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Grand High Witch
The Grand High Witch of All the World or just The Grand High Witch, known as Eva Ernst and Lilith, is a fictional character and the main antagonist in the 1983 children's dark fantasy novel The Witches by Roald Dahl, as well as the graphic novel and the two film adaptations, in which she was played by Anjelica Huston (in 1990) and Anne Hathaway (in 2020). In the narrative, it is a title given to the all-powerful leader of all the witches on Earth.
The Witches presents The Grand High Witch as a particularly powerful, evil and feared witch who hides her ancient age and hideous appearance behind an attractive disguise, in order to blend in with society, and plots to wipe out all the children in England after summoning the country's witches for the task. The boy protagonist and his grandmother (herself a retired witch-hunter who once searched the world for The Grand High Witch, but could never find her) encounter her by accident in a hotel in England, setting in motion the main plot of the novel.
Storyline and characterisation
The Grand High Witch is described as the most powerful being in the world, and is the only link between the secret societies of demonic witches that exist in various countries, as they are not allowed to contact each other. The Grand High Witch's headquarters is a great castle in Norway, where she has a magic money-printing machine and lives with large retinue of special assistant witches, tyrannically ruling over all the witches anywhere and plotting ever more harm to children everywhere. The current Grand High Witch, who is unnamed in the book but goes under the alias of Eva Ernst (Miss Eva / Miss Ernst) in the film, is described as "the most evil and appalling woman in the world".
In the backstory, the boy protagonist (Luke Eveshim in the 1990 film, Charlie Hansen in the 2020 film) has a grandmother (known as just Grandmamma in the book, and named Helga Eveshim in the 1990 film and Agatha Hansen in the 2020 film) who is the nemesis of The Grand High Witch. The grandmother had once been one of the very best of the witch-hunters and has travelled all over the globe trying to track down the fabled and elusive Grand High Witch, who might be the key to finally defeat her evil kind. The Grand High Witch has a heavy foreign accent and it is implied she's originally from Germany. As discovered about her at the end of the book, after she is destroyed: "Nobody in the world had the faintest idea who she was except the other witches. Wherever she went, people simply knew her as a nice lady (...) Even in her home district, in the village where she lived, people knew her as a kindly and very wealthy Baroness who gave large sums of money to charity." The original version of character is relatively asexual compared to the highly sexualized portrayal in the film adaptation, as she is described only in terms such as being young and "very pretty". In the film version she travels with her black cat, whom she calls Liebchen.
The Grand High Witch first appears in person as a mysterious and seemingly wealthy woman who arrives with a group of distinguished ladies for an annual convention of the ironically named RSPCC (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, reminiscent of the real-life National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children). In her disguise, she is dressed entirely in black and with a "look of serpents" and "brilliant snake's eyes". However, soon the protagonist boy finds out that the RSPCC is really a coven of English witches, and the society's chairwoman is revealed as the frightening Grand High Witch herself. Removing her synthetic face, she reveals that she is really an extremely old and hideous hag. All the other witches are terrified of her immense power, ruthlessness and boundless cruelty. She is portrayed as having overtly supernatural powers. In previous meetings, The Grand High Witch made it a custom to casually murder at least one of her minion witches simply to keep the others fearful of her, and now she does it by incinerating a timid English witch for speaking out of turn. She has already tortured and killed thousands of children around the world, and in the book she also keeps three of them just recently turned into frogs in her room, intending for them to be eaten alive by seagulls. Now she plans to give the witches of England her newest invention, the "Formula 86 Delayed Action Mouse-Maker" to distribute and turn all children in the country into mice so they can be exterminated by their own parents.
In the 1990 film of The Witches, The Grand High Witch is a tall, mysterious, attractive, snobbish, foreign aristocrat, a glamorously and provocatively dressed femme fatale type with heavily made-up appearance, full of dominating and predatory "vamp" sexuality. Here, she attracts attention of men, including the character of Mr. Jenkins who unsuccessfully flirts with her right in front of his wife (unaware that she has just turned his son into a mouse), and acts in erotic and seductive ways even when tauntingly interacting with children; she is sexually sadistic, even deriving such an excitement and pleasure from hurting children in particular, that she is actually shown as having an orgasmic experience. The other witches fear and adore her, often praising her intelligence. Haughty, cunning, dramatic, impatient, and volatile, she does not care how her commands are carried out, just so long as they are obeyed. She has an assistant named Miss Irvine, who eventually walks out on her after becoming tired of her incompetent behavior, ultimately becoming good. One witch with whom she is shown to be actually friendly with is "the Woman in Black", who attempted to kill Luke earlier in the story and is given a larger role in the film.
In the original book's chapter The Triumph, The Grand High Witch's own magic is used against her and her followers during their public banquet at the hotel's ballroom, when they are all transformed into brown mice by a massive overdose of Formula 86. It is said that each and every witch has been "smashed and bashed and chopped up into little pieces" by the hotel employees, and that The Grand High Witch was chopped up into pieces by the head chef. In the film, they begin turning into mice with black-and-white fur, except for the fuming Grand High Witch, who is last to be affected as she resists the effects due to her sheer power. She recognizes Helga and attempts to curse her "old adversary" (having perhaps encountered Helga when she was attempting to track down The Grand High Witch), but then Bruno (a boy turned into a mouse) finds the courage to leap onto her cleavage and bite her, which breaks her concentration and she too begins to painfully transform - in her case into a large, nasty, hairless rat. A panic and utter chaos ensues, and the hotel staff members begin to violently take on what they think is a sudden infestation, unknowingly massacring the helpless mice-witches as they run around squeaking. "Her Grandness" herself, in her rodent form and now left without any sort of power whatsoever except still being able to talk even after the overdose, is spotted by Luke, who tells his grandmother not to "let her get away". Frantically pleading "get away from me", she is trapped under a glass water pitcher by Helga, who asks the hotel manager Mr. Stringer to dispose for her of this "especially infectious one". The Grand High Witch ends up unceremoniously executed when she is sliced in half with a meat cleaver in her rat form, finally ending Helga's long conflict, and with the witch population of England now wiped out.
The book ends with the protagonists planning to destroy The Grand High Witch's retainers and conquer her castle, and then use its various magical resources to systematically hunt down the unsuspecting witches of every country and rid the world of them forever. In the ending to the 1990 film, the now-good Miss Irvine arrives to reverse the mouse transformation from Luke and restore him to human form. Luke and Helga are planning to get rid of all the evil witches with the money, address, and resources that Luke stole from The Grand High Witch.
In the 2020 film, the role of The Grand High Witch was expanded where she was responsible for turning the grandmother's friend Alice Blue into a chicken by giving her chocolate with a magic potion that did the job. In addition, she is depicted with one toe on each foot and elongating arms. When she is turned into a rat, The Grand High Witch is trapped in an ice bucket by the grandmother. Before the grandmother and the children leave the room, the grandmother takes the Grand High Witch's trunk full of money and releases her cat Hades from its cage. As they close the door, Hades attacks and kills her.
Behind the scenes
As part of the publicity for Matilda the Musical, Lucy Dahl, the daughter of the author Roald Dahl, was interviewed about her father's books. She discussed The Witches at length, citing The Grand High Witch was inspired by her stepmother. Her stepmother's personality was not the factor, but it was her social status and look. Lucy also seriously stated she was not entirely sure witches were fiction, saying, "There's this older lady, a neighbor. If witches are real, she's one of them."
For the 1990 film adaptation, Anjelica Huston and the costume designer Marit Allen originally brought a different dress for Huston's role as The Grand High Witch, but the director Nicolas Roeg rejected it as "not sexy". Huston recalled: "That was the first time I'd imagined that this horrible creature in a children's movie should have sex appeal. It simply had not occurred to me. But of course, Nic was absolutely right. His vision was diabolical and dark and brilliantly funny. If a witch was to be at the center of this plot, she needed to be sexy to hold the eye." The character's monstrous version was prepared by Jim Henson's Creature Shop: "The prosthetics for Miss Ernst's transformation to The Grand High Witch were extensive. The various features—contact lenses, full facial mask, hump, withered collarbone, and hands—took over six hours to apply and almost as much time to remove at the end of the day." Nonetheless, it has remained one of her favorite roles.
In 2018, it was announced that Anne Hathaway would star as The Grand High Witch in the 2020 film adaptation. The film itself garnered mixed reviews from critics.
Reception
The initial depictions of the Grand High Witch were overall very well received for various reasons, having remained a highly popular and memorable character in both the original novel and in the 1990 film adaptation (as one of the best movie witches or in other aspects). Anjelica Huston's campy, over-the-top portrayal in the film was also acclaimed by reviewers at the time, earning her awards from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association and the National Society of Film Critics among other wins and nominations.
Anne Hathway's enactment of the character in the 2020 reboot of The Witches was met with widespread criticism from disability campaigners. They condemned the three fingered depiction of the character, a choice they feared would have a negative impact on children with limb differences. Warner Bros professed they were "deeply saddened" at the news that Robert Zemeckis' film had upset people with disabilities, "it was never the intention for viewers to feel that the fantastical, non-human creatures were meant to represent them." Hathaway apologised for the negative representation of those with limb differences later the same week via an Instagram post on 5 November 2020. | WIKI |
Joel Sobel
Joel Sobel (born 24 March 1954) is an American economist and currently professor of economics at the University of California, San Diego. His research focuses on game theory and has been seminal in the field of strategic communication in economic games. His work with Vincent Crawford established the game-theoretic concept of cheap talk.
Education
Sobel graduated with a B.S. in mathematics from the University of Michigan, in 1974. He went on to further study at the University of California, Berkeley, where he received an M.A. in economics and Ph.D. in applied mathematics in 1978.
Career
The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) appointed Sobel assistant professor of economics upon graduation from Berkeley. He was promoted to associate professor in 1984 and full professor in 1988, a year after receiving a Sloan Foundation Fellowship. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2006.
He has served in an editorial capacity for a range of academic journals. He was associate editor of the Journal of Mathematical Economics, the Journal of Economic Theory, the Journal of Economic Literature, Games and Economic Behaviour and other publications. He served as co-editor of the American Economic Review from 2009 to 2010 and editor of Econometrica from 2015 to 2019.
Honors
* Fellow of the Econometric Society in 1990
* Member of the Game Theory Society in 1998
* Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2010
* Fellow of the Economic Theory Society in 2011 | WIKI |
Poppler is a PDF rendering library based on the xpdf-3.0 code base.
What's with the name?
Contact
Discuss poppler on the poppler mailing list, or visit the #poppler irc channel on irc.freenode.org.
Poppler Wiki.
Download
The latest stable release is poppler-0.53.0.tar.xz, released on March 19, 2017:
core:
* Form support improvements
* SplashOutputDev: Fix memory leak when rendering images with colormap and matte color
* Minor fix in GlobalParams documentation
qt5:
* Expose form calculate order
* Expose Form additional actions
utils:
* pdfimages: support 16bpc png and tiff images. Bug #99988
* pdftohtml: fix small memory leak when constructing some filenames
* pdfinfo: fix leak when printing JS
build sytem:
* Compile in C++11 mode
Besides poppler you are also going to need poppler encoding data: poppler-data-0.4.7.tar.gz (released Aug 12, 2014).
Previous poppler releases are available here.
Poppler is available from git. To clone the repository use the following command:
git clone https://anongit.freedesktop.org/git/poppler/poppler.git
or browse the repository with cgit.
TODO
See TODO or check out the bugs filed against poppler.
Bugzilla
Use bugzilla to report bugs or suggest enhancements. The component is poppler.
If you have documents that don't render properly with poppler, please open a bug in bugzilla and attach the PDF file there, if possible. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
In today’s data-driven landscape, the quest for meaningful insights from vast amounts of information has led to the rise of text mining. This powerful technique enables us to extract valuable knowledge from unstructured text data, turning words and sentences into actionable insights. From deciphering sentiments in social media posts to aiding healthcare professionals in diagnosis, it has emerged as a pivotal tool across various domains. In this article, we will talk about the world of text mining. We will also explore its applications, techniques, tools, and the exciting trends that lie ahead.
Key Concepts And Processes Of Text Mining
Text mining involves a sequence of processes that transform raw text into structured and analyzable data. The journey begins with text extraction, where information is gathered from documents, web pages, or any textual source. Once extracted, preprocessing steps come into play. These steps, including tokenization, stemming, and lemmatization, break down the text into smaller units, making it easier to analyze. Think of these processes as the initial polishing of raw text, preparing it for deeper exploration.
However, text’s inherent complexity poses challenges. Unlike structured data, text often lacks a predefined format, making it prone to ambiguity and context-dependent interpretations. This is where the art of transforming text comes in. Through techniques like named entity recognition (NER), text is dissected to identify entities such as names, dates, and locations. This step is crucial for making sense of the text’s underlying information.
Different Text Mining Techniques
The techniques employed in text mining lay the foundation for extracting meaningful insights from textual data. Tokenization, the process of breaking down text into smaller units or tokens, enables computers to understand and analyze words individually. Stemming and lemmatization take this a step further by reducing words to their base form, aiding in comparison and analysis.
Named entity recognition (NER) is a game-changer in extracting entities such as names, organizations, and locations from text. Imagine analyzing a news article and automatically identifying the key players in a complex geopolitical scenario—NER makes this possible.
Tools And Technologies
The implementation of text mining relies on a variety of technologies and tools that facilitate the process. Python stands out as a popular programming language due to its rich ecosystem of natural language processing (NLP) libraries. The Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) and spaCy are prominent examples, offering functions for tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, and syntactic analysis. These libraries serve as the building blocks for text preprocessing and analysis, empowering data scientists and analysts to make sense of textual data.
Another contender in the text mining arena is R, a statistical programming language known for its data analysis capabilities. R provides specialized packages like ‘tm’ and ‘quanteda’ that streamline text preprocessing and analysis, making it a favorite among researchers and statisticians.
For those seeking a comprehensive platform for text mining, options like RapidMiner and KNIME offer drag-and-drop interfaces that simplify the entire process. These platforms integrate a range of text mining techniques and tools, making them accessible to individuals with varying technical backgrounds.
A groundbreaking development in recent years is the rise of Transformers, courtesy of Hugging Face. This library leverages deep learning to perform advanced tasks such as language translation, text generation, and sentiment analysis. The pre-trained models within Transformers, such as BERT and GPT-3, have propelled the capabilities of text mining to new heights, enabling machines to understand and generate text that’s astonishingly human-like.
Applications Of Text Mining
1. Social Media Analysis
The applications of text mining are as diverse as the industries it serves. Social media analysis is a prime example. By employing sentiment analysis, businesses can gauge public opinion about their products or services. This real-time insight allows for swift adjustments to marketing strategies or product offerings, all based on the collective voice of the online community.
2. Healthcare
Beyond marketing, the healthcare sector has tapped into the potential of text mining. Doctors and researchers can sift through extensive clinical notes and medical literature to detect patterns and extract relevant information. This, in turn, aids in more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment plans.
3. Text Mining In Legal Domain
In the legal domain, it has simplified e-discovery, the process of identifying relevant legal documents during litigation. Additionally, contract analysis has been streamlined through automated extraction of crucial terms and conditions. This not only saves time but also reduces the risk of oversight.
4. News And Media
News and media outlets also benefit from text mining by predicting trends. By analyzing vast amounts of news articles, blogs, and social media posts, journalists can identify emerging topics and shifts in public interest. This foresight ensures that content remains relevant and engaging.
5. Education And Research
Text mining’s influence extends to academia and research, where researchers can sift through extensive databases of scholarly articles to uncover hidden connections, identify knowledge gaps, and generate new hypotheses. This democratization of information fosters innovation and accelerates the pace of discovery.
Challenges And Limitations Of Text Mining
While text mining holds immense promise, it’s not without its challenges. The nuances of language, including sarcasm, irony, and context, can confound even the most advanced algorithms. Humans have an innate ability to understand the subtleties of language, but teaching machines to do the same requires sophisticated models and training.
Bias is another concern in text mining. Biased training data can lead to biased results, perpetuating stereotypes and skewing analyses. Ensuring that text mining processes are ethically grounded and that datasets are representative and diverse is crucial to producing fair and accurate insights.
Additionally, it raises privacy and security issues. Extracting information from documents can inadvertently reveal sensitive data. Striking a balance between analysis and safeguarding personal or confidential information is a delicate endeavor.
Future Trends
The future of text mining is brimming with exciting possibilities. Deep learning, a subset of machine learning, continues to drive innovation in natural language processing. Advanced models like GPT-3 can generate text that is remarkably human-like, raising the bar for the quality of text mining results.
Multilingual text analysis is another frontier. As businesses and research become increasingly global, the ability to analyze text in multiple languages will be a game-changer. Breakthroughs in this area will facilitate cross-cultural communication and understanding.
Final Words About Text Mining
Text mining stands as a testament to the marriage of language and technology. By extracting insights from the vast sea of unstructured text, this technique empowers industries to make data-driven decisions with newfound accuracy. From understanding customer sentiments to diagnosing medical conditions, text mining is shaping the future of information analysis. As we navigate challenges and harness the potential of emerging technologies, the world of text mining is poised to evolve further, unveiling deeper insights and sparking unprecedented innovations.
Read More:
Data Mining: A Comprehensive Guide To Unveiling The Hidden Gems
جواب دیں
آپ کا ای میل ایڈریس شائع نہیں کیا جائے گا۔ ضروری خانوں کو * سے نشان زد کیا گیا ہے | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
A landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities if the segregated facilities were equal in quality. It's widely regarded as one of the worst decisions in U.S. Supreme Court history.
1898 · War with the Spanish
After the explosion of the USS Maine in the Havana Harbor in Cuba, the United States engaged the Spanish in war. The war was fought on two fronts, one in Cuba, which helped gain their independence, and in the Philippines, which helped the US gain another territory for a time.
1953 · Ohio state oficially admitted into the Union
President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed a law recognizing that Ohio was admitted into the Union, since it had previously slipped through the cracks. The official date of admittance was agreed upon as March 1, 1803, ratified as of May 19, 1953. | FINEWEB-EDU |
SUSX-TH/01-025
Supersymmetry and Electroweak Leptonic Observables
[10mm] Oleg Lebedev and Will Loinaz
[6mm] Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
[4mm] Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst MA 01002, USA
[4mm]
Abstract
[3mm]
We study vertex corrections to the leptonic electroweak observables in the general MSSM at . In particular, we address the question of whether supersymmetry can be responsible for the observed deviation from the Standard Model prediction in the invisible width of the . We find that the presence of a light (around 100 GeV) chargino and sleptons hinted by the -2 measurements makes the agreement with experiment slightly better and improves the electroweak fit.
1 Introduction
The recent BNL measurements of the muon anomalous magnetic moment have bolstered interest in supersymmetric models [1]. These measurements appear to deviate from Standard Model (SM) predictions by 2.6 [2]. A conclusive statement can be made only after sufficient statistics have been accumulated and the status of the SM theoretical uncertainties has been determined unambiguously [3]. However, should this deviation persist and its error shrink, new physics would be required to explain it. Among the candidate models for new physics, supersymmetric models seem most promising [2].
In addition to this possible deviation, there are a number of other discrepancies of similar size between the SM predictions and the experimental values of the electroweak observables. In particular, there is a more long-standing “anomaly” [4],[5] which manifests in a deviation of the combined left-right asymmetry in decays measured at LEP and SLD from the SM prediction. It has been argued that such a discrepancy is unlikely to be a result of a statistical deviation (see e.g. the work of Chanowitz in Ref.[4]). The possibility of supersymmetric origin of this “anomaly” will be pursued in a subsequent paper. In addition, there is a deviation in the invisible width of the Z boson [5], which appears as a deviation of the effective number of neutrinos from three:
(1)
Implications of these results for various models of new physics have been considered in Refs.[6]-[9]. In particular, it was found that models with R-parity violating interactions [6], two Higgs doublet models at large [7], models with large extra dimensions [8], and models with an extra gauge [9] not only fail to mitigate but in fact exacerbate the problem by generating radiative corrections of the “wrong” sign. This observation has resulted in stringent constraints on such models.
In this study we analyze the effect of R-conserving supersymmetry on electroweak leptonic observables and, in particular, the invisible width of the Z boson. Motivated by the supersymmetric explanation of the BNL -2 “anomaly”, our study is focused on the question whether or not the Z invisible width “anomaly” can be explained with the same mechanism. In our analysis we perform a global fit to all relevant electroweak leptonic observables such as the R-parameters
(2)
the left-right asymmetries
(3)
and the forward-backward asymmetries
(4)
where are the couplings and . The deviation in is related to the deviation in . We remark that is not measured directly but rather calculated from the Z-line-shape observables. In principle, could be affected by SUSY contributions to ; for example, a light bottom squark may improve agreement with experiment [10]. In this work, we concentrate exclusively on the leptonic sector.
We isolate the effect of the vertex corrections which are sensitive to the lepton/chargino-neutralino sector of the MSSM. The oblique corrections are parameterized in our fit but not used to constrain the model due to their significant model-dependence, e.g. they depend sensitively on the Higgs sector, squark masses, etc. In addition, we let float in our fit since its SM value is extracted from . This strategy has been used previously and proven useful in placing generic constraints on complicated models of new physics [6]-[9]. We incorporate the electroweak data reported during summer 2000 conferences in our numerical analysis.
We present general formulae for the vertex corrections in terms of the low-energy quantities such as the chargino masses and mixings, left and right slepton masses, etc. We then impose the condition of the radiative electroweak symmetry breaking and analyze the GUT scale MSSM parameters which improve the electroweak fit. However, we stress that our conclusions are independent of the assumptions about the high energy structure of the theory and can be formulated purely in terms of the low energy quantities.
An analysis which addresses a somewhat similar question but with an emphasis on the effect of the oblique corrections has recently appeared in Ref.[11]. We also find a partial overlap with earlier work [12]. Earlier calculations of one-loop vertex corrections in the MSSM may be found, e.g., in Ref.[13].
The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 we present our SUSY framework. In section 3 we calculate the supersymmetric vertex corrections and study the decoupling behavior of the SUSY contributions. In section 4 we discuss the fit and our numerical results, and in sectio 5 we make concluding remarks. In the Appendix we list our conventions and relevant Passarino-Veltman functions.
2 Supersymmetric Framework
We will study supersymmetric models with the following superpotential
(5)
and the high energy scale soft breaking potential
where denotes all the scalars of the theory which transform under SU(2) as doublets (singlets). We generally allow for nonuniversal gaugino and scalar masses. Note that as a result of the SU(2) symmetry different isospin components of the doublets have the same soft masses at the high energy scale, whereas there is no similar requirement for the singlets. At low energies this degeneracy will be broken by the electroweak effects.
In what follows we use , , , as input parameters and obtain low energy quantities via the MSSM renormalization group equations (RGE) given in Ref.[14]. We also assume radiative electroweak symmetry breaking, i.e. that the magnitude of the parameter is given (at tree level) by
(7)
The phase of () is an input parameter and is RG-invariant.
At low energies the charged gauginos and higgsinos mix, leading to the following mass matrix (we follow the conventions of Ref.[15]; however, we correct their sign error in the superpotential)
This matrix is diagonalized by a biunitary transformation
(8)
where and are unitary matrices. The mass eigenvalues are defined to be non-negative and .
Similarly, for neutralinos we have
This symmetric matrix is diagonalized by a unitary matrix ,
(9)
where again the eigenvalues are defined to be non-negative and . The chargino and neutralino spinors can be split into the left and right components in the usual way:
(10)
Concerning the slepton spectrum, the “left” and “right” charged sleptons also mix at low energies. However, their mixing is proportional to the lepton masses and is negligible unless is very large. Neglecting lepton masses, the low energy mass eigenstates are:
(11)
where and are the mass parameters appearing in the low energy analog of Eq.(2).
3 SUSY Vertex Corrections
In this paper we will concentrate on . It is quite difficult to achieve radiative electroweak symmetry breaking for greater , so such an assumption can be justified. At the gauge couplings dominate the lepton Yukawa couplings, so only the gaugino parts of the charginos and neutralinos couple to leptons with an appreciable strength. In addition, one can neglect the left-right slepton mixing in this regime (as will be clear below, each relevant diagram would require two left-right mass insertions, so the effect of this mixing is further suppressed).
We perform our calculations using the two-component spinor technique (see the Appendix for the notation and conventions). The result is expressed as a correction to the tree level coupling defined by
(12)
with
(13)
Neglecting the lepton Yukawa couplings, we have the following SUSY interactions***This corrects an error in Ref.[15] in the expression for the neutralino coupling to right-handed leptons (C77), i.e. should be .[15]
(14)
Here and are the lepton isospin and charge, respectively, and the superscript stands for a charge conjugated spinor. The vertex structures are given by
(15)
These interactions are to be expressed in terms of the two-component spinors. The implementation is trivial for all interactions except for , which becomes
(16)
We remark that denotes a Dirac spinor with a positive charge (not to be confused with a hermitian conjugated spinor).
The Z-- coupling can be simplified by taking advantage of the Majorana nature of the neutralino. For Majorana spinors and we have
(17)
Using this identity as well as , we obtain
(18)
3.1 Chargino Contributions
In this subsection we list expressions for Feynman diagrams containing charginos in the loop. Since the higgsino coupling to leptons can be neglected at , the charginos induce corrections to the left-handed couplings only. Below we present our results in terms of the corrections to the tree level Z-- couplings .
(19)
Definitions of the and functions can be found in Appendix B. We note that in addition to Fig. 1d there is another wave function renormalization diagram with the loop on the outgoing electron leg. The corresponding correction is the same as for the diagram in Fig. 1d, so we do not list it separately. The contribution of the wave function renormalization diagrams to the total correction comes with a factor of 1/2, so in effect the total correction is simply given by a sum of individual contributions in Eq.(19). The analogous contribution to the (left-handed) neutrino final state is
(20)
The resulting total corrections are
(21)
(22)
These corrections are finite as they should be. This can be seen from the relations
(23)
and the fact while and are finite.
3.2 Neutralino Contributions
Because of their bino component, neutralinos induce corrections to both the left and right couplings of the leptons. Starting with the correction to the right-handed charged lepton coupling, we have
(24)
The corrections to the left-handed charged lepton coupling are given by
(25)
Finally, the neutrino coupling corrections are
(26)
The total corrections are given by
(27)
(28)
(29) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
District No. 1 Schoolhouse
District No. 1 Schoolhouse may refer to:
* District No. 1 Schoolhouse (Fryeburg, Maine), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Oxford County, Maine
* District No. 1 Schoolhouse (Somerset, Vermont), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Windham County, Vermont | WIKI |
Forget Pumpkin Spice, Try a Pumpkin Whoopie Pie
Front Burner Tico’s, a bakery in Lancaster, Pa., sells versions of the treat adapted from a family recipe. The origin of the whoopie pie, that sandwich of chocolate cake with a cream filling, is open to debate. Maine? Massachusetts? Pennsylvania? Tico’s, a bakery in Lancaster County, Pa., that has been baking them from a family recipe on and off since the 1930s, is now selling them online. In addition to the original chocolate, they sell chocolate with peanut butter, red velvet, and pumpkin that’s mellow and not aggressively spiced. They’re made with stuff you’re likely to have in your kitchen. Tico’s Whoopies, $24.95 for four, $54.95 a dozen, Tico’s Family Bakery, ticoswhoopies.com. Follow NYT Food on Twitter and NYT Cooking on Instagram, Facebook and Pinterest. Get regular updates from NYT Cooking, with recipe suggestions, cooking tips and shopping advice. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Baidoo nana lartey
Baidoo Nana Lartey a student from Pope John Senior high school Positions held in school: -Editor-In-Chief -President of the Civic Education Club -Head of the department of resaech | WIKI |
User:Landitore58/sandbox
Samuele Landi
Samuele Landi (21 August 1965 - 2 February 2024) was an Italian computer programmer, businessman, Liberian diplomat and Seasteading pioneer. He founded the Italian telecom's giant Eutelia. His company quickly rose to become the 4th largest provider in Italy, winning contracts related to national defence. Landi's fortunes plummeted in the financial crisis of 2007-2008. In 2008 he was accused of fraudulent bankruptcy totalling $330 million euros. After he became aware of his arrest warrant he left Italy never to return.
In 2016 he was made the Liberian consul general to the UAE, by Liberian president George Weah. He oversaw the creation of the Liberian embassy. In Dubai he created a new company, securephone.ai which sold military grade encrypted mobile phones. He was an IT advisor to the company Blue Carbon, a carbon credit company under the patronage of Sheikh Ahmed Dalmook Al Maktoum. Which has secured rights to a land area in Africa larger than the UK, including 10% of Liberia.
Then on 22nd December 2022, Landi bought a 72m shipping container barge and moved out to International waters between Dubai and Iran to create a Seastead. He lived there for over a year until 2nd February 2024, when a storm destroyed his project. Two of the five living on Landi's platform survived. A body was washed on in Dubai, but his lawyer said the results would never be made public. Fuelling rumours in the Italian media that Landi had faked his own death.
Early Life
Samuele Landi was born in Arezzo. He competed in four Paris Dakar rallies.
Ventures
Plug.It Samuele Landi founded Plug.it in 1998, an internet service provider that provided Premium telephone services aimed at both business and consumers. Plug.it provided paid professional services for access to banks data from Il Sole 24 Ore as well as phone services for the consumer market, such as: adult services, horoscopes, weather services and other similar services.
Plug.It grew to a turnover of 217 million euros and a profit of 6.7 million in 2002. In 2003 it had a turn over of 300 million euros a year.
In August 2003, Plug.it acquired for 137 million euros EdisonTel SpA Eutelia SpA, a company founded in April 2000 as a subsidiary of Edison to offer voice services, internet services and data transmission, bringing with it 5,000km of fiber optic network infrastructure. Adding to the 1,500 km already owned by Plug.it. The combination of the two companies brings the group turnover of approximately 600 million euros.
Eutelia SpA
On March 2, 2004 Plug.It and EdisonTel merged into a single corporate entity, called Eutelia SpA. By 2008 Eutelia had a workforce of 2200 and a fibre optic cable network of over 13,000 km.
1 click VPN Samuele created VPN One Click the first VPN on the app store.
Philanthropy
Landi funded orphanages across the Congo.
In the media
The British filmmaker Oswald Horowitz, lived on Landi's seastead before in sank and is making a film about it. | WIKI |
How to tune in a satellite for Hotbird channels
Siri Stafford/Digital Vision/Getty Images
The Hotbird satellite transmits hundreds of free-to-air and subscription satellite television and radio channels across Europe and North Africa.
To view Hotbird channels in the United Kingdom, you’ll need a satellite receiver connected to a satellite dish pointing at the transmitting satellite’s 13 degrees east position in the sky. You can tune in the satellite receiver to Hotbird channels by accessing the “Setup” menu with the receiver’s remote control handset.
Switch on your TV set and satellite receiver. Tune the TV set to the correct channel for viewing the satellite receiver’s output.
Press the “Menu” key on the satellite television receiver’s remote control handset. Push the remote control’s “Up” and “Down” arrow buttons to select the “Setup” option.
• The Hotbird satellite transmits hundreds of free-to-air and subscription satellite television and radio channels across Europe and North Africa.
• You can tune in the satellite receiver to Hotbird channels by accessing the “Setup” menu with the receiver’s remote control handset.
Scroll to the “Tuning,” “Channel Scan” or “Add Channels” option. This label will vary depending on the make and model of the satellite receiver. Click the “OK” button on the remote control unit to select this option.
Scroll to and select “Hotbird 13°E” or “13°E” in the list of available satellites. Your satellite receiver will automatically display the list of satellites that you can receive. Wait for the satellite receiver to scan the Hotbird satellite for all available television and radio channels.
Select “Save all Channels” or “Save” from the onscreen prompt when the receiver completes the scan. This adds Hotbird channels to your receiver’s electronic program guide. Power down and restart the satellite receiver.
• Scroll to the “Tuning,” “Channel Scan” or “Add Channels” option.
• Select “Save all Channels” or “Save” from the onscreen prompt when the receiver completes the scan.
× | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Vande Mataram (1985 film)
Vande Mataram is a 1985 Indian Telugu-language film written and directed by T. Krishna, and produced Krishna Chitra. It stars Vijayashanti and Rajasekhar, with music composed by Chakravarthy. The film is the debut of actor Rajasekhar into the Telugu film industry.
The popular song Vandemataram in the film, written by C. Narayana Reddy was first written much earlier, published in a magazine, made popular by singers of Praja Natya Mandali. The singer Srinivas who sang the song was later called Vandemataram Srinivas. The film won two Nandi Awards.
Cast
* Vijayashanti as Shanthi
* Dr. Rajashekar as Satyam
* Rajendra Prasad as Dr.G. N. Kal /Nukaal
* Suthi Veerabhadra Rao
* Suthi Velu as Lakchanna
* Sakshi Ranga Rao as Brahmaiah
* P. L. Narayana as Manikyam
* Narra Venkateswara Rao as Eeswaraiah
* Saikumar
* Sai Chand as Maridaiah
* Benerjee
* Ramaraju
* Bhimeswara Rao as Bhushanam
* Chitti Babu as Papaiah
* Ramana Reddy
* Muthyala Subbaiah
* Pushpa Kumari
* Dubbing Janaki as Mahalakshmi
* Lakshmi Priya
* Shaheeda
* Bindu Madhavi
* Devi as Seetalu
* Vaani as Kamalamma
* Nirmalamma as Satyam's grandmother
* Jayamalini as item number
* Anuradha as item number
Soundtrack
Music composed by Chakravarthy. Lyrics were written by C. Narayana Reddy, Dasam Gopalakrishna (Allatappa) and Adrushta Deepak (Naa Peru Palleturu). Music released on AVM Audio Company.
Awards
* Nandi Awards
* Third Best Feature Film - Bronze - Y. Anil Babu
* Best Supporting Actor - Suthivelu | WIKI |
CentOS 7 : ModemManager / NetworkManager / NetworkManager-libreswan / network-manager-applet (CESA-2015:2315)
Medium Nessus Plugin ID 87149
Synopsis
The remote CentOS host is missing one or more security updates.
Description
Updated NetworkManager packages that fix two security issues, several bugs, and add various enhancements are now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having Moderate security impact. Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base scores, which give detailed severity ratings, are available for each vulnerability from the CVE links in the References section.
NetworkManager is a system network service that manages network devices and connections.
It was discovered that NetworkManager would set device MTUs based on MTU values received in IPv6 RAs (Router Advertisements), without sanity checking the MTU value first. A remote attacker could exploit this flaw to create a denial of service attack, by sending a specially crafted IPv6 RA packet to disturb IPv6 communication. (CVE-2015-0272)
A flaw was found in the way NetworkManager handled router advertisements. An unprivileged user on a local network could use IPv6 Neighbor Discovery ICMP to broadcast a non-route with a low hop limit, causing machines to lower the hop limit on existing IPv6 routes. If this limit is small enough, IPv6 packets would be dropped before reaching the final destination. (CVE-2015-2924)
The network-manager-applet and NetworkManager-libreswan packages have been upgraded to upstream versions 1.0.6, and provide a number of bug fixes and enhancements over the previous versions. (BZ#1177582, BZ#1243057)
Bugs :
* It was not previously possible to set the Wi-Fi band to the 'a' or 'bg' values to lock to a specific frequency band. NetworkManager has been fixed, and it now sets the wpa_supplicant's 'freq_list' option correctly, which enables proper Wi-Fi band locking. (BZ#1254461)
* NetworkManager immediately failed activation of devices that did not have a carrier early in the boot process. The legacy network.service then reported activation failure. Now, NetworkManager has a grace period during which it waits for the carrier to appear. Devices that have a carrier down for a short time on system startup no longer cause the legacy network.service to fail. (BZ#1079353)
* NetworkManager brought down a team device if the teamd service managing it exited unexpectedly, and the team device was deactivated.
Now, NetworkManager respawns the teamd instances that disappear and is able to recover from a teamd failure avoiding disruption of the team device operation. (BZ#1145988)
* NetworkManager did not send the FQDN DHCP option even if host name was set to FQDN. Consequently, Dynamic DNS (DDNS) setups failed to update the DNS records for clients running NetworkManager. Now, NetworkManager sends the FQDN option with DHCP requests, and the DHCP server is able to create DNS records for such clients. (BZ#1212597)
* The command-line client was not validating the vlan.flags property correctly, and a spurious warning message was displayed when the nmcli tool worked with VLAN connections. The validation routine has been fixed, and the warning message no longer appears. (BZ#1244048)
* NetworkManager did not propagate a media access control (MAC) address change from a bonding interface to a VLAN interface on top of it. Consequently, a VLAN interface on top of a bond used an incorrect MAC address. Now, NetworkManager synchronizes the addresses correctly.
(BZ#1264322)
Enhancements :
* IPv6 Privacy extensions are now enabled by default. NetworkManager checks the per-network configuration files, NetworkManager.conf, and then falls back to '/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/default/use_tempaddr' to determine and set IPv6 privacy settings at device activation.
(BZ#1187525)
* The NetworkManager command-line tool, nmcli, now allows setting the wake-on-lan property to 0 ('none', 'disable', 'disabled').
(BZ#1260584)
* NetworkManager now provides information about metered connections.
(BZ#1200452)
* NetworkManager daemon and the connection editor now support setting the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of a bond. It is now possible to change MTU of a bond interface in a GUI. (BZ#1177582, BZ#1177860)
* NetworkManager daemon and the connection editor now support setting the MTU of a team, allowing to change MTU of a teaming interface.
(BZ#1255927)
NetworkManager users are advised to upgrade to these updated packages, which correct these issues and add these enhancements.
Solution
Update the affected packages.
See Also
http://www.nessus.org/u?de82efed
http://www.nessus.org/u?a75fb47f
http://www.nessus.org/u?2307d9db
http://www.nessus.org/u?50f64ade
Plugin Details
Severity: Medium
ID: 87149
File Name: centos_RHSA-2015-2315.nasl
Version: 2.7
Type: local
Agent: unix
Published: 2015/12/02
Updated: 2020/01/02
Dependencies: 12634
Risk Information
Risk Factor: Medium
CVSS Score Source: CVE-2015-0272
CVSS v2.0
Base Score: 5
Temporal Score: 3.7
Vector: CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P
Temporal Vector: CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C
Vulnerability Information
CPE: p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:ModemManager, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:ModemManager-devel, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:ModemManager-glib, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:ModemManager-glib-devel, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:ModemManager-vala, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-adsl, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-bluetooth, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-config-routing-rules, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-config-server, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-devel, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-glib, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-glib-devel, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-libnm, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-libnm-devel, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-libreswan, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-libreswan-gnome, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-team, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-tui, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-wifi, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:NetworkManager-wwan, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:libnm-gtk, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:libnm-gtk-devel, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:network-manager-applet, p-cpe:/a:centos:centos:nm-connection-editor, cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
Required KB Items: Host/local_checks_enabled, Host/CentOS/release, Host/CentOS/rpm-list
Exploit Available: false
Exploit Ease: No known exploits are available
Patch Publication Date: 2015/11/30
Vulnerability Publication Date: 2015/11/16
Reference Information
CVE: CVE-2015-0272, CVE-2015-2924
RHSA: 2015:2315 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Lost Crowes
The Lost Crowes is a compilation album by American rock band The Black Crowes. The two-disc compilation comprises material composed and recorded during the Tall and Band sessions in 1993 and 1997, respectively. Many of the songs on Tall were early versions of songs that later appeared the 1994 album Amorica, with one appearing on the 1996 album Three Snakes and One Charm.
The album Band was recorded in 1997 but never released. In its place the band recorded and released By Your Side in 1998.
Originally, the Lost Crowes was slated to be released in late August 2006, but was pushed back to September 26 due to a manufacturing error in which the disc art for the two albums was reversed.
Personnel
The Black Crowes
* Chris Robinson – vocals
* Rich Robinson – guitar
* Marc Ford – guitar
* Johnny Colt – bass
* Steve Gorman – drums
* Eddie Harsch – keyboards
Production
* Ian Cooper – mastering
* The Black Crowes – producer
* Shaun Grove – engineer (1997 sessions)
* Kevin Harp – digital transfer engineer
* Chris Harrison – mixer
* David Leonard – engineer (1997 sessions)
* Howell Luther – assistant engineer (1997 sessions)
* Vincent Marshel – assistant engineer (1997 sessions)
* Jim Mitchell – engineer (1994 sessions)
* Sean Odwyer – assistant engineer (1994 sessions)
* Jamie Selway – mixer
* Paul Stacey – mixer (disc one only) | WIKI |
e-space
Manchester Metropolitan University's Research Repository
Characterisation and degradation study of historic polyolefin gas pipes
Zodros, Naima (2014) Characterisation and degradation study of historic polyolefin gas pipes. Masters thesis (MSc), Manchester Metropolitan University.
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Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) pipes are widely used by the water and gas industries to reline or replace corroded or leaking mains. PE pipe systems are designed on the basis of a 50-year service life. Polyethylene gas pipes were first introduced to the UK in 1969. Changes within the additives package of these new materials were frequent from this date. The additives package would also vary within the same material grade during manufacturing. This would lead to changes in the general properties of the PE pipes such as their pressure bearing capacity. The MSc thesis relates to work carried out on historic medium and high-density polyethylene gas pipes after almost 50 years of service. The work involves identification of the polyolefin grade used for these gas pipes and the study of their remaining lifetime. The project presents and discusses the results of an in-depth investigation into the characterisation and the degradation of the exhumed pipes. The degradation has been studied using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The identification work was conducted using DSC, Melt Flow Rate (MFR) and density measurements. The exposed outside surfaces of the polyethylene pipes (the remaining faces of the samples were masked with silicone elastomer) were aged in water at various temperatures. The depletion of antioxidants from the exposed face as a function of ageing time in water was monitored by conducting Oxidation Induction Time (OIT) of thin samples cut from the exposed face. Previous work showed that this relationship could be used to predict the residual lifetime of a modern blue PE100 water pipe1. However, this was found to be untrue for the historic gas pipes, due to the high variability of OIT results before exposure masking / confounding any potential changes. Medium and high-density PE were differentiated using well established analytical methods such as MFR and density. The medium-density Polyethylene grades were differentiated using a recently introduced DSC technique known as Stepwise Isothermal Segregation (SIS) which was performed on the DSC instrument. In this study the sample mass normalised SIS data was treated in a novel way in attempt to simplify the data. The method involved taking the first derivative of the sample mass normalised SIS data. This approach led to improved resolution of crystal structures of differing lamellar thickness than possible using the original sample mass normalised SIS data. The SIS technique was proven to be an efficient identification technique. It was possible to obtain reliable fingerprints for each type of PE and material grade using this technique. The degradation study conducted on the unexposed old gas pipe materials using OIT, and FTIR indicated that significant amounts of antioxidants were still remaining in the pipe. However, as assessment of the mechanical performance was beyond the scope of this study, it is not possible to confirm that these old pipes are still fit for service. The OIT data for samples taken around the circumference of the pipe showed a high level of variability as did OIT data for samples taken along the length of the pipe. This variability in stability clearly indicates very poor distribution of stabilisers during manufacture and probably points to early use of a rudimentary masterbatch. Therefore it was not unexpected that the variability in OIT data was even higher after hydrothermal ageing. The scatter in the data was so severe that it was not possible to determine the residual lifetime of the pipes.
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Neuroregeneration
Neuroregeneration involves the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Neuroregenerative mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms involved, especially in the extent and speed of repair. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.
Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. Spinal cord injuries alone affect an estimated 10,000 people each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury.
The nervous system is divided by neurologists into two parts: the central nervous system (which consists of the brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia). While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is no treatment for recovering human nerve-function after injury to the central nervous system. Multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
Peripheral nervous system regeneration
Neuroregeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) occurs to a significant degree. After an injury to the axon, peripheral neurons activate a variety of signaling pathways which turn on pro-growth genes, leading to reformation of a functional growth cone and regeneration. The growth of these axons is also governed by chemotactic factors secreted from Schwann cells. Injury to the peripheral nervous system immediately elicits the migration of phagocytes, Schwann cells, and macrophages to the lesion site in order to clear away debris such as damaged tissue which is inhibitory to regeneration. When a nerve axon is severed, the end still attached to the cell body is labeled the proximal segment, while the other end is called the distal segment. After injury, the proximal end swells and experiences some retrograde degeneration, but once the debris is cleared, it begins to sprout axons and the presence of growth cones can be detected. The proximal axons are able to regrow as long as the cell body is intact, and they have made contact with the Schwann cells in the endoneurium (also known as the endoneurial tube or channel). Human axon growth rates can reach 2 mm/day in small nerves and 5 mm/day in large nerves. The distal segment, however, experiences Wallerian degeneration within hours of the injury; the axons and myelin degenerate, but the endoneurium remains. In the later stages of regeneration the remaining endoneurial tube directs axon growth back to the correct targets. During Wallerian degeneration, Schwann cells grow in ordered columns along the endoneurial tube, creating a band of Büngner cells that protects and preserves the endoneurial channel. Also, macrophages and Schwann cells release neurotrophic factors that enhance re-growth.
Central nervous system regeneration
Unlike peripheral nervous system injury, injury to the central nervous system is not followed by extensive regeneration. It is limited by the inhibitory influences of the glial and extracellular environment. The hostile, non-permissive growth environment is, in part, created by the migration of myelin-associated inhibitors, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursors, and microglia. The environment within the CNS, especially following trauma, counteracts the repair of myelin and neurons. Growth factors are not expressed or re-expressed; for instance, the extracellular matrix is lacking laminins. Glial scars rapidly form, and the glia actually produce factors that inhibit remyelination and axon repair; for instance, NOGO and NI-35. The axons themselves also lose the potential for growth with age, due to a decrease in GAP43 expression, among others.
Slower degeneration of the distal segment than that which occurs in the peripheral nervous system also contributes to the inhibitory environment because inhibitory myelin and axonal debris are not cleared away as quickly. All these factors contribute to the formation of what is known as a glial scar, which axons cannot grow across. The proximal segment attempts to regenerate after injury, but its growth is hindered by the environment. It is important to note that central nervous system axons have been proven to regrow in permissive environments; therefore, the primary problem to central nervous system axonal regeneration is crossing or eliminating the inhibitory lesion site. Another problem is that the morphology and functional properties of central nervous system neurons are highly complex, for this reason a neuron functionally identical cannot be replaced by one of another type (Llinás' law).
Inhibition of axonal regrowth
Glial cell scar formation is induced following damage to the nervous system. In the central nervous system, this glial scar formation significantly inhibits nerve regeneration, which leads to a loss of function. Several families of molecules are released that promote and drive glial scar formation. For instance, transforming growth factors B-1 and -2, interleukins, and cytokines play a role in the initiation of scar formation. The accumulation of reactive astrocytes at the site of injury and the up regulation of molecules that are inhibitory for neurite outgrowth contribute to the failure of neuroregeneration. The up-regulated molecules alter the composition of the extracellular matrix in a way that has been shown to inhibit neurite outgrowth extension. This scar formation involves several cell types and families of molecules.
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
In response to scar-inducing factors, astrocytes up regulate the production of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Astrocytes are a predominant type of glial cell in the central nervous system that provide many functions including damage mitigation, repair, and glial scar formation. The RhoA pathway is involved. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) have been shown to be up regulated in the central nervous system (CNS) following injury. Repeating disaccharides of glucuronic acid and galactosamine, glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs), are covalently coupled to the protein core CSPGs. CSPGs have been shown to inhibit regeneration in vitro and in vivo, but the role that the CSPG core protein vs. CS-GAGs had not been studied until recently.
Keratan sulfate proteoglycans
Like the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, keratan sulfate proteoglycan (KSPG) production is up regulated in reactive astrocytes as part of glial scar formation. KSPGs have also been shown to inhibit neurite outgrowth extension, limiting nerve regeneration. Keratan sulfate, also called keratosulfate, is formed from repeating disaccharide galactose units and N-acetylglucosamines. It is also 6-sulfated. This sulfation is crucial to the elongation of the keratan sulfate chain. A study was done using N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 deficient mice. The wild type mouse showed a significant up regulation of mRNA expressing N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 at the site of cortical injury. However, in the N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 deficient mice, the expression of keratan sulfate was significantly decreased when compared to the wild type mice. Similarly, glial scar formation was significantly reduced in the N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 mice, and as a result, nerve regeneration was less inhibited.
Other inhibitory factors
Proteins of oligodendritic or glial debris origin that influence neuroregeneration:
* NOGO –The protein family Nogo, particularly Nogo-A, has been identified as an inhibitor of remyelination in the CNS, especially in autoimmune mediated demyelination, such as found in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Nogo A functions via either its amino-Nogo terminus through an unknown receptor, or by its Nogo-66 terminus through NgR1, p75, TROY or LINGO1. Antagonising this inhibitor results in improved remyelination, as it is involved in the RhoA pathway.
* NI-35 a non-permissive growth factor from myelin.
* MAG –Myelin-associated glycoprotein acts via the receptors NgR2, GT1b, NgR1, p75, TROY and LINGO1.
* OMgp –Oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein
* Ephrin B3 functions through the EphA4 receptor and inhibits remyelination.
* Sema 4D(Semaphorin 4D) functions through the PlexinB1 receptor and inhibits remyelination.
* Sema 3A (Semaphorin 3A) is present in the scar that forms in both central nervous system and peripheral nerve injuries and contributes to the outgrowth-inhibitory properties of these scars
in vivo glias to neurons reprogramming
Transcription factors, activation of genes (using CRISPR activation ) or small molecules are used to reprogram glias into neurons.
The most commonly targeted glias are astrocytes (usually using GFAP) because they share the same lineage as neurons and region—specific transcription signatures, while the vector used is typically an adeno-associated virus because some serotypes pass the blood brain barrier and it does not cause disease.
Targeted genes usually depend on the type of neuron sought; (NGN2 is known to produce glutamatergic, ASCL1: GABAergic...); RBPJ-k blocks the Notch pathway and elicits a neurogenic program and Sox2 can also increase reprograming efficiency by causing a dedifferentiation and self-amplification phase before maturating as neurons.
While theses techniques show lot of promise in animal models for many otherwise incurable neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries, no clinical trials have started as of 2023.
Surgery
Surgery can be done in case a peripheral nerve has become cut or otherwise divided. This is called peripheral nerve reconstruction. The injured nerve is identified and exposed so that normal nerve tissue can be examined above and below the level of injury, usually with magnification, using either loupes or an operating microscope. If a large segment of nerve is harmed, as can happen in a crush or stretch injury, the nerve will need to be exposed over a larger area. Injured portions of the nerve are removed. The cut nerve endings are then carefully reapproximated using very small sutures. The nerve repair must be covered by healthy tissue, which can be as simple as closing the skin or it can require moving skin or muscle to provide healthy padded coverage over the nerve. The type of anesthesia used depends on the complexity of the injury. A surgical tourniquet is almost always used.
Prognosis
The expectations after surgical repair of a divided peripheral nerve depends on several factors:
* Age: Recovery of a nerve after surgical repair depends mainly on the age of the patient. Young children can recover close-to-normal nerve function. In contrast, a patient over 60 years old with a cut nerve in the hand would expect to recover only protective sensation; that is, the ability to distinguish hot/cold or sharp/dull.
* The mechanism of injury: Sharp injuries, such as a knife wound, damage only a very short segment of the nerve, availing for direct suture. In contrast, nerves that are divided by stretch or crush may be damaged over long segments. These nerve injuries are more difficult to treat and generally have a poorer outcome. In addition, associated injuries, like injury to bone, muscle and skin, can make nerve recovery more difficult.
* The level of injury: After a nerve is repaired, the regenerating nerve endings must grow all the way to their target. For example, a nerve injured at the wrist that normally provides sensation to the thumb must grow to the end of the thumb in order to provide sensation. The return of function decreases with increased distance over which a nerve must grow.
Autologous nerve grafting
Currently, autologous nerve grafting, or a nerve autograft, is known as the gold standard for clinical treatments used to repair large lesion gaps in the peripheral nervous system. It is important that nerves are not repaired under tension, which could otherwise happen if cut ends are reapproximated across a gap. Nerve segments are taken from another part of the body (the donor site) and inserted into the lesion to provide endoneurial tubes for axonal regeneration across the gap. However, this is not a perfect treatment; often the outcome is only limited function recovery. Also, partial de-innervation is frequently experienced at the donor site, and multiple surgeries are required to harvest the tissue and implant it.
When appropriate, a nearby donor may be used to supply innervation to lesioned nerves. Trauma to the donor can be minimized by utilizing a technique known as end-to-side repair. In this procedure, an epineurial window is created in the donor nerve and the proximal stump of the lesioned nerve is sutured over the window. Regenerating axons are redirected into the stump. Efficacy of this technique is partially dependent upon the degree of partial neurectomy performed on the donor, with increasing degrees of neurectomy giving rise to increasing axon regeneration within the lesioned nerve, but with the consequence of increasing deficit to the donor.
Some evidence suggests that local delivery of soluble neurotrophic factors at the site of autologous nerve grafting may enhance axon regeneration within the graft and help expedite functional recovery of a paralyzed target. Other evidence suggests that gene-therapy induced expression of neurotrophic factors within the target muscle itself can also help enhance axon regeneration. Accelerating neuroregeneration and the reinnervation of a denervated target is critically important in order to reduce the possibility of permanent paralysis due to muscular atrophy.
Allografts and xenografts
Variations on the nerve autograft include the allograft and the xenograft. In allografts, the tissue for the graft is taken from another person, the donor, and implanted in the recipient. Xenografts involve taking donor tissue from another species. Allografts and xenografts have the same disadvantages as autografts, but in addition, tissue rejection from immune responses must also be taken into account. Often immunosuppression is required with these grafts. Disease transmission also becomes a factor when introducing tissue from another person or animal. Overall, allografts and xenografts do not match the quality of outcomes seen with autografts, but they are necessary when there is a lack of autologous nerve tissue.
Nerve guidance conduit
Because of the limited functionality received from autografts, the current gold standard for nerve regeneration and repair, recent neural tissue engineering research has focused on the development of bioartificial nerve guidance conduits in order to guide axonal regrowth. The creation of artificial nerve conduits is also known as entubulation because the nerve ends and intervening gap are enclosed within a tube composed of biological or synthetic materials.
Immunisation
A direction of research is towards the use of drugs that target remyelinating inhibitor proteins, or other inhibitors. Possible strategies include vaccination against these proteins (active immunisation), or treatment with previously created antibodies (passive immunisation). These strategies appear promising on animal models with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS. Monoclonal antibodies have also been used against inhibitory factors such as NI-35 and NOGO. | WIKI |
Page:KeyOfHeaven.djvu/365
ALMIGHTY and eternal God, the perpetual salvation of them that believe, hear us for Thy sick servants, for whom we humbly crave the help of Thy mercy; that their health being restored to them, they may render thanks to Thee in Thy Church: through, etc.
XTEND unto Thy faithful, O Lord, the right hand of Thy heavenly succor, that they may seek Thee with all their hearts, and obtain of Thy mercy whatever is necessary to their condition: through, etc.
GOD, who, by the light of the Holy Ghost, hast instructed the hearts of the faithful; grant | WIKI |
École Secondaire Henri-Bourassa
École secondaire Henri-Bourassa is a Francophone public and mixed secondary school located in Montréal-Nord borough in Montreal. Part of the Centre de services scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'Île (CSSDM), it was originally in the catholic School board Commission des écoles catholiques de Montréal (CECM) before the 1998 reorganization of School boards from religious communities into linguistic communities in Quebec. In 2019, the school had 2,116 students and 100 teachers.
History
In 1967, the Ministère de l'Éducation (Québec) implement the concept of écoles polyvalentes arising from the Parent Commission Report published between 1963 and 1966. Two factors have contributed to the creation of those schools all over Quebec: baby-boomers and urban sprawl. This type of polyvalent schools involve two elements: general education and professional education. It is in this political context that the Polyvalente Henri-Bourassa was created and the school will be inaugurated in 1967. It formerly separated the girls and boys inside the school until 1970.
The school's name is linked to French Canadian politician and journalist Henri Bourassa. It was a symbolic act in 1967 to give the school a name that was not referring to a saint but for someone who was known as a free thinker and independent to set the will to enter in modern times. Also, many young teachers were hired being in contrast with the religious role at that time.
School and facilities
The school has 4 floors, is covered mainly with brown bricks with lots of windows and highlighted with a long modular panel in concrete on the side by Blain, Beaudoin, Bujold architects. The school is located on a public urban block where we can find, among other things, an elementary school, an arena, a fire station and Henri-Bourassa park with soccer and basketball fields. It was created under the concept of a school-park where the facilities can be shared between the School board and the borough. In addition to classrooms, the school has several gyms, a library, science labs, art workshops, a cafeteria and a cultural café. The school has 2 outdoor basketball courts, 4 tennis courts, a skatepark and a shared soccer pitch located in a nearby park.
In 2019, the Montreal-Nord borough, the Centre de services scolaire de la Pointe-de-l’Île and the City of Montreal announced the plans for the construction of a new 1000 m2 multifunctional pavilion for social activities and also a paddling pool and a water play area in the Henri-Bourassa school and park.
Programs
The school offers the regular program and the International Baccalaureate program. This school offers the International Baccalaureate program since 1999. This program allows student to develop world views, abilities, intellectual methods, sense of responsibility, team project competencies and global understanding of international issues. It stimulates their curiosity and open-mindedness to other cultures and their willingness to learn.
Culture
École secondaire Henri-Bourassa is known for its cultural diversity,the school welcomes students from various ethnic backgrounds. The cultural life of Henri-Bourassa is very rich, holding events and presentations of music, visual art, theatre, improvisational theatre, dance, fashion, literature, excellence gala and cultural trips. There is also a popular activity called English Club that is offered to secondary 1 and 2 students.
Sports
Whether they are competitive or recreative, sports are at the heart of Henri-Bourassa's activities. The school has 18 sport teams including basketball, flag football, futsal, soccer, athletics, cross-country, cheerleading, swimming and volleyball. Also, it is possible to do weight training, hockey cosom, badminton, ping-pong and, besides an outdoor club, a relay race between Montreal-Nord and Quebec. "Les Béliers" are their logo and symbol, and is an important source of pride, attachment and school identity among all cohorts.
Notable students
* Denis Coderre, former Member of Parliament and former mayor of the City of Montreal | WIKI |
安楽
Adjective
* 1) at ease and free from pain; content with a calm mind and body
Noun
* 1) ease; comfort | WIKI |
Conway spars with CNN host over Trump coverage
White House counselor Kellyanne Conway reignited the White House's bitter rivalry with CNN on Sunday, trading blows with host Brian Stelter over his network's coverage of the administration. During a contentious exchange on "Reliable Sources," CNN's media-centric weekend news show, Conway was asked about a new poll showing President Donald Trump's approval rating at a historic low for a president less than 10 months into his term, and what the White House planned to do about their "credibility crisis." Conway, who has sparred with several CNN personalities over the media's coverage of the president since Trump entered the West Wing in January, fired back against Stelter's "hyperbolic" line of questioning, accusing the network of refusing to cover policy matters and strong economic figures under Trump. "CNN used to be a place where people can tune in and get the news all day long. Now they get spin and people's opinion. And I think CNN should own it," Conway said. The White House counselor charged that it was in CNN's "commercial interest to be anti-Trump," and challenged them to "own it." “I understand that you don’t want an adversarial media,” Stelter fired back. “I guess you just want everybody to be like Fox News, state-run media.” Conway rebuffed the assertion, taunting Stelter over the network's ratings. "Stop being so jealous of Fox News, Brian, and their ratings,” Conway said. President Trump has frequently attacked CNN over its reporting of the White House, dubbing them the "Fake News Network" and openly sparring with their reporters during press conferences. "I like real news, you are fake news," Trump said to CNN White House correspondent Jim Acosta in August after being questioned about his response to the rioting in Charlottesville, Va., earlier that month. In July, Trump took his rhetorical war on the network to new heights, posting a short video on his account depicting himself body-slamming a wrestler whose head had been replaced by the logo for CNN. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Chavón River
False movie references removed
I've removed all mentions to Hollywood movies shot on the river, since no references were cited and those that were cited included no information in regards to what was stated. The mentioned movies (Rambo, Apocalypse Now, Jurassic Park) were not shot on or near the river, or even in the country, as can be seen by their imdb pages. Somebody must have made a joke or purposefully stated a falsehood. --The Singularity (talk) 00:19, 20 August 2018 (UTC)
Chavón As An Expletive In Puerto Rico
I've wondered about this but never heard anyone say anything about it. That is, anyone who is from Puerto Rico knows that the word chavón means a person who is an annoying pain in the butt. It's used as an expletive. The Dominicans know this too. Yet, somehow no one ever brings it up. It's a deafening silence, if you will. I would appreciate any comments from those in the know for my informal linguistic research on this question. It seems that it colors the reception of place names like Altos de Chavón, Río Chavón, etc. No offense is intended with this query.Godofredo29 (talk) 16:04, 14 June 2015 (UTC)
External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 22:54, 3 August 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Bitti Mohanty
Untitled
How does this article satisfy Wikipedia's notability guidelines?<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:44, 30 May 2013 (UTC)
Article is notable because
-so it is notable. Rayabhari (talk) 09:03, 31 May 2013 (UTC)
* It is one of the quickest trails completed in India : within 15 days, the punishment was awarded.
* The subject was absconding for more than six years.
* He is son of high profile police officer and absconded for such a long period | WIKI |
Will 2016 Be Wal-Mart Stores Inc.'s Best Year Yet?
Image source: The Motley Fool.
Wal-Mart is having a rough year in 2015: Shares of the retail juggernaut are down by almost 30% in the last 12 months on the back of disappointing sales performance in a tremendously challenging competitive landscape. On the other hand, the company seems to be taking steps in the right direction, and Wal-Mart stock looks attractively valued compared to competitors such as Costco and Target . Will 2016 be a big turnaround year for investors in Wal-Mart?
A brave new Wal-Mart
Discount retail is a remarkably aggressive business, and most industry players are willing to sell their products at big pricing discounts in order to protect market share in a savage competitive landscape. Making things worse, the rise of e-commerce is inflicting a lot of damage on traditional brick-and-mortar retailers, so most retailers are facing major difficulties when trying to generate sales growth.
Wal-Mart is no exception to the rule; the company has reported lackluster sales performance over the last several quarters. For the quarter ended on Oct. 31 Wal-Mart registered a 0.5% decline in total revenue. This was mostly due to currency headwinds, though, since sales in constant-currency grew 2.8% year over year. Comparable sales for Wal-Mart in the U.S. grew 1.5% on the back of a 1.7% increase in traffic during the period.
Nevertheless, there are some bright spots to consider. Wal-Mart is having considerable success with its neighborhood store format, comparable sales in this division grew by a vigorous 8% last quarter, reaching 19 consecutive quarters with positive growth in comparable sales for this segment. Gross merchandise value in e-commerce grew 10% year over year, and the company has managed to sustain comparable sales in the U.S. on positive ground for five consecutive quarters.
Perhaps more important, Wal-Mart is increasing its investments in people and technology to jump-start growth. This will clearly hurt profit margins; management calculates that increased investments will reduce operating profit by $1.5 billion in fiscal 2017. However, you sometimes need to forego short-term profits if you want to accelerate growth, and management is making a courageous decision by investing for future growth at the expense of current earnings.
The company believes that it can sustain sales growth in the range of 3% to 4% over the coming three years, this would amount to $45 to $60 billion in additional revenue. This kind of growth is nothing to write home about, but it would still be a major victory for Wal-Mart to prove that it can generate consistent sales figures over time.
Wal-Mart stock looks like a bargain
Wal-Mart is going through a challenging period, but that's old news at this stage. Most of the company's challenges are well-known and reflected in current stock prices. When comparing valuation ratios for Wal-Mart against competitors like Costco and Target, Wal-Mart is materially cheaper in terms of price-to-earnings ratios, price-to-sales, and dividend yield.
Data source: SEC filings and FinViz.
Costco is doing much better than Wal-Mart. The company is the leading player in the warehouse retail business model, and it has a more affluent customer base. Costco reported a 6% increase in constant currency revenue excluding gasoline price deflation during the 12-week period ended on Nov. 22, proving that Costco is clearly outperforming Wal-Mart by a considerable margin.
Target's financial performance is much more modest in comparison to the vigorous figures reported by Costco. Target announced a 1.9% increase in comparable-store sales during the quarter ended on Oct. 31, driven mostly by a 1.4% jump in traffic during the period. The figure was near the high end of the company's guidance, but Target is still delivering quite a lackluster performance on the top line.
Smart investment decisions are not just about picking the companies which are doing better than others. Financial performance and fundamental quality are undeniably very important, but valuation can play a big role in determining the returns available to investors. Wal-Mart is priced at dirt-cheap levels, and the company seems to be making progress in some important areas. If management can jump-start revenue growth in the middle term, 2016 could be a big positive year for investors in Wal-Mart stock.
The next billion-dollar iSecret
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The article Will 2016 Be Wal-Mart Stores Inc.'s Best Year Yet? originally appeared on Fool.com.
Andrés Cardenal has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Costco Wholesale. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days . We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
Copyright © 1995 - 2015 The Motley Fool, LLC. All rights reserved. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Circuit Idea/Op-amp Inverting Current-to-Voltage Converter
The text below is the comment that I wrote a few monts ago to the Bob Pease's article What's All This Transimpedance Amplifier Stuff, Anyhow? published in EDN.
-- Although the article is great, it does not show the basic idea behind the circuit in the introductory part; as a result, the readers "cannot see the forest for the trees". In order to really understand the circuit, they need to know what the op-amp really does there.
Actually, the idea is extremely simple and well-known from our human routine (maybe, because of that I needed years more to reveal it:). We frequently use this technique to "neutralize" some negative quantities by equivalent positive quantities and v.v. In the circuit of a transimpedance amplifier, the op-amp does exactly the same - it compensates the "harmful" voltage drop VRf across the resistor by an equivalent "antivoltage" Vout = -VRf; as a result, a virtual ground appears. For this purpose, it adds so much voltage in the circuit as it loses across the resistor R; in this way, it actually "helps" the input excitation voltage source, which creates the input current (note that the two voltage sources are connected in series, in one and the same direction - "- +, - +" - so that their voltages are added).
Finally, we use the compensating (op-amp) voltage as a "mirror" output (just like in life when we estimate indirectly some positive quantity by an equivalent negative "antiquantity" and v.v.). The advantages: first, the load is connected to the common ground; second, it consumes energy from the "helping" voltage source instead from the input source (so, it may be low-resistive enough). Maybe, some disadvantage is the inverted output.
All the circuits with parallel negative feedback (i.e., all the inverting op-amp circuits) exploit this idea. By the same way, the op-amp compensates the voltage drop across the capacitor in a charge amplifier and in an op-amp integrator, across a diode - in an op-amp logarithmic converter, etc.
If you want to know more about this topic and the basic ideas behind circuits, visit my site of www.circuit-fantasia.com and the Wikipedia pages about transimpedance amplifier, voltage-to-current converter, virtual ground and negative resistance.
Cyril
Circuit-fantasist (discuss • contribs) 16:00, 6 August 2013 (UTC)
-- | WIKI |
Datong, Yilan
Datong Township is a mountain indigenous township in the southwestern part of Yilan County, Taiwan. It is the second largest township in Yilan County after Nan'ao Township.
Geography
It is predominantly populated by Taiwanese aborigines of the Atayal Tribe. The township is dominated by rugged mountains and wide river valleys. Most settlements in the county are located along the Lanyang River valley which runs from the central mountains of Taiwan into the Lanyang Plain.
* Area: 657.54 km2
* Population: 6,042 people (September 2023)
Administration
The villages of Datong include Daping, Fuxing, Hanxi, Leshui, Lunpi, Mao'an, Nanshan, Siji, Songluo and Yingshi. It was formerly the "Aboriginal Area" of Ratō District, Taihoku Prefecture during Japanese rule.
Economy
Economic activities include trucking silt from the Lanyang River for use in cement production and cultivation of tea, cabbage and betel nut palms.
Infrastructure
* Qingshui Geothermal Power Plant
Tourist attractions
* Atayal Life Museum
* Cingshuei's Geothermal Square (清水地熱廣場)
* Hatonozawa Hot Spring (鳩之澤溫泉)
* Jiuliao River Ecological Park
* Lanyang River
* Mingchi National Forest Recreation Area
* Mount Taiping
* Qilan Forest Recreation Area
* Songluo National Trail
* Taipingshan Scenic Recreation Area
* Yulan Tea Cultivation Area | WIKI |
2009 World Baseball Classic championship
Championship Round of the 2009 World Baseball Classic was held at Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles, California, United States, from March 21 to 23, 2009.
Championship round was a single-elimination tournament. In the final, the team with the higher winning percentage of games in the tournament were to be the home team. If the teams competing in the final had identical winning percentages in the tournament, then World Baseball Classic, Inc. (WBCI) would conduct a coin flip or draw to determine the home team.
Results
* All times are Pacific Daylight Time (UTC−07:00).
Final − Japan 5, South Korea 3
South Korea won the coin flip held after the second semifinal between Japan and the United States, designating them as the home team for the final.
Japan drew first blood, scoring on a RBI single by Michihiro Ogasawara in the third inning. Shin-Soo Choo tied the score 1−all with a home run in the fifth inning. With runners on first and third, Hiroyuki Nakajima hit an RBI single to bring Seiichi Uchikawa home to give Japan the lead 2−1. South Korea failed to take advantage of Japanese pitcher Hisashi Iwakuma, who was visibly tired, when they failed to score in the seventh inning, when Iwakuma was relieved by Toshiya Sugiuchi after two outs. Uchikawa hit a single to start the eighth. Atsunori Inaba scored a double to put Uchikawa in scoring position, and Uchikawa scored on Akinori Iwamura's sacrifice fly. Hyun-wook Jong retired the remaining batters to close out the inning.
Japan brought out their closer, Yu Darvish, for the bottom of the ninth with a 3−2 lead. Darvish struck out Keun-woo Jeong, but walked Hyun-soo Kim and Tae-kyun Kim to put South Koreans on first and second with one out. Darvish then struck out Choo and was one out away from saving the game. But Bum-ho Lee singled, driving in Jong-wook Lee for the game-tying run to make it 3–all and send the game into extra innings.
Japan batted first, with Chang-yong Lim pitching for South Korea in the tenth. Uchikawa and Iwamura hit a single to put runners on first and third with two out. Ichiro was one strike away from ending the inning when he hit a line-drive single up the middle that scored Iwamura and Uchikawa. Lim then hit Nakajima with a pitch and intentionally walked Norichika Aoki to face Kenji Johjima who was hitless up to that point. Lim was able to strikeout Johjima and send the game to the bottom of the tenth. Darvish made short work of South Korea, capping with a strikeout of Keun-woo Jeong to clinch Japan's successful defense of their 2006 championship.
Japan's Daisuke Matsuzaka was awarded the tournament MVP for the second consecutive time, with a 3−0 record and 2.45 ERA. | WIKI |
armatura
Etymology
From.
Noun
* 1) (suit of) armour/armor
* 2) framework
* 3) sheath (of a cable)
* 4) plate (of an electrical condenser)
* 5) twill (pattern in weaving)
Etymology
From.
Noun
* 1) armor, equipment of soldiers
Descendants
* Balkan Romance:
* Italo-Romance:
* North Italian:
* Gallo-Romance:
* Occitano-Romance:
* West Iberian:
* Borrowings:
* Gallo-Romance:
* Occitano-Romance:
* West Iberian:
* Borrowings:
* Occitano-Romance:
* West Iberian:
* Borrowings:
* West Iberian:
* Borrowings:
* West Iberian:
* Borrowings:
* Borrowings:
* Borrowings:
* Borrowings:
* Borrowings:
* Borrowings:
* Borrowings:
* Borrowings:
* Borrowings:
Etymology
. and.
Noun
* 1) fixture, faucet, valve or tap, most prominently of a washbasin or sink
* 2) armature
Etymology
From, from , from.
Noun
* 1) armature, reinforcement | WIKI |
Abstract
PEP:460
Title:Add binary interpolation and formatting
Version:$Revision$
Last-Modified:$Date$
Author:Antoine Pitrou <solipsis at pitrou.net>
Status:Withdrawn
Type:Standards Track
Content-Type:text/x-rst
Created:6-Jan-2014
Python-Version:3.5
This PEP proposes to add minimal formatting operations to bytes and bytearray objects. The proposed additions are:
• bytes % ... and bytearray % ... for percent-formatting, similar in syntax to percent-formatting on str objects (accepting a single object, a tuple or a dict).
• bytes.format(...) and bytearray.format(...) for a formatting similar in syntax to str.format() (accepting positional as well as keyword arguments).
• bytes.format_map(...) and bytearray.format_map(...) for an API similar to str.format_map(...), with the same formatting syntax and semantics as bytes.format() and bytearray.format().
Rationale
In Python 2, str % args and str.format(args) allow the formatting and interpolation of bytestrings. This feature has commonly been used for the assembling of protocol messages when protocols are known to use a fixed encoding.
Python 3 generally mandates that text be stored and manipulated as unicode (i.e. str objects, not bytes). In some cases, though, it makes sense to manipulate bytes objects directly. Typical usage is binary network protocols, where you can want to interpolate and assemble several bytes object (some of them literals, some of them compute) to produce complete protocol messages. For example, protocols such as HTTP or SIP have headers with ASCII names and opaque "textual" values using a varying and/or sometimes ill-defined encoding. Moreover, those headers can be followed by a binary body... which can be chunked and decorated with ASCII headers and trailers!
While there are reasonably efficient ways to accumulate binary data (such as using a bytearray object, the bytes.join method or even io.BytesIO), none of them leads to the kind of readable and intuitive code that is produced by a %-formatted or {}-formatted template and a formatting operation.
Binary formatting features
Supported features
In this proposal, percent-formatting for bytes and bytearray supports the following features:
• Looking up formatting arguments by position as well as by name (i.e., %s as well as %(name)s).
• %s will try to get a Py_buffer on the given value, and fallback on calling __bytes__. The resulting binary data is inserted at the given point in the string. This is expected to work with bytes, bytearray and memoryview objects (as well as a couple others such as pathlib's path objects).
• %c will accept an integer between 0 and 255, and insert a byte of the given value.
Braces-formatting for bytes and bytearray supports the following features:
• All the kinds of argument lookup supported by str.format() (explicit positional lookup, auto-incremented positional lookup, keyword lookup, attribute lookup, etc.)
• Insertion of binary data when no modifier or layout is specified (e.g. {}, {0}, {name}). This has the same semantics as %s for percent-formatting (see above).
• The c modifier will accept an integer between 0 and 255, and insert a byte of the given value (same as %c above).
Unsupported features
All other features present in formatting of str objects (either through the percent operator or the str.format() method) are unsupported. Those features imply treating the recipient of the operator or method as text, which goes counter to the text / bytes separation (for example, accepting %d as a format code would imply that the bytes object really is an ASCII-compatible text string).
Amongst those unsupported features are not only most type-specific format codes, but also the various layout specifiers such as padding or alignment. Besides, str objects are not acceptable as arguments to the formatting operations, even when using e.g. the %s format code.
__format__ isn't called.
Criticisms
• The development cost and maintenance cost.
• In 3.3 encoding to ASCII or latin-1 is as fast as memcpy (but it still creates a separate object).
• Developers will have to work around the lack of binary formatting anyway, if they want to support Python 3.4 and earlier.
• bytes.join() is consistently faster than format to join bytes strings (XXX is it?).
• Formatting functions could be implemented in a third party module, rather than added to builtin types.
Other proposals
A new type datatype
It was proposed to create a new datatype specialized for "network programming". The authors of this PEP believe this is counter-productive. Python 3 already has several major types dedicated to manipulation of binary data: bytes, bytearray, memoryview, io.BytesIO.
Adding yet another type would make things more confusing for users, and interoperability between libraries more painful (also potentially sub-optimal, due to the necessary conversions).
Moreover, not one type would be needed, but two: one immutable type (to allow for hashing), and one mutable type (as efficient accumulation is often necessary when working with network messages).
Resolution
This PEP is made obsolete by the acceptance of PEP 461, which introduces a more extended formatting language for bytes objects in conjunction with the modulo operator. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Find :include causing n+1 queires
#1
Hey guys,
I just noticed one of my find calls is creating n+1 queries to be
run. The find looks like this:
Class.find(:all,
:include => [:user, :users],
:conditions => {:id=> ids},
:order => order )
This is on Rails 2.3.2.
First the class is queried, then the join table between class and
users, and then each user in the users collection is queried
individually. If I remove the :users from the include, then the users
aren’t loaded (until I hit them in the view).
I thought the whole point of :include is to avoid the n + 1 scenario?
Cheers,
Tim.
#2
On May 26, 6:32 am, Tim H. removed_email_address@domain.invalid wrote:
This is on Rails 2.3.2.
First the class is queried, then the join table between class and
users, and then each user in the users collection is queried
individually. If I remove the :users from the include, then the users
aren’t loaded (until I hit them in the view).
I thought the whole point of :include is to avoid the n + 1 scenario?
You should get one query per association loaded. If you are getting
more than that then you are probably accidentally loading an
association again. (for example be aware that the :include doesn’t
affect the association in the other direction). (I assume that in your
actual app Class is called something else - you may run into strange
problems if you try and override the core class Class with your own)
Fred | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Self-similar accelerative propagation of expanding wrinkled flames and explosion triggering
V'Yacheslav Akkerman, Chung K. Law, Vitaly Bychkov
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
48 Scopus citations
Abstract
The formulation of Taylor on the self-similar propagation of an expanding spherical piston with constant velocity was extended to an instability-wrinkled deflagration front undergoing acceleration with RF∝tα, where RF is the instantaneous flame radius, t the time, and α a constant exponent. The formulation describes radial compression waves pushed by the front, trajectories of gas particles, and the explosion condition in the gas upstream of the front. The instant and position of explosion are determined for a given reaction mechanism. For a step-function induction time, analytic formulas for the explosion time and position are derived, showing their dependence on the reaction and flow parameters including thermal expansion, specific heat ratio, and acceleration of the front.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number026305
JournalPhysical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
Volume83
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 11 2011
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
• Condensed Matter Physics
• Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
• Statistics and Probability
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Self-similar accelerative propagation of expanding wrinkled flames and explosion triggering'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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Revered yet rejected, India's trans women seek their place in parliament
MUMBAI (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - When Sneha Kale filed her nomination as a candidate for India’s general election this week, she was with a lone supporter - a stark contrast to the cheering crowds and camera crews that usually accompany politicians in the world’s biggest democracy. The transgender 27-year-old knows she is outgunned in the campaign for election to the national parliament. But she resolved to stand anyway, buoyed by a determination to stick up for the marginalized people that have offered their support, and a growing appetite among her community for participation in politics. “I have the support of the weak and the marginalized,” said Kale, who is standing as an independent candidate, as she stuck fresh passport photos onto her application form. “I am pitted against strong candidates. They come from political families. But I have a connect with my community and those on living on the margins like sex workers, bar dancers and widows of farmers,” she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. At least five transgender candidates are standing in the national election that begins on Thursday in what activists say may be a turning point for the community, historically one of India’s most marginalized. Although the numbers appear small - no official figures are available - campaigners and parties say participation has grown since 2014, when Bharathi Kannamma became the first transgender candidate to stand in a general election. “Two or three people from the transgender community have fought elections in the past and I think they have paved the way for the whole LGBT community into politics,” said Harish Iyer, a prominent LGBT+ rights activist. “I am really glad there are far more transgender candidates in this election,” added Iyer, who this week announced he was joining the opposition Congress party. India has about 2 million transgender people, according to the 2011 census. Transgender women, sometimes known as hijras, were worshipped as demi-gods for thousands of years in India, but they are often shunned, with many surviving through begging or sex work. In 2014 the Supreme Court officially recognized transgender people as a third gender with equal rights under the law. More recently, a Transgender Persons Bill passed by the lower house of parliament despite warnings from activists that it could leave people vulnerable to abuse has galvanized the community into seeking better representation. Many transgender people oppose the bill, which has yet to pass through the upper house, because it denies them the right to self-certify in their new gender. Instead it proposes that a “screening committee” of experts issue identity certificates. The bill also provides for more lenient sentences for sex crimes than currently exist for similar crimes against women. “I think there has been a fair degree of mobilization of the transgender population to protest the transgender bill,” said Anindya Hajra, an activist with the Pratyay Gender Trust who is herself transgender. “They have a political mandate that they have put together. This is a beginning. Earlier, we did not see it to this extent.” Both main parties - the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the main opposition Congress party - have included transgender issues in their election manifestos, with Congress promising to scrap the bill. In another sign of growing political inclusion, India’s main opposition party this year appointed a transgender journalist and activist as general secretary of its women’s wing. Another party, the Aam Aadmi (Common Man) Party, is fielding a transgender candidate in the north Indian city of Prayagraj, previously known as Allahabad, in the upcoming election. The party said it had chosen Bhawani Maa for her past work on issues including women’s rights. “We need to normalize the fact that there are different kinds of people,” said spokeswoman Preeti Sharma Menon. “The question of transgender should not arise.” Kale, who left home at 17 after falling out with her family, said many battles still lay ahead for India’s transgender people. “So many rapes of transgenders go unreported,” she said. “Are we not human? We are still not accepted in our homes.” Reporting by Roli Srivastava @Rolionaroll; Editing by Claire Cozens. Please credit Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers humanitarian news, women's and LGBT+ rights, human trafficking, property rights, and climate change. Visit news.trust.org | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Morgen!
"Morgen!" ("Tomorrow!") is the last in a set of four songs composed in 1894 by the German composer Richard Strauss. It is designated Opus 27, Number 4.
The text of this Lied, the German love poem "Morgen!", was written by Strauss's contemporary, John Henry Mackay, who was of partly Scottish descent but brought up in Germany.
History
Strauss had met Mackay in Berlin, and set Morgen! to music on 21 May 1894. It was one of his four Lieder Opus 27, a wedding present to his wife Pauline. Initially, he set the accompaniment for piano alone, and for piano with violin. In 1897 he arranged the piece for orchestra with violin solo.
"Morgen!" remains one of Strauss's best-known and most widely recorded works. Strauss himself recorded it in 1919 accompanying the tenor Robert Hutt on the piano, and again in 1941 conducting the orchestral version with tenor Julius Patzak and the Bavarian State Orchestra. His last recording of it was 11 June 1947, a live broadcast on radio with Strauss conducting the Orchestra della Svizzera Italiana and soprano Annette Brun.
Instrumentation of accompaniment
Strauss wrote the song originally to be accompanied by piano. In 1897 he orchestrated the accompaniment for orchestral strings plus a solo violin, a harp, and three horns. The orchestral strings are muted, and the dynamic throughout is pianissimo or softer. The harp, playing arpeggios, and the solo violin accompany continuously until the word "stumm", at which point the horns enter. The violin and harp reenter after "Schweigen', and the horns fall silent until the last few bars. The last chord is joined by a solo horn. A performance lasts about 3 1/2 minutes.
Text
The poem, with minor changes by Strauss, reads as follows: Morgen! Und morgen wird die Sonne wieder scheinen und auf dem Wege, den ich gehen werde, wird uns, die Glücklichen sie wieder einen inmitten dieser sonnenatmenden Erde... und zu dem Strand, dem weiten, wogenblauen, werden wir still und langsam niedersteigen, stumm werden wir uns in die Augen schauen, und auf uns sinkt des Glückes stummes Schweigen...
Literal translation:
Tomorrow! And tomorrow the sun will shine again and on the way that I will go, she will again unite us, the happy ones amidst this sun-breathing earth, and to the beach, wide, wave-blue will we still and slowly descend silently we will look in each other's eyes and upon us will sink the mute silence of happiness
Poetic English translation: Tomorrow! Tomorrow again will shine the sun And on my sunlit path of earth Unite us again, as it has done, And give our bliss another birth... The spacious beach under wave-blue skies We'll reach by descending soft and slow, And mutely gaze in each other's eyes, As over us rapture's great hush will flow.
English edition by John Bernhoff, 1925 Universal Edition: Tomorrow! Tomorrow's sun will rise in glory beaming, And in the pathway that my foot shall wander, We'll meet, forget the earth, and lost in dreaming, Let heav'n unite a love that earth no more shall sunder... And towards that shore, its billows softly flowing, Our hands entwined, our footsteps slowly wending, Gaze in each other's eyes in love's soft splendour glowing, Mute with tears of joy and bliss ne'er ending...
Opus 27
The other three songs of Strauss's Opus 27 are:
* No. 1 "Ruhe, meine Seele!" (Nicht ein Lüftchen regt sich leise)
* No. 2 "Cäcilie" (Wenn du es wüßtest)
* No. 3 "Heimliche Aufforderung" (Auf, hebe die funkelnde Schale) | WIKI |
Kournikova on 'Biggest Loser': I felt like a parent – The Marquee Blog - CNN.com Blogs
When Anna Kournikova was announced as the newest trainer for NBC's The Biggest Loser back in May, some scoffed at the choice. Although critics may have viewed the move as NBC's attempt to boost ratings by hiring a woman not known for helping people get healthy, Kournikova dismisses those who question her selection. I've always been criticized for being too beautiful, but I must have done something right, Kournikova said. People have these preconceived notions about me, but I don't mind. The 30-year-old will get a chance to silence her critics when The Biggest Loser begins its 12th season on September 20. Kournikova and fitness expert Dolvett Quince will join veteran trainer Bob Harper in guiding contestants through a journey of weight loss and healthy lifestyles. Kournikova, who is also a certified trainer, says she will bring her years of knowledge from the tennis court to the Biggest Loser stage. When I was a competitive tennis player, I worked with the best nutritionists, coaches and sports psychologists. I was always being told what to do, but now I tell people what to do. It brought me back to the discipline and organization I had when I was a player, and you need that discipline to live a better, healthier life. But don't expect Kournikova to be a strict disciplinarian on the show. She says the weight loss competition actually lets her be more than just a trainer. I felt like a parent to a number of children who wanted to lose weight and get healthy. It was challenging, and it was new to all of us, but everyone realized that it wasn't rocket science. It takes a lot of hard work, but they made it work. For Kournikova, doing the show had more to do with helping people than being in the spotlight once again. I didn't want to do 'Biggest Loser' to be famous or be on a magazine cover, because I've already been through that, Kournikova noted. I wanted to live and breathe exercise and nutrition. I wanted to play a role in helping people change their lives for the better. thanx getting her s8xy ID threat going...drapes? Hair typically grows all over the human body. Hair can become more visible during and after puberty and men tend to have thicker, more visible body hair than women. Both men and women have visible hair on the head, eyebrows, eyelashes, armpits, pubic region, arms, and legs; and men also have thicker hair on their face, abdomen, back and chest. Hair does not generally grow on the palms of the hands, the lips, certain areas of the genital structure, or the soles of the feet.[', Check out all of the newest short article on our very own web sitehttp://www.prettygoddess.com/ blondes are fun done 3, 454,245...good try. 34, 561, 982 Anna kournikova is very very pretty, she has those attractive legs. – <a href=Most up to date write-up from our internet sitehttp://www.beautyfashiondigest.com/hair-removal-products/ Wonderful points altogether, you just won a new reader. What would you suggest in regards to your publish that you just made some days ago? Any positive? . but there is always btteer out there than what you usually see on Tv .. the world is a big place.. You know men usually prefer women with hourglass figure and nice legs.. Anna K. has nothing any closer to an hourglass figure her legs seem skinny and she has broad shoulders.. Real women are Sophia Loren, Brigitte Bardot, Veronika Zemanova, Adriana Lima and so on.. Normally I don't read post on blogs, but I wish to say that this write-up very forced me to take a look at and do it! Your writing style has been amazed me. Thank you, quite nice article. GOT AN EDUCATION????? please tell us where anna kournikova got an education? i dont think she even graduated high school and if so i would like to know also where did she get her college degree? LMFAO on her back like many have said here if shes running from thinking shes even attractive then she should be back in RUSSIA by now! please find out where she graduated high school and college and let us all know about this HO HO Anna Kournikova has never, to the best of my knowledge, been criticized for being too beautiful. What people criticized her for was the fact that she was never one of the top tennis players in the world and yet she was one of the most famous – because she is good looking. Personally, I don't really get criticizing her or disliking her for that – I'm sure she would have liked to have been recognized more for her tennis ability given the amount of time and effort she must have put into it. It is kind of sad to realize that the world would rather reward beauty than talent, but she does have a little bit of both and either way you have to give her credit for that. Andy Roddick is her equivalent on the men's side and while his tennis career has been a little better than hers, he doesn't seem to draw as much negativity as she does. It's ironic because there are women out there (and I know some of them) who hate Anna Kournikova yet love Andy Roddick (because he's so cute!!!) and they fail to see the hypocrisy in it. I think she is as qualified as anyone to be a trainer on the Biggest Loser – she was after all a professional athlete and she is a certified trainer. It's not like it takes a ton of brains or background to advise someone to eat better and exercise more. Youre an idiot to say the least unless this is anna kournikova writing this she may know how to train and eat healthy that doesnt mean she is qualified as Jillian Micheals who has all her degrees in professional training and we are dealing with obese people who have mental issues as well as weight issues, where are anna kournikovas degrees in this matter? Shes nothing but a money hungry woman always was she even said it herself and she has some bad reputation out there for those who dont know her she known to be flat out on her back and i dont mean playing tennis but with many many many men and she is not a person i would want to help me in this situation she will probably be in the mirror for 3 hours getting ready putting on her tons of makeup before she hits the show shes an annoying waste of time and the show made a huge mistake taking her on i hope the people on the show get the real help they need! And i hope anna kournikova will get lost ASAP! Hey 'Prof trainer'...If The Biggest Loser asked you to work on their show, i guess you wouldn't take the job because it would make you a 'money grubber'?? In this era of professional athletes self destructing, blowing millions and comitting crimes, why would anyone take offense to a woman who has taken control of her life, got an education and is trying to help other people live a healthy lifestyle through fitness. For all the haters commenting about her looks...she is still beautiful and HELLO, that is what she has been running from her whole adult life. People only wanting to judge her on her looks when she obviously has much more to offer. I didnt even know that was anna kournikova she changed so much and may i say not for the best she looks like a different person maybe she had alot of surgery she is 30 years old now. K i confess! im the 1 that was trolling on every1 lately. not a d*mn thing u can do bout it...lmao Do you even no who is who anymore h*? that goes for you 2 @get a room. .. you think its that person but really is not. lmao. what a bunch of clowns. You troll on each other & turn against one another. I was going under richard fore & nobody could figure the real or fake. bunch of a$$ez hatin ea other & being mean to one another & its not even the person you think it is. who is king now ?!!!! I never said I was the king of trolls. I made one other comment on this article (that Kournikova is a loser) and that's pretty much it. I'd plow that like there was no tomorrow... youre safer plowing some snow! haha I could show her the best 5 minutes of my life YOU BETTER GET MAKE HER GET TESTED FIRST AND I WOULD WEAR ABOUT 6 CONDOMS! ANNA WHAT NOT GIVE YO A SECOND OF HER LIFE.................UNLESS YOU ARE BILLIONAIRE, HANDSOME AND GOOD IN BED. OF COURSE, YOU CAN'T BE AMERICAN. SHE HATES AMERICANS. @Get a room: God forbid you are nice for a change. Stop obsessing over Get a room. If you feel the need to respond to every single post of his/hers, then you probably need to check yourself. wow she changed man shes a nasty looking roached chick now. ANNA KOURNIKOVA IS BEAUTIFUL? ok maybe in her eyes LOL shes a stuck up arrogant money hungry HO old looking Russian hag and her so called hubby in reality is in love with another gorgeous babe he never got over just listen to his songs in EUPHORIA ????????? a bunch of Dumb as-s Anna is super condescending to say she felt like these participants were her children. And the whole beauty comment, whatever. Beauty is on the inside and she seems to be another poor choice as a host for this show. Anna critized for being too beautiful???????????????????? NEVER HEARD THAT ONE!!!!! Anna was critized for being more focused on her appearance, getting modelling work, not for being what she thinks she is beautiful. Anna was always looking around, making she the camera and all the attention was on her. She is a show pony. Her mother encourage this. Anna was the family cash cow. Now Alla Kournikova has had another child and turned him into a cash cow. I see a pattern here!lol.Looking at the above phot, I dont find you beautiful Anna. Sorry. You have lost it. Maria S is prettier and she can win tournaments. SO ANNA THNKS SHES BEAUTIFUL????? THAT'S ALWAYS BEEN THE PROBLEM WITH ANNA. SHE THINKS SHE'S THE PRETTIEST AND THE BEST AND TOO ARROGANT TO LISTEN TO ADVICE. AS FOR BEING BEAUTIFUL? NO , I DON'T THINK SHE IS. HER FACE IS VERY AVERAGE NOW, IT ONCEWAS CUT OR PRETTT BUT NEVER BEAUTIFUL. ANNA WAS FAMOUS FOR HER BODY NOT HER FACE. AS ANY RUSSIAN WILL TELL YOU IN RUSSIA, ANNA IS JUST AN AVERAGE LOOKING GIRL, NOT PRETTY BY RUSSIAN STANDARDS. YOU'LL SEE A GITL SELLING FRUIT AT THE CORNER WHO LOOKS LIKE ANNA, SHES JUST AVERAGE LOOKING RUSSIAN GIRL. If Russian girls look like this selling apples on the corner, then I think I should go to Russia! Hey CAPSLOCK...you don't have to yell to make your point. In America, we have many beautiful women too...many more than Mother Russia, but that is the point. She is trying to lose that lable of being beautiful but untalented. How many people on this site were in the top 10 in the world at anything in their lives? None, so quit hating. Why don't you just say your a really good tennis player instead of 'too beautiful' .... remember, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Miss k i feel sorry a bit for you as your beauty has been more a curse than anything, it has helped you become famous and yet a target for the green/envy of you as it is something the haters can never become and just spew hate, your very beatiful indeed but i know your just a regular person wanting the same as most of us and thats to be happy, loved and just be with no real expectations, i wish the best for you knowing it has'nt been easy but never stop trying to be who/what you want and for goodness sake whtch out for users who don't really love you but what you have. Much love and good luck i'll be watching the show to see how ya do. What makes her a fitness expert? She tried to play tennis, but failed at it. Now they hire her for this stupid reality show. Did they hire her for her lack of knowledge on being a trainer or did they hire her for her looks? The whole thing is pretty stupid. All of these reality shows are worthless. Why do people watch them! Watching a bunch of overweight people get knocked down mentally and physically by a person that isn't as heavy proves what! Just because this girl had a trainer when she played tennis doesn't make her an expert on fitness. Once again we see a network hiring someone for looks and not quality! It will be a great day when all of these idiotic reality shows go off the airwaves! The sooner the better! Run some shows like Natl Geo types, where there is quality not stupidity! Just because this girl had a trainer when she played tennis doesn't make her an expert on fitness. The article clearly states that she is a certified trainer. I don't disagree with you about stupid reality shows. I don't care for them either. but the fact is they are a show who wants to attract viewers and Anna K. is a visible celebrity that was a professional athlete. She seems like a natural fit for the show in my opinion. Hey Arch, What planet are you from? Anna may have not won a major but she was ranked in the TOP 10 IN THE WORLD in one of the most demanding professional sports around. Anna trained with the best trainers money could buy for years and is more fit than 99.999% people on the planet ...besides she is also a certified trainer (read the article). She can't help that the press turned her into a tennis star because of her looks, before she even played a full year on the tour. Don't be a hater, life is too short to be bitter about other's success. WHO GIVE A CRAP I do, brazilsux. Go back to your pokemon and leave my on-and-off lover alone. I don't think the show will be the same without Jillian. Anna, you have big shoes to fill. Maybe now, Bob can produce a winner. She CAN'T be any worse than Jillian Michaels and her ridiculous pop psychology LOL trying to get them to cry and reveal their trauma to someone completley unqualified. If she'd stuck to screaming at people I could have tolerated her. Good luck Anna She fits the mold perfectly... she's never won a single major in her entire career... biggest loser indeed. Her Slam doubles win(s) don't count? lol Really! She is actually a model who is an unbelievable tennis player. You are the loser. She makes tons more money than you, is way better looking, and would kick your butt on the court. Troll. Yes, because making money really means everything in this world. I made a point that has evidence to back it up, and you threw insults in response... maybe YOU are the Biggest Loser indeed. Wake up, you tool. Doubles doesn't count... you have a partner... and wasn't her partner Martina Hingis, the #1 at the time? She's better than Tiger Woods and Britney Spears at tennis, so what's your point here? Flawed argument from a sad, angry fool. She may just be a loser but her butt is definately a winner :p accutually your wrong. Like everybody else. Kournikova acutally won 2 events on the ITF, which it seems to me was made to give new or lower rank players an oppurtunity to win and make money for smaller tournaments that only included 32 players on the wta and there were no other events during the week. These tournaments were mostly tier 3,4,5 events that count as wta wins. Hingis has plenty of these wta wins when she was younger. These wins are the same as those wins. Going by her words, Kournikova is a good choice. unless it's portal I want to win the Lauren Moshi Happy Face tank because I am a HUGE fan of Lauren Moshi. Her desnigs inspire me to create my own desnigs. The Smiley tank is one of my favorite desnigs because it describes my personality as a happy go lucky kind of girl. I can see myself totally pulling off that tank with a cute blazer and a vintage bag. When wearing a Lauren Moshi shirt, I want to stand out and make others want to purchase her clothing.Her desnigs are SO unique and BLACKLABELBOUTIQUE is the best/my favorite website!!XOX make me the meat in an Anna and Jillian Michaels sammich. But I am firsty ! You must be logged in to post a comment. Our daily cheat-sheet for breaking celebrity news, Hollywood buzz and your pop-culture obsessions. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
1650s in South Africa
Jan van Riebeeck landed at the Cape on 6 April 1652, setting up a supply station and fortifications for the Dutch East India Company. The decade saw the beginning of European settlement, marked by the introduction of crops from Europe and the New World and culminating in war with the Khoikhoi in 1659.
Milestones
Bernert Willemsz Wijlant, the first European baby, was born at the Cape on 6 June 1652. In 1654, Batavian convicts and political opponents were banished to the Cape bringing Islam to South Africa. Hout Bay, a sheltered cove just south of the Cape settlement is proposed as a settlement for Dutch families on 6 October 1654. Van Riebeeck sent Jan Wintervogel, a Dutch ensign, to scout the interior in 1655. Wintervogel went as far as Saldanha Bay. Van Riebeeck sent Willem Muller, a Dutch corporal, with the Khoikhoi interpreter, Autsumao, to explore the Hottentots Holland region. Maize and Grape vines were planted in the Cape that same year. In 1657, Abraham Gabbema was sent to scout the interior and explored as far as the Berg River and Paarl regions. Doman, the leader of the Goringhaiqua Khoikhoi, was sent to Batavia to be trained as an interpreter. Nine Dutch East India Company servants were freed to become free burghers (free citizens) on 21 February. They settled along the Liesbeeck River (now Rondebosch area). The first wine was pressed from Cape grapes on 2 February 1659. Jan van Riebeeck established the Burgher Militia on 1 May 1659. A few days later on 19 May, the Khoikhoi protested against white encroachment, leading to the first Khoikhoi-Dutch War.
Slavery
The Dutch East India Company gave van Riebeeck authority to bring slaves to South Africa in 1654. The Roode Vos ship sailed to Mauritius and Anongil Bay, Madagascar in search of slaves, but brought back none. In 1658, the Amersfoort ship stole 250 slaves from a Portuguese slave trading trafficking slaves from Angola to Brazil. The ship arrived in South Africa on 28 March with 170 slaves. 80 died during the trip. Later that year, the Hassalt ship brought 228 out of an initial 271 slaves from the Gulf of Guinea to South Africa on 6 May. 43 died at sea. After these two shipments, the Dutch East and West companies agreed to stop enslaving natives from lands controlled by the other company. Slave traffickers brought 63,000 slaves to South Africa between 1658 and 1808, when the British abolished the slave trade.
Catharina Anthonis, became the first slave to be freed to marry Jan Woutersz, a Dutch settler, in 1656. In 1658 a Portuguese slaver was captured and 174 slaves were taken. About 80 were shipped to Batavia. | WIKI |
A.E.K.–Olympiacos rivalry
The AEK–Olympiacos rivalry is a football local derby played between AEK Athens and Olympiacos. Both clubs are based in the Athens metropolitan area. AEK Athens comes from Nea Filadelfeia, a suburban town, while Olympiacos is based in the coastal city of Piraeus. The matches between the two teams are renowned for their strong on-pitch rivalry, they usually have high attendances, and most of them are very entertaining and very competitive with many goals scored by both sides.
Records
* Record Alpha Ethniki win
* Olympiacos
* Home: Olympiacos – AEK 6–0, Karaiskakis Stadium, 8 February 1981 (Galakos 30', 53', 84', Kousoulakis 68', Orfanos 75', Vamvakoulas 80') and Olympiacos – AEK 6–0, Karaiskakis Stadium, 20 March 2011 (Djebbour 2', 61', Mellberg 7', Fuster 20', Mirallas 68', Holebas 71')
* Away: AEK – Olympiacos 1–5, Nikos Goumas Stadium, 26 November 1972 (Nikolaidis 57' pen. – Triantafyllos 35', Argyroudis 48', Delikaris 50', Gioutsos 55', Sinetopoulos 60') and AEK – Olympiacos 1–5, Athens Olympic Stadium, 4 April 2021 (Ansarifard 88' – Camara 17', Masouras 23', 44', El-Arabi 35', Fortounis 74')
* AEK
* Home: AEK – Olympiacos 4–0, Athens Olympic Stadium, 30 March 2008 (Blanco 10', Edinho 12', Liberopoulos 32', Kafes 60')
* Away: Olympiacos – AEK 1–4, Karaiskakis Stadium, 3 December 1967 (Gioutsos 19' – Karafeskos 8', Papaioannou 55', 70', Pomonis 83')
* Record Cup win
* Olympiacos
* Home: Olympiacos – AEK 6–1, Athens Olympic Stadium, 24 January 2001 (Georgatos 5', Giovanni 22', 32', Ofori-Quaye 52', Álvez 79', Giannakopoulos 84' – Maladenis 25')
* Away: AEK – Olympiacos 1–3, Nikos Goumas Stadium, 10 February 1988 (Mavrodimos 38' – Hantzidis 11', Mitropoulos 59', Funes 76')
* AEK
* Home: AEK – Olympiacos 6–1, Nikos Goumas Stadium, 17 May 1978 (Bajević 15', Mavros 19', 76', 89', Konstantinou 38', Nikoloudis 57' – Spence 13')
* Away: Olympiacos – AEK 1–3, Athens Olympic Stadium, 3 January 1996 (Ivić 64' pen. – Batista 20', 47', Kostis 27')
* Attendance records (in Athens Olympic Stadium)
* 74,465 AEK – Olympiacos 0–0, 9 February 1986
* 74,419 Olympiacos – AEK 2–2, 29 September 1985
* 72,153 Olympiacos – AEK 0–1, 30 December 1984
* 72,047 Olympiacos – AEK 2–2, 13 September 1987
Super League Greece
1st place play-off match (tie)
Head-to-head ranking in Super League Greece
• Total: Olympiacos 43 time higher, AEK Athens 22 times higher.
Players
* From Olympiacos to AEK Athens
* 1948: Napoleon Tavlas
* 1977: Milton Viera
* 1980: Petros Karavitis
* 1982: Christos Arvanitis
* 1992: Tasos Mitropoulos
* 1992: Manolis Papadopoulos (via Ionikos)
* 1993: Michalis Vlachos
* 2002: Grigoris Georgatos (via Internazionale)
* 2002: Ilija Ivić (via Torino and Aris)
* 2003: 🇬🇭 Kofi Amponsah (via PAOK)
* 2004: Stavros Tziortziopoulos (via Akratitos and Panionios)
* 2004: Christos Kontis (via Panionios)
* 2007: Charilaos Pappas
* 2007: 🇧🇷 Rivaldo
* 2007: Pantelis Kafes
* 2010: Christos Patsatzoglou (via Omonia)
* 2012: Konstantinos Kotsaridis
* 2013: 🇧🇷 Alexandre D'Acol (via Panionios, Kallithea and Thrasyvoulos)
* 2013: Adam Tzanetopoulos (via Niki Volos)
* 2014: Vasilios Lampropoulos (via Asteras Tripolis, Ethnikos Asteras and Panionios)
* 2014: Aristidis Soiledis (via Doxa Drama and Niki Volos)
* 2018: Giannis Gianniotas
* 2019: Georgios Kornezos (via Asteras Vlachioti, Sparta, Ionikos and Ethnikos Piraeus)
* 2020: 🇮🇷 Karim Ansarifard (via Nottingham Forest and Al-Sailiya)
* 2021: 🇮🇷 Ehsan Hajsafi (via Tractor and Sepahan)
* AEK Athens to Olympiacos'''
* 1941: Aristidis Louvaris (via Thiseas Piraeus)
* 1944: Alekos Chatzistavridis
* 1978: Stefanos Theodoridis
* 1979: Takis Nikoloudis
* 1980: Aris Damianidis
* 1987: 🇸🇪 Håkan Sandberg
* 1992: 🇨🇻 Daniel Batista
* 1994: Alexis Alexandris
* 1996: 🇧🇦 Refik Šabanadžović
* 2004: 🇨🇾 Ioannis Okkas
* 2004: 🇺🇸 Peter Philipakos
* 2005: Michalis Kapsis (via Bordeaux)
* 2010: 🇭🇺 Krisztián Németh
* 2011: Rafik Djebbour
* 2012: Kostas Manolas
* 2013: Konstantinos Vlachos
* 2017: Panagiotis Tachtsidis (via Genoa, Roma, Catania and Torino)
* 2018: Lazaros Christodoulopoulos
* 2020: Alexandros Nikolias (via Glyfada, Olympiacos Volos and PAS Giannina)
* 2021: Sokratis Papastathopoulos (via Genoa, AC Milan, Werder Bremen, Borussia Dortmund and Arsenal)
Managers
* Themos Asderis
* AEK Athens: 1931–1933, 1936–1937
* Olympiacos: 1945–1947
* Kostas Negrepontis
* AEK Athens: 1933–1936, 1937–1948, 1955–1957, 1958–1959
* Olympiacos: 1953–1954
* Todor Veselinović
* Olympiacos: 1977–1980
* AEK Athens: 1987–1988
* 🇦🇹 Helmut Senekowitsch
* Olympiacos: 1982
* AEK Athens: 1983, 1983–1984
* Miltos Papapostolou
* AEK Athens: 1980–1981
* Olympiacos: 1989
* Nikos Alefantos
* Olympiacos: 1983–1984, 1994–1995, 2004
* AEK Athens: 1986–1987
* Antonis Georgiadis
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* AEK Athens: 2016 | WIKI |
164 A.3d 1091
STATE OF NEW JERSEY, PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT, v. KONSTADIN BITZAS, A/K/A CONSTANTINE BITZAS, CHRISTOS BITZAS, AND DEAN BITZAS, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
Superior Court of New Jersey Appellate Division
Argued September 28, 2016
Decided July 10, 2017
Before Judges Fuentes, Simonelli and Gooden Brown.
Moses V. Rambarran argued the cause for appellant (Rambar-ran Law Firm,, attorneys; Mr. Rambarran, of counsel and on the brief).
Anthony C. Talarico, Special Deputy Attorney General/Acting Assistant Prosecutor, argued the cause for respondent (Gurbir S.
Grewal, Acting Bergen County Prosecutor, attorney; Mr. Talari-co, of counsel and on the brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
FUENTES, P.J.A.D.
A Bergen County grand jury returned an indictment against defendant Konstadin Bitzas, a/k/a Dean Bitzas, charging him with second degree possession of a firearm for an unlawful purpose, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-4a (count one); third degree terroristic threats, N.J.S.A. 2C:12-3b (count two); fourth degree aggravated assault by pointing a firearm at or in the direction of another, N.J.S.A 2C:12-1b(4) (count three); fourth degree possession of a handgun following a conviction for possessing a controlled dangerous substance, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-7a (counts four through eight); second degree possession of an assault firearm, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-5f (count nine); and fourth degree possession of a large capacity magazine, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-3j (counts ten and eleven).
Before the trial began, the judge severed counts four through eight to allow the jury to decide the remaining counts without being influenced by defendant’s prior drug-related convictions. The State’s first witness, P.K, was a woman who previously had a dating relationship with defendant. She testified about the incident that gave rise to the first three counts of the indictment. P.K. continuously responded to defense counsel’s questions in a disruptive manner. She disregarded the prosecutor’s instructions, deliberately mentioned extraneous information that was prejudicial to defendant, and walked out of the courtroom during her cross-examination on the first day of trial.
Although the trial judge issued curative instructions to the jury, P.K.’s obstreperous behavior eventually overwhelmed the proceedings. It soon became clear that the curative instructions could neither counteract the prejudice caused by the witness’s misbehavior nor deter her from continuing to disrupt the trial. As a sanction for P.K.’s refusal to adhere to the prosecutor and the court’s repeated instructions, the trial judge sua sponte dismissed the first three counts of the indictment “with prejudice.” The judge did not consult with the attorneys before taking such an extraordinary action. More importantly, the judge did not identify any legal authority that permits a judge in a criminal trial to unilaterally dismiss a criminal charge “with prejudice” as a sanction for the misconduct of the State’s fact witness, or to enter the functional equivalent of a judgment of acquittal before the State has completed presenting its case in chief.
The judge overruled the State’s objection challenging her authority to take this action and denied the State’s motion to declare a mistrial. Defense counsel acquiesced to the trial judge’s decisions without comment. The State’s case then continued with the indictment’s remaining counts, which were part of the first phase of a bifurcated trial. The State called a law enforcement witness who testified about the execution of a search warrant on defendant’s residence, the seizure of defendant’s firearms, and the operability of defendant’s weapons.
The jury found defendant guilty on the three counts of the indictment that charged him with second degree possession of an assault firearm, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-5f; and fourth degree possession of a large capacity magazine, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-3j. The same jury later reconvened in the second phase of the bifurcated trial and convicted defendant on five counts of fourth degree possession of a handgun following a conviction for possessing a controlled dangerous substance, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-7a. The trial court sentenced defendant to an aggregate term of thirteen years, with eight years of parole ineligibility.
In this appeal, both sides have framed their arguments in a manner that repudiates the positions they advanced before the trial court. Defendant now argues the trial judge abused her discretion in allowing the jury to render a verdict on the remaining counts in the indictment after she dismissed with prejudice the first three counts that involved P.K. as the complaining witness. Defendant claims the judge should have interviewed each juror individually to determine whether any of them had a negative impression of defendant based on P.K.’s extensive testimony portraying him as a “bad person in general.” Defendant also argues the judge’s curative instructions were insufficient to counteract the prejudice caused by P.K.’s testimony.
The State similarly abandons the position it adopted before the trial court. In a letter in lieu of a formal brief submitted pursuant to Rule 2:6-2(b), the State now argues the trial judge did not abuse her discretion in denying its motion for a mistrial because defendant was not prejudiced “and the jury was given a sufficient curative instruction.”
Despite the sophistry of the parties’ positions, our duty as appellate jurists is to determine whether the magnitude of the trial judge’s error is clearly capable of producing an unjust result. R. 2:10-2. We are satisfied the trial judge’s decision cannot stand as a matter of law. The testimony of the State’s complaining witness is replete with extraneous, highly prejudicial comments about defendant’s propensity for violence and alleged use of illicit drugs. After carefully reviewing the record, we are satisfied the trial judge’s initial response to the witness’s improper commentary was insufficient to counteract its prejudicial effect.
The trial judge has the ultimate responsibility to manage a trial. When presiding, the judge must impress upon all of the trial’s participants that they are expected to behave in a manner that promotes decorum and solemnity. Although a trial is an inherently adversarial proceeding, the attorneys’ zeal is circumscribed by the Rules of Professional Conduct and their role as officers of the court. Witnesses, especially those who have been victims of a crime, are understandably emotionally invested in the outcome of the proceedings. It is therefore particularly important for judges to: (1) set clear guidelines on how witnesses should respond to a lawyer’s questions; and (2) establish and enforce the boundaries of appropriate behavior. Here, the trial judge erred when she delegated these responsibilities to the prosecutor.
We also hold the trial judge erred when she denied the State’s motion to declare a mistrial after it became apparent that the witness’s misconduct had irreparably tainted defendant’s right to a fair trial. The judge’s decision to dismiss the indictment’s first three counts was ineffective in counteracting the prejudice caused by the witness’s misconduct. More importantly, a Superior Court judge presiding in a criminal trial has no authority to sua sponte dismiss a count in an indictment as a sanction for a lay witness’s misconduct before the State has completed presenting its ease in chief.
I
The First Day of Trial
On the first day of trial, the State called P.K. as its first witness. She testified she had “a dating relationship” with defendant that began in August 2012 and ended in a violent confrontation on August 31, 2013. During this period, P.K. saw defendant “on and off’ and slept at his house occasionally. In response to the prosecutor’s questions, P.K. claimed defendant bragged to his friends about having firearms in the house. She testified defendant even pulled a machine gun out of his mattress and said, “ ‘Look what I got.’ ”
According to P.K., the event that gave rise to the first three counts of the indictment occurred on August 31, 2013. She arrived at defendant’s house at approximately 10 p.m. P.K. testified the following occurred that night:
PROSECUTOR: [T]ell us what happened when you got to the defendant’s house that night[.]
WITNESS: When I got to his house[,] he let me in through the back, I believe, and he had something — he let out a big puff of smoke and I got into an argument with him. He grabbed my arm. He started hitting me so I tried to call the police. He pulled my phone out. He broke my phone in half, threw it against the dishes, started beating me up, then went into his drawer, the same drawer that he pulled out the gun from last time. I saw him turning to me—
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Objection.
THE COURT: What’s your objection?
DEFENSE COUNSEL: She’s talking about something that happened last time.
WITNESS: No, I am not, sir.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Judge, we went over this numerous times.
THE COURT: The objection is overruled but the way I understood the testimony was about August 81, 2013, correct?
PROSECUTOR: Yes.
[ (Emphasis added).]
Although the judge overruled defense counsel’s objection, the first language we highlighted exemplifies the conduct that later permeated P.K.’s testimony during cross-examination. Although seemingly innocuous, her comment that defendant “let out a big puff of smoke” is actually incendiary. As the trial judge later explained, P.K.’s references to “smoke” were accompanied by a “snorting” pantomime on the witness stand. Taken together, the judge concluded that P.K. wanted the jury to view defendant as a user of illicit drugs.
The second highlighted portion reveals P.K.’s disruptive tendencies while on the witness stand. As the record shows, P.K. impulsively inserted herself into the colloquy between the judge and defense counsel and personally refuted defense counsel’s objection by addressing him directly. These two elements of P.K’s temperament became the hallmark of her obstreperous demeanor, which escalated out of control during defense counsel’s cross-examination.
When the prosecutor resumed her direct examination, she asked P.K. to continue describing what occurred on the night of August 31, 2013. According to P.K., although defendant had broken her cellphone, she was able to call the police using the home’s landline telephone. P.K. testified that when the police arrived, she was “scared” and “didn’t say one word.” When asked why she was scared, P.K. responded: “I was scared because of the guns, because he beat me[,] and [because] he told me that he’s going to kill me.”
After the police officers arrived, P.K. was transported to a nearby hospital for a head injury that caused lumps. She had visible bruises and abrasions “all over her body.” The prosecutor showed P.K. a series of photographs taken the following day, September 1, 2013, which purportedly depicted the injuries she sustained to various parts of her body. P.K. also identified two photographs that she claimed depicted her cellphone, which defendant allegedly “broke ... in half.” A third photograph depicted the wall-mounted landline telephone she used to call the police. The last photograph depicted what P.K described as the “machine gun under [defendant’s] bed.” Except for the excerpt highlighted above, P.K. completed her testimony on direct examination without incident.
P.K.’s disruptive behavior reached a critical point during defense counsel’s cross-examination. The first incident occurred when defense counsel questioned P.K. about her trip to Greece to visit defendant’s parents in 2012. The following exchange illustrates the problem:
DEFENSE COUNSEL: How long were you in Greece!?]
A. Two weeks. Unbearable weeks. Unbearable. Isolation. One hundred ten degrees. No one, no one else there. Wouldn’t talk to me. Spent the whole time ignoring me. It was lovely traveling with him.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Lovely traveling? When you came back you decided the trip was over?
A. Then he got back with his girlfriend he was with for the whole time I was with him. Her name was [N.MJ. They smoked crack together. That’s why he had a problem with our relationship.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Judge—
THE COURT: I have to talk to the attorneys.
(Sidebar with reporter)
THE COURT: [Prosecutor], did you not inform your victim she can’t talk about any prior bad acts of the defendant?
PROSECUTOR: I did. He’s asking the questions.
THE COURT: You’re going to have to talk to her. She should know this.
PROSECUTOR: All right. Perhaps ... we can break and I can reinforce that. It’s 12:30 [p.m.] I can reinforce that.
THE COURT: I want to continue with the case.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: I have to see my son before he goes away for [thirty] days. I don’t mind skipping lunch.
THE COURT: We’ll continue.
(Sidebar concluded)
[What occurs next is in the presence of the jury.]
THE COURT: [P.K.], can you step outside for a moment[?]
Prosecutor, if you could step outside with her. I just want to give the limiting instruction, [Prosecutor]. Could you step outside with her[?] ... I want to give the instructions to the jurors. We’ll call her back in when we’re ready.
PROSECUTOR: All right.
THE COURT: [Addressing the jury]
You heard testimony with regards to some other prior bad activity involving the defendant. I believe the statement ... was he was using crack cocaine with some other individual by the name of [N.MJ. There’s absolutely no evidence of that at all. You’re to disregard that completely as though you never heard it.... [Y]ou are not at any point in time to inject that in any way into your deliberations. It’s as though it never happened. You are to completely disregard it because there’s absolutely no evidence of that whatsoever.
At this point, the record shows P.K. returned to the courtroom, took the witness stand, and resumed with her testimony on cross-examination. Soon thereafter, P.K. testified that she slept at defendant’s house after she returned from Greece “because he wouldn’t let me leave and go home.” Defense counsel stated: “I’ve known Mr. Bitzas ... twenty-eight years.” Defense counsel’s statement prompted an immediate objection from the prosecutor. After sustaining the objection, the judge made the following comments in the jury’s presence, which resulted in the following exchange:
THE COURT: Absolutely. [Defense counsel], you’re either going to be the attorney or you’re going to be the witness. Which is it going to be? Tell me right now before we continue with this trial. You know what the court rules are. You cannot testify on behalf of anyone.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: I’m trying to get the truth. I’m getting less than the truth.
THE COURT: [Defense counsel], I’ll see you at sidebar.
[The following colloquy occurred at sidebar.]
THE COURT: What is the cir'cus that’s going on in this courtroom? You know that you are not supposed to talk about your personal feelings about the defendant, about whether or not you like him, whether or not he’s your good friend for twenty-eight years. If I hear any more about a personal relationship that you have with the defendant you’re going to get sanctioned and I’m going to have to declare a mistrial.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: I didn’t do it on purpose.
THE COURT: The same thing with the Prosecutor. When you have a domestic violence ease[,] the first thing that you have to do is ... tell the witnesses you can’t talk to them about all the bad things that ever happened with regards to crimes. That’s another egregious violation.
PROSECUTOR: I have instructed.
THE COURT: This is like a emeus in this courtroom.
PROSECUTOR: I have instructed her. She even — when we got to the courtroom she said, “But it happened.”
I said to her, “It doesn’t matter. You’re not allowed to talk about [that].” She said, “Okay, okay.” I’ve instructed her.
THE COURT: If she does it again the case is over. It’s going to be a dismissal with prejudice if she does it again. Now she’s been warned.
PROSECUTOR: I cautioned her.
THE COURT: Like a emeus on both sides.
(Sidebar conference concluded.)
[ (Emphasis added).]
Defense counsel resumed his cross-examination by asking P.K. to describe the events that preceded the confrontation in defendant’s residence on August 31, 2013. According to P.K., she first met defendant that night at a joint restaurant and bar. She told defendant she was hungry and wanted to eat before consuming any alcoholic beverages. P.K. testified that defendant had finished eating by the time she arrived and ignored her many requests to get something to eat. She nevertheless consumed several alcoholic drinks and soon noticed she was “not sober.” Although she asked defendant to drive her home or tow her car, he left the club without helping her.
P.K. eventually drove to defendant’s residence. Defense counsel asked P.K. what happened when she arrived. P.K. responded as follows:
I walked in and he was holding some glass thing in his hand. He lets out a big puff of smoke. His eyes got like this. He started drooling. And I said this is where you went? This is why I got stuck there? This why? [sic] This is all why?
I held the phone up. He went like this. He started grabbing me, hitting me. Cracked my phone. I said stop hitting me. Enough. Enough. Every time. No. I’m not putting up with it anymore.
And this time he knocked me down. I tried — He took my phone out of my hand, cracked it in half, threw it against the dishes. The garbage is right next to the dishes.
We pause to note that defense counsel did not object to P.K.’s clear references to defendant’s illicit drug use; nor did the trial judge take any measures to dissuade the witness from continuing to disregard the boundaries of acceptable testimony.
Counsel’s use of open-ended questions on cross-examination also allowed P.K. to frame her responses in an erratic fashion, aimlessly wandering without direction. This approach permitted P.K. to continue to respond in a manner that exacerbated the “circus” atmosphere the judge sought to avoid. The following exchange illustrates the point:
DEFENSE COUNSEL: July 18,2012. You’re still dating Mr. Bitzas?
A. I don’t know when that was. Can you give me some context[ ] clues?
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Couple [of] days after you started to date him. A couple [of] days after you started to date him [when] you said he wasn’t normal and he had a black eye[;] two days later you’re still dating him?
A. Yeah. That seemed like the day that he brought all the people over when he showed the machine gun, yes.
A. Actually you’re right.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: It’s improper testimony.
THE COURT: The objection is overruled. She answered your question. You wanted to know what happened two days later. She says that’s the time—
DEFENSE COUNSEL: I asked specifically were you dating two days later.
THE COURT: She answered that question. Move on to your next question.
[ (Emphasis added).]
Once again, the record shows P.K. addressing defense counsel directly as counsel interacts with the trial judge on a point of procedure. This combative interaction between defense counsel and P.K. continued unabated. Throughout her cross-examination, P.K. continued to mention defendant’s alleged “crack” use with a woman she identified as defendant’s girlfriend. At one point, P.K. even attempted to interact with a person seated in the section of the courtroom reserved for the public.
THE WITNESS: She could have called the police. And he said he’s in Pennsylvania. He lied. He was in a hotel room with [N.M.] smoking crack in Fort Lee with my keys. I wanted to know where they were. That’s the only time I saw her. I couldn’t ask her for a tampon. I asked her for keys to get in my house. She wouldn’t give me—
THE COURT: You have to wait until the next question. What’s your next question[?]
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Why does she have a key to your apartment?
THE WITNESS: Who?
DEFENSE COUNSEL: You said you had to wait for her, pointing to someone in the audience.
P.K. did not identify who she pointed to, but that person was seated somewhere in the public section of the courtroom. From this point forward, P.K.’s combative conduct against defense counsel quickly degenerated into outright refusal to answer his questions.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Where does your other family live?
A. I’m not telling you anything about my family. I don’t want him to know anything about my family. He’s a dangerous person. No way. No way.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: [Judge,] [a]sk her to control these outbursts.
A. I’m not revealing any information about my family to this criminal with guns.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Judge, this is completely improper.
A. That’s completely improper your question [sic].
THE COURT: [P.K.], you have to calm down. You have to wait for the question and respond to the question. Any other information [sic] respond to the question.
Ail right, [defense counsel].
DEFENSE COUNSEL: How far was your family’s house?
A. None of your business, sir. I’m not letting you know where my family is so he can kill them with his guns. No, no. Sorry. He’s already threatened my life. He’s already done things to them. No way. You can ask me that after he threatened to kill me?
DEFENSE COUNSEL: You want to talk at sidebar?
THE COURT: No. Answer the question. How long does it take you to go from one location to your family’s house? Don’t give an address.
A. My location to my family’s house?
THE COURT: Yes. How many minutes?
A. Which family member are you talking about?
THE COURT: The one that you said you went to when you could not get into your house and you didn’t want to pay for a locksmith overtime.
A. I don’t know. I can’t answer that. I don’t know where I got the key that night. I don’t remember what happened. That’s none of anybody’s business.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Who is there [at your family’s house]?
A. Somebody in my family. None of your business, sir. None of your business, sir. Please don’t ask me any question[s] about my family. This is my mistake that I went out with this piece of garbage and I don’t think that they should suffer or be involved in any way.
Following several failed attempts to get P.K. to respond, the trial judge directed defense counsel to “[a]sk another question on another topic.” When counsel asked P.K. if her family lives in Fort Lee, P.K. responded: “None of your business. Let me go. I need to take a break, please.” At this point, the transcript merely states: “Witness leaves courtroom.” Although it was not yet near the end of the court-day, the trial judge advised the jurors that the trial would not resume because one of the attorneys “has something I excused him for. They’re going to attend to that other ease.” The trial resumed the following day.
II
The Second Day of Trial
The second day of P.K.’s testimony began with the prosecutor assuming a more aggressive, proactive role in objecting to questions that she thought were designed to revisit areas covered on the previous day. However, the record shows defense counsel’s questions sought only to obtain responsive answers to the questions P.K. previously refused to answer. The trial judge was sympathetic to the State’s approach. After sustaining the prosecutor’s objections, the judge addressed defense counsel directly as follows:
THE COURT: Move on to another topic. Whatever topic it may be but it has to be a different topic. I think yesterday you explored it at length. She’s explained it again today that she got a spare key. She then ... got into her apartment that night. I think that’s been now settled, that whole entire issue.
WITNESS: Thank you, your Honor.
The cross-examination proceeded relatively uneventfully from this point forward. Defense counsel established that P.K. agreed to travel to Greece with defendant after having known him for approximately one month. Although she had kind words for defendant’s parents, who resided in Greece at the time, P.K. described the trip as extremely unpleasant. Defense counsel also questioned P.K. about the nature of her and defendant’s activities as a couple. The next point of contention occurred when defense counsel sought to explore P.K.’s testimony concerning her seeing defendant in Florida.
A. I was in Florida and he was following me around over there.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: He was following you in Florida?
A. Yes, he was.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Who were you with in Florida?
A. I don’t know. He said he was in a hotel room [or] something. But they tried to separate us. His friend and the friend’s sister separated us so that he couldn’t come near me because they said he was bad news and he just got out of jail. That’s exactly what happened.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Judge, this is completely improper testimony.
A. That was exactly what happened. That’s why.
THE COURT: There’s an objection.
Jurors, I’m going to instruct you again this trial is specifically about an incident that happened in August of 2013.
[Defense counsel], you’re asking her questions about something when she was eighteen, nineteen years old. You’re opening the door. You’re stepping right into it. I’m going to inform the jurors that last bit of testimony you just heard, that she believed that she heard something with regards to him being in jail, that that be completely stricken from the record. You’re not to consider that in any way. It’s hearsay.
Remember what I explained to you about hearsay. What other people say most of the time is inaccurate. Like playing telephone. By the time it gets to another person it’s an out-of-court statement. It’s completely not relevant, is not credible testimony in any way. It’s as though it never was said in court.
[Defense counsel], I’m going to remind you again you should probably continue with your cross examination as it relates to this case[,] but you're opening the door to all these other things that are not relevant.
Immediately following the judge’s rebuke of the manner in which he questioned P.K., defense counsel asked P.K.: “Did you hook up with him when you were in Florida?” This prompted an immediate objection from the prosecutor. The judge sustained the objection and again criticized defense counsel in the presence of the jury. The judge admonished that “what somebody did when they were eighteen[,] if it’s even true[,]” is not relevant to the case. Defense counsel responded by acknowledging he was not aware the Florida trip occurred when P.K. was eighteen years old.
From this point forward, the matter proceeded in the same disorderly fashion. The judge continued to disparage and criticize defense counsel in the jury’s presence; P.K. continued to defy the decorum expected from a witness in a criminal trial by answering defense counsel’s questions with nonresponsive, extraneous matters intended to cast defendant as a dangerous and violent man who used illicit drugs on a regular basis. For example, when defense counsel asked P.K. if defendant ever met her parents, she responded: “No way. My family would never want to meet him. Never. They would never let him near me or their house. No way. No way.” When defense counsel followed up to clarify, P.K. admitted that defendant had met her mother, but not her “mother and father.” When defense counsel remarked “[V]ery clever,” P.K. made the following unsolicited statement:
THE WITNESS: Can you not mention my handicapped mother? I don’t want him near her. He entered her house. It’s a very sensitive area. If he comes near her — • she was getting crank calls from him. I don’t want to stray off the subject. However, I don’t want him involved in her life.
In reacting to this event, the trial judge failed to correct the witness’s improper, unsolicited comments, but again reprimanded defense counsel in the jury’s presence.
THE COURT: You asked the question. I keep on telling you. You keep on going on all these other topics and then you don’t like the answer.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Actually the answers are not responsive.
THE COURT: They’re responsive. You’re asking if he met the mother and father.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: I had no idea the mother had a handicap. This is the first I’m hearing of it.
PROSECUTOR: Your Honor, again we’re going to get some testimony from counsel ... as to what he knew and what he didn’t know.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: I didn’t know any of this.
THE WITNESS: She had a stroke. She’s in a wheelchair. Please leave her alone. She doesn’t need his trauma that we had from him or enough [sic]. I don’t want to bring her up. Would you mind please? Out of respect please. And understanding about the experiences that I’ve been through, please understand. Keep that in mind. That’s all I’m asking.
That was a yes or no question.
A. He followed me to my house one day. He entered her house. I was having a private conversation with her. He said, “I locked your keys in your house [P.K].” He entered her house, opened it without—
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Yes or no.
A. Yes, he opened it and trespassed without anybody inviting him.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: There’s no control here.
THE COURT: Wait until he asks the question and answer the question. Go ahead. Ask your next question.
THE WITNESS: Next question please.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Is it fair to say your mother is a neighbor?
A. Listen, can you please get off my mother please. I’m begging you. I really am in fear for my life and her life because of him. Please. You’re asking me where she lives now?
DEFENSE COUNSEL: I ask for an instruction about this.
PROSECUTOR: Objection again for these editorial comments by counsel, your Honor. It’s not appropriate for this trial.
This chaotic scene continued in the jury’s presence, while the judge and counsel discussed their respective recollections of what P.K. had said about her family during her testimony on the previous day. Finally, the judge again admonished defense counsel to remain focused on the event identified in the indictment.
THE COURT: [Defense counsel], I’m going to direct you to ask questions about the incident. [The] August 31, [2013] incident. I’ve given you more than enough leeway to explore all different topics on cross-examination[,] but we [have to] concentrate on this indictment.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Excellent.
THE COURT: Make sure that you discuss it with your client[,] but every question from now on better be with regards to that indictment.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Judge, Mr. Bitzas needs to use the bathroom.
THE COURT: He can wait. He’s a big boy.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: He has diabetes.
THE COURT: Have a seat. Go ahead.
Defense counsel resumed the contentious cross-examination, trying to remain focused on the incident that occurred on August 31, 2013. P.K. remained combative and undeterred. She claimed defendant consistently lied to her about the nature of their relationship and continued his involvement with N.M. while dating her. When defense counsel characterized her relationship with defendant as akin to “living in a fictitious world,” P.K. responded: “Everything I’m finding is like illegal, messages, drugs, everything.” Defense counsel did not object.
The matter finally reached a critical point of no return when defense counsel questioned P.K. about what occurred in defendant’s house on August 31, 2013. When defense counsel asked P.K. if defendant was “attentive” to her, she responded: “He was attentive to his drugs.” This prompted defense counsel to turn to the trial judge and say: “This is ridiculous.” At the prosecutor’s request, the parties approached the judge at sidebar to discuss the matter. Once outside the jury’s presence, the prosecutor stated for the first time that defendant was also facing a disorderly persons charge for possessing drug paraphernalia; this charge was being tried simultaneously by the trial judge as a municipal court. The prosecutor argued the judge could use P.K.’s testimony to support the factual findings the court would need to make with regard to this charge.
The judge rejected the prosecutor’s argument as an improper attempt to justify P.K.’s repeated references to defendant’s illicit drug use. The judge noted that evidence of drug paraphernalia should be presented through the testimony of police witnesses. The prosecutor ultimately agreed and abandoned this argument. The judge then returned to P.K.’s repeated violations of the strict limits she was required to follow with respect to her testimony. The prosecutor assured the judge that she had instructed P.K. accordingly. The judge excused the jurors to address the problems associated with P.K.’s testimony and to address P.K. directly:
THE COURT: There’s been an objection from the defense about the fact the victim, [P.K.], once again has talked about the defendant using drugs[.]
I gave [the prosecutor] significant time to go outside. She assured me she had spoken to [P.K.], that she understands now. It was inadvertent. She actually had advised you during the preparation for the trial that you could not discuss the drug activity. And then she reminded you of it again because we had a violation in court. And that is just not allowed pursuant to the rules of evidence. Although it happened, although you may have observed it[,] the rules of evidence do not allow for you to talk about drug activity in a case such as this because he’s not charged with possession of cocaine or possession of any drug for that matter.
[The prosecutor] explained to me, assured me that she had spoken to you, [P.K.], and that it would not happen again.
Yesterday we finished the trial early because [P.K.] ... requested a break and I allowed her to take that break so she could compose herself. She appear[ed] to be very upset. I thought it best rather than continue for another hour until 2:30 [p.m.] we would go for the day.
Today there has been eight violations of that court order.
I have her, I counted them, eight times the victim today has mentioned either smoke, she’s been snorting on the witness stand, mimicking what the defendant was doing which in no uncertain terms is snorting cocaine or something with a glass pipe. She did it at least three or four times.
There [were] an additional three ... mention[s] of drug activity even before the August 31, 2013 incident and then the last one was the one we just heard where she said oh, he’s more concerned about his drugs. That’s what he was concerned about.
There’s too many violations. I tried to cure the problem with the jurors by giving them an instruction to disregard it[,] but I cannot do it anymore with eight violations.
I’m going to dismiss this half of the trial. This part of the trial is dismissed with prejudice.
It’s only with regards to the counts involving [P.K.].
That would be count one, [second degree] possession of [a] weapon for [an] unlawful purpose. It would be count two, which is the ... [third degree] terroristic threats. And it would be count three, which is [fourth degree] pointing of a firearm. The other counts, however, are going to remain because those other counts have nothing to do with [P.K.].
[ (Emphasis added).]
At first, the prosecutor objected to the judge’s sua sponte decision, arguing the curative instructions were sufficient to counteract any prejudice. The State also took the position that there was “nothing improper” about the witness’s comments that she saw defendant blowing “a puff of smoke.” The prosecutor maintained the statement was ambiguous and permitted the jury to infer defendant was smoking a cigarette. Finally, the prosecutor again argued this evidence was relevant to the disorderly persons offense, which the judge would need to decide as the trier of fact.
The judge rejected these arguments and clarified that when P.K. testified about seeing defendant blow a puff of smoke, she “used her hands to explain it to the jurors” and “started snorting.” The judge specifically found that from the “way [P.K.] presented her hands, it’s clear as though someone was using some type of glass thing.” The judge ruled P.K.’s testimony in this regard was improper for the same reasons “you can’t bring out the previous conviction.” The judge also emphasized that these were not isolated mishaps by a nervous witness. “She’s clearly let[ting] the jurors know about the fact that the drug activity is not just a one[-]time incident.” Based on this record, the judge found that giving the jury further curative instructions would be futile. In the judge’s own words, “It’s now too prejudicial.”
The judge then addressed P.K. directly as follows:
I wanted [P.K.] to be here to hear it. I didn’t want someone else explaining it to her. I wanted you to hear from me ... the reasons the case is being dismissed. Perhaps you’re very upset and for that reason you weren’t able to follow the instructions of the [e]ourt but I tried. Eight times I let it go. I can’t let it go after eight times. I wanted you to hear it from me. You’re excused.
The judge advised defense counsel to inquire as to whether defendant was willing to consider reopening plea negotiations based on the court’s decision to dismiss the first three counts of the indictment with prejudice. The prosecutor made clear that the State was not willing to modify its previous plea offer based on these events. At this point, the court recessed for lunch. At the start of the afternoon session, but outside the jury’s presence, the prosecutor addressed the trial judge as follows:
PROSECUTOR: Your Honor, I did go and meet with members of my office.
I just would like to state that the State is not sure and not in agreement that the [c]ourt has the authority to dismiss those counts before the end of the State’s case.
THE COURT: It has nothing to do with the end of the State’s case. It’s a mistrial and dismissal with prejudice for failure to follow the court order.
PROSECUTOR: I understand.
THE COURT: It has nothing to do with the strengths of the [State’s] proofsf,] which is a different standard.
PROSECUTOR: I understand. However, and I’m accepting your Honor’s decision, but ... the reasons for the dismissal with prejudice were because of ... undue prejudice to this jury.
However, proceeding with this jury in light of your Honor’s decision is not the proper remedy. And the reason for that, if I may say, if down the line this defendant is convicted after this trial and raises the conviction on appeal, one of his claims would be that this jury, because of your Honor’s decision that there was undue prejudice, he will raise that claim that this jury was prejudiced.
Now, the State will not have a claim at that point because your Honor has made that decision. We’re asking for a mistrialf;] dismiss this jury and let’s start anew, get a trial date with the remaining counts, certain persons and the possession of an assault weapon.
[ (Emphasis added).]
The judge denied the State’s motion for a mistrial. The judge ruled that she was going to instruct the jury that the three dismissed counts in the indictment “were dismissed pursuant to a legal ruling” and that they had “nothing to do with the State [or] the defense.” Defense counsel did not participate in this matter.
When the jury returned to the courtroom to start the afternoon session, the judge apprised the jurors as follows:
With regards to the indictment, if you recallt,] ... there were six counts. Because of legal reasons, and the State has not been involved in this and neither has the defense, but X as the Judge for a legal reason have dismissed counts one, two[,] and three.
We’re going to proceed with the remainder of the ease[,] which is the possession of the assault firearm, which is count nine, and the other two counts, five and six, [which] were possession of the large capacity ammunition magazine. So there’s three counts. So when you deliberate you are not to consider any of the testimony that you’ve heard up until now. It will be stricken and you’re not to consider it in any way in your deliberations. You can only consider the testimony that is going to start from this point forward because the testimony that’s going to begin from this point forward has to do with those counts, the ammunition, [the] large capacity magazinet,] and the assault firearm.
Call your next witness.
The State’s next and only witness was Fort Lee Detective Matthew Traiger. During his testimony, Traiger described the firearms seized from defendant’s residence pursuant to a search warrant on September 1, 2013. Traiger testified that when he began his shift that day, he was ordered to respond to defendant’s residence to relieve an officer who was previously assigned to conduct “surveillance on the home in an unmarked vehicle.” Traiger’s shift began at 4 p.m. He arrived at defendant’s residence to relieve the other officer approximately thirty minutes later.
Although the jurors were instructed to disregard everything they had heard over the past two days, Detective Traiger testified that the purpose of conducting surveillance on defendant’s home “was a pending arrest and search warrant for a party in the premises.” When asked to identify “the party” in question, Traiger responded: “Dean Bitzas.” Traiger then pointed to defendant and identified him as the person he arrested that day after finding a Norineo SKS assault firearm and two large capacity ammunition magazines in his residence. The State rested at the conclusion of Detective Traiger’s testimony.
Ill
Against this record, defendant raises the following arguments on appeal:
POINT I
IT WAS AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION TO CONTINUE WITH THE SAME JURY AFTER THE DISMISSAL OF THE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE COUNTS DUE TO COMPLAINANT/VICTIM’S REPEATED TESTIMONY ABOUT DEFENDANT’S PRIOR BAD ACTS RESULTING IN PREJUDICE TO THE DEFENDANT AND TAINTING OF THE JURY.
POINT II
THE COURT’S INSTRUCTION TO THE JURY FOLLOWING THE OTHER CRIME EVIDENCE WAS NOT SUFFICIENTLY PROPER AND DID NOT CURE THE PREJUDICIAL EFFECT FROM THE MINDS OF THE JURY.
We begin our analysis by reaffirming that “‘[a] trial judge has the ultimate responsibility to control [a] trial[.]’ ” State v. Cusumano, 369 N.J.Super. 305, 311, 848 A.2d 869 (App. Div.) (quoting Horn v. Vill. Supermarkets, Inc., 260 N.J.Super. 165, 175, 615 A.2d 663 (App. Div. 1992), certif. denied, 133 N.J. 435, 627 A.2d 1141 (1993)), certif. denied, 181 N.J. 546, 859 A.2d 691 (2004). A trial judge is entrusted with the sound discretion to manage the conduct of a trial in a manner that facilitates the orderly presentation of competent evidence, whether in the form of physical exhibits or witness testimony made under oath, subject to the laws of perjury. The exercise of this authority is circumscribed by the judge’s responsibility to act reasonably and within constitutional bounds. Ryslik v. Krass, 279 N.J.Super. 293, 297-98, 652 A.2d 767 (App. Div. 1995).
As we have long-recognized,
The trial judge is the symbol of experience, wisdom and impartiality to the jury and, as such, must take great care that an expression of opinion on the evidence should not be given so as to mislead the jury. He must not throw his judicial weight on one side or the other.
[State v. Zwillman, 112 N.J.Super. 6, 20-21, 270 A.2d 284 (App. Div. 1970) (emphasis added), certif. denied, 57 N.J. 603, 274 A.2d 56 (1971).]
Here, the record shows the judge was not mindful of these admonitions. On a number of occasions, the judge attempted to control P.K.’s obstreperous behavior by reprimanding defense counsel in the jury’s presence. The judge criticized defense counsel for asking questions that “opened the door” for P.K. to testify about areas or topics that the judge viewed as not germane to the August 31, 2013 incident. The judge also permitted P.K. to opine when the prosecutor objected to defense counsel’s questions. The record shows these failures were not isolated incidents. The judge frequently did not: (1) address P.K. directly; (2) order her to stop talking when an attorney objected; or (3) instruct her to wait for the judge to rule on the objection before responding.
The judge’s failure to exercise control first manifested itself during the afternoon session of the first day of P.K.’s testimony. When defense counsel cross-examined P.K. about a trip to Greece she took shortly after meeting defendant, P.K. gratuitously stated that defendant and another woman, identified here as N.M., “smoked crack together.” When defense counsel objected, the judge discussed the matter with the attorneys at sidebar. However, instead of formulating an appropriate response with the input of counsel, the judge asked the prosecutor: “[D]id you not inform your victim she can’t talk about any prior bad acts of the defendant?” When the prosecutor responded that she had spoken to P.K. about her testimony, the judge again shifted the burden to the prosecutor to remind the witness. The judge believed she was only responsible for giving a curative instruction to the jury.
The judge directed P.K. and the prosecutor to step outside the courtroom. The judge then instructed the jury to “disregard completely” P.K.’s testimony that defendant “was using crack cocaine with some other individual by the name of [N.M.].” P.K. and the prosecutor returned to the courtroom. Thereafter, P.K. took the witness stand and defense counsel resumed his cross-examination.
This event exemplifies the judge’s misguided approach to courtroom management. Her role as the ultimate authority and presiding judge in the trial required that she directly address P.K. outside of the jury’s presence. The judge should have sternly and clearly instructed the witness that she should respond to the questions without deliberately adding information prejudicial to defendant. The judge should have made equally clear that the witness was testifying under the court’s direction and control. She was thus expected to answer all questions truthfully, respectfully, and completely. If a witness does not understand a question, she should say so before attempting to respond. This will provide an attorney with the opportunity to rephrase the question, if possible.
We recognize that victims of a crime have a right under our Constitution to be “treated with fairness, compassion and respect by the criminal justice system.” N.J. Const. art. I, ¶ 22. The Legislature also adopted the Crime Victim’s Bill of Rights to ensure, inter alia, that a crime victim is “free from intimidation, harassment or abuse by any person[,] including the defendant or any other person acting in support of or on behalf of the defendant, due to the involvement of the victim or witness in the criminal justice process[.]” N.J.S.A. 52:4B-36(c).
However, when victims testify in a criminal trial, they are subject to the authority of the judge presiding over the proceedings and must follow the judge’s instructions. If a witness is unwilling or unable to adhere to a trial judge’s instructions or the witness’s courtroom conduct becomes so obstreperous that it interferes with the orderly administration of the trial, the judge has the authority and responsibility to take reasonable measures to restore order, preserve the decorum and solemnity of the proceedings, and protect the defendant’s right to a fair trial.
Here, the record shows P.K. repeatedly introduced extraneous and prejudicial information that was calculated to cast defendant as a dangerous individual. The judge characterized what happened in her courtroom as a “circus.” The chaotic spectacle that occurred here arose from the witness’s disruptive behavior, the defense attorney’s inability to conduct an appropriate cross-examination, and the trial judge’s misunderstanding of her role and responsibility to manage a contentious criminal trial.
As former trial judges, we are keenly aware of the challenge of maintaining order in a courtroom when confronted with a contentious witness. To assist our trial colleagues who may encounter similar circumstances, we suggest the following options. When faced with a recalcitrant witness, a judge should address the witness directly, but outside of the jury’s presence. The judge should next identify the problem with particularity. Problems include: (1) not allowing the attorney to finish the question; (2) continuing to speak after an objection has been raised; (3) unresponsive answers; (4) providing extraneous, prejudicial information; and (5) arguing with the attorney asking the questions. Having identified the problem, the judge should clearly and concisely explain to the witness that the conduct disrupts the orderly presentation of the evidence to the jury and clashes with the decorum and solemnity of the proceedings.
If the witness does not respond to this approach, but instead continues to disrupt the proceedings, as P.K. did here, the judge should confer with counsel and seek their input outside of the jury’s presence. Before acting, the judge must determine whether the misconduct is willful, based on the judge’s observations and interactions with the witness. If the judge finds the witness’s misconduct is willful, the judge should state the basis for this finding on the record. Thereafter, the judge can consider if enjoining the witness from continuing to testify is a constitutionally viable alternative by balancing defendant’s right to cross-examination and the State’s right to present its case. We emphasize that these are just suggestions. The decision to grant a mistrial “ ‘to prevent an obvious failure of justice’ ” always remains within the sound discretion of the trial judge. State v. Smith, 224 N.J. 36, 47, 128 A.3d 1077 (2016) (quoting State v. Harvey, 151 N.J. 117, 205, 699 A.2d 596 (1997)), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 1085, 120 S.Ct. 811, 145 L.Ed.2d 683 (2000).
However, the trial court must exercise its discretion to declare a mistrial within the following analytical framework:
To address a motion for a mistrial, trial courts must consider the unique circumstances of the case. State v. Allah, 170 N.J. 269, 280, 787 A.2d 887 (2002); State v. Loyal, 164 N.J. 418, 435-36, 753 A.2d 1073 (2000). If there is “an appropriate alternative course of action,” a mistrial is not a proper exercise of discretion. Allah, supra, 170 N.J. at 281, 787 A.2d 887. For example, a curative instruction, a short adjournment or continuance, or some other remedy, may provide a viable alternative to a mistrial, depending on the facts of the case. See State v. Clark, 347 N.J.Super. 497, 509, 790 A.2d 945 (App. Div. 2002).
[Smith, supra, 224 N.J. at 47, 128 A.3d 1077.]
Applying this standard of review, we conclude the trial judge abused her discretion in failing to declare a mistrial. The record shows a pattern of undeterred transgressions by the State’s key fact witness. The trial judge counted eight individual instances in which this witness introduced irrelevant and highly prejudicial information about defendant. These were not isolated events. The witness was also highly combative with defense counsel. The judge failed to address the witness directly about her misconduct. Instead, she reprimanded defense counsel in the jury’s presence for failing to ask a proper question. The trial judge’s conduct severely prejudiced defendant. As Justice Long noted:
[I]n presiding over a jury trial, the judge, who holds a powerful symbolic position vis-a-vis jurors, must maintain a mien of impartiality and must refrain from any action that would suggest that he favors one side over the other, or has a view regarding the credibility of a party or a witness.
[State v. O’Brien, 200 N.J. 520, 523, 984 A.2d 879 (2009).]
Although the parties have repudiated the legal positions they advanced before the trial court, we decline to allow this incongruity to determine the outcome here. The integrity of our criminal justice system and defendant’s constitutional right to a fair trial drive our analysis. These principles lead us to one conclusion: What occurred in this trial cannot stand.
We make clear that the issue of double-jeopardy is not addressed by this decision. We nevertheless make the following brief comments. It is well-settled that “jeopardy attaches to a defendant when he [or she] is put on trial in a court of competent jurisdiction upon a valid indictment and a jury is impaneled and sworn to determine the issue of his guilt or innocence of the crime charged.” Allah, supra, 170 N.J. at 280, 787 A.2d 887. But not every mistrial implicates the double jeopardy clauses of the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution, as applied to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment, Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 794, 89 S.Ct. 2056, 2062, 23 L.Ed.2d 707, 716 (1969), or Article I, Paragraph 11 of the New Jersey Constitution.
Here, the trial judge sua sponte dismissed with prejudice the first three counts in the indictment as a sanction against P.K.’s disruptive behavior. The judge did not have the authority to take this action. A judge presiding over a criminal jury trial cannot enter a judgment of acquittal before the State has completed presenting its case and without applying the standards the Supreme Court established in State v. Reyes, 50 N.J. 454, 458-59, 236 A.2d 385 (1967); see also R. 3:18-1. “Only where the governmental conduct in question is intended to ‘goad’ the defendant into moving for a mistrial may a defendant raise the bar of double jeopardy to a second trial after having succeeded in aborting the first on his own motion.” State v. Gallegan, 117 N.J. 345, 358, 567 A.2d 204 (1989) (quoting Oregon v. Kennedy, 456 U.S. 667, 676, 102 S.Ct. 2083, 2089, 72 L.Ed.2d 416, 425 (1982)).
There is no indication in the record that the judge considered the double-jeopardy implications of her decision. The parties have not briefed whether a decision declaring a mistrial would bar the State from trying defendant on the charges as originally reflected in the indictment. The State also did not seek timely appellate review of the judge’s decision to dismiss with prejudice the first three counts in the indictment. We thus express no opinion on this issue.
IV
Conclusion
The jury’s verdict finding defendant guilty of second degree possession of an assault firearm, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-5f, and fourth degree possession of a large capacity magazine, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-3j, is vacated. The jury’s verdict reached in the second phase of the bifurcated trial, finding defendant guilty of five counts of fourth degree possession of a handgun following a conviction for possessing a controlled dangerous substance, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-7a, is also vacated. The matter is remanded for retrial consistent with this opinion.
Reversed and remanded. We do not retain jurisdiction.
A bifurcated trial is required to avoid the prejudice that would ensue if the jurors were previously aware that defendant had been convicted of one or more of the predicate offenses listed in N.J.S.A. 2C:39-7a; see State v. Ragland, 105 N.J. 189, 193, 519 A.2d 1361 (1986).
Although the indictment identifies the complaining witness by her complete name, we use only her initials to protect her privacy.
The three counts the judge dismissed charged defendant with second degree possession of a firearm for an unlawful purpose, NJ.S.A. 2C:39-4a; third degree terroristic threats, N.J.S.A. 2C:12-3b; and fourth degree aggravated assault, N.J.S.A. 2C:12-lb(4).
Although these photographs were admitted into evidence and published to the jury, they are not part of the appellate record.
P.K. testified defendant owned and operated a towing service company.
We have included this remark by the trial judge because it displays insensitivity and a lack of judicial decorum. Although levity is not always inappropriate in a courtroom, this remark is facially offensive because it gratuitously demeans defendant based on his gender, shows insensitivity to a basic human need, and ignores a potentially serious health issue.
Although New Jersey's double-jeopardy clause has been described as "textually narrower in scope,” State v. Dunns, 266 N.J.Super. 349, 362, 629 A.2d 922 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 134 N.J. 567, 636 A.2d 524 (1993), "the double-jeopardy protections provided in the State and federal constitutions are essentially coextensive in application.” Ibid.; see also State v. Koedatich, 118 N.J. 513, 518, 572 A.2d 622 (1990).
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Opened 7 years ago
Closed 7 years ago
Last modified 7 years ago
#3369 closed enhancement (maybelater)
Change plugin default language
Reported by: danieltj's profile danieltj Owned by:
Milestone: Priority: normal
Component: Plugin Directory Keywords:
Cc:
Description
Something I've noticed a few times is when some plugin authors write a plugin in their native language first, say German for example. However, they still need to translate the plugin from German (en_US) into German (de_DE). Not only does this cause issues with new users wanting to try the plugin but not speaking German, it means that there is technically no English version.
I'd like to propose that the plugins language can be defined somewhere (ideally not the readme) where the author(s) can set the default language. This would however mean there would need to be an actual instance of en_US for this to work.
Another example of this, albeit not too much of an issue is that my own plugins are written in British English (en_GB). So technically the plugins are translated in British English twice but the plugin page reports that it's translated in en_US and en_GB which is false.
Change History (4)
#1 @tobifjellner
7 years ago
This is a tricky one. The gettext structure needs to regard everything that has to be translated as being from one and the same language all over a page. Core uses en_US, so programmatically per definition, the source language is always en_US, regardless of which language it's actually written in.
Perhaps a nice feature would be a batch program that might take your it_IT plugin and a po-file it_IT---en_US and quickly:
• Update your plugin/theme to en_US by applying all translations.
• Create an it_IT translation by turning the po "upside down".
Last edited 7 years ago by tobifjellner (previous) (diff)
This ticket was mentioned in Slack in #meta by tellyworth. View the logs.
7 years ago
#3 @Otto42
7 years ago
• Resolution set to maybelater
• Status changed from new to closed
By and large, this is not something that is easily fixed. It doesn't have to do with the plugin or theme directories directly, but more about the translation system of glotpress.
Basically, our installs of Glotpress doesn't have an "en-us" project. We don't translate anything to en-us, we start from there. This is simply because WordPress itself was written in en-us.
So while it would be possible for that starting point to be shifted around for any particular project, that functionality simply does not exist in the software right now. The plugin directory can't implement it on its own, because it's not the plugin directory doing the translating.
So, allowing for a "default" of something else would mean changing Glotpress in probably a pretty fundamental way, which also would involve shifting around all existing data, and so forth. It would be a pretty large project.
In the long term, sure, allowing for projects to use other languages as starting points makes perfect sense. It's probably something that will be implemented in the future. It'll have to be something implemented in Glotpress first, and migrated to on the translate.wordpress.org systems, and tested extensively, and then we'd build some way into the directories to allow them to choose a default, somehow. But that's a big project and so probably a long time away.
For now, I'll close this with a "maybelater", because while it is a good idea, it's a much larger amount of effort to do than you might expect.
#4 @Otto42
7 years ago
It's also worth noting that it is questionable if the WordPress core itself supports using en_US as a locale and having translations actually happen properly. There are a large number of places in WordPress where the locale is compared to en_US and if it matches, then certain code is skipped or handled differently.
By and large, the en_US locale is a special case in WordPress and so any change that affected that would be a very big project indeed.
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isopoll
Etymology
+ clipping of
Noun
* 1) A line on a map showing places having the same amounts of a particular pollen. | WIKI |
Muscle working for fledglings is an ideal routine in case you’re a thin person who needs to put on weight and bulk. Or on the other hand in case you’re a husky person, you can do muscle working for novices on the off chance that you need your shoulder to be more extensive than your waistline. Something else, in the event that you simply need to be more grounded and quicker, you can do as such by building muscles. Building muscles need you to complete 3 things with the goal that you’ll acquire muscle and get greater and more grounded: Testogen Review – Advantages and disadvantages
You should lift things that are hefty
Adhere to an eating routine that advances your muscle-building objectives
Give time to rest
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What might be said about your eating routine? It relies upon your present assembled. In case you’re thin, your eating regimen will include 90% of the muscle building fight. In the event that you need to assemble size, you need to make a calorie surplus through your eating regimen. All in all, you should take in a greater number of calories than what you consume. At the point when you get that issue wherein you’re not putting on weight in spite of lifting plentiful loads, it implies that you need to improve your eating routine. What are tips for a weight acquiring diet? Most importantly, eat heaps of whatever food. It’s an alternate methodology for weight acquire that works. Ensure about your protein admission. It must be 200 grams per day. At that point gorge the remainder of the 3500 calories from any food varieties that you find delish, like milk, pasta, rice, pizza, chicken, protein shakes, milk shakes, etc. You’ll acquire adequate measures of weight by means of this eating method. Another way to deal with putting on weight for building muscles is to eat a lot of quality food varieties. Your food decisions for this alternative incorporate earthy colored rice, chicken, cereal, custom made shake, almond margarine sandwiches of entire grain wheat bread, products of the soil, milk, hamburger and eggs. Eating heaps of good food is kinder to your inner parts, and it’s superior to eating bunches of any stuff. It may not turn out ideally for weight acquire, yet at the same time, it bodes well.
Rest in muscle building is just about as convenient as eating and working out. Thin folks who need to fabricate muscle ought to try not to do cardio. Cardio is the absolute opposite of building muscles since it conditions your body to construct moderate and little muscles. You can, for instance go through 3 days every week in the exercise center, yet realize that your muscles get constructed when you’re very still. What wellness specialists ordinarily practice is to exercise comprehensively and afterward give their bodies plentiful opportunity to recuperate by resting. Go through 8 to 9 hours of your time for dozing (every day) and take rests at whatever point you can. Think about these 3 significant variables in muscle working for fledglings. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:The Cable Guy
Mid-article arguments
I yanked the following statements:
* Carrey's role was originally going to be performed by Chris Farley before his death.
* The above statement does not make sense, since Chris Farley died in late 1997, which would not have conflicted with his appearance in this film.
Keeping it in is not appropriate for a wikipedia article. Duke out the arguments on the talk page first. --Will2k 04:23, 3 June 2006 (UTC)
* trivia section on IMDB says it was written for chris farley, but he pulled out due to scheduling conflicts (rather than death). doubt that counts as a source though. <IP_ADDRESS> 14:38, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
* Sounds like good info to me, definatly needs adding because it gives reference to a wider comedic system. --Book_M —Preceding undated comment added by Book M (talk) • contribs) 11:26, 13 September 2006 (UTC)
The current state of the article
This article needs to be completely rewritten from scratch. The introduction should be longer and should feature a one-line summary of the film's plot. Also, there should be an extensive overview of the film's plot, and there should be a section on how the film was received by critics, and quotes about the film from critics with opposing points of view (I.E., a critic who hated the film and a critic who praises the film), followed up by a section on how well the film did at the box office. This isn't a Wikipedia article. This is a skeleton of a Wikipedia article. Someone needs to fill in the gaps. Also, on section headers, only the first word should be capitalized, unless a specific name is mentioned in the header. For instance, "Main characters and plot" instead of "Main Characters & Plot." (Ibaranoff24 18:26, 21 July 2006 (UTC))
Critical Responses
Does, the rotton tomatoe.com score need to be here? Is the site that well known and revered? --Book_M —Preceding undated comment added by Book M (talk) • contribs) 11:26, 13 September 2006 (UTC) Yes. It appears on many other movie entries on wikipedia as well. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lordkelvin (talk) • contribs) 03:03, 9 August 2007 (UTC)
Yeah but who are they to judge a film?, I always thought The Cable Guy was an awesome movie Barretto24 (talk) 00:43, 23 February 2009 (UTC)
sigh, atleast look up the site to see how they calculate their score. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/help_desk/faq.php#tomatometer —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:26, 12 June 2009 (UTC)
Seinfeld Episode "The Pool Guy"
Is there a connection of any kind between the seinfeld episode "The Pool Guy" and the motion picture "Cable Guy"? In neither of the articels I could find a reference to the other. If this is a coincidence, it's a VERY big one, considering the parallels in the title, the plot and the look of the pool guy who really resembles Jim Carrey. With his jacket he looks like Jim Carey in "Dumb and Dumber". I already checked the "Behind the Scenes" stuff on the Seinfeld Season 7 DVD and the adio commentary, that says it is based on a real story of a guy at the health club being just "too friendly". However there are a few facts against that theory. As mentioned in "Behind the Scenes", at first the pool guy character should have been played by another actor (Danny Hoch) featurung a Latino accent and who most problably didn't look like Jim Carey. The most peculiar thing though is, that Cable Guy was released in June of 1996 and the TV episode was produced spring the same year. So there isn't really a time window to sneak a peak on each other. That may be more true for the motion picture, which takes more time. On the other hand, inside information from that movie would have been necessery to produce an episode imitating it.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:The_Pool_Guy" —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs).
Article Inaccurate
In the trivia section it states that Jack and Kyle's first onscreen appearence was in this film however in January of 1996, nearly a full half year earlier, the two of them appeared in "Bio-Dome." KittieKabuki 22:52, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
Turning a profit
Why is this movie, and many others, credited for "turning a profit?" Does that have anything to do with a movie being good or not? The reason this movie turned a profit to begin with is because people liked Carrey's previous work in Ace Ventura and The Mask so they went to see this one, only to be let down. If "turning a profit" is the only good thing we can say about it, should we even say anything at all or just fess up that the movie sucked (which it did)? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs).
Well the fact is that "The Cable Guy" made a much bigger profit than Wikipedia states, it took over 100m in the UK alone. Barretto24 (talk) 00:47, 23 February 2009 (UTC)
* The article still doesn't have reliable sources to back up claims that it was profitable. Hollywood accounting makes it very difficult to make any claims about a film being profitable. The article doesn't include any indication of how much money was spent on marketing (aka prints and advertising).
* Turning a profit is a separate matter from critics or anyone else actually liking the film. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:31, 4 September 2019 (UTC)
Sense
The first paragraph doesnt make any sense. but im not going to fix it- someone should however. Janemansfield74 10:26, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
CSI NY
The episode of CSI NY "Stalker" had Nicks cable guy stalking him after he thinks they struck up a relationship. <IP_ADDRESS> 21:55, 25 July 2007 (UTC)
Character name
I have to bring this up because its on tv right now. The Cable Guy gives his name in that scene with Steven after he drops him off after seeing the dish (as Chip Douglas) but the character's name is never truly given...in fact, he is credited as "The Cable Guy" so i am changing it...Jeremys779 (talk) 06:17, 3 March 2008 (UTC)
"Admitted Star Trek fan"
Aren't we past this idea that liking Star Trek is something to be ashamed or embarrassed about at this point? 2A02:C7E:580D:C400:3062:1878:FC5C:80C1 (talk) 19:09, 13 July 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Astounding Stories of Super Science (1930-01).djvu/51
Rh "I am, Derek. Heavens, that's true enough."
His eyes held me. He was smiling half whimsically: his voice was only half serious. Yet I could see, in the smoldering depths of those luminous dark eyes, a deadly seriousness that belied his smiling lips and his gay tone.
He interrupted me with, "And I offer you a chance for deeds of high adventuring. The romance of danger, of pitting your wits against villainy to make right triumph over wrong, and to win for yourself power and riches—and perhaps a fair lady. . . ."
"Derek, you talk like a swashbuckler of the middle ages."
I thought he would grin, but he turned suddenly solemn.
"I'm offering to make you henchman to a king, Charlie."
"King of what? Where?"
He spread his lean brown hands with a gesture. He shrugged. "What matter? If you seek adventure, you can find it—somewhere. If you feel the lure of romance—it will come to you."
I said, "Henchman to a king?"
But still he would not smile. "Yes. If I were king. I'm serious. Absolutely. In all this world there is no one who cares a damn about me. Not in this world, but. . . ."
He checked himself. He went on, "You are the same. You have no relatives?"
"No. None that ever think of me."
"Nor a sweetheart. Or have you?"
"No," I smiled. "Not yet. Maybe never."
"But you are too interested in Wall Street to leave it for the open road?" He was sarcastic now. "Or do you fear deeds of daring? Do you want to right a great wrong? Rescue an oppressed people, overturn the tyranny of an evil monarch, and put your friend and the girl he loves upon the throne? Or do you want to go down to work as usual in the subwav tomorrow morning? Are you afraid that in this process of becoming henchman to a king you may perchance get killed?"
I matched his caustic tone. "Let's hear it, Derek."
NCREDIBLE! Impossible! I did not say it, though my thoughts were written on my face, no doubt.
Derek said quietly, "Difficult to believe, Charlie? Yes! But it happens to be true. The girl I love is not of this world, but she lives nevertheless. I have seen her, talked with her. A slim little thing—beautiful. ..."
He sat staring. "This is nothing supernatural, Charlie. Only the ignorant savages of our past called the unknown—the unusual—supernatural. We know better now."
I said, "This girl—"
He gestured. "As I told you, I have for years been working on the theory that there is another world, existing here in this same space with us. The Fourth Dimension! Call it that if you like. I have found it, proved its existence! And this girl—her name is Hope—lives in it. Let me tell you about her and her people. Shall I?"
My heart was pounding so that it almost smothered me. "Yes, Derek."
"She lives here, in this Space we call New York City. She and her people use this same Space at the same time that we use it. A different world from ours, existing here now with us! Unseen by us. And we are unseen by them!
"A different form of matter, Charlie. As tangible to the people of the other realm as we are to our own world. Humans like ourselves."
He paused, but I could find no words to fill the gap. And presently he went on:
"Hope's world, co-existing here with us, is dependent upon us. They speak what we call English. They shadow us."
I murmured, "Phantoms of reality."
"Yes. A world very like ours. But primitive, where ours is civilized." Rh | WIKI |
Spark sortByKey() with RDD Example
Spark sortByKey() transformation is an RDD operation that is used to sort the values of the key by ascending or descending order. sortByKey() function operates on pair RDD (key/value pair) and it is available in <a href="https://github.com/apache/spark/blob/master/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/rdd/OrderedRDDFunctions.scala">org.apache.spark.rdd.OrderedRDDFunctions</a>.
First, let’s create an RDD from the list.
val spark: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder()
.master("local[1]")
.appName("SparkByExamples.com")
.getOrCreate()
val data = Seq(("Project","A", 1),
("Gutenberg’s", "X",3),
("Alice’s", "C",5),
("Adventures","B", 1)
)
val rdd=spark.sparkContext.parallelize(data)
As you see the data here, it’s in key/value pair. Key is the work name and value is the count.
Related:
Spark RDD sortByKey() Syntax
Below is the syntax of the Spark RDD sortByKey() transformation, this returns Tuple2 after sorting the data.
sortByKey(ascending:Boolean,numPartitions:int):org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[scala.Tuple2[K, V]]
This function takes two optional arguments; ascending as Boolean and numPartitions as an integer.
ascending is used to specify the order of the sort, by default, it is true meaning ascending order, use false for descending order.
numPartitions is used to specify the number of partitions it should create with the result of the sortByKey() function.
RDD sortByKey() Example
On our input the RDD is not in Pair RDD (key/value pair) hence we cannot apply sortByKey() transformation so first you need to convert this RDD into Pair RDD.
By using Spark RDD map transformation you can conver RDD into Pair RDD. I would like to sort on index 2 of the RDD.
val rdd2=rdd.map(f=>{(f._2, (f._1,f._2,f._3))}) rdd2.foreach(println) // Prints to console (A,(Project,A,1)) (X,(Gutenberg’s,X,3)) (C,(Alice’s,C,5)) (B,(Adventures,B,1))
Now let’s use the sortByKey() to sort.
val rdd3= rdd2.sortByKey()
rdd3.foreach(println)
Since I have not used any arguments for sorting by default it sorts in ascending order. This yields the below output in the console.
spark sortbykey rdd example
Spark sortByKey() result
Below example sorts in descending order.
val rdd4= rdd2.sortByKey(false)
rdd4.foreach(println)
// Prints to console
(X,(Gutenberg’s,X,3))
(C,(Alice’s,C,5))
(B,(Adventures,B,1))
(A,(Project,A,1))
Complete sortByKey() Scala Example
Below is a complete example of RDD sortByKey() transformation with Scala Example.
import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession
object SortByKeyExample extends App{
val spark: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder()
.master("local[1]")
.appName("SparkByExamples.com")
.getOrCreate()
val data = Seq(("Project","A", 1),
("Gutenberg’s", "X",3),
("Alice’s", "C",5),
("Adventures","B", 1)
)
val rdd=spark.sparkContext.parallelize(data)
rdd.foreach(println)
val rdd2=rdd.map(f=>{(f._2, (f._1,f._2,f._3))})
rdd2.foreach(println)
val rdd3= rdd2.sortByKey()
rdd2.foreach(println)
}
Conclusion
In this article, you have learned Spark RDD sortByKey() transformation to sort RDD in ascending or descending order. If RDD is non in Pair RDD you need to convert it using map transformation before calling the sortByKey() function.
Happy Learning !!
NNK
SparkByExamples.com is a Big Data and Spark examples community page, all examples are simple and easy to understand and well tested in our development environment Read more ..
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Our Blogs
August 3, 2023
Understanding Tooth Sensitivity
August 3, 2023
Understanding Tooth Sensitivity
Understanding Tooth Sensitivity: Causes and Effective Treatments
Teeth sensitivity can cause inconvenience and discomfort, leading to severe pain while having your favorite hot and cold foods and drinks. And in the worst cases for some individuals, a simple rush of air can trigger pain. So, if you are suffering from these scenarios, you are not alone.
Tooth sensitivity, hypersensitivity, is a common dental issue affecting millions worldwide. The good news is that you can treat the problem, and in this post, we will help you in the best way
to manage tooth sensitivity.
Visit your dental hospital in Dubai if you have experienced tooth sensitivity for over a few weeks.
What Is Tooth Sensitivity?
Tooth sensitivity occurs when the enamel is damaged, thinned, or eroded, exposing the underlying dentine. Your teeth get exposed to cold or hot drinks without the usual enamel protection.
So, if you experience a sharp, painful sensation while taking a bite of ice cream, an icy drink, or hot soup, the chances are you have sensitive teeth. Tooth sensitivity can vary in intensity and cause mild twitches or sharp shooting pain.
What causes sensitive teeth?
Gum Disease and Recession:
Sensitive teeth can be a symptom of gum disease, also known as periodontal disease. This condition arises when the disease damages the soft tissue and bone supporting the teeth, exposing the roots. Receding gums can also contribute to this exposure. Unlike the crown of the tooth, the roots lack the protective enamel layer, and this exposure can create a direct connection to the nerves in the tooth’s pulp. As a result, individuals with gum disease may experience heightened tooth sensitivity.
Tooth Damage:
If your tooth gets damaged for any reason, such as chipped, worn, or cracked, it likely becomes sensitive because its protective coating has been disturbed. Additionally, teeth grinding is the common cause of excessive wear on teeth, which becomes susceptible to sensitivity. Dental work, such as a filling or worn crown or damage, can also leave the nerves exposed and at risk of sensitivity.
Overbrushing:
When you have clear braces, there’s nothing more important than regular tooth brushing with the proper technique. Brushing your teeth too hard at the gum line can damage the gum and root surface, causing sensitivity. A soft toothbrush and light touch are less likely to damage the teeth and gums.
Acidic Food and Drinks:
The food and drinks you consume can also cause tooth surface loss. Regular consumption of high-sugar and acidic foods attacks the enamel, increasing tooth sensitivity. When you have teeth braces, avoiding soft drinks, orange juice, and sticky sweet foods becomes even more crucial, as they harm the enamel and can result in white spots on your teeth when you remove the braces.
Tooth Decay:
Decay leads to the exposure of the dentin in the tooth. You’re more likely to experience localized tooth sensitivity at the decay site than in all your teeth. However, the pulp (nerve) of the tooth may become infected and inflamed due to bacteria in the decay, causing the tooth to become even more sensitive to cold or hot stimuli.
Bleaching & Whitening Toothpaste:
It’s common for people to experience sensitive teeth after undergoing teeth whitening or bleaching at the dentist or home. Even whitening toothpaste can cause sensitivity. The sensitivity usually reduces after several days of finishing treatment or using whitening toothpaste.
Using teeth whitening or bleaching while wearing braces can lead to uneven shades of whiteness after you remove your braces. If you resist whitening your teeth while you have braces, wait until just after you remove them so that they will have a consistently bright color.
Sensitive Teeth Treatments:
Desensitizing toothpaste:
You can find desensitizing toothpaste at the pharmacy or supermarket, specifically designed to alleviate sensitive teeth. Incorporate this toothpaste into your oral care routine twice daily instead of your regular one. Make sure to use a toothbrush with soft bristles for optimal results.
Enamel Booster:
Some people may also experience success with enamel booster products. These products have a rich quality of fluoride, and calcium phosphate ingredients act as enable boosters.
Root Canal:
If your sensitive teeth result in intense pain and other treatments prove ineffective, your dentist may suggest a root canal procedure. A root canal addresses issues with the dental pulp, the tooth’s soft core. While it is a significant treatment, it is regarded as the most successful method for eliminating tooth sensitivity.
Are you looking for a permanent solution for teeth sensitivity, missing teeth, or wisdom tooth extraction? Book your consultation with Versailles Dental Clinic in Dubai for a radiant and confident smile.
Mouth guard:
If you have a tendency to grind your teeth, your doctor may prescribe a custom-made mouth guard to protect your teeth from further decay. It will help in reducing sensitivity caused by enabling erosion.
Avoid Acidic Foods and Beverages:
The key reason why enamel erosion occurs is because of acidic food and drinks, which may weaken and wear away the enamel. You must consciously limit the consumption of highly acidic foods and beverages to prevent enamel erosion. Remember that if you consume acidic foods or drinks occasionally, raising your mouth with water afterward can help to reduce the impact on your teeth.
Conclusion:
Our teeth are an integral part of our overall health. Nurturing our teeth with care and a holistic approach can contribute to overall health and vitality. So, if you are ready to tackle tooth sensitivity, open communication with your dental doctor can help create an environment of sensitivity-free smiles.
You May Also Like:
Everything You Need to Know About Wisdom Tooth Extraction
Clear Braces: The Invisible Alternative to Brace
The Perfect Hollywood Smile
Dental Clinic in Dubai: A Comprehensive Guide
Dental Implants: The Ultimate Guide
To book a consultation with our team, contact us now!
Versailles Dental Clinic Dubai – Dubai Health Care City.
Disclaimer : The content of this article is not a substitute for professional dental advice.
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Dentistry
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in
Top Reasons of Muscle Fatigue and How To Get Instant Relief?
In an ideal world, when chasing greatness in the gym, we’d train for hours at a time, constantly making gains, building muscle, burning fat, and bettering ourselves in the progress while barely breaking a sweat. Unfortunately, the human anatomy doesn’t work that way, and if we are serious about getting in shape, we need to know our limits. People often wonder what causes muscle fatigue, and in truth, it’s a very valid question. Understanding how the human body works can give you a valuable insight into your training as it can help identify what you’re doing right, and what you’re potentially doing wrong.
We all experience muscular fatigue in some form or another. For some, this fatigue is nothing more than a minor inconvenience that slows down their progress, yet for others, muscle fatigue can cause their workouts to come grinding to a halt. To help you understand this highly complex physiological process, we’ve very helpfully compiled this article for you to read. By the time you’ve finished, hopefully you’ll have a clear and concise understanding of what causes muscle fatigue and at how you can avoid it yourself.
What Is Muscle Fatigue?
Have you ever noticed how when you’re working out in the gym, or playing sports, how your muscles begin to feel stiff, sore, and tired? They may feel weak and devoid of any energy or power. If so, this is almost certainly due to muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue affects individuals of all ages, shapes, sizes, and genders, and can be caused by a number of different variables. You see, physical exertion can be a primary cause, but so too can a nutritionally deficiency be, or even an injury or genetic factor.
Experts out there, have spoke in the past about how muscular fatigue can be brought on by an inability of an individual’s central nervous system, to be able to communicate with the metabolism, or a person’s muscular tissue.
The risks of muscle fatigue
If you experience muscular fatigue, you need to understand the risks and dangers associated with the condition in question.
There are many downsides associated with muscular fatigue, with some key examples including:
Loss of strength
This first downside is fairly obvious, but that doesn’t make it any less dangerous. You see, if your muscles are fatigued, they will fail to find the energy required to contract during periods of physical exertion, which basically means that you will not be as strong as you may have hoped. Not only is this frustrating in the gym, it can also be dangerous.
Say you’re attempting to lift heavy weights, but find that your muscles are fatigued, you will struggle to lift the weight and run the risk of crushing yourself with the bar, or dropping heavy dumbbells down upon yourself. Many people have injured themselves through a loss of strength during muscle fatigue, so be careful.
Less-productive workouts
Another downside of muscle fatigue is the fact that it can result in less-productive workouts. In your mind, you may be ready to run for 5 miles on a treadmill, or perform 5 circuits in the gym, yet if your muscles are fatigued, you simply won’t get anywhere close to what you were hoping for. It doesn’t matter how mentally strong you are, if your muscles don’t have the energy then you simply can’t get the most out of your workout, no matter how hard you try.
Pain and discomfort
When most people suffer with muscle fatigue, they don’t just experience a loss of energy and strength, they also often find themselves in pain and discomfort. Muscular fatigue is often characterized by sore, stiff, and aching muscles, which again can hinder your progress when training and can affect your overall quality of life in the process.
Now that we’ve looked at the dangers and potential downsides associated with muscle fatigue, it’s now time to get a clearer understanding of what it is that actually causes it in the first place. Some primary causes of muscle fatigue include the following:
Lactic acid build-ups
One of the primary causes of muscle fatigue is a build-up of lactic acid. Lactic acid is a by-product of physical exertion and is initially used as a form of energy. However, as mentioned on Onsteroidslab.com, the body can only utilize so much lactate in one sitting, and once that has been used up, any that is left behind is stored in the muscles as lactic acid.
However, this creates an acidic environment in the muscles that results in muscle tissue becoming tender, sore, and stiff. It can also result in muscle spasms and muscle cramps.
Failure to warm up
You know how personal trainers, doctors, and other experts always go on about the importance of warming up before exercise? Well, there’s a very good reason for this, so it is best that you take their advice. Another incredibly common cause of muscular fatigue is failure to warm up before taking part in physical exercise or exertion. You see, if you jump straight into a workout, your muscles will be shocked because initially they were in a rested state. It’s like you suddenly being woken up in the middle of the night and dragged into a 10k Marathon while still in your PJs.
By taking the time to stretch the muscles and warm up, you help to boost circulation and nutrients to them, and you help give them a little heads up that they’re about to be put through their paces.
Nutrient Deficiencies
In order for our muscles to function as they should, we require a certain amount of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other nutrients. Some of the most important minerals for muscular health and performance for example, include things like magnesium and potassium. These minerals help ensure that the muscles perform as they should, and they help to prevent things like muscle cramps, soreness, stiffness, and fatigue. You may have noticed how people often recommend eating a banana, to an athlete that is suffering from muscle cramps and stiffness.
This is because bananas are naturally rich in potassium. Experts recommend getting a combination of vitamins and minerals from whole foods, drinks, and supplements in order to promote optimal muscle health and function.
Reduced levels of activity
While excessive physical exertion can cause muscle cramps and fatigue due to lactic acid build ups, sometimes a lack of exercise and physical activity can be even worse. You see, when people lead sedentary lifestyles and don’t get enough exercise, they may suffer from poor circulation. Oxygen and nutrients are transported to the muscle cells via the blood stream, so obviously the weaker a person’s circulation, the less oxygen, energy, and nutrients the muscle cells will be able to absorb.
If your muscles constantly feel tired, weak, and sore, try gradually increasing the amount of physical exercise you perform on a weekly basis and see if you notice any visible improvements.
What can be done to treat and prevent muscle fatigue?
Now that we know what can cause muscle fatigue, it’s now time to take a look at what can be done to help treat and prevent muscle fatigue. For starters, you can make sure that you always stretch and warm up before exercising, and that you perform a simple cool-down routine once you finish training. Getting enough nutrients in dietary form is also very important. If you do feel that you are exercising too frequently, you can try cutting back on your workouts and getting more rest and recovery.
If you aren’t getting enough exercise, you can try doing more. Massages from professionals can also be very beneficial as they can help loosen up tight muscle tissues and rid them of stored lactic acid.
Remember, in order to treat your fatigued muscles, it’s vital that you try to understand what has caused them in the first place.
So, read this article, look at your own training regime, look at your diet, and try to decide which course of action to take next.
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6 Best Anti Fatigue Foods to Keep You Active Whole Day
3 Reasons Why Healthy Skin is Impossible Without Humidity! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Chris Birch (game designer)
Chris Birch is a game designer who has worked primarily on role-playing games (RPGs).
Early life
When Birch was 8, one of his brothers introduced him to Dungeons & Dragons. He then moved on to Ogre and other board wargames as well as Napoleonic wargames.
Without many friends who shared his passions, Birch started to design solo rules for his various games.
Birch worked in London in the music business. He is married to Rita.
Career
As a young adult, Birch had read the British comic series Starblazer: Science Adventure in Picture (1979–1991). In August 2006, Birch discovered that the Starblazer series had an RPG playing game license available. Years earlier, Birch had discussed a board game design with Angus Abranson of Cubicle 7, so he reached out to Abranson about creating a Starblazer RPG. Abranson was interested and encouraged Birch to create his first professional game, Starblazer Adventures with friend Stuart Newman. Birch and Newman decided to use the Fate game system rather than try to invent a new game engine. Cubicle 7 published the result in 2008.
Two years later, Birch worked with Sarah Newton to design Legends of Anglerre (2010), an RPG based on fantasy stories published in Starblazer.
In 2012, Birch set up Modiphius Entertainment with himself as the Chief Creative Officer, and used Kickstarter to raise the funds for the production of Achtung! Cthulhu, which Birch produced and directed. Birch co-founded the company with his partner Rita. Birch was the publishing director for Modiphius, and also organised the Dragonmeet convention in 2017.
Birch created the game Cohorts of Cthulhu. Birch developed the universe of the Dreams and Machines role-playing game. | WIKI |
Manoj Muduli Manoj Muduli - 10 months ago 44
MySQL Question
Find number of items left based upon credit's id and all ids prior
I have a
t
variable which contains 100 and one table .
that table name
credit
and it contains the following data
Id
1
2
3
I would like the result set to look like this:
result
99 (100 - 1)
97 (100 - 2 - 1)
94 (100 - 3 - 2 - 1)
So far, I have been able to use the following code successfully:
set @t=100;
select @t:=@t-id as result from credit;
Is there a way to do this without using a variable?
Answer
This is quite simple and you shouldn't have to use the variable at all:
SELECT 100-(SELECT SUM(c2.id) FROM credit c2 WHERE c2.id <= c.id)
FROM credit c;
Here is a SQL Fiddle for you: http://sqlfiddle.com/#!9/1fc3c6/6
The subquery simply gets the sum of all numbers including, and prior to the credit id. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Num-Heavymetallic
Num-Heavymetallic is the fourth and final studio album by Japanese rock band Number Girl, released on April 26, 2002. It peaked at number 91 on the Oricon Albums Chart. | WIKI |
TDD in Ruby Course
Thursday, December 14, 2006
Functional Testing in Rails that Requires Login
For RESTful authentication, there is a
login_as(user) method in AuthenticatedTestHelper module that sets the
current user
in the session from the user fixtures. This is under the lib directory.
In my functional test, I have:
def test_should_show_billing_profile_for_valid_login
login_as (:aaron)
get :show, :id => :aaron.id
assert_response :success
assert_select "html:root>head>title", "BillingProfiles: show"
end
users.yml looks like this:
quentin:
id: 1
login: quentin
email: quentin@example.com
salt: 7e3041ebc2fc05a40c60028e2c4901a81035d3cd
crypted_password: 00742970dc9e6319f8019fd54864d3ea740f04b1 # test
created_at: <%= 5.days.ago.to_s :db %>
aaron:
id: 2
login: aaron
email: aaron@example.com
salt: 7e3041ebc2fc05a40c60028e2c4901a81035d3cd
crypted_password: 00742970dc9e6319f8019fd54864d3ea740f04b1 # test
created_at: <%= 1.days.ago.to_s :db %>
class BillingProfilesController < ApplicationController
before_filter :login_required
def show
@user = User.find(session[:user], :include => [:billing_profile])
@billing_profile = @user.billing_profile
respond_to do |format|
format.html # show.rhtml
format.xml { render :xml => @billing_profile.to_xml }
end
end
The problem was that I was using session[:user_id] in my controller
whereas the RESTful authentication
module is using session[:user] as shown below:
module AuthenticatedTestHelper
# Sets the current user in the session from the user fixtures.
def login_as(user)
@request.session[:user] = user ? users(user).id : nil
end
....
So I changed my controller code to use session[:user] and my tests now
pass! The plugin itself has the API to help you do the functional
testing. Very nice indeed.
Monday, December 04, 2006
Installing Sqlite3 on Mac OS 10.4
1. Install DarwinPorts, download DarwinPorts 1.3.2-archive.tar.gz, unzip it.
2. Copy unzipped folder to some location
3. cd to that location cd darwinports/base and run ./configure
4. make
5. sudo make install
6. Add export PATH=$PATH:/opt/local/bin to ~/.profile
7. Either logout of Mac or do source .profile
8. Run port sync
9. sudo port install rb-sqlite3
10.Run sqlite databasename in a shell. You will go to the sqlite command prompt.
You can now create tables and run sql queries. The advantage of this database is that it speeds up the testing during development. It is very fast.
Rails Cheat Sheets
1. Assert Select CheatSheet
2. Ruby on Rails CheatSheet
3. Textmate Rails CheatSheet
4. Scriptaculous CheatSheet
5. RJS Demystified
6. Form Helpers CheatSheet
7. Active Record Relationships CheatSheet
8. AJAX CheatSheet
9. Ruby on Rails Testing CheatSheet
10. TextMate CheatSheet for Rails Developers | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Short sleep duration is dose-dependently related to job strain and burnout in nurses: A cross sectional survey
Weishan Chin, Yue Leon Guo, Yu Ju Hung, Chiu Yueh Yang, Judith Shu Chu Shiao
研究成果: 雜誌貢獻文章
24 引文 斯高帕斯（Scopus）
摘要
Objectives: Lack of sleep is a common problem amongst nurses. Short sleep duration has been related to stress and burnout. However, in nurses, the effects of short sleep duration on job strain and burnout are controversial and a clear relationship has been lacking. This study aims to assess whether short sleep duration is related to job strain and burnout statue, and whether such relationship is in a dose-dependent manner. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among female nurses in secondary referral health centers in Taiwan, using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Stratified sampling by region and patient bed number category was done to select representative centers for this survey. Approximately 10% of all secondary referral centers were randomly selected from each stratum. Non-linear dose-response relationship between sleep duration and job strain and burnout scores was assessed by general additive models (GAM), adjusting for personal characteristics, work condition, and family situation. Results: Among the 2268 full-time nurses in 39 hospitals invited to participate in this study, 1384 (61%) satisfactorily completed the questionnaire. There were 169 nurses (12.2%) who slept less than 6. h per working day. Among the participants, 37% (n= 512) were classified into high strain group. The mean scores of personal, work-related, and client-related burnout were 59.4 (SD = 22.0), 54.6 (SD = 21.7), and 42.3 (SD = 18.6). Compared to those slept longer than 7. h, nurse who slept less than 6. h per working day had higher risk for job strain (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.8, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.2-2.7), personal burnout (AOR = 3.0, CI = 1.7-5.2), work-related burnout (AOR = 3.4, CI = 2.0-6.0), and client-related burnout (AOR = 2.0, CI = 1.2-3.6). GAM analysis found a linear relationship between sleep duration and job strain, and client-related burnout. For personal and work-related burnout, a linear increase in burnout score between 7. h and 5. h of sleep was observed, followed by a leveling off for durations of less than 5. h. Conclusion: Our study found sleep duration at working days was inversely associated with female nurses' job strain and burnout in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies on work factors which affecting sleep duration are warranted.
原文英語
頁（從 - 到）297-306
頁數10
期刊International Journal of Nursing Studies
52
發行號1
DOIs
出版狀態已發佈 - 一月 1 2015
對外發佈Yes
Keywords
• Burnout
• Job strain
• Night shift work
• Nurses
• Sleep duration
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Nursing(all)
指紋 深入研究「Short sleep duration is dose-dependently related to job strain and burnout in nurses: A cross sectional survey」主題。共同形成了獨特的指紋。
• 引用此 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
ECB’s Bini Smaghi Says EFSF Should Buy Bonds on Secondary Market
The European Central Bank renewed
its call for politicians to empower Europe ’s rescue fund to buy
government bonds on the secondary market. ECB Executive Board member Lorenzo Bini Smaghi said in an
interview with Greece ’s To Vima newspaper that it would be
“useful” to allow the European Financial Stability Facility to
buy bonds on the open market, according to a transcript
published by the Frankfurt-based ECB today. “This would allow the private sector to sell bonds at
their market value, which is currently lower than the nominal
value,” Bini Smaghi said. “This would allow the private sector
to sell while the public sector would save money. Such an option
was not included in the design of the EFSF. If there is a way to
change the EFSF, that would be useful.” European leaders in March declined to authorize the EFSF to
purchase bonds on the secondary market a role the ECB assumed
last year as the Greek debt crisis escalated. Bini Smaghi said
the onus remains on Greece to pursue its fiscal consolidation
program. He also encouraged Greek banks to sell foreign assets. “The Greek banks have to sell some assets abroad, get
fresh money in the system to be able to contribute to the
recovery, do mergers even with foreign banks to bring foreign
capital,” he said. “If you consider the fully hypothetical
situation in which all Greek banks were owned by foreign capital,
as was the case in eastern Europe, then a lot of problems in
Greece would be eased.” To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Matthew Brockett at
mbrockett1@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Lee Thomas (reporter)
Lee Thomas (born September 15, 1967) is an author and an Emmy award winning entertainment reporter for WJBK Fox 2 News in Southfield, Michigan.
Personal life
Thomas has vitiligo, a disease that causes the skin to lose its pigmentation.
Education
Thomas obtained his Bachelor of Arts in Communication from George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia.
Career
Thomas travels the world as a motivational speaker and shares his story about his vitiligo. As a broadcaster, Thomas began his career working for "Channel One" News in New York City. Here he was responsible for covering the Oscars and the MTV Movie Awards. Soon after, he spent some time working for "Louisville Tonight Live." He was then hired by WABC 7 where he worked as the entertainment and feature reporter. After his time in New York City, he moved to Detroit to work at WJBK Fox 2 Detroit as a weekend anchor.
Book
His book "Turning White" was taken from his personal journals and experiences from his vitiligo. Lee had various television appearances to discuss his book, Turning White. He appeared on The Hour with George Stroumboulopoulos, Larry King Live, and 20/20.
Honors and awards
Thomas has won four Emmy Awards as an anchor and producer. | WIKI |
Yorkshire Pullman
The Yorkshire Pullman was a named passenger train operating in the United Kingdom.
History
The service was introduced from the timetable change on 30 September 1935 by the London and North Eastern Railway.
It started life as the Harrogate Pullman Limited in 1923. In 1928 it was renamed the West Riding Pullman and ran between London King's Cross and Newcastle. It was renamed the Yorkshire Pullman in 1935 and terminated at Harrogate, with a through portion for Hull via Doncaster. For Hull it offered a three and a half hour schedule to London. It departed Hull at 11:10am, and gave a businessman two clear hours in London before returning from King's Cross at 4:45pm.
In 1937 the service was accelerated with the journey time reduced by 15 minutes.
The service was suspended for the duration of the Second World War and resumed on 4 November 1946. It departed Harrogate at 10:20am, and arrived at King's Cross at 1:58pm. The return journey departed King's Cross at 3:50pm and arrived in Harrogate at 8:20pm. The service was suspended on 14 February 1947 because of the nationwide fuel crisis and it restarted in October of the same year. The service quickly became popular and by 1950 the demand had led to the train being formed of 11 coaches, with accommodation for 108 first class and 192 third class passengers.
It was withdrawn by British Rail in 1978. In 1995 the name was used for a new service from London King's Cross to Leeds. This survived until 2004. | WIKI |
Inorganic compounds that contain chlorine as an integral part of the molecule.
Chloramines are disinfection byproducts formed when chlorine reacts with organic matter in water.
A greenish-yellow, diatomic gas that is a member of the halogen family of elements. It has the atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 70.906. It is a powerful irritant that can cause fatal pulmonary edema. Chlorine is used in manufacturing, as a reagent in synthetic chemistry, for water purification, and in the production of chlorinated lime, which is used in fabric bleaching.
Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Rendering pathogens harmless through the use of heat, antiseptics, antibacterial agents, etc. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Access ReactiveVar from helper (indirectly)
How can I access ReactiveVar in the construction like below?
Template.profile.helpers({
user: {
...
gender: () => Template.instance().genderFlag.get(), //returns Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'genderFlag' of null
...
},
});
Returns error because Template.instance() inside gender: is null
This is how I create ReactiveVar:
Template.profile.onCreated( function() {
this.genderFlag = new ReactiveVar(0);
});
Why do you have an object labeled with user ? Try directly
Template.profile.helpers({
gender: () => Template.instance().genderFlag.get()
})
Because I use {{#with}}. I can access it directly, but how can I access it indirectly?
The usage of {{#with}} is unrelated. Can you show us your html template code ?
{{#with user}}
...
<button type="button" name="Male" class="{{#if gender '1'}}gender--selected{{/if}}">Male</button>
<button type="button" name="Female" class="{{#if gender '2'}}gender--selected{{/if}}">Female</button>
...
{{/with}}
and in .js:
Template.profile.helpers({
user: {
...
gender: (g) => g === Template.instance().genderFlag.get(),
...
},
});
1 Like
Answered here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/37410040/access-reactivevar-template-instance-from-helper-indirectly
Is there any reason you don’t want to flatten those helpers ?
With your version you save a couple of calls to the reactive variable but you are building functions on the fly which is probably just equally expensive.
<button type="button" name="Male" class="{{isMale}}">Male</button>
<button type="button" name="Female" class="{{isFemale}}">Female</button>
Template.profile.helpers({
gender: () => Template.instance().gender.get(),
isMale: () => (Template.instance().gender.get() == 1) ? "male" : "",
isFemale: () => (Template.instance().gender.get() == 2) ? "female" : ""
})
The flat code is probably more idiomatic. The only case when I build functions on the fly in this setting is when the common computation is expensive (crunching data) and it’s hard to cache - otherwise you just compute it on the first call and just read the cache on subsequent calls.
@diegoolivier Thank you for your help. I am relatively new to Meteor.
What do you mean by:
So in those situations it is better to make more helpers, than to make helper which accepts args?
I.e. Better to make this:
.html
<select class="" name="language">
<option value="en" selected="{{langIsEn}}">en</option>
<option value="sp" selected="{{langIsSP}}">sp</option>
</select>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1" checked="{{isMale}}" id="male"><label for="male">Male</label>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="2" checked="{{isFemale}}" id="female"><label for="female">Female</label>
.js
Template.profile.helpers({
langIsSP: () => 'sp' === Template.instance().language.get()
langIsEn: () => 'en' === Template.instance().language.get()
isMale: () => '1' === Template.instance().genderFlag.get()
isFemale: () => '2' === Template.instance().genderFlag.get()
});
instead of this:
.html
<select class="" name="language">
<option value="en" selected="{{lang 'en'}}">en</option>
<option value="sp" selected="{{lang 'sp'}}">sp</option>
</select>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1" checked="{{gender '1'}}" id="male"><label for="male">Male</label>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="2" checked="{{gender '2'}}" id="female"><label for="female">Female</label>
.js
Template.profile.helpers({
lang: (lang) => lang === Template.instance().language.get()
gender: (gender) => gender === Template.instance().genderFlag.get()
});
??
Your second example (2 helpers) is better than the first one (4 helpers).
What you should avoid (unless you really know what you are doing) is to create functions on the fly like you were trying to do with the very first example
Template.profile.helpers({
avoid_unless_you_know_what_you_are_doing : () => {
const c = Template.instance().gender.get()
return {
f1 : v => (c == v) ? "equal" : "nonequal",
f2 : () => c
}
}
})
Thank you. Now it becomes more clear, but I still not yet fully understood…
This is what I have now:
Template.profile.helpers({
user() {
return {
email: () => bar
, isEmailConfirmed: () => 1 === foo
, phoneNumber: () => bar
, phoneCode: (phoneCode) => phoneCode === foo
, nameSurname: () => {
let nameSurname = foo + ' ' + bar;
return nameSurname.trim();
}
, lang: (lang) => lang === foo
, gender: (gender) => gender === bar
};
}
});
Everything is under user() because I want to pass user context and use it with {{#with user}} in my spacebars .html. Am I doing it wrong? Is use of {{#with}} inexpedient? Are these computations expensive in regards to the performance?
Do what works for you. What matters is that you easily understand and are able to maintain your code.
That said, I would have written it this way
Template.profile.helpers({
user : () => ({ // Just return data
username : "myname",
id : Template.instance().id.get(),
gender : "male"
}),
isMale : g => (g == "male"), // use data as parameter
})
<template name="profile">
{{#with user}} <!-- gets the data -->
<p>name : {{username}}</p> <!-- uses the data -->
<p>is male ? : {{isMale gender}}</p> <!-- passes the data to a helper -->
{{/with}}
</template>
1 Like | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Gissing - The Nether World, vol. III, 1889.djvu/200
190 a public-house door; he hurried nearer, and found that the object of interest was a man in the clutch of two others. The latter, he perceived at a glance, were police-officers in plain clothes; the man arrested was—Jack Bartley himself.
Jack was beside himself with terror; he had only that moment been brought out of the bar, and was pleading shrilly in an agony of cowardice.
“It ain’t me as made ’em! I never made one in my life! I’ll tell you who it is—I’ll tell you where to find him—it’s Bob Hewlett as lives in Merlin Place! You’ve took the wrong man. It ain’t me as made ’em! I’ll tell you the whole truth, or may I never speak another word! It’s Bob Hewett made ’em all—he lives in Merlin Place, Clerkenwell. I’ll tell you”
Thus far had Bob heard before he recovered sufficiently from the shock to move a limb. The officers were urging their prisoner forward, grinning and nodding to each other, whilst several voices from the crowd shouted abusively at the poltroon whose first instinct was to betray his associate. Bob turned his face | WIKI |
America's Crusaders
"America's Crusaders" is a World War I song with words and music written by Charles Fonteyn Manney. It was copyrighted on August 16, 1918, and published by Oliver Ditson in Boston in two forms: for four-part ensemble of mixed voices and for four-part ensemble of male voices, with baritone soloist.
History
Manney was a well-known Boston composer and choir director who also worked as a music editor for Oliver Ditson. For its 1918 Fourth of July concert, the Boston Pops Orchestra asked Stephen Townsend to lead three sets of songs to be sung by a male chorus, and evidently Townsend evidently requested or commissioned Manney to produce a commemorative work. The work is in a cultivated style, with words and rhythm evoking a heroic slow march and textures suitable for upper-class church anthems. As befits Manney's professional standing and experience, it is harmonically sophisticated, though not at all innovative.
Although copyrighted in August, “America’s Crusaders” was only made available in published form in November, as the War neared its end. Hence, though written to support the troops (the lyric opens with "As we go to battle, Motherland, for thee"), it was marketed as a patriotic anthem for general use. Ditson made only a modest effort to promote it, but nevertheless, over the next decade it received several performances by amateur ensembles ranging from church groups to civic organizations to high school ensembles. In the mid-1920s it receded from view, but it was retained in Ditson's catalogue, and Manney renewed the copyright in 1946. Its greatest impact, however, came three years later, when it was sung, in part, at the start and finish of the celebrated television documentary Crusade in Europe. | WIKI |
Hylo Open
The Hylo Open, formerly known as the BMW Badminton Cup, BMW Open, Bitburger Masters, Bitburger Open and SaarLorLux Open, is an international badminton tournament held at the Saarlandhalle in Saarbrücken, Germany, since 1988. It was sponsored by the German automobile company BMW and German pilsner beer brewery Bitburger; since 2021, it is sponsored by Saarbrücken-based eye lubrication company Hylo.
In 2018, this event was selected as part of the BWF Tour Super 100. In 2021, the tournament was upgraded to Super 500 category tournament and was renamed Hylo Open, before got downgraded to Super 300 the next year. | WIKI |
User:NotJustTypical
Welcome to my page! I try my best to fix any errors that I come across on this website. | WIKI |
Boondocks (disambiguation)
Boondocks are remote, usually brushy areas.
Boondocks may also refer to:
* The Boondocks (comic strip), a comic strip by Aaron McGruder
* The Boondocks (TV series), the television series based on the aforementioned comic strip
* The Boondocks (canceled TV series), a cancelled reboot of the aforementioned television series
* "Boondocks" (song), a 2005 song by Little Big Town
* Boondocks Road, a road in Texas
* The Boondock Saints, a 1999 action crime drama film
* "Down in the Boondocks" (song), a 1965 song by Billy Joe Royal
* Boondock, a fictional settlement in the Lazarus Long novel series by Robert A. Heinlein; see | WIKI |
Baco
Baco a municipality in Oriental Mindoro. It's a quiet place, out of the way of the bustling night-life and commerce of Puerto Galera and Sabang, 45 minutes to the west (by jeepney), and the uninteresting capital of Calapan, 30 minutes to the east.
Understand
Baco is the mini capital of an area consisting of 27 agriculturally oriented barangays. It serves as the shopping center for small things, as the meeting point for the people, the place where the (high) schools are, and it is a jeepney-stop for Calapan-Puerto Galera jeepneys. Baco officially has about 35000 inhabitants, but in Baco proper you will probably not even find a thousand of them. The rest live by farming in the barangays.
Get in
You can get to Baco via Puerto Galera or via Calapan. Travel by jeepney or by air-conditioned van. Baco has no harbor, and there is only one road going through Baco, the western Nautical Highway.
Get around
Getting around in Baco is easy. Take a jeepney, walk around the whole town in 20 minutes, buy a mineral water, and sit and wait for the next jeepney to continue your trip.
See
In Baco, there is essentially nothing to see that is anything special. It is just a quiet, friendly, safe, small town with nice people.
Do
For a tourist, there is nothing to do in Baco, except enjoying the tranquillity.
Buy
Locals buy small everyday things and school supplies in Baco. Tourists can buy some fruits and mineral water.
Eat
Baco has a series of very small mom-and-pop restaurants. The food is generally safe to eat for tourists, but the water should be avoided. There is no need to make a list of restaurants as they are all within a very short walk from each other. Also, they all base their menu on the ingredients that are locally available (rice, pork or chicken, and some vegetables of that season). All restaurants can modify food to your demand.
Drink
Mineral water and whatever else comes from a bottle. The town has no bars, no disco, no theater, etc.
Sleep
There is one hotel in Baco, near the gas-station.
Go next
* San Teodoro | WIKI |
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Author
Applet HTML question
Norm Radder
Ranch Hand
Joined: Aug 10, 2005
Posts: 685
Hi,
I'd want to have the HTTP GETs from a browser go thru a cgi script both for the HTML and the java classes.
How do I code that?
This HTML will send the browser to the cgi for the HTML:
<A href="cgi-bin/GetAFile.pl?Testing\AppletLoader.html">
This is the HTTP GET created by the above:
GET /cgi-bin/GetAFile.pl?Testing\AppletLoader.html HTTP/1.1
Now I'd like the browser to issue this GET:
GET /cgi-bin/GetAFile.pl?Testing/AppletLoader.class HTTP/1.1
How do I code the HTML to cause the browser to issue this GET?
My attempts at using the code= and codebase= have failed:
//This one failed html=codebase="GetAFile.pl%3f"
GET /cgi-bin/GetAFile.pl%3f/AppletLoader.class HTTP/1.1 <<< Close?
//This one failed html=codebase="GetAFile.pl?" how to send a ?
Browser does two gets:
First: GET /cgi-bin/AppletLoader.class HTTP/1.1
Second: GET /cgi-bin/AppletLoader/class.class HTTP/1.1
//Failed html=<APPLET CODE="cgi-bin/GetAFile.pl?AppletLoader.class"
GET /cgi-bin/cgi-bin/GetAFile/pl?AppletLoader.class HTTP/1.1
Note: .pl changed to /pl???
// Failed html=codebase="GetAFile.pl?"
GET /cgi-bin/AppletLoader.class HTTP/1.1
//Almost?? html=codebase="GetAFile.pl%3FTesting/" <<< should %3f Be decoded by server??
GET /cgi-bin/GetAFile.pl%3FTesting/AppletLoader.class HTTP/1.1
I've been testing on my own server and perhaps it should decode the %3F in the last example.
Thanks,
Norm
Ulf Dittmer
Marshal
Joined: Mar 22, 2005
Posts: 41068
43
I'm not quite clear on what you're trying to achieve. Do you actually want to run the applet? Or just download the class file? To run the applet, not the browser but the JVM would need to download the class file. How that happens is governed by the URLClassLoader class, so a look at the source of that might help. URLClassLoader may make use of the networking capabilities of the browser, but I doubt that it understands parameters.
Maybe if you map URLs on the server, you could make URLs that trigger CGIs look like regular directory/file URLs, and thus fool the JVM into accessing dynamic content for its class files.
Ping & DNS - my free Android networking tools app
Norm Radder
Ranch Hand
Joined: Aug 10, 2005
Posts: 685
Ulf,
Thanks for the response. I see you're working today.
I'm trying to write a poor man's applet code protector using a perl script.
> To run the applet, not the browser but the JVM would need to download the class file
The HTTP GETs I posted for the class file were cause by the following java statement:
Class appletClass = Class.forName(appletToLoad);
>URLClassLoader may make use of the networking capabilities of the browser, but I doubt that it understands parameters.
Somewhere in the JVM, it issues an HTTP GET for the class file. I've captured the GET statements I posted as they hit the server.
I've tried various combinations and have some that are close, but not exactly correct.
Since my server is homegrown, I wonder if when it receives:
GET /cgi-bin/GetAFile.pl%3FTesting/AppletLoader.class HTTP/1.1
should it decode the %3F to a ? before stripping off the query string?
Norm Radder
Ranch Hand
Joined: Aug 10, 2005
Posts: 685
codebase="GetAFile2.pl/Testing"
This value for the applet attribute seems to work.
I agree. Here's the link: http://aspose.com/file-tools
subject: Applet HTML question
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How do I generate a org.apache.commons.httpclient.ProtocolException ? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of machine translation software
The result was d elete. - Mailer Diablo 11:35, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
List of machine translation software
* – (View AfD) (View log)
Consist almost entirely of external links accompanied by brief spam-ish descriptions. Mr. Z- man 16:24, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
* Delete - Look at the article's history, it's a spamfest and even contains unsourced claims. Could be replaced by a category of notable products, but I still think there aren't many. Roadmr (t|c) 18:40, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
* Delete - This article has become a link farm pointing to many sites either promoting products or with exessive amounts of advertisements. Falls under WP:SPAM. Calltech 01:55, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
* Delete - This is directory info - Replace the notable ones with a category, but I see no purpose for this list other than advertising Corpx 04:25, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
| WIKI |
syconium
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the fleshy multiple fruit of the fig consisting of an enlarged hollow receptacle containing numerous fruitlets
References in periodicals archive ?
They reviewed the differing mutualisms amongst symbiotic associations and in some symbiotic systems other than lichens, for example the genus Ficus and the wasps that pollinate the syconium (flower head), both wasps and species of Ficus are similarly species diverse (Berg & Wiebes, 1992; Proctor et al.
Stimulative parthenocarpy occurs when a symbiotic wasp enters the syconium of a female fig tree and places its ovipositor in long-style flowers without laying eggs, although other mechanisms are also known (Storey 1975: 580).
Although one syconium and 4913 drupelets are also listed for Netiv Hagdud (Kislev et al.
Genetics and cytology of syconium persistence in Ficus carica. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 102 Part 5.djvu/340
102 STAT. 4346
Reports.
PUBLIC LAW 100-690—NOV. 18, 1988
(3) $656,000 for additional law clerks and clerical support staff: (4) $4,100,000 for additional renovation of court facilities; and (5) $4,756,000 for additional United States magistrates. (b) JUDICIAL CONFERENCE.—(1) The Judicial Conference of the United States shall prepare a report evaluating the impact of drugrelated criminal activity on the Federal Judiciary. The Judicial Conference shall make its recommendations on the basis of the drug-related resource needs of the district courts. The report shall further contain a complete explanation of the specific criteria used in making its recommendations, including the officials and sources consulted on the impact of drug-related cases in specific judicial district courts. The report shall further contain a complete explanation of the specific criteria used in making its recommendations, including the officials and sources consulted on the impact of drugrelated cases in specific judicial districts. (2) The report required by paragraph (1) shall be transmitted to the United States House of Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the United States Senate not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this section. (c) FEDERAL PUBLIC DEFENDER AND COMMUNITY DEFENDER.—There
is authorized to be appropriated for the operation of Federal Public Defender and Community Defender organizations, the compensation and reimbursement of expenses of attorneys appointed to represent persons under the Criminal Justice Act of 1964, as amended, the compensation and reimbursement of expenses of persons furnishing investigative, expert and other services under the Criminal Justice Act, the compensation (in accordance with Criminal Justice Act maximums) and reimbursement of expenses of attorneys appointed to assist the court in criminal cases where the defendant has waived representation by counsel, $28,700,000 to remain available until expended: Provided, That such appropriation shall be in addition to any appropriations provided in regular appropriations Acts or continuing resolutions for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1989. (d) JURORS FEES AND EXPENSES.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Federal courts for fees and expenses of jurors and compensation of jury commissioners, $2,378,000 to remain available until expended: Provided, That such appropriation shall be in addition to any appropriations provided in regular appropriations Acts or continuing resolutions for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1989. (e) SECURITY EQUIPMENT.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Federal courts for necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, incident to the procurement, installation, and maintenance of security equipment and protective services for the United States courts in courtrooms and adjacent areas, including building ingressegress control, inspection of packages, directed security patrols, and other similar activities, $4,920,000 to remain available until expended: Provided, That such appropriation shall be in addition to any appropriations provided in r ^ u l a r appropriations Acts or continuing resolutions for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1989. SEC. 6160. THE NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMISSION ON LAW ENFORCEMENT.
(a) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— (1) the term "Commission" means the National Advisory Commission on Law Enforcement;
� | WIKI |
Page:Poems Sherwin.djvu/48
It is very painful to observe the great degree of superstition which is still entertained in many parts of England. The following tale is really true in substance, though varied a little in detail, in order to render it acceptable to the general reader.
I once paid a visit of a few weeks to a country village, which I will call Barnel, in a sequestered part of Shropshire, where everything appears to move on in the same jog-trot way it did some centuries ago. There is the parson, a free good-natured man, who speaks familiarly to every one, makes frequent visits to the poor, preaches two sermons every Sunday, dines often with the squire, and sometimes with a few of the most substantial farmers in the neighbourhood; and the Doctor, looking very stout and very good humoured, who rides an unusually fat horse, appearing to be on very good terms with himself and every one else: he is a bachelor. There is a Butcher, with plenty of flesh on his back as well as in his shop, with a very lean wife and seventeen children; a Blacksmith also; a widower, with one son and a daughter.
The one thing which is of great importance, and which most villages boast of, the great emporium for news and scandal, namely—a Barber's shop—was wanting in Barnel, but there were several Beershops, which answered the pur- | WIKI |
WIT Press
Scaling In Multiphase Systems Application To Accidental Scenarios In PWR
Price
Free (open access)
Volume
89
Pages
12
Page Range
195 - 206
Published
2015
Size
949 kb
Paper DOI
10.2495/MPF150171
Copyright
WIT Press
Author(s)
M. D. Domingo, A. Escrivá, J. L. Muñoz-Cobo
Abstract
This paper describes the work done in collaboration with the Spanish Nuclear Regulatory Commission (CSN), and it is related with scaling analysis in multiphase systems like pressure water reactors (PWR) during accidental conditions. A method was developed in order to identify possible deviations from thermal-hydraulic similarity, or scale distortion, between two multiphase systems; and it consists of the following steps. First governing conservation equations are derived. Then, the equations are nondimensionalized with reference parameters. And an order of magnitude analysis is performed based on the numerical values of the nondimensionalized coefficients with only the large order terms being retained, which are the terms that impact on system response. So that, equations are used to identify the leading processes and quantify the scale distortions in both systems. The scaling criteria are expressed through π-Groups. This technique has been used to assess the capability of a test facility to simulate the global system response of a typical PWR during a small break loss-of-coolant accident (SBLOCA). After developing governing conservation equations, it obtained a simple multi-phase pressure rate equation useful for the analysis of the depressurization of a system containing subcooled liquid and saturated fluid, like the vessel or the hot-legs in a power plant. Then the equation is nondimensionalized. And it is found that the same nondimensional groups are important for both systems. Indicating that, although there are some distortions in scaling, the behaviour of both systems is very similar.
Keywords
SBLOCA, scaling method, nondimensional groups, distortions in scaling, governing conservation equations | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:CryptoHarlem
Notability
, WP:THREE: Plus, -- Yae4 (talk) 14:10, 28 April 2022 (UTC)
* Wired: "Wired magazine is considered generally reliable for science and technology."
* Vice: "There is no consensus on the reliability of Vice Media publications." but vice.com is insource over 14,000 times. and the article seems decent.
* Consumer reports: Found no listing or discussion in RSN, but it is used nearly 600 times in wikipedia, FWIW.. The article is extensive coverage.
* Newsweek source is from late 2021, nearly 2022: "so consensus is to evaluate Newsweek content on a case-by-case basis." Seems OK.
* Techcrunch: "Careful consideration should be given to whether a piece is written by staff or as a part of their blog, as well as whether the piece/writer may have a conflict of interest, and to what extent they rely on public relations material from their subject for their writing. TechCrunch may be useful for satisfying verifiability, but may be less useful for the purpose of determining notability." It seems consistent with other coverage, therefore OK.
* Sponsorship by Calyx Institute makes them not completely financially independent, but it is a positive endorsement by an "intellectually" independent organization AFAIK.
* i can see you have submitted the draft for review and that is the best way to accept this article in main space. I am also agreed on your points. Let's have patience and let the other reviewers take a look at this draft. DMySon (talk) 16:58, 28 April 2022 (UTC)
* , IMO two editors with numerous new articles experience in agreement is sufficient. WADR, it was a mistake to delay this article. There are no deadlines but you should move it back, IMO. -- Yae4 (talk) 11:57, 29 April 2022 (UTC)
Comments moved from draft
* , Thanks for the comment. It is unfortunate if it comes off defensive, fluffy or promotional to you; that was not the intent. The intent was to provide some tidbits of info' from numerous sources to show it is a notable topic. After the powers that be deem the topic is notable enough to have an article, then the time and energy could be spent making it "better". Improvements would be welcomed. -- Yae4 (talk) 14:50, 13 May 2022 (UTC)
* Yae4 (talk), I am a "powers that be" (LOL). I believe the subject is notable, but the way the article is written is based on establishing notability rather providing readers with information about the organization. I started an edit but I am out of time; please consider rewriting to document the history of CryptoHarlem and its impact via reliable, independent sources. JSFarman (talk) 17:31, 13 May 2022 (UTC)
* , Thanks for your edit and agreement on notability. I have moved it back to article space with improvement tag, and will see about improving info taken from the reliable, independent sources already in the article, as time allows. -- Yae4 (talk) 01:48, 14 May 2022 (UTC)
* Hi . I removed the tag; I think the issues have been addressed (and I never intended my comment to appear as a tag)! I'll keep adding to the article, thanks for writing it. JSFarman (talk) 17:10, 14 May 2022 (UTC)
History of deletion
FWIW, Noting previous G11 deletion in July 2021. I have no additional info' on that draft or article. -- Yae4 (talk) 01:45, 14 May 2022 (UTC)
* Deleted as unambiguous advertising/spam. JSFarman (talk) 17:08, 14 May 2022 (UTC)
* It is the meaning of WP:G11. -- Yae4 (talk) 12:12, 21 May 2022 (UTC)
CryptoHarlem and Mr. Robot
This edit deleted, among other things, the connection with Mr. Robot. The connection seems interesting to readers, so I am restoring it. There are a number of possible sources, for now re-using the Vice source, and adding the primary source seems like enough. -- Yae4 (talk) 12:13, 21 May 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Auerbach-Spinozanovel.djvu/156
134 ten horses shall not drag me from my seat. And if the Emperor of Japan came, dressed like the one in the East India House, and said, 'Take me that gold chest two houses farther and you shall earn a thousand stivers,' I should say, 'Emperor, take a glass; to-day I cannot serve you; sit down with us here; we are all emperors as good as you;' and if the Grand Pensioner himself sent for you, you should not move from this spot, Flyns. No beard shall come to harm to-day; even the beards shall have peace."
"You all rejoice over the peace," said Flyns, "and you don't know what name the child has."
"Well, what is it called?"
"The everlasting peace."
"Vivat! Hurrah for the everlasting peace!" they all cried, and emptied their glasses to the dregs. Flyns prophesied the return of the jolly times of Jacob van Artevelde in Ghent, and told them that in those old times, by wise management and extensive trade connection, men need only work two days a week, and might sit in the ale-house all the rest. It was a tempting bait, and each one had his own ideal of how to enjoy it. Maessen Blutzaufer alone would hear nothing of it, and asserted that it would be less godless to have no Sunday at all than five a week. The jolly company revelled far into the night, and then stumbled singing and cheering home. | WIKI |
Efutu language
Awutu is a Guang language spoken by 180,000 in coastal Ghana.
Awutu is the principal dialect. The other two are Efutu and Senya. | WIKI |
Marc Mueller
Marc Mueller (born April 15, 1989) is the offensive coordinator for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He is a two-time Grey Cup champion as an assistant coach with the Calgary Stampeders. In university, he played quarterback for the Regina Rams of the CIS from 2007 to 2012.
Early life
In 2006, Mueller quarterbacked Regina's Sheldon-Williams Spartans to the Saskatchewan 4A high school championship.
University career
Mueller joined the Regina Rams for the 2007 season, dressing for all eight regular season games and both playoff games as the team's second-string quarterback. In 2008, Mueller dressed for all eight regular season games and the team's Canada West semifinal game at Calgary as a backup quarterback.
2008 was Teale Orban's last year of eligibility playing university football. Mueller took over from him as the starting quarterback for the 2009 season, and started all eight of the team's regular season games and the team's one playoff game. That year, he set a Rams single-season record with 310 pass attempts, also led the Canada West Conference in pass completions (176) and yards (2308). Mueller threw for a Rams postseason record with 470 passing yards in the team's Canada West semifinal game at Saskatchewan on November 7.
In 2010, Mueller once again started all eight of the Rams regular season games and the team's one playoff game. He set a Ram single-season record in pass completions (182) and led the conference in passing yards (2437). Mueller was named the Canada West Offensive Player of the Week after throwing two touchdown passes and rushing for two more in a 40-8 win over Alberta on October 2.
Mueller's 2011 season was cut short when he suffered a season-ending injury on the team's second play from scrimmage against UBC on September 2. Because of his injury, he was granted a medical redshirt.
In 2012, Mueller started six regular season and both playoff games at quarterback for the Rams. He engineered a game-winning touchdown drive against Manitoba that spanned nine plays and 95 yards. He was injured at the beginning of that drive and missed the team's next two games. In the Rams' Canada West Semifinal win on November 2 against Saskatchewan, Mueller was named the Canada West and CIS Offensive Player of the Week after completing 21 of 32 passes for 393 yards and three touchdowns.
Mueller finished his career as the Rams' all-time leader in pass completion rate (62.1%), second on the team's all-time list in career pass completions (511) and passing yards (6522), and third in touchdown passes (34).
Professional career
Mueller signed as an undrafted free agent with the Edmonton Eskimos of the CFL on May 9, 2011, following the 2011 CFL Draft. He saw game action in Edmonton's first preseason game, a game played in Regina against his hometown team, the Saskatchewan Roughriders. In that game, Mueller was 3 for 3 passing for 45 yards. He was released on June 20, 2011 and returned to the Rams.
Regina Rams
In 2013, after completing his Regina Rams playing eligibility, Mueller joined the team as quarterbacks coach.
Calgary Stampeders
On February 18, 2014, Mueller was named a defensive assistant coach for the Calgary Stampeders. That year, he won his first Grey Cup when Calgary defeated Hamilton. From 2015 to 2019, Mueller was the Stampeders' running backs coach. During that span, Calgary went to the Grey Cup in 2016, 2017, and 2018, with the team winning in 2018. He was named the quarterbacks coach for the Stampeders on January 16, 2020. In 2021, he held the titles of quarterbacks and running backs coach, and quarterbacks coach for the 2022 and 2023 seasons.
Saskatchewan Roughriders
On December 6, 2023, it was announced that Mueller had been hired as the offensive coordinator of the Saskatchewan Roughriders, to a two-year term.
Personal life
Mueller is the grandson of former CFL quarterback and coach Ron Lancaster. | WIKI |
dookie
Etymology 1
In Scots,, , and (terms related to the British English , equivalent to the American English ) have all been used to refer to Baptists. Hence a dookie in Scots is, jocularly, someone who ducks or dunks people in water when baptising them.
Noun
* 1) swimming costume, bathing suit
Etymology 2
Probably, later repopularized by the 1989 film ' and later still the 1994 album '.
Noun
* 1) Feces.
* 2) * 2005 – Ashaki Boelter: In the Name of Love!: All-4-Love Series 2 of 3 (Reckless Review)
* So Alley found a job
* Scooping up dookie on the streets
* 1) * 2000 – The Simpsons episode "Little Big Mom"
* Bart: Can I go to the bathroom?
* Otto: Uh-uh! Say it in snowboard lingo.
* Bart: Uh... I've gotta blast a dookie?
* Otto: Dook on!
* Otto: Uh-uh! Say it in snowboard lingo.
* Bart: Uh... I've gotta blast a dookie?
* Otto: Dook on!
Derived terms
* dookie hole
* take a dookie
Adjective
* 1) Of jewelry: ostentatiously thick.
* 2) * 2000 – Ugly Duckling song "Exclusive Snipps": "[Young] Einstein got a dookie gold rope"
Synonyms
* See Thesaurus:feces
Etymology
From. Compare.
Noun
* 1) Baptist | WIKI |
David Edgerton (historian)
David Edgerton FBA (born 16 April 1959) is an English historian and educator. He was educated at St John's College, Oxford, and Imperial College London. After teaching the economics of science and technology and the history of science and technology at the University of Manchester, he became the founding director of the Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine at Imperial College, London, and Hans Rausing Professor. He has held a Major Research Fellowship (2006–2009) from the Leverhulme Trust. In 2013, he led the move of the Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine to the Department of History of King's College London. Edgerton's books include Warfare State: Britain 1920–1970 (Cambridge, 2005) and The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History since 1900 (Profile, 2006). Edgerton was elected a fellow of the British Academy in 2021.
Selected publications
David Edgerton has published articles and several books, including:
* The Rise and Fall of the British Nation: A Twentieth-Century History (2018) ISBN 978-1-8461-4775-3
* Britain's War Machine: Weapons, Resources and Experts in the Second World War (2011) ISBN 978-0-7139-9918-1
* Warfare State: Britain 1920–1970 (Cambridge, 2005); ISBN 978-0-521-67231-3
* The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History since 1900 (Profile, 2006) ISBN 978-1-86197-306-1
* Science, Technology and the British Industrial 'Decline' 1870–1970 (CUP, 1996) ISBN 978-0-521-57778-6
* England and the Aeroplane: An Essay on a Militant and Technological Nation (Science, Technology and Medicine in Modern History) (1991) ISBN 978-0-333-56921-4 | WIKI |
Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1871.djvu/633
BOOKS OF REFERENCE. 597
Weights and Measures.
The Quintal = 101-40 lbs. avoirdupois. „ Arroba = 2535 „ „ Fanega = 1-} imperial bushel.
The money, weights, and measures of the Brazilian empire are also in general use.
Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning TJrugnay.
1. Official Publications.
Report of Mr. J. D. Long, U.S. Consul at Montevideo, on the Trade and Industry of Uruguay, dated Dec. 31, 1867; in ' Commercial Relations of the United States with Foreign Nations.' 8. Washington, 1868.
Statistical Tables relating to Foreign Countries. Part XII. Fol. London, 1870.
Annual Statement of the Trade and Navigation of the United Kingdom with Foreign Countries and British Possessions, imp. 4. London, 1870.
2. Non-Official Publications.
Maria (Isid. de) Compendio de la historia de la Republiea Oriental del Uruguay. 8. Montevideo, 1864.
Republique Orientale de 1' Uruguay. Notice historique. 8. Paris, 1867-
Reyes (M.), Descripeion geografica del territorio de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay. 8. Montevideo, 1859.
Sommer- Geiser (H. ), Lebensbilder sus dem Staat Uruguay. 8. Basel, 1861.
The Republic of Uruguay, or Montevideo: geographical, social, and political. 8. London, 1861.
Woyck (F.), Mittheilungen iiber das sociale und kirchliche Leben in Uruguay. 8. Berlin^ 18i65. | WIKI |
Paid Notice: Deaths ROSEMAN, RONALD
ROSEMAN-Ronald. The Juilliard School deeply mourns the death of Ronald Roseman, a member of the School's faculty since 1982. A brilliant oboist, creative composer and arranger, dedicated teacher and coach, and caring human being, he was a greatly respected member of the Juilliard community. As the oboist of the New York Woodwind Quintet, in residence at the School since 1987, he and his colleagues developed one of the finest chamber music programs for woodwinds in the United States. We express our condolences to his wife Okkyu, and his entire family. Mary Rodgers Guettel, Chairman Joseph W. Polisi, President ROSEMAN-Ronald. The Yale School of Music mourns the loss of Ronald Roseman, who served on our faculty with great distinction for a quarter-century. His extraordinary artistry as an oboist, his inspired and dedicated teaching, and the warmth he extended to his colleagues and students will long be cherished. To his entire family, we extend our heartfelt sympathy and our eternal gratitude for sharing his energy and talents with us. Robert L. Blocker The Lucy and Henry Moses Dean of Music ROSEMAN-Ronald. The Bowdoin Summer Music Festival mourns the passing of a brilliant oboist, remarkable composer, consummate artist, and warm and kind human being. For the past fifteen summers as a member of the faculty his performances and teaching inspired all of us. Bach, Ron's inspiration, will be performed in his memory at Bowdoin this summer. Lewis Kaplan, Artistic Director ROSEMAN-Ronald. The Oboe Studio at Yale University School of Music deeply mourns the passing of our beloved teacher and mentor, Professor Ronald Roseman. He will inspire us forever. We express our sincere condolences to his family. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 36 Part 1.djvu/788
764: SIXTY-FIRST CONGRESS. Sess. II. Ch. 384. 1910. Statutes, page eight hundred and ninety-eight) ; for expenses of necessary supplies, alterations, and repairs, and for all other expenses C¤*¤°¤¤°*°*°¤*°°- authorized by said Act; also for preventing the unlawful entry of Chinese into the United States, by the appointment of srutable officers to enforce the laws in relation thereto, and the expenses of returning to China all Chinese persons found to be unlawfully in the United States, including the cost of imprisonment and actual expense of conveyance of Chinese ipersons to the frontier or seaboard for de- Refumiius he-rd portation, and for the re unding of head tax upon presentation of °“‘ evidence· showing conclusively that collection was erroneously made; all to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, two million five hundred and seventg-five thousand dolfE°;`n°"§;;'ém on cm lars: Provided, That not to exceed fifty thousan dollars of said sum mcclimor. may be expended as provided in section twenty-four of the Act of v°1' “’p'°°°' February twentieth, nineteen hundred and seven, entitled "An Act to regulate the immigration of aliens into the United States:" Procmnese exclusion vided, That the expenditures for the enforcement of the Chinese- "“’°"“°”‘ exclusion Act shall not exceed five hundred thousand dollars. °¤'*”¤•*°¤ Hereafter there shall be submitted, following the estimates under the foregoing appropriation for expenses of regulating immigration, statements showing the amount required for each object of expenditure mentioned in said estimates, together with a statement of the expenditures under each of such objects for the fiscal year terminated next preceding the tperiod of submitting said estimates, %g>;fg¤£¤E&0¤:¤6•g¤ée The Secretary o Commerce and Labor is hereby authorized to mn. ’ execute a lease for office réuarters for the United States Immigration Service at Montreal, Cana a, for a period of four ye ars and six months from January first, nineteen hundred and ten, at a rate of rental not to exceed four thousand five hundred dollars per annum. NE{!i¤ ¥¤\¤¤¢\ ¤¢¤¤<>¤· Immigration Station Ellis Island, New York Harbor: For new isririarngs. crematory, fifteen thousand dollars; for reconstruction of ferry rack, six thousand dollars; in all, twenty-one thousand dollars. gglgggfgg-_?;§“m _For the construction of an eight-inch, cast—iron water main from spa.-- pier numbered fourteen, in the city of Galveston, Texas, across the j,‘f,'§§,f‘@’· channel of the harbor of Galveston, Texas, to such place on "Pelican Spit/’ Galveston Harbor, as may be necessary to fumish ample water facilities to the immigrant station thereon, fifteen thousand one hundred and fifty-eight dollars. ' E1¤<=¤·l¤c•b¤¤•· For the construction and complete installation -of electric light, power, and telephone cables between the city of Galveston, Texas, and the immigrant station on "Pelican Spit,’ five thousand dollars, by G8_,m_ in all, twenty thousand one hundred and fifty-eight dollars: Pro-mkied, z¤¤.H§:. That before contracts are made for the performance of the work herein authorized and appropriated for, the city of Galveston, Texas, shall deposit ten thousand dollars with the Secretar of Commerce and Labor for credit of "Miscellaneous receipts," to lie covered into R.S.,¤ec.8¤18.p.‘n3. the Treasury, as (provided in section three thousand six hundred and _ _ _ eighteen, Revise Statutes of the United States. s,§,'f*“”**””°” "“*‘ _ Salaries and expenses, Division of Naturalization: For compensadggigjcexsmum, tron, to be fixed by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, of exam- ' ‘ iners, interpreters, clerks, and stenographers, for the urpose of carr·y- mg on the work of the Division of Naturalization, Eureau of Immiver. :-.4, p.sss. gration and Naturalization, provided for by the Act of. Congress approved June twentv—ninth, nineteen hundred and six, entitled "An Act to establish a Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization and to provide for a uniform rule for the naturalization of aliens through- T"”"°“°¥°‘¥’°“S°*· out the United States," and for their actual necessary traveling expenses while absent from their official stations, includinir street-car fares on official business at official stations, subject to such rules and regulations as the Secretary of Commerce and Labor may rescribe* and for the actual necessary traveling expenses of the ogcers and | WIKI |
Page:A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Confederacy, Including the Diplomatic Correspondence, 1861-1865, Volume I.djvu/554
522 Afterwards Mr. Blair dictated for and authorized me to make an entry on the back of my retained copy of the letter just above recited which is as follows:
January 28, 1865.
To-day Mr. Blair tells me that on the 21st inst., he delivered to Mr. Davis the original, of which the within is a copy, and left it with him: that at the time of delivering Mr. Davis read it over twice in Mr. Blair's presence, at the close of which he (Mr. B.) remarked that the part about our common country related to the part of Mr. Davis's letter about the two countries, to which Mr. D. replied that he understood it.
Afterwards the Secretary of War placed in my hands the following telegram, indorsed by him, as appears:
(Cipher.) The following telegram was received at Washington January 29, 1865: January 29, 1865. To Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War. The following dispatch is just received from Major General Parke, who refers it to me for my action. I refer it to you in lieu of General Grant — absent. Major General Comdg.
The following dispatch is forwarded to you for your action. Since I have no knowledge of General Grant's having had any understanding of this kind, I refer this matter to you as the ranking officer present in the two armies. Major General Comdg.
January 29, 1865.
Major General John G. Parke, Headquarters Army of the Potomac. Alexander H. Stephens, R. M. T. Hunter, and J. A. Campbell desire to cross my lines, in accordance with an understanding claimed to exist with Lieutenant General Grant, on their way to Washington as Peace Commissioners. Shall they be admitted? They desire an early answer, so as to come through immediately. They would like to reach City Point to-night if they can. If they cannot do this, they would like to come through to-morrow morning.
Major Commanding Ninth Corps.
Respectfully referred to the President for such instructions as he may be pleased to give. Secretary of War. {{smaller|January 29, 1865, {{sc|6:30 P.M.}}
{{nop}} {{Smaller block/e}} | WIKI |
Talk:Maria Nikiforova
She is Russian
Maria is Russian. I do not have any links to it, if someone has them - I'll be glad to receive. But her name is Russian - that's for sure. About her involvement in Ukrainian War of Independence: she has participated in Civil War, but it was not her motive, she was a social anarchist, she collaborated with the Bolsheviks, as well as with the Ukrainian nationalists. The Independece was not her goal--zas2000 (talk) 10:58, 27 July 2011 (UTC)
* Sources currently listed in the references section indicate she was a Ukrainian, born in the Ukraine. The origin of her name is irrelevant. I was hoping you had your own conflicting source. If you don't, now I know your contention is false. Further, her participation in a war of a particular name does not indicate she fought for a particular agenda. She participated in a war known as the "Ukrainian War of Independence"; that does not mean she fought for the Ukrainian national government. She also briefly allied with the Bolsheviks, but that does not mean she fought as a Bolshevik. Indeed she was an anarchist, a terrorist, and a Ukrainian. I'll continue to revert any edits you make to this article to the contrary until you can provide sources stating she did not participate in a war she is famous for being part of, or for being born in another country. --Cast (talk) 15:03, 27 July 2011 (UTC)
* I would like to mention that you did not provide any reference also
Yes, she was born in Ukraine (to be accurate - LittleRussia), but it does not mean she is Ukrainian. Even at present time 30% of the Ukraine population are Russians. She participated in war known as Civil War of Russia. She collaborated with Bolshevicks and Mokhno. Nestor Mokhno was also social anarchist and this was their grounds for the collaboration. She never had not any common grounds with Petlura or Getman Pavlo Skoropadsky, prominent Ukrainian nationalists. Could you pointed out which article references support your statements, please?
These are the references for you (in Russian, published in Independent Ukraine): ''Александровская федерация анархистов вновь организовалась в июне 1917 г. и приобрела традиционную для города анархо-коммунистическую окраску.'' []
* 1. Чоп В.М. «Маруся Никифорова». — Запорожье: РА “Тандем-У”, 1998. — 68 с.
Профиль, №19 (38), 24.05.2008, [] Марусю воспринимали как признанного лидера анархистского движения юга Украины.
* 2. "Террористка Маруся Никифорова" Кость БОНДАРЕНКО, кандидат исторических наук
[]
* 3. Ярослав ЛЕОНТЬЕВ "ЧЕРНАЯ ТЕНЬ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ. АТАМАНША МАРУСЯ НИКИФОРОВА
In Ukrainian Постолатiй Віталій, доцент КДПУ ім. В.К. Винниченка []
* 4."Марія Никифорова - людина та отаманша: факти та міфи"
* 5. В.А. Савченко, Нестор Махно, Харькiв 2005, 415c., ISBN 966-0З-з05з, []
Маруся звинувачивала Нестора в iгноруванi iдей анархiзму... Вона закликала до кривавоii боротьби проти эксплуататорiв, до боротьби з украiнскiм нацiоналiзмом, Page 30.
My Translation: 'Maroussia accused Nestor of ignoring anarchist ideas .. She called for a bloody struggle against the exploiters and Ukrainian nationalism', page 30.
And your statement like "I'll continue to revert any edits you make to this article" is not acceptable in WIKI. So I am waiting from some reasonable explanations --zas2000 (talk) 01:16, 28 July 2011 (UTC)
Rework
I have just expanded this article. Much of the previous incarnation was uncited, but was clearly drawing from Archibald 2007, so I added detail and expanded on the existing material based on that. Unfortunately this citation is the only one that focuses specifically on Maria Nikiforova, with the others mostly only mentioning her in passing, so it is the dominant one used in this article. If anyone knows of any more citations that can be used, then let me know, or feel free to add them yourself. --Grnrchst (talk) 13:32, 28 June 2022 (UTC)
Women in Green 20-Minute Article Assessment
Hello again Grnrchst and thanks for updating this article about a person who makes me feel I haven't done much at all in my own life by comparison! The article is quite complicated so most of the 20 mins was taken up just with reading.
WELL-WRITTEN
Prose is generally GA standard, a few things I noticed:
* Start with Nikiforova not Maria
* not keen on the one word paragraphs, especially in lead, I'd suggest combining into other paragraphs
* "she was not known to write her views in letters, essays, or articles" seemingly conflicts with "published articles in their Russian language newspapers"
* " Although the actual identity of the assassin", "But when Nikiforova spoke", "But after a dispute between the two", " But as Nikiforova's Black Guards", most likely don't need but/although at the start of a sentence and also generally there are a lot of "but"s in the article
IMAGES
* all the ones used are relevant and appropriately licensed, I wondered perhaps about a pic of Makhno?
VERIFIABLE
* Peters is listed in bibliography but not used
* There's a lot of Archibald, if there aren't other sources there's not a huge amount you can do.
STABLE
Yup
NEUTRAL
Yup
BROADNESS
Wow it's a complicated history which is covered well; I wonder if by contextualising some bits you could reduce the reliance on Archibald, especially since there's a further reading section to draw on Mujinga (talk) 11:28, 2 June 2023 (UTC)
* Think I've addressed everything here. I'll have a look into the further reading and see what I can pull out of it before submitting for GA review. Unfortunately, Archibald is the only English language source specifically about Nikiforova, so some degree of reliance on him is going to be inevitable. -- Grnrchst (talk) 11:44, 2 June 2023 (UTC)
Intersex?
Found this page while looking through the category intersex women. This is not mentioned in the article at all and is only viewable through the page tags. The tags "Intersex woman" and "Intersex military personal" were added on the 27th of july 2022 with no source, is there any evidence for this claim? Wolfgang likes bugs (talk) 03:16, 30 August 2023 (UTC)
* This is sourced within the article to Archibald 2007, pp. 8–9 and Velychenko 2011, p. 288. Velychenko also mentions her undergoing medical intervention. -- Grnrchst (talk) 08:36, 30 August 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Trades In Construction – Earthworks
This is not a commonly categorized trade as far as building construction is concerned. It is however very common in projects like road construction. Earthworks is usually among the very first tasks in construction. It is usually undertaken in the following:
A� Soil stripping: this refers to the removal of top vegetative soil from the construction site. This soil is unsuitable for construction, especially because it contains a rich constituent of vegetative matter, which would destroy the building’s foundation. This soil is also unstable for construction purposes.
A� Excavation for foundations: This is usually done to reach a more stable ground. Excavation here can either be in form of mass, trench or pad.
A� Levelling uneven ground: this is usually a process of cutting and filling or either.
A� Landforming and scaping: This is a process of creating various forms and shapes with the use of soil alone or in combination with other structures like revetment walls.
Depending on the volume and nature of ground to be excavated, filled or formed, the work can either be done by hand or by machine.
When done by hand, earthworks is usually done by a bulk of casual unskilled labour with the guidance of a skilled labourer, especially a land surveyor and construction engineer or foreman. There are various tests carried out to assure the quality of the finished formation in the case of foundations. The most common tools in manual earthworks include; picks, spades and shovels. Movement of earth is usually by the use of barrows. The most common equipment here is the dumpy level for light works or total machines for large projects.
When the work is to be done by machine, the plant involved ranges from compressors, mechanical hoes, bulldozers and the like. Movement of material is usually by use tipper trucks. In the case of hard rock ground, blasting is usually undertaken. Contractor Selection In the case of mechanical earthworks, the bulk of human tasks is in machine operation. There is also a need for more inspection, especially where different locations are involved, for example excavating from point A and dumping in point B.
One of the main considerations in this case is the safety of workers and neighbours. This is usually more crucial in the following instances:
A� Deep excavations, where walls could cave in.
A� Blasting in heavy traffic area, where shrapnel could injure them.
A� Excavation in areas prone to landmines.
A� Destabilizing sloppy ground Renovation Mistakes with heavy vibrations.
A� Disruption of buried infrastructure.
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How to Do Hand Reflexology on Yourself
Learn how to do hand reflexology on yourself from certified reflexologist Chantel C. Lucier in this Howcast video.
Transcript
So, how to give yourself a hand reflexology session. I always begin with just holding my own hands and placing them in my lap, just like this, and then I begin with my relaxation techniques. So, I'll clasp my fingers and I just begin to roll around here. And you can hear all the popping and the clicking and the overuse of my hands. And from there, we could also just pull out here, so it's just from the base of the finger and I'm pulling out. You could also do some dorsiflexion or some palm reflexion and the feet it would be planter flexion, in both directions, and you could also do a little bit from side to side, inversion and eversion. Both sides, of course. And then you can do some reflexology. You can do some thumb walking, you could thumb walk, and we'll start with the spinal reflex. So from here, and we'll go all the way up to the tip so thumb walking, always securing the back side with your other fingers and you're walking up the spinal reflex and you go all the way up and although the spine ends there I'll go all the up to the brain reflex to the very tip. And then you could thumb walk the whole palmer aspect here. So you just thumb walk across you could do this in any direction, you could also do it this way; you're passing through the digestive reflexes and organ reflexes, kidney reflexes; up through here you have your adrenal gland reflex that can be very intense, a great thing to do on the train as you're going to work so you'll do the whole surface area all the way up and you'll go all the way up to the base of your fingers and then to do the fingers you'll create this kind of claw-like shape and then you'll also be using the thumb so you'll go to the base of the finger and you'll just rotate toward yourself and your finger is rotating that way. So you're coming toward yourself and you're rotating and you'll do that with all your fingers; this actually can go really fast once you get used to it. And you'll do that for both your hands and you could aso do a little bit of finger walking and thumb walking at the same time as you're going down each finger. And you could do that for all your fingers. And then lastly you don't want to ignore your dorsal aspect of your hand which is here and I do thumb walking so you can thumb walk between each metacarpal. And then I always end where I began so I'll do a couple more of those relaxation exercises, my rotations, you could do gentle rotations on each finger, and then I end with that solar plexus hold folded in my lap.
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chamel
Etymology
From, a variant of Classical.
Noun
* 1) camel
* 2) camel-skin
Etymology
From, a variant of Classical.
Noun
* 1) camel | WIKI |
Arado Ar 66
The Arado Ar 66 was a single-engined twin-seat training biplane designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Arado. It was the last aircraft to be designed by the aeronautical engineer Walter Rethel in collaboration with Arado.
The Ar 66 was developed as a military trainer aircraft during the early 1930s. First flown in 1932, it quickly proved superior to two rival aircraft and was selected to meet the training needs of the Luftwaffe. In addition to primary flight training, the Ar 66 was used for aerobatics and night-time instruction along with the training of various air crew positions, such as bombardiers, radio operations, aerial photographers, and machine gun operators.
The Ar 66 was produced by multiple companies under licence in order to provide the large numbers sought. In addition to the Luftwaffe, which introduced the type in 1933, both the Czechoslovakian Air Force and Spanish Air Force also operated a number of Ar 66s. In addition to land-based use, it could also be deployed as a float plane.. The Ar 66 remained in use throughout the Second World War. Additionally, it was deployed by the Luftwaffe into front line combat during the conflict; Ar 66s regularly undertook night ground-attack missions on the Eastern Front.
Design and development
During the late 1920s and early 1930s, Arado's design team, headed by the company's chief designer Walter Rethel, produced a number of capable aircraft, such as the Ar 65 biplane fighter. According to the aviation historian Jörg Armin Kranzhoff, the company had become confident enough of an order for new twin-seat trainer aircraft from the German government that, by 1930, it had directed the production of multiple project designs to fulfil this anticipated demand. Despite this confidence, the Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule, a German covert military-training organization, lacked financial resources and thus did not act quickly to issue any such contract. As such, early development work on what would become the Ar 66 was paid for out of Arado's own resources.
While work on the project had been started under Rethel's leadership, the later stages of development were led by Walter Blume after Rethel transferred to the rival German aircraft manufacturer Messerschmitt. During 1932, the first prototype, designated as the Ar 66a, performed its maiden flight. This was followed by an Ar 66b prototype and 10 production Ar 66B sea-planes with twin wooden floats and an enlarged rudder. By the end of September of that year, the prototype had demonstrated itself to possess superior performance to two competing aircraft; accordingly, the Ar 66 was selected for further flight testing at the test centre of the Reichsverband der Deutschen Luftfahrtindustrie (RDL).
A third (Ar 66c) prototype followed, and the production version of this, designated Ar 66C was delivered from 1933. Quantity production of the Ar 66 commenced shortly after the receipt of an initial production contract for 320 aircraft. The vast quantity ordered was somewhat of a challenge to Arado; the rate of production required to fulfil the order in a reasonable timeframe was far in excess of its historic practices; a quota of 712 Ar 66s was set to be completed by 30 April 1936. New production methods and planning approaches were promptly adopted, yet these were still not sufficient. Licenses to produce the Ar 66 were issued to multiple German aircraft manufacturers, including MIAG, 90 for Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG and Gothaer Waggonfabrik. During 1936 alone, 270 aircraft were produced.
Design
The Ar 66 was a staggered-wing biplane of composite construction. Designed for use as a primary trainer, it was suitable for aerobatics and night-time instruction, as well as the training of various types of air crew, including bombardiers, radio operations, aerial photographers, and machine gun operators; the Ar 66 could also be employed as a single-seat fighter-trainer. The aircraft was typically operated by crew of two: instructor pilot and trainee, which were seated in open tandem cockpits; both positions were equipped with dual flight controls. The Ar 66 was equipped with instrument flight systems and could optionally be outfitted with photographic cameras. It was powered by a single Argus As 10C air-cooled inverted V8 engine, which produced roughly 179 kW (240 hp) and drove a 2.5 m (8.2 ft) two-blade propeller. The aircraft carried up to 205 L (54 US gal) of fuel along with 17 L (4 US gal) of oil.
The fuselage of the Ar 66 had an oval cross-section and was made of welded steel tubes, covered with fabric. The aircraft's double wings provided very high lift, even when flown at relatively low speeds. Both wings had the same span and an 8° sweep. Construction consisted of a double pine wing spar structure, with lime tree ribs, and fabric covering. Both the upper and lower wings were equipped with multiple counterbalanced ailerons. According to Kranzhoff, the most unique feature of Ar 66 was the unusually high horizontal stabilizers, which was also mounted on the upper surface of the fuselage at an atypically forward position. The tail had an otherwise conventional design, the rudder having been placed behind the elevators; both the rudder and the elevators were composed of steel tube covered in fabric, and had a bigger surface than had been used on the prototype in order to address balance concerns.
The steel tube undercarriage was attached to the fuselage in a "V" shape and used high-pressure rubber suspension. An improved undercarriage arrangement was adopted for production aircraft; this included low-pressure tyres, wheel brakes, and oil-cushioned spring struts. Yet another arrangement was developed for the Ar 66b floatplane.
Operational history
During 1933, the Ar 66 entered service with the Luftwaffe. For the next decade, the majority of pilots in the service would fly the type at some point in their careers. The favourable handling qualities that it possessed likely contributed to its relatively low accident rate. Arado decided to capitalise on the positive reputation of the Ar 66; for the first time, it published a wide range of advertisements across multiple languages centred on the aircraft. The Ar 66 was in widespread use in the trainer role into the latter half of the Second World War.
During the conflict, the Ar 66 undertook several prominent or atypical duties. During 1939, individual aircraft performed aerial reconnaissance over the Polish Corridor. During 1943, the Luftwaffe set up a number of Störkampfstaffeln (harassment squadrons) to operate in Finland, Latvia and the USSR. The Ar 66, along with the Gotha Go 145, formed the principal equipment of these groups.
Variants
Data from Aircraft of the Third Reich
* Ar 66a: Prototype
* Ar 66b: 2nd prototype completed as a floatplane
* Ar 66B: Production Seaplane version of Ar 66C. Two large steel hollow floats, braced with iron cable. About ten were constructed and used for seaplane training.
* Ar 66C: Series production model with modified elevators, larger rudder, and larger-diameter wheels.
Operators
* Czechoslovakian Air Force (Postwar)
* 🇩🇪 Germany
* Luftwaffe
* Nachtschlachtgruppe 2
* Nachtschlachtgruppe 3
* Nachtschlachtgruppe 5
* Nachtschlachtgruppe 8
* Nachtschlachtgruppe 12
* Spanish Air Force
* Spanish Air Force
* Spanish Air Force | WIKI |
Learn Java Basics
About Lesson
Variable In Java
A variable is a named storage location in the computer’s memory, where data can be stored and manipulated. It has a data type and a name and can be assigned a value.
Java supports several types of variables, including:
1. Primitive types: These are the basic data types, such as int, float, double, char, boolean, etc. They store a single value and occupy a fixed amount of memory.
2. Reference types: These are more complex data types, such as arrays, objects, and classes. They store a reference to an object or array, rather than the actual data itself.
To declare a variable in Java, you use the following syntax:
datatype variableName;
For example, to declare an integer variable named “age”, you would use:
int age;
To assign a value to the variable, you use the following syntax:
variableName = value;
For example, to assign the value 25 to the “age” variable, you would use:
age = 25;
You can also combine variable declaration and assignment into a single statement, like this:
datatype variableName = value;
For example:
int age = 25;
Java also supports variable scope, which is part of the program where the variable can be accessed. Variables can be declared at various levels of scope, such as global, class, method, or block scope. The scope of a variable determines where it can be accessed and how long it remains in memory.
Rules to Declare a Variable
1. A variable name can consist of Capital letters A-Z, lowercase letters a-z digits 0-9, and two special characters such as _ underscore and $ dollar sign.
2. The first character must not be a digit.
3. Blank spaces cannot be used in variable names.
4. Java keywords cannot be used as variable names.
5. Variable names are case-sensitive.
6. There is no limit on the length of a variable name but by convention, it should be between 4 to 15 chars.
7. Variable names always should exist on the left-hand side of assignment operators.
Types of Variables
There are three types of variables in Java:
• local variable
• instance variable
• static variable
Local Variable
A local variable in Java is a variable that is declared within a method, constructor, or block of code. Local variables are only accessible within the scope in which they are defined, and they are not visible outside of that scope. Once the method, constructor, or block of code in which the variable is declared is exited, the variable is destroyed and its memory is released.
Here are some important points to note about local variables in Java:
• Local variables must be declared and initialized before they can be used. If a local variable is used before it is declared, a compilation error will occur.
• Local variables can only be accessed within the method, constructor, or block of code in which they are declared.
• Local variables are not accessible outside of their scope, which means that they cannot be accessed by other methods or classes.
• Local variables can have the same name as instance variables or other local variables in the same scope. When this happens, the local variable takes precedence over the instance variable or other local variable with the same name.
• Local variables are not assigned any default values by Java, which means that they must be explicitly initialized before they are used.
Here’s an example of how to declare and use a local variable in Java:
Here’s an example of how to declare and use a local variable in Java:
public void exampleMethod()
{
int x = 10; // declaring and initializing a local variable
System.out.println(x); // output: 10
}
In the example above, we declared a local variable named “x” inside the “exampleMethod()” method. We initialized it with the value 10 and then printed it to the console using the “System.out.println()” method. Once the method is exited, the local variable “x” is destroyed and its memory is released.
Instance Variable
An instance variable in Java is a variable that belongs to an instance of a class, and it is declared inside the class but outside of any methods. Instance variables are sometimes referred to as member variables or non-static fields. Each instance of the class has its copy of the instance variables, which means that each object can have different values for these variables.
Here are some important points to note about instance variables in Java:
• Instance variables are declared inside a class but outside of any methods, constructors, or static blocks.
• Each instance of the class has its copy of the instance variables.
• Instance variables are initialized when an object of the class is created, and they retain their values until the object is destroyed.
• Instance variables can be accessed and modified by any method or constructor of the class, as well as by methods of other classes if the instance variable is declared as public.
• Instance variables are assigned default values if they are not explicitly initialized. The default value depends on the type of the variable. For example, the default value for an int is 0, and the default value for a boolean is false.
Here’s an example of how to declare and use an instance variable in Java:
public class ExampleClass
{
int x; // declaring an instance variable
public void setX(int newValue)
{
x = newValue; // assigning a new value to the instance variable
}
public void printX()
{
System.out.println(x); // printing the value of the instance variable
}
}
// create an object of ExampleClass and set the value of x
ExampleClass obj = new ExampleClass();
obj.setX(10);
// print the value of x
obj.printX(); // output: 10
In the example above, we declared an instance variable named “x” inside the “ExampleClass” class. We then created an object of the class and set the value of “x” using the “setX()” method. Finally, we printed the value of “x” using the “printX()” method. Since “x” is an instance variable, each object of the “ExampleClass” class has its copy of “x”, and the value of “x” for each object can be set and retrieved independently.
Static variable
A static variable in Java is a variable that belongs to a class, and it is declared with the “static” keyword inside the class but outside of any methods. Static variables are sometimes referred to as class variables because they are associated with the class itself, rather than with any particular instance of the class. There is only one copy of a static variable per class, which means that all objects of the class share the same value for the variable.
Here are some important points to note about static variables in Java:
• Static variables are declared inside a class but outside of any methods, constructors, or static blocks, and they are declared with the “static” keyword.
• There is only one copy of a static variable per class, which means that all objects of the class share the same value for the variable.
• Static variables are initialized when the class is loaded by the JVM, and they retain their values until the program terminates.
• Static variables can be accessed and modified by any method or constructor of the class, as well as by methods of other classes if the static variable is declared as public.
• Static variables are assigned default values if they are not explicitly initialized. The default value depends on the type of the variable. For example, the default value for an int is 0, and the default value for a boolean is false.
Here’s an example of how to declare and use a static variable in Java:
public class ExampleClass
{
static int x; // declaring a static variable
public void setX(int newValue)
{
x = newValue; // assigning a new value to the static variable
}
public void printx()
{
System.out.println(x); // printing the value of the static variable
}
}
// set the value of x
ExampleClass.x = 10;
// create an object of ExampleClass and print the value of x
ExampleClass obj = new ExampleClass();
obj.printX(); // output: 10
// set the value of x using the object and print it again
obj.setX(20);
ExampleClass obj2 = new ExampleClass();
obj2.printX(); // output: 20
In the example above, we declared a static variable named “x” inside the “ExampleClass” class. We then set the value of “x” directly using the class name, and printed the value of “x” using an object of the class. Since “x” is a static variable, all objects of the “ExampleClass” class share the same value for “x”. We then set the value of “x” using an object of the class, and printed the value of “x” again using a different object of the class. The value of “x” is still 20 because all objects of the class share the same value for “x”.
Scope of Variables In Java
The scope of a variable refers to the part of the program where the variable is accessible and can be used. The scope of a variable is determined by where the variable is declared. There are three types of variables in Java based on their scope: local variables, instance variables, and static variables.
• Local variables have a limited scope and are accessible only within the method, constructor, or block where they are declared. Once the method, constructor, or block ends, the local variable is destroyed and its value is lost. Local variables are declared inside a method, constructor, or block using the variable’s data type, followed by the variable’s name.
Here is an example of a local variable:
public void exampleMethod()
{
int x = 5; // x is a local variable
System.out.println(x); // output: 5
}
In this example, the variable “x” is declared inside the method “exampleMethod”, so its scope is limited to that method. The variable “x” can only be accessed and used within the method “exampleMethod”. Once the method ends, the variable “x” is destroyed and its value is lost.
• Instance variables have a wider scope and are accessible throughout the class in which they are declared. Instance variables are declared inside a class but outside of any methods, constructors, or static blocks. Each instance of the class has its own copy of the instance variables, which means that each object can have different values for these variables.
Here is an example of an instance variable:
public class ExampleClass
{
int x; // x is an instance variable
public void exampleMethod()
{
System.out.println(x); // accessing the instance variable x
}
}
In this example, the variable “x” is declared inside the class “ExampleClass”, so its scope is the entire class. The variable “x” can be accessed and used by any method of the class, as well as by methods of other classes if the instance variable is declared as public.
• Static variables have the widest scope and are accessible throughout the class and all its instances. Static variables are declared with the “static” keyword inside the class but outside of any methods, constructors, or static blocks. There is only one copy of a static variable per class, which means that all objects of the class share the same value for the variable.
Here is an example of a static variable:
public class ExampleClass
{
static int x; // x is a static variable
public void exampleMethod()
{
System.out.println(x); // accessing the static variable x
}
}
In this example, the variable “x” is declared with the “static” keyword, so its scope is the entire class and all its instances. The variable “x” can be accessed and used by any method of the class, as well as by methods of other classes if the static variable is declared as public.
It is important to note that local variables can have the same name as an instance or static variables in a class. In such cases, the local variable takes precedence over the instance or static variable within the scope of the local variable.
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IBM Summit: Meet the women lead engineers behind the supercomputer
IBM's newly minted Summit supercomputer spans two tennis courts, runs on 185 miles of high-speed cable and weighs more than a commercial aircraft. It occupies 5,600 square feet of a lab in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. It can run an estimated 200,000 trillion calculations per second with stunning accuracy, making it the most powerful supercomputer in the world — a title that was held by a computer in China until IBM, alongside Nvidia and the United States government, unveiled Summit on June 8. Equally remarkable are the two women who helped create the project: Hillery Hunter, a director of accelerated cognitive infrastructure, helped build out its memory and computing speed, while Stefanie Chiras, the VP of cognitive systems, is in charge of getting Summit's power into the hands of clients. The two women lead their respective teams at IBM, despite staggering and persistent gender inequality in tech. Women hold fewer than 1 in 5 tech jobs, according to a report by recruiting automation platform Entelo from earlier this year. The more senior the position, the less likely a woman holds the title, the report says. Women hold just 16 percent of senior-level tech jobs and only 10 percent of executive roles. But Hunter and Chiras have come up together. They've each worked on several teams during their tenures at IBM — stints they call "mini careers." They've served the same team, separated as they moved on to different opportunities and reunited on cross-unit projects. In more ways than one, the two women complement each other. They bring to the table distinct knowledge sets and shine at different phases of the government-backed Summit project. When Hunter and Chiras work together, Chiras says, the sum exceeds the parts: "One plus one is three." Hunter's current role has her working out of Yorktown, New York, 1,700 miles away from Chiras in Austin, Texas. They text or email almost daily, though, Chiras said. "And sometimes when we're together we complete each other's sentences," Chiras said. "It's a great partnership." Hunter's work is in the computing capabilities of Summit, which can perform 200 quadrillion calculations per second. That kind of power makes it ideal for applications using artificial intelligence, which requires processing massive amounts of data quickly. "When you create AI faster, it's not just that you get an answer or a model for AI more quickly," Hunter said in an interview with CNBC. "It's that it really unleashes the creativity of the AI scientists because they can explore more options." Speed isn't anything new for Hunter. She earned an undergraduate engineering degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in just three years — including a stint abroad for a Germanic studies degree. She's always been interdisciplinary, she says, balancing a mind for math and science with a passion for music. She plays the piano, and though she's never performed for her IBM engineering colleagues, she says several members of her team are also musical. "There's a pretty strong connection, I think, between music and engineering. I think both are very much related to logic and patterns and structure," Hunter said. "There's also a lot of procedure and process in both spaces. You know, there's a way to do music right and follow what's on the page." During her 13 years at IBM, Hunter has worked on four separate teams, from physical components to memory capacity to computing acceleration. Her varied background aids in the "orchestration of different pieces," she said. "Everyone kind of has their own language," she said of the various IBM teams working on the project. "There's a lot of uniqueness to each discipline." Hunter's work raises Summit to unprecedented computing levels, but Chiras brings the supercomputer back down to the practical world. The idea was to achieve lofty computing feats, get Summit fully up and running, and then scale back to put "mini-Summits" into the hands of real-world clients. That's where Chiras takes over. "For me this becomes a much longer journey ... to deliver that to businesses," Chiras said. "It's not just about some system and some technology that exists in some government lab. Now I can deliver that to a bank or a hospital." Summit's capabilities could allow medical researchers to review genetic material for cancer links more accurately, help environmental scientists to run calculations on atmospheric changes more quickly, and help large-scale financial institutions to spot and prevent fraud more reliably. Chiras has always been rooted in the practical and tangible. She helped her father fix car engines starting at a young age and got her professional start as a mechanical engineer studying metals and materials. She keeps a sample vial of metal used during a college internship with NASA on her desk at IBM. She revels in choosing the right material for the right project — a metal strong enough to carry the load but light enough not to weigh it down, that can resist a certain level of heat but still be malleable — like the computer chips used in Summit, which can squeeze 8 billion transistors into just 650 square millimeters. The right materials, Chiras says, can stand the software up and make it bullet-proof. Chiras' work with Summit is more business-focused than her hardware background, though. She leads the company's portfolios team, tasked with rolling the Summit technology out to customers. Her interdisciplinary background, like Hunter's, helps Chiras to see the big picture. "How does the technology work from a software perspective, how does it work from a hardware perspective," Chiras said, "and how does it come together?" | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The Importance of Electrolytes on a Keto diet.
Anyone on a keto diet would have heard the term electrolytes being thrown around, we all have a vague idea of what they are.
However, what do electrolytes actually mean and what is the function and importance of them in the body.
An electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water.
They are essential for a number of bodily functions, that interact not only with each other but with the cells in the tissues, with nerves and muscles.
As humans, we need electrolytes to be able to survive and many automatic processes rely on this small electric current to be able to function which is provided through electrolytes.
A balance of different electrolytes is essential for optimal health.
A common misconception is that energy drinks or sports drinks are all you need to replenish electrolytes; however, this is not the case.
Electrolytes conduct electricity when mixed with a solution such as water.
They are known to support nerve and muscle function, help keep the body hydrated, help balance both blood pressure and acidity and help with rebuilding damaged tissue.
A muscle needs calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium.
Your muscles contract and when these become imbalanced it can lead to muscle weakness, twitching, headaches, changes in bowel movements, heart palpitations, vomiting and seizures.
Older adults seem to be more at risk to electrolyte imbalances.
keto electrolytes, keto electrolytes imbalance, keto electrolytes drink,
keto electrolyte drink recipe
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Electrolytes that your body needs are:
Magnesium
Sodium
Calcium
Potassium
Bicarbonate
Chloride
Phosphate
What is an imbalance of electrolytes?
Electrolytes in the blood can become too high or too low leading to an imbalance.
There are many factors that can affect the levels of electrolytes but most commonly change in relation to water levels in the body.
Electrolytes can be lost through sweating during exercise, living in a very hot climate, a rapid loss of fluids such as vomiting and diarrhoea or changing your diet where you lose water weight.
This is why it is vital that they are replaced.
The kidneys and hormones regulate the concentration of each electrolyte and if levels are too high the kidneys filter it from the body and the hormones help to balance the levels accordingly.
The most common electrolyte imbalances are sodium and potassium, having low levels of electrolytes can ultimately affect overall health.
This imbalance can present as a health issue when the concentration of a certain electrolyte becomes too high for the body to regulate.
What makes Electrolytes more important on the Keto diet?
When embarking on a low carb, high fat keto diet your body goes through a phase of glycogen depletion in the muscles and produces less insulin in the absence of blood glucose.
When the glycogen stores become depleted then our kidneys respond by excreting more water as opposed to retaining it.
This can lead to a loss of water weight or a ?whoosh? bought on by the absence of carbohydrates.
This is fantastic as not only have you shed a few pounds and look better it will also give you a boost to keep going.
The downside however is that you have lost a significant amount of electrolytes along with the water loss.
What functions are electrolytes responsible for?
Heartbeat regulation
Muscle contractions
Energy creation and regulation
Bladder control
Brain health and neurological functions
Body temperature regulation
However, when electrolytes become imbalanced or depleted, we can experience:
Heart palpitations
Muscle spasms
Bloating
Changes in Bowel movements
Headaches
Shaking
Dizzy spells
Weakness
All of the above are also signs of Keto flu which you can learn about here.
Electrolyte deficiency is the most common cause of the keto flu and it is easily rectified by taking the following vitamins and minerals.
It is also important to note that everyone will have a different level of electrolytes that their body will need.
How do I restore Electrolytes?
SODIUM
This probably goes against everything you have been taught or believed in but you need to put extra salt on your food!
High sodium is linked to high blood pressure and cardiovascular conditions but when you are on a keto diet an increase of water excretion means that electrolytes including sodium are being depleted.
The best source of sodium is sea salt, pink salt and Celtic salt.
I am conscious that when on a Keto diet especially in the summer months, or when I?ve done a grueling workout, I need to quickly replenish lost electrolytes.
I often dissolve a bouillon stock cube if I feel dizzy or light-headed and this is a quick fix for me.
POTTASIUM
Potassium is vital for the regulation of healthy blood pressure, healthy heart rate and to balance fluid in the body.
Potassium however can be toxic at higher doses so its better if you try and get your potassium levels met through dark green leafy veg, avocados, salmon, nuts, mushrooms and apple cider vinegar.
CALCIUM
Calcium is responsible for functions such as blood clotting, building and maintaining a strong skeletal system and nerve function.
For bioavailability calcium is best taken with vitamin D. You can get your Calcium form dairy, leafy greens and broccoli.
MAGNESIUM
Magnesium helps a whole host of bodily functions. It helps us maintain a healthy immune system, nerve functions and a normal heart rhythm.
Unfortunately, it is difficult to get enough magnesium from our diet so in this case it would be a good idea to take a supplement to fill the nutritional gap.
If you drink lots of dark sodas or drink lots of caffeine you could be flushing out all the magnesium that you are taking in.
For immediate relief and a quick electrolyte fix you can use:
Pickle juice
Bouillon Drink
Sole water
Bone Broth
Stock Drink
Salt and Lemons
HOW I TAKE MY ELECTROLYTES
To make sure that I was getting my daily dose of electrolytes. I would make a big 32 oz beaker of my electrolytes and sip it throughout the day.
I noticed that when I tried to drink them all in one go it would cause me to have some serious unwanted visits to the toilet which is not very good for anyone.
This would be counterproductive as I was trying to replenish electrolytes only to lose them immediately. I now sip my electrolytes throughout the course of the day.
When I missed taking enough electrolytes I really suffered. Headaches, feeling dizzy, lightheaded and even vomiting were common if there was an imbalance.
I could clearly see that for me to be able to continue with the Keto diet it was imperative that I keep on top of my electrolytes.
ELECTROLYTES ARE NOT OPTIONAL AND NEED TO BE ADDED IN FROM DAY 1
SODIUM 5000-7000mg
MAGNESIUM 300-500mg
POTTASIUM RICH FOODS 1000-3500mg
DONT WAIT UNTIL YOU FEEL LIKE CRAP, THE SOONER YOU GET THEM IN THE BETTER YOU WILL FEEL
My electrolyte drink consists of the following:
Sodium 7000 mg a day
Potassium 3500 mg a day
Magnesium 500 mg per day
For sodium, I use sole water which is pronounced So-lay.
For magnesium, I use a supplement called natural calm.
For potassium, I have been using Nu salt. Below is how I make my sole water:
SOLE WATER
1.Take a wide mouthed mason jar and fill it a ? of the way with either Himalayan pink salt or Celtic salt or a mix of the two.
2. Add filtered water all the way leaving an inch on the top
3. Close the jar and give it a good shake
4. Leave on the counter, after 24-48 hrs you will notice that the salt is sitting at the bottom of the jar and the clear water is on the top.
This means that the water has absorbed all the salt that it possibly can. You can keep adding salt and filtered water to the same jar.
On special occasions I also have this as my electrolyte Pina colada. In a pint glass add the following
2 tablespoons sole water
? teaspoon Nu salt
2 tablespoons whipping cream
Fill with water or coconut water
Add Dasani pineapple coconut water flavor
MY ELECTROLYTE DRINK
I use a 22 oz bottle and I add
2 tablespoons of sole
Some swerve sweetener or Dasani water enhancer pineapple/ coconut flavour
? teaspoon of Nu Salt
2 teaspoons natural calm supplement.
Add filtered water, ice and enjoy throughout the day.
The bottom line
Water and electrolytes are important.
Period.
But this is more so the case on a ketogenic diet, listen to your body, drink when you are thirsty and keep your sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium.
Keeping on top of your electrolytes could be the single most important thing that will either make this diet a success or a failure for you.
Trust me once you have had the keto flu you will do anything to prevent it from happening again.
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WANT TO LOSE WEIGHT ON KETO, BUT DON?T KNOW WHERE TO BEGIN!
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You can make it a reality by signing up for the 28-Day Keto Challenge right now.
The 28-Day Keto Challenge is a well-crafted plan to get you through the first month.
SIMPLY FOLLOW THE PLAN AND YOU WILL SUCCEED.
WHAT IS INCLUDED:
1. KETO DIET BASICS
To get started, you?ll learn the basics of the keto diet, how it was developed, how it works, 13 tips for success, foods to enjoy, and more.:
2. EATING WELL ON KETO
In this guide, you?ll get 10 breakfast recipes, 14 lunch recipes, and 14 dinner recipes, plus a companion 28-Day Meal Plan calendar.
3. STAYING IN KETOSIS
You?ll learn how to get into ketosis in as little as 3 days, how to know if you?re in ketosis, and much more.
4. MASTERING MACROS
Learn how to calculate your macronutrients and maintain the proper ratios to stay in ketosis!
5. BEATING KETO FLU
What the ?Keto flu? is and how to make it go away quickly if you experience any symptoms.
6. INTERMITTENT FASTING
Learn about 5 different styles of Intermittent Fasting to kickstart ketosis and accelerate fat loss.
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Discover 5 unique keto-friendly ways to prepare avocados. Yum!
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Learn about 12 of the best Keto supplements that will help you transition to ketosis and make the Ketogenic diet more effective.
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thirteen + 18 =
003312 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Joseph Owades
Joseph Lawrence Owades (July 9, 1919 – December 16, 2005) was an American biochemist and brewer of light and industrially produced beer. He adjusted analytical techniques and quality control, was involved in the development of the first modern light beer, creating many new, unique, and successful specialty beers. He is regarded by some as the father of light beer.
Early life
Owades was born in Manhattan, the son of Jewish parents, and raised in the Bronx. His father, Shmuel, was a dressmaker. In 1939 he graduated from City College of New York (undergraduate), followed by New York University Tandon School of Engineering (Master's and PhD in biochemistry, 1944, 1950), with a dissertation on cholesterol titled Sterol Sulphates: A Study of αCholesterylene and Other Decomposition Products. After wartime work for the US Navy, he went on to Fleischmann's Yeast, Schwarz Laboratories in Mount Vernon, New York (where he taught the Schwarz Brewing Course), and Rheingold Breweries in Brooklyn, where he became Vice President–Technical Director.
Development of light beer
At Rheingold, Owades developed the recipe for Gablinger Beer, one of the first reduced calorie beers. Gablinger was brewed using a process invented by chemist Dr. Hersch Gablinger of Basel, Switzerland. Dr. Gablinger's process involved adding an enzyme (amyloglucosidase) to the wort during fermentation that converted nonfermentable starch into fermentable sugar. The use of this process eliminated carbohydrates from the finished beer, and allowed its caloric content to be reduced by about one-third, while also making it less filling. After Rheingold officials traveled to Europe and sampled Dr. Gablinger's beer, Rheingold bought the exclusive rights to use his process. Using Dr. Gablinger's process, Owades developed the recipe for Gablinger Beer, which was introduced by Rheingold in late 1966.
Craft brewing consultation
Following his time at Rheingold, Owades went to work in Greece for the K. Fix Brewery, then moved to Anheuser-Busch in St. Louis, Missouri, followed by Carling Breweries in Boston. In 1975 Owades formed the Center for Brewing Studies in San Francisco, where he provided consulting services to many micro- and mid-sized brewers and taught annual seminars, becoming known as "the Godfather of the Brewing Industry".
Among his consulting clients were New Amsterdam Brewing in New York City; Anchor Brewing Company in San Francisco; Boston Beer Company, where he developed the highly successful Samuel Adams lager; New Century Brewing, for whom he created Edison light beer; the Olde Heurich Brewing Company; and Rheingold Brewing, where he re-created the original Rheingold lager.
Later life and death
Owades held many patents in the field of brewing and elsewhere.
Owades received the 1994 Award of Merit from the Master Brewers Association of the Americas, and spoke before many brewing organizations. He was among those awarded the Sesquicentennial Medal as a distinguished alumnus by NYU Polytechnic University. He wrote the articles on beer and alcohol metabolism for the Encyclopedia of Food Science and Technology. He was named to the Board of the American Committee for the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, where in 1999 he endowed the Joseph and Ruth Owades Chair in Chemistry.
Owades died at his home in Sonoma, California on December 16, 2005. He is buried at Home of Peace Cemetery in Colma, California. | WIKI |
Freewind Freewind - 3 months ago 16
Scala Question
Why scala can't infer the type in a partial method?
See this example:
def hello(a:String, b:String) = println(a + ":" + b)
val m1 = hello("aaa", _ )
m1("bbb")
It can't be compiled, that I need to add the type to the partial method:
val m1 = hello("aaa", _: String)
Why scala doesn't know the 2nd parameter of method
hello
is
String
?
Answer
Scala's type inference is flow based. Methods and functions need explicit parameter types, which are used to infer other types. The parameter types cannot be inferred from method or function body. Sometimes, however, the parameter types are known from external context, and then don't have to be labeled. Two examples,
val f: String => Unit = hello("aaa", _)
val s = Seq(1,2).map(_+1) // Seq[Int].map expects a function of Int argument type
Below is a quote from Martin Odersky about the limitations of Scala's type inference compared to, say, ML and Haskell. Challenges include Scala's overloading, record selection, and subtyping, as well as the need to keep things simple,
The reason Scala does not have Hindley/Milner type inference is that it is very difficult to combine with features such as overloading (the ad-hoc variant, not type classes), record selection, and subtyping. I’m not saying impossible — there exist a number of extensions that incorporate these features; in fact I have been guitly of some of them myself. I’m just saying it’s very difficult to make this work well in practice, where one needs to have small type expressions, and good error messages. It’s not a shut case either — many researchers are working on pushing the boundaries here (look for instance at Remy’s MLF). But right now it is a tradeoff of better type inferencing vs better support for these features. You can make the tradeoff both ways. The fact that we wanted to integrate with Java tipped the scales in favor of subtyping and away from Hindley/Milner.
Source: comment under post Universal Type Inference is a Bad Thing. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Prayagraj
Comments
Please keep adding informative things about the city. But dont be biased while composing their description. If some of you have ideas about mosques of city which are 'actually' worthy to be seen then please add something about it.
Kumbh Mela
That information looks to be from before 2013, so it needs to be updated, but I can't find the info. Particularly, what are the dates of the 2019 Kumbh Mela? Wyote (talk) 15:02, 28 February 2015 (UTC)
I've gone ahead and deleted the 2013 information, but if anyone knows the 2019 information that'd be great. Wyote (talk) 11:00, 8 August 2015 (UTC)
I believe these are the dates https://www.tourmyindia.com/kumbhmela/bathing-dates.html, I'm putting forward the idea that we make kumbh mela a article --Billbarrelrider (talk) 14:53, 21 January 2019 (UTC)
Kumbh mela section /article
Since kumbh significantly changes the character and logistics of allahabad, and it changes annually I'm wondering if it should have its own article.
I know this isn't the norm, but the tent city is now 40km square and I would argue constitutes a city and meets all the destination requirements independently.
The event is decidedly not tourist friendly owing to the sheer volume of people, lack of information in English and lack of tourist support on the ground.
To expand the section on the festival would make the article huge, and would only be relevant once a year at most.
Let me know what you think.
--Billbarrelrider (talk) 07:01, 7 February 2019 (UTC)
* My feeling is, expand the section, and then when it starts to overwhelm the article, we can take up the question of whether to break it off into its own article and would probably achieve a consensus to do so at that point. Ikan Kekek (talk) 07:30, 7 February 2019 (UTC)
Name change
It has now been a year and a half since the name of Allahabad was changed to Prayagraj. Most major media outlets are using Prayagraj, which is slowly becoming more and more popular. I think it is time that we also change the name to Prayagraj.Minal75 (talk) 23:57, 15 May 2020 (UTC)
* Is that true of foreign sources, too? Ikan Kekek (talk) 05:08, 16 May 2020 (UTC)
* I rather just reverted an undiscussed page move here. Wikipedia still uses Allahabad so I oppose changing the name of the article SHB2000 (talk | contribs | meta.wikimedia) 06:08, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
* Undiscussed page moves that aren't blindingly obvious are not OK. Ikan Kekek (talk) 08:31, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
* Hence my revert. This was last proposed on Wikipedia on September the 20th, and the result was "not moved". SHB2000 (talk | contribs | meta.wikimedia) 09:14, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
* Given that today's incident wasn't the first time someone's tried to unilaterally change the name used in this article, I've gone ahead and created an edit notice that should deter users from unilaterally changing the name (the edit notice can be found on MediaWiki:Editnotice-0-Allahabad, by the way). SHB2000 (talk | contribs | meta) 09:51, 25 April 2023 (UTC)
* Thanks. Ikan Kekek (talk) 13:26, 25 April 2023 (UTC)
* I didn't realize the notice hadn't already been put into the article. Yes, let's put it in the article. Ikan Kekek (talk) 13:51, 25 April 2023 (UTC)
* Or not? Wikipedia moved their article: see w:Talk:Prayagraj. Do we need to follow them? Ikan Kekek (talk) 20:51, 25 April 2023 (UTC)
* Which name do most UP (and more broadly, Indian) media outlets use? ? SHB2000 (talk | contribs | meta) 22:31, 25 April 2023 (UTC)
* Indian outlets generally use "Prayagraj" since 2018 and there's only a few instances of "Allahabad" (mostly Allahabad Bank and Allahabad High Court). Sbb1413 (he) (talk • contribs) 04:36, 26 April 2023 (UTC)
* Strong Support
* Major English-Language Media outlets: They have almost universally started using Prayagraj, regardless of whether they are based in the United States such as Reuters, New York Times, or Washington Post, the UK such as BBC or the Guardian, or in India such as the Indian Express or NDTV.
* Quality Encyclopedia: Britannica Uses Prayagraj.
* Geographic Name Servers: Google Maps, Bing Maps, and Apple Maps all use Prayagraj.
* Major Science Bodies and Journals: Checking citations for Prayagraj vs Allahabad is complicated, because Allahabad is used as a name for a lot of things besides the city that is the subject of the article, such as other locations called Allahabad, a district court, a military hospital, a fort, a pillar, a kind of plant, and importantly multiple universites have Allahabad in their name. However, we can easily check which is more the common representation for the city that is the subject of this article by searching for "Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh" vs "Allahabad,Uttar Pradesh". Since 2022, Prayagraj is far more common, with 1800 results for Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh vs only 694 for Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, which is pretty clear evidence that Prayagraj has become the common name in the scientific literature as well.
* The original question was have reliable sources started using the new name? Clearly, given sources as diverse as Encyclopedia Britannica, Reuters, and Google maps have done so, the answer is A Big Yes.Britannica Uses Prayagraj.
* Geographic Name Servers: Google Maps, Bing Maps, and Apple Maps all use Prayagraj. JaggaDaaku (talk) 06:12, 26 April 2023 (UTC)
* Thanks. "Reliable sources" wasn't really the question (that seems like a Wikipedia question - I think we're more concerned with common usage by ordinary people than Wikipedia is), but all that information is appreciated. It appears like, for whatever reason, Prayagraj has caught on more than Bengaluru and several other names. Ikan Kekek (talk) 16:32, 26 April 2023 (UTC)
* According to me, There is no possible way to prove what common people are using. Just FYI I am from the Hindi Heartland where Prayagraj lies. I can assure you that people used PRAYAGRAJ way before it was officially changed. Locals always called it as PRAYAG because of its religious significance and world famous KUMBH MELA. JaggaDaaku (talk) 16:43, 26 April 2023 (UTC)
* I think Prayagraj has caught on more than Bengaluru because Prayagraj is an entirely different name (the previous name was Allahabad), while Bengaluru looks (and sounds) similar to its former name Bangalore (behng-guh-loo-roo versus bang-guh-lohr). Sbb1413 (he) (talk • contribs) 16:45, 26 April 2023 (UTC)
* Of course, there are cases where official names become widespread despite its similarity to its former name. For example, Calcutta vs Kolkata, Bombay vs Mumbai, Madras vs Chennai, Cochin vs Kochi etc. Sbb1413 (he) (talk • contribs) 16:53, 26 April 2023 (UTC)
* Right. Well, I think we should wait two days to see if anyone has a good argument for why we shouldn't change the name of this article. If no-one has a good reason to object, the change should be made at that point. Ikan Kekek (talk) 17:10, 26 April 2023 (UTC)
* If this page does get moved, feel free to delete MediaWiki:Editnotice-0-Allahabad (i.e. the edit notice) under the rationale "Author request", in the case that I forget. SHB2000 (talk | contribs | meta) 12:05, 28 April 2023 (UTC)
* Done, and I made some preliminary edits to the text, but this is a big job, so I need help to change the name in appropriate places in the article only. And then there are the links that should be updated. Ikan Kekek (talk) 17:47, 29 April 2023 (UTC)
* Thank you for renaming the article. If I have enough time, I will initiate Allahabad vs Prayagraj discussions in Wikimedia Commons, Bengali Wikipedia and (if I can fully understand the language) Hindi Wikipedia. Sbb1413 (he) (talk • contribs) 04:00, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
* Sure thing. Ikan Kekek (talk) 04:57, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
* WV:Romanization: I guess there's consensus about maintaining some traditional, old-usage cases such as this? Ibaman (talk) 22:19, 25 April 2023 (UTC)
* Only if it's still the most common English name. Ikan Kekek (talk) 23:21, 25 April 2023 (UTC)
* The "Indic" section is not necessarily a consensus but a convention used in India. Although Hunterian transliteration is the national standard, due to its notable shortcomings, I've used NLK, which is not only an official standard in use but also covers all Indic scripts (except Sinhala). Sbb1413 (he) (talk • contribs) 04:54, 26 April 2023 (UTC)
Promote to Guide status?
What does it take to promote this article to Guide? /Yvwv (talk) 00:10, 26 July 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
#! /usr/bin/python import sys def send_interface (cli_id): print '::BEGIN:%s' % (cli_id) f = open (sys.argv[1] + 'interface.xml') print f.read () f.close () print '::END' sys.stdout.flush () def send_message (cli_id, msg_id, msg): print '::BEGIN:%s' % (cli_id) print '' \ '' % (msg_id, msg) print '::END' sys.stdout.flush () def send_all (users, msg_id, msg): for u in users: send_message (u[0], msg_id, msg) def newclient (line, users): sid = line[10:].split(' ')[0] uname = line[10:].split(' ')[1] send_interface (sid) if uname == 'guest': users.append ((sid, ('guest-%s' % (sid)))) else: users.append ((sid,uname)) send_all (users, 'system', 'user %s joined' % (users[-1][1])) def oldclient (line, users): sid = line[10:].split(' ')[0] uname = line[10:].split(' ')[1] users.remove ((sid,uname)) send_all (users, 'system', 'user %s left' % (uname)) def sidtouser (users, sid): for x in users: if x[0] == sid: return x[1] return none def clidata (line, users): sid = line.split(':')[0] idx = line.rfind (' usertext:text:"') if idx >= 0: idx += 16 ridx = line.find ('"', idx) if ridx > 0: msg = line[idx:ridx] send_all (users, sidtouser (users, sid), msg) users = [] while 1: line = raw_input () if line == "": continue if line.startswith ('NEWCLIENT:'): newclient (line, users) elif line.startswith ('OLDCLIENT:'): oldclient (line, users) else: clidata (line, users) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Panel analysis
Panel (data) analysis is a statistical method, widely used in social science, epidemiology, and econometrics to analyze two-dimensional (typically cross sectional and longitudinal) panel data. The data are usually collected over time and over the same individuals and then a regression is run over these two dimensions. Multidimensional analysis is an econometric method in which data are collected over more than two dimensions (typically, time, individuals, and some third dimension).
A common panel data regression model looks like $$y_{it}=a+bx_{it}+\varepsilon_{it}$$, where $$y$$ is the dependent variable, $$x$$ is the independent variable, $$a$$ and $$b$$ are coefficients, $$i$$ and $$t$$ are indices for individuals and time. The error $$\varepsilon_{it}$$ is very important in this analysis. Assumptions about the error term determine whether we speak of fixed effects or random effects. In a fixed effects model, $$\varepsilon_{it}$$ is assumed to vary non-stochastically over $$i$$ or $$t$$ making the fixed effects model analogous to a dummy variable model in one dimension. In a random effects model, $$\varepsilon_{it}$$ is assumed to vary stochastically over $$i$$ or $$t$$ requiring special treatment of the error variance matrix.
Panel data analysis has three more-or-less independent approaches:
* independently pooled panels;
* random effects models;
* fixed effects models or first differenced models.
The selection between these methods depends upon the objective of the analysis, and the problems concerning the exogeneity of the explanatory variables.
Independently pooled panels
Key assumption: There are no unique attributes of individuals within the measurement set, and no universal effects across time.
Fixed effect models
Key assumption: There are unique attributes of individuals that do not vary over time. That is, the unique attributes for a given individual $$i$$ are time $$t$$ invariant. These attributes may or may not be correlated with the individual dependent variables yi. To test whether fixed effects, rather than random effects, is needed, the Durbin–Wu–Hausman test can be used.
Random effects models
Key assumption: There are unique, time constant attributes of individuals that are not correlated with the individual regressors. Pooled OLS can be used to derive unbiased and consistent estimates of parameters even when time constant attributes are present, but random effects will be more efficient.
Random effects model is a feasible generalised least squares technique which is asymptotically more efficient than Pooled OLS when time constant attributes are present. Random effects adjusts for the serial correlation which is induced by unobserved time constant attributes.
Models with instrumental variables
In the standard random effects (RE) and fixed effects (FE) models, independent variables are assumed to be uncorrelated with error terms. Provided the availability of valid instruments, RE and FE methods extend to the case where some of the explanatory variables are allowed to be endogenous. As in the exogenous setting, RE model with Instrumental Variables (REIV) requires more stringent assumptions than FE model with Instrumental Variables (FEIV) but it tends to be more efficient under appropriate conditions.
To fix ideas, consider the following model:
* $$y_{it}=x_{it}\beta+c_i+u_{it}$$
where $$c_i$$ is unobserved unit-specific time-invariant effect (call it unobserved effect) and $$x_{it}$$ can be correlated with $$u_{is}$$ for s possibly different from t. Suppose there exists a set of valid instruments $$z_i=(z_{i1},\ldots,z_{it})$$.
In REIV setting, key assumptions include that $$z_i$$ is uncorrelated with $$c_i$$ as well as $$u_{it}$$ for $$t=1,\ldots,T$$. In fact, for REIV estimator to be efficient, conditions stronger than uncorrelatedness between instruments and unobserved effect are necessary.
On the other hand, FEIV estimator only requires that instruments be exogenous with error terms after conditioning on unobserved effect i.e. $$E[u_{it} \mid z_i,c_i]=0[1]$$. The FEIV condition allows for arbitrary correlation between instruments and unobserved effect. However, this generality does not come for free: time-invariant explanatory and instrumental variables are not allowed. As in the usual FE method, the estimator uses time-demeaned variables to remove unobserved effect. Therefore, FEIV estimator would be of limited use if variables of interest include time-invariant ones.
The above discussion has parallel to the exogenous case of RE and FE models. In the exogenous case, RE assumes uncorrelatedness between explanatory variables and unobserved effect, and FE allows for arbitrary correlation between the two. Similar to the standard case, REIV tends to be more efficient than FEIV provided that appropriate assumptions hold.
Dynamic panel models
In contrast to the standard panel data model, a dynamic panel model also includes lagged values of the dependent variable as regressors. For example, including one lag of the dependent variable generates:
* $$y_{it}=a+bx_{it}+\rho y_{it-1}+\varepsilon_{it}$$
The assumptions of the fixed effect and random effect models are violated in this setting. Instead, practitioners use a technique like the Arellano–Bond estimator. | WIKI |
Talk:Mean Machine (sailing team)
Categorisation of Mean Machine Sailing Team
This article is titled Mean Machine Sailing Team and is about a very successful sailing team with achievements in several different boats. Mean Machine is a boat and hence needs a separate article which can be categorized under "Yachts" or "Individual Sailing Vessels". "Mean Sailing Machine Team" is not a Yacht or an Individual Sailing Vessel. Recommend you start a Category "Sailing Teams" (it may already exist). Do you agree? Thanks, Boatman (talk) 21:41, 19 November 2010 (UTC)
External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 2 external links on Mean Machine (sailing team). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added tag to http://www.mean-machine.nl/
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070829152125/http://2007.medcup.org/resultados/index1_real.php?idioma=2 to http://2007.medcup.org/resultados/index1_real.php?idioma=2
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090703174228/http://medcup.org/backend/pdf_new/export.php?idRegatta=0 to http://medcup.org/backend/pdf_new/export.php?idRegatta=0
* Added tag to http://www.sailing.org/9053.php?PHPSESSID=7aebc3f34246fcf5f480f11dbc042209
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 20:32, 23 January 2018 (UTC) | WIKI |
Rodney Badger
Rodney Badger (February 4, 1823 – April 29, 1853) was the first Utah law enforcement officer to die during the performance of his sworn duties. He died on April 29, 1853, trying to rescue a family whose wagon had overturned in the Weber River. He successfully rescued four children and their mother and died while trying to rescue two other children.
Badger was born in Waterford, Vermont, and was a convert to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Badger was a Mormon pioneer and arrived in the Salt Lake Valley with the first company on 24 July 1847. Badger was a special agent for the Perpetual Emigrating Fund Company and was a deputy sheriff of Salt Lake County. He was survived by his wife and four children and he is buried in Salt Lake City Cemetery.
Early life
Rodney Badger was born in Waterford, Vermont, to parents John Badger and Lydia Chamberlain Badger on February 4, 1823. He had two younger siblings, John Badger and Lydia Badger. In Rodney's early teenage years, Mormon leader Heber C. Kimball preached in Vermont, and Lyman E. Johnson and Orson Pratt preached to and converted the Badger family to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in Charleston, Vermont. The parents were baptized in July 1835.
The family later moved to Kirtland, Ohio, and then settled for a time in Montrose, Iowa. It was there that Rodney's father, John, died in 1838. The family then moved to Nauvoo, Illinois. On January 1, 1839, Rodney Badger was baptized at nearly 16 years old. Rodney's mother, Lydia, died in Nauvoo in September 1844.
Rodney married Nancy Garr in March 1845. Their first child, a daughter they named Nancy Maria, was born February 27, 1846, in La Harpe, Illinois.
In 1847, Rodney Badger was a member of the Brigham Young Vanguard Company, arriving in Salt Lake City, Utah, on July 24, 1847. In August of that year he went back to help other wagons of Mormon pioneers, including his young family, who had left Winter Quarters, Nebraska. Rodney met with his wife, father-in-law, and baby in September 1847, who were part of the Jedediah M. Grant Company moving to Utah. Rodney and Nancy settled in Salt Lake City in October 1847.
Over the next few years, Rodney Badger became Sheriff of Great Salt Lake County, a member of the Bishopric of the 15th ward, and Lieutenant of the Territorial Militia. On September 6, 1848, Rodney and Nancy had a son, Rodney Carlos. On October 26, 1850, they had another son, named George William. Two years later, July 27, 1852, the couple had another daughter, Charlotte Louise.
Service and death
Rodney Badger served as Sheriff of Great Salt Lake County for several years.
Deputy Rodney Badger died on April 29, 1853, rescuing a family whose wagon had tipped in the Weber River in Utah. He saved four children and their mother, but died going back to save the other two children. One of the bodies of the children was found the next day, the other three months later by James H. Heath. It wasn't until October 19, 1854, Heath found the remains of Rodney Badger on a small island about 1 1/2 miles from where Deputy Badger had gone under the water the previous year.
Deputy Rodney Badger is buried in the Salt Lake City Cemetery.
On April 25, 1996, 143 years after he gave his life in the line of duty, the Salt Lake County Sheriff's Office posthumously awarded the Purple Heart and Medal of Honor to Rodney Badger and gave them to his descendants. | WIKI |
Talk:Digital rhetoric
Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Inggrit olivin, Zeeshan Faiez.
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Untitled
I'm thinking we should take out the state names in the sentence (first paragraph) "Courses on eRhetoric are currently being taught at the university-level in California, Minnesota, Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio," and just end it after “university level.” Most major universities now offer some version of eRhetoric or writing technologies courses. --Crickrhet (talk) 01:26, 7 February 2012 (UTC)
I agree, so I took care of it.Jacobwc (talk) 14:15, 13 November 2013 (UTC)
I believe in the history section it would not hurt to add more on the concepts of rhetoric. Perhaps simply a link to the rhetoric page in which gives the reader more understand of Aristotle and his concepts of pathos, logos, and ethos. If the reader understands these concepts they can better understand the concept of digital rhetoric and will be able to use it more effectively. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Smcmanus56 (talk • contribs) 20:57, 16 April 2018 (UTC)
Article name
Hi, I wonder if Digital rhetoric might be a stronger name for this article. See: WP:NAMINGCRITERIA. Thanks, DA Sonnenfeld (talk) 01:09, 16 November 2013 (UTC)
I think the title should be digital rhetoric. I found it as eRhetoric and couldn't figure out how to change it. Jacobwc (talk) 16:07, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
Appropriate name — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ryan Jiawei Xing (talk • contribs) 01:07, 25 March 2019 (UTC)
Requested move
* The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.
The result of the proposal was moved by Jacobwc. --BDD (talk) 18:14, 26 November 2013 (UTC)
ERhetoric → Digital rhetoric – Digital rhetoric is the appropriate term for the area of study. eRhetoric is antiquated and is narrowly situated in the school where the page's creator studied. Digital rhetoric is the operative term in the literature and that term is repeated in texts for more broader audiences https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Digital_Rhetoric Jacobwc (talk) 16:17, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* Support: the logical and most appropriate name for this article. Thanks, DA Sonnenfeld (talk) 16:56, 18 November 2013 (UTC)
* The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.
No need for Cicero here(?)
There doesn't seem to a reason for Cicero to be in this section, other than it is mentioned in the History section. Unless there is a way to revise it to something along the lines of Cicero's Canons of Rhetoric in Digital Contexts, then it's unnecessary. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Crowdsourced (talk • contribs) 18:28, 11 July 2017 (UTC)
External links modified (January 2018)
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141220105226/http://rhetoric.byu.edu/Encompassing%20Terms/rhetoric.htm to http://rhetoric.byu.edu/encompassing%20terms/rhetoric.htm
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Ryan's Peer Review
testing testing — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:36, 22 March 2018 (UTC)
I'm here testing again. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ryan Jiawei Xing (talk • contribs) 01:09, 25 March 2019 (UTC)
Moved content
I've moved this here from the article - it's a section on branding that had no sourcing other than a single source, an accepted Master's thesis that analyzed these specific three companies. It doesn't look like there's anything else to back this up and I can't find anything that cites this thesis as a source to show where it should be highlighted like this. The section also has some issues with OR. I figure that moving it here could be helpful if there's anything to be saved. Shalor (Wiki Ed) (talk) 15:02, 21 June 2018 (UTC) Agree.Ryan Jiawei Xing (talk) 01:13, 25 March 2019 (UTC)
Branding
In a 2012, a rhetorical analysis of Coca-Cola, Southwest Airlines, and the U.S. Army, three brands that often successfully employ social media, showed their social media utilized ethos, pathos and logos to promote the brand.
Coca-Cola spends 6.6% of their advertising budget on social media as they use nearly every platform. Their foundation of storytelling has consistently allowed the brand to be a top marketer of all time. Initially, Coca-Cola did not start utilizing social media, however with the use of pathos that marketing is thriving. The famous polar bears are a great way every year to create nostalgia and reminding viewers of the older generations loved the product. Coca-Cola’s Vice President of Global Advertising and Strategy states that Coke’s stories must add substance and value to people’s lives and it has to be the most compelling content possible. This focus on pathos successfully benefits the Coca-Cola brand. Now with these holiday cans, Coca-Cola provides information about the endangered Polar Bears as well as donates proceeds to saving them.
Southwest Airlines started its media campaign in 2006 by starting their own blog. As the first in the field to rely on social media, Southwest employs ethos to engage the community as well as help their customers. Focusing on transparent and timely responses, the airline hopes to be able to create a comfortable atmosphere. Through social media the brand has been able to showcase the personality as well as the core beliefs it stands for. While planning for content is an internal effort of multiple departments, Southwest also reaches out specifically to influencers: travel bloggers, brand fanatics, avid travelers, and importantly, employees who all contribute to the content. This creates a personalized yet authoritative position as these individuals have credibility and support the brand.
U.S Army was the first department of defense branch to come up with an app and regularly participate in social media discourse. The army first utilized social media when media outlets began more aggressively reporting on war efforts. Through this they were able to connect with their audience as well as bring new facts and figures into view. This use of logos allowed individuals to understand both sides of the story as well as draw support for the army. To strengthen the brand the social media is often filled with powerful quotes from leaders, historical moments as well as current mission updates. Using powerful language that strikes responsive chords to the audience, often seen in stories of sacrifice and heroism. This engages future recruits, people with loved ones serving, and anyone else interested in the army.
Adding to the definition of digital rhetorics
We are explanding the definition of digital rhetoric to include a more current iteration of what digital rhetoric is, using Douglas Eyman’s Digital Rhetoric book. Krolkm (talk) 16:56, 16 July 2018 (UTC)
Douglas Eyman’s Digital Rhetoric
Krolkm (talk) 17:13, 16 July 2018 (UTC)
We added an outside link to Eyman’s text. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Krolkm (talk • contribs) 17:07, 16 July 2018 (UTC)
Further expand Eyman definition
Krolkm (talk) 17:14, 16 July 2018 (UTC)
We added a few additional elements to the definition. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Krolkm (talk • contribs) 17:09, 16 July 2018 (UTC)
Ryan's Testing Section
testing, testing, testing! Ryan Jiawei Xing (talk) 22:24, 6 October 2018 (UTC)
Condensing/Organization
I'm wondering if "Mind sharing" and "Crowdsourcing" should perhaps be condensed into the same category as they are very similar concepts and I think they would benefit from being compared side-by-side as simultaneously emerging concepts that have grown with the concept of Digital Rhetoric. BIGLOSERNERD666 (talk) 20:07, 15 February 2019 (UTC)
I began to condense the Politics section by removing dated statistics. This section could be updated more by adding more recent statistics about the use of digital rhetoric in elections.
Unnecessary(?) Info in the Politics Section
Hi,
I was recently editing some of the grammar issues in the Politics section and came across some information that, in my opinion, does not seem to add much to the article. This information is as follows:
"Donald Trump often lacks credible references and uses bombastic language that leads to a heavy emphasis on emotional rhetoric. The majority of his tweets lack a factual basis that can withstand empirical verification.[19] If a position is taken, the language used is vague and abstract. Nearly a quarter of Trump's tweets are Ad Hominem. Mostly utilizing pathos, Trump's Twitter is now a major influencing factor in the world of politics.[19]
Bernie Sanders uses Twitter in response to political events, issues, or facts. 82% of Sanders' tweets state a position.[19] Through these position-based tweets, he also makes claims about "values" belonging to himself, his political party, or Americans as a whole. While these values are not necessarily truths, they can be considered pseudo-truths that make use of both logos and pathos.
Hillary Clinton's tweets are mainly driven by logos, which increases their empirical validation. Her tweets are written with direct references to evidence or concrete situations. However, they can contain ambiguous language that makes the degree of truth less clear. Clinton also lacks emotive language in her messages, sticking only to the facts.
Jeb Bush also employs rhetoric that is mainly fact oriented, with the occasional ambiguity. Bush mostly Tweets with ethos through pseudo-concepts. Unlike other candidates, he makes moral statements. Bush's rhetoric mixes logos, pathos, and ethos."
I was thinking about removing it, but I wanted to get others' opinions on its relevance first. Isabella Pham (talk) 05:50, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
UPDATE: I decided to remove this section, but it will still be here in case anyone disagrees. If anyone really wants to add it back, it came directly after the sentence that says "Steir conducted a study to analyze the different types of rhetoric that took place in social media platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter; during the 2013 election campaign for the German Bundestag, he found that the types of information that politicians share on both platforms varied — Facebook was found to be the preferred medium for campaign rhetoric while Twitter was mostly utilized for rhetoric regarding political debates, infrastructure discussions, and law and order.[19]"
Isabella Pham (talk) 04:57, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
Testing
Good!Ryan Jiawei Xing (talk) 21:59, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
Testing, testing! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Annisogood (talk • contribs) 17:29, 10 February 2021 (UTC)
Additions/Possible Additions
Hi everyone,
I added some sections about Critical Literacy, Tagging, and Interactivity. However, I also think that the article could use some more information about how corporations use digital rhetoric. What do you think? Isabella Pham (talk) 15:47, 17 October 2019 (UTC)
There are quite a few scholars and digital rhetoricians mentioned in this article, however I noticed that there was an overrepresentation of White, Western minds and views brought to the audience's attention. Is there a way we can diversify the scholarship and highlight some underrepresented figures in digital rhetoric? Aerimars (talk) 22:17, 10 February 2021 (UTC)
/* Appropriation */ Took out opinion information that was not cited.
Some opinion information was added to the "Appropriation" section and was left uncited. I have deleted the information, but copied it down here for the record: "In the digital age most everything is considered appropriation. Scholars pull their information from a myriad of sources and are constantly redefining terms in order to apply them to the digital world."
If you really do feel like re-adding this information, it was the first two sentences in the section. SumayyahGhori (talk) 08:05, 10 February 2020 (UTC)
Links to Rhetoricians
I was wondering if you would add Wikipedia links to each of the rhetoricians you reference in the the article
Charles Nyonga FiveTymeWCW (talk) 20:08, 10 February 2020 (UTC)
Politics Examples for Non-US Countries
I noticed that the vast majority of examples presented within the "Politics" section of the page focus on politicians or political events from the United States exclusively. Should it be necessary to diversify the scope of the article and add/cite information about digital rhetoric from other countries as well? KStanfo (talk) 03:18, 11 February 2020 (UTC)
Technofeminism section
I started a technofeminist section to the digital rhetoric page. I included some citations from research articles that I have reviewed and linked other Wikipedia pages to this section. In the future I would like to see a list of scholars who have contributed to technofeminism in this section. I would also like to connect the TechnoFeminism book Wikipedia page with a summary of the book to this section on the digital rhetoric page. Shavedsquirrel97 (talk) 14:44, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
Removed the image for the Lead. It was not relevant to the topic. Here is the link to the image in case anyone wants to recover it: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Student_with_computer.JPG — Preceding unsigned comment added by Khillm (talk • contribs) 14:45, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
Scope of Influence
After adding more information about the scope of influence of digital rhetoric, focusing on mostly Social Media, Politics, Education, and Workplace, I am aware that there could be more ways that digital rhetoric expands its influence. I mostly focused on social media and the ways that the interconnected world of social media influence digital rhetoric in our everyday lives. I invite anyone who finds a new way that digital rhetoric influences our daily lives to add to this part. Also, while focusing mostly on social media, if there is a mode of social media that was not mentioned and would fit nicely, I encourage anyone to add where they see fit. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dancer0211 (talk • contribs) 14:50, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
I updated the education section to be more relevant. Digital rhetoric is highly implemented in classrooms. The second paragraph could use some more updating. — Preceding unsigned comment added by McEngl491 (talk • contribs) 14:59, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
I added a new sub-section on professionals in the workplace. It could use some more expanding since there are so many ways that the professional field now utilizes digital rhetoric. Also, I had not yet added any linked sites within the paragraph, so that needs some additions as well. — Preceding unsigned comment added by GNorell924 (talk • contribs) 15:08, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
I want to expand the different types of social media referenced, particularly with the addition of video-sharing platforms. In addition, I think the topic of Internet memes is worth discussing under social media as a type of digital rhetoric and would be interested to hear feedback. FishPhil (talk) 16:44, 8 February 2021 (UTC)
The subsection titled "Professionals in the Workplace" is lacking citations. I think a few sources should be added to make this section appear more credible. Shan.duffy (talk) 02:25, 10 February 2021 (UTC)
Controversies section
I combined the "open access" and "copyright" sections into one. If you feel strongly that they should be separate, you can re-add the "open access" subheader above that paragraph. Lucymobe (talk) 14:55, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
Wiki Links
I have tried my best to add as many relevant Wiki links to this page as possible, to allow readers access to a larger pool of information about this subject. However, I noticed that many of the concepts or people I wanted to link to are not yet articles on Wikipedia. It would be nice if someone else was able to possibly go through the page, note down important concepts/ people, and made articles on them (and then linked those articles to this page afterward!). A daunting task, but one well worth the effort in my opinion. Thanks! SumayyahGhori (talk) 15:10, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
Organizing the Concepts Category
Under the tab for "concepts," there are too many that have similar descriptions. Combindinding collaboration, crowdsourcing, and delivery under circulation seem to be more effective. The sup-topics need to be trimmed down in words a bit. Under the tab for "interactivity," I collected mind sharing, multimodality, and remix as sub-categories.
The concept of "Electracy" needs more sources. I believe that the next editor can link it with Kairos.
Also, while moving some text around, the citations seem to have disappeared for most of the bulleted texts. If someone has the time, could they help by relinking the correct citation to the text?
FiveTymeWCW (talk) 15:11, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
Suggestions for Concepts Section
I was one of the recent editors that took up organizing the concepts section. I added the "Avatar" paragraph into "Visual Rhetoric" as an example of the latter. In addition, I merged the former tagging and appropriation sections into "Rhetorical Velocity" because they aided understanding of the term. For future edits, it may be possible to combine critical literacy and electracy in some way. A fellow editor and I concluded that both terms seem to have an educational purpose in that they're skills acquired to deepen the understanding and use of digital rhetoric. Electracy seems like it could be a term used to expand on critical literacy, so that may be something to look into. Visook (talk) 15:12, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
When editing the history section the thing I thought was the most important for everyone to know was that the idea of multimedia and hypertexts. I did this by citing Angela Haas and her research on wampum belts. Also, the definition of digital rhetoric was pretty dated so I put the previous editor's ideas and put them in the past tense and put my additions in the present and future tense so that readers can also see the evolution of what rhetoriticians study and what they find important. I also made it a point to cite scholars such as Haas and Boyle et al. who are currently doing work in the field. By explaining what they are studying my hope is to broaden the reader's understanding of what digital rhetoric is because it goes beyond using just computers and tablets. There is still some work to be done to explain the history of digital rhetoric. Edits are welcomed! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Oakinfe1 (talk • contribs) 15:13, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
The subsection titled "interactivity" contains a lot of useful information, but it is lacking citations to support the information. The definitions in this section would appear much more credible if they cited a source. Shan.duffy (talk) 02:29, 10 February 2021 (UTC)
The section on Legitimacy discusses the role of COVID in shifting the primary school platform from the schools to online environments. It references the gaps in technology access, but it does not dive into more secondary studies on the effects of this shift in the schooling environment. It would be interesting to add in a paragraph regarding what aspects of this online transition remain implemented and the impact of this online shift. It vaguely references this shift in the last sentence, but explaining (or referencing) specific examples would help bolster digital schools' ongoing positive and negative effects. — Preceding unsigned comment added by TechEquity (talk • contribs) 03:22, 10 February 2022 (UTC)
History
When editing the history section the thing I thought was the most important for everyone to know was that the idea of multimedia and hypertexts. I did this by citing Angela Haas and her research on wampum belts. Also, the definition of digital rhetoric was pretty dated so I put the previous editor's ideas and put them in the past tense and put my additions in the present and future tense so that readers can also see the evolution of what rhetoriticians study and what they find important. I also made it a point to cite scholars such as Haas and Boyle et al. who are currently doing work in the field. By explaining what they are studying my hope is to broaden the reader's understanding of what digital rhetoric is because it goes beyond using just computers and tablets. There is still some work to be done to explain the history of digital rhetoric. Edits are welcomed! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Oakinfe1 (talk • contribs) 15:15, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
After reading the history section together with the definition section, I think it would be more useful to focus on a history of the evolution of the term Digital rhetoric. Therefore, if there are no objections, I'll delete the history section and expand the definition section to be more inclusive of the field of digital rhetoric. Katlett (talk) 17:55, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
Scope of Influence section
While the content in the scope of influence introductory section serves as preview for the various areas in which that scope applies, I feel as though the part "Teachers can use podcasts, YouTube videos, and social media sites like Facebook and LinkedIn to facilitate discussions and increase students' interest in a topic. In addition, they can make use of distance learning modules as a form of online teaching." breaks from the flow of the rest of the paragraph and delves a little more into the specifics of the education section. Should this part be moved to the education section or otherwise deleted? KStanfo (talk) 02:41, 14 February 2020 (UTC)
Super PAC info in politics section
I noticed that the sentence "An anti-Trump super PAC spent $9.9 million dollars in digital media" is not only uncited but fully out of place in the rest of the paragraph, which discusses political candidates. I have removed it until a citation can be found, so it can be put in a more appropriate section. KStanfo (talk) 03:54, 14 February 2020 (UTC)
Technofeminism
I figured I'd mention this here since it was a fairly major change for the page's organization. I moved "technofeminism" from the "history" to the "concepts" section of the page, since it didn't really have any references to or indications of a time sequence and wasn't otherwise related to the history of digital rhetoric. KStanfo (talk) 04:04, 14 February 2020 (UTC)
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The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 03:24, 19 July 2020 (UTC)
* Social Media Tool.jpg
Kairos and Technofeminism Sections, Deletion of paragraphs with no sources.
While there is a relationship between technofeminism and digital rhetoric, I am not sure if the relation is intertwined enough to need section on technofeminism. Similarly, while the idea behind Kairos is important to digital rhetoric (the time and context when something was said or created), I feel that it is unnecessary to dedicate a whole subsection to it. Thoughts?
I also went ahead and deleted paragrahs and sentences that had no sources, or added in a [citation needed] to sentences/paragraphs that I thought had good ideas, but lacked sources. Wooloo 246 (talk) 15:54, 10 February 2021 (UTC)
Evaluation
What is the article's overall status? The status would be quite developed. It is listed as a starter page, but the topics are quite advanced in my opinion. I would say small tweaks and it could be rated higher. This article could be improved by adding more visual elements to stimulate and excite the page. Perhaps an audio recording of a scholar discussing digital rhetoric. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Microwavemade (talk • contribs) 16:09, 10 February 2021 (UTC)
Improving the article's lead section
I think that editing the lead section of this article would pay off very well in improving this article's quality.
The lead section does have good attributes. It contains a good overview of this topic; its introductory sentence is an informational and engaging start and the section itself provides readers with an idea of what information this article will contain.
However, I think that the lead section could be improve. My main thought is that it could be made more concise. We could consider combining sentences and maximizing their meaning by using exacting language. This lead section would also benefit from being broken up into smaller, more focused paragraphs. Replacing the current image with a larger one would also make this article more attractive; I also think that a more relevant image could be found for this lead section. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Qwertygirl123 (talk • contribs) 17:42, 10 February 2021 (UTC)
I agree that improving the lead section is of importance and would enhance article quality. I think it would be helpful to also include some mention of the various topics that are included throughout the article (at least the main subheadings) so that this section effectively summarizes the contents at first-glance. Additionally, the lead section should be more inclusive and not assume that technology affects everyone and that everyone has access to it. This will provide a more global approach to the topic.
__ Wiki811pedia (talk) 23:29, 10 February 2021 (UTC)
Images
Content-wise the article seems great but it's almost hard to look at because it has a lot of large, continuous, blocks of texts. I think adding images, or other forms of digital media would be a good improvement. Seesarnahvah (talk) 21:25, 10 February 2021 (UTC)
* I agree that the long blocks of text pose an issue to readers. The while it might be tough to find visuals that fit organically into the article for this topic, I think there could definitely be some improvement in this area. Specifically, the pictures of Obama's post and the hypertext strike me as images that could be improved by finding images that are easier to absorb at first glance. — Preceding unsigned comment added by JarretStidham4 (talk • contribs) 03:36, 11 February 2021 (UTC)
Utilize more applicable images
While I felt the image regarding President Obama was effective, image 1 contributes little to the article and image 3 feels out of place considering the information could have been covered with a hyperlink to prose. I would suggest we look to improve the image placement in the article to make them more visually appealing, as well as seek to find images that are more applicable to the article. Such examples could include following the trend of the "politics" section and including examples in "social media" and "education" in order to reduce the sparsity of the images while keeping them applicable to the article. Xiphias22 (talk) 00:04, 11 February 2021 (UTC)
Jargon and images
The use of jargon in this article may be off putting to some readers, I think it'd be a good idea to sweep the whole article and paraphrase where possible. Also, there's far too much white space on this page, several of these text blocks need to be offset with pleasing and relevant images or other digital media. B3c0m1ngrh1z0m3 (talk) 02:14, 11 February 2021 (UTC)
Social Media Section
I think the social media section is rather brief. In the section about politics, the article goes more in depth about the propagation of different messages across different platforms, so I wouldn't want to be redundant by adding that information to the social media section. However, I think that perhaps a few examples of digital rhetoric in the social media realm might be a helpful addition. The #MeToo movement? Or Blackout Tuesday? Just a suggestion Nicoleemory (talk) 04:15, 11 February 2021 (UTC)
Photos
Hello,
The article would really benefit form having more photos. The passage is very information dense.Jalapinata (talk)
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Technofeminism Section
While evaluating this article, I found that there was no mention of some of the goals of the techno feminist movement that intersect with digital rhetoric, such as accessibility (the digital divide), virtual violence against women, along with exploitation, and more. Mentioning some of these events that relate to both digital rhetoric and techno feminism may better the readers understanding of the relation between the two.
Kreed123 (talk) 00:21, 8 February 2022 (UTC)
Photos
Hello all,
I think this article could really benefit from having more relevant photos and removing those photos that do not add much value to the sections. Some of the photos are also a little hard to read. — Preceding unsigned comment added by GK2000GK (talk • contribs) 13:20, 8 February 2022 (UTC)
Hello,
I agree with the comment above that the photos are an aspect of the article that could benefit from improvement. The current Xbox photo and the photo of the tweet could be updated with media more relevant to the topics at hand. The Xbox photo could be replaced with something that enhances the community or communication aspects of online gaming, since that may explain rhetoric better. JKobrien1 (talk) 01:01, 10 February 2022 (UTC)
About the Lead
Hello, fellow editors!
I just wanted to bring up a concern I have about the main opener/lead. To me, it seems that we dive into the theory too fast without taking the time to describe it thoroughly in layman's terms. Perhaps adding some examples could help? Upon first glance, the page's outline seems more helpful as a definition (ie, listing what digital rhetoric encompasses and affects) than the official text itself. Also, the "r" in "rhetoric" of the title should probably be capitalized...
Thoughts? Anyhow, thanks for your time!
KnightWolf8 (talk) 01:24, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
Additional note about the lead: After, "Today, rhetoric encompasses all forms of discourse that serve any given purpose within specific contexts, while also simultaneously being shaped by those contexts." I would potentially add, "Digital rhetoric, is shaping and being shaped by technology." to bring the focus back to digital. Julyattitude (talk) 03:09, 10 February 2022 (UTC)
* Hello! I agree with [User:KnightWolf8] that the lead gets specific a bit too fast. I think that the theory could be bumped down to the history section; it could be replaced with more generalized information about digital rhetoric and what it is. Additionally, I think the lead should talk generally about the rest of the article content, to really give the audience a fuller idea of digital rhetoric. While it currently discusses theory and history, it doesn't touch so much on forms/objects of study or controversies. Just some ideas! TechnoFem&DigitalRhet (talk) 04:52, 10 February 2022 (UTC)
Concurring With Other Editors
I concur with the previous two points brought up. Some of the photos included (such as the Xbox 360 and the old books) do not seem to serve any real purpose other than to dress up the page. I also think the introduction does not provide an overview of the article but instead jumps right into the content. The introduction should not discuss information not mentioned in the article, so I agree that this content should be moved into another section.
I also think issues of access should be discussed more in depth. The article mainly focuses on access issues related to socioeconomic disparities. However, the discussion on accessibility in terms of ability and disability should be included in the "access" section, as should a discussion of language barriers. JamieBagman (talk) 02:11, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
Critical approaches
I feel like there should be more of a discussion on the critical approaches. Not just what they are but what is good and bad about each approach. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sydneyh1472 (talk • contribs) 22:21, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
Organization
Many of the thoughts throughout the subsections stray from the topic of digital rhetoric (Politics, Misinformation). This article would be a more helpful, easier read if extraneous sentences were pulled out and subsections were organized from big ideas to supporting details. Sections are currently somewhat randomly arranged. Invictamaneo (talk) 00:16, 10 February 2022 (UTC)
This was my biggest concern with the article too. Some of the paragraphs, especially under Politics and Misinformation, recount too much of events instead of just briefly describing them linking to other articles. Julyattitude (talk) 03:20, 10 February 2022 (UTC)
"Forms and Objects of Study" Category Elaboration
I noticed the lack of examples and details in the "Social media," "Mobile applications," "Online communities," and "Video games" categories. Perhaps these could be shed more light, especially in regards to literary sources that discuss immersive and digital media influence, such as Lev Manovich's "The Language of New Media." That's sort of an arbitrary example to consider overall, not in particular to a category. Some things that I could think of incorporating into "Social media" and "Video games" include social media marketing, how consumers are influenced by ads, and how gamers influence the success and exposure of a game. Yunkazu (talk) 02:27, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
Double citation
Hi all! I'm having trouble merging two duplicate citations: [1] and [12]. I used [12] (preexisting) as a source for the image in the lead section, but it wasn't allowing me to re-use the citation. I had to create a new one [1], and I'm not sure how to merge the two. Any help would be appreciated! TechnoFem&DigitalRhet (talk) 03:52, 17 February 2022 (UTC)
Images
Hi! Not sure it makes sense to have the "deep fried" memes images. It may be beneficial to remove or replace those images since that particular section looks really cluttered!GK2000GK (talk) 17:16, 23 February 2022 (UTC)
Wiki Education assignment: Research and Practice in Wikipedia
— Assignment last updated by DarthVetter (talk) 20:18, 4 October 2022 (UTC)
Wiki Education assignment: COML 509: Social Media Engagement and Analysis
— Assignment last updated by STXL18 (talk) 13:32, 24 September 2022 (UTC)
Wiki Education assignment: Digital Writing
— Assignment last updated by Jgutierrez1 (talk) 20:31, 27 September 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
Use this URL to cite or link to this record in EThOS: http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.677794
Title: Characterisation and performance of fibre-reinforced composite restorations
Author: Al-Haddad, Ala'A.
ISNI: 0000 0004 5369 4376
Awarding Body: University of Manchester
Current Institution: University of Manchester
Date of Award: 2015
Availability of Full Text:
Access from EThOS:
Access from Institution:
Abstract:
In the modern era of metal-free minimally-invasive dentistry, there is a growing tendency toward using metal-free restorative alternatives that provide not only excellent aesthetics but also enable superior durability. Fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) is one cost-effective alternative that fulfils the requirements of aesthetics and durability, and offers favourable physico-mechanical properties. Many FRC applications are well-documented in the literature, such as crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPD); however, their clinical implementation is still limited, owing to the lack of significant knowledge about their longevity, deterioration signs, optimum design and overall performance. This in-vitro research aimed to address these uncertainties by investigating the performance of FRC restorations, and the influence of fibre reinforcement on particular physcio-mechanical properties, including surface hardness, edge-strength, shear bond strength, fatigue and wear resistance. Basic testing models were used to investigate the effect of incorporating differently-oriented FRCs on the surface hardness, edge-strength and shear bond strength of particulate-reinforced composite (PRC). The results revealed that the incorporation of FRC significantly enhanced surface hardness (by 12 - 19 %) and edge-strength (by 27 -75 %). However, this incorporation significantly reduced the shear bond strength (SBS) between PRC and other restorative materials, including lithium disilicate ceramic (10.9±3.1 MPa) and Co-Cr metal alloy (12.8±2.3 MPa), compared to the control (15.2±3.6 MPa, 15.0±3.7 MPa). The orientation of FRC was also found to affect the efficiency of reinforcement as bidirectional FRCs exhibited significantly higher hardness (76.8±1.2 VHN), edge-strength (67.7±8.2 N) and SBS (14.1±3.9 MPa) values than unidirectional FRCs (72.4±1.2 VHN, 56.8±5.9 N, 9.8±2.3 MPa).Clinically-relevant testing models, employing accelerated aging techniques, were performed to investigate the fatigue and wear behaviours of anatomically-shaped FRC restorations in-vitro. Direct inlay-retained FRC-FPDs with two framework designs, were tested for their fatigue behaviour and load-bearing capacity. Type-I design (with an additional bidirectional FRC layer incorporated perpendicular to the loading direction) yielded significantly higher fatigue resistance (1144.0±270.9 N) and load-bearing capacity (1598.6±361.8) than Type-II design (with a woven FRC embedded around the pontic core) (716.6±72.1 N, 1125.8±278.2 N, respectively). However, Type-19II design exhibited fewer delamination failures. Both framework design and dynamic fatigue were found to have a significant influence (p < 0.05) on the load-bearing capacity of FRC-FPDs. Additionally, the in-vitro fatigue and wear behaviours of FRC crowns, fabricated conventionally from bidirectional FRC and indirect PRC (Sinfony), were compared with those made of two CAD/CAM alternatives, namely Lava Zirconia (LZ) and Lava Ultimate (LU). A chewing simulator was employed to induce some fatigue wear in crowns, while an intraoral 3D scanner was used to quantify the resultant morphological changes. The results showed that FRC crowns had significantly lower mean cumulative wear (233.9±100.4 μm) than LU crowns (348.2±52.0 μm), but higher than LZ crowns (16.4±1.5 μm). The mean load bearing-capacity after fatigue simulation was also the highest for LZ crowns (1997.8±260.2 N) compared with FRC (1386.5±258.4 N) and LU crowns (756.5±290.9 N).Accordingly, the incorporation of FRC in resin-composite restorations is advocated since it increases surface hardness and marginal integrity, improves fatigue and wear behaviours, and enhances load-bearing capacity and overall performance.
Supervisor: Not available Sponsor: Not available
Qualification Name: Thesis (Ph.D.) Qualification Level: Doctoral
EThOS ID: uk.bl.ethos.677794 DOI: Not available
Keywords: Fibre-reinforced composite ; Oral scanner ; Tooth wear ; microhardness ; edge strength ; Shear bond strength ; fatigue ; load bearing capacity ; crown ; Fixed partial denture ; CAD/CAM ; digital dentistry
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Page:The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, Volume 16.djvu/171
WO accidents have happened to lessen the comforts and profits of your employment; first, that execrable custom got among ladies of trucking their old clothes for china, or turning them to cover easy chairs, or making them into patchwork for screens, stools, cushions, and the like. The second is, the invention of small chests and trunks with lock and key, wherein they keep the tea and sugar, without which it is impossible for a waitingmaid to live: for, by this means you are forced to buy brown sugar, and pour water upon the leaves, when they have lost all their spirit and taste. I cannot contrive any perfect remedy against either of these two evils. As to the former, I think there should be a general confederacy of all the servants in every family, for the publick good, to drive those china hucksters from the doors; and as to the latter, there is no other method to relieve yourselves, but by a false key, which is a point both difficult and dangerous to compass; but, as to the circumstance of honesty in procuring one, I am under no doubt, when your mistress gives you so just a provocation by refusing you an ancient and legal perquisite. The mistress of the tea shop may now and then give you half an ounce; but that will be only a drop in the bucket: therefore I fear you must be forced, like the rest of your sisters, to run in trust, and pay for it out of your wages, as far as Rh | WIKI |
Copyright © 2005-2020
Copies of this document may be made for your own use and for distribution to others, provided that you do not charge any fee for such copies and further provided that each copy contains this Copyright Notice, whether distributed in print or electronically.
Overview
This guide describes the RESTful API of the OpenWMS.org WMS Receiving Service module and its usage. Some general terms and definitions are explained and declared in the first part of the document whereas in the second part the usage of the API is shown in a more use-case-driven approach.
Resources
A description of all used API resources.
Representation Formats
Basically JSON is used as representation format by default if not otherwise requested or mentioned below. XML format is supported for the index pages as well, but must be requested explicitly. Furthermore a vendor specific JSON format is used to represent resource representations. Therefore it’s absolutely required the Accept header denotes the demanded type. Find the type in the examples below.
Dates in JSON
Date or datetime fields are not treated specially in JSON. Within the scope of this API a date or datetime field is always expected and rendered as JSON String in ISO8601 format with timezone information and milliseconds: yyyy-MM-dd’T’HH:mm:ss.SSSTZD.
Embedded Entities
For the sake of convenience some response entities may included embedded entities or even parts of it. A reference to the actual entity is provided as HAL link as well.
Error Responses
Beside the actual representation of resources, the server may result an error response in JSON format that contains basic information about the error occurred. This information is additional to the standard HTTP status code and may help clients to identify the error cause in order to re-phrase and send the request again.
Currently there are two types of errors with their own response formats.
Server Declined Errors
This kind of errors are sent by the server runtime environment even before the request had a chance to be processed.
An example response looks like this:
{
"timestamp": 1512400854941,
"status": 500,
"error": "Internal Server Error",
"exception": "org.ameba.oauth2.InvalidTokenException",
"message": "JWT expired at 2017-12-04T15:04:43Z. Current time: 2017-12-04T15:20:54Z, ...",
"path": "/v1/transport-units?bk=00000000000000004711"
}
The JSON structure contains the following fields.
Property Name Description
timestamp
When the error occurred on server side
status
The http status of the error
error
A short error text
exception
Internal class name of the Java exception type
message
A more descriptive error text describing the error in detail
path
The part of the URI for the REST resource that was queried
API Declined Errors
Those errors are thrown within the REST API validation and processing logic. For example, if a client request does not match the expected format or has produced an error on server side, the API will decline the request and return a response with status client-side error (4xx).
The structure of the response is aligned to the RFC7808. An example response looks like this:
{
"message": "LocationGroup with name [NOT_EXISTS] not found",
"messageKey": "COMMON.LOCATION_GROUP_NOT_FOUND",
"obj" : [ "NOT_EXISTS" ],
"httpStatus" : "404",
"class" : "String"
}
The JSON structure contains the following fields.
Property Name Description
message
A short error text
messageKey
An unique identifier across the API that can be used to identify and translate the error message on the client side
obj
An array of possible passed arguments to the message
httpStatus
The http status of the error
class
The arguments type
Following message keys are currently used:
Message Key Description Action
not.found
The requested resource has not been found
The resource does not exist anymore or has never existed. The resource identifier must be verified
Index
The initial HTTP request to retrieve information about all available resources looks like the following. The Index page is a public available resource and does not need any authentication.
GET /index HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
The Index resource is returned in the response body with the response status of 200-OK. This main Index lists all primary resource entities to follow next.
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/hal+json
Content-Length: 347
{
"_links" : {
"user-index" : {
"href" : "http://localhost:8080/users/index"
},
"role-index" : {
"href" : "http://localhost:8080/roles/index"
},
"grant-index" : {
"href" : "http://localhost:8080/grants/index"
},
"client-index" : {
"href" : "http://localhost:8080/api/clients/index"
}
}
}
A client application only needs to know about the agreed link names and follow the corresponding href link to navigate to further resources.
User
A User represents a human user of the system, usually in front of an UI who interacts with the system. User representations can be created, modified and retrieved. An User is also allowed to authenticate against an UAA endpoint.
Create an User
To create a new User instance a POST request must be send to the server with the mandatory fields of the User in the request body
POST /users HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 77
Host: localhost:8080
{
"links" : [ ],
"username" : "admin2",
"email" : "admin@example.com"
}
Path Type Description
username
String
The unique name of the User in the system
email
String
The email address used by the User, unique in the system
If the User has been created successfully, the server returns the URI to the created resource in the Location header:
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Location: http://localhost:8080/users/06c66b5b-c137-4473-b57c-6bb4434ac45e/
Content-Type: application/hal+json
Content-Length: 144
{
"pKey" : "06c66b5b-c137-4473-b57c-6bb4434ac45e",
"username" : "admin2",
"externalUser" : false,
"locked" : false,
"enabled" : true
}
Find an User by persistent key
A newly created User can be retrieved by following the URI in the Location header of the response. This URI points to the created resource:
GET /users/06c66b5b-c137-4473-b57c-6bb4434ac45e/ HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
If the resource exists the server responds with a 200-OK and the User representation in the response body.
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/hal+json
Content-Length: 144
{
"pKey" : "06c66b5b-c137-4473-b57c-6bb4434ac45e",
"username" : "admin2",
"externalUser" : false,
"locked" : false,
"enabled" : true
}
Get the User Details (OAuth2 UserDetails)
An endpoint exists to get the details of the current logged-in User from. An OAuth2 Access Token must be provided as Bearer token in order to access the endpoint.
GET /oauth/userinfo HTTP/1.1
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE2MDYxMjIyMzUsInVzZXJfbmFtZSI6InRlc3RlciIsImp0aSI6IjVmNjljYmQ3LWVhNTQtNDVlOC1iNGIyLTllYmM4YzAyYzk5ZiIsImNsaWVudF9pZCI6ImdhdGV3YXkiLCJzY29wZSI6WyJnYXRld2F5Il19.yQ8JdMi8x_IJ90qWqWJERTrwBp35KTIIZ1MpB4Qyekk
Host: localhost:8080
If the access token is valid and the server granted access to the resource, a JSON object with the user details is returned.
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 307
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: 0
X-Frame-Options: DENY
{
"sub" : "tester",
"gender" : "FEMALE",
"name" : "tester",
"phone_number" : "001-1234-56789",
"given_name" : "Mister Jenkins",
"family_name" : "Mister Jenkins",
"email" : "tester.tester@example.com",
"picture" : "http://localhost:8080/uaa/user/96baa849-dd19-4b19-8c5e-895d3b7f405d/image/"
}
Path Type Description
sub
String
Subject is the logged in end-user
gender
String
The end-users gender
name
String
Name of the end-user
phone_number
String
Her phone number
given_name
String
The given name
family_name
String
Her family name
email
String
Her primary email address
picture
String
A link to a profile picture
Delete an User
To finally delete all User data a DELETE request to the persistent key of the User is required:
DELETE /users/06c66b5b-c137-4473-b57c-6bb4434ac45e/ HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
If the User is not assigned somewhere else (in Roles) and it has been deleted successfully the server responds:
HTTP/1.1 204 No Content | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Upgrading the SnapManager hosts
Contributors
You can upgrade all of the existing hosts to use the latest version of SnapManager. All of the hosts are upgraded simultaneously. However, this might result in downtime of all the SnapManager hosts and the scheduled operations during that time.
1. Log in to the host system as the root user.
2. From the command-line interface (CLI), navigate to the location where you have downloaded the installation file.
3. If the file is not executable, change the permissions: chmod 544 netapp.smo*
4. Stop the SnapManager server: smo_server stop
5. Depending on the UNIX host, install SnapManager:
If the operating system is… Then run…
Solaris (SPARC64)
Solaris (x86_64)
AIX (PPC64)
Linux x86
Linux x64
6. On the Introduction page, press Enter to continue.
The following message is displayed: Existing SnapManager For Oracle Detected.
7. Press Enter.
8. At the command prompt, perform the following:
1. Press Enter to accept the default value for the operating system user.
2. Enter the correct value for the operating system group or press Enter to accept the default value.
3. Enter the correct value for the server startup type or press Enter to accept the default value.
The configuration summary is displayed.
9. Press Enter to continue.
The following message is displayed: Uninstall of Existing SnapManager For Oracle has started.
The uninstallation is completed and the latest version of SnapManager is installed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Patelmahs/Evaluate an Article
Which article are you evaluating?
Natural history
Why you have chosen this article to evaluate?
I chose this article because it has to do with science. It matters because even though its not directly related to climate change, it is still an important part of science and how science came to be. My preliminary impression was that it was detailed and gave a lot of good info.
Evaluate the article
The lead includes an introductory paragraph that is concise and introduces the topic very well. The content is well organized and includes a lot of information from different time periods. The articles content is also directly related to the topic of the article. With tone and balance, the article is completely neutral and does not include any bias. The article consists of facts and no opinions. The references and links do check out and all references were cited. the article is clear, concise and easy to read. I did not find any grammatical or spelling errors in this article and its well written and broken down into good sections. the article does include good images and they are well captioned and fit into the article very well. Overall, i think this article is very well planned, written, and executed | WIKI |
17
This is related to this question: Joining multiple tables results in duplicate rows
I have two tables that I am joining. They share a key. The person table has one name per primary key but the email table has multiple emails per personId. I want to only show the first email per person. Presently I get multiple rows per person because they have multiple emails. I am running SQL-Server 2005.
EDIT: This is T-SQL. First email is literally the first email row per person.
Edit 2: First email as I see it would be the first email row that shows up in the join as SQL works through the query. I does not matter which email shows up. Only that no more than one email shows up. I hope that makes it clearer.
Table1: Person
Table2: Email
Select Person.PersonName, Email.Email
From person
left join on Person.ID=Email.PersonId;
6
• 3
What do you mean by "first" email? What sort criteria determines "first"?
– Queue Mann
Commented Jun 11, 2015 at 16:33
• 1
did you try top 1?
– Racer SQL
Commented Jun 11, 2015 at 16:33
• 3
Which DBMS are you using? Postgres? Oracle?
– user1822
Commented Jun 11, 2015 at 17:15
• 3
The "the first email row per person" does not really tell us anything. "First" by what criteria? SQL tables have no inherent order. Commented Jun 11, 2015 at 18:29
• 7
Well, that's one valid criterion: "I don't care which row, just one". Commented Jun 11, 2015 at 19:33
4 Answers 4
24
SELECT
A.PersonName, A.Email
FROM
(
Select Person.PersonName, Email.Email
,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY Person.ID ORDER BY Email.Email) AS RN
From person
left join Email on Person.ID=Email.PersonId
) A
WHERE A.RN = 1
6
• 1
What is the 'A'? Is it an abbreviation of the table name? Commented Jun 11, 2015 at 19:18
• 2
@normandantzig That's an alias.
– Bacon Bits
Commented Jun 11, 2015 at 19:28
• 1
1. ) Did you alias both of my tables using the From (Select Person.PersonName, Email.Email ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY Person.ID ORDER BY Email.Email) AS RN From person left join on Person.ID=Email.PersonId) A And 2. ) so that you could refer to both columns using A as the table? Commented Jun 11, 2015 at 19:32
• 4
What is inside the parenthesis is called a derived table. It's a valid table, just as base tables but it's lifetime is only for the duration of the query execution. It must have a name (or alias) and @sabin chose to name it A. This table has 3 columns (PersonName, Email, RN) and outside of the parentheses, you can use A.Email just as you can use tablename.columnname for every other table in your code. Commented Jun 11, 2015 at 19:36
• Care to explain your answer? Commented Sep 29, 2023 at 13:03
15
I would use an outer apply for this, I find it more readable.
Select Person.PersonName, coalesce(Email.Email,'No email found.') as Email
From person
outer apply (
select top(1) Email.Email
from Email
where Person.ID=Email.PersonId
order by <whatever suits you>
) as Email;
5
select
P.PersonID,
(SELECT TOP 1 E.Email FROM Email E WHERE E.PersonID = P.PersonID ORDER BY <pick your column here>)
from
Person P
3
• 1
What is the 'P'. Is it an abbreviation of the table name? Commented Jun 11, 2015 at 19:18
• 1
'P' is an alias for Person. It follows the table declaration in the FROM clause.
– Queue Mann
Commented Jun 11, 2015 at 19:19
• 1
@normandantzig Both are valid in SQL Server in most situations.
– Bacon Bits
Commented Jun 11, 2015 at 19:30
5
As it does not matter which email shows up. I think that the following one is very direct.
Select Person.PersonName, MIN(Email.Email)
From person
left join email
on Person.ID=Email.PersonId
group by Person.Id, Person.PersonName
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Appendix:Glossary of Scottish slang and jargon
This is a glossary of Scots, Scots English dialect and jargon with their meanings and, where appropriate, an example of their use. It's worth noting that Scotland has 3 languages (English/Scots/Scottish Gaelic) and a collection of different dialects.
A
* Ae - To agree with someone, or often used at the end of a question (“He’s coming wi’ us, ae?”)
* Ah - I.
* a' - all.
* a'body / aabody / abidy - everybody.
* aboot - about.
* aff - off ("Ye're aff yer heid!")
* Ah ken - I know.
* Ah wisna(e) - I was not.
* Ah wiz like - I said. (So the boss says tae me that Ah was lazy, an' Ah wiz like, "Naw, Ah am'nae!")
* Ah'm ur - I am.
* Ah'm urny / Ah'm no - I am not.
* an' aw - as well.
* and but - suffix indicating that the speaker has now finished talking. ("We went doon tae Largs for fish an' chips, and but.")
* Anno - I know.
* auld - old (as in "auld yin").
* awfy - awfully or very
* Awa n bile yer heid - go and boil your head, go away ("Yer gettin a bit pudge in yer auld age" "Awa n bile yer heid, Mark.")
* aye - yes
B
* baccy - tobacco ("Can you lend me some baccy?")
* baffies - slippers.
* bahoochie / behouchie - buttocks.
* bairn - baby (jist a wee bairn!) or small child (Eastern Scottish dialect).
* baltic - freezing cold ("Christ man, put the heating oan, it's baltic in here!").
* bam - a fool or simpleton (from acronym BAM i.e. "below-average mentality")
* bampot - an idiot, unhinged person.
* banana boat - used in an expression of disbelief when told a tall story or blatant untruth ("Dae ye think Ah came up the Clyde on a banana boat(?)")
* banger - a firework. ("Away you 'n' chew mah banger(!)")
* Barkit - dirty/unclean. ("Oaft, ma shirt is pure barkit")
* barra - a small child. Also, an affectionate term for a younger person (A wee barra.)
* Barras - a market, started by Margaret McIver, joined for the initial use of wheel barrows/"barras" to sell things from, at the Barrowland in the east end of Glasgow.
* barry - excellent / fantastic ("That's pure barry!")
* bastart - bastard. Also, rarely, a peculiar term of endearment ("Awright Ted, ya wee bastart.")
* batter - to beat up ("I'll batter ye! 'mon then, ya dick!")
* bawbag - scrotum, pejorative ("That guy's a bawbag.")
* bawhair - a unit of measurement denoted by the thickness of a pubic hair.
* bawheid - ballhead, bald, empty-headed, stupid ("Oi, you, ya bawheid!")
* baws - testicles.
* bawsack - scrotum (ballsack in English.)
* beast - to engage in sexual intercourse, particularly in an illicit context; to sexually assault ("Word's been going around that the priest's been beasting weans.")
* belter - to be excellent, great, fantastic.
* ben - down or through, or a mountain.
* besom - an uncomplimentary term usually aimed at a woman or young girl, much milder than the c-word or bitch but still insulting ("She's a cheeky wee besom.").
* bevvy - alcoholic beverage ("Ye havin' a bevvy the nite?")
* bez - beer.
* bide - stay/live.
* Big Yin - Big One, used as a term of endearment towards older relatives or friends. Also, the affectionate nickname for Scottish comedian Billy Connolly.
* birl/burl - spin.
* bit - a place; usually referring to somebody's house ("Meet me at ma bit." "Ah'll come round tae your bit." "Am stayin' o'er at my da's bit the night.")
* bits - boots, steel-capped or rigger, worn on construction sites ("You'll hae te wear ya bits on site")
* bizzo - business (from an episode of TV series "Minder".)
* blootered - very drunk.
* bobby - police
* boak - dry heave/expression of disgust ("Pure gie'in' me the boak!")
* bob - a shilling, or 12 old pennies pre-decimilisation; 5 new pence.
* bobee, bawbee - one half-penny in auld money.
* boggin' - smelly, dirty ("That's boggin'!")
* bolt - go away ("Wanty bolt!")
* bonnie - handsome, pretty, beautiful.(Come follow the bonnet of Bonnie Dundee)
* boot - slatternly or ugly woman.
* bosie - cuddle.
* bowfin' - sick-making.
* The box - television set ("Whit's oan the box the night?")
* brae - a hill.
* brammer - term of endearment ("Aw, he's a wee brammer, so he is.")
* brand new - really good, can be used to refer to a person. ("See him? Aye he's brand new")
* braw - good looking, beautiful; really nice.
* breeks - trousers.
* brief - car.
* broon - brown.
* Bucky - short for "Buckfast", a tonic wine popular in the West of Scotland.
* buits - boots.
* bunker - table top / kitchen counter ("Make sure yeez clean aw along the bunker when yer finished!")
* burd - Girlfriend, or girls in general (huv ye seen the state ae thae burds!)
* burn - small river or stream ("Let's awa' up that burn.")
* but - conjunction sometimes used to end sentences, commonly in Inverclyde ("Ahm naw gaun, but!")
C
* cannae - can not.
* canny - smart ("He's a canny lad.") or to be wary, or careful ("Ca' canny, lassie!")
* chankin - cold ("It's chankin' the day!")
* chebs - tits.
* chib - to stab with a knife, or to headbutt.
* chief - alternative for 'mate', 'dude', 'fella', 'big yin'. ("Awrite chief, wur ye aff tae the night?")
* choochter - see teuchter.
* chookie - bird.
* choon - song (from "tune")
* chug - to masturbate ("He was having a chug on the bus.")
* chum - to accompany someone ("Goan chum me to the shop.")
* claes - clothes.
* clart - to apply too much of something.
* clarted - covered in (mud).
* clarty / clatty - dirty ("He picked his nose and ate it, the clarty bastard!")
* class - Something that is really good ("That's pure class min!")
* cauld - cold ("It's awfy cauld in here.")
* close - an alleyway or passage at the rear of houses. The passageway leading into a tenement building. Humid weather.
* cludgie - toilet, or lavatory, originally outdoors. ("Ah'm oan the cludgie!")
* clype - a tell-tale, a grass. Also, to hit someone or something.
* coarse / coorse - to bully or torment, or to be bad. To handle in a rough fashion.
* cooncil juice / cooncil pop - tap water
* coupon - face. ("Some coupon on him, eh?")
* cowk - to heave or throw up.
* cowp - to knock over. Also, a skip or landfill.
* craic (crack) - chat ("What's the craic?")
* cripple- to make someone fall over or do something clumsy ("Did you see me cripple Andrew yesterday?")
* crivens - an exclamation. (See also "Jings, crivens, and help mah boab!")
* cuddy - horse.
* cummoan - let's go, please talk sense (vamos,. sp)
* cundie - drain.
* cuttin' - hanging out in a directionless manner. Not necessarily standing still. ("I've been cuttin' aboot the toon aa day!")
D
* da - father. (Yer da sells Avon)
* dafty - silly, foolish person.
* dancin' - discotheque, nightclub (Ur ye gaun tae the dancin' the night?)
* dangleberry - small piece of stool hanging from the hair around the bum hole.
* dander/daunder/daunner - a walk ("Comin' fur a wee daunner doon yonder?")
* deh - don't (deh dae that.)
* deid - very; usually used with "pure" in front to describe something (That's pure deid brilliant!!!) or if someone has died (" The big yin is deid")
* di - word used for grandad
* diddy - did he? Also means an idiot ("Diddy go tae school?" "Wait! Ye left yur keys, ya diddy!")
* didnae - didn't ("Ah didnae dae that!")
* dingy - to ignore, abandon ("He's dingied us.")
* dinnae - don't ("Dinnae dae that!")
* dircht - to wipe or clean ("Dinnae dircht ya grunzy on yer heshin!")
* diteit - stupid.
* div - idiot.
* dobber - a fool/stupid person. Also means "dickhead" ("Whit ye daein', ya dobber?!")
* Dodo Manson - needing a poop.
* doggin' - Having sexual intercourse in the back of a car, usually with spectators ("Oh my God. They were doggin'!"). Also, skipping school ("I couldn't be bothered so ended up just doggin' it.")
* dolton - an idiot.
* doo - a pigeon.
* doon - down. ("Turn that doon! Wiv got a fuckin' can thief! TURN THAT DOON!")
* doonhamer - Someone from Dumfries. Got its name from towns more North than Dumfries because people from Dumfries would say, "Ah'm gaun doon hame."
* Doric - Scots dialect spoken in the North East.
* dowp - backside, bottom.
* dreich - damp, overcast, wet.
* drookit - soaking wet, drenched.
* dug - a dog.
* dunderheid - an idiot, a fool.
* dunno / dinnae ken - I don't know.
* dunt - nudge.
E
* Eccie/Eccies - Ecstasy (the drugs).
* Edina / Embra - Edinburgh.
* eejit - idiot.
* een - eyes.
* eh - what? Or, can also mean 'yes' and 'me' and 'eye'.
* empty - the residents who live in the house are not present and people take advantage by having a party in the "empty" house. ("Ma granny's got an empty, 'moan up fur a swallae."). Normally teenagers having a party in their own house when parents are away involves drinking, which they would not be able to do with their friends if parents were around.
* erse - arse (doric)
F
* fae - from ("Far aboots you fae?")
* fag - a cigarette.
* fandan - (short for "Fancy Dan") an overconfident, fandango, pretentious idiot ("That guy's a pure fandan, by the way.")
* fanny - idiot, vagina, pejorative ("He's a wee fanny.")
* fannybaws - a term of ridicule, in some cases of endearment ("Ho, here fannybaws, geis a chip.")
* fash - fuss, worry ("Dinnae fash yersel'.")
* feart - to be scared, afeared (Ah'm feart o' the dark.")
* feck - fuck, ("In the name of feck, ser.")
* fer / fir / fur - for.
* fitba' - football.
* fit like? - how are you? (Dorric)
* fir wye? - why?
* flamer - a homosexual, from flaming homosexual.
* flap - to become overly upset or worked up about something, beyond what others see as necessary (" Dinnae flap! We'll find yer wellies!")
* fleg - fright, flag reference to over-exuberant British nationalism ("He's a dirty Flegger.")
* flit - move house.
* foond / fund/fin - found.
* footer - to twiddle and mess about with something (courtesy of Mrs A. A Munro).
* forrit - forward.
* fu' - full (of alcohol), drunk.
* fud - vagina (Ah booted her right in the fud, man!) usually used as a derogatory term ("What fud publishes on Wikipedia?"). The tail of a rabbit.
* funt - slightly less offensive merging of fuck and cunt, which you can say in front of older relatives and get away with. ("That funt pushed in front of me in the chip shop.")
* fuck up - shut up.
* fuck all - nothing
G
* gadge / gadgie - East coast term for a bloke (That gadge is mental.)
* gads - exclamation of disgust. Used in the South West (predominantly Ayrshire and North of Aberdeen.)
* gaff - house, or a house party (she's havin' a gaff the night.).
* gallus - gallous, bold, cheeky, or flashy.
* gammie - an injured body part (Cannae play, Ah've got a gammie leg.)
* gan - go.
* gaun yersel' - congratulations.
* gaun - going (Ah'm gaun hame), or, go on and (gaun shut the fuck up.)
* gantin' / gaggin' fer it - begging for (See her, she's pure gantin' fer sex.)
* gash - vagina, or poor (Hibs are gash at football.)
* gie's / geez - give me - (geez it.)
* geggy - mouth - (Shut yer geggy.)
* geks - glasses.
* gem - game/up for (Pronounced by properly enunciating the G ((Hard G)), unlike the term Gem meaning jewel)
* gey - very
* ginger - pop/fizzy drink/soda (typically referring to Irn-Bru.)
* gingin' (pronounced "ging-in") - disgusting (He wis spewin' his guts up (being sick), it was heavy gingin'!)
* glaikit - stupid looking (get that glakit look aff yer fizzog.)
* Glesgae - Glasgow, if not a local (typically East coast Scots) "Glesga" is more often used by West coast Scots.
* goat - got (Ah goat it right!)
* gonnae no dae that - please don't do that!
* gobble - blowjob, or to eat as if starving.
* gob - mouth (shut yer gob), or spit.
* gowpin' / lowpin' - sore body part/infested with lice - (My knee is gowpin'.) - (Her heid was pure lowpin'.)
* goon - idiot (You're a pure goon, man!)
* graftin' - to like someone (“are you graftin' Ben?”)
* grannied - didn't score a single point (I was grannied at pool tonight.)
* granda - grandfather.
* greet - to cry.
* groond / grund - ground.
* grunzy - your nose.
* gutties - rubber soled sand shoes or gym shoes, from Gutta-percha, the tree from which latex and rubber are derived.
* gunt - Hibs fan, portmanteau of Easter Road and Cunt.
H
* hackit - ugly.
* hame - home (am away hame.)
* Harry hoofter- rhyming slang for "poofter" a derogatory term for a homosexual man.
* hauf - half; a measure of whisky.
* hauf 'n' a hauf - a measure of whisky and a half pint of beer
* haver - silly talk, nonsense/gibberish (stap yer haverin'.)
* havnae - have not.
* haun - hand (watch ma haun.)
* haud / hud - hold, stop "wanty haud that?", "haud the bus" (stop right there.)
* haud yer wheesht - stop talking.
* haw - a quick saying to get someones attention, quicker than saying "hello". (Haw, stop ya bawbag!)
* heavy - used to emphasise, "heavy shite" = awful.
* hemmin - term to get someones attention, equivalent "excuse me sir" (Hemmin, fit like the day?)
* hen - term of endearment for a woman, equivalent to "love" or "darling" (How ye daein' the day, hen?)
* heid - head (Ah've got a sair heid.)
* hee haw - nothing/empty.
* heid-the-baw - an idiot.
* heshin / heshun - your sleeves.
* heavin' (hee-vin) - very busy (This pub is heavin', ye cannae get movin'.)
* hingway - thing. Often used interchangeably with any noun (Gee tha hingway back)
* hirplin - to walk with a limp. (She hirpled across to answer the door.)
* hoachin' - full.
* hochmagandy - fornication, sex.
* Hogmanay - New Year's Eve (Happy Hogmanay!)
* hole - sex/vagina (She's gettin' her hole the night fer definite.)
* honkin' - smelly/dirty (Your breath is honkin' by the way.)
* hoore - whore.
* hoora - slang term for "very" (That Buckfast was hoora good.)
* Hoarse - a horse (“get aff ur high hoarse”)
* hoose - house.
* hoot - what (Hoot are you talkin' aboot?)
* howfin' / howlin'/ hummin' - smelly.
* how? - why?
* how no'? - why not?
* howzitgoan - greetings (Howzitgoan pal? Huvnae seen ye in ages.)
* huddy - idiot, stupid, lame brain.
I
* Inna -As well (Are you gan ti the boozer inna?)
* Isna(e) - Is not
* Int it/Int it no? - Isn't it? (This place is brilliant, int it no?)
J
* jag/jab - injection/punch
* jaggies - stinging nettles. (Mind the jaggies dinnae git ya!)
* jaked - being in a state of drunkenness (I was jaked last night)
* jake(y) - a person who is addicted to class A drugs or alcohol, and lives a poor quality of life as consequence / A down-and-out, a tramp.
* Jambo - a supporter of Heart of Midlothian F.C., from Jam Tarts, as rhyming slang for Hearts.
* jamp - past tense of jump (used mostly in the Highlands, especially the Black Isle).
* janny - janitor.
* jessie/jessy - wimp/big girl's blouse/effeminate or cowardly man (he's a big jessie)
* Jim Delahunt - sports pundit and former presenter of Scotsport, rhyming slang for "cunt", female genitalia
* Jings! - Wow!
* Jings, crivens, and help mah boab! - expression of surprise or admiration, from the internationally famous comics "Oor Wullie" and "The Broons" by Scottish publisher D.C. Thompson
* jobby - poo; plural form "jobbies"
* jobby catchers - tracksuit bottoms
* jobby jabber - a gay man (derogatory slur)
* jump in - children usually ask an adult to go into a shop and buy them (children, under 18) alcohol, term is commonly used in Ayrshire (Ask him for a jump in)
K
* kelpie - a mythical water creature resembling a horse. Also a set of twin sculptures called "The Kelpies".
* ken - to know
* kip - a nap
* knob - slang for penis, in particular knob-end; an irritating or contemptible person (Whit a knob man!)
* knapdarloch - a piece of faeces hanging from an animal's fur
* kimon - slang for cunt
* kip - sleep/nap (If yur tired, try fur a kip." "am away fir a kip man, shattered)
* kippy - left (He's kippy-handed.)
* kirk - church (I can't get pished? Is this some kind of kurk?)
* Keech - Scottish for faeces. Can be used in a sentence for someone who you think is talking rubbish or nonsense (Listen ya bam awa an' stop talkin keech.)
* Keek - to peep or look
* ket - An alternate term for Ketamine
L
* laddie - A boy or young man (Aye, laddie!)
* laldy - Attitude/Effort of great volume (ah gave it Laldy!)
* lamped - To be struck soundly with a fist (eg. Boab wiz gettin' on ma tits, so I lamped him)
* lassie - A girl or young woman
* lavvy - A lavatory (toilet) (Am gaun' tae the lavvy.)
* lecky - electricity - often used in reference to bills (she didn't pay her lecky this month)
* lifted - to be arrested by the police. (e.g. He wiz totally pished an' the polis lifted him)
* lip - cheek (Ony mair o' yer lip an ah’ll skelp yer dowp)
* Li'ah' - like that (An' ah wis li'ah')
* loaby - hallway, lobby, passageway
* loon - boy (Aberdeen dialect), idiot (elsewhere)
* loupin - very sore/infested with lice (My heid is loupin.) also means smelly.
* loused - Finished, tired or shattered (I'm loused)
* lugs - ears
M
* Mare's meat - A vigorous and forward act (He's in there like a marr's meat)
* Ma Kelly-Ann - term for the Mrs, me and Kelly-Ann did this, my Kelly-Ann said that, me and Kelly Ann had a good pumpin' last night etc etc.
* mad wae it (MWI) - comprehensively drunk
* magic - great/excellent (That's pure magic)
* mair - more
* maist - most
* malkied - (from Malky Fraser - Glaswegian rhyming slang for "razor") Initially to have been hit hard, or chibbed... blootered/drunk/wrecked (Heavy malkied last night, pal)
* maw - mum (Aye yer maw)
* mauchit/manky - very dirty (Your trousers are mauchit!! Ya manky bastard!)
* meltit/melted - to be off one's face, usually on drugs - (Ah was pure melted man!)
* mense - Great or other words, a shorter form of "immense"
* messages - shopping (Maw sent me fur messages last night)
* mental - Insane, wild (that party last night was pure mental.)
* mibay/mibbe - maybe.
* midden - Outdoors rubbish pile, tip "this room's a midden!"
* min/mannie - mate (aw'right, min?), or any adult male (That's the mannie I wis thinkin' of.)
* mince - rubbish/nonsense - (Dinnae talk mince)
* minger - A dirty/smelly/horrible person or ugly person
* mingin - horrible/dirty (Your bathroom is mingin, this drink tastes mingin)
* mink - an unhygienic person (You wee mink.)
* minted - rich/wealthy (Look at his motor, he must be minted.)
* minter - pejorative for an unattractive female ("She's a minter")
* Mokit - dirty
* Mon then - A challenge to fight (Fuckin' mon' then ya wee dick)
* the morn - tomorrow
* the morn's morn - tomorrow morning
* motor - a car (originates from "motor car") "his motor's pure minted man!", "jump in my motor, I'll gie ye a lift hame".
* muckle - large (I caught this muckle fish doon the burn the ither day).
* munter - ugly person (That lassy you were winchin' last night was a proper munter.)
N
* naebidy / nae cunt - no one
* nae danger - no chance / no way / no bother
* knackered - tired/exhausted
* napper - head
* Nat King - another word for intercourse getting your hole (from nat king cole)
* Nat King Cole - intercourse, commonly nat king cole, hole (rhyming slang)
* naw - no
* naw he didnae - No he didn't. Some credit Scottish TV sitcom Still Game as the origin of this expression, but it's a lot older than Still Game has been on TV.
* ned - backronym for 'non-educated delinquent', hooligan, troublemaker. Derived from Edward, as in Teddy Boys.
* neebur- Neighbour
* nip - kiss (gonae give us a nip) or a single measure of an alcoholic spirit, often whisky (geez a nip wi' that pint will ye darlin' )
* neeps - Turnips (neeps an' tatties)
* nippin - stinging
* nippy - curt or sharp-tongued person; spicy or peppery food
* noggin - head
* nugget - a less than valuable lump of matter, may be something hanging off your shoe or your backside, may be a person (Who's that nugget?)
* numpty - an endearing term/lovable idiot. Shows friendly banter (Och, Jonathan! You're a right numpty)
* nut - head, or another term used for the word 'not'
O
* Och awa' an' dinna talk pish - You're talking a load of rubbish
* oan yer bike - go away
* oan yer trolley - go away
* Onit - term used when drinking alcoholic beverages
* Onybody or A'body - Anybody
* oose - dust ball, dust bunnie, cobweb
* oot - out
* ory or orey or oary - Vulgar, common, lacking in social graces. Perhaps from "ore" i.e. unrefined material. Word may be peculiar to Dundee.
* outwith Outside or beyond (he lives outwith the catchment area for the school. That is outwith the remit of the report.)
* oot yer nut - really drunk (mate, get hame yer oot yer nut.), off your head.
* oxters - armpits
P
* Pal aboot wi - spend time with someone (she pals aboot wi eric and that)
* Pan - break or disfigure (pan the windaes in) Also a name for the toilet.
* Para - paranoid.
* Patter - Banter (yer patter's sweet pal)
* Panbread - dead
* Pap - a breast
* Paps - plural form for breast
* Papa - grandfather
* Park - field
* Patch - to ignore someone, stand them up, or not respond to their texts, calls etc. ("he's pure bin patchin me aw week")
* Pedro - Amazing (Aww sur, that is Pedro)
* Peebrusht - rectum (from an episode of Minder) Surely derived from 'Pibroch' for pipe?
* Peedie - small (yer nae haf peedie ya ken)
* Peely wally - looking pale and unwell
* Pie - a Scottish version of a chav, also used as a general derogatory word ("Yer a pie")
* Piece - a sandwich (A had a cheese an' tomata piece this efternoon)
* Pimps - easy (That exam was pure pimps)
* Pish - piss. Often used to mean "bad"
* Pished - drunk
* Pizza Crunch - a pizza deep-fried in batter. Popular delicacy.
* Plastered - drunk
* Poke - a paper bag, or to prod someone with your finger
* Polis - the police
* Poon/Poond/Poonds - Pound/Pounds (either coins or weight)
* Pooched - broken, fucked, useless. (I pooched my bird up the closie last night) used in anger or expression, mainly used by people from Angus or Fife
* Poptae - An alternative for knob goblin
* Puckle - a few of something (not necessarily 2)
* Pucklie - a small amount
* Puddock - a frog
* Pumped - sex
* Punny eccy (or simply "punny") - punishment exercises at school
* Pure - very, totally (she's pure no right.) used to emphasise something.
* Plab - The name for a large soft and watery pile of faeces probably most akin to cattle dung.
Q
* quality - great/excellent (That film was quality.)
* quine or quinie - girl, young woman, (Aberdeen dialect)
R
* radge - Crazy, angry (he went totally radge)
* rat-arsed - Drunk (Lets get rat-arsed!)
* rank - disgusting
* Rebrov - Man of stature (that guy is pure Rebrov man)
* reekbeek - horrible, disgusting (That lassie is pure reekbeek)
* reid/reed - Red
* Reprobate - Unprincipled person, (Shut it, ya reprobate)
* roamin - Taking a walk (gone on the piss, no told the mrs an got lost)
* roaster - Someone who is making a complete cunt of themselves (Here, did ye see that roaster oan the X-Factor the other night?)
* rocket - a crazy or annoying person. General insult. ("bolt ya rocket")
* raging - Extremely angry; in a rage (you're pure raging, mate)
S
* Salt 'n' Sauce - what Edinburgh people put on their chips.
* Sannies - a pair of shoes, typically for sports. (sandshoe)
* sassenach - often used for an English person, Southerner, but more accurately it is someone born below the Highland Line.
* scaffies - bin men. Scavengers
* scheme - residential area, usually a council estate
* schule - school (pronounced "skull") (Ye no gaun' tae the schule the day?)
* scooby - clue, (no clue) From the 1970s American cartoon series "Scooby Doo" involving student detectives and a gormless Great Dane.
* scoobie - This spelling meaning is used instead of Subaru (Have ye seen Mikes new scoobie?)As above.
* score - Twenty pounds (currency)
* scanty - to pull doon some cunt's troosers
* scramble - Scottish tradition at weddings where the groom throws small change out of the wedding car for local children to pick up.
* scran - food
* script - Plan, idea (What's the script?)
* scunnered - bored, fed up, exhausted
* scunner - one who pisses ye aff, also used when hurt yourself (oh ye scunner that hurt)
* session / sesh - a night out drinking (Me and the boys had a hoora session the other night) - This is also a term used in some parts of England and Northern Ireland.
* shan - a shame (that's shan as fuck, shan times) From Cant
* Shereen Nanjiani - a former newsreader and also rhyming slang for fanny, female genitalia (Ah booted her right in the Shereen Nanjiani).
* shin - shoes. Germanic, schoen
* shite - faeces.
* shitebag - a coward, someone who refuses a dare. ("You no gauny jump aff that bridge? Ahahah shitebag")
* shneeb - smoke.
* simmer - Calm down (That kant needs to simmer before he gets leathered)
* sink the link - engage in intercourse (Jim was sinkin' the link last night.) Link sausages as metaphor for male member.
* skelp - to smack or hit someone/thing (He telt me tae get ma tits oot so I skelped him) (I skelped ma heed oaf the heedboard)
* skelf - splinter (a just goat a skelf aff that piece o wood)
* skiddies - gentleman's undergarments with traces of last night's dinner
* skud - naked (Did ye see Jimmy? He was in the skud!)
* skyrocket - a particularly crazy person ("he's aff his nut, pure skyrocket man")
* sleekit - sly or untrustworthy (I widnae buy a car frae that sleekit bastard!)
* slitter - To dribble whilst eating (You better no slitter soup aw doon yer new jumper.)
* smash - lots of change (coins)
* solid - hard, tough (I wouldnae say nowt tae him man, he's solid)
* sook - big softie (ya wee sook)
* snashters - sweets or goodies to eat.
* sneck/snecky, also shneck/shnecky (from the Gaelic Sneagaidh) - Inverness.
* snout - cigarette (example, "after this drink, you up for a snout?" "aye mate")
* sound - nice, cool or has a tendency to keep secrets well. Usually used in teens and preteens. ‘You’re proper sound, mate.’
* speccy - used to describe someone who wears glasses. ("Scuse me, mate! Is it true Glasgow's full of speccy bams?")
* spondoolyitis - a medical condition for talking shit
* spondoolies - money (as in, "Ye gaun tae the gemme the night?" "Naw." "Naw? How no'?" "Nae spondoolies")
* squint - not straight
* Squinty Bridge - colloquial name for a bridge in Glasgow between Finnieston and Govan, officially named the Clyde Arc so named as it is on a diagonal
* square go - a fair fight, one to one fight
* stay - live, as in to live in a geographical location.
* steamin - drunk
* Stoater - a beauty, the best of type
* stoor - dust. (Look at aw that stoor on the telly.)
* stovies - a Scottish delicacy usually made from stewed potatoes, fat, onions, meat and occasionally gravy.
* sup - small amount of liquid
* swally - to swallow, also means alcohol (Dae ye fancy gon fur a wee swally doon the pub?)
* swatch - Look (Gae us a swatch o yur fanny)
* swadge, swadging - To sit at a table, after eating, waiting for your 'second wind' so you can eat more (Nae more fir me, A'hm swadging)
* sweltering - roasting / boiling / very warm (it's absolutely sweltering today)
* swick - cheat
T
* tad - tiny bit (it's a tad small)
* tadger - yet another word for the male member (Next thing we knew, he'd whipped oot his tadger.)
* tae - to or, too (Going tae the game/ aye, and Stevie's coming tae)
* tait - a small amount of something (I'll only take a wee tait salt oan ma chips, no too much.)
* tak - to take
* talking oot yer fanny flaps - lying
* tam o'shanter - old term for a wooly hat, still heard sometimes, from the Rabbie Burns poem "Tam O'Shanter"
* tan - smash windows (I'm gonny tan yer windaes), or also a drink (Gonnae gies a tan ae yur juice?)
* tanned - to drink/drunk (I tant ten pints last night!) to vandalise (That hoose is gettin tanned)
* tap - to borrow money from someone (Can ah tap a tenner aff ye?)
* taps aff - (tops off) Sunbathing weather. In reality, any day when it isn't raining, particularly if the climate is suitable for outdoor Buckfast drinking.
* tassie - cup (especially one for whisky)
* tatties - potatoes
* tekul - good
* techt - tight, broke, as in no money
* teuchter - someone that lives in the countryside, especially from the Highlands or Isles of Scotland
* that's a sin - what a shame
* toalie - jobby, shite, turd, crap, keech
* toaty - small/tiny
* toonser - someone from the city
* tube - an idiot/fool
* Turkish - a faeces (Gies the paper, ah'm away fur a turkish) from rhyming slang: 'Turkish Delight' - Shite
* twa - two
* twally - A person of lesser intellect
* Toorie - The purple head of the Spear Thistle (Scotland's national flower/emblem). This is also what the Highlanders call a penis.
* Tadger - Scottish name for a penis or can be used as a name for someone who behaves in an annoying manner (Get oot ma face ya tadger.)
* Troosers - trousers.
W
* wabbit - tired (I'm feeling awfy wabbit).
* wallap (pronounced "wa-lup") - to hit someone/something (Am gonnae wallap ye wan!) Can also mean to bang a body part (Ah pure wallaped ma heid aff that table!)
* wallaper (pronounced "wa-la-pur") - an insult, meaning idiot/moron/dick (He's a pure wallaper.) // Large (tha's ah wallaper ye goat there!)
* wan / ane - one (number or referring to an object person) "Wan table please." "Wit wan de ye want?" "Geez ane."
* wan - won (I wan the race.) Or referring to having 'one' (I'm having 'wan' of them days).
* wank - to masturbate or short for wanker (he's a wank)
* warmer - (pronounced "wahrmehr") another name for a fool, idiot.
* weapon - General insult. An annoying, disliked or foolish person. (he's a fuckin' weapon)
* wean - (pronounced "Wayne") the youngest of the family, sometimes the youngest sibling. Truncation of "wee ane" or little one. (give that to the wean!).
* wee - small
* wee yin- a person shorter or younger than you
* wee barra - Literally "Small fair haired child". Used as a term of endearment (generally boys)
* weegie - someone from Glasgow; from "Glaswegian"
* well - very "This band's well good." "Bed's well comfy."
* wench - A woman/female/girlfriend/wife. Derogatory term.
* We're a' Jock Tamson's bairns - we're all the same, we're all God's children.
* wha(e) - who
* wheesht - be quiet (haud yer wheesht)
* Whit - It means the same as 'what'.
* whit like? / Fit like? - How are you?
* Whitey - Throw up/be sick, usually from drinking too much alcohol (Am gonnae whitey)
* wifey - woman (usually referring to an older woman)
* winch - to French kiss someone (geez a winch.)
* Windae - Window.
* wit - what
* wur - our as in We took wur taps aff (took our tops off)
* wull - will
* winna/winnae/wouldnae - Will not / Would not. ("Wanna jump aff 'is roof lad?" "No, I winna dee at! Fuck yerself min!")
Y
* yaks - eyes/ mouth
* yaldi - an expression of deep joy
* ye - all you / you
* yeez - you / you'se
* yellae - yellow
* yer - your
* yer maw - your mother
* yer da - your father (yer da sells avon)
* yin - one (the number, or referring to a person or object) "The big yin is oan his way." "Ye want the big yin aff the shelf?" "yin ir twa")
* yocker - a large, but still throwable, stone.
* yonks - years, a long time ago. (A havnae been there for yonks.)
* yuptae - What are you up to? (yuptae th' night ya bawbag?)
Z
* zany - outstanding/crazy | WIKI |
Dat boi, explained
The internet has produced many strange fads throughout the years, from cats getting scared of cucumbers to the weirdly unsettling Lenny Face. But none of these memes have anything on the latest internet phenomenon — one that's literally described as a frog riding a unicycle. Here come dat boi. (O shit waddup!) At first glance, this seemingly inscrutable frog may not seem like it stands for much of anything. But you shouldn't underestimate dat boi1. For reasons beyond human comprehension, this frog can produce some hilarious images — the lifeblood of a good meme. Take, for instance, this crossover between The Lord of the Rings, an overly long fantasy series, with dat boi2, who can give joy to anyone in two or three sentences: Or perhaps this image from Know Your Meme, showing dat boi3, tired of land travel, taking his cycling talents to space: And for Bernie Sanders supporters, dat boi4 can also promote political messages: Essentially, dat boi5 is funny because he's random. For one, it's a frog riding a unicycle. He's also called a "boi," which he is clearly not, but he can pull off the name because he just looks so damn calm and confident on that unicycle. And to top it off, everyone seems really excited to see him ("o shit waddup!"), even though there's no reason to be that excited for a silly frog. So if you take dat boi6 and put him in other random situations, it's hilarious. If that still doesn't make sense to you, consider how big of a role randomness plays in comedy. Some of the best-known jokes ("Why did the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side!") are effective because they play with our expectations to catch us off guard, and we deal with that with laughter. (Yeah, yeah. Vox just explained jokes. Whatever.) A frog on a unicycle called "dat boi"7 is just an extension of that. But even if you don't find any of this funny, it is clear that much of the internet does. Over the past few weeks, internet searches for dat boi8 have spiked. It has practically taken over websites like Reddit, including the popular subreddit r/me_irl. So it's worth looking at how this wonderful frog came into our lives, and what it says about how we live today. To understand dat boi9, you actually have to understand two different memes. The first is the frog on the unicycle. It comes from the animation company Animation Factory, which makes all sorts of weird GIFs, and had the brilliant idea of putting a frog on a unicycle. Ryan Hagen, who worked at Animation Factory, described the frog to Select All as "bizarre off-the-wall garbage." "Essentially, as an artist," he said, "we were told 'make whatever you want.' And we were all a bunch of weirdos so you got weird things, like frogs riding unicycles or doing push-ups." Even before it took off as "dat boi,"10 the unicycle-riding frog had some traction on the internet, according to Select All. The second meme is the phrases attached to dat boi11, including its namesake and "o shit waddup!" According to Know Your Meme, the first reference of this string of words came from an old Tumblr post, in which a user said in a post, "here come dat boi!!!!!!" Someone responded with, "o shit waddup!" and a picture of Pac-Man. Like a frog riding a unicycle, this was seemingly so random that it was hilarious to a lot of people — so it got more than 75,000 notes as Tumblr shared it widely. Eventually, the Facebook page Fresh Memes About the Mojave Desert and Other Delectable Cuisines had the idea of combining these two memes. So dat boi12 was born. In discussing the origin here, there are some questions about cultural appropriation, too. As Paper Magazine explained, the word "boi" has origins in African-American Vernacular English. So some people feel like this is just another example of the internet taking parts of black culture without giving black people credit, which has happened time and time again as black teens break the internet with hilarious phrases like "on fleek" and then a bunch of white people start using them. At any rate, dat boi13 has become a cultural phenomenon. And that says a lot about how we live our lives today. Dat boi's14 rise can be seen narrowly as just another hilarious meme taking the internet by storm. But it also speaks to a larger trend: Whether we're cracking jokes, consuming news, or just talking to our friends, communication is becoming increasingly visual. This is particularly true for young people, who have seized on memes and videos as a big way of communicating with each other on the internet. Some of this communication by visualization, of course, always existed (like folk art), and television also elevated visual communication. But the internet has taken it to a whole new level by making it so easy to make a meme — all you need is Microsoft Paint — and stream or upload videos. The clearest example of this is the subreddit r/me_irl. The entire purpose of this forum is for people to share how they feel about their lives — usually through dark humor — via memes. For example, here is how one redditor described his current life situation: But it's not just about sharing our emotions. Nowadays, a popular strand of memes on r/me_irl promote taking a stand against the bourgeoisie that have oppressed us with class society and wage labor for so many centuries. Here is one example: It's not just socialists, either. The entire subreddit for Donald Trump is basically memes. One might look at this and say this is just a really simplistic, unsophisticated way of talking. But as a Trump supporter described it to me, "If I can get a point across in one image, and you take 4,000 words to do it, who's the fucking idiot?" Beyond Reddit and other internet message boards, it's clear that visual communication is increasingly dominating other aspects of our lives. Consider modern journalism: As a Vox writer, I can tell you that some of our most widely shared articles are visual — such as one article that charts and maps 17 big pieces of data about gun violence in America. In fact, this article was so successful that it helped lead to another visual adaptation of this kind of data: video. Still, particularly for the people who aren't used to memes as a form of communication (as some older Vox staffers lamented when we discussed who should write this explainer), this can all seem a little weird. That's understandable. And it's totally reasonable to wonder, "Why the hell would a stupid frog on a unicycle be funny to people?" But it's okay to not get it. Different generations do all sorts of weird things that others simply won't get — just think of all your dad's terrible jokes. It just so happens many younger people appreciate the meme as a form of communication and the sheer randomness of dat boi15. All of this is to say that dat boi16 represents the way human-to-human communication and even joke telling is changing. It's no longer just about having a comedian stand on a stage and spill his routine, or gathering around the living room and making knock-knock jokes. Nowadays it's okay to take a simple image and slap some text on it, and if it's funny enough to a lot of young people, it just might become an enormous viral hit. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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