due to low-pressure hydraulic systems. These machines had poor reputations, but manufacturers persisted, developing new technologies and improving their product.
One pioneering company that helped boost the hydraulic excavator was Liebherr, originating in Kirchdorf, Germany. Founded by Hans Liebherr, who took over the family construction business in 1938, the firm entered the hydraulic excavator market in 1955 with its wheeled model L300 (shown).
The L300 had a capacity of 3/8 cubic yard and weighed approximately 10 tons. Initially in shovel form, the excavator added backhoe, clamshell and crane attachments. A year later, crawler and truck-mounted versions became available. In 1957, the revised ½-yard L350 appeared, and further upgrades resulted in the wheeled A353 and crawler R353 machines of the same capacity.
The Liebherr company greatly expanded in the 1960s and 1970s, establishing many subsidiary companies in foreign countries, including Newport News, Va., in 1970, and Colmar, France, in 1961. In 1960, Liebherr extended its range of excavators to include the 1-yard wheeled A750, the company's first with a hydraulically driven undercarriage. In 1960, the 1¼-yard crawler RT1000 appeared, Liebherr's largest at that time.
In 1968, Liebherr launched its 900-series excavators that laid the foundation for all subsequent models. Today, Liebherr's wide range of excavators covers sizes from 11 to 736 tons operating weight, and the company is one of only a handful supplying large excavators to the quarrying and surface-mining industries wielding buckets up to 47 cubic yards.
Today, hydraulic excavators work on every kind of construction job from road maintenance, trenching and foundation work to mass excavation on industrial sites, as well as in quarries and surface-mining operations.
Hydraulic excavators are less expensive to buy, easier to operate, and travel faster than the old cable excavators. They have positive action in all movements instead of relying on gravity to provide some of the digging forces. Backhoe and shovel fronts are the most common for hydraulic excavators, but manufacturers have developed a vast array of attachments so the machines not only dig, but also rip, hammer, lift, drill, saw, and compact as well. These attachments have greatly enhanced the excavator's usefulness and are a big factor in its rapidly increasing popularity.
You can read more about the evolution of construction equipment in Keith Haddock's illustrated book "The Earthmover Encyclopedia," available in most bookstores. Also, consider a membership in the Historical Construction Equipment Association, www.hcea.net.
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expand_less | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Healing power of natural aromas
There is increasing excitement among scientists and researchers about the association between sense of smell and its consequences on psychological and physiological health. Although, the research works are still in budding stage, several studies have revealed that natural fragrances such as that of vanilla, peppermint and coffee, do have therapeutic effects.
An Associate Professor of Psychology at the Wheeling Jesuit University, West Virginia, Dr. Bryan Raudenbush, revealed that studies have revealed that peppermint scent can distract one from painful stimulation. For instance, in one particular study, the participants held their hand in freezing water for prolonged periods. Those who were administered peppermint scent were able to hold their hands in water for longer period, than the others, and they rated the pain as being less severe. The researchers concluded that strong smells may distract people from any physical discomfort, irrespective of whether the discomfort is due to pain or even hunger.
Another study published in the Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry recently, states that, few researchers from the University of Tokyo revealed that inhaling a natural chemical found in flowers and spices, linalool, helped in considerably reducing stress levels in rats. Similarly, another study at Tubingen University in Germany revealed that vanilla fragrance helped reduce the startle reflex, making people feel calmer.
An expert in olfactory research from the Cardiff Universitys School of Biosciences, Prof. Tim Jacob, said that using conditioned association, smell could be used therapeutically to treat anxiety, sleep problems, blood pressure, and even clinically it could be possibly used for immune system pathologies, intractable medical conditions such as low back pain and drug rehabilitation.
Smell is also linked to memory, and when once conditioned, it can re-evoke a psycho-physiological state wherein it takes support of the association between smell and memory, Prof. Jacob said.
Further explaining this, he said that when a certain odour is associated with a particular state of mind, such as being positive or being relaxed, you may be able to recreate that state of mind, by simply introducing the associated smell to some extent.
In fact, some powers associated to the scent of vanilla, may be used to link smell and memory. Vanilla scent is often associated with a feeling of positivity, re-kindling childhood memories associated with vanilla such as holiday, ice creams, etc. Recreating such positive childhood emotions may help in relaxation or stress relief, and could be the reason behind power of vanilla scent, experts claim.
Prof. Jacob also suggests it may be possible to program smell associations for particular therapeutic tasks. A study of this kind was done with healthy male volunteers at the Cardiff lab being injected with insulin daily for four days, when their blood sugar levels fell. Simultaneously, they were exposed to a smell, and on the fifth day they were only exposed to the smell (without the injections) when their blood sugar still continued to fall.
According to Prof. Jacob, such findings bring about the promise of some good medical advances for diabetics using such natural inhalers, rather than injections, or may be insomnia could be cured by smell associated with sleepiness, but further studies are required for this, he concluded. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
misc{https://www.doi.org/10.24400/253171/FLATSIM2020, author = {{ForM@Ter}}, title = {{ForM@Ter (2020): FLATSIM Data Products. CNES. (Dataset).}}, year = {2020}, doi = {10.24400/253171/FLATSIM2020}, url = {https://flatsim.cnes.fr}, abstract = {The FLATSIM (ForM@Ter LArge-scale multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 InterferoMetry) service is developed as part of the ForM@Ter Solid Earth data and services center and operated by CNES (Thollard & al., 2021). It allows systematic processing of interferograms from Sentinel-1 data, as well as displacement time series, over large geographic areas. It is based on the InSAR « New Small temporal and spatial BASelines » processing chain (Doin et al., 2011; Grandin, 2015) NSBAS. The scientific objectives are to enable the measurement of the deformations of the Earth's surface on a continental scale, and thus ensure the spatio-temporal monitoring of critical regions (large zones of active faults and magmatic systems, landslides on the scale of large massifs…). A call for ideas to define the areas to be processed will be opened periodically.}, type = {service}, copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 International}, publisher = {CNES} } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Statement from Narconon International - Rock Center with Brian Williams | NBC News
18 August 2012 Dear Anna, The show on Narconon you are promoting comes with a pricethe happiness and success of the addicts who decide against Narconon because of it, but for whom Narconon is the last chance and the route out of the slavery of their drug addiction. For more than 25 years I have watched people turn around their lives through Narconon. I ran a Narconon rehab center for ten years before becoming president of Narconon International in 1995. My commitment to Narconon is based on one thing: the tens of thousands of lives it has saved. Young men and young women walk into our centers crippled by addiction, many of them having gone through three, four or more rehab programs before coming to Narconon. By the time they get to us, most of them have little or no hope of kicking their habit. To then see these same young men and young women come out the other end of the Narconon program happy, self-confident, and drug-free is the most gratifying experience you can imaginewell worth any work it takes to help bring this about. I don't believe NBC has an inkling of what it takes to rehabilitate addicts and I think you have bought into the vested interests in this field that influence public policy and news trends in an attempt to discredit programs not based on the medical model. There are effective nonmedical programs. Narconon is a leader in the field of alternative drug free drug rehabilitation. We are proud of our results. Narconon is an alternative social education model. We do not use drugs to get people off drugs. It is not a medical model. Do you have any idea how much hard work and courage it takes to work with addicts and turn them around? Many of our most passionate and caring staff have come through the program and decided to stay on to help others. Some of the staff have records. Would you prevent them from helping others after they paid their dues and turned their lives around? Would you stigmatize them forever? Their work is based on compassion and an understanding of what these young people are experiencing. To criticize our program because former addicts are working to give back to those who need their help is not only reprehensible, it is bigoted. Narconon Arrowhead requires all staff to complete mandatory training as established by the Oklahoma Department of Mental Health & Substance Abuse Services (ODMHSAS) and CARF (Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities) before they can provide treatment services to public. Their initial training is updated annually and Narconon Arrowhead withdrawal personnel are trained in the physical signs of withdrawal, the taking of vital signs, the implication of those vital signs and the handling of emergency procedures. Further, some of the Narconon Arrowhead staff take additional training offered by ODMHSAS that includes training for certification as a Behavioral Health Case Managers and training and recognition as a Peer Recovery Support Specialists. You have a serious responsibility here to present the truth about Narconon. If you continue to misrepresent our program, you run the risk of turning addicts away from the very thing that will save their lives, of preventing addicts from availing themselves of their last chance for a decent, honest, drug-free life. Parents come to me in tears to thank me for saving the lives of their children. Please think twice about what you are doing to them and their children, and do a balanced and truthful job of presenting the Narconon program and its results. For more information, please see: http://news.narconon.org/response-to-nbcrockcenter/ Sincerely, Clark Carr President Narconon International http://www.narconon.org/ | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Waitaki District Council building
The Waitaki District Council building, the former Oamaru Chief Post Office, is the seat of the Waitaki District in Oamaru, New Zealand.
Oamaru's first post office was built in 1864 to a design by William Mason and William Clayton. The town was prosperous and soon, the building was too small. The government advanced NZ£4,000 and tenders were called in February 1883 for a new building next to the first post office. The North Otago Times described the design plans with the following words:
"It is designed in the Italian order of architecture, in a massive and handsome style; there being no redundancy of intricate ornamental workmanship about the facings. ... The base of the building will be of blue stone; the rest, of course, of Oamaru stone. The exterior of the building as it appears on the plans will be decidedly handsome; having a height to the top of the parapet of 45 feet, and from the above description it will be seen that the accommodation provided for the public will be a decided improvement upon the existing state of things."
The building was opened in 1884, but much to the population's disappointment, the clock tower was not erected initially. As it was large and richly ornamented, it soon was a favourite motive for post cards, calendars, and crockery. Ten years later, the tower was added, but the Post and Telegraph Department insisted that the clock and chimes be funded by the Oamaru Borough. John McLean, a rich runholder and businessman who had lived in Oamaru for the last few decades of his life and who died in 1902, left money in his will for the clock. As McLean had never married, it was up to his nephew, John Buckley, a son of George Buckley, to unveil the additions on 17 September 1903.
In the mid-1940s, many post offices had their heavy clocks removed, as they posed an earthquake risk. Whilst lobbying against this measure was often unsuccessful, the clock in the Oamaru post office was allowed to remain. The building was registered by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust (now called Heritage New Zealand) on 28 June 1990 with registration number 2294. The building has a category I listing. The post office moved out in 1994, and the Waitaki District Council has used the premises since. | WIKI |
Democrats come out on top during congressional charity soccer game | TheHill
After last fall’s elections, Democrats snagged a much-needed victory in their 5-3 win over Republicans during the 2017 congressional soccer game late Tuesday. Current and former professional soccer players, lawmakers and other Beltway bigwigs convened at Washington’s RFK Stadium to play in the U.S. Soccer Foundation’s Capital Soccer Classic. “This rivalry has gotten much more intense every single year,” said Ed Foster-Simeon, president and CEO of the U.S. Soccer Foundation. “[The game] helps send a signal that we can have fun together, we can work together,” said Rep. John Shimkus (R-Ill.), who was not playing in the game but came out to support fellow Republican lawmakers. Donations from the event will go toward the U.S. Soccer Foundation’s youth development programs, which aim to help cultivate healthy and active lifestyle habits through the game of soccer. “[The game] really keeps that relationship going with everything the Soccer Foundation wants to do,” said Cobi Jones, a former U.S. men’s national team player. “You need that political help in Washington, D.C. It keeps relationships going and it keeps soccer in the minds of congresspeople up on the Hill.” The Democrats' squad featured Reps. Suzanne BonamiciSuzanne Marie BonamiciHouse lawmakers introduce bill to help those struggling with student debt Here are the 95 Democrats who voted to support impeachment Lawmakers put spotlight on youth homelessness MORE (Ore.), Ruben Kihuen (Nev.), Rick LarsenRichard (Rick) Ray LarsenTwo Democrats vow to press forward on Trump impeachment Here are the 95 Democrats who voted to support impeachment WHIP LIST: The 122 House Democrats backing an impeachment inquiry MORE (Wash.) and Kathy Castor (Fla.), who coached the team. Democrats got help from former U.S. women’s national team player Heather Mitts and former U.S. men’s national team player Janusz Michallik. The Republicans countered with Reps. Don Bacon (Neb.), Darin LaHood (Ill.), Todd YoungTodd Christopher YoungOvernight Defense: Senate fails to override Trump veto on Saudi arms sales | Two US troops killed in Afghanistan | Senators tee up nominations, budget deal ahead of recess Senate fails to override Trump veto on Saudi arms sale GOP chairman yanks Saudi bill after Democrats muscle through tougher language MORE (Ind.), Gus Bilirakis (Fla.), Erik Paulsen (Minn.) and David Valadao (Calif.). They were supplemented by former pros like former U.S. women’s national team member Lori Lindsey and Jones. Other notable guests included CNN’s Chris Cillizza, Roger Bennett, co-host of the multiplatform soccer show “Men In Blazers,” and Former Ambassador of Mexico Arturo Sarukhan, who played on the Democrats' team. Despite being outnumbered, Democrats took an early lead, scoring within the first 20 seconds of the game. Republicans quickly answered with their own goal but couldn’t respond to the salvo of goals Democrats put up later in that half and the next. The Democratic lead was solidified in the second half on a header by Kihuen, who connected despite the wet conditions from the consistent drizzle during the game. Before Kihuen turned to politics, he had professional aspirations, which were dashed by a career-ending injury. Even though Tuesday evening’s focus was on soccer, politics still seeped into the event. “I heard if we win, we get to the burn the budget,” one Democratic lawmaker joked after the game about President Trump’s budget proposal, which had been released earlier in the day. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Draft:Bad Nerves (band)
Bad Nerves (stylised in all caps as BAD NERVES), are an English rock band formed in Essex in 2017. They consist of lead singer and primary songwriter Robert Clemson (stage name Bobby Nerves), guitarist William Phillipson, guitarist George Berry, bassist Jon Poulten, and drummer Samuel Thompson. Their music is a mix of punk rock, power pop, and garage rock influences. They self-released their eponymous debut album on 20 November 2020. Their second album, Still Nervous is slated for release on 31 May 2024 on independent label Lowly Records. | WIKI |
Derek Benfield
Derek Benfield (11 March 1926 – 10 March 2009) was a British playwright and actor.
He was born in Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire, and educated at Bingley Grammar School. He was the author of the stage farce Running Riot and played Patricia Routledge's character's husband in Hetty Wainthropp Investigates (1996–1998).
Arguably, Benfield's best known character portrayal was as transport company foreman Bill Riley in the UK television series The Brothers in the early 1970s. Before this, he starred as Frank Skinner in the 1970 cult sci-fi series broadcast on UK ITV, Timeslip. Some of his other television roles included Walter Greenhalgh in Coronation Street (1961–1969), Albert the Clerk in Rumpole of the Bailey (1978–80), and characters in Breakaway (1980) and First of the Summer Wine (1988).
His film credits include small roles in Crossplot (1969), I Don't Want to Be Born (1975) and Lifeforce (1985). His plays included the farces Post Horn Gallop and Wild Goose Chase, both about the fictional exploits of the eccentric Lord and Lady Elrood and visitors to their castle.
He also appeared with Colin Baker as John Hallam in the Doctor Who audio play Catch-1782 produced by Big Finish Productions.
Benfield died on 10 March 2009, aged 82, the day before his 83rd birthday.
Plays
* The Young in Heart, 1953
* The Way the Wind Blows, 1954
* Champagne for Breakfast, 1954
* Wild Goose Chase, 1955
* Running Riot, 1958
* Out of Thin Air, 1961
* Fish out of Water, 1963
* Down to Brass Tacks, 1964
* Third Party Risk, 1964
* The Party, 1964
* Post Horn Gallop, 1965
* Murder for the Asking, 1967
* Off the Hook, 1970
* A Bird in the hand, 1973
* Panic Stations, 1975
* Caught on the Hop, 1979
* Beyond a Joke, 1980
* In for the Kill, 1981
* Look Who's Talking, 1984
* Touch and Go, 1984
* Flying Feathers, 1987
* Bedside Manners, 1990
* Toe in the Water, 1991
* Don't Lose the Place, 1992
* Anyone for Breakfast?, 1994
* Up and Running, 1995
* A Fly in the Ointment, 1996
* Two and Two Together, 1999
* Second Time Around, 2000?
* Funny Business, 2005
* In At the Deep End, 2005
* Over My Dead Body, 2005?
* First Things First, 2007
Personal life
Benfield was married to actress Susan Lyle Grant from 1953 until his death in 2009. They had two children together and two grandchildren.
Death
Benfield died of Stomach cancer on 10 March in 2009 at the age of 82 the day before his 83rd birthday. | WIKI |
Christie becomes first NJ governor in decades to avoid breaking leg | TheHill
Chris Christie (R), whose term as New Jersey governor officially ended on Tuesday, became the state's first elected governor in decades to go his entire time in office without breaking a leg. Each of the three elected governors before Christie broke one of their legs during their term, former Obama administration official Eric Columbus noted on Twitter. Congratulations to Chris Christie on becoming the first elected New Jersey governor in *decades* to leave office without breaking one of his legs! 1/ Columbus noted that Christie’s predecessor, John Corzine, broke his leg and other bones in a car accident in 2007. Before that, Jim McGreevey broke his leg in 2002 after he stepped off a berm while walking on the beach. Finally, Christie Todd Whitman broke her leg in 1999 in a skiing accident in Switzerland. Columbus's discovery was first reported by The Associated Press. Christie's second term as governor officially concluded this week. He left office with record-low approval ratings. Only 14 percent of voters approved of his performance late last year. He was replaced by Democrat Phil Murphy, who was elected in November. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:The Mohammedan system of theology (IA mohammedansyste00neal).pdf/27
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF CLARENCE,
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF GLOUCESTER, 2 Copies.
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The Right Rev. the 2 Copies.
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The Right Hon. M.P.
The Right Hon. Sir M.P. | WIKI |
Grant AWS Lambda Access to an SNS Topic
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Borislav Hadzhiev
Last updated: Jul 24, 2022
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Grant AWS Lambda Access to an SNS Topic #
In order to grant a Lambda function access to an SNS topic, we have to attach an IAM policy to the function's execution role. The policy should grant permissions for all the Actions the function needs to perform on the topic.
For example, the following policy grants permissions for the most commonly used SNS actions on a specific SNS topic.
The policy applies to a specific topic, therefore make sure to replace the YOUR_* placeholders in the Resource element with the real values.
example-sns-policy.json
{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "sns:Publish", "sns:Subscribe", "sns:CreateTopic", "sns:GetTopicAttributes", "sns:SetTopicAttributes", "sns:TagResource", "sns:UntagResource", "sns:ListTagsForResource", "sns:ListSubscriptionsByTopic" ], "Resource": [ "arn:aws:sns:YOUR_REGION:YOUR_ACCOUNT_NUMBER:YOUR_TOPIC_NAME" ] } ] }
If your lambda function only needs to publish messages to the SNS topic, you only need the sns:Publish action in the Action list of the policy.
The Resource element is simply the SNS topic's ARN, which you can copy from the AWS SNS console. It should look something like: arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789:my-topic once the real values are in place.
The actions your lambda function needs to perform on the topic are use case dependent.
You could set "sns:*" for the Action element in the policy to grant full SNS access to the lambda function. However, it's a best practice to grant an entity the least permissions that get the job done.
You can view a full list of the SNS Actions in the SNS actions table.
There is a Description column that explains what each action does.
To attach a policy to the lambda function's execution role, you have to:
1. Open the AWS Lambda console and click on your function's name
2. Click on the Configuration tab and then click Permissions
click on function role
1. Click on the function's role
2. Click on Add permissions and then click Create inline policy
create inline policy
1. In the JSON editor paste the following policy.
Replace the YOUR_* placeholders and adjust the Actions your lambda function needs to execute.
The Resource element is simply the topic's ARN, which you can copy from the AWS SNS console.
example-sns-policy.json
{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "sns:Publish", "sns:Subscribe", "sns:CreateTopic", "sns:GetTopicAttributes", "sns:SetTopicAttributes", "sns:TagResource", "sns:UntagResource", "sns:ListTagsForResource", "sns:ListSubscriptionsByTopic" ], "Resource": [ "arn:aws:sns:YOUR_REGION:YOUR_ACCOUNT_NUMBER:YOUR_TOPIC_NAME" ] } ] }
1. Click Review Policy and give your policy a name, then click Create policy
At this point the lambda function's role has been extended with a policy that grants access to some SNS actions on a specific topic.
It can take up to a minute until the IAM changes have been propagated and the policy is in effect.
Invoke your lambda function and verify whether it has access to the SNS topic.
If your function is still unable to access the SNS topic, try to increase the function's timeout by a second in the AWS console or simply add an extra print statement in the code and click the Deploy button.
If your lambda function still doesn't have access to the topic, expand the IAM policy you added to the function's role and edit it to look like the policy below.
edit policy
Replace the YOUR_* placeholders with real values.
sns-full-access.json
{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "sns:*" ], "Resource": [ "arn:aws:sns:YOUR_REGION:YOUR_ACCOUNT_NUMBER:YOUR_TOPIC_NAME" ] } ] }
The IAM policy above grants full access to an SNS topic. Your lambda function will be able to execute all SNS actions on the topic.
It's a best practice to grant the least possible permissions that enable you to get the job done. However, the * symbol is useful when debugging.
After you've updated the policy, try to invoke your lambda function again. It should have the necessary permissions to execute any action on the SNS topic.
You can make the IAM policy less permissive after you verify which actions your lambda needs to run.
Note that a policy statement with a Deny effect will always override any Allow statements.
Further Reading #
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Michael K. Bourdaghs
Michael Kevin Bourdaghs is an American scholar of Japanese culture specializing in modern Japanese literature and J-pop. He is currently a professor of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at the University of Chicago.
Biography
Michael Kevin Bourdaghs attended Miyagi University of Education from 1984 to 1985, before obtaining his B.A. in History and Japan Studies at Macalester College in Saint Paul, Minnesota. He received his M.A from Cornell University in 1993. Following this, he served as a graduate research student at Tohoku University for two years before obtaining his Ph.D. in East Asian Literature at Cornell in 1996.
He taught at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1996 to 2008. During this period, he also briefly taught as a visiting researcher at Tohoku and International Christian University. He became an associate professor at the University of Chicago in 2008 after briefly serving as a visiting associate professor the previous year. He received a full professorship at Chicago in 2012. Six years later, he was appointed the Robert S. Ingersoll Professor of East Asian Languages and Civilizations and the College. He specializes in modern Japanese literature, although has also written on the evolution of Japanese popular music. He also works as a translator.
In 2019, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship, seeking to write on the history of Japanese popular culture during the Cold War. | WIKI |
User:Sathish sat niyan
Sathish sat is a indian pop singer..
He is a singer and song writter.his upload his songs in you tube first deput song go slow..and brown eyes reach good one.its newyear,o my girl,miss you also.. | WIKI |
Banyan Tree Root System
Banyan Tree Root System
Introduction To Banyan Tree
Banyan Tree or Vata/Vada (in Ayurveda) belongs to the family of Moraceae and genus Ficus. There are around 800 species and more than 2000 varieties of the Ficus species, most of which are endemic to old world tropics. The seeds of the Banyan tree are scattered by fruit eating birds. Since most of the Banyan trees are present in forests so during the process of pollination, if a seed falls on the ground, it is unlikely to germinate. But if seeds land on the branches of another tree somehow, the seed germinates and the roots are sent down into the ground, in many cases, the tree may envelop the parts of the host tree or building structures giving banyans the casual name of “ Stranglers”. Ficus benghalensis belongs to the family Moraceae and are fast growing, evergreen trees found in monsoon and rain forests.
Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Planate
Subkingdom: Tracheobinote
Superdivision: Spermatophyta
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Hamamelidae
Order: Urticales
Family: Moraceae
Genus: Ficus
Species: benghalensis, indica
Plant Specifications
Distribution
The banyan tree is found in all kinds of forests from plains to 1000 m of height from the sea level. Commonly it is found in India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is widely planted in the tropic regions. It is planted throughout the forest tract of India. It is Hardy, drought-resistant and can withstand mild frost.
External features of the bark
The bark of the Banyan tree is around 12 to 18 mm in thickness, grey coloured having light bluish-green or grey patches, slightly curve, girth varies with the maturity of the tree. The surface is strongly fissured and rough due to the presence of a longitudinal and oblique row of lenticels, mostly circular and raised, split shortly in outer 2/3 of bark while inner portion shows a fibroid fracture.
The banyan tree is multipurpose in use and very attractive for the medicinal, socio-cultural and ethnobotanical properties. The tree provides habitat for a number of animals and plants and hence it is considered as one of the most important keystone species in the Gangetic flood plain and other ecosystems of Bangladesh. It is also considered as the most suitable plant for community plantation as a shade tree. Thus, there are good demands for the transplant of a banyan tree for mass scale plantation affairs in different countries of arid and semi-arid regions.
Propagation and Cultivation
The seeds of the banyan tree are diffused through small birds that eat the figs and excrete out the undigested seeds. Initially, the Banyan tree is an epiphyte and often utilises other mature trees as its hosts. The banyan tree is propagated primarily by root tip cutting or the eye cuttings. Initially, they demand moisture content, but once established, these trees are drought resistant. The plant may be grown indoors on a much smaller scale by a special method known as the Bonsai.
Root System Of Banyan Tree
Root System Of Banyan Tree
• The root system is a descending portion of the plant axis. When a seed germinates, the radicle is the first organ to come out. It elongates to form a primary tap root that gives off lateral branches and thus forms the root system. It branches through large and deep areas in the soil and anchors the plant very firmly.
• The banyan tree is mainly composed of aerial roots that provide support to the big heavy
plant.
• A single type of root system under the soil is not enough to provide support to the big and heavy
standing banyan tree.
• Prop roots come out from the aerial parts of branches which touches the ground and later becomes
thicker and stronger.
• The banyan tree is a dicot tree and the underground roots of the banyan tree are Tap Roots.
Root Growth
The roots develop throughout the life of the plant. They grow longer from the tip, adding cells to the meristematic part of the roots and they grow fatter as they add cells around their tube-like bodies. At the tip of each root, there is a small group of tough, dead, hard cells called the root cap. The root cap is the strongest part of the root tip and its job is to push the root further into the dirt road in the search for the moisture and nutrients for the plant. Therefore the root cap helps in the geotropic movement of the roots and accept the pressure of the gravity.
Functions of Banyan Tree Roots
Anchorage
• Roots anchor the plant firmly to the soul (mechanical function).
Absorption
• Roots absorb water and minerals salts and conduct them upwards (physiological
functions).
Special Functions
• By undergoing modification in their structure, roots perform special physiological functions like food storage, assimilation, absorption of atmospheric moisture, sucking from the host plant, better gaseous exchange and mechanical function like floating (buoyancy), stronger anchorage and climbing.
Useful Parts Of Banyan Tree And Their Properties
Chinese Banyan Tree
Bark, root-fibres, leaves, seeds and milky juice are mainly the useful parts of the Banyan tree. Different parts of the tree have been found to possess medicinal properties, for example,
• Leaves are good for ulcer, aerial roots are useful in gonorrhoea, seeds and fruit are cooling and tonic and astringent and is also used in diarrhoea, dysentery and diabetes.
• The bark of the Banyan tree is often utilised in ayurvedic medicine for the medication of diabetes.
• The fruit extract of the Ficus benghalensis has anti-cancer activity.
• Stem extract has analgesic property.
• Methanolic extracts of leaves and branches of the Ficus benchlands have antioxidant activities.
• Roots and bark have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties are results of the presence of flavonoids.
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Margaret Hamilton vs. John Whitridge and others.
Where a motion to dissolve is heard upon bill, answer and testimony, taken under the act of 1835, ch. 380, if the hill shows a case entitling the parties to the injunction, it will not he dissolved if the equity is not denied by the answer.
A court of equity has jurisdiction to prohibit, by injunction, a parly from creating or erecting the public nuisance of a bawdy-house, upon a hill filed by private individuals, alleging that the close proximity of such a nuisance will deprive the complainants of the comfortable enjoyment of their property, and greatly depreciate and lessen its value.
Tlie absence of precedents, though not to be overlooked entirely, does not, of itself, determine questions of jurisdiction; adjudged cases are consulted to ascertain their reason and spirit, which are the foundation of the law.
Courts are not to assume jurisdiction, but they may amplify remedies and apply rules and general principles for the advancement of substantial justice.
A party injured by a public nuisance may apply to a court of equity to prevent such nuisance, if its existence will cause a substantial prejudice to his property, or the reasonable enjoyment thereof.
The usual practice of raising the objection of multifariousness, as to parties, is by demurrer, bnt when raised at the hearing it is not always fatal, and will be allowed at the discretion of the court.
But where the court can see that the reason of the rule, upon which such objections are founded, does not apply, and the objection is not made by demurrer, the court ought not to interfere sua sponte.
Where the answer to a bill filed by several parties, to prevent the erection of a public nuisance, takes no defence upon the ground of multifariousness, and under such bill the real point in controversy can be determined, as well as if there were as many suits as there are plaintiffs, an objection of multifariousness, taken at the hearing, cannot be sustained.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Baltimore city.
In this case an injunction was granted upon a bill filed by the appellees, on the 29th of April 1856, restraining the appellant from occupying and using a house which she had purchased, on Frederick street, in the city of Baltimore, as a house of ill-fame. The allegations of the bill and answer are fully stated in the opinion of the court below. After answer filed a motion to dissolve the injunction was made by the defendant, and testimony, to support the allegations of the bill, was taken under the act of 1835, ch. 380. The purport of this testimony is sufficiently stated in the opinion of the court below and of this court. The defendant excepted to the testimony of some of the witnesses, in so far as they speak of what they had heard as to her keeping a bawdy-house, and to their testimony as to the common rumor or reputation that she keeps a bawdy-house. She also objected to the transcripts of the records of indictments against her, so far as said indictments and confessions or pleas of guilty are offered to prove that she kept a bawdy-house at the time this bill was filed, or to prove that she intended to occupy the house mentioned in the bill as a public bawdy-house. Upon the hearing of the motion to die-solve, upon bill, answer and the above mentioned testimony, the court, (Krebs, J.,) delivered the following opinion:
“The bill filed in this case, by the complainants above named, and others, alleges, that the defendant has been long notorious, in the city of Baltimore, as the keeper of a house of ill-fame, and now keeps such a house in another part of the city; that she has recently purchased the premises designated as No. 51, Frederick street, in said city, and is now repairing and improving the said premises with the design of occupying them for purposes of prostitution, and as a common bawdy-house, to their great detriment and injury. They allege that they reside in the immediate neighborhood of said premises, and own property adjacent thereto; one of them, Rezin Haslup, residing in the house No. 49, immediately adjoining the said premises. That in addition to the wrong and injury they would suffer with their fellow citizens generally, by the creation of the nuisance, in case those premises should be occupied by her for the unlawful and immoral purposes mentioned, they will be especially wronged and injured, inasmuch as they will be severally deprived of the comfortable enjoyment of their property, and that it will be greatly depreciated and lessened in value, by its close proximity to the premises which, they allege, she is about occupying for the said purposes. They also aver, that they have no adequate remedy at law to prevent the evil complained of, and are remediless save in a court of equity, and pray for an injunction to restrain her from moving into and occupying the said premises, &c., which was ordered and issued.
“The defendant, in her answer to this bill, admits that she has purchased the house No. 51, Frederick street, that she has had it repaired and intends occupying it; that the complainant, Haslup, owns and occupies the house next adjoining. She denies that either Whitridge, Horton or McCandless reside on Frederick street; the former, she alleges, lives on Gay street, in a house which is not in sight of her’s; that Horton’s dwelling is in another part of the city, though his shop, in which he carries on his business, is in Frederick street, some six or eight doors from hers, and that McCandless carries on bis trade in a shop in that street, at a still greater distance from her house. She declines answering any of the allegations in the bill, in regard to tire character for which she has been notorious in the city, and the manner in which she is now employed, and the purposes for which she is now repairing and improving, and intends occupying the said house, and insists, that she is not bound, by the law of the land, to answer them, or any of them.
“Her answer contains no denial of the allegations in the bill, in regard to the detriment and injury that will ensue to the complainants, or the special wrong and injury they will sustain by reason of the occupation of the said premises, for the purpose alleged, by depriving them severally of the comfortable enjoyment of the property, and that it will, in consequence of such use and occupation, be greatly depreciated and lessened in value, nor of the allegation that they have no adequate remedy at law.
“.After the defendant filed her answer the complainants examined several witnesses in reference to the allegations in their bill, under a commission ordered in pursuance of the act of 1835, ch. 380, and their testimony is amongst the proceedings. The motion to dissolve the injunction issued has been heard upon bill, answer, and the said testimony. Upon this hearing the allegations in the bill, not denied' by the answer, must be taken to be true, at least, such as she was bound to answer. Upon an examination of the averments in the bill, in connection with the denials in the answer, I find that these facts may be assumed, some of them being admitted, some conclusively proved, and some sufficiently proved to be stated as facts in the consideration of this motion, viz., that the defendant has purchased the house No. 51, Frederick street, and intends to occupy it; that the complainant, Haslup, owns the adjoining house, and lives in it with his wife and three daughters, aged, respectively, fourteen, sixteen and eighteen years; that the complainant, Whitridge, lives on Gay street, on a lot extending back to Frederick street, opposite to the defendant’^ house, and that her house is in view of the two back windows of the second and third stories of his house; and that he also owns a dwelling house, occupied by a tenant, on Frederick street, directly opposite to the defendant’s; that the other complainants own houses near, and carry on their trades, respectively, in these houses; that the defendant keeps a house of ill-fame, and intends moving into this house and using it for the purposes of prostitution; (this, I think, sufficiently appears from the fact shown by the records of the criminal court of Baltimore city, that she was convicted for.beeping a bawdy-house on the 22nd of June 1855, and again on the 12th day of November 1855, on both occasions upon her own confession of guilt, taken in connection with the statements recently made by her, in her conversation with the witness, Michael E. Myers, as detailed by him;) that if she occupies this house for the purposes charged, the complainants will be specially wronged and injured; that they will be severally deprived of the comfortable enjoyment of their property, and that it will be greatly depreciated and lessened in value; (the allegations in the bill, in regard to these mischiefs and injuries, not having been denied by the defendant in her answer, the complainants are entitled to assume them as facts;) and that they have no adequate remedy at law.
“The keeping of a bawdy-house is confessedly a public nuisance. The law abhors the offence to good morals which such an occupation encourages, and spurns every contract whose consideration looks to the indulgence or accommodation of the vice involved in it. It punishes, by indictment, the landlord who rents his premises for such a purpose, and the keepers of such houses are constantly arraigned in the criminal courts of the State and condemned for the act. This defendant, then, intending to create or establish a public nuisance indictable as a criminal offence, at the place designated in the bill of the complainant, has this court the power, by injunction, to restrain her from so doing? Story in the 2nd Vol. of his Eq. Jurisprudence sec. 924, says: ‘Courts of equity interfere to restrain and prevent such nuisances which are threatened or in progress, not only upon the information of the attor • ney general, but also upon the application of private parties directly affected by the nuisance;’ and in sec. 924, (a,) or ‘when private individuals suffer an injury quite distinct from that of the public in general, in consequence of a public nuisance, they will be entitled to an injunction and relief in equity.’ The law, as thus stated, is firmly settled by numerous English and American authorities. 9 Eng. Law dj-* Eq. Rep., 104, Soltau vs. DeHeld. 8 Sim., 193, Spencer vs. London &f Bir. Railway Co. Ibid.,272, Sampson vs. Smith. 12 Pet., 91, City of Georgetown vs. Alexandria Canal Co. 20 Conn., 120, Frink vs. Lavjrencc. 14 Do., 577, Bigelow vs. Hartford Bridge Co. 4 H. 8p McH., 540. Harrison vs. Sterrett. 8 G. Sf J, 479, Delaware If Md. Rail Road Co. vs. Stump.
“Such being the rights of individuals to the interposition of a court of equity, to restrain a public nuisance from which they suffer a special injury, the next inquiry is, do these complainants sustain such damage and injury, from this nuisance, as entitles them to the relief they pray for? Their uncontradicted allegations, in regard to damage, which are to be taken as true to their full extent, show that they will be severally deprived of the comfortable enjoyment of their property, and that it will be greatly depreciated and lessened in value, to their great detriment and injury. In the judgment of this court this is such a degree of damage and injury as meets the requirements of the decisions, in cases which the courts have granted such relief as these complainants ask for. It is insisted, however, that they have not alleged and proved any such damage or injury to be sustained by them, as meets the demand of the rule established in those cases; that such damage must be irreparable, and that depreciation in the value of their property is insufficient. I have carefully examined the cases in which courts of equity have restrained public nuisances, upon the application of individuals sustaining special damage therefrom, and find that they furnish no authority for the position, that they are not entitled to relief, unless the damage to them, from public nuisances, be irreparable. In some of these cases the attention of the court has been specially drawn to the distinction between irreparable damage and damage of an inferior degree, and in view of this suggestion they have not deemed it proper to countenance or establish the rule contended for in behalf of the defendant. In the case of Bigelow vs. Hartford Bridge Co., 14 Conn., 565, which was an application for an injunction against the Bridge Company to restrain certain acts it was about committing, the point was made, ‘that an injunction will not be granted against the company, unless the injury is irreparable; a mere diminution of the value of property by a nuisance, without irreparable- mischief, will not furnish any foundation for the relief sought,’ (page 577.) The judge in deciding upon the 'application says, that the bill cannot be sustained merely on the ground that the contemplated acts of the Bridge (Company will constitute a public nuisance, nor ‘unless it shows that the plaintiff will sustain a special or peculiar damage from it, an injury distinct from that done to the public at large,’ (page 578.) And upon the question, whether the plaintiff has shown that there is such a particular and special injury, which he has reason to apprehend from the acts contemplated, that he was entitled to an injunction? the judge by no means adopts the rule of irreparable damage, but says it is necessary, in order to lay the foundation for this remedy, that the injury shall ‘bc substantial and not merely a technical or inconsequential injury; there must be such a violation of the plaintiff’s rights as will be attended with actual and serious damage,’ (page 580.) .The injunction in that case was not granted, for the reason, as 'the court say, that the decay and depreciation of the property, and the inconvenience which will ensue to the plaintiff are found to be ‘very small, and not such as will lessen materially the intrinsic value of the plaintiff’s property,’ (page 581.) In the case of Frink vs. Lawrence, 20 Conn., 118, there was an application for an injunction to restrain a public nuisance from which special injury would result to the complainant. He did not allege irreparable damage in his bill, but it appeared that the act complained of would ‘seriously impair the value of his property,’ (page 119.) The court say: ‘We have had occasion, in several recent cases, to consider the question,,whether a private individual can sustain a bill in equity, for an injunction against a public nuisance. And we held, that if the party complaining will sustain a special or peculiar damage, distinct from that done to the public at large, the relief would be granted. Indeed such now seems to be the well established rule in equity, especially where the object is to prevent some irreparable injury.’ But the court, so far from restricting the relief to such cases, advised the Superior Court to grant the prayer of the bill and decree a perpetual injunction, and this is a case in which there was no allegation or proof of irreparable damage. So in the case of The Oily of Georgetown vs. The Alexandria Canal Co., 12 Pet., 91, the Supreme Court of the United States, after assuming the law to be settled as to the rights of private individuals to the remedy, by way of injunction, against public nuisances when they aver and prove special injury, say, Hhe complainants then must, to maintain their position in a court of equity, for relief against a public nuisance, have averred and proved that they were the owners of property liable to be affected by the nuisance, and that in point of fact were so affected, so as that they thereby had suffered a special damage, ’ (page 99.) It is perfectly manifest from this, and from other passages in the opinion of the court, that they did not deem it necessary for the complainant, in such case, to charge and prove irreparable damage to entitle him to an injunction. The cases of Spencet vs. The London Sf Birmingham Railway Co., 8 Simons, 193, and of Sampson vs. Smith, Ibid., 272, both leading cases on this subject, was each a case of a bill Sled for an injunction to restrain a public nuisance, on the ground of special damage, to private individuals. Neither of the bills alleged irreparable damage. The defendants demurred in each case on the ground that the nuisance was a public one, and, therefore, the relief prayed ought to have been sought by information and not by bill, but the demurrer was overruled in both cases, the vice chancellor deciding, in substance, that where certain individuals suffer an injury from a public nuisance quite distinct from that done to the public at large, the court will entertain a bill by them to be relieved from the nuisance, but not at all regarding it indispensable that the injury should be irreparable. In Peck vs. Elder, 3 Sandfords Superior Court Rep., 126, the bill was filed by private individuals to restrain a public nuisance, alleging that it would materially injure and impair the value of their property. The chancellor said, £it is sufficient that the nuisance is calculated directly to diminish its value by preventing its being occupied by the complainant, or by good tenants who are able and willing to pay the rent, or to destroy the value of the property as building lots,’ (page 129, note,) and decided that the injunction must be continued until the hearing. This case was afterwards brought before the Superior Court, and it declared that a perpetual injunction must issue. The case of Corning Iff others vs. Lowerre, 6 John's Ch. Rep., 439, was a bill to restrain a public nuisance, averring that it would cause ‘great injury to the plaintiff,’ as ownersof certain lots. Chancellor Kent gran ted the injunction, • saying, ‘here was a special grievance to the plaintiffs, effecting the enjoyment of their property and the value of it. The obstruction was not only a common or public nuisance, but worked a special injury to the plaintiffs.'
“The above authorities demonstrate conclusively that the position assumed by the defendant, in reference to the degree of damage to be alleged and proved, to entitle the complainant to relief, cannot be maintained, and they also show clearly what the courts have regarded as the true rule upon this subject, viz: that the injury should be substantial, and attended with actual, serious damage, such as will materially lessen the intrinsic value of the property, or as the chancellor said, in Peck vs. Elder, such as is calculated directly to diminish its value by preventing its being occupied by the complainants, or by good tenants, who are willing and able to pay the rent; or, in the words of Chancellor Kent, affecting the enjoyment of the property, and the value of it. In addition to the cases above referred to, there is one that recently came before the English court of chancery, and is reported in 9 Eng. Law &f Eq. Rep., 104, in which the principal questions in this case were thoroughly argued at the bar, and so elaborately discussed and clearly settled by the learned vice-chancellor, as to show that in the English courts they would be no longer regarded as debatable. The object of the bill, in that case, was to restrain the ringing and tolling of bells in a chapel adjoining and contiguous to the dwelling of the complainant. It complained of this ringing as a great nuisance to the complainant and his neighbors, and the inhabitants of the parish, and it charged, that if the ringing of the bells, as they were then tolled and rang, was continued, it would considerably diminish the value of the plaintiff's house, and he should be obliged to leave it, and would have great difficulty in disposing of it, except at considerable pecuniary sacrifice. And the proof in the case showed that this would be the effect. There was a demurrer to the bill, on the ground of -want of equity in the bill. The 1st ground of demurrer, as stated by the vice-chancellor, (page 111,) was ‘that it was a public nuisance, and that it was not competent for the plaintiff to file a bill as for a private nuisance.’ He then proceeds upon the assumption that it was a public nuisance, and reviews all the authorities upon the subject, in all of which, he says, ‘it has been held, and acted on over and over again, that if an individual suffers a special and particular damage from an act, he may have the interference of a court on a bill, although the act complained of, be a public nuisance. In commenting upon the objection urged in that case, as in this, against the issuing of the injunction, he says: ‘It is said that part of what is alleged by the plaintiff as the mischief arising to him, is the diminution of the value of his house. But although it is perfectly true the mere diminution of value does not per se constitute a nuisance, surely the extent of the nuisance, if it be a nuisance, may be materially shown by this, that so great is the annoyance that no respectable person, that is, no person who is able to live in such a house as this, would lake it with such a nuisance, and the only person who could bo expected to take it, would be one who would bear with the nuisance for the sake of the smaller rent which he paid. I say in that way diminution in value is of great moment,,’ (page 123.) ‘Under these circumstances,’the vice-chancellor says, ‘The question which I have to ask myself is this,’ (and he put it in the language of Lord Justice Knight Bruce, in Walter vs. Selfe,) ‘ought this inconvenience to be considered, in fact, as more than fanciful, or as one of mere delicacy and fastidiousness, or as an inconvenience materially interfering with the ordinary comfort, physically, of human existence? That, I think, enunciates distinctly the question which is to be tried, on such an occasion as this, and I must add, in the very words in which Vice-chancellor Bruce goes on there: and I am of opinion that this point is against the defendant; that this is such an inconvenience, such an invasion of the domestic comfort, and invasion of a man’s house, that he is entitled to come and ask this court to interfere. And upon that point, I would just refer to the language of Lord Eldon, in the case of The Attorney General vs. Nichol. He says, the foundation of this jurisdiction, that is, interfering by injunction, is that head of mischief alluded to by Lord Hardwicke, that sort of material injury to the comfort of the existence of those who dwell in the neighboring house, requiring the application of a power to prevent, as well as remedy, an evil for which damages, more or less, would be given in an action at law. That (says the vice-chancellor) is the ground for interference by injunction, and that is the ground upon which I conceive that I ought to grant an injunction in this case, which he accordingly ordered; and that in a case in which he assumed the nuisance complained of to be a public nuisance, and in which the bill neither alleged nor the proof showed any irreparable damage, and in which, in rebutting the objection that the complainant relied merely on depreciation in the value of his property, he defines what the courts regard as depreciating and impairing the value of property by a nuisance, so as to entitle parties to relief by injunction, in such terms as to embrace and extend to the very kind of damage and injury alleged and shown in this case.
“This court cannot, without utterly disregarding the principles and positions established in these cases, refuse to the complainants the relief they ask. They show a public nuisance of the most offensive character, about to be established, adjoining and contiguous to their respective houses. They show, further, all that courts in such cases require complainants to. show, to entitle them to an injunction, that they will be severally deprived of the comfortable enjoyment of their property, and that it will be greatly depreciated and lessened in value, if the defendant is permitted to set up this nuisance. Their right to the interposition of the court seems to follow, as a matter of course.
“It will be found, upon a careful examination, that the decisions referred to on behalf of the defendant, to sustain the position that these complainants cannot have relief, without showing irreparable damage, apply to cases of private nuisance, (2 Story’s Eq., sec. 925,) and I do not think that the rule is settled, even in regard to nuisances of that description, unless it bo taken in the terms used by Story, in his Equity Jurisprudence, 2 vol., see. 926, in reference to private nuisances, where ‘the injury is material, and operates daily to destroy or diminish the comfort and use of the neighboring house, and the remedy, by a multiplicity of actions for the continuance of it, would furnish no substantial compensation.’
“But it is insisted by the solicitor for the defendant, that, conceding there are sufficient facts alleged and proved in this case, to entitle the complainants to the injunction prayed, if the nuisance of which they complain, were one offensive to the physical senses, yet inasmuch as this alleged nuisance is of such a character as to offend only the moral senses, the court will not interfere, and that for the reason that this court, does not exercise the functions of a moral censor, or set itself up to protect the morals of the community; and that if it assumed the exercise of such powers, it would be compelled to go the length of interfering in behalf of persons of fastidious sensibilities, against, neighbors whose habits or conduct might be grossly immoral and shocking to persons of virtuous sentiments, powers which it would be absurd to claim for the court. But it is not necessary for this court to vindicate its power to issue the injunction prayed for, by claiming to have the morals of the community under its care. It is sufficient for it to say that the pecuniary interests and property of the citizen are committed to its charge, and that under certain circumstances it must interfere to protect them from damage. The ground on which it interferes in this case, is not that this defendant, or those around her, or even her establishment, is offensive to the moral senses of the complainants, but that the business and occupation which she intends to follow, has been con
demned by the courts as an illegitimate employment, and a public nuisance, and is punished as such, and that by establishing this nuisance alongside of their property, they will be severally deprived of the comfoi'table enjoyment of it, and -it will be greatly depreciated and lessened in value. Nor is the, action of this court directed against the defendant as an immoral or vicious neighbor simply, but as an individual conducting an offensive business, regarded by the law as a nuisance, and interfering with the enjoyment, and impairing the value of their property. 1 can. discover no authority, whatever, for the distinction relied upon in this case, between nuisances offensive to the physical senses, against which the court will grant relief, and such as are offensive to the moral senses only, against which they will not interfere. So far from this being the case, I find that the standard elementary writers, in enunciating the classes of public nuisances in which the courts interfere, mention this vety description of nuisance by name. 2 Wart. Eden on Injunctions, 264, note 3. Willard’s Eq. Jurisprudence, 390.
“But it is insisted, on behalf of the defendant, that if this last position must be rejected, there is still another which would preclude the complainants from relief, which is, that they have all united in one bill, complaining of special and several injury to each, and praying relief accordingly, and that for this reason the bill must be dismissed. This objection is not new, but has been seriously urged in other cases of this description. In the case of Murray Sf Blount, vs. Hay, 1 Barb. Ch. Rep., 59, where several parties had united, complaining of special injury to each, from a public nuisance, it was relied upon by the defendant, but Chancellor Walworth, after reviewing all the previous decisions, both English and American, touching the point, and giving to them the fullest consideration, decides that the objection is not valid, and does not debar the complainants from such relief as is prayed in this bill, framed as it is. The same point, the chancellor says, was previously decided by Chancellor Sandford, in the case of Reid and others, vs. Gifford, Hop kin’s Ch, Rep., 416.
‘‘For the foregoing reasons, I must continue the injunction heretofore granted in this case, until final hearing.”
From the order so continuing the injunction, the defendant appealed.
The cause was argued before Le Grand, C. J., Eccleston and Tuck, J.
Chas. J. M. Givinn for the appellant:
The court below was in error, because it passed this order in the absence of any testimony in the case to show that the defendant did intend to use the house as a house of ill-fame. The court, in its opinion, admits that such evidence was necessary, but assumes that it was supplied by the failure of the defendant to answer the allegations of the bill, which charged that she was keeping, at the time of the purchase of the house, a house of ill-fame, and especially by her failure to deny that she intended occupying the house in Frederick street for that purpose. The defendant was not bound to criminate herself by her answer to the allegation of her existing occupation, (2 H. & J., 487, Singery vs. Attorney General; 3 Bland, 125, Salmon vs. Clagett,) and her refusal or neglect to answer the allegation that she intended to occupy the house purchased as a house of ill-fame, cannot be construed into an admission of the fact. 2 H. & J., 301, Hopkins vs. Stump. 1 G. & J., 503, Warfield vs. Gambrill. The true course of the complainants, if they were dissatisfied with this answrer, was to have excepted to it, and if the court had ruled it insufficient, it would have been no answer, and the defendant would have been in contempt, which could have been purged only by a further answer. The court, therefore, plainly erred in its order, for it is founded upon a presumption of testimony where there does not exist any testimony in the case.
The court erred in admitting that testimony which has been excepted to. Evidence of reputation must be founded upon the opinion of the public, or, at least, of the neighborhood, and no less basis can suffice. And it was still more inadmissible to permit evidence of a conviction for a past offence to stand as proof of a present occupation. The presumption of the law being, as far as any presumption can be raised, that the sentence of the law had deterred the offender.
Assuming that the court was right in its assumption that the house was to be used as a house of ill-fame, it does not seem that there was any right to issue the injunction at the suit of private parties. There did exist a full remedy at law in the name of the commonwealth, for the evil, not only for its punishment, but for its abatement, for this may be a part of the judgment and remedy on such judgment. 3 Wart. Arch., 204, 238. And this is not of that species of public nuisance, in which a resort to private remedy is contemplated, because it is not one from which any physical damage results, or which interferes with the physical enjoyment of the comfort of the tenements of the complainants. Every case cited by the complainants, or referred to by the court below, in its opinion, hath this ingredient. • And the absence of any case in the books, in which this remedy has been sought to be enforced in such a case, is a strong presumptive argument against the exercise of the power. • If it is a good exercise of it, an eaves-dropper and a common scold can be enjoined from moving into any house they have purchased, for these are common nuisances, (4 Bl. Com., 168,) and the disposition is more inseparable from the identity of the person than any occupation can be. The true rules seem to be: 1st. That equity, in case of a public nuisance, will enjoin where the nuisance works a direct physical injury to the property, or to the comfort of the occupant. 2nd. Where the nuisance consists in the violation of public morality, as recognized by law, the remedy to the person aggrieved by the proximity of the evil to himself, is found in the abatement of the nuisance which the court may order in its judgment, upon the indictment for such nuisance.
The law in Maryland cannot be strained beyond these principles, and, as yet declared, it does not even reach thus far. In this State the remedy, so far as a private right is concerned, only arises where a special injury has been inflicted. 8 G. & J., 510, Delaware & Md. Rail Road Co. vs. Stump. And this injury must be irreparable. 4 Gill, 38, Hamilton vs. Ely.
8 Gill, 433, Richardson vs. Mayor & C. C. of Balto. 1 Md. Rep., 543, White vs. Flannigain. 3 Md. Rep., 489, Ches. & Ohio Canal Co. vs. Young. 7 Md. Rep., 416, Shipley vs. Ritter. These cases follow the case of Attorney General vs. Nichol., 16 Ves., 342, and Wynstanley vs. Lee, 2 Swans., 336. See, also, as to the principle that a court of equity is not custos morum, 2 Story's Eq., secs. 936, 945.
No counsel appeared for the appellees.
Tuck, J.,
delivered the opinion of this court.
The injunction in this case was granted upon a bill stating that the appellees are owners of property in the city of Baltimore, in the immediate vicinity of a house which the appellant had purchased, and to which she intended to remove, for the purpose of keeping a house of ill-fame, in which business she had been for a long time, and was then engaged. The bill charges, also, that in addition to the wrong and injury inflicted upon them, in common with other citizens of that city, by the occupation of the premises for the unlawful and immoral purpose complained of, “the complainants will be especially wronged and injured, inasmuch as they will be severally deprived of the comfortable enjoyment of their property, and that it will be greatly depreciated and lessened in value, by the close proximity of their said property to the premises in which it is charged that the defendant is about to open a bawTdyhouse.” The defendant, by her answer, admits the averments of residence and ownership of property by the complainants, setting forth particularly their relative situation to the house she had purchased; but declines to answer the averments that she had previously kept a bawdy-house, and intended to keep one at the house mentioned in the bill.
The case comes before us on appeal by the defendant from an order continuing the injunction, passed on motion to dissolve, and a hearing on bill, answer and affidavits, under the act of 1835, ch. 380. In this stage of the cause, if the bill shows a case entitling the parties to the injunction, it will not be dissolved, if the equity is not denied by the answer. Hardy vs. Summers, 10 G. & J., 316. Hutchins vs. Hope, 12 G. & J., 256. This rule of practice is an answer to the objection taken on the part of the appellant, that the judge below had passed the order appealed from in the absence of evidence that she was, at the time of filing the bill, the keeper of a bawdy-house, and intended to pursue that business at her new residence. But we think that the case authorizes the conclusion, as a matter of fact, that the appellant purchased and was fitting up this house for the offensive purpose stated in the bill. As late as November 1855, she had been convicted, on her own confession, of having been so employed, and two previous convictions had been obtained, in the same manner, in the years 1854 and 1855. Between the last of these convictions and the month of April 1856, when the bill was filed, not one circumstance is shown from which we can infer that she had changed her course of life. On the contrary, the inference is most strongly rebutted by her conversation with one of the witnesses, when she was having the house repaired. This view of the case derives strength from her refusal to answer the allegations of the bill on this point. Touching, as it did, her reputation, she would doubtless have denied the fact alleged, if it had been false. By her silence, or refusal to answer, we think she subjects herself to the remarks of the late Chancellor Bland, in 3 Bland, 132, "that a defendant who manifestly omits to answer, or answers evasively any substantial part of the bill, who evidently and purposely holds back something, cannot complain if he should find himself regarded with suspicion and distrust, and be refused that to which he may, in truth, be entitled, and, under other appearances, might have obtained.” So, in Bentley vs. Cowman, 6 G. & J., 155, it is said, Pleadings in equity are founded in the purest principles of ethics, and marked by frankness and fair dealing.” It is no answer to say that the defendant was not obliged to criminate herself, for, conceding that this would have relieved her from answering the allegation that she was then carrying on that business, it is very clear that she would not have subjected herself to a prosecution, by denying that she had purchased this house with a view to coniinue it there. We are constrained, therefore, to consider the appellant as a person about to open the premises as a house of ill-fame, and the prominent question for decision is, whether the jurisdiction of courts of equity embraces the prohibition of such public nuisances, where the complaint is, that they will, by reason of their close proximity, deprive other persons of the comfortable enjoyment of their property, and greatly depreciate and lessen its value.
As was observed by the appellant’s counsel, no decision has been found in which the power was exercised in such cases as the present. Nor is there any in which the writ of injunction has been applied for and denied. But the absence of precedents, though not to be overlooked entirely, does not, of itself, determine questions of jurisdiction. We consult adjudged cases to ascertain their reason and spirit. These are the foundation of the law. 3 Bland, 133. Fisher vs. Prince, 3 Burr., 1364. Rust vs. Cooper, Cowp., 632. Courts are not to assume jurisdiction, but they may amplify remedies, and apply rules and general principles for the advancement of substantial justice. Broom’s Maxims, 36. 50 Law Lib., 50. Russell vs. Smyth, 9 Mees. & Wels., 818, per Ld. Abinger. If this were not so, and courts were confined to particular precedents, there would be no power to grant relief in new cases constantly occurring. And, hence, when they do arise, and rights can be asserted, or wrongs prevented or redressed, consistently with established principles, it would be a great failure of justice to deny relief, merely because no decision could be found in which the jurisdiction had been invoked and exercised. The point on this appeal, then, is not whether an injunction has ever issued to prevent the establishment of a public nuisance of this kind, but whether the doctrines of equity, applicable to nuisances, should be applied to the present case.
Although at law, the remedy in respect to public nuisances is by indictment, and in respect to private ones, by action at the instance of the person injured, yet, in the common law tribunals, redress may be had for damage resulting from public as well as private nuisances. These remedies can only abate or afford compensation for an existing nuisance, and are ineffectual to restrain or prevent such as are threatened or in progress. Hence there is a jurisdiction in equity to enjoin, whenever the nature of the inj ury is such that it cannot be adequately compensated by damages, or from its continuance or permanent mischief, will occasion a constantly recurring grievance. And as a party injured by a public nuisance may have his action at law for damages thereby sustained, so he may apply for an injunction to prevent such nuisance, if its existence will cause a substantial prejudice to his property, or the reasonable enjoyment thereof. Drewry on Injunctions, 240. 36 Law Lib., 165. Adams' Equity, 210. 68 Law Lib., 185. 2 Story's Eq., sec. 920 to 926. Jeremy's Equity, 309, 310. This author says: “The foundation of this court’s jurisdiction on the subject of nuisance, is the probability of irreparable mischief; that sort of material injury by one to the comfort of another, which requires the application of a power to prevent, as well as to remedy, the evil.”
We need not review here the cases on which these writers rely. They generally sustain the doctrine as laid down by them. Formerly the jurisdiction was more restricted than at present; but, for many years, both in England and in this country, this process has been more extensively employed, as the exigencies of society created a necessity for its use, according to recognized doctrines of equity. The English decisions were examined by the vice-chancellor, in Soltau vs. DeHeld, 9 Eng. Law & Eq., 104, upon the'authority of which, he considered himself warranted in applying the remedy in restraint of ringing church bells, “so as to occasion any nuisance, disturbance, or annoyance to the plaintiff, and his family residing in his house,” upon the ground that a private person may bring his bill in equity, where he apprehends injury or disturbance in the enjoyment of his property from a public nuisance.
In this country, too, there are decisions full to the point. We mention, particularly, Corning vs. Lowerre, 6 Johns. Ch. Rep., 439, recognized in 12 Peters, 91, where Chancellor Kent allowed the writ, “inasmuch as there was a special grievance to the plaintiffs, affecting the enjoyment of their property, and the value of it. The obstruction was not only a common or public nuisance, but worked a special injury to the plaintiffs.” The Supreme Court, in 12 Peters, 91, said, that “a court of equity, pursuing the analogy of the law, that a party may maintain a private action for special damage, even in case of a public nuisance, will now take jurisdiction in case of a public nuisance, at the instance of a private person, where he is in imminent danger of suffering a special injury, for which, under the circumstances of the case, the law would not afford an adequate remedy.” This principle appears to have been acted upon in this State; for in the case of Harrison vs. Sterett, 4 H. & McH., 540, a claim for damage resulting from a public nuisance, was sustained at law; and in The Del. & Md. R. R. Co. vs. Stump, 8 G. & J., 479, the jurisdiction of courts of equity in such cases was recognized, but not cn - forced, because the bill did not state a case of private grievance.
But the appellant’s counsel suggested that a distinction should be taken between the cases relied on in support of this power and the present, because here the object is to prevent what is offensive to the moral senses. We need not inquire how far this jurisdiction can be defended on grounds of morality, and to preserve the decencies of life from gross violation. The case does not require this. But it would be strange, indeed, if when the court’s powers are invoked for the protection and enjoyment of property, and may be rightfully exercised for that purpose, its arm should be paralyzed by the mere circumstance that, in the exercise of this jurisdiction, it might incidentally be performing the functions of a moral censor, by suppressing a shocking vice denounced by the law, and amenable to its penalties from the earliest times. And if, as the authorities show, the court may interfere where the physical senses are offended, the comfort of life destroyed, or health impaired, these alone being the basis of the jurisdiction, the •present complainants, presenting as they do a case otherwise entitling them to relief, should not be disappointed merely because the effect of the process will be to protect their families from the moral taint of such an establishment as the appellant proposes to open in their immediate vicinity.
The objection of multifariousness as to parties, was made at the hearing, and not by demurrer, which is the usual practice. When raised at the hearing, it is not always fatal, but will be allowed at the discretion of the court. Story’s Eq. Pl., secs. 271, 284, a. 530, 540, 541. One ground for such objections is, that the defendant might be required to unite in one answer defences not applicable to all the complainants, thereby presenting various issues in the same cause, and involving the defendant in unnecessary litigation and expense. Where, however, the court can perceive that the reason of the rule does not apply, and the objection is not made by demurrer, it ought not to interfere sua sponte. Here the objection has been waived by the answer, which takes defence as to all the complainants, and under it, the real point in controversy can be determined as well as if there were as many suits as there are plaintiffs. Therefore, without deciding whether the bill be demurrable or not, we are of opinion that the point was properly ruled against the appellant.
Order affirmed, and cause remanded. | CASELAW |
The Battle of Hastings
We have seen from the last article in this series, that Duke William of Normandy had landed his fleet at Pevensey, in Sussex, ready to meet King Harold in battle. Amongst his commanders were his half-brother, Bishop Odo, more warrior than churchman, who would rally the Norman troops and support William's orders in battle. Harold, meanwhile, had made haste to return south after defeating his enemies in Yorkshire at Stamford Bridge.
Now, with a reduced force of tired men, King Harold and his army rode out from London and made his encampment at Senlac Hill a few miles from the Hastings coastline. The date was now 13th October 1066. Harold encamped for the night. Amongst his closest and most loyal company were his brothers Leofwyn and Gyrth.
In the 11th Century, the area where the Battle Of Hastings was fought was known as Senlac, and Senlac Hill dominated the valley that lay before it. In modern times, this place is occupied by the town of Battle, which includes Battle Abbey which William had built afterwards to commemorate the event.
On the following day, Wednesday 14th October, the battle commenced around 9 o'clock in the morning, and lasted all day until about 5 o'clock when it was almost dark. Harold had been hoping for more reinforcements, but they did not come. Although Harold's forces were numerically superior, they were less well-equipped and less well-trained than the Normans. He and his forces were arrayed on top of Senlac Hill ready to receive the first wave of Norman forces.
The Bloody Battle
Duke William first sent in his men-at-arms, or foot soldiery, but the English repulsed them. Archers fired arrows into the English ranks, but firing uphill took the power out of these flights. The Norman cavalry then charged up the hill to engage the English troops but were successfully fought off, beaten back by lance, sword and the long shafted Danish battle-axe. The English had formed the classic shield-wall tactic of the day, where each man interlocked his kite-shaped shield with the man beside him so that they presented to the Normans an impenetrable wall of shields through which it was difficult to break through.
In those days, the English had not fully realised the importance of massed ranks of archery which in later centuries would prove invaluable in pitched battles of this nature. Therefore, only a small number of archers were found amongst King Harold's warriors. The Normans, on the other hand, had amongst them trained squads of archers launching volleys of arrows into the English ranks, and although uphill, it would have had a demoralizing effect, setting the men on edge, and many warriors would still have fallen.
According to the Bayeux Tapestry Harold's brothers Leofwyn and Gyrth seem to have been killed early on in the battle. Already, the Normans appeared to be prevailing. But the left flank of William's cavalry, unable to advance deeply into the English ranks, broke away and retreated down the hill. Encouraged by this, some of Harold's own forces broke out and gave chase down the hill, hoping for a quick victory. But William commanded his squadrons in the centre of his force to cut the English down.
William Almost Killed
The Normans regrouped and charged up Senlac Hill once more, all the while assailing the English with masses of arrows. At one point in the battle, Duke William galloped to where there was a serious breech in his forces, and the English were gaining the upper hand. William's horse was killed under him, and he fell.
Now the rumour spread amongst the Normans that William was slain. Duke William had to act quickly, so now gaining another horse from one of his knights, he lifted his helmet up revealing his face, and turning in the saddle for all to see that he was alive. This is depicted for us in the Bayeux Tapestry. Bishop Odo and Count Eustace of Boulogne cried out to the men to get their attention that William still lived.
The section of the English forces that had chased the Normans downhill were now inflicting murderous results upon the Bretons of William's army, in an area of marshland. William ordered some of his cavalry down to where the melee was being fought and the Norman knights killed every man amongst the English in that region.
The Impenetrable Shield Wall
After much fighting for several hours, both sides were now exhausted, and there was a pause in the violence whilst both the Normans and the English regrouped. William had still not been able to break down the impenetrable English shield-wall.
William had intended to use his cavalry principally for the finale of the battle, but due to having unsuccessfully tried to break the shield-wall with infantry and archery, and having lost so many of them in the process, he now had no choice but to use his knights for the final thrust.
In the Bayeux Tapestry Bishop Odo is seen commanding the knights in a charge up Senlac Hill. The Norman cavalry now received the full brunt of the English shield-wall, with long poled axes, swords and spears thrust at the charging horses and riders. More slaughter was to come. The Normans retreated down the hill once more, and it is speculated that if Harold and his men had only just held the hill, Duke William might never have won the battle and would never have been known thereafter as The Conqueror. But fate was not to lead England on that path. A large number of Harold's forces now broke the invincible shield-wall and gave chase down the hill once more. It was a fateful mistake which cost Harold the battle, the crown and his life.
William's cavalry now wheeled around and reformed, inflicting massive slaughter on the individual English soldiers, no longer protected by the overlapping shields of the wall. However, there were still warriors holding the shield-wall intact, with Harold amongst them up on the hill. However, their numbers were greatly reduced.
The Death of King Harold
It was now late in the afternoon. Once more, the Normans attacked up Senlac Hill. This time, William employed a mixed force of troops. Archers sent cascading flights of murderous arrows high into the sky so that they rained down on the heads and shoulders of the English. The Norman infantry ran up the hill and the knights galloped at full charge.
The Bayeux Tapestry depicts a man in mail armour holding an arrow protruding from his right eye. It has always been a popular belief that this figure is King Harold, mainly because directly above the figure the name Harold Rex is embroidered in the tapestry. Some historians dispute that this figure is Harold and claim that Harold is depicted as the figure to the right of the man with the arrow in his eye, who is falling under the slashing sword of a mounted Norman knight. However, the man with the arrow in the eye definitely appears to be of more 'noble' bearing than the man being felled by the charging Norman knight.
Personally, having studied the Bayeux Tapestry, I have noticed that all the important characters in the battle have their names directly over them. I believe, therefore, that the figure with the arrow in his eye is indeed meant to represent King Harold, as his name appears immediately above the figure shown. For me, Harold was a victim of one of the arrows that came hurtling down from high above, being first struck in the eye. Being the stoic warrior that he was, if the arrow did not penetrate his brain, he carried on fighting, either plucking the arrow out (presumably taking the eye with it) or snapping the shaft off to shorten it.
We have an account of how Harold finally died, with just the last company of his loyal men with him upon Senlac Hill. He was attacked by several of William's prominent Norman knights, namely, Guy of Ponthieu, Giffard, Montford and Eustace of Boulogne. One of the Norman knights who witnessed this scene, Guy of Amiens, described it graphically as follows:
"With the point of his lance the first pierced Harold's shield and then penetrated his chest, drenching the ground with his blood which poured out in torrents. With his sword the second cut off his head, just below where his helmet protected him. The third disembowelled him with his javelin. The fourth hacked off his leg at the thigh and hurled it far away. Struck down in this way, the dead body lay on the ground."
An horrific end; and if Harold was struck by an arrow in the eye as well, he must have fought magnificently, still standing with blood gushing from one eye socket until he was killed. In the aftermath, as darkness crept over the land, the Normans pursued the fleeing English survivors who made off in all directions, some on horseback and others on foot, taking the roads and pathways which led out of the field of battle.
Duke William had won the day, and the crown of England to boot, having had three horses killed under him. But the heroism of King Harold and his men would live throughout the annals of English history.
Books: History of the Anglo-Saxons by Sir Francis Palgrave
The Bayeux Tapestry: The Norman Conquest 1066 by Norman Denny & Josephine Filmer-Sankey
Conquest & Overlord by Brian Jewell
Recording: This Sceptred Isle by Christopher Lee for the BBC Radio Collection
© 2019 S P Austen | FINEWEB-EDU |
クエリ実行計画
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
移動先: 案内検索
クエリ実行計画（くえりじっこうけいかく）とは、ユーザが発行した問い合わせに基づきデータベース管理システム (DBMS) が内部的に生成する情報であり、これによりDBMSの行うデータ処理がプログラム的に表される。[1]
DBMSはクエリ実行計画の生成にあたりクエリ最適化の処理を行い、最も効果的に処理できる(と判断された)クエリ実行計画を問い合わせから導き出す。
クエリ実行計画はDBMSがその機能を実現するための内部的な情報に過ぎないが、ユーザがチューニングを行うとき手がかりとなる情報を提供するために、多くのDBMSが実行計画の表示機能を提供する。
例としてApache Derbyの実行計画を以下に示す。
Statement Name:
null
Statement Text:
SELECT Country FROM Countries WHERE Region = 'Central America'
Parse Time: 10
Bind Time: 0
Optimize Time: 370
Generate Time: 10
Compile Time: 390
Execute Time: 0
Begin Compilation Timestamp : 2005-05-25 09:20:41.274
End Compilation Timestamp : 2005-05-25 09:20:41.664
Begin Execution Timestamp : 2005-05-25 09:20:41.674
End Execution Timestamp : 2005-05-25 09:20:41.674
Statement Execution Plan Text:
Project-Restrict ResultSet (2):
Number of opens = 1
Rows seen = 6
Rows filtered = 0
restriction = false
projection = true
constructor time (milliseconds) = 0
open time (milliseconds) = 0
next time (milliseconds) = 0
close time (milliseconds) = 0
restriction time (milliseconds) = 0
projection time (milliseconds) = 0
optimizer estimated row count: 11.90
optimizer estimated cost: 69.35
Source result set:
Table Scan ResultSet for COUNTRIES at read committed isolation level
using instantaneous share row locking chosen by the optimizer
Number of opens = 1
Rows seen = 6
Rows filtered = 0
Fetch Size = 16
constructor time (milliseconds) = 0
open time (milliseconds) = 10
next time (milliseconds) = 0
close time (milliseconds) = 0
next time in milliseconds/row = 0
scan information:
Bit set of columns fetched={0, 2}
Number of columns fetched=2
Number of pages visited=3
Number of rows qualified=6
Number of rows visited=114
Scan type=heap
start position:
null stop position:
null qualifiers:
Column[0][0] Id: 2
Operator: =
Ordered nulls: false
Unknown return value: false
Negate comparison result: false
optimizer estimated row count: 11.90
optimizer estimated cost: 69.35
参照[編集]
1. ^ ここでプログラム的に表されるとは、プログラムが実行計画に単純に従うことにより、実行計画が表すデータ処理を行えることを意味する。 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
File:Damien Rice Montreal 2007.jpg
Summary
Damien Rice playing in Montreal, may 20th 2007, with his bass player on the left. | WIKI |
Richard O'Connor
General Sir Richard Nugent O'Connor, (21 August 1889 – 17 June 1981) was a senior British Army officer who fought in both the First and Second World Wars, and commanded the Western Desert Force in the early years of the Second World War. He was the field commander for Operation Compass, in which his forces destroyed a much larger Italian army – a victory which nearly drove the Axis from Africa, and in turn, led Adolf Hitler to send the Afrika Korps under Erwin Rommel to try to reverse the situation. O'Connor was captured by a German reconnaissance patrol during the night of 7 April 1941 and spent over two years in an Italian prisoner of war camp. He eventually escaped after the fall of Mussolini in the autumn of 1943. In 1944 he commanded VIII Corps in the Battle of Normandy and later during Operation Market Garden. In 1945 he was General Officer in Command of the Eastern Command in India and then, in the closing days of British rule in the subcontinent, he headed Northern Command. His final job in the army was Adjutant-General to the Forces in London, in charge of the British Army's administration, personnel and organisation.
In honour of his war service, O'Connor was recognised with the highest level of knighthood in two different orders of chivalry. He was also awarded the Distinguished Service Order (twice), the Military Cross, the French Croix de Guerre and the Legion of Honour, and served as aide-de-camp to King George VI. He was also mentioned in despatches nine times for actions in the First World War, once in Palestine in 1939 and three times in the Second World War.
Early life
Richard Nugent O'Connor was born in Srinagar, Kashmir, India, on 21 August 1889. His father, Maurice O'Connor, was a major in the Royal Irish Fusiliers, and his mother, Lilian Morris, was the daughter of a former governor of India's central provinces. He attended Tonbridge Castle School in 1899 and The Towers School in Crowthorne in 1902. In 1903, aged 13, and after his father's death in an accident, he moved to Wellington College. "His career there was not distinguished in any way", however, although he enjoyed his time there.
Following this, he went to the Royal Military College at Sandhurst in January 1908. Despite his success in later life, his time there, as at Wellington (only a few miles away from Sandhurst), was not remarkable, and he did not mention his time there even in his later life. A year ahead of him at the college was a man who would play a significant role in O'Connor's future military career and life. This was Bernard Montgomery, about two years older than O'Connor, although it is unknown if the two men knew of each other at this very early stage of their military careers.
Passing out 38th in the order of merit, in September of the following year O'Connor, anxious to join a Scottish regiment, was commissioned, as a second lieutenant and posted to the 2nd Battalion of his new regiment, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), the regiment of his choice, recruiting from Glasgow and Lanarkshire, and with which he was to maintain close ties with for the rest of his life. The battalion was initially stationed in Aldershot when O'Connor joined them in October 1909 before being rotated, in January 1910, to Colchester. It was here where he received signals and rifle training, after attending courses for both, resulting in his being appointed a regimental signals officer for the former, and becoming a distinguished marksman after attending the Small Arms School at Hythe, Kent. In September 1911 the battalion sailed for Malta where it was to remain for the next three years as part of a Malta brigade, with O'Connor, now a lieutenant (having been promoted to that rank in May), continuing in his role as regimental signals officer. By now it was becoming obvious that a war in Europe was on the horizon. As a result, for O'Connor, who at some point was appointed the Malta brigade's signals officer, the years of 1913 and 1914 were spent in training the men under his command for the duties that they would one day have to perform in battle.
First World War
During the First World War, O'Connor initially served as signals officer of the 22nd Brigade in the 7th Division and captain in command of the 7th Division's Signals Company. From October 1916, as a captain and later as a brevet major, he served as brigade major of 91st Brigade, 7th Division. He was awarded the Military Cross (MC) in February 1915. In March of that year he saw action at Arras and Bullecourt. O'Connor was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) and appointed brevet lieutenant-colonel while he was in command of the 2nd Infantry Battalion of the Honourable Artillery Company, part of the 7th Division, in June 1917. The citation for his DSO reads:
"For conspicuous gallantry and resource. In consequence of a change in the situation a revision of plans became necessary, but, owing to darkness and heavy shelling, confusion arose. By his courage and promptness he quickly restored order, and organised a successful attack."
In November of that year, the division was ordered to support the Italians against the Austro-Hungarian forces at the River Piave which then formed part of the Italian Front. In late October 1918 the 2nd Battalion captured the island of Grave di Papadopoli on the Piave River for which O'Connor received the Italian Silver Medal of Military Valor and a Bar to his DSO.
At the end of the war, O'Connor reverted to his rank of captain and served as regimental adjutant from April to December 1919.
Between the wars
O'Connor attended the Staff College, Camberley in 1920. O'Connor's other service in the years between the world wars included an appointment from 1921 to 1924 as brigade major of the Experimental Brigade (or 5 Brigade) under the command of J. F. C. Fuller, which was formed to test methods and procedures for using tanks and aircraft in co-ordination with infantry and artillery.
He returned to his old unit, the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), as adjutant from February 1924 to 1925. From 1925 to 1927 he served as a company commander at Sandhurst. He returned to the Staff College, Camberley as an instructor from October 1927 to January 1930. In 1930 O'Connor again served with the 1st Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) in Egypt and from 1931 to 1932 in Lucknow, India. From April 1932 to January 1935 he was a general staff officer, grade 2 at the War Office. He attended the Imperial Defence College in London in 1935. In April 1936 O'Connor was promoted to full colonel and appointed temporary brigadier to assume command of the Peshawar Brigade in north west India. In September 1938 O'Connor was promoted to major-general and appointed General Officer Commanding 7th Infantry Division in Palestine, along with the additional responsibility as Military Governor of Jerusalem. For his services in Palestine O'Connor was mentioned in despatches.
In August 1939, shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War, the 7th Division was transferred to the fortress at Mersa Matruh, Egypt, where O'Connor was concerned with defending the area against a potential attack from the massed forces of the Italian Tenth Army over the border in Libya. The 7th Division later converted to become the 6th Division in November 1939. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in July 1940.
Italian Offensive and Operation Compass
Italy declared war on Britain and France on 10 June 1940 and, soon after, O'Connor was appointed commander of the Western Desert Force. He was tasked by Lieutenant-General Henry Maitland Wilson, commander of the British troops in Egypt, to push the Italian force out of Egypt, to protect the Suez Canal and British interests from attack.
On 13 September, Graziani struck: his leading divisions advanced sixty miles into Egypt where they reached the town of Sidi Barrani and, short of supplies, began to dig in. O'Connor then began to prepare for a counterattack. He had the 7th Armoured Division and the Indian 4th Infantry Division along with two brigades. British and Commonwealth troops in Egypt totalled around 36,000 men. The Italians had nearly five times as many troops along with hundreds more tanks and artillery pieces and the support of a much larger air force. Meanwhile, small raiding columns were sent out from the 7th Armoured and newly formed Long Range Desert Group to probe, harass, and disrupt the Italians (this marked the start of what became the Special Air Service). The Royal Navy and Royal Air Force supported by bombarding enemy strongpoints, airfields and rear areas.
During November, O'Connor was appointed an acting lieutenant-general in recognition of the increased size of his command.
The counteroffensive, Operation Compass, began on 8 December 1940. O'Connor's relatively small force of 31,000 men, 275 tanks and 120 artillery pieces, ably supported by an RAF wing and the Royal Navy, broke through a gap in the Italian defences at Sidi Barrani near the coast. The Desert Force cut a swath through the Italian rear areas, stitching its way between the desert and the coast, capturing strongpoint after strongpoint by cutting off and isolating them. The Italian guns proved to be no match for the heavy British Matilda tanks and their shells bounced off the armour. By mid-December the Italians had been pushed completely out of Egypt, leaving behind 38,000 prisoners and large stores of equipment.
The Desert Force paused to rest briefly before continuing the assault into Italian Libya against the remainder of Graziani's disorganised army. At that point, the Commander-in-Chief Middle East General Sir Archibald Wavell ordered the 4th Indian Division withdrawn to spearhead the invasion of Italian East Africa. This veteran division was to be replaced by the inexperienced 6th Australian Division, which, although tough, was untrained for desert warfare. Despite this setback, the offensive continued with minimal delay. By the end of 6 December the Australians besieged and took Bardia along with 40,000 more prisoners and 400 guns.
In early January 1941, the Western Desert Force was redesignated XIII Corps. On 9 January, the offensive resumed. By 12 January the strategic fortress port of Tobruk was surrounded. On 22 January it fell and another 27,000 Italian POWs were taken along with valuable supplies, food, and weapons. As Tobruk fell it was decided to have XIII Corps answerable directly to Wavell at HQ Middle East Command, removing HQ British troops Egypt from the chain of command. On 26 January the remaining Italian divisions in eastern Libya began to retreat to the northwest along the coast. O'Connor promptly moved to pursue and cut them off, sending his armour southwest through the desert in a wide flanking movement, while the infantry gave chase along the coast to the north. The lightly armoured advance units of 4th Armoured Brigade arrived at Beda Fomm before the fleeing Italians on 5 February, blocking the main coast road and their route of escape. Two days later, after a costly and failed attempt to break through the blockade, and with the main British infantry force fast bearing down on them from Benghazi to the north, the demoralised, exhausted Italians unconditionally capitulated. O'Connor and Eric Dorman-Smith cabled back to Wavell, "Fox killed in the open..."
In two months, the XIII Corps/Western Desert Force had advanced over 800 mi, destroyed an entire Italian army of ten divisions, taken over 130,000 prisoners, 400 tanks and 1,292 guns at the cost of 500 killed and 1,373 wounded. In recognition of this, O'Connor was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath.
Reversal and capture
In a strategic sense, however, the victory of Operation Compass was not yet complete; the Italians still controlled most of Libya and possessed forces which would have to be dealt with. The Axis foothold in North Africa would remain a potential threat to Egypt and the Suez Canal so long as this situation continued. O'Connor was aware of this and urged Wavell to allow him to push on to Tripoli with all due haste to finish off the Italians. Wavell concurred as did Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson, now the military governor of Cyrenaica, and XIII Corps resumed its advance. However, O'Connor's new offensive would prove short-lived: when the corps reached El Agheila, just to the southwest of Beda Fomm, Churchill ordered the advance to halt there. The Axis had invaded Greece and Wavell was ordered to send all available forces there as soon as possible to oppose this. Wavell took the 6th Australian Division, along with part of 7th Armoured Division and most of the supplies and air support for this ultimately doomed operation. XIII Corps HQ was wound down and in February 1941 O'Connor was appointed General Officer Commanding-in-Chief the British Troops in Egypt.
Matters were soon to become much worse for the British. By March 1941, Hitler had dispatched General Erwin Rommel along with the Afrika Korps to bolster the Italians in Libya. Wavell and O'Connor now faced a formidable foe under a commander whose cunning, resourcefulness, and daring would earn him the nickname "the Desert Fox". Rommel wasted little time in launching his own offensive on 31 March. The inexperienced 2nd Armoured Division was soundly defeated and on 2 April Wavell came forward to review matters with Lieutenant-General Sir Philip Neame, by now the commander of British and Commonwealth troops in Cyrenaica (Wilson having left to command the Allied expeditionary force in Greece). O'Connor was called forward and arrived from Cairo the next day, but declined to assume Neame's command because of his lack of familiarity with the prevailing conditions. However, he agreed to stay to advise.
On 6 April O'Connor and Neame, while travelling to their headquarters which had been withdrawn from Maraua to Timimi, were captured by a German patrol near Martuba.
Captivity and escape
O'Connor spent the next two and a half years as a prisoner of war, mainly at the Castello di Vincigliata near Florence, Italy. Here he and Neame were in the company of such figures as Major-General Sir Adrian Carton de Wiart and Air Vice Marshal Owen Tudor Boyd. Although the conditions of their imprisonment were not unpleasant, the officers soon formed an escape club and began planning a break-out. Their first attempt, a simple attempt to climb over the castle walls, resulted in a month's solitary confinement. The second attempt, by an escape tunnel built between October 1942 and March 1943, had some success, with two New Zealander brigadiers, James Hargest and Reginald Miles, reaching Switzerland. O'Connor and Carton de Wiart, travelling on foot, were at large for a week but were captured near Bologna in the Po Valley. Once again, a month's solitary confinement was the result.
It was only after the Italian surrender in September 1943 that the final, successful, attempt was made. With help from the Italian resistance movement, Boyd, O'Connor and Neame escaped while being transferred from Vincigliati. After a failed rendezvous with a submarine, they arrived by boat at Termoli, then went on to Bari where they were welcomed as guests by General Sir Harold Alexander, commanding the Allied Armies in Italy (AAI), then fighting on the Italian Front, along with the American General Dwight D. Eisenhower, on 21 December 1943. Upon his return to Britain, O'Connor was presented with the knighthood he had been awarded in 1941 and promoted to lieutenant-general. Montgomery suggested that O'Connor be his successor as British Eighth Army commander, but that post was instead given to Oliver Leese and O'Connor was given a corps to command.
VIII Corps and Normandy
On 21 January 1944 O'Connor became commander of VIII Corps, which consisted of the Guards Armoured Division, 11th Armoured Division, 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division, along with 6th Guards Tank Brigade, 8th Army Group Royal Artillery and 2nd Household Cavalry Regiment. The corps formed part of the British Second Army, commanded by Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey, which itself was part of the Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group, commanded by General Sir Bernard Montgomery, a friend who had also been a fellow instructor at the Staff College, Camberley in the 1920s, in addition to having served together in Palestine some years before. O'Connor's new command was to take part in Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of German-occupied France, although it was not scheduled for the initial landings as it was to form part of the second wave to go ashore.
On 11 June 1944, five days after the initial landings in Normandy, O'Connor and the leading elements of VIII Corps arrived in Normandy in the sector around Caen, which would be the scene of much hard fighting during the next few weeks. O'Connor's first mission (with the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division under command, replacing the Guards Armoured Division) was to mount Operation Epsom, a break out from the bridgehead established by the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division, cross the Odon and Orne rivers, then secure the high-ground positions northeast of Bretteville-sur-Laize and cut Caen off from the south. The break-out and river crossings were accomplished promptly. The army group commander, Montgomery, congratulated O'Connor and his VIII Corps on their success. But cutting off Caen would prove much harder. VIII Corps was pushed back over the Orne. O'Connor tried to re-establish a bridgehead during Operation Jupiter with the 43rd (Wessex) Division, but met with little success. Although the operation had failed to achieve its tactical objectives, Montgomery was pleased with the strategic benefits in the commitment and fixing of the German armoured reserves to the Caen sector.
After being withdrawn into reserve on 12 July, the next major action for VIII Corps would be Operation Goodwood, for which the corps was stripped of its infantry divisions but had a third armoured division (7th Armoured Division) attached. The attack began on 18 July with a massive aerial bombardment by the 9th USAAF, and ended on 20 July with a three-pronged drive to capture Bras and Hubert-Folie on the right, Fontenay on the left, and Bourguébus Ridge in the centre. However, the attack ground to a halt in pouring rain, turning the battlefield into a quagmire, with the major objectives still not taken, notably the Bourguebus Ridge which was the key to any break-out.
Restored to its pre-invasion formation but with British 3rd Infantry Division attached, the corps was switched to the southwest of Caen to take part in Operation Bluecoat. 15th (Scottish) Division attacked towards Vire to the east and west of Bois du Homme in order to facilitate the American advance in Operation Cobra (O'Connor, 5/3/25 July 29 1944). A swift drive was followed by fierce fighting to the south during the first two days of the advance, with both sides taking heavy losses.
As the allies prepared to pursue the Germans from France, O'Connor learned that VIII Corps would not take part in this phase of the campaign. VIII Corps was placed in reserve, and its transport used to supply XXX Corps and XII Corps. His command was reduced in mid-August, with the transfer of the Guards Armoured Divisions and 11th Armoured Division to XXX Corps and 15th (Scottish) Division to XII Corps. While in reserve, O'Connor maintained an active correspondence with Montgomery, Hobart and others, making suggestions for improvements of armoured vehicles and addressing various other problems such as combat fatigue. Some of his recommendations were followed up; such as for mounting "rams" on armoured vehicles in order to cope with the difficult hedgerow country (O'Connor, 5/3/41- 5/3/44 Aug 24, 26 1944).
Operation Market Garden and India
O'Connor remained in command of VIII Corps, for the time being, and was given the task of supporting Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks' XXX Corps in Operation Market Garden, the plan by Montgomery to establish a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands. Following their entry into Weert at the end of September, VIII Corps prepared for and took part in Operation Aintree, the advance towards Venray and Venlo beginning on 12 October.
However, on 27 November O'Connor was removed from his post and was ordered to take over from Lieutenant-General Sir Mosley Mayne as GOC-in-C, Eastern Command, India. Smart's account says that Montgomery prompted the move for, "not being ruthless enough with his American subordinates", although Mead states that the initiative was taken by Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), but Montgomery made no attempt to retain O'Connor. He was succeeded as GOC VIII Corps by Major-General Evelyn Barker, a much younger man and formerly the GOC of the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division who had been one of O'Connor's students at the Staff College at Camberley in the late 1920s. This marked the end of a long and distinguished combat career, although the new job was an important one, controlling the lines of communication of the Fourteenth Army. O'Connor was mentioned in despatches for the thirteenth and final time of his career on 22 March 1945.
Having been promoted to full general in April 1945, O'Connor was appointed GOC-in-C North Western Army in India in October that year (the formation was renamed Northern Command in November of that year). By now the war was over.
Post-war
From 1946 to 1947 he was Adjutant-General to the Forces and aide-de-camp general to the King. His career as adjutant general was to be short-lived, however. After a disagreement over a cancelled demobilisation for troops stationed in the Far East, O'Connor offered his resignation in September 1947, which was accepted. Montgomery, by then the CIGS in succession to Brooke, maintained that he had been sacked, rather than resigned, for being, "not up to the job." Not long after this he was installed as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath.
Retirement and final years
O'Connor retired in 1948 at the age of fifty-eight. However, he maintained his links with the army and took on other responsibilities. He was Commandant of the Army Cadet Force in Scotland from 1948 to 1959; Colonel of the Cameronians, 1951 to 1954; Lord lieutenant of Ross and Cromarty from 1955 to 1964 and served as Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1964. His first wife, Jean, died in 1959, and in 1963 he married Dorothy Russell.
In July 1971, he was created Knight of the Order of the Thistle. O’Connor was interviewed concerning North African operations in episode 8, "The Desert: North Africa (1940–1943)”, of the acclaimed British documentary television series, The World at War. O'Connor died in London on 17 June 1981, just two months shy of his 92nd birthday. There was a small funeral, attended only by his family. There were also two memorial services, one held in London on 15 July, with O'Connor's great friend and admirer, Field Marshal Lord Harding, as he was now known, giving the address, where he stated the following:
"Dick O'Connor was my ideal of a commander in battle; always approachable and ready to listen, yet firm and decisive and always fair in his judgement of people and events; modest to a degree, shunning the limelight and embarrassed by praise; calmly resolute and courageously determined."
The second memorial service was held in Edinburgh on 11 August, where Lieutenant General Sir George Collingwood, who had been O'Connor's aide-de-camp in the late 1930s, made the address. Making references to O'Connor's campaign in the desert some forty years earlier, he then mentioned his numerous attempts to escape from captivity, along with his happy private life and his two "wonderful partners in the home", before ending his address with:
"So there is in a sense a picture of three different people. The dedicated soldier and brilliant fighting Commander, a prisoner of war exerting all his energies and taking great risks to escape and return to serve his Country, and the quiet, unassuming little country gentleman with the kindly smile and charming manners, who was a wonderful host and a wonderful guest, but of course it was one and the same person and the chief facets of his character were, I think, great courage and determination, an impelling sense of duty, loyalty, extreme personal modesty, kindness and generosity and a delightful sense of humour. I think the jokes he liked best were those against himself." | WIKI |
Kjell Engebretsen
Kjell Engebretsen (born 29 April 1941 in Oslo) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus in 1993, and was re-elected on two occasions.
Engebretsen was a member of Frogn municipality council in the periods 1983–1987 and 1991–1993. During these periods he was also a member of Akershus county council. | WIKI |
MOD Corsham
MOD Corsham (formerly Basil Hill Barracks) is a Ministry of Defence establishment located between the towns of Corsham and Box in Wiltshire, England. Since 1998 the site's principal activities concern British Armed Forces and MOD information and communications technology and information warfare.
History
The War Office bought a section of the Pockeridge estate to provide space for Basil Hill Barracks in 1936. The barracks were used by 15 Company Royal Army Ordnance Corps as the administrative headquarters for a Central Ammunitions Depot serving the south of England, known as CAD Corsham or CAD Monkton Farleigh. The depot closed in 1964, although the site was retained by the Royal Army Ordnance Corps and was still used as the headquarters of their Territorial Army section in the 1980s.
The site had two significant older buildings. Pockeridge House, to the east of the site, has origins in the 18th century, with additions including coach houses, stables and a walled garden; it was used as the Officers' Mess. Sandhurst Block is a substantial two-storey office building which was built in 1938, reputedly in the style of a monastery to disguise the site's use.
From 1998, Corsham was the headquarters of the newly created Defence Communication Services Agency, taking over from the Navy, Army and RAF which had dealt with their own communications. The site was then sometimes called DCSA Corsham. In 2007 the DCSA was subsumed into Information Systems & Services (ISS) within Defence Equipment and Support.
In 2019 Information Systems & Services and a number of organisations were brought together as Defence Digital, with an annual budget of over £2 billion and about 2,400 staff including military, civil servants and contractors, led by the Ministry of Defence chief information officer Charles Forte.
Today
Located on the former Basil Hill Barracks site, MOD Corsham is the product of a £690 million development project that was completed at the end of 2011. The site is home to the Ministry of Defence's Global Operations Security Control Centre (GOSCC), the Joint Security Co-ordination Centre (JSyCC), and Defence Digital. In 2012, GOSCC monitored and managed over 500,000 configurable IT assets in its "Operate and Defend" mission over MOD networks.
For the Army Reserve, the site has two multi-service units under JFC DD which recruit nationwide: the Land Information Assurance Group and a Joint Cyber Unit.
Corsham New Environment programme
The Corsham New Environment programme was initiated in 2001, to modernise the three sites around MoD Corsham with their 118 old buildings and 350 acre of underground facilities. The programme was approved in 2004, business case approved in 2006, and a 25-year £690 million Private Finance Initiative (PFI) contract placed in 2008 with the Inteq Consortium, a joint-venture between John Laing and Interserve. Two sites – the manor itself at RAF Rudloe Manor north, and Copenacre – were sold and the more efficient new site required 370 fewer operational staff.
Construction began in 2010 and the first staff moved in in 2011. The new Global Operations and Security Control Centre (GOSCC) building was built over the capped large Queen Mary vent to the underground facilities below. New accommodation for 180 service personnel and a sports hall were also built. Remediation works were carried out to the underground facilities. About 2,200 personnel, including industry partners, were expected to work at the site.
The programme was part of the Defence Equipment and Support 'PACE' (Performance, Agility, Confidence and Efficiency) business improvement programme to consolidate many of its staff within the Bristol and Bath area around its major MoD Abbey Wood site.
The south-west of the site, both under and above ground, formerly part of RAF Rudloe Manor south, has been used to house data centres by Ark Data Centres and their joint partnership with the UK Government, Crown Hosting Data Centres.
Other units
In addition to GOSCC, JSyCC and JFC DD, MOD Corsham is home to several more MoD units, among them 11th Signal Brigade's 10th Signal Regiment including its reserve unit 81 Signal Squadron; and 233 (Global Communication Networks) Signal Squadron (now part of the re-activated 13th Signal Regiment. The United Kingdom National Distribution Agency (UKNDA) and Electronic Messaging Service (email and secure dial-up) are also on the site. The site served as the headquarters of the British Army's 2nd (National Communications) Signal Brigade until it was disbanded in 2012.
In April 2016, a new Cyber Security Operations Centre (CSOC) "to protect the MOD's cyberspace from malicious actors" was announced at MOD Corsham, with a budget of over £40 million. The Operations Centre was to work alongside the planned civilian National Cyber Security Centre.
Airbus Defence and Space (previously Paradigm Secure Communications) have a base a few hundred metres north of the site to support the Skynet 5 private finance initiative satellite operations contract, in partnership with Defence Digital. The Corsham Computer Centre, a Royal Navy submarine support unit, is a few hundred metres north-east of MoD Corsham.
Scheduled monuments
A number of the underground facilities under MOD Corsham are scheduled monuments relating to Cold War history, including parts of the Central Government War Headquarters (CGWHQ). Additionally a number of underground murals painted by Olga Lehmann during World War II are Grade II* listed. East to west they are:
* Tunnel Quarry
* Slope Shaft (Emergency Exit) A
* Kitchen, Canteen, Laundry, Dining and Washroom Areas
* Prime Minister's Rooms and Operations Rooms
* Radio Studio
* GPO Telephone Exchange
* Lamson Terminus Room and associated Fan Room
* Quarry Operations Centre (QOC) Murals | WIKI |
Category:People by occupation
This category lists categories that classify people in the news by occupation, or other logical grouping. Each person should also be listed at Category:News articles by person. See also Category:Obituaries. | WIKI |
Talk:Fornjót
family tree
I'm thinking that the family tree should get its own page, and articles for the characters in the family tree link to that family tree page. Also, links to that family tree page could be put on the appropriate page(s) in the Genealogy and Monarchies categories. What say? John Rigali 19:42, 21 October 2005 (UTC)
* Yeah it would improve the visual idea or concept of these 2601:198:4100:3F70:5500:BF5:2927:A04B (talk) 04:50, 26 June 2023 (UTC)
Etymology of Logi, Ægir, Kári
While I don't mind all these different characters sharing a page, I think some information tends to be lost, or at least neglected to be added, when you combine them. I came here looking for the etymology of Logi (if perhaps it was connected to the PIE root *-h₁égni) and couldn't find any information on the etymology of Logi or any other of Fornjót's children. The only etymology on the page is for Fornjót (the subject of the article). If someone could please expand on this for me and when adding information to the article make sure none of it's subjects are neglected.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:09, 27 July 2010 (UTC)
* Sure I'll include my little bits of research, but you can delete some stuff if need be. In my eyes mythology has truths to be unlocked. 2601:198:4100:3F70:5500:BF5:2927:A04B (talk) 04:52, 26 June 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
සිංහල Tamil
Suwasáriya(Healthnet)
YOU ARE HERE : Home FAQ : What are the symptoms?
What are the symptoms?
Mild asthma - Irritating cough during night, but asymptomatic during daytime, wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, in the large majority of patients symptoms episodic and normal days in-between. Patients are able to identify aggravating factors as well as factors that reduce symptoms. Patients also have associated allergies runny nose, “hay fever”.
Moderate asthma - episodes of wheezing and coughing, symptoms are often worse at early morning and during night, brethlessness,chest tightness symptoms interfere with the activities of daily living and school work.
Sever asthma - wheezing, “tight” chest, extreme difficulty of breathing, nostrils flare when the patient breathe, difficult to talk, finger nails or lips turn gray or blue, neck ,chest or ribs are pulled in with each breathe.
Even those with mild asthma can have life threatening acute attacks, therefore it is important for patients for patients to know when asthma is poorly controlled. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Dolphins, Humans Share 'Brainy' Genes - Technology & science - Science - DiscoveryNews.com | NBC News
A close look at the dolphin genome reveals striking similarities between dolphins and humans. The new study, published in the latest Proceedings of the Royal Society B, suggests that certain genetic features have led to the convergent evolution of large brains and complex cognition in a handful of species, including dolphins and humans. NEWS: Dolphins - Second Smartest Animal? It has long been realized that dolphins rank among the most intelligent mammals, and they can do many things that great apes can do such as mirror self-recognition, communication, mimicry, and cultural transmission, lead author Michael McGowen told Discovery News, adding that dolphin brains are also distinct and different. WATCH VIDEO: Dolphins invent a new way to hunt fish. McGowen is a researcher in the Center for Molecular Medicine and Evolution at Detroit's Wayne State University School of Medicine. He and colleagues Lawrence Grossman and Derek Wildman compared approximately 10,000 protein coding genes culled from the dolphin genome with comparable genes from 9 other animals: a cow, horse, dog, mouse, human, elephant, opossum, platypus and chicken. Out of that group, cows are most closely related to dolphins. The two animals are separated by 70 million years of history, however. Similarities immediately became evident between dolphins, humans and elephants. All are animals known for their big brains and intelligence. First, the scientists determined that the big brained trio have genes supporting a slow molecular rate. McGowen explained that this feature has been connected to mammals with similar life histories, such as species with large generation times, large parental investment, and small effective population size. It happens that many of these species also have large brains, such as apes, elephants and cetaceans. The researchers also found that these brainy animals had an adaptive evolution of their nervous system genes, proving that quality and not just quantity is important. In other words for brain function, size isn't everything. McGowen said that, in the brain, folding, number of synapses, ratio of white matter to gray matter, and other factors appear to be predictable measures of intelligence. The scientists also identified molecular signatures of metabolic evolution. This leads to a chicken and egg-type question: Which came first, the big brain or the changes to metabolism? McGowen believes the latter evolved first. The big brain needs fuel, so we would guess that the changes to metabolism enabled the evolution of a big brain, he explained. It's interesting that we are seeing the same modifications to the same groups of genes in lineages with large brainsprimates, cetaceans, elephants. These include metabolic genes that provide the fuel for a brain, seeing as nervous tissue requires a lot more energy than other cells. How Stuff Works: Dolphins Dolphins additionally were discovered to have genes involved in human intellectual disorders and sleep. The former strongly suggests that those same genes are tied to intelligence, and could be involved in the amazing cognitive capacity of dolphins, McGowen said. As for sleep, the scientists found that a particular gene shared with humans and involved in wakefulness is altered in dolphins. Dolphins have an unusual form of sleep, in which only one side of the brain goes to sleep at a time, and during this state they continue to swim and have some awareness, he said. This is exciting that we found a gene that could be related to this unusual distinctive feature. All of these findings could strengthen the claim that dolphins are the world's second most intelligent animals. If we use relative brain size as a metric of 'intelligence' then one would have to conclude that dolphins are second in intelligence to modern humans, Lori Marino, Lori Marino, a senior lecturer in neuroscience and behavioral biology at Emory University, told Discovery News. The findings about elephants might also help to explain why these big-brained pachyderms sometimes outwit humans who are trying to study them. Elephants often figure out tasks quickly, ignore human rules, and then cheat to earn the maximum food rewards. 2012 Discovery Channel Discussion comments Most active discussions Show discussion | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:や
や also means shop / store but I'm not sure whether only as a suffix or whether it's usually spelled as kanji, but "hon-ya" is bookshop for instance.
This article now illustrates that we don't have an adequate system for marking words which are only ever written in kana, words which are normally written in kanji which have the pronunciation of this kana, and words wich are sometimes written both ways. Should we have 3 sections, one for each case, should we mark each entry in the artice, should we have 2 sections for the 1st two cases and treat the mixed case specially? — Hippietrail 06:48, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC) | WIKI |
Thursday, 6 November 2008
Installing a new Hard drive
How to install a new hard drive.
Sony Vaio with Windows XP Media edition and Sony back up.
Mission.
To upgrade the hard drive from a 100GB to 250GB without loosing any data, keeping the operating system and back up system intact.
Perceived problems.
Due to it being a laptop project, there is no way to connect two hard drives in parallel. The hard drive is also SATA, so no ribbon cables.
The cloning of the drive would have to be via USB.
Need cloning software (preferably free).
Things to buy before starting.
Toshiba 250Gig SATA drive from http://www.aria.co.uk/
SATA docking station with USB from http://www.maplin.co.uk/
Scan the Web
To find free software for cloning.
As part of the search, found free back up software in the form of DriveImage XML from ‘Runtime’ and boot disc software BartPE, from Bart Lagerweij.
Found the ideal program in ‘PC Disk Clone’ from ‘PC Disk Tools’ http://www.pcdisktools.com/
in Australia. They do several versions for sale and a free one. The free one is fully functional but SLOW.
Downloaded the free version and ran it on the Sony.
The program creates a boot disk in order to copy the hard drive. A nice logo of a sheep. No doubt reference to ‘Dolly’ the cloned sheep.
Follow the on screen instructions and put a blank CD in the drive. After a few seconds after clicking on the ‘Burn a CD’ and the disk logo button, a disk was created.
Start.
Set up the computer where it can’t be disturbed for a few hours.
Set up the caddy with the brand new, unformatted SATA drive in it, plugged in, switched on and connected the USB.
Put the disk just created, into the drive and re-start the computer. No need to set the BIOS to pick up the CD ROM drive as it is already set to look there first, if there is a bootable disk in the drive.
When it sets up it looks for the external drive. It said that, if it can’t find the USB just press any key.
This I did. I did try unplugging and reconnecting the USB but no visible acknowledgement on the screen, so I pressed any key.
Not to worry, the next screen showed the existence of the new drive on the USB.
You select the ‘source’ drive from the table, which was at the top of the list.
It showed the partitions on that drive including the hidden one where Sony had stored the recovery data.
Go to ‘next’, then select the Destination drive.
The drive was shown as ‘removable’. Then click next.
The cloning then started and showed 0% for several minutes.
It was SLOW. It took 10 hours!, to copy 100Gb to the new drive. But who cares, it was free and I don’t expect to do this on a regular basis.
Replace the drive.
Once finished and the computer was shut down, it was time to swap the drives.
On the VAIO the hard drive is accessed from under the computer. Remove 2 screws and then the drive slides out from the front. It has to be separated from the mounting plate by 4 screws.
Re-attach the new drive to the mounting plate plug it back in and replace the 2 screws diagonally opposite on the rectangular location.
Switch on. Hey Presto! The computer fired up as if nothing had happened to it. All the desk top and programs exactly in place.
So perfect was the copy that we had exactly the same capacity as before. What has happened to the extra size on the drive?!…..
Partitions.
Using Windows, I went to the Computer management. Found in ‘Control Panel’ then ‘Administrative Tools’ then ‘Computer Management’. Select the ‘Disk Management’ under the ‘Storage’ tree. And there it is!.
The Partitions are shown in a table, all as it should be. The hidden drive, the ‘C’ drive, the ‘D’ drive and there at the end, in black, ‘UNALLOCATED’ all 137Gb of it!
How to use it?
A bit of research on the net, all refers to using proprietary software such as ‘Partition Magic’, all at a price. Ok, if you are doing this as a living, but as a one off I want it for free!
I found a program called ‘Cute Partition Manager’ at http://www.cutepm.com/
I downloaded it and ran it. It makes a bootable disk so that it can handle messing with the hard drive without falling over itself.
It failed to make the boot disk properly so I selected it to make an ‘*.ISO" file, which it put in my root drive under CPM. I then burnt this to a CD using ‘Nero’.
The disk booted OK and gave a table of the partitions. I couldn’t work out how to expand the ‘C’ drive to make use of the unallocated area, at least not without loosing all the data it had taken me 10hours to put on there!
More research on their site on the web revealed that it couldn’t do it. It couldn’t do much more than the windows system would do anyway and to Re-partition would loose the data.
Back to the drawing board.
Research by Googling ‘Free partition software’ found a company called ‘Easeus’ at http://www.partition-tool.com/ or http://www.easeus.com/
Navigate to the FREE Partition Manager, Home Edition.
It downloaded and installed itself on the computer.
When you run it, it shows the partitions and you can simply drag with the mouse, using grab handles on the graphics. Brilliant!
I had to do it in several stages as the unallocated partition was at the end, after the ‘D’ drive.
I wanted a big ‘C’ drive and not so big ‘D’ drive.
So I first made the ‘D’ Huge, dragging the end of the partition right to the end of the line, using up all the unallocated space.
Then I made it small again by dragging the beginning away from the end of the ‘C’ drive.
I then expanded the ‘C’ drive to take up the slack. Almost as easy as saying it!
Then click on the ‘apply’ button. Then computer then shuts down and reboots.
Very clever that it doesn’t need an external drive like a floppy or CD. (It must retain the program in memory and run from there).
Anyway it re-booted and shows a display on how it’s getting on. It did it in three stages and took little more than 10 minutes.
It then re-booted and everything was OK. After a second re-boot to acknowledge what it saw as a new hard drive, a look in ‘My Computer’ shows a nice big ‘C’ drive and ‘D’ drive.
All is well.
No comments: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
U.S. stocks drop on Fed, Greece, Apple
SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) -- U.S. stocks closed broadly lower Wednesday, deepening losses throughout the session as a mix of unease about rescue funds to Greece and Federal Reserve comments quashing hopes for more easing took some steam out of a four-month rally. With liquidity "the name of the game," headlines about no-more QE3 "may have been an excuse for profit-taking," said Michael Gibbs, chief equity strategist at Morgan Keegan. A breakdown in heavyweight momentum-stock Apple Inc. , which had risen 2% earlier to new highs, may have also helped flatten the broader indexes. The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 97.33 points, or 0.8%, to 12,780.95. The S&P 500 fell 7.27 points, or 0.5%, to 1,343.23. The Nasdaq Composite lost 16 points, or 0.6%, to 2,915.83. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Can you have a endoscopy while pregnant
Home / Information / Can you have a endoscopy while pregnant
Imagine a delicate balancing act, where on one side you have the health of an expecting mother and on the other, the safety of her unborn child. Entering this equation is the question of undergoing medical procedures during pregnancy. Specifically, can you have an endoscopy while pregnant? Let’s unravel this intricate dilemma together.
What is an Endoscopy?
Before diving into the crux of the matter, it’s essential to understand what an endoscopy is. An endoscopy is a procedure where a doctor uses a special instrument, an endoscope, to view the inside of a person’s body. One common type of endoscopy is the upper GI endoscopy, which looks at the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract.
Concerned about endoscopy during pregnancy? Explore a safe alternative with our capsule endoscopy test. Learn more about this non-invasive option today and prioritize your health and your baby’s well-being.
Can you have a endoscopy while pregnant
The Concern: Endoscopy and Pregnancy
Pregnancy is a delicate period, and any medical procedure during this time is approached with caution. The main question remains: is it safe?
Risks and Considerations
While the endoscopy procedure itself is considered low risk, certain factors can influence its safety during pregnancy:
1. Anesthesia: Anesthesia is often used during endoscopy, and its effects on the fetus are a concern.
2. Radiation: If X-rays are used during the procedure, there’s a potential risk to the unborn child.
3. Physical Stress: The procedure might induce stress or discomfort, which could affect the expecting mother or fetus.
When is it Necessary?
While it’s preferable to avoid any non-essential medical procedures during pregnancy, there might be situations where an endoscopy is required, such as:
1. Severe gastrointestinal bleeding.
2. Persistent and unexplained abdominal pain.
3. Difficulty swallowing or severe reflux that doesn’t respond to medication.
In these cases, the benefits of the procedure might outweigh the risks.
Preparing for the Procedure
Consultation with Specialists
If an endoscopy is deemed necessary, it’s essential to consult with both a gastroenterologist and an obstetrician. They can provide guidance on the best approach, considering the safety of both the mother and the child.
Preparation for Upper Endoscopy
If you’re going ahead with the procedure, here’s what to expect:
1. Fasting: You might need to fast for a certain period before the procedure.
2. Medications: Discuss any medications you’re taking with your doctor, especially considering the pregnancy.
3. Post-Procedure Care: You might feel groggy or experience some discomfort post-procedure, so ensure you have someone to accompany you.
Cost and Location Considerations
1. Upper GI Endoscopy Cost: Medical procedures can be expensive, so it’s essential to check with your insurance provider about coverage, especially considering the unique circumstances of pregnancy.
2. Finding a Clinic: When seeking an upper endoscopy near me or upper GI endoscopy near me, ensure that the clinic has experience with pregnant patients. Their expertise can make a difference in ensuring the procedure’s safety.
Conclusion:
Deciding to undergo an endoscopy while pregnant isn’t straightforward. It’s a decision made in tandem with medical professionals, weighing the potential benefits against the risks.
Remember the balancing act mentioned at the beginning? Every pregnancy is unique, and every decision, including undergoing medical procedures, requires careful consideration. If you or someone you know is faced with this decision, knowledge and consultation are your most trusted allies.
Created & SEO by U.I. Medical Marketing | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
ua1-labs/firebug
An expandable PHP debugger panel.
2.2.0 2020-02-03 20:05 UTC
This package is auto-updated.
Last update: 2020-06-03 20:54:56 UTC
README
An expandable PHP debug panel.
The true power of FireBug is that it can easily be added to any project and expanded upon! You can even create your own panels to track whatever data you care about while your going through debugging. FireBug comes featured with a Debuggers panel. Which allows you to call debugger() anywhere inside of your application. All debuggers will display the entire debug_trace along with var_dump within the "Debuggers" section of the FireBug Panel.
Documentation
https://ua1.us/projects/firebug/
Installation FireBug Using Composer
composer require ua1-labs/firebug
Enable FireBug
For performance reasons, firebug is initially disabled and needs enabled in order to use it. Here's how:
$fireBug = \UA1Labs\Fire\Bug::get();
$fireBug->enable();
FireBug Timer
Once FireBug is enabled, it will start a timer that will report how much time it takes to load your page and return your request. Keep in mind, that times are determined by when you enable FireBug.
Render FireBug
Once you've installed FireBug, it's time to output it somewhere in your HTML.
$fireBug = \UA1Labs\Fire\Bug::get();
echo $fireBug->render();
When rendering out FireBug, it is suggested that you place it the footer of your application.
Debugger Panel
As mentioned before, FireBug comes bundled with a "Debuggers" panel. This panel allows you to replace your use of var_dump and debug_trace. When FireBug is installed in your application, all you have to do is call the debugger(mixed $value); function and let FireBug do the work. This function can take any value and will simply var_dump and debug_trace it within the "Debuggers" panel of FireBug.
Example:
debugger('debug value...');
Debuggers also take a second parameter called exit. If you decide you need to exit the execution of any process and render the debug panel at that point in execution, you may do so by passing in true as a second parameter.
Example:
debugger('debug value...', true);
Debugger Panel and X-Debug Overlay
In this project, it was decided to disable x-debug overlay for var_dumps. This makes it easier to read the entire output of debuggers without having to scroll to much left and right. So, if you would like to enable it, here is the code you will want to run when you initize your application.
$fireBug = \UA1Labs\Fire\Bug::get();
$debuggerPanel = $fireBug->getPanel(\UA1Labs\Fire\Bug\Panel\Debugger::ID);
$debuggerPanel->enableXDebugOverlay();
Creating And Registering Your Own Panel
We've given you everything you need to easily create your own panel.
1. Create your own Panel Class:
namespace \UA1Labs\Fire\Bug\Panel;
use \UA1Labs\Fire\Bug\Panel;
class MyOwnPanel extends Panel
{
const ID = 'myOwnPanel';
const NAME = 'My Own Panel';
const TEMPLATE = '/path-to/my-own-panel.phtml';
public $myName;
public function __construct()
{
parent::__construct(self::ID, self::NAME, __DIR__ . self::TEMPLATE);
$this->myName = 'Testy Testerson';
}
public function myInfo()
{
return '1 Awesome Dude, Orlando, FL, 32708';
}
}
2. Create a panel template file:
<div class="my-own-panel">
<?php echo $this->myName; ?>
<?php echo $this->myInfo(); ?>
</div>
3. Register Your Panel
$fireBug = Fire\Bug::get();
$fireBug->addPanel(new \UA1Labs\Fire\Bug\Panel\MyOwnPanel());
Three easy steps and you just added your own panel to FireBug! Now with that being said, here is some info about how it works behind the scenes. Panels act as ViewModels. In the way that any data or methods you add to the panel object itself will also be available to the template object. In the example panel above you can see that the panel was created with a public property called myName and a method myInfo. In the template, you can see we are echoing out these values.
Timer
FireBug also comes bundled with a timer you may use to detect how much time a process takes. Here's how to use the timer:
$fireBug = Fire\Bug::get();
//get a start time
$startTime = $fireBug->timer();
//get time length in milliseconds
$timeLength = $fireBug->timer($startTime); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Richard A. Dawson
Richard A. Dawson (1848 - 1906) was a lawyer and state legislator in Arkansas. He was born in Virginia and his father was a minister. Dawson studied at Oberlin College, and received his law degree from the Old University of Chicago. Dawson practiced law in Pine Bluff, Arkansas and represented the area in the Arkansas General Assembly from 1873 to 1874 and from 1879 to 1881.
Political career
Dawson served alongside other African-American legislators in both houses of the Arkansas General Assembly in the post-Reconstruction era. Dawson represented the 20th district in the Arkansas Senate (Bradley, Grant, Lincoln, and Jefferson counties) alongside John M. Clayton in the 19th Arkansas General Assembly and the 1874 Extraordinary Arkansas General Assembly. Dawson was elected to represent the Jefferson County district in the Arkansas House of Representatives during the 22nd Arkansas General Assembly alongside J. A. Hudson & William C. Payne. A Republican, he switched to become a Democrat by 1900. | WIKI |
User:Kelmalc/sandbox
There were a lot of suggestions for this page and I think there is plenty of room for improvement. There's a section labeled "In Practice" and I think there are a lot of structural and substantive things that can be revised or added, such as linking more court cases. There are also examples of racial profiling that can be removed because they are inaccurate, and I think it would be a better idea to use examples with specific citations rather than theoretical examples. I might also consider adding more court case decisions to exemplify how this practice is enshrined in our laws.
Sources I'm considering:
Ross, Jeffrey Ian. Encyclopedia of Street Crime in America. Los Angeles: SAGE Reference, 2013. Print.
"Whren v. United States." Oyez. Accessed 15 Feb. 2017.
After reading the article several times and heavily considering the comments on the talk page, I have created several goals for my edits:
1) Work on the neutrality and balance of arguments in this article. Several users made it clear that this article could be construed as leaning in favor of racial profiling. I also noticed that some sections bounce back and forth between their tones in terms of support or condemnation for racial profiling, so I will try and create consistency in the language and syntax. 2) Making the article more readable. The organization to this article is very hard to follow. There are many things that could be deleted for inaccuracy and incorrectness and lack of a credible citation. There is also sections that could be merged. I noticed that many of the sections could be deleted and the information contained within could be dispersed in different sections throughout the article. 3) clarification of important terms e.g., difference between race and ethnicity. Also, correcting claims of "statistical significance" unless it is citing a specific study with the correct and corresponding p-value 4) adding more citations and information on constitutional vs. statutory issues 5) making this article more globally relevant and further elaborating on issues outside of the US. | WIKI |
CONTACT:
P: 201. 660.8270
F: 201.660.8271
info@corbehavioral.com
Mailing & Center Address
601 FlagHouse Drive | Hasbrouck Heights | NJ | 07604
Call us Toll Free
1.833.4CORABA
2010
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Why Should I Choose Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?
ABA therapy programs are comprehensive and cover a variety of areas the child needs to be successful. These areas include: improving language skills, learning new ways to manage behaviors, improving cognitive skills, improving social skills, improving self help/daily living skills and play/leisure skills.
Who Can Benefit From ABA?
Home and community based services are provided to families and and their children with Autism and other disabilities. Parent training and family implementation of behavior intervention is key to the success of home intervention. The COR Behavioral Group provides services to individuals of all ages.
What Does A Typical ABA Session Look Like?
ABA sessions look different across cases, as they are individualized based on your child's needs. ABA sessions include program implementation, recording data, graphing data. Programs, data sheets, and graphs are kept in a binder, which stays at your home. Any materials needed or used to implement your child's programs will also be left at your home. Reinforcement is given to your child if and when it is earned based on individual treatment and program protocol. This might look like having a snack, using an ipad, playing with a toy or activity in a separate room or area. A typical ABA therapy session may last anywhere from 90 minutes to four hours at a time. The amount of time sessions last is dependent on therapist and family availability for scheduling and available authorized hours. The last 15 minutes of session are dedicated to the therapist to review and graph the recorded data.
What Should I Expect From My BCBA?
During the initial visit, family members are interviewed regarding specific behaviors to address. Observation and indirect measures (i.e. behavioral questionnaires) will be used during that meeting or subsequent meetings. The BCBA is looking to determine the function of behaviors—in other words, why does someone do what they do? Once the initial evaluation is complete, an individualized treatment plan will be developed. The components of this plan will be created, instructed to the therapists and explained/demonstrated to the caregivers in a language and manner that makes sense to them. The BCBA will manage data tracking, interpretation, and presentation. Coordination of communication between other service providers, including but not limited to speech/language therapists, physical therapists, school teachers is also under the BCBA’s purview.
What Should I Expect From My ABA Therapist?
Effective ABA therapists consistently arrive to session on time, they are prepared and ready to implement programs and/or treatments, they show high interest and engagement with the child, they are mentally present during the entirety of the treatment session, and they are able to effectively and clearly communicate with the client, client's family, and the supervising BCBA.
How Do I Know if My ABA Therapist is Doing a Good Job?
Effective ABA therapists consistently arrive to session on time, they are prepared and ready to implement programs and/or treatments, they show high interest and engagement with the child, they are mentally present during the entirety of the treatment session, and they are able to effectively and clearly communicate with the client, client's family, and the supervising BCBA.
What behaviors Will Be Addressed In Therapy Sessions?
This is a list of the most common behaviors to be addressed during an ABA session: play and leisure skills, imitation skills, attending skills, functional communication skills, social communication deficits, adaptive living/self-help skills, compliance, personal safety, ADLs, reducing stereotypy, and community inclusion.
Where Will Sessions Take Place?
Services are provided in the home, school, or community settings. Services can also be provided at our Center, and will include individual, group, and fitness based programs.
What Should I Do If I Have Concerns About My Child's Therapy?
If you have questions or concerns about the ABA therapy being provided for your child, the supervising BCBA will be able to address any questions or concerns you have about what is being implemented. All programs and protocols are set forth by the BCBA, who has tailored the ABA therapy to your child's individual needs. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Multiple output multiple task model
I have a network which performs regression and classification simultaneously.
class Network(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, ...):
....
self.gru=nn.GRU(input, hidden size, ...)
self.classifier = nn.Linear(hidden size, 2)
self.regressor = nn.Linear(hidden size, 1)
def forward(self, input):
output, hidden = self.gru(input)
hidden = hidden.sum(dim=0)
op_reg = self.regressor(hidden)
op_class = self.classifier(hidden)
return op_reg, op_class
I am defining 2 loss functions, MSELoss for regression and CategoricalCrossEntropy loss for classification. When I back propagate, I perform the following steps:
regression_loss = MSELoss()
classification_loss = CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = Adam ......
op_reg, op_class = model(input)
loss_reg = regression_loss(op_reg.squeeze(-1), Y_regression)
loss_class = classification_loss(op_class, Y_class)
loss = loss_reg + loss_class
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
Since the scale of gradients in the cross entropy loss is going to be different from the scale of gradients from the MSE Loss, is it going to affect the training of the model, and if this is the correct way to train the model. Thanks
this looks correct. Your “model” is simply 2 models that shared a hidden layer. Your loss backpropagation should be fine.
You could use .register_hook on the model.gru parameters and check the gradient magnitude.
Both losses will accumulate the gradients in this layer, so you might need to reduce the learning rate for these parameters. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- Genesis Energy to Buy Stakes in Marathon Oil Gulf Pipelines
Genesis Energy LP (GEL) expanded its
position in the Gulf of Mexico , buying oil-pipeline stakes from
Marathon Oil Corp. (MRO) for $205.9 million today and planning a new
line with Enterprise Products Partners LP. (EPD) Genesis, based in Houston, will buy Marathon Oil’s
interests in pipelines connected to terminals in Louisiana
including Poseidon Oil Pipeline (0038755D) Co., the Odyssey Pipeline and
the Eugene Island Pipeline System, according to a statement
today. The pipelines will allow Genesis to provide more options to
oil producers and refiners, it said. Genesis will also build a Gulf of Mexico oil-gathering
pipeline with Enterprise Products Partners to serve the Lucius
development area in the deep-water Gulf, it said in a separate
statement today. Marathon Oil continues to look for opportunities to improve
its asset base after selling about $3.5 billion of exploration
and production holdings from 2006 to 2010, John Porretto, a
Marathon Oil spokesman, said in an e-mail today. “We continue the ongoing review of our global portfolio
with a goal of an additional $1.5 billion to $3 billion in
divestitures between mid-2011 and 2014,” Porretto said. Genesis rose 1.6 percent to $28.32 at the close in New
York . Marathon Oil climbed 0.2 percent to $31.03. To contact the reporter on this story:
Benjamin Haas in New York at
bhaas7@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Susan Warren at
susanwarren@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
diff mbox series
[-fixes,3/4] riscv: Fix DEBUG_VIRTUAL false warnings
Message ID 20220218133513.1762929-4-alexandre.ghiti@canonical.com (mailing list archive)
State New, archived
Headers show
Series Fixes KASAN and other along the way | expand
Commit Message
Alexandre Ghiti Feb. 18, 2022, 1:35 p.m. UTC
KERN_VIRT_SIZE used to encompass the kernel mapping before it was
redefined when moving the kasan mapping next to the kernel mapping to only
match the maximum amount of physical memory.
Then, kernel mapping addresses that go through __virt_to_phys are now
declared as wrong which is not true, one can use __virt_to_phys on such
addresses.
Fix this by redefining the condition that matches wrong addresses.
Fixes: f7ae02333d13 ("riscv: Move KASAN mapping next to the kernel mapping")
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexandre.ghiti@canonical.com>
---
arch/riscv/mm/physaddr.c | 4 +---
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff mbox series
Patch
diff --git a/arch/riscv/mm/physaddr.c b/arch/riscv/mm/physaddr.c
index e7fd0c253c7b..19cf25a74ee2 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/mm/physaddr.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/mm/physaddr.c
@@ -8,12 +8,10 @@
phys_addr_t __virt_to_phys(unsigned long x)
{
- phys_addr_t y = x - PAGE_OFFSET;
-
/*
* Boundary checking aginst the kernel linear mapping space.
*/
- WARN(y >= KERN_VIRT_SIZE,
+ WARN(!is_linear_mapping(x) && !is_kernel_mapping(x),
"virt_to_phys used for non-linear address: %pK (%pS)\n",
(void *)x, (void *)x); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Henry Howorth
Henry Howorth may refer to:
* Henry Howorth (barrister) (c.1746–1783), British King's Counsel and member of parliament for Abingdon
* Henry Howorth (New Zealand politician) (1834–1907), New Zealand solicitor and member of parliament
* Henry Hoyle Howorth (1842–1923), British barrister, member of parliament and historian | WIKI |
Page:True and False Infallibility of Popes.pdf/387
42 if it speaks of sentences proceeding from the Pope as guardian of the revealed deposit; nor is anything here defined by Pius IX. about the private conduct of Popes, historically considered. Take the contradictory, not the contrary of the condemned error.
The twenty-fourth error is at variance with the principles proved above.
The twenty-fifth, in the sense of its author, was intended to set down powers really spiritual as a gift to the Church from civil society.
The twenty-sixth falsely supposes that the ministers of the Church forfeit their natural rights as men, and are reduced to the state of outlaws.
The same principle is involved in the twenty-seventh error.
The twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth deny the Church to be a perfect and independent society.
The thirtieth is censured as an historical falsehood.
The thirty-first proposition is condemned because it denies to the Church the right inherent to every perfect society of passing judgment in its own courts.
The thirty-second denies the right of the Church, based on the law of nature, that its sacred ministers should be free from burdens incompatible with their calling.
The thirty-third needs no comment after what has been said in the second section.
The thirty-fourth is another historical falsehood. The doctrine of the Pope's spiritual supremacy is the same now as it was in the middle ages.
The thirty-fifth error is opposed to the Catholic doctrine that the authority of St. Peter's successor is | WIKI |
Growing Up (IU album)
Growing Up is the debut studio album by South Korean singer-songwriter IU. It was released on April 23, 2009, as a follow-up to her 2008 debut mini-album Lost and Found. Two of the album's 16 tracks, "Boo" and "You Know (있잖아) (Rock Ver.)", were released as singles.
Background
Growing Up consists of 16 tracks. The album's title track "Boo" is composed by Han Sang-won, who is best known for his melodies in songs "On days when I miss you" by Park Ji-hun of V.O.S., and "Don't go, don't go, don't go" by Wanted. "Boo" is about a "charming friend of the opposite gender"; the lyrics tell the story of a haughty girl who does not care for the men around her. She falls in love with a boy to whom she had never given much thought. The follow-up song from the album, "You Know (Rock Ver.)", is the rock version of IU's song "You Know", which was more popular than the original version. The song portrays a young girl as she candidly expresses her feelings to the person with whom she is infatuated.
Music videos
On May 16, 2011, the music videos for "Boo" and "You Know (있잖아) (Rock ver.)" were released through Loen Entertainment's official YouTube channel.
Promotion
On April 23, 2009, IU began her first week of promotions through KBS's Music Bank. IU chose "Hey (있잖아) (Rock version)" as her follow-up single and performed it on various music programs after promotions for "Boo" had finished. | WIKI |
Page:Who's who in China 3e.djvu/530
522 Sectional Chief of the Inspectorate General of the Military Forces; Chief of Administrative Department of the Suiyuan Special Area; Chief of Civil Administration Department of the Kuei-Sui Area; Chief of Judicial Department of the Kuei-Sui Area; Chief Secretary to the Tuchun of Kiangsi Province; Chief Justice of the Kiangsi Military Court; Advisor to the Cabinet; Member of the Commission for the Consolidation of Domestic and Foreign Loans; Superintendent of the Sino-Norwegian Bank; and Chief Justice of the Martial Court under the Ministry of War, which latter position he still holds. General Liu is a Major-General and he has received the Second Class Tashou Chiaho and the Second Class Wenfu. | WIKI |
Allan and Stark Building
The Allan and Stark Building is a heritage-listed row of contiguous but not identical retail buildings located at 110 Queen Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The architect was Andrea Stombuco. It was also known as Myer Store. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.
The individual buildings were constructed on various dates, but the earliest was in 1881. The drapery business operated by James Allan and Robert Stark first operated from part of the site in 1899 in leased premises. Up until 1964 the business gradually expanded into neighbouring buildings which were variously leased or purchased creating the row of buildings. Allan and Stark continued to operate from these amalgamated premises until 1970, when the buildings were sold to the retailer Myer. Myer operated its department store from the site until 1988.
The southernmost building of the row of buildings of Allan and Stark (the leftmost as seen from Queen Street) is visually quite different. It was formerly the Manwaring Building, the second of a row of 4 identical buildings built in 1888. The first building of that row (never part of the Allan and Stark building) is the former Palings Building which still survives adjacent to the Allan and Stark building. The third and fourth buildings of that row were demolished at some earlier time but their sites are now part of the Allan and Stark Building.
History
The former Myer Store consists of a series of buildings which were erected between 1881 and the early 1920s. A government decision to demolish the convict barracks which covered a large portion of this site, and to dispose of the Crown land, prompted the commercial redevelopment of the northern side of Queen Street bounded by Albert Street and the Brisbane Town Hall.
James Allan and Robert Stark began their drapery business in South Brisbane in 1882. Following severe flooding in 1893, Allan and Stark decided to move to the north side of the river. Leasing part of these Queen Street sites from 1899, the company gradually acquired the individual properties over a period of 65 years.
The building on allotment 8, designed by Andrea Stombuco, was erected in 1881 for solicitors Browne and Ruthning, and acquired by Allan and Stark in 1914. In 1918 two additional floors were built, corresponding to the adjacent property on allotment 8A.
The building on allotment 8A was erected in 1881 for A R Jones and occupied by a millinery and dressmaking firm and a photographic studio. It was purchased by Allan and Stark in April 1911 and two more floors were added in the same year.
Allotment 7 was developed in 1918 as part of the redevelopment of allotment 8.
Allotment 9 was purchased by Thomas Illidge in 1881 on which was built a two storey building. Allan and Stark began leasing this property in 1899, and in the late 1900s a third storey was added. Allan and Stark finally purchased the building in 1925.
In 1881-82 a three storeyed brick building, designed by Richard Gailey was erected on allotments 9,10,10A and 11 for Charles Lumley Hill and William Young. The building was initially leased to John and James Hislop, cabinet makers and upholsterers, and Watson, Ferguson and Co, stationers and lithographers. The floors of these buildings were supported by wrought iron girders allowing wider, open spaces for the tenancies. Allan and Stark acquired allotments 9A and 10 in August 1901. Allan and Stark leased the section of the building on allotments 10A and 1 from 1932 until 1952 when they purchased the property.
The southern end of the complex was acquired by Allan and Stark in 1965. This property was built in 1885 and designed by Richard Gailey. A three storeyed brick building, it comprised four common bays across the main facade, each representing individual tenancies for the building. An additional storey with pediment was erected between 1918 and 1923. Allan and Stark acquired the northern half of the building, and of the other two bays, one has been demolished and the other is Palings Building.
In 1970 Myer Queensland Stores Ltd purchased the Allan and Stark properties, and continued to use the complex as a department store. In 1988 the complex was vacated when the store moved to the Myer Centre directly opposite in the Queen Street Mall.
Description
The former Myer Store, located in central Queen Street, comprises a series of contiguous three and four storeyed brick buildings. Despite being originally separate buildings, the rendered facade is given unity and coherence by the repetition of Classical details.
The main section of the facade features, on the upper levels, bays of arched openings separated by simple pilasters. On the second level the arches are supported by columns with rosette capitals, and on the third level the arches are supported by pilasters with Corinthian capitals. The string course and the cornice form unifying lines across the facade, although the number of arches for each bay and the spacing between them varies. Two bays of the building rise to a fourth storey with plain rectangular openings. The parapet, formerly with a balustrade and pedestals supporting vases, is now solid. A cantilevered street awning runs the length of the complex.
The southern bay differs from the rest of the facade with its finer and more decorative treatment. The openings on the second level are rectangular and separated by fluted pilasters, while on the third level the openings are arched and separated by Corinthian pilasters. There are ornamental keystones above the arches and the central keystones bear the initials "M" and "P" respectively for Manwaring and Paling, the original building owners. A prominent cornice with a course of large dentils runs across this section.
Internally, the building has been substantially altered. The original fabric is visible in some areas, including roof trusses and timber joists separated by herring-bone strutting. Ceilings of a variety of types of pressed metal and plaster remain visible in parts of the building.
Heritage listing
The Allan and Stark Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 1992 when the occupier was the Myer store. Despite being part of the Allan and Stark Building, the Manwaring Building was also separately listed on the same register in 1992 when the current occupier was the Miss Brisbane store (a part of Myer department store for young women's clothing). Meanwhile, the Manwaring Building's "identical twin", the neighbouring Palings Building, is the subject of yet another heritage listing.
The Allan and Stark Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
The building provides evidence of the 1880s development of Queen Street initiated by the disposal of the former convict barracks.
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.
The building is significant for its contribution, in scale, form, and style, to the Queen Street streetscape which comprises a group of nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings and facades.
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.
The building is significant for its association with the firm Allan and Stark. | WIKI |
Talk:Colias hyale
"Small" is an unhelpful term – there are plenty of smaller butterflies
I have nothing in my guide books on the size. Can you help? If you can't I'd suggest putting back the "small" so at least there is a certain size reference point.Viren (talk) 03:17, 26 October 2014 (UTC)
* Hi Viren, it's not an easy question! First, the Lepidoptera vary in wingspan over 2 orders of magnitude, from 3mm or less in some leaf miners to 280mm for the largest birdwings. The smallest butterflies are 12mm in span. I'd prefer to describe the size explicitly (as I did in the Euplagia quadripunctaria article) without commenting on it.
* So, how to proceed? If we could agree on Wikipedia what constituted a "very small", "small", "medium", "large" or "very large" lepidopteran, then perhaps we could apply our categories across the board. Even so, we might find that some people (e.g. in Britain, where the extremes of size range less widely) object to calling a particular species "medium-sized", if it happens to be the largest in the BI. And would we need a different scale for the butterflies and the moths? (The small blue for example is the smallest British butterfly, but is a pretty average size for a moth.)
* However, this is a debate for the Lepidoptera Project as a whole, not for one species ... hence my comment. Perhaps we should include a 'standardised' size measurement (the moth guides seem to agree on forewing length) for every lepidopteran article? --Wally Tharg (talk) 09:01, 26 October 2014 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified one external link on Colias hyale. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://archive.is/20130701003239/http://globis.insects-online.de/species&s=7806 to http://globis.insects-online.de/species%26s%3D7806
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 12:47, 10 August 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
N-Methylmescaline
N-Methylmescaline is a phenethylamine isolated from Lophophora williamsii.
United States
N-Methylmescaline is illegal in the United States as it is a positional-isomer of Trimethoxyamphetamine, a regulated substance. | WIKI |
GBA emulator(Need help!)
Discussion in 'Android Apps & Games' started by Roiyaru, Dec 1, 2010.
1. Roiyaru
Roiyaru Member
5
Dec 1, 2010
7
0
5
I've read over alot of forums and tried alot of things, none of which have worked yet. I downloaded an App called Astro and was told to extract the roms or whatever out of that to unzip them, but even after that my phone keeps telling me I need the specify my Bios file. I have no clue how to do that either.
So again I turned to the internet and found a few ways to do this, none of which have worked yet. So I started looking for the GBA_Bio.zip or whatever it was that I needed, when I found it didn't do much. I kept getting an error saying "The format of 'C:\Users\Christan\AppData\Local\Temp\Temp1_gba_bios.zip\gba_bios.bin' cannot be detected. Have a look at the log for details."
Which again I have no clue what this means. D: all I want is to get my stupid GBA emulator running so I can play games. D: someone help!
Advertisement
2. sitlet
213
Apr 11, 2010
5,867
633
213
Do a search on Google for Gameboy bios. You will have to do some digging, but you will find it eventually. We can't post a link to it here as the file is illegal.
3. hogofddyn_
hogofddyn_ Well-Known Member
16
Jul 27, 2010
49
2
16
Graphic Illustrator
Cardiff, Wales
-Click on the Rom Gripper icon at the top of the screen (crab icon)
-Download the rom gripper application
-Scroll down the rom list to find GBA_BIOS or something similar and click on it
-Click the download button on the following screen and wait for the download to complete
-Press back a couple of times to exit back to gameboid
-Press Menu, then settings
-Go to the GBA Bios option
-Point it at the file you just downloaded
Pretty simple and a good process to understand as a lot of emulators omit the bios rom for copyright reasons.
Share This Page
Loading... | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:MikeCalder
Mike Calder.
Retired. Cornwall, England.
Artist and Photographer. Interested in maps of all kinds. | WIKI |
Lais Ribeiro
Laís Ribeiro (born Laís Pereira de Oliveira; 5 October 1989) is a Brazilian model known for her work as a Victoria's Secret Angel.
Career
Prior to becoming a model, Ribeiro was in training to become a nurse.
She has walked for Dolce & Gabbana, Givenchy, and Gucci, among many others. Ribeiro has featured in editorials for various international versions of Elle, Harper's Bazaar, and Vogue, as well as featuring in GQ, Maxim, and the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue.
She also works for Victoria's Secret and has appeared in several of their fashion shows, adverts, and catalogues. In 2015, Ribeiro, was named as one of their Angels and in 2017, was chosen to wear their Fantasy Bra—the $2,000,000 Champagne Nights bra designed by Mouawad, featuring: handset diamonds, yellow sapphires, and blue topaz in 18 karat gold—during their fashion show.
Personal life
In May 2008, Ribeiro gave birth to her son, and in 2013, he received an autism diagnosis.
In 2014, she began dating American basketball player Jared Homan. They have since broken up, and in September 2018, she began dating NBA player Joakim Noah. A year later they became engaged. On 13 July 2022, Ribeiro and Noah were married in Trancoso in her native country Brazil. | WIKI |
Talk:Eagle Sandstone
merge same subject articles
The article Eagle Sandstone also covers this topic and this article should be merged that article. The Eagle Formation, named in in 1899, was renamed Eagle Sandstone in wherein the same subunits are discussed. Trilotat (talk) 15:42, 6 October 2019 (UTC)
* ✅ Klbrain (talk) 19:29, 7 September 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 78.djvu/925
78 STAT.]
PUBLIC LAW 88-575-SEPT. 2, 1964
(1) The first section is amended by striking all after the first sentence and inserting in lieu thereof the following salary schedules: "Salary class and position Class 1 Superintendent. Class 2.... Deputy superintendent. Class 3... Assistant superintendent. President, teachers college. Class 4 Director, curriculum. Dean, teachers college. Class 5: Group A, bachelor's degree Group B, master's degree Group C, master's degree plus 30 credit hours Chief examiner. Director, food services. Director, industrial and adult education. Executive assistant to superintendent. Psychiatrist. Class 6: Group B, master's degree Group C, master's degree plus 30 credit hours Assistant to assistant superintendent (elementary schools). Assistant to assistant superi n t e n d e n t (junior and senior high schools). Principal, senior high school. Principal, junior high school. Principal, elementary school. Principal, vocational high school. Principal, Americanization school. Principal, boys'junior-senior high school. Principal, Capitol Page School. Principal, health school. Principal, laboratory school. Principal, veterans high school. Assistant to assistant superi n t e n d e n t (general research, budget, and legislation). Assistant to assistant superintendent (pupil appraisal, study, and attendance). Director, elementary education (supervision and instruction). Director, health, physical education, athletics, and safety. Executive assistant to deputy superintendent. Class 7: Group B, master's degree Group C, master's degree plus 30 credit hours Director, elementary education (administration). Director in elementary education. Director, special education. Class 8: Group B, master's degree Group C, master's degree plus 30 credit hours Dean of students, teachers college. Director, school attendance. Professor, teachers college. Registrar, teachers college. Supervising director, adult education and summer school. Supervising director, athletics. Supervising director, curricalum.
Service Service Service Service Service Service Service Service Service step 1 step 2 steps Step 4 step 5 step 6 step 7 steps ftepO $26,000 22,000 15,200 $15,485 $15,770 $16,055 $16,340 $16,625 $16,910 $17,195 $17,480 13,450 13,735 14,020 14.305 14,690 14,876 15,160 15,445 15,730 11,800 12,065 12,330 12, 595 12,860 13,125 13,390 13,665 13,920 12,300 12,565 12,830 13.095 13,360 13,625 13,890 14,155 14,420 12,600 12,765 13,030 13,295 13,560 13,825 14,090 14,365 14,620
11,865 12,130 12,395 12,660 12,925 13,190 13,455 13,720 13,986 12,065 12,330 12,595 12,860 13,125 13,390 13,656 13,920 14,186
io,ggo 11,255 11,620 11,785 12,050 12,316 12,580 12,845 13,110 11,190 11,465 11,720 11,985 12,250 12,516 12,780 13,046 13,310
10,565 10,820 11,085 11,360 11,615 11,880 12,146 12,410 12,676 10,766 11,020 11,286 11,660 11,816 12,080 12,346 12,610 12,876
883
� | WIKI |
In February we announced our support of GitHub as a repository storage system for any algorithm on Algorithmia. This is big news and it unlocks a lot of potential for developers. In this post, we’ll show you how integrating with GitHub can enable new workflows and automation systems that can magnify the efforts of your data science/machine learning teams, and provide an example of how you can use GitHub Actions in conjunction with Algorithmia.
What is continuous integration?
In the event that you haven’t used continuous integration systems in the past, let’s do a quick run through of what it is and how it can be useful.Development can be really difficult, especially when working with complex systems that require multiple applications. Bugs always seem to find their way into critical sections if you aren’t careful. Continuous integration, at a high level, creates a process where modifications can be made to your code in smaller, easily tested portions. This allows your production environment to contain fewer bugs at any time and an overall more efficient output.Algorithmia’s CI for machine learning means you can define end-to-end tests in your TEST_CASES.json file and restrict algorithm publishing to just the automated deployment tool. You can ensure that any new version of your algorithm that reaches production must have passed at least the tests you’ve set up before doing so. This can be a really powerful function, as it means you can be more confident when bringing on engineers from different teams who might have less experience with your source code than you do, and build faster without sacrificing safety and reliability.
Hello world with Algorithmia CI—a procedure
Let’s take a quick look at how you can implement Algorithmia CI into your algorithm today!A full working example can be found here: https://github.com/algorithmiaio/algorithmia_ci1. Start by using our GitHub CI workflow to create a new algorithm using the Algorithmia wizard. Make sure to select GitHub as the repository host:
2. After your algorithm is created, there are two files you will want to copy into your algorithm’s repository. The easiest way to do this is to git clone your algorithm to your local machine.
3. Create the following directory structure in your algorithm repo at the root level: .github/workflows and then create a main.yml in the workflows directory. Copy the following into the file:
This is an example using the Algorithmia CI actionname: CI# Controls when the action will run. Triggers the workflow on push or pull request
# In this instance we're triggering this workflow whenever a push to master is performed.
on:
push:
branches: [master]jobs:
# This workflow only contains a single job, however if you'd like you can split this processing across multiple jobs.
algorithmia-ci:
runs-on: ubuntu-lateststeps:
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v2.0.0
with:
ref: ${{github.sha}}
path: algorithm
- name: Algorithmia CI
uses: algorithmiaio/algorithmia-ci-action@v1.0
with:
# Your master Algorithmia API key
api_key: ${{ secrets.api_key }}
# The API address for the Algorithmia Cluster you wish to connect to
api_address: https://api.algorithmia.com
# identifier to describe how to promote this release ('major', 'minor', 'revision')
version_schema: revision
# the path variable you defined in the actions/checkout action triggered before this one.
path: algorithm
4. Next we need to create a TEST_CASES.json file at the root level of your algorithm repository (if you can see the algorithmia.conf file, that means you’re there!), then you can copy the following into the file:
[
{
"case_name": "hello world",
"input": "world",
"expected_output": "hello world"
}
]
5. Commit these changes and push your commit to your algorithm repo. If you check the actions tab of your GitHub repository page, you can see that a job has started:
Note that this job will fail and that’s normal! We aren’t finished yet.
6. We need to add your Algorithmia API Key to your GitHub repository as a secret. This API key must have full algorithm access, which your default key might not have. Let’s create a new API key and make sure your settings are the same as those shown below:
7. Once you have that API key, go back to your GitHub repo and click the settings button. Then navigate to secrets and add a new secret called api_key as shown below:
And with that, you should be all set! The next time you push any kind of commit to your algorithm, it should now trigger a GitHub Action job you’ll be able to walk though and see the final result. If all goes well, your algorithm will be published on Algorithmia with a new version, based on the version_schema you define in the main.yml file.
Security and access
Algorithmia has a robust access and permissions management system to ensure that your algorithms and data are safe and secure. However, what about deployment access? With GitHub Enterprise support, you can now leverage GitHub’s access control systems to restrict merge access, commit access, and PR acceptance criteria to certain individuals within your organization, ensuring accountability and sufficient oversight for mission-critical applications.
Give it a try and see what you can build with Algorithmia CI and GitHub enterprise. Let us know what you think, and if you run into any problems or have suggestions on how to improve the workflow, please feel free to file an issue against either of these GitHub repositories mentioned herein: https://github.com/algorithmiaio/algorithmia_ci https://github.com/algorithmiaio/algorithmia-ci-action.
James Sutton | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Intelligent CISO Issue 49 - Page 64
BUSINESS SURVEILLANCE
transforming their ability to identify and respond to threats . They can provide the building blocks for automated detection and response capabilities that can identify and even predict when and where attacks might be happening , removing the need for security teams to scramble in attempts to get eyeballs on everything and put out multiple flames at once .
Indeed , detection simply isn ’ t enough anymore – it can still leave cybersecurity professionals struggling to look at every individual threat . Rather , a more intelligent approach is needed and these technologies are vital to achieving that .
A quantum leap in cybersecurity
Those that do implement automated detection and response effectively stand to benefit in numerous ways .
Without the need for human intervention , the time to react to threats can be dramatically reduced , preventing the potential success of attacks . Indeed , it could be the difference between success and failure , helping to prevent potentially catastrophic financial losses induced by ransomware demands , downtime and other adverse impacts .
Equally , the use of AI and Machine Learning can help to streamline security operations by shining a light on what processes are effective versus those which offer little to no real value .
64 www . intelligentciso . com | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Foggerty.djvu/214
210 artificial flowers in her bosom, and wearing black mittens on her hands, then stepped nervously on the platform, and began to sing, in a weak faltering voice, a few verses of an Italian song, the purport of which did not reach us at our end of the room. She was suffering from extreme nervousness, and broke down twice or three times in the song she was endeavouring to sing.
I don't think I ever witnessed a more melancholy spectacle. The poor lady was received with an ironical cheer, which, in her innocence, she accepted as a compliment, and every verse was hailed with derisive shouts, which even she was unable to mistake; so uttering an apology to the conductor who appeared to be remonstrating with her in no measured terms, she left the stage amid a whirl of hooting and cat-calls, which did not cease until a Favourite Delineator of Negro Peculiarities appeared, when it changed to a shout of applause.
"Maxwell," said I, "don't you know that poor woman's face?"
"No; I didn't notice her, poor creature."
"It's Mrs. Talboys," said I. "Impossible!"
"But it is. I'm nearly sure of it. Here, waiter, who was the last singer?"
"What, her as made a mess on it?"
"Yes."
"Bernardini—Madame Bernardini. It's her first night—she's on trial for an engagement. And," he added, "I expect it's her last." | WIKI |
Our Products: CompleteFTP edtFTPnet/Free edtFTPnet/PRO edtFTPj/Free edtFTPj/PRO
0 votes
51 views
asked in General by (220 points)
Following on from here: Can I host or wrap the HTTP application for CompleteFTP elsewhere?
I have 2 issues:
1) To access the index.jss page at the CompleteFTP HTTP server, a redirect is invoked back to /Login
This means my application is making the requests but as there is currently no logged in user the 'original' login page is being used.
I have noted that when using the CompleteFTP HTTP server directly, both the 'original' login and the one from the angular filemanager have to be completed.
2) By establishing a session directly and logging in, I can bypass the problem above for (1) and the index.jss calls begin to work:
for example the first response looks like:
{
"id": 0,
"result": {
"serverName": "Server 1",
"siteName": "Default Site",
"welcomeMessage": "Complete FTP server",
"userName": "Test",
"homeFolder": "/Home/Test",
"sharingEnabled": true
}
}
...making a new folder results in an index.jss call that responds with:
{
"id": 0,
"result": {
"canWrite": true,
"canRemove": true,
"canRename": true,
"files": [
{
"name": "NewFolder",
"rights": "drwxr-xr-x",
"size": 0,
"date": "Tue, 04 Dec 2018 09:58:32 UTC",
"type": "dir"
},
{
"name": "NewTest",
"rights": "drwxr-xr-x",
"size": 0,
"date": "Tue, 04 Dec 2018 11:19:41 UTC",
"type": "dir"
}
]
}
}
...all this looks great!
The 'rest' of the app that I am trying to host 'locally' (at the moment, just the clone of the completeftp-filemanager repo with url rewrite/reverse proxy to send index.jss to the CompleteFTP server) throws javascript errors and displays nothing:
TypeError: Object doesn't support property or method 'map'
at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8080/dist/angular-filemanager.min.js:3:12523)
at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8080/bower_components/angular/angular.min.js:136:450)
at m.prototype.$digest (http://localhost:8080/bower_components/angular/angular.min.js:147:403)
at m.prototype.$apply (http://localhost:8080/bower_components/angular/angular.min.js:151:111)
at l (http://localhost:8080/bower_components/angular/angular.min.js:103:84)
at s (http://localhost:8080/bower_components/angular/angular.min.js:108:107)
at y.onload (http://localhost:8080/bower_components/angular/angular.min.js:109:23) Possibly unhandled rejection: {}
1 Answer
+1 vote
answered by (44.2k points)
We'd forgotten to push the final changes for CompleteFTP 12.0.0 to Github, but have done so just now. Can you please pull them and then try again?
commented by (220 points)
That did the trick thanks. If I had a penny every time I did that....
Categories
... | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
As compared to the women’s clothing, male dressing style did not undergo any radical change. Men wore Stovepipe pants during the initial years of the century. Men’s costumes were expected to be formal, sober and elegant during the work hours and otherwise.
The basic feature of the Victorian male clothing was clean and basic lines, use of dark color and a detailed work of the costume. Men also wore corsets and with time, cinching of waist was replaced by easy breathing loose jackets.
During the Victorian era, male clothing included coats, vests and hats except when they were doing hard labour jobs. Any costume less then this was considered unsuitable. It was essential for a man to have a waistcoat or vest. These vests could be bright colours or dark shades and were used as an accessory to change the tone of the suit.
Hats were considered as an integral part of the men’s clothes. There were a variety of hats to suit different occasions. Even men wore an accessory that suited their clothes. Men wore ties, pocket watches and a walking stick and adding to the outfit were gloves.
It can be observed that during the Victorian reign, men found having facial hair of all sizes as a style statement. Grooming of facial hair was a trait of Victorian men. The period prior to the Victorian era is called the Regency period where it was a fashion among men to have a clean-shaven face. However, the Victorian men believed in the exact opposite of it.
Men’s trousers initially had legs covering in tight-fitting cloth but, the fashion gradually changed to a loose tubular style. Straight slacks, with a crease in front & back, were commonly seen by the end of the century.
There was also a variation in the Day coats worn by men. These coats had changed into long frock coats, mostly in black colour. Waistcoats or vests made from wool were commonly used for day wear or as office wear.
The 16th century witnessed the invention of lace which was used for men’s costume. The male clothing in the early years of the Victorian era was a bit subtle but kind of colourful. For evening occasions they generally chose to wear colours like brown, dark green, blue, violet and black. The use of Braid trimming with customary lace began in 1850s. The major change brought about in the clothing style was by Games and Cycling.
More information on Victorian clothing: Victorian Children’s Costumes, Victorian Era Men’s Fashion, Victorian Era Wedding Dresses, Victorian Era Women’s and Men’s Jackets, Victorian Era Women’s Fashion and know more about bathing costumes. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Site icon NurseConvo
Understanding Conversion Disorder to better inform your patient sensitively
Conversion Disorder has had a name recently with the update of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) – Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (FNSD).
The prevalence of FNSD is estimated to have a 1-3% occurrence rate in general population. In neurological outpatient clinics, the incident is thought to be as high as 25-30%.
“medically unexplained, neurological symptoms that are believed to develop
unintentionally in reaction to psychological and environmental factors
such as trauma or daily stressors.”
In previous years FNSD aetiology was believed to be anxiety/stress related. Sigmund Freud a 19th Century Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis theorised that anxiety is “converted” into physical symptoms.
More recent work in this area now suggests it has many interrelated and complex variables with or without an anxiolytic or stressful preceding event which makes treatment less than simple or a “one size fits all” scenario.
Diagnosing FNSD
Diagnosis of FNSD is considered clinically when all diagnostic testing is not compatible with presenting signs and symptoms. Misdiagnosis does occur although is less likely today due to significant advancements in diagnostics and research.
The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for FNSD (conversion disorder) are as follows:
• One or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function.
• Clinical findings provide evidence of incompatibility between the symptom and recognised neurological or medical conditions.
• The symptom or deficit is not better explained by another medical or mental disorder.
• The symptom or deficit causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning or warrants medical evaluation.
PNSD is more prevalent in women than men, rarely found in children or the elderly and has an increased rate in people aged the mid to late 30s. Patient populations considered more at risk are those with a personality disorder or dissociative identity disorder.
Hoover’s sign is a test available to clinicians when assessing limb weakness which with a positive result “simply suggests that the majority of the weakness you are observing is not due to disease”.
Breaking the news
”The doctor just told me my stroke is all in my head”.
”I can’t move my bloody arm”.
“I’m not making it up”.
“I’m not crazy”.
A diagnosis of FNSD can elicit strong emotional reactions from the patient and family if not handled sensitively. Mental health illness still has a stigma very much attached. Commonly families and staff don’t know what to say or how to care for the patient which can isolate the patient more with feelings of stigmatisation.
Use of a standardised non-judgmental script and having confidence in responding to emotive and challenging questions “you don’t believe me?” is necessary for the diagnosis disclosure.
The information provided is just as important as the delivery in explaining the diagnosis to your patient. While the initial conversation is not necessarily a nurses role, the ongoing reinforcement and provision of information related to the diagnosis certainly are.
Communicating that PNSD is a significant health condition requiring a whole of team effort for the condition to improve and symptoms resolve and as per below:
• the emphasis that symptoms are genuine and potentially reversible;
• explanation of the positive nature of the diagnosis (i.e., not a diagnosis of exclusion);
• simple advice about distraction techniques, self-help techniques and sources of information;
• referral on to appropriate physiotherapy and psychological services; and
• offering an outpatient review
Treatment options available
Clinical Take Home Message
• FNSD is a significant health condition requiring a multidisciplinary treatment plan based on a motor learning and behavioural approach.
• FNSD has many interrelated and complex variables with or without an anxiolytic or stressful preceding event.
• Motor learning program with a behavioural approach which is individualised within a multidisciplinary team environment is most effective.
• Sensitivity is required when disclosing diagnosis and with ongoing communication due to stigma and spoken or unspoken sense of not being believed.
• Treatment options available include individualised motor learning and behavioural approach programs, anti-depressants, anxiolytics, education, and suggestive therapy.
Reference:
Carson A, Lehn A, Ludwig L, Stone J, 2016 Explaining functional disorders
in the neurology clinic: a photo story Pract Neurol;16:56–61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ practneurol-2015-001241
Boeckle M, Liegl F, Jank R, Pieh C 2016 Neural correlates of conversion
disorder: overview and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on motor
conversion disorder BMC Psychiatry,16:195 DOI 10.1186/s12888-016-0890-x
Exit mobile version | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Template talk:Cite web/lua
Bug report
Not sure where to go with bugs yet, so I reported one here: —[ Alan M 1 (talk) ]— 19:24, 19 February 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Mike Stevenson
Michael Hamilton Stevenson (13 June 1927 – 19 September 1994) was a schoolmaster, journalist and cricketer who played for Cambridge University, Derbyshire, Ireland and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) between 1949 and 1969.
Stevenson was born at Chinley, Derbyshire and educated at Rydal School, Colwyn Bay, North Wales, where he was cricket captain in his last year. He played various matches for Derbyshire in 1945 and 1946 and for Staffordshire in 1947 and Derbyshire 2nd XI in 1948. He went to Cambridge University in 1948 and was given a blue in his first season 1949. He played regularly for the university for four years appearing in the Varsity match each year. In 1950 against Leicestershire Stevenson made 109 in a third wicket stand with Peter May of 233. In 1952 against Surrey he made 111 in two and a half hours with two 6s and twelve 4s, and against Worcestershire he hit four 6s and six 4s to reach 53 within the hour. In 1950 and 1952 he played occasional games for Derbyshire – three in 1950 and one in 1952. He also played for Ireland in 1952 and 1956 on the basis of residential qualification after his parents retired there. He played for Leinster and Clontarf over three seasons. He also started playing for MCC in 1956, played for Derbyshire Juniors in 1958 and various matches for Ireland until 1964 and MCC until 1969.
He was a right-hand batsman who played 106 innings in 66 first-class matches with an average of 24.91 and a top score of 122. He was a slow left-arm orthodox bowler who took 50 first-class wickets at an average of 37.64 with a best performance of 5 for 36.
Stevenson taught at three public schools. At Pocklington School he ran the cricket and founded the Pocklington Pixies club which reached the final of the national club championship in their first year. He gave up teaching for a while and took up journalism and writing on North of England, cricket and rugby. He wrote two books, "A History of Yorkshire Cricket" and a biography of Ray Illingworth. After ten years he returned to Rydal to teach English and run the cricket.
Stevenson died at Colwyn Bay shortly after retiring at the age of 67. | WIKI |
Honeyford
Honeyford is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Honeyford, Northern Irish politician
* Jim Honeyford (born 1939), American politician
* Paul Honeyford (born 1958), English biographer
* Ray Honeyford (1934–2012), British headmaster | WIKI |
TEAD3
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
TEAD3
Protein TEAD3 PDB 2hzd.png
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesTEAD3, DTEF-1, ETFR-1, TEAD-3, TEAD5, TEF-5, TEF5, TEA domain transcription factor 3
External IDsOMIM: 603170 MGI: 109241 HomoloGene: 81821 GeneCards: TEAD3
Gene location (Human)
Chromosome 6 (human)
Chr.Chromosome 6 (human)[1]
Chromosome 6 (human)
Genomic location for TEAD3
Genomic location for TEAD3
Band6p21.31Start35,473,597 bp[1]
End35,497,079 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern
PBB GE TEAD3 209454 s at fs.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)
NM_003214
NM_001098226
NM_001204156
NM_011566
RefSeq (protein)
NP_003205
NP_001091696
NP_001191085
NP_035696
Location (UCSC)Chr 6: 35.47 – 35.5 MbChr 17: 28.33 – 28.35 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse
Transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TEAD3 gene.[5][6][7]
Function[edit]
This gene product is a member of the transcriptional enhancer factor (TEF) family of transcription factors, which contain the TEA/ATTS DNA-binding domain.[8] Members of the family in mammals are TEAD1, TEAD2, TEAD3, TEAD4. TEAD3 is predominantly expressed in the placenta and is involved in the transactivation of the chorionic somatomammotropin-B gene enhancer. It is expressed in nervous system and muscle in fish embryos.[9] Translation of this protein is initiated at a non-AUG (AUA) start codon.[7]
References[edit]
1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000007866 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000002249 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. ^ Jacquemin P, Depetris D, Mattei MG, Martial JA, Davidson I (Jan 1999). "Localization of human transcription factor TEF-4 and TEF-5 (TEAD2, TEAD3) genes to chromosomes 19q13.3 and 6p21.2 using fluorescence in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid analysis". Genomics. 55 (1): 127–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5628. PMID 9889009.
6. ^ Jacquemin P, Martial JA, Davidson I (May 1997). "Human TEF-5 is preferentially expressed in placenta and binds to multiple functional elements of the human chorionic somatomammotropin-B gene enhancer". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (20): 12928–37. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.20.12928. PMID 9148898.
7. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: TEAD3 TEA domain family member 3".
8. ^ Bürglin, TR (Jul 1991). "The TEA domain: a novel, highly conserved DNA-binding motif". Cell. 66 (1): 11–12. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90132-I. PMID 2070413.
9. ^ Mann CJ, Osborn DP, Hughes SM (Oct 2007). "Vestigial-like-2b (VITO-1b) and Tead-3a (Tef-5a) expression in zebrafish skeletal muscle, brain and notochord". Gene Expression Patterns. 7 (8): 827–36. doi:10.1016/j.modgep.2007.08.001. PMC 3360971. PMID 17916448.
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit] | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
File(s) stored somewhere else
Please note: Linked content is NOT stored on Carnegie Mellon University and we can't guarantee its availability, quality, security or accept any liability.
Effector-induced structural fluctuation regulates the ligand affinity of an allosteric protein: binding of inositol hexaphosphate has distinct dynamic consequences for the T and R states of hemoglobin.
journal contribution
posted on 29.04.2008, 00:00 authored by Xiang-jin Song, Virgil SimplaceanuVirgil Simplaceanu, Nancy T. Ho, Chien HoChien Ho
The present study reports distinct dynamic consequences for the T- and R-states of human normal adult hemoglobin (Hb A) due to the binding of a heterotropic allosteric effector, inositol hexaphosphate (IHP). A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique based on modified transverse relaxation optimized spectroscopy (TROSY) has been used to investigate the effect of conformational exchange of Hb A in both deoxy and CO forms, in the absence and presence of IHP, at 14.1 and 21.1 T, and at 37 degrees C. Our results show that the majority of the polypeptide backbone amino acid residues of deoxy- and carbonmonoxy-forms of Hb A in the absence of IHP is not mobile on the micros-ms time scale, with the exception of several amino acid residues, that is, beta109Val and beta132Lys in deoxy-Hb A, and alpha40Lys in HbCO A. The mobility of alpha40Lys in HbCO A can be explained by the crystallographic data showing that the H-bond between alpha40Lys and beta146His in deoxy-Hb A is absent in HbCO A. However, the conformational exchange of beta109Val, which is located in the intradimer (alpha 1beta 1 or alpha 2beta 2) interface, is not consistent with the crystallographic observations that show rigid packing at this site. IHP binding appears to rigidify alpha40Lys in HbCO A, but does not significantly affect the flexibility of beta109Val in deoxy-Hb A. In the presence of IHP, several amino acid residues, especially those at the interdimer (alpha 1beta 2 or alpha 2beta 1) interface of HbCO A, exhibit significant conformational exchange. The affected residues include the proximal beta92His in the beta-heme pocket, as well as some other residues located in the flexible joint (betaC helix-alphaFG corner) and switch (alphaC helix-betaFG corner) regions that play an important role in the dimer-dimer rotation of Hb during the oxygenation process. These findings suggest that, upon IHP binding, HbCO A undergoes a conformational fluctuation near the R-state but biased toward the T-state, apparently along the trajectory of its allosteric transition, accompanied by structural fluctuations in the heme pocket of the beta-chain. In contrast, no significant perturbation of the dynamic features on the ms-micros time scale has been observed upon IHP binding to deoxy-Hb A. We propose that the allosteric effector-induced quaternary structural fluctuation may contribute to the reduced ligand affinity of ligated hemoglobin. Conformational exchange mapping of the beta-chain of HbCO A observed at 21.1 T shows significantly increased scatter in the chemical exchange contribution to the transverse relaxation rate ( R ex) values, relative to those at lower fields, due to the enhanced effect of the local chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) fluctuation. A spring-on-scissors model is proposed to interpret the dynamic phenomena induced by the heterotropic effector, IHP.
History
Date
29/04/2008 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- U.S. Stock Futures Fluctuate After ADP Employment Report Shows Job Gains
U.S. stock-index futures fluctuated
between gains and losses after a report showed U.S. companies
added more jobs than expected in January. Futures on the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index expiring in
March fell less than 0.1 percent to 1,302.3 at 8:22 a.m. in New
York . Dow futures climbed less than 0.1 percent to 11,976. Companies in the U.S. added 187,000 workers to their
payrolls in January, figures from ADP Employer Services showed.
The ADP number was forecast to show a gain of 140,000 jobs last
month, according to the median estimate of 33 economists
surveyed by Bloomberg News. Projections ranged from a decline of
100,000 to an increase of 200,000. U.S. stocks climbed yesterday after American and Chinese
manufacturing expanded and United Parcel Service Inc. beat
analysts’ earnings estimates. The S&P 500 has rallied 2.5
percent in the past two days, erasing the Jan. 28 slump that was
driven by political unrest in Egypt . To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Joanna Ossinger at
jossinger@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
City of Hawkinsville (shipwreck)
City of Hawkinsville was a paddle steamer constructed in Georgia in 1886. Sold in 1900 to a Tampa, Florida company, it delivered cargo and lumber along the Suwannee River. Eventually rendered obsolete by the advent of railroads in the region, it was abandoned in the middle of the Suwannee in 1922.
It became the third Florida Underwater Archaeological Preserve when it opened to the public in 1992. On May 31, 2001, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as City of Hawkinsville (shipwreck). It is located in Dixie County, 100 yards south of the Old Town railroad trestle (which is part of the Nature Coast State Trail).
Georgia
In 1886, the Hawkinsville (Georgia) Deepwater Boat Lines had the wooden-hulled City of Hawkinsville built for them in Abbeville, Georgia.
After 14 years of service, they sold it to the Gulf Transportation Company of Tampa.
Florida
The largest (141 ft long by 30 ft wide) steamboat stationed on the Suwannee, City of Hawkinsville transported lumber and supplies from Branford to Cedar Key for the next two decades. Supplies included construction materials for the railroads that would end the need for the steamboat.
In 1922, the steamboat was abandoned in the Suwanee near what is now the railroad trestle built across the river, reducing the need for a boat to cross the river at that point. It remains at this location, preserved as one of the Florida Underwater Archaeological Preserves.
Today
The wreck of the steamboat has become part of the river's ecosystem, and was added to the Florida Underwater Archaeological Preserve system in 1992. Most of it is remarkably intact, and rests on a ledge in the middle of the Suwannee, visible from the river's surface. Diving is allowed, but only for those with advanced open water certification; venturing within the wreck itself is not permitted. | WIKI |
Write a Program to create a loading bar
By | July 10, 2021
Problem Statement
We need to write a program in C, C++, and Python, that creates a loading bar on the console window. All these three programming languages support third-party packages or libraries to print a loading progress bar, but we will use the basic coding to implement one of our own.
Algorithm
The idea behind creating a process and loading bar is quite straightforward. We will create a loop that will print a specific character (ASCII code 219) again and again, but we will put a time delay between printing the character, so it could give a loading or processing effect.
Vamware
C Program to create a loading Bar
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
int main()
{ int process;
//ascii code to print the loading bar
int ascii_code = 219;
printf("\t\t\t\t***************Loading Please Wait**********\n\t\t\t");
for( process=0; process<=60; process++)
{
//add delay to execute the next statement
Sleep(20);
// print the equivalent chracter for ascii code 219
printf("%c", ascii_code);
}
printf("\n \t\t\t\t\t\Loading Completed!");
return 0;
}
Output
***************Loading Please Wait**********
█████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████
Loding Completed!
C++ Program to create a loading Bar
#include<iostream>
#include<windows.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int process;
//ascii code to print the loading bar
int ascii_code = 219;
char ch;
cout<<"\t\t\t\t***************Loading Please Wait**********\n\t\t\t";
for( process=0; process<=60; process++)
{
//add delay to execute the next statement
Sleep(20);
// print the equivalent chracter for ascii code 219
ch = ascii_code;
cout<<ch;
}
cout<<"\n \t\t\t\t\t\tLoading Completed!";
return 0;
}
Output
***************Loading Please Wait**********
█████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████
Loding Completed!
Python Program to create a loading Bar
import time
#ascii code for blocks
ascii_code = 9608
# convert the ascii code into equivalent chracter
ch = chr(ascii_code)
print("\t\t\t\t***************Loading Please Wait**********\n\t\t\t", end ="")
for process in range(61):
time.sleep(0.0)
print(ch, end ="")
print("\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLoading Completed!")
Output
***************Loading Please Wait**********
█████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████
Loading Completed!
Wrapping Up!
In the above program, we just print the character of ASCII code 219 (C, C++) and 9680(python) as process blocks for the loading bar. To give it an effect of loading bar we have put a time delay between two print statements. In your upcoming programming interviews you may be asked to print a loading bar with the programming language you are comfortable with so learn the logic and try the above programs for yourself.
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The third partition of Poland, and thus the collapse of the Polish state, spontaneously forced a situation in which the legal orders of the partitioning states came into force almost immediately on Polish lands. In the lands divided between Prussia, Russia and Austria, legal acts of the partitioning states came into force with a strong influence of models derived from French legislation. The Polish lands which came under Austrian rule found themselves in the reality, in which the Austrian legislator conducted codification works on the new penal code, which resulted in the fact that in 1787 the penal code of Joseph II, called Josephine, became binding. As early as 1803, a penal code was introduced in Poland, which was under Austrian rule, under the name of the Book of Laws on Crimes and Serious Police Crimes called Franciscan. In the German annexation there was the Prussian Landrecht, which was characterized by a current far removed from the European science of law. On the territory of the former Duchy of Warsaw a Penal Code for the Kingdom of Poland was introduced. In Russia in 1903, the Tagantsev’s Code came into force, which in its systematics divided crimes according to their gravity into crimes and misdemeanours and clearly separated minor offences. The characteristics of criminal legislation until 1918 made it possible to show the enormity of the work of the Codification Commission, the aim of which, after Poland regained independence, was to create a uniform and coherent Polish legal system, not only in terms of social life standards, but also in the area of the catalogue of its areas. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Žumberk
Žumberk (Sonnenberg) is a market town in Chrudim District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The hamlets of Částkov and Prostějov are administrative parts of Žumberk.
Etymology
The original German name Sonnenberg means "sunny mountain". The Czech name was created by transcription.
Geography
Žumberk is located about 9 km southeast of Chrudim and 18 km south of Pardubice. It lies in the Iron Mountains. The highest point is at 417 m above sea level. The Ležák River flows through the market town.
History
The first written mention of Žumberk is from 1318. From 1487, Žumberk was referred to as a market town.
Transport
There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.
Sights
The main landmark of Žumberk is the Church of All Saints. It was originally a Gothic church, first documented in 1350. In 1782, it was completely rebuilt. The present form is a result of the pseudo-Romanesque reconstruction from 1880. Next to the church is a separate bell tower. It was built on the Gothic core in 1789.
Žumberk is known for the ruins of Žumberk Castle. It was built in the early 14th century. At the end of the 16th century, it was rebuilt into a Renaissance residence. At the end of the 18th century, it became a ruin.
Notable people
* Bohumil Laušman (1903–1963), politician | WIKI |
Page:Anne's house of dreams (1920 Canada).djvu/97
a stubborn mule, but he was fond of his wife, so he give in and said, ‘Well, durn it, bury me where you please. But when Gabriel’s trump blows I expect my dog to rise with the rest of us, for he had as much soul as any durned Elliott or Crawford or MacAllister that ever strutted.’ Them was his parting words. As for Marshall, we’re all used to him, but he must strike strangers as right down peculiar-looking. I’ve known him ever since he was ten—he’s about fifty now—and I like him. Him and me was out cod-fishing today. That’s about all I’m good for now—catching trout and cod occasional. But ’tweren’t always so—not by no manner of means. I used to do other things, as you’d admit if you saw my life-book.”
Anne was just going to ask what his life-book was when the First Mate created a diversion by springing upon Captain Jim’s knee. He was a gorgeous beastie, with a face as round as a full moon, vivid green eyes, and immense, white, double paws. Captain Jim stroked his velvet back gently.
“I never fancied cats much till I found the First Mate,” he remarked, to the accompaniment of the Mate’s tremendous purrs. “I saved his life, and when you’ve saved a creature’s life you’re bound to love it. It’s next thing to giving life. There’s some turrible thoughtless people in the world, Mistress Blythe. Some of them city folks who have summer homes over the harbor are so thoughtless that they’re cruel. It’s the worst kind of cruelty—the thoughtless | WIKI |
Escape Sequences and Verbatim Strings in C#
C# uses special escape sequences within a string to signify that what follows is to be treated differently. The special character is the backslash \. This character says to treat whatever follows it as though it were part of the string itself.
string msg = "Spot the dog said: \" get that dog bone\""; // knowing this the following is good syntax:
Spot the dog said: "get that dog bone" //output
List of C# Escape Sequences
\" Display a double quotation mark
\' Display a single quotation mark.
\\ Display a backslash.
\0 Null (non-printing).
\a Alarm (beep terminal alarm).
\b Backspace (back up one character position).
\f Form feed (advance to next page).
\n Newline (advance to next line).
\r Carriage return (move to left margin).
\t Tab (advance one tab space, often eight characters).
\v Vertical tab.
C# provides a way to avoid 'escaping' characters in strings. You can use the verbatim string literal character @ to tell VS.NET to build the string exactly as it appears.
string msg = @"go to c:\temp"; // this would work
The verbatim string can be used to allow a single string to span more than one line i.e.
string msg = @"this is great
to be under
the sun";
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TensorSpace.js
Getting Start
Basic Concepts
Model Preprocessing
Models
Layers
Merge Function
Pooling2d
2D pooling. MaxPooling2d and AveragePooling2d only change the calculate method not the structure of the model, so they both use this API.
Constructor
Two methods to create a new layer. Arguments are required.
〔Method 1〕Use poolSize and strides (Support two formats)
Rectangle pool size(same height and width)
TSP.layers.Pooling2d( { poolSize : Int , strides: Int } );
Pool size and stride with different width(first) and height(second)
TSP.layers.Pooling2d( { poolSize : [ Int, Int ], strides: [ Int, Int ] } );
〔Method 2〕Use shape
TSP.layers.Pooling2d( { shape : [ Int, Int, Int ] } );
Fig. 1 - Pooling2d layer collapse and expand
Arguments
Name
Tag
Type
Instruction
Usage Notes and Examples
poolSize
📦
Int[] Shape of pooling windows poolSize: [ 2, 3 ] Width is 2 and height is 3
strides
📦
Int[] The strides of the pooling windows strides = [ 1, 2 ] Transverse step 1, longitudinal step 2
name
🔧
String Name of this layer. Highly recommend to arrange to make code more readable. name: "layerName"
padding
🔧📦
String Is padding?
valid(default) Without padding. It drops the right-most columns (or bottom-most rows).
same With padding. Output size is the same as input size.
shape
⚙️📦
Int[] Output shape shape = [ 28, 28 ] represents the shape of output is 28 by 28.
color
⚙️🎨
color format Color of layer Pooling2d default is light blue #00ffff
closeButton
⚙️🎨
Dict Close button appearance control dict, more about close button
display : Boolean. true[default] Show button, false Hide button
ratio : Int. Times to normal size, default is 1
For example, 2 means twice the normal size
initStatus
⚙️️🎦
String Layer status at beginning. Open or Close close[default] : Closed at beginning
animation-
TimeRatio
⚙️🎦
Int The speed of open and close animation Integer for multiple of speed. For example, 2 for 2 times of basic speed.
Properties
.inputShape : Int[]
filter_center_focusThe shape of input tensor, for example inputShape = [ 28, 28, 3 ] represents 3 feature maps and each one is 28 by 28.
filter_center_focusAfter model.init() data is available, otherwise is undefined.
.outputShape : Int[]
filter_center_focusThe shape of output tensor is 3-dimensional. 3️⃣
filter_center_focusdataFormat is channel last. for example outputShape = [ 14, 14, 3 ] represents the output through this layer has 3 feature maps and each one is 14 by 14.
filter_center_focusAfter model.init() data is available, otherwise is undefined.
.neuralValue : Int[]
filter_center_focusThe intermediate raw data after this layer.
filter_center_focusAfter load and model.predict() data is available, otherwise is undefined.
.name : String
filter_center_focusThe custom name for this layer.
filter_center_focusOnce created, you can get it.
.layerType : String
filter_center_focusType of this layer, return a constant: string Pooling2d.
filter_center_focusOnce created, you can get it.
Method
filter_center_focusThis method only used in Functional Model (Non-sequential, Graph structure).
filter_center_focusLink this layer to layer which is the previous layer.
filter_center_focusTo crete a link between this layer and the previous layer. You don't need to use this method specifically to create links in Sequential Model; Instead, you can simply add layers along the lines of Keras or TensorFlow.js build the model syntax.
let convLayer = new TSP.layers.Conv2d( {
kernelSize: 2,
filters: 16,
strides: 1
} );
let poolingLayer = new TSP.layers.Pooling2d( {
poolingSize: [ 2, 2 ],
strides: [ 2, 2 ]
} );
poolingLayer.apply( convLayer );
filter_center_focusClick on the layer directly to open it by interacting directly with the object in the 3D scene.
filter_center_focusIn code, calling the method to open it.
let poolingLayer = new TSP.layers.Pooling2d( {
// configure some parameters for Pooling2d.
} );
model.add( poolingLayer );
// ... add more layers for model.
model.init();
// Call openLayer API to open layer.
poolingLayer.openLayer();
filter_center_focusTo close by interacting directly with objects in a 3D scene by clicking the close button.
filter_center_focus In code, calling the method to close it.
let poolingLayer = new TSP.layers.Pooling2d( {
// configure some parameters for Pooling2d.
} );
model.add( poolingLayer );
// ... add more layers for model.
model.init();
// If this layer already opened, call closeLayer API to close layer.
poolingLayer.closeLayer();
Example
filter_center_focus Declare an instance of Pooling2d to facilitate reuse
let poolingLayer = new TSP.layers.Pooling2d( {
poolingSize: [ 2, 3 ],
strides: [ 2, 2 ],
animationTimeRatio: 2,
name: "Pooling2d1",
initStatus: "open"
} );
model.add( poolingLayer );
filter_center_focusAdd Pooling2d directly
model.add(new TSP.layers.Pooling2d( {
poolingSize: [ 2, 2 ],
strides: [ 2, 2 ],
name: "Pooling2d2"
} ));
Use Case
When you add pooling layer with Keras | TensorFlow | tfjs in your model the corresponding API is Pooling2d in TensorSpace.
Framework Documentation
Keras keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2,2))
TensorFlow tf.layers.max_pooling2d( inputs, pool_size, strides)
TensorFlow.js tf.layers.maxPooling2d (config)
Tag Lookup
Tag Icon Meaning Instruction
⭐️ Required Must be provided, cannot be empty. Meanwhile constructor works properly if this arguments provided. Control arguments use default value.
🔧 Suggest Recommended for giving. The API can work without them.
⚙️ Optional As an auxiliary adjustment parameter when used, selectively added according to the specific situation The parameters here have no effect on the structure of the layer (3D visualized form).
📦 Model Configure the properties of the Layer. It changes the output shape.
🎨 Style Override the properties in TSP.model (model configuration)
🎦 Animation Override the properties in TSP.model (model configuration)
Source Code
tensorspace/src/layer/intermediate/Pooling2d.js | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:American Journal of Sociology Volume 15.djvu/12
vi CONTENTS
Ross, Edwakd a. The Psychological View of Society - - - - 614
Sanborn, F. B. History of the American Social Science Association - 592
Shepard, Walter J. Public Opinion --- 32
Shotwell, James Thomson. The Role of Magic - 781
Si MM EL, Georg. The Problem of Sociology -- 289
Small, Albion W. Editorial Note on Professor Ford's Views of
Sociology - ...- 259
The Sociological Stage in the Evolution of the Social Sciences - - 681
The Vindication of Sociology i
Spargo, John. Christian Socialism in America - -. . . ifi
Stockwell, Alcott W. The Immigrants' Bill of Rights - - - 21
Sumner, William G. Religion and the Mores - 577
Tenny, Alvan a. a Theory of Social Motives - 777
Thomas, William I. Standpoint for the Interpretation of Savage Society 145
Walker, Edwin C. The Census of Religious Bodies - -. - 814
Willis, Louis. Biblical Sociology IV--- 214
Ward, Lester F. Ludwig Gumplowicz - - - - - - -410
Sociology and the State -- 672
Weatherly, Ulysses G. Race and Marriage - 433
Webster, Hutton. Influence of Superstition on the Evolution of
Property Rights --- 794
WiLLCox, Walter F. The Outlook for American Statistics - - - 633
Williams, James M. Outline of a Theory of Social Motives - - - 741
Woodruff, Clinton Rogers. Municipal Review, 1908-1909 - - 502
REVIEWS
Abbott, Edith. Women in Industry — A Study in American Economic
History. — Lucy M. Salmon - 698
Addams, Jane. The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets. — Harriet Park
Thomas and William James ........ 550
Allen, William H. Civics and Health. — A. B. Wolfe - - - - 561
Aslanian, Dicran. Les principes de revolution sociale. — George E.
Vincent. . . . 838
Baker, Ray Stannard. Following the Color Line. — Charles A. Ellwood 119 Bell, Earnest A. War on the White Slave Traffic. — A. W. Small - 553 Brandeis, Louis D. Brief and Argument. — C. R. Henderson - - 703 Brewer, Isaac Williams. Rural Hygiene. — C. R. Henderson - - 847 Casson, Herbert N. Cyrus Hall McCormick: His Life and Work. —
W. J. Thomas ........... 709
Chapin, Robert C. The Standard of Living in New York City. — T. /.
Riley 268
Commons, John R. and Others. A Documentary History of American
History of American Industrial Society. Vols I and II. — William
E. Dodd ---.. 850
CooLEY, Charles H. Social Organization, a Study of the Larger Mind. —
George E. Vincent 414
Croly, Herbert. The Promise of American Life. — George E. Vincent 836 | WIKI |
Text Neck
How to Prevent and Fix Text Neck
Mobile phones and computers have taken over our lives. There are several benefits that these devices help us with. From keeping us connected and entertained to letting us work from anywhere in the world, computers and phones have changed our lives in a lot of ways. However, no technology is ever without its side effects. If you’re reading this right now, you’re probably looking down at your smartphone screen or hunched over the PC. When that is your posture for a long time, it can lead to several physical problems. One such problem is known as text neck.
What Is Text Neck?
If you work long hours in front of the computer or spend most of the day looking at your phone screen, you will experience stiff neck. This stiffness in the neck is medically termed as “text neck,” something you get when your head is looking down for a long time, whether you’re reading a book or texting someone.
A large section of the population suffers from text neck today, although not many are aware that the condition has a name. Text neck can happen to anyone, whether or not you use a phone. Whenever your head is tilted forward for a long time, you will get a feeling of stiffness in the neck. You could be chopping vegetables, watching videos on your phone, or writing in bed– a tilted head gives rise to a stiff neck. This is what is called text neck.
Why Does It Happen?
We know we get text neck when our head remains tilted for a long time, leading to bad posture. But why exactly does this happen?
As common knowledge suggests, the head is the heaviest part of the human body. An average human head weighs at least 10 pounds (or 4.5 kilograms). In comparison, the neck is much lighter and leaner. As long as the head remains in the right posture, the weight of the head remains balanced on the neck. However, the pressure becomes uneven when the head is tilted, leading to various problems, such as text neck. Stiffness in the neck is often the first symptom of spondylitis and can lead to more severe spinal problems if not treated in time.
To find out how much pressure is exerted by the head on the neck, take a ten-pound ball and fix it on a stick. As long as the ball is straight, the stick finds it easy to balance the weight. The moment you tilt the ball, the stick starts to bend and crack under pressure.
Fixing and Preventing Text Neck
While your neck may not break from the pressure of your tilted head, it can lead to muscle stiffness and soreness. The digital age has made it possible for everyone to work on the computer. On the downside, the longer you spend hunched over the computer, the worse your text neck gets. In most cases, people don’t realize they have a problem. But if you realize that you have a chronic stiff neck problem, you must take steps to fix it. But the same devices that give us stiff neck can be used to prevent it.
There are several apps available today that can detect the angle of your head and ask you to correct your posture. One such app shows a picture of a head in the notification bar; when the head turns red it means you need to straighten your head, and if the head is green, it indicates good posture. These apps generally work by detecting the tilt of your phone, as that is associated with the tilt of your head. Although this isn’t a perfect solution, it does help you to remind from time to time to correct your posture while using your device.
You can also use the voice command on your phone to reduce the need for looking at the screen. Every phone has a certain type of voice command available, the most common being ‘OK Google.’
Exercise
Stretching is one of the best exercises to combat text neck. Adding core strengthening exercises to your workout regime and stretching your neck at work or while using your phone are some good ways to fight the stiffness. To make the stretching regular, add reminders on your phone at certain intervals that will alert you to stretch. Every few minutes, lifting your head and stretching your neck is of great help.
In not so severe cases, the above measure can keep text neck under control. However, if the symptoms persist, a medical evaluation should be done to rule out underlying causes.
Leave a Reply
Your email address will not be published. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
US New Home Sales at 10-Month High
US New Home Sales at 10-Month HighUnited States New Home SalesSales of new single-family houses in December 2015 were at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 544,000, up 10.8 percent from last month and higher than market expectations. Purchases increased in all four regions, led by a 31.6 percent jump in the Midwest and by 21 percent in the West. The supply of homes at the current sales rate dropped to 5.2 months from 5.6 months in the prior month. In 2015, new home sales increased 14.5 percent to 501,000. 2016-01-27T15:04:01 | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Impax broke U.S. antitrust law by delaying generic drug, jury told
BOSTON (Reuters) - Impax Laboratories Inc went to trial on Monday over allegations by major retailers and consumers that the company agreed to delay launching a generic version of acne medication Solodyn in exchange for millions of dollars from the manufacturer. The trial in Boston federal court is one of a handful to have taken place since the U.S. Supreme Court in 2013 said so-called “pay-for-delay” settlements resolving pharmaceutical patent lawsuits can violate antitrust laws. The settlements occur when a brand-name drugmaker pays a generic rival to delay releasing a cheaper version of its product in exchange for resolving court challenges to patents covering the treatment. A lawyer for Impax, in his opening statement, denied there was any such arrangement to delay Solodyn’s entry to the market. Richard Arnold, a lawyer for the retailers, told jurors in his opening statement that Impax in 2008 settled a lawsuit it filed challenging a “weak” patent Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp held for Solodyn by agreeing to delay releasing its a generic version until 2011. In exchange, Impax received $40 million, allowing Medicis to maintain its Solodyn monopoly longer, Arnold said. “Instead of competing in the way we expect businesses to compete, they choose to pay off Impax to delay entry into the market for three years,” Arnold said. He said but-for that settlement, Impax would have launched its generic version “at-risk” while the litigation continued. But Douglas Baldridge, Impax’s lawyer, noted the U.S. Food and Drug Administration did not approve Impax’s drug until February 2009 post-settlement and that its arrangement with Medicis allowed it to release a generic version before Medicis’ patent expired in February 2018. “How can that be delayed entry?” he asked. The case is being pursued by a class of consumers, third-party insurers and by several retailers, including CVS Health Corp and Rite Aid Corp. Jurors are being asked only to determine liability because damages will be determined at a later trial. Impax on Saturday reached a deal to resolve part of the litigation it faced over Solodyn, agreeing to pay $35 million to resolve claims by a class of direct purchasers such as retailers and wholesalers. Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc, which in 2012 acquired Medicis, in February said it would pay $58 million to resolve related claims against it. Lawyers for the consumers and insurers have said they were overcharged by up to $790.3 million and that the defendants were unjustly enriched by up to $803.3 million, according to an October court ruling. Under federal antitrust law, any damages would be tripled. The case is In re Solodyn (Minocycline Hydrochloride) Antitrust Litigation, U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts, No. 14-md-02503. Reporting by Nate Raymond in Boston; editing by Jonathan Oatis and Grant McCool | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Beverly B. Douglas
Beverly Browne Douglas (December 21, 1822 – December 22, 1878) was a Democrat who served two terms as U.S. Representative from Virginia from 1875 to 1878. He also served as in the Virginia Senate representing King William, King and Queen and Essex Counties (1852-1865) and as a Confederate cavalry officer during the American Civil War.
Early life
Born at Providence Forge in New Kent County, Virginia, to Elizabeth, the wife of planter William Douglas. Young Beverley Douglas attended Rumford Academy across the river in King William County. In his college years, he attended the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, as well as Yale College, and the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. At some point he studied law at a school operated by Judge Beverly Tucker. Upon returning to the United States, Douglas reentered William and Mary, and graduated from the law department in 1843.
Lawyer and planter
Admitted to the bar in 1844, Douglas began his legal practice in his native New Kent County, as well as Norfolk, Virginia. By 1846 he had moved his legal practice to King William County, Virginia.
Douglas owned 20 slaves in King William County in 1850, and 33 slaves in 1860.
Virginia politician
In 1850 Douglas began his political career by winning an election to become one of five delegates to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850. Together with Francis W. Scott, Corbin Braxton, Eustace Conway and Edward W. Morris, he represented Caroline, Spotsylvania, King William and Hanover counties. That Convention drafted a new state constitution which increased representation of increasingly populated western Virginia counties in part by redrawing districts in Tidewater Virginia. Thus, while King William and King and Queen counties had been jointly represented in the Virginia Senate by John W. C. Catlett together with three counties mostly to the east (Gloucester, Mathews and Middlesex counties) in the 1850-1851 legislative session, those two counties were now combined with Essex county to the west (Essex had previously been combined with Spotsylvania and Caroline counties in a state senatorial district represented by Austin M. Trible).
Following the convention, Douglas won election from the new senatorial district, and continued to win re-election to the Senate of Virginia during the period 1852–1865. Douglas for five years served as chairman of the powerful finance committee, and also served as presidential elector for the Democratic ticket of Breckinridge and Lane in 1860.
Civil War officer
As the Civil War began, Douglas continued to serve as state senator, and even chaired the committee on military affairs, but also volunteered to join the Confederate States Army. He initially accepted a commission as a first lieutenant in Lee's Rangers, a cavalry company drawn from King William County and which for the first months of the conflict was attached to infantry regiments and performed picket duty as well as provided couriers to field officers in northern Virginia. At some point Douglas was elected captain. In December 1861 that unit became Company H of the 9th Virginia Cavalry, but that regiment was not geographically united until April 1862, when Federal forces pushed toward Fredericksburg and W.H.F. Lee was made colonel. During early June 1862, the regiment drilled regularly under Col. Lee, but did not participate in the Battle of Seven Pines. However, six of its companies participated on June 12–15 in General J.E.B. Stuart's famous ride around McClellan's Army.
On June 24, 1862, the day before General Richard E. Lee (Col. Lee's father) began complex maneuvers which launched his Seven Days offensive, Douglas was promoted to the rank of major, but transferred to the newly reorganized 5th Virginia Cavalry. That regiment had been composed of companies drawn from southern Tidewater counties and had protected coastal areas south of the James River (including North Carolina). However, on April 18, Federal troops had landed at Elizabeth City, so during the next month those companies guarded Williamsburg and Yorktown before a complete reorganization at the end of May. Captain Henry Clay Pate of the Petersburg Rangers (a/k/a Letcher Mounted Guards, who had gained fame as a slavery advocate in Kansas and fought in western Virginia in the war's early months), had envisioned a cavalry unit of men from every Virginia county to protect the Confederate capital, Richmond. On May 25, 1862 Pate organized the 2nd Battalion Virginia Cavalry, which on June 23 General J.E.B. Stuart reorganized as the 5th Virginia Cavalry following the dismemberment of the previous unit. Pate became the regiment's Lieutenant Colonel under Col. Thomas L. Rosser, and Douglas became Major in the unit, with Pate's brother Otho K. Pate as adjutant. As part of Stuarts's cavalry, the unit saw considerable action in northern Virginia from Manassas in Prince William County to Fairfax, Loudoun and Hampshire Counties (in what became West Virginia) and even into Maryland that summer. Douglas briefly took command at Piedmont on November 3, as Stuart's cavalry resisted the Federal advance into northern Virginia and Col. Williams C. Wickham of the 4th regiment was wounded in the action. However, Douglas resigned on January 8, 1863 to return to the Virginia legislature.
Postwar legislator
Following the conflict, Douglas' Confederate service limited his political activity, and Virginia could not be readmitted to the union without discarding its 1850 Constitution, which explicitly allowed slavery. Upon reorganizing the Virginia legislature, Mathews, Gloucester and Middlesex Counties were combined with King and Queen, King William and Essex counties in a senatorial district whose voters elected Warner T. Taliaferro of Gloucester County. Then after adoption of the Virginia Constitution of 1869, King William was combined with Caroline and Essex Counties and that district's voters elected Edmund W. Massey, who had represented them at the latest constitutional convention. However, Douglas's political career had not ended. In 1868 he was a delegate to the Democratic convention which nominated Seymour and Blair, who lost to the Republican presidential ticket in the general election.
In 1874 voters elected Douglas as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth Congress and would re-elect him to the Forty-fifth Congress. He defeated the incumbent Republican, James Beverley Sener of Fredericksburg, despite Sener's having sponsored legislation to create the Steamboat Inspection Service (although Sener would later become Chief Justice of the Wyoming Territory). Douglas served from March 4, 1875, until his death in Washington, D.C. on December 22, 1878. However, he did not hold congressional positions of importance, his most important post being as chairman of the committee investigatigating the demise of the Freedman's Savings Bank.
Personal life
Douglas outlived his wife, the former Eliza Dandridge Pollard (1822-1867), daughter of Robert Pollard (d. 1856), who served for more than 40 years as court clerk of King William County. Her grandfather, also Robert Pollard, had purchased over 1000 acres in 1782, and named his plantation home after the biblical village, perhaps because it overlooked the town of Aylett, Virginia which some likened to Sodom and Gomorrah for its horseracing and many taverns. Upon the elder Pollard's death in 1821, the plantation was divided among his sons, with his eldest son (her father) receiving 467.75 acres which included the main house (which burned in 1851 and burned down during a storm in January 1890), although only 280.21 acres remained of Zoar by the time of his death. Douglas would be survived by at least three married daughters. Elizabeth Dandridge “Bessie” Douglas Moncure (1849-1934), Evelyn Spotswood Douglas Causey (1854-1934) and Mary Ellen Douglas Weathers (1861-1941).
Death
Beverly Browne Douglas and his wife were among those interred in the Pollard family burying ground at "Zoar," with his gravestone bearing the epitaph, "an honest politician". Although the town of Aylett below Zoar burned during the American Civil War, Pollard family members continued to farm Zoar (and acquire nearby land) until Albert H. Stoddard III deeded 373.5 acres to Virginia's Department of Forestry in 1987. In addition to planting a memorial oak and maintaining the cemetery and remaining outbuildings, the Department of Forestry converted the last dwelling house on the site into offices. The Department of Forestry also makes the area available for recreational activities and wildlife habitat, as well as some agricultural use and sales of forest products.
Elections
* 1874; Douglas was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 50.69% of the vote, defeating Republican James Beverley Sener.
* 1876; Douglas was re-elected with 56.53% of the vote, defeating Republican L.C. Boiston. | WIKI |
Talk:HMS Shalimar/GA1
GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''
Reviewer: Hog Farm (talk · contribs) 03:39, 3 June 2020 (UTC)
Criteria
1. Prose
2. Verifiability
3. Depth of Coverage ✅
4. Neutral ✅
5. Stable ✅
6. Illustrations ✅
7. Miscellaneous ✅
Comments
1.
* Consider linking minesweeper
* Be consistent with Strait of Malacca and Malacca Strait; unless I'm an idiot and they're different bodies of water, the name used should be consistent. You also use Straits of Malacca
* "then sank a coaster two day later" --> "then sank a coaster two days later"
2.
* The final paragraph of the article is completely uncited.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Good work, placing on hold. Hog Farm (talk) 23:19, 3 June 2020 (UTC)
* Done all. Will be doing your review soon. L293D (☎ • ✎) 02:54, 4 June 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:The Green Bag (1889–1914), Volume 20.pdf/264
THE SHERMAN LAW ponding degree to restrain commerce; but surely no such identity will be pretended. Commerce is the interchange of commodities. Competition is one of its incidents only, and but an occasional incident. To identify anything with one of its occasional incidents would be an error. ... A restraint upon competition does not of necessity restrain trade, but may even promote trade. . . ." (43 L. ed. 267.) This contention, that a restraint of com petition is not necessarily a restraint of trade, is but a corrollary to the attempt to fasten the common law test of reasonableness upon the anti -trust legislation. Under the latter contention it had been argued that a restricting agreement to abate the evils of unrestrained competition imposed but a reasonable restraint on trade, under the former it was now argued that a restraint of competition merely was no (or no direct) restraint of trade. The same (alleged) economic facts were introduced under guise of this new contention as had been under the old. It is the theory of the writer that this change of the form of the monopolists' contention was induced, first, by the decisive disallowance of the test of reasonableness, and, second, by the intimation by the Supreme Court that the statute would not be applied unless the element of restraint of trade entered directly into the contract (vide infra). Ergo, said the monopolist, let us argue that our contract only in directly restrains trade. Therefore it was, in the writer's opinion, that Mr. Carter renovated and rechristened the old argu ment in favor of " reasonable restraints " to meet the supposed views of the court. The holding of the Supreme Court that this contention had necessarily been nega tived by the Trans-Missouri decision is consistent with this theory. Directly answering the contention we have quoted, the Court said : "The natural, direct and immediate effect of competition is, however, to lower rates, and to thereby increase the demand for
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commodities, the supplying of which in creases commerce, and an agreement whose first and direct effect is to prevent the play of competition restrains instead of pro moting trade and commerce. . . . An agree ment of the nature of this one, which directly and effectually stifles competition, must be regarded under the statute as one in restraint of trade, notwithstanding there are possi bilities that a restraint of trade may also follow competition. ..." (p. 577.) Thus it is, that however open to argu ment as a question of political economy may be the wisdom of unrestrained competi tion, the Supreme Court has made it a rule of law that any interference with the free play of competition in interstate trade, is an illegal restraint of trade under the anti trust Act of 1890. Another interesting phase of this question was presented in the case of United States v. Addyston Pipe and £teel Company (175 U. S. 211). The contract sought to be dissolved by the government divided among the six defendant corporations, manufactur ers, transporters and vendors of iron pipe, the territory of the United States for the purpose of bidding for contracts, and es tablished a system of determining among these six companies which one should be allowed to successfully bid for each contract offered. It was most ingeniously urged by the defendants that since but one contract could be awarded for the work proposed at any one place, and therefore but one person could in any event secure it by virtue of being the lowest bidder, the selection by the defend ants of- one of their number to make the lowest bid as among themselves could not operate as a restraint of trade, tha't the com bination affected only the selection of the lowest bidder and did not limit the number of contracts. Obviously, however, this argument ad mitted a restraint of competition, and the court therefore held it a restraint of trade. Said the court : "It is the effect of the combination, in limiting and restricting the right of each of | WIKI |
Talk:Rafidah Aziz
Michael Backman
I deleted the copy of Michael Backman's article because it's Michael's opinion and it's unencyclopedic because it is POV. Some of the arguments might be true but the article is too POV. Anyway, it is against Wikipedia's policy to copy articles from other websites to wikipedia.Wai Hong (talk) 09:59, 15 January 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
Hypopyon
Hypopyon: Description, Causes and Risk Factors:The presence of leukocytes in the anterior chamber of the eye.HypopyonBy the strictest definition, hypopyon is the accumulation of pus resulting from suppurative infection inferiorly in the anterior chamber. However, hypopyon may be neither caused by infection nor lie at 6 o'clock in the anterior chamber. Firstly, it caused by inflammatory mechanisms does not contain microorganisms. If hypopyon is due to ocular tumors, it consists largely of neoplastic cells, in which case the term pseudohypopyon is often used. However, in the clinical setting, the appearances are identical and therefore pseudohypopyon will be discussed with it. Secondly, hypopyon collects at the dependent part of the anterior chamber, so after a shift in posture it may either be dispersed or in a different orientation. The speed with which it settles again will vary according to the content of the material. Finally, macrohypopyon refers to hypopyon visible to the naked eye, whereas micro refers to hypopyon visible only microscopically. Angle hypopyon is a subcategory of microhypopyon visible in the dependent anterior chamber angle only on gonioscopy. The prevalence of hypopyon may, therefore, vary among clinical series if the stringency of diagnostic criteria for this clinical sign differ.There is no single unifying process by which it forms. Initiating factors include infection, cellular immune reactions influenced by patterns of HLA (human leukocyte antigen) expression, and trauma. Exposure to gram-negative organisms has been implicated as a causative factor in some HLA-B27 patients with uveitis, so it is possible that hypopyon associated with infection and uveitis share the same trigger.In all cases, the development of hypopyon depends upon the strength of local chemotaxic and activating stimuli and the degree of tissue destruction engendered by the inflammatory process concerned. Chemotaxins are derived from bacterial material, injured tissue, plasma (e.g., complement system) and PMNs. Of the leukotrienes, LTB4 is the most important PMN-chemotaxin, and it is responsible for the arrival of large numbers of PMNs. Local vascular damage and the vasodilatory influence of bradykinin—which is derived from plasma by the action of kallikrein and histamine from platelets, basophils, and mast cells — allows exudation of PNMs, necrotic debris, and inflammatory mediators into the anterior chamber from iris vessels.In infective hypopyon the alternative complement pathway is a ubiquitous first line of defense against microbes. It is activated by bacterial endotoxin, or polysaccharide, or by PMN (polymorphonuclear) lysosomal enzymes. C3a, C5a, and the activated complex of C5, C6, and C7 are strongly chemotactic for PMNs. C8 and C9 lyse cells and bacterial membranes. Activation of PMNs in infectious disease aids phagocytic clearance of microbes. PMNs frequently appear degenerate because they turn over very quickly anyway and are also killed by exotoxins released by certain bacteria. However, PMNs are also activated in hypopyon-iridocyclitis. Anterior chamber cells from a patient with hypopyon uveitis associated with psoriasis and arthropathy were found to be activated, as judged by their ability to pass through a micropore filter compared to healthy controls. They may, therefore, be instrumental in disease activations when they show greater adhesiveness, aggregation, and deformation. Anterior chamber PMNs with late arrival of lymphocytes is also an observed characteristic of Behcet's disease.HLA-B27-associated disease is a common cause of hypopyon. The x-ray crystallographic structure of the HLA-B27 molecule has been described. It may be possible to block the antigen-binding cleft on the molecule and thereby prevent T cell activation. Differences on the humoral arm of the immune system have also been found: raised levels of serum IgA is significantly more common in HLA-B27-positive of uveitis patients (p < 0.001) than in patients with idiopathic uveitis. With further work it will be possible to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms behind these and other uveitic phenotypes.Symptoms:Pain, redness and drop of vision. Diagnosis:The differential diagnosis of hypopyon in the context of raised intraocular pressure includes phacolytic glaucoma, response to laser iridotomy or angleclosure glaucoma, and finally, endophthalmitisfrom a leaking filter bleb.Endophthalmitis is the first diagnostic consideration in hypopyon following recent penetratingtrauma or surgery such as complicated cataract surgery or glaucoma surgery. In full-blown cases, theclinical picture is clearer, but it is still essential to attempt to confirm microbiological organisms by anterior chamber and vitreous tap. In lessclear-cut cases, other noninfectious causes should beconsidered. Where hypopyon clears withcorticosteroid therapy and residual chronic inflammation remains, the decision to treat conservativelyis guided by the absence of visual deterioration, discomfort, cystoid macular edema, and the absence ofa posterior capsular plaque.Most patients with hypopyon and isolated is anterior uveitis will have HLA-B27 disease, but, rarely herpetic disease may be responsible. Posterior uveitis must be differentiated from endogenous endophthalmitis and masquerade syndromes by careful systemic history, examination, and microbiological/cytological sampling, where necessary.Hypopyon associated with corneal disease is typically heaped up centrally and triangular in shape rather than flat. These cases should usually be investigated and treated as infectious hypopyon keratitis, although the clinician must be aware that (rarely) noninfectious causes, such as recurrent erosion syndrome, can produce similar clinical pictures. If there is a history of trauma with organic matter or ocular surface disease, then the ophthalmologist should consider the possibility of penetrating corneal keratitis/endophthalmitis due to filamentous fungi and yeasts, respectively.Treatment:In treating hypopyon, the bottom line would be to treat its cause. For example if it is due to tuberculosis, the treatment should be aimed at eliminating the pathogen causing the tuberculosis. The hypopyon itself would not require any treatment and will settle itself. If the underlying condition is not treated, the hypopyon can lead to cataract formation, visual impairment, glaucoma and even retinal detachment.NOTE: The above information is for processing purpose. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.DISCLAIMER: This information should not substitute for seeking responsible, professional medical care.
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Coffee Scent Might Be Enough to Boost Your Brain
Coffee Scent Might Be Enough to Boost Your Brain
A new study from the Stevens School of Business in New Jersey, USA, finds that even coffee scent can sharpen the brain under certain conditions. In the study, 114 students were involved. The participants were divided into two group and both had to answer mathematical...
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By Gail Cleveland
The acrobatic aerial display of two jet black birds soaring, wheeling and tumbling with wingtips touching — inverted commas in the sky. This spring scene is the mating display of the Common Raven,the largest of the passerines (perching birds) that has “become the most widely naturally disturbed bird in the world, inhabiting the same continents as humans and at home in as many diverse habitats.”
How does one distinguish the American Crow from the Common Raven? In flight, the raven has a wedged-shaped tail, whereas the crow’s tail is slightly rounded. Ravens are more slender with long, narrower wings and longer, thinner fingers at the wingtips. If perched, the larger, heavier beak and thick neck with shaggy, spiky throat feathers when they fluff them up are good raven indicators.
Common Ravens are not as social as crows; you tend to see them in pairs or alone except at food sources like landfills or road kills. They prefer to live in open and forest habitats across western and northern North America. Their nests are a mass of sticks and twigs that they will use for several years, built on cliff ledges and cavities or in trees. Ravens nest in single pairs, and evidence indicates that they will remain mated for life.
Ravens do well around people,especially in rural environments but also in some towns and cities. For centuries, they accompanied people on the move, following their wagons, sleds, sleighs and hunting parties in hopes of a quick meal. What do they eat? Anything that is edible and many things that aren’t. They take advantage of any available food source. My mother lived several blocks from two fast food restaurants. Daily, she had to clean her bird bath, as a raven was in the habit of washing his French fries and taco bits there before consumption. Or perhaps he was caching them for a late night snack.Ravens are carrion eaters. Another useful behavioral clue to identification is that ravens cruise roads looking for road kill; crows normally don’t do this. Like the other members of the Corvid family (jays, magpies and crows),they store extra food, mostly burying it in the ground or hiding it in trees.
Native American mythology often includes the raven. He is a cultural hero, a trickster or the principal creator figure in many cultures, from the Tlingit of southern to Inuit of northern Alaska. The prominence of the raven in these mythologies may correlate with its purported intelligence.
Recent experiments conducted by Bernd Heinrich and Thomas Bugnyar show that these birds use logic to solve problems and that some of their abilities approach or even surpass those of the great apes. One of the experiments showed true insight when solving problems. Ravens faced with a novel task, such as getting food that is dangling on the end of a string, were able to assess the problem and then use their feet to hold the string and pull the food up. Grownup birds would examine the situation for minutes on end and then perform a multistep procedure on their first try in as little as 30seconds. Year-old birds required at least six minutes to solve the puzzle, during which they overtly tested possibilities. Young birds (a month or two past fledging) were unable to perform this behavior, so apparently their problem solving abilities increase with age; mature ravens have the ability to test actions in their minds and project the outcomes of those actions.Wow!
If you are interested in other experiments testing the intelligence of the Common Raven, see the April 2007 Scientific American. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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