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Talk:Las Vegas (In the Hills of Donegal) "(Las Vegas) In the Hills of Donegal" is a song by the Irish folk rock group Goats Don't Shave. It was first released by them in 1992 with the release of their album, The Rusty Razor. The song found new popularity in the 2000s, not only among people from County Donegal, but people from all over Ireland. The lyrics of the song portray a county that is cut off from the rest of Ireland. There are several references made to individuals from popular and business culture. The song has been covered by many other artists including The Irish Rovers. Move page The result of the move request was page moved. Vegaswikian (talk) 22:18, 22 November 2009 (UTC) (Las Vegas) In the Hills of Donegal → Las Vegas (In the Hills of Donegal) — Brackets are incorrect. On the albums tracklist the song title is given as "Las Vegas (In the Hills of Donegal)" rather than "(Las Vegas) In The Hills of Donegal". This would move the page to its correct title. --Mahone1 (talk) 13:09, 14 November 2009 (UTC)	WIKI
Cook House Cook House may refer to: In the United States (by state then city) * Cook House (North Little Rock, Arkansas), NHRP # 93001250 * John Cook House, New Haven, Connecticut, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) * William H. Cook Water Tank House, Jerome, Idaho, listed on the NRHP * John W. Cook Hall, Normal, Illinois, listed on the NRHP * Cook Farm (Charles City, Iowa), listed on the NRHP * Clarissa Cook Home for the Friendless, Davenport, Iowa, listed on the NRHP * Cook House (Alexandria, Louisiana), NHRP # 79001086 * William Cook House (Cambridge, Massachusetts), listed on the NRHP * Whitney-Farrington-Cook House, Waltham, Massachusetts, listed on the NRHP * Asa M. Cook House, Reading, Massachusetts, listed on the NRHP * Thomas Cook House (Somerville, Massachusetts), listed on the NRHP * A. E. Cook House, Uxbridge, Massachusetts, listed on the NRHP * Cook-Sellers House, DeSoto, Mississippi, listed on the NRHP in Mississippi * Cook House (Hazlehurst, Mississippi), NHRP # 83003941 * Cook Farm (Missoula, Montana), listed on the NRHP in Missoula County * Harold J. Cook Homestead Cabin, Agate, Nebraska, listed on the NRHP * Will Marion Cook House, New York, New York, listed on the NRHP * William Cook House (Mebane, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP * John Cook Farm, Harlem, Ohio, listed on the NRHP in Delaware County * Unzicker-Cook House, Oxford, Ohio, listed on the NRHP * Shipley-Cook Farmstead, Lake Oswego, Oregon, listed on the NRHP in Clackamas County * Cook-Bateman Farm, Tiverton, Rhode Island, listed on the NRHP * Fox-Cook Farm, Wallingford, Vermont, listed on the NRHP * Cook House (Parkersburg, West Virginia), listed on the NHRPin Wood County (#78002812) * Thomas Cook House (Milwaukee, Wisconsin), NRHP-listed	WIKI
Aluminium Bahrain appoints EPC contractor for power station project DUBAI, Aug 1 (Reuters) - Aluminium Bahrain (Alba) said on Monday it had appointed the GE and GAMA Consortium as the engineering, procurement and construction contractor for its Power Station 5. The consortium will be responsible for the design, engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning of the 1,792 megawatt (MW) combined cycle gas turbine power plant. Alba did not provide a full breakdown of the companies involved in the consortium. The power station is part of Alba’s Line 6 expansion project, aimed at making Alba the largest single-site smelter in the world. Reporting by Tom Arnold, editing by Louise Heavens	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
British Airways plc v Williams British Airways plc v Williams (2011) C-155/10 is a UK labour law and EU law decision by the European Court of Justice regarding the right to holidays with pay, which is found in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights article 24, the Working Time Directive and the Working Time Regulations 1998. Williams itself was decided under analogous rules found in the Civil Aviation (Working Time) Regulations 2004. It held that variable components in pay, such as bonuses, must be included in the amount of pay people receive while they are on holiday. Facts Williams, and other pilots who worked for British Airways claimed that their holiday pay was too low, because it only reflected his fixed salary, and not his bonuses. Williams' comprised a fixed annual salary, a "flying pay supplement" that went up the more he flew, and a "time away from base" which went up the more he was away from home. The flying and time away allowances were capped. Properly construed, his contract suggested that his holiday pay would be at the rate of only his fixed salary. Williams, however, contended that this was contrary to the Civil Aviation Working Time Directive, as implemented by the Civil Aviation (Working Time) Regulations 2004, (sector-specific implementations with the same objective as the Working Time Directive and the Working Time Regulations 1998 in this respect). In absence of particular provisions, the pay while on leave should be "normal remuneration". British Airways contended that because the Employment Rights Act 1996 sections 221 to 224 did not have provisions on how to determine a week's pay, the rate should be determined with reference to the contract. Under the Civil Aviation (Working Time) Regulations 2004, which enacted the European directive 2000/79/EC, airline crew are entitled to a minimum of four weeks 'paid annual leave'. Under UK law, this meant that airline crew were in general entitled to 'normal or comparable pay' whilst on leave. BA crew were paid a basic fixed wage, but they also received additional payment in the form of a 'Flying Pay Supplement' and a 'Time Away from Base Allowance'. During periods of statutory leave, staff, including the appellants, were paid according to their basic wage, without any allowance for time that they would have spent flying, or away from base, had they been working according to their usual patterns. A case was brought in the Employment Tribunals by approximately 2,750 BA pilots, who argued that the 'normal pay' condition under UK law meant that BA were obliged to pay them as though they had spent time away from base and on flights during their annual leave. Their claim was successful in both the Employment Tribunal and Employment Appeals Tribunal. Court of Appeal The Court of Appeal found for BA, holding that whilst European Directives set out a broad principle that employees were entitled to four weeks leave at a rate of pay which was comparable to their regular pay, BA were not in breach of any domestic statutory obligations by failing to pay employees exactly what they would have earned had they worked through their holiday. Supreme Court The Supreme Court declined to address the issues presented by the case and instead opted to refer a series of questions to the European Court of Justice regarding the Directives and the issues raised in the appeal. The certified questions asked: * 1) to what extent the process of defining 'normal or comparable pay' fell within EU and/or domestic law, * 2) whether it was sufficient that the level of pay agreed between employers and employees did not dissuade employees from taking their annual leave, * 3) was it a requirement that employees were paid either (a) precisely their 'normal' pay or (b) at a comparable level to their 'normal' pay, or was neither option explicitly required by EU law, * 4) assuming one of the options suggested by question 3 was correct, what period of time is relevant in determining a worker's 'normal' pay, * 5) assuming one of the options suggested by question 3 was correct, what approach should be taken when a level of pay is dependent on a worker's level of engagement in particular activities (i.e. flying), what approach should be taken when a statutory limit to the amount of engagement a worker is permitted to undertake would have been breached had the worker actually carried it out. European Court of Justice The European Court of Justice subsequently ruled in 2011 that all pay components which relate to the personal and professional status of an airline pilot must be maintained during that worker's paid annual leave, and it was up to the national court to assess that the criteria have been met. The UKSC then ruled in 2012 that the claims were to be remitted back to the employment tribunal for further consideration of the appropriate payments to be made to the pilots in respect of the periods of paid annual leave in issue.	WIKI
Blue v. State of Indiana [No. 28,094. Filed June 21, 1946. Rehearing denied September 23, 1946.] Eggeman, Reed & Cleland, of Fort Wayne, and Seth E. Rowdabaugh, of Warsaw, for appellant. James A. Emmert, Attorney General, Frank E. Coughlin, First Assistant Attorney General, and Merl M. Wall, Deputy Attorney General, for the State. Young, J. A jury found appellant guilty of assault and battery upon Paul Burgess and fixed a penalty of a thousand dollars fine and six months imprisonment. It appeared without contradiction that in connection with a strike automobiles were parked bumper to bumper at the entrance to the factory involved, so that it was impossible for persons seeking to enter the factory to do so without climbing over the automobiles. There was testimony that about 25 employees were present for the purpose of entering the factory to work, and that the sheriff of the county was there to assure them safe conduct across, the picket line. Burgess was an employee desiring to enter the premises of his employer and was the first to undertake the climb across the line of obstructing cars. With the sheriff immediately behind him, he stepped up on the touching bumpers of two cars and started across. There was not entire unanimity in the testimony of the witnesses, but all testified to facts amounting to the offense charged. The Staté’s witnesses testified in effect that when appellant saw Burgess on the bumpers of the cars he came forward and struck Burgess in the chest and knocked him down. Appellant’s witnesses testified in effect that when appellant saw Burgess climbing, across the bumpers of the cars he came forward and pushed Burgess back into the arms of the sheriff who was immediately behind Burgess. No witness testified that any serious physical harm was done to Burgess, and that is argued by appellant, but he was kept from entering the plant where he was employed as he desired to do. The seriousness of an assault and battery is not always measured by the physical harm done. The purpose of an assault and battery is not'always to inflict personal injury. The purpose and effect may be to deprive the victim of freedom of action and conduct, as wás the case here, and' in such cases the physical damage done does not measure the gravity of the offense. In his motion for a new trial'and"in the brief before this court, appellant says that the evidence was insuffi-cient to sustain the verdict. As we have already pointed out there was uncontradicted evidence that- appellant struck or pushed Burgess as he attempted to enter the factory for work. Notwithstanding the evidence of striking and pushing, appellant’s counsel in their brief iñ this court argued that no assault and battery was committed, “unless merely blocking the way against one who was pushed against him can constitute an offense.” If from this we are to understand that counsel believes that where a strike is in progress the strikers in the course of picketing have the right by physical blocking and pushing to prevent others from crossing the line set up by the strikers then we cannot agree with him. The fight to strike is the right to cease work and is unquestioned. In connection with the right to strike is the right peacefully to picket the premises of the employer against whom the strike is directed, and in the exercise of the constitutional right of free speech by argument and persuasion peacefully to induce others to join the strikers. But the right to strike and the right to picket do not include the right to block entrances and by force, or threats of force; deny other persons the right to go in or upon their own property or to enter the premises to which they have been invited, expressly or by implication. Carnegie-Illinois Steel v. U. S. W. of A. (1946), 353 Pa. 420, 426, 429, 45 A. (2d) 857. Appellant, in his brief, , says that “the gravamen of appellant’s appeal rests upon the ground that appellant’s rights, guaranteed to him by Sections 13 and 15 of Article I of the Constitution of Indiana were invaded.” Section 13 of Article I of the Indiana Constitution is as follows: “In all criminal prosecutions, the accused, shall have the right to a public trial, by an impartial jury, in the county in which the offense shall have been committed; to be heard by himself and counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, and to have a copy thereof; to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor.” Section 15 of. the same Article is as follows: ■ “No person' arrested, or confined in jail, shall be treated with' unnecessary rigor.” None, of the rights guaranteed by these sections was violated. . . However, the appellant also later refers to § 16 of Article I as giving rights that were denied this appellant. Section 16 is as follows: . “Excessive bail shall not be required. Excessive fines shall not be imposed. Cruel and unusual punishments shall not be inflicted. All penalties shall be proportioned to the nature of the offense.” Appellant contends that rights under this section have been violated. He contends that the fine is excessive and the penalty is out of proportion to the offense committed. But the fine and imprisonment imposed' is within the statute governing the offense charged. That being true, this court cannot interfere on account of its severity. Lodyga and Mantych v. State Of Indiana (1932), 203 Ind. 494, 505, 179 N. E. 542; Cox v. State of Indiana (1932), 203 Ind. 544, 557, 177 N. E. 898; McCulley v. The State (1878), 62 Ind. 428; Miller v. The State (1898), 149 Ind. 607, 613, 49 N. E. 894. While fines and penalties should not be excessive, and. must be proportioned to the nature of the offense, that does not mean that this court can set aside a conviction and sentence, within the statute, merely because on the record it may seem severe. It is the duty of the trial jury, on finding a defendant guilty of misdemeanor, to fix the penalty within the statute defining the offense. § 9-1819, Burns’ 1933. If the statute under which this charge was laid is constitutional, then the punishment, being within the limits as fixed, is- lawful and not contrary to § 16 of Article I of the Constitution of Indiana. Section 16 is a limitation on the acts of the legislature and not a limitation on the discretion of a jury acting within the framework of a statute. Miller v. The State, supra, at page 613. In the case before us the statute is not questioned nor is it claimed that the sentence exceeded the statutory limitations. Appellant principally urges as grounds for reversal misconduct of the prosecuting attorney in the cross-examination of witnesses and in argument. No objection was made during the course of the trial to the cross-examination referred to and no objection was made to the prosecutor’s argument and no motion was made to set aside submission on account of either. Ordinarily failure to object to evidence or misconduct of counsel waives and cures any error in connection therewith. We are asked to ignore this rule and to consider whether there was such misconduct upon the part of the prosecutor and failure on the part of the judge and appellant’s counsel as deprived appellant of his constitutional right to a fair trial. The misconduct of the prosecutor claimed in connection with the cross-examination of witnesses consisted of questions the answers to which tended to show that the witnesses knew there was a war on, and knew that preventing employees from entering the factory retarded production of war material, but that the witnesses in effect placed their union and the strike ahead of war production. Some of the witnesses for the defendant went so far as to say that they did not care whether production of war material was retarded or not. In argument to the jury the prosecutor referred with some bitterness to the strike and its effect upon war production and its effect upon the success of our military forces. This argument appears to have been directed not to the question of guilt but to the extent of the penalty. Appellant argues vigorously that the conduct of the prosecutor in the course of cross-examination and in argument deprived him of a fair trial by injecting collateral labor and war issues which prejudiced the court and jury and resulted in a trial not for assault and battery but, quoting from appellant’s brief, “for being a member of a labor union, for being out on strike, for being in a picket line, for endeavoring to prevent other employes from entering the plant where he was employed.” It seems to us that these enumerated collateral issues were inherent in the case and that the case could not have been tried without a disclosure to the jury of the above quoted facts which appellant claims are collateral, and we are not certain that the criticized cross-examination was improper, and if the cross-examination was not improper arguing the facts elicited by such cross-examination was not improper. It will be borne in mind that by statute the burden of fixing the penalty in this case was upon the jury. The right of a jury to hear evidence in aggravation or mitigation of an offense was discussed in the case of Kistler v. State (1876), 54 Ind. 400, 403, 404. In that case the defendant on trial of the cause offered to prove, in mitigation of punishment, the fact that he had already been in prison for the same offense for a period of 18 months. The court refused to permit him to make this proof and error in such refusal was alleged in this court. This court pointed out that under the old law when the trial court fixed the penalty it was entitled to have brought to its attention circumstances, whether in aggravation or in mitigation, which would help it in the exercise of its discretion in fixing the penalty. This court then applied the same principle to juries and held that juries, to guide them in fixing" penalties, are entitled to hear' testimony of mitigating or aggravating circumstances, and on page 404 said: “In considering the question of the nature or the extent of the punishment, the juries are now fairly entitled to all the latitude which the courts have rightly exercised, in hearing evidence tending to enlighten them in the exercise of a sound judicial discretion.” This being true, we are unwilling to say that evidence of the effect of the strike upon war production is not included in the circumstances which the jury was entitled to consider in discharging its duty of fixing the penalty. We further suggest that the trial court in its discretion has wide latitude in permitting cross-examination to test the credibility of a witness by disclosing his general attitude toward the circumstances of the case, his interest, his motives, his prejudices, character and other influences which operate upon the mind, and only clear abuse of such discretion demands reversal. Lincoln v. State (1921), 191 Ind. 426, 133 N. E. 351; Denny v. State (1921), 190 Ind. 176, 129 N. E. 308; Craig, Exrx. v. Citizens Trust Company (1940), 217 Ind. 434, 451, 26 N. E. (2d) 1006; Perfect v. State (1925), 197 Ind. 401, 141 N. E. 52. Appellant contends that a defendant in a criminal case is entitled to a fair trial before an impartial judge and a jury motivated only by proper considerations and to be represented by competent counsel, and that failure of his own counsel and misconduct of the judge and prosecutor which violate his constitutional right to such a trial may be raised in this court even though the proper and, ordinarily, necessary procedural objections have not been made. That, of course, is true, but injustice must be made clearly to appear, and appellate courts very properly have been slow to intervene in such cases. In this connection appellant has cited a number of cases from this and other jurisdictions. To discuss all the cases would unduly prolong this opinion. We may say, however, that with a single exception, no Indiana case cited was reversed for misconduct or failure of court or counsel when objection was not made at the trial. The exception is the case of Wilson v. State (1943), 222 Ind. 63, 51 N. E. (2d) 848. In that case appellant’s grounds for complaint were stated in the following language on page 66: “His position may be summarized by the statement that appellant was deprived of fundamental rights guaranteed by our constitution in that he had merely a perfunctory representation by counsel in a trial before a judge who was not impartial but stepped out of his proper role on several occasions to assist in the prosecution and to convey to the jury his opinion that the appellant was not worthy of belief.” and in conclusion at page 83: “When, as here, there has been such a lack of representation as to be equivalent to or worse than no representation whatsoever and as a result thereof the judge misused the opportunity thus given to impress upon the jury his view that the defendant was guilty and ought to be convicted, we are left with no alternative but to exercise the power that is in this court to remand the cause for such a trial as will not deny but will afford to the accused the protection guaranteed by our Bill of Rights and the Constitution of the United States.” No such situation is found in the case before us. Appellant had more than perfunctory representation. His attorney was of his own ■ selection. By his own admission in his brief here, prepared by a new lawyer, his case was tried by “a lawyer of wide trial experience” whose reputation was “unimpeachable.” Nine witnesses were called for defendant against five for the State. They were intelligently examined and the State’s witnesses were intelligently cross-examined. The only fault found with his conduct of this case was his failure to object to the cross-examination and the argument of the prosecutor. What to do was a matter of judgment and discretion in the heat of a trial. He had a case where he could not rely on his client’s innocence. He may have thought one or more or all the members of the jury would respond to the labor union angle, or he may have hoped that the prosecutor’s methods would excite sympathy. Having elected to follow the course he did, his client can’t wait for the result, and then complain. In the case before us the judge did not, as in the Wilson case, step out of his proper role to convey to the jury that he thought the defendant guilty. One criticism of him is that he should have voluntarily intervened during the prosecutor’s cross-examination and argument. He was present. He knew the situation in a way that cannot be translated into a printed record. By overruling the motion for a new trial when these same questions were presented, he has said the defendant had a fair trial. For reasons already stated we cannot say he, with his better opportunity to judge, was wrong. Appellant also questions three instructions given by the court. No objections to these instructions were made in accordance with the rules and no proposition or point in appellant’s brief was addressed to them. Criticism of them is tied into argument as to the fairness of the trial. In that connection we have considered them and don’t believe they prejudiced the appellant. For the foregoing reasons and because evidence of guilt of the offense charged is so perfectly clear, we are not disposed to reverse this case upon alleged errors to which no objection was made at the proper time. Judgment affirmed. Richman, J., dissents with opinion. Note.—Reported in 67 N. E. (2d) 377. Dissenting Opinion Richman, J. I entertain no doubt of appellant’s guilt of the crime of assault and battery. I condemn his resort to force to maintain a picket line. Whether he struck a hard blow or merely “body-blocked” a gap in a barricade, his act amounted to an unprovoked assault for which he is subject to punishment. I agree that a jury may consider evidence .in aggravation or mitigation of the offense, but, with this very important reservation, that the evidence of aggravation is a part of the State’s case in chief and may not, unless the door is opened, be elicited by cross-examination of the defendant’s witnesses. Appellant’s punishment was not “cruel and unusual.” I do not know whether it was “proportioned to the nature of the offense.” These matters, and others treated in the majority opinion, I consider relatively unimportant. They are collateral or incidental to the vital question in this appeal which I think has been erroneously decided. Appellant says that he was deprived of the right to a fair trial. I think he was, but I am not so much concerned with his right as with the failure of the trial court to discharge its duty. In Miles v. State (1944), 222 Ind. 312, 53 N. E. (2d) 779, the judge re-instructed the jury in the involuntary absence of the defendant. The judgment of conviction was reversed not on the ground that appellant was denied the right to be present but that the court failed in its duty to require his presence. Is the duty to have an accused in the courtroom throughout the trial more important than the duty to give him a fair trial while he is there? Neither of these duties is mentioned in the constitutions under which we live. Nor is the presumption of innocence. Nor the requirement of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Inherent in our jurisprudence are certain fundamentals that need no specific constitutional protection nor mandate. The responsibility resting upon courts to accord a fair trial to a person charged with crime is one of these fundamentals. It is universally recognized as a part of the law of the land. 14 Am. Jur., Criminal Law, § 129, p. 858. If it is flagrantly disregarded in a trial court to the detriment of the accused, on this court, when its remedial power is sought, rests the responsibility of correction. There are numerous definitions of “fair trial.” See State v. Gossett (1921), 117 S. C. 76, 108 S. E. 290, 16 A. L. R. 1299; Sunderland v. United States (1927), C. C. A. 8th, 19 F. (2d) 202, 216; People v. Wolf (1906), 95 N. Y. 264, 76 N. E. 592; 14 Am. Jur., Criminal Law, § 130, p. 853. But definitions are not important. There surely can be no gainsaying that a trial into which a prosecuting attorney wilfully and persistently injects extraneous prejudicial matter is not a fair trial. The kind of prejudice—religious, racial, political, social—is immaterial. Here the prosecuting attorney was fired with an intolerant, patriotic fervor, communicated to the jurors, calculated to inflame their passions against a defendant whom he regarded and wished them to regard as lending aid and comfort to the axis powers. The accusation was assault and battery, but the trial was for treason. Let us look at the record. The affidavit was as follows : “Frank R. Lucas, being duly sworn upon oath, says that on or about the 25th day of October, 1944, at and within the County of Kosciusko and State of Indiana, Charles (Pete) Blue then and there being, did then and there in a rude, insolent and angry manner unlawfully touch, beat and strike the person of Paul Burgess “Contrary to the form of the Statute in such cases made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the State of Indiana.” On the day of arraignment appellant waived, but the prosecutor insisted upon, a jury trial. The case was set for trial out of turn because, the entry states, of 11 cases “growing out of the same circumstances,” this was the only one requiring a jury. The attorney who appeared for appellant when he was arraigned “not being able to appear in court,” another was employed on the day set for trial, securing one day postponement. The trial, lasting two days, was begun December 12, 1944, when, as stated in appellant’s brief, “the ‘Belgium Bulge’ was in its darkest hour.” Present counsel, employed after the verdict, prepared the motion for new trial. It contains the usual specifications but also four which are quite unusual. Two of them charge that an instruction prepared and given by the court “accentuated” the errors complained of in the other two. While I think the instruction was erroneous I do not share counsel’s view as to its effect. It may have been intended to repair the damage done by improper cross-examination and prejudicial argument, but the language was ill-chosen even for that purpose. Besides, “one party may not be permitted to get the other into a dying condition and then expect the court to revive him by instructions.” Martin v. Lilly (1919), 188 Ind. 139, 121 N. E. 443. The other two unusual specifications I quote in full: “III “Error of law occurring at the trial in that the Prosecuting Attorney, as shown by the record, persistently followed a line of improper and irrelevant questioning of defendant’s witnesses on cross-examination and failure of the court to immediately control such conduct to the prejudices of defendant and his defense before the jury, and failure of the court of its own motion to promptly instruct the jury to disregard such line of questioning and all collateral issues injected into the trial of the cause before the jury for the obvious purpose, as shown by the record, of building up within the minds of the jury a violent prejudice which resulted in an unfair trial to the defendant, and resulting in the assessment of an exorbitant, unjust, and unfair penalty against the defendant, in view of the nature of the offense charged as shown by the record, as follows: “ (a) Of the witness Howard Shepler, called on behalf of the defendant, upon cross-examination as shown by the record, the. Prosecuting Attorney asked the following improper and prejudicial questions, injecting into said cause a collateral issue having no bearing upon the offense committed or the credibility of the witness: “Q. What is your draft status? “A. 2-B. “Q. What does that mean? “A. I am deferred on account of defense work. “Q. As an essential worker? “A. That’s right. “Q. You were not an essential worker the day you went over to prevent other people from working on their regular jobs? . “A. You might say it was because we were upholding what we think is right. “Q. And you wanted to stop war production? “A. Yes, in a way. “Q. And you had a good soft job when a lot of the boys were overseas fighting? “A. If moulding is a soft job. “Q. Answer the question. “A. I stated that moulding isn’t soft work. “Q. You were not moulding that day. You were over there retarding production. “A. No, I was off with a sprained vertebrae in my back. I had not been to work for three or four days. “Q. You went to the draft board and got yourself deferred because you were an essential worker in a war plant. “A. I didn’t go to the draft board. “Q. But you took your deferment and was glad to get it. “A. I can’t say I was glad to get it, no. “(b) And of the witness Helen Smith, called by the defendant, upon cross-examination, as shown by the record, the Prosecuting Attorney was guilty of misconduct in pursuing the following line of questions and answers which were highly prejudicial to the defendant’s defense and resulted in an unfair and unreasonable and unjust verdict in the assessment of the penalty, to-wit: “Q. You know who a man named Eisenhower is ? “A. Who did you say? “Q. You know who General Eisenhower is, do you? “A. Yes, I know who he is. “Q. Well, have you been reading in the paper recently how he has been begging for more ammunition and supplies and materials and things for the armies ? “Objection was made and sustained. “Q. You knew when you went over there to picket that you were lending your aid to the suppression or retarding of the making of vital war material, retarding war production, didn’t you? “Objection overruled. “A. Yes; “Q. You thought that was perfectly all right, did you ? “A. I thought it was all right to help those people that need help. “Q. It wouldn’t make any difference that it meant a soldier’s life? “A. I wanted to help the strikers, but that wouldn’t hurt a soldier’s life. “Q. That is what you think? “A. Yes. “Q. You think it is perfectly all right to close the factories to help these men who are getting good salaries at the expense of those at the front who need supplies and materials? “A. I think it is all right to help these people so these boys won’t have to fight here the same as over there. “Q. Your husband isn’t in the army, is he? “A. No. “Q. Have you any children ? ■ “A. We have two. “Q. “A. Yes. “Q. And a traveling salesman? “A. Yes. “Q. Do you know what his classification is? “A. 4-F. “Q. And you think it is perfectly all right, even if it is necessary to use force and violence, to prevent workmen from carrying on their usual occupations? “A. I don’t believe in using force, because there isn’t any use. “ (c) And of the witness, Orville Taylor, called by the defendant, upon cross-examination, as shown by the record, the Prosecuting Attorney asked the following questions which were highly prejudicial, improper, and injected into the trial a collateral issue which resulted in an unfair and unjust verdict and assessment of penalty, to-wit: “Q. “A. No, sir. “Q. The fact of the matter was, you wanted the factory closed up ? “A. That’s right. “Q. Your attitude was, you better do .what we want or we will close you up? “A. That is the way I felt or I would not be on the picket line. “Q. Is that the way you still feel about it? “A. We are back to work now. The dispute was settled and we went back to work. “Q. And you think it is perfectly all right to use force and violence to keep a man from going to work? “A. I didn’t see any force and violence out there. “(d) And of the witness Michael Priser, called by the defendant, as a witness and in his behalf, upon cross-examination, as shown by the record, the Prosecuting Attorney pursued the following highly prejudicial and unfair cross-examination, injecting into the trial of said cause a collateral issue which deprived the defendant of a fair trial as manifest in the excessive penalty, assessed in the verdict of the jury: “Q. You thought it was all right to stop production over at the Arnolt Motor Company? “A. Yes, sir. “Q. You knew what they .were making, didn’t you? “A. No, sir. “Q. You knew they were making vital war materials, didn’t you? “A. No, in fact I didn’t know what their work consisted of until I read it in the paper. “Q. It didn’t make any difference to you whether their production would stop and retard the manufacture of vital war supplies ? “A. No, sir. “Q. Even if it had been necessary to use violence and force, it would not have made any difference to you, would it? “A. No, sir. “Q. You think it is a case of necessity, a case so necessary that just because there is a dispute between a union and a factory, you endanger the lives of the boys overseas who are bleeding and dying for their country, by stopping production of necessary war material, so that they are left without ammunition and supplies, you think that is higher and more important than their lives, that is your attitude, is it? “Def endant was entitled to have the charge of assault and battery tried before the jury wholly stripped of collateral and prejudicial matter. “The Prosecuting Attorney followed the above line of questioning on cross-examination wholly for the purpose of prejudicing the minds of the jury against the defendant and for the purpose of having the jury impose upon the defendant excessive punishment in event they should find defendant guilty. “It is apparent from the record as above shown that defendant was being tried by the Prosecuting Attorney for his membership in a union and for .being in a picket line, and the questions propounded by the. Prosecuting Attorney with reference to the collateral issue of the war and need for materials Was for the obvious purpose, as shown by the record, of inducing the jury to assess a penalty on the basis of interference with the war effort rather than for an assault and battery, and the nature and extent of punishment assessed and fixed by the jury makes it clearly appear that this conduct on the part of the State was prejudicial to the defendant, in the extreme. “Defendant, by this line of questioning and conduct of the Prosecuting Attorney was deprived of a fair and impartial trial and denied the right of a fair and impartial verdict in violation of his constitutional rights. “Even in the absence of objection on the part of defendant’s counsel, it was the duty of the court to control such conduct on the part of the Prosecuting Attorney and to prevent it and to thoroughly, and at the time, to instruct the jury not to consider such conduct or questions in fixing the amount of the punishment in event they should find defendant guilty as charged. “These collateral issues so introduced had strong emotional and prejudicial appeal to the jury at a time when the nation was engaged in war resulting in excessive punishment of the defendant, and certainty of guilt on account of the source of the trouble being a labor dispute, a strike and a picket line in violation of defendant’s constitutional rights. “XIV “Error of law occurring at the trial arising from misconduct of the Prosecuting Attorney in his argument to the jury in which he made highly prejudicial statements to the jury as set out in affidavits in the words and figures following: . . . “Ladies and Gentlemen of the Jury, do you want a few labor unions, picketeers and hoodlums to shut down our war effort and stop our war production while our boys are over there on the fighting front fighting for all of us? This hoodlum (referring to the defendant Blue) by the acts which have been proved here in evidence is no better than a saboteur, and should he made to face the firing squad. This defendant, Pete Blue, his instructed witnesses, and the hoodlums from this picket line are worse than saboteurs. Ladies and Gentlemen of the Jury, give this man the full extent of the law, and we won’t have any more occurrences of this kind in our community I guarantee you. Over in Germany such men as this defendant here would be shot by a firing squad—he wouldn’t have the honor of going before an honest jury as this man has here. These fellows (referring to labor union men) are worse than German spies sent over here from Nazi-land. This fellow, Blue, must have animal blood in him to do what he has done—othenvise he could not account for the things that have occurred. Men out there on the picket line and the other hoodlums who support Blue have been rehearsed and appear here as instructed witnesses to help this saboteur in his acts against the Government of the United States. If you jurors think any thing of your soldier and sailor sons and daughters, give this fellow the limit of the law, and if you don’t think of your own sons and daughters, for God’s sake think of my son who is over there.” (My italics.) When the motion for new trial'was heard the prosecuting attorney admitted that the affidavits setting out this language were “substantially true,” except that he denied making the italicized statements. The evidence at this hearing is included in a bill of exceptions. Shepler was the first of appellant’s nine witnesses, only three of whom escaped the kind of cross-examination above set forth. They were all workers and members of the same union but employed at other plants. One testified on cross-examination that she and other witnesses had conferred with the appellant’s attorney but that neither he nor any one else had told her how she should testify. This is the only excuse in the record for the prosecutor’s accusation that they were “instructed” witnesses. Upon his motion the witnesses were separated. Their stories varied in detail sufficiently, in my opinion, to exclude any reasonable inference that they had been coached. The majority “are not certain that the criticized cross-examination was improper . ...” I think it is indefensible. It is elemental that cross-examination should be restricted to the subject-matter of the original examination. Patton v. Hamilton (1859), 12 Ind. 256. There is not a syllable of evidence elicited in the direct examination of any of the nine witnesses as to the draft status, social philosophy or patriotism of the witness, or any other matter justifying or opening the door to this kind of cross-examination. Nor did it test the credibility of the witnesses. The “wide latitude” permitted for this purpose must be confined to the purpose. In what respect did the draft status of Mrs. Smith’s husband tend to show whether she was telling the truth on the witness stand? Or her belief that she had a right to assist strikers in a war plant? Or the fact that a soldier’s life might be endangered by the strike ? These inquiries were not made to that end but clearly were intended to prejudice the jury against all those who took part in the strike, including appellant. In describing the scene of action and what, occurred there was little variation between the testimony of the State’s witnesses and the direct testimony of witnesses for appellant. The two extremes are found in the stories told by Carl Sutherlin, the last of appellant’s witnesses, and Frank Lucas, the sheriff and prosecuting witness. The former said that Burgess was helped up on the bumpers by Sheriff Lucas, who insisted that he go over the bumpers through the picket line and pushed him two-thirds of the way across when Blue pushed him back; and that he did not fall. Lucas was asked by the prosecuting attorney to state “just exactly what you saw happen there” and replied: “Pete Blue, in a rude and angry mcmner, stepped from the place where he was standing. He rushed over to where Mr. Burgess was climbing across the car; he was up on the bumpers, and Pete Blue, in.a rude and angry manner, brought back and struck him with his fist and knocked him over to the inside of the little circle of cars between that and the office, knocked him fiat to the ground; he hit him on the chest.” (My italics.) The inclusion in this answer of the italicized phrases warrants the inference that the sheriff had either been advised or had informed himself as to the desirability of bringing his testimony within the statute and affidavit. See affidavit, supra. Even under Sutherlin’s version I would have no difficulty in concluding that an assault was committed. But I submit that a jury believing Sutherlin would have been disposed to fix a lesser penalty than one accepting the sheriff’s story as the truth. The only defense of the prosecutor’s argument attempted in the majority opinion is based upon the premises that the cross-examination was proper. Even were the premises sound, the conclusion would not follow. I find nothing in the evidence to justify such name-calling as “picketeers,” hoodlums, saboteurs or German spies. Characterizing appellant and his witnesses in such terms and vehemently appealing to the jury to give appellant “the limit of the law” because of “his acts against the Government of the United States” are not adequately described by the statement of the majority that he “referred with some bitterness to the strike and its effect upon war production . . In this case, from its inception, is evident the desire of the prosecuting attorney to get before the jury, which he demanded, his conviction that appellant and his associates were engaged in a traitorous enterprise for which the extreme punishment permitted by the statute should be assessed. And he succeeded. His views did not inadvertently slip into the evidence. They were, in my opinion, deliberately and wilfully injected and, as before stated, converted a prosecution for assault and-battery into a trial for treason. The duties of attorneys and judge in the conduct of a trial have been defined by eminent jurists whose words I quote: “But a trial in court is never, as respondents in their brief, argue this one was, ‘purely a private controversy . . . of no importance to the public.’ The state, whose interest it is the duty of court and counsel alike to uphold, is concerned that every litigation^ be fairly and impartially conducted and that verdicts of juries be rendered only on the issues made by the pleadings and the evidence. The public interest requires that the court of its own motion, as is its power and duty, protect suitors in their right to a verdict uninfluenced by the appeals of counsel to passion or prejudice. See Union P. Ry. Co. v. Field, 137 Fed. 14, 15; Brown v. Sineford, 44 Wis. 282, 293. Where such paramount considerations are involved, the failure of counsel to particularize an exception will not preclude this Court from correcting the error. Brasfield v. United States, 272 U. S. 448, 450.” Mr. Justice Stone in New York Central R. R. Co. v. Johnson (1929), 279 U. S. 310, 73 L. Ed. 706, 49 S. Ct. 300. “A judge, at least in a federal court, is more than a moderator; he is affirmatively charged with securing a fair trial, and he must intervene sua sponte to that end, when necessary. It is not always enough that the other side does not protest; often the protest will only serve to emphasize the evil. Justice does not depend upon legal dialetics so much as upon the atmosphere of the court room, and that in the end depends primarily upon the judge.” Judge Learned Hand in Brown v. Walter (1933), C. C. A. 2d, 62 F. (2d) 798. “An attorney at law, as an officer of the court, speaks in a certain sense by its authority. He speaks in its presence, and when he addresses a jury it is its duty, although not specially requested, to interpose, if he urge upon them considerations obviously foreign to the cause and appealing to prejudice instead of reason. It is true that the counsel for the adverse party ought ordinarily in such a case, if the court remains silent, to call its attention at once to the objectionable features of the argument; but there are occasions when this might simply give rise to a succession of unseemly wrangles at the bar, and others in which what has been said has, as soon as uttered, done its work beyond all power of remedy. In such exceptional cases, and this was of that description, a verdict in favor of the party whose counsel was ixi fault should be set aside, notwithstanding a failue of the other party to take exception to the remarks at the time when they were uttered. State v. Laudano, 74 Conn. 638.” Judge Baldwin in Hennessy v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. (1902), 74 Conn. 699, 710, 52 A. 490, 494. “It is complained that in the argument to the jury statements were made by counsel for plaintiffs inflammatory in their character and not based upon the evidence. It is answered that counsel for defendant also was at fault. Courts fail in their function when their judgments are not in accord with the merits of the controversy. Trial judges cannot preserve the dignity and gravity of the court without the aid of the bar. The lawyer owes it to the litigant, as well as to the state, to prevent a diversion of the juror’s mind from the question he has sworn to try. As we have heretofore said, when misconduct of counsel is such that no admonition or rebuke can entirely destroy its sinister influence, a new trial will be awarded, regardless of want of objection and exception.” Judge Cornish in Starr v. Chicago, B. & O. R. Co. (1919), 103 Neb. 645, 173 N. W. 682. The above quotations are from civil cases where the attorneys for the plaintiff and the defendant were on a par. There is a difference in criminal cases as declared in the classic statement of Mr. Justice Sutherland: “The United States Attorney is the representative not of an ordinary party to a controversy, but of a sovereignty whose obligation to govern impartially is as compelling as its obligation to govern at all; and whose interest, therefore, in a criminal prosecution is not that it shall win a case, but that justice shall be done. As such, he is in a peculiar and very definite sense the servant of the law, the twofold aim of which is that guilt shall not escape or innocence suffer. He may prosecute with earnestness and vigor—indeed, he should do so. But, while he may strike hard blows, he is not at liberty to strike foul ones. It is as much his duty to refrain from improper methods calculated to produce. a wrongful conviction as it is to use every legitimate means to bring about a just one.” Berger v. United States (1935), 295 U. S. 78, 79 L. Ed. 1314, 55 S. Ct. 629, quoted in Swanson v. State (1944), 222 Ind. 217, 52 N. E. (2d) 616. Similar views are found in the following' quotations: “Prosecutors should be zealous in their efforts to enforce the criminal laws, but this does not mean that they are either required or authorized to override the Constitution and thus become lawbreakers themselves in order to secure convictions.” State v. Wellman (1913), 253 Mo. 302, 161 S. W. 795. “Above and beyond all technical procedural rules, designed to preserve the rights of litigants, is the public interest in the maintenance of the nation’s courts as fair and impartial forums where neither bias nor prejudice rules, and appeals to passion find no place, though the government itself be there a litigant.” Pierce v. United States (1936), C. C. A. 6th, 86 F. (2d) 949. See also Latham v. United States (1915), C. C. A. 5th, 226 F. 420, 425; People v. Lieska (1910), 161 Mich. 630, 638, 126 N. W. 636, 639; State v. Horr (1923), 63 Utah 22, 46, 221 P. 867, 877; Turner v. United States (1929), C. C. A. 8th, 35 F. (2d) 25. Judged by these standards there surely can be no question that in this case the prosecuting attorney clearly violated his duty not merely to the appellant but to the sovereign state. By these standards also the trial judge contributed'to the prejudicial conduct of the trial. Silence when it was his duty to control counsel and maintain the judicial atmosphere of the court may well have been taken by the jury as acquiescence in the views expressed by the prosecuting attorney. His refusal to set aside the verdict is consistent with this attitude. As stated in Martin v. State (1886), 63 Miss. 505, 56 Am. Rep. 812, “It is the duty of the presiding judge . . . to interfere of his own motion to prevent a breach of privilege of counsel, and if he fails to do so and the abuse of privilege is of such character as to produce the conviction that injustice resulted therefrom, the duty of this court is to apply the corrective by awarding a new trial.” See also Sylvester v. State (1933), 205 Ind. 628, 630, 187 N. E. 669, 670. The attorney for appellant, conceded to be competent, likewise failed in his duty as an officer of the court. But his culpability does not excuse nor minimize the fault of its other officers. The real stumbling block to the majority is found in their statement “that with a single exception (Wilson v. State), no Indiana case cited was reversed for misconduct or failure of court or counsel when objection was not made at the trial.” There is more similarity between that exceptional case and this one than the majority have seen. Neither Wilson nor Blue received a fair and impartial trial. All three of the principal officers of the court contributed to the result. Wilson’s attorney was incompetent and Blue’s not, but in each case, his attorney not objecting, the defendant was prejudiced by the conduct of the other two officers. In the Wilson case the judge spoke when he should have been silent; here he was silent when he should have spoken. Wilson’s prosecutor was outdone by Blue’s. The prejudice he injected went to the issue of punishment instead of guilt. But in both cases there was prejudice that deprivéd the defendant of a fair trial. In the former it was noted that the guaranty in Art. VI of competent counsel in federal courts is also protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. Powell v. Alabama (1932), 287 U. S. 45, 77 L. Ed. 158, 53 S. Ct. 55, 84 A. L. R. 527. The similar guaranty applying to state courts in Art. I, § 13 of the Indiana Constitution has the same protection. This court about three months ago said in Attkisson v. Usrey (1946), ante. p. 155, 65 N. E. (2d) 489: “The trial must be a fair one before an impartial tribunal. Any procedure which fails to extend fundamental and established right fails of due process. 16 C. J. S. Constitutional Law, § 569, p. 1153.” This squares with a similar statement in Wilson v. State, supra: “But in a case involving an appellant’s life or liberty we may not ignore prejudicial errors affecting his constitutional rights when, as here, they are clearly and adequately presented in appellant’s brief with supporting bill of exceptions. The procedural rules that would prevent their consideration must give way to the fundamental principles of due process.” Whether the argument be based upon a defendant’s right or upon the court’s duty, due process requires a fair and impartial trial. Lack of procedure, or slavish adherence to procedure that interferes with this fundamental substantive right and requirement, in my opinion, violates the Fourteenth Amendment. Cases like this are unusual but not unprecedented. Other appellate courts have not hesitated to grant new trials for such misconduct in the trial court. Judgments so reversed in civil cases include Brown v. Walter, supra; Hennessey v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., supra; Houston & T. C. R. Co. v. Rehm (1904), 36 Tex. Civ. App. 553, 82 S. W. 526; Starr v. Chicago, B. & O. R. Co., supra. See also Prather v. McClelland (1894), 76 Tex. 574, 13 S. W. 543, 26 S. W. 657; Aetna Life Ins. Co. v. Kelley (1934), C. C. A. 8th, 70 F. (2d) 589, 93 A. L. R. 471; Dorsey v. Proctor (1925), 207. Ky. 385, 269 S. W. 316; 1 C. J. S., Appeal & Error, § 297, p. 591, n. 32. In New York Central R. R. Co. v. Johnson, supra, there seems to have been some effort at restraint but it was not effective. Criminal cases include People v. Simon (1927), 80 Cal. App. 675, 252 P. 758, reversed for injection of racial prejudice by a prosecutor’s argument to which no objection was made until the case was in the appellate court; State v. Well-man, supra, wherein the prosecuting attorney, without protest, called a witness a prostitute, her reputation not being in issue; Martin v. State, supra, for argument considerably less violent than in the case at bar. See also note in 78 A. L. R. 1438, 1528. In Davis v. State (1941), 218 Ind. 506, 34 N. E. (2d) 23, a judgment was reversed for error in overruling a motion to quash the affidavit. The court, aware that anything else would be obiter dictum, deemed it advisable to comment on the closing argument to the jury made over objection and motion to withdraw submission. I quote the language of Judge Fansler: “The remarks of the prosecuting attorney here in question were entirely outside the record, and seem to have been made for the purpose of inflaming the minds of the jurors against the defendant, a stranger in the community. At the time of the trial (November, 1940) there was much agitation and suspicion of sabotage by persons charged or suspected of being Communists. There was evidence of excitement over these matters among patriotic citizens. Under such circumstances grave doubts arise as to whether a fair trial has been given a stranger charged by the legal representatives of the state with being a Communist who disrespects the flag. Prosecuting officers, sworn to support the Constitution, and patriotic citizens, should be the first to insist upon protection of the constitutional right to a fair trial, and they should carefully avoid improprieties tending to prejudice that right, lest they be charged with sabotage of constitutional rights.” When Blue was tried the war news was alarming. The last German thrust seemed to have broken through our lines in Belgium with unprecedented casualties among our troops. There were reports of lack of munitions. Strikes in war plants were thought by many persons to be unpatriotic. This strike, which lasted several days, occurred in such a factory a few miles from the Courthouse in Warsaw. The trial could not have been conducted without frequent references to the picket line, automobiles parked bumper to bumper, the desire of some employes to work and their restraint by the pickets and barricade. Resentment in the community was evidently “running high.” If ever there was a time, more than another, when judicial officers should have been zealous in maintaining a judicial atmosphere it was when a jury trial was held in such a setting. There is a striking parallel between this situation and the one described in August v. United States (1918), C. C. A. 8th, 257 F. 388. This also was a trial in wartime. August was accused of offering a bribe to a member of a draft board to escape military service. Without objection he was berated by the prosecuting attorney in his opening statement as Blue and his associates were villified in the closing argument. In reversing the judgment of the conviction the court said: “The case was tried on March 5, 6, 7, and 8,1918. On these dates it was not necessary to inflame the passions of jurors by talking about the enemies of our country, rather was it a time to caution jurors against allowing their prejudices and patriotism from swaying their judgment. But the Assistant United States Attorney so far transcended his duty as a prosecuting officer that we are clearly of the opinion that the conviction of the defendant ought not to stand. The language used speaks for itself. It must have produced a situation in the minds of the jurors that destroyed a calm consideration of the rights of the defendant. The United States cannot afford to convict her citizens in this manner.” Nor can Indiana. If ever the credibility of appellant’s witnesses was the concern of the prosecuting attorney, it ceased to be when he reached his peroration. They were traitors. Foes of the United States. They had endangered the lives of patriots sons and daughters of America and his own son who was “over there.” The issue was no longer: Is appellant guilty of assault and battery and, if so, how severely shall he be punished? Far from it. He was trying appellant, his witnesses and the union to which they belong for conspiring “to shut down our war effort and stop our war production.” For this he asked the jury to give “this fellow the limit of the law.” It did. No one can say his argument was not responsible for the verdict. The war is over. It should be possible now to try appellant “in an atmosphere of judicial calm.” State v. Gossett, supra. He is not likely to escape conviction and punishment, perhaps as great as that meted out by the former jury. But it should come at the end of a fair and impartial trial. This is his right. But above his right I place the trial court’s duty to give him a fair trial. For its failure to perform that duty this court should reverse the judgment and order a new trial. Martin v. State, supra. Note.—Reported in 67 N. E. (2d) 377.	CASELAW
User:Yosoemon Hello, I'm Yosoemon. My interests include the history and culture of Japan, and the history of Japanese aviation. Currently working on translating content on the YS-11, and soon hoping to start translations of the many Japanese aircraft designers who do not have English pages: https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A9%9F%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E8%80%85 First one's done! Just waiting on review: https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%8E%9F%E5%BA%B7%E5%BD%A6 Finished number two! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:Ujihiro_Iga	WIKI
Pyawbwe, Myittha Township Pyawbwe is a village in Kyaukse District of the Mandalay Division in central Myanmar.	WIKI
United Nations Security Council Resolution 227 United Nations Security Council Resolution 227 was adopted by the United Nations Security Council on October 28, 1966 in a closed meeting. The Council recommended that the General Assembly extend the appointment of U Thant as Secretary-General until the end of the 21st regular session of the General Assembly.	WIKI
Gigliola Cinquetti Gigliola Cinquetti (born Giliola Cinquetti on 20 December 1947) is an Italian singer, songwriter and television presenter. Life and career Gigliola Cinquetti was born into a wealthy family in Verona, Italy. From the ages of 9 to 13, she studied and took piano lessons, taking exams in music theory. She loves painting and art. Her career as a professional singer began when she was 16. At the age of 16, she won the Sanremo Music Festival in 1964 singing "Non ho l'età" ("I'm not old enough"), with music composed by Mario Panzeri and lyrics by Nicola Salerno. Her win enabled her to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 1964 in Copenhagen with the same song, where she claimed her country's first ever victory in the event. Cinquetti became the youngest winner of the contest, aged 16 years and 92 days. Only one younger artist has triumphed since: Sandra Kim in 1986. The song became an international success, even spending 17 weeks in the UK singles chart and ending the year as the 88th best-selling single in the U.K. in 1964, something highly unusual for Italian-language material. It sold over three million copies, and was awarded a platinum disc in August 1964. In 1966, she recorded "Dio, come ti amo" ("God, How I Love You"), which became another international hit. One of her other songs, "Alle porte del sole" (released in 1973), was re-recorded in both English (as "To the Door of the Sun") and Italian by Al Martino, two years after its initial release; "To the Door of the Sun" reached No. 17 on Billboard's Hot 100 in the United States. Cinquetti's own English version of the song was released as a single by CBS Records in August 1974, with her original 1973 Italian version on the B-side. Cinquetti returned in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974, held in Brighton, where she again represented Italy. Performing the song "Sì" ("Yes"), the music and lyrics of which were written by Mario Panzeri, Daniele Pace, Lorenzo Pilat and Carrado Conti, she came second with 18 points after "Waterloo", sung by Sweden's ABBA, who won with 24 points. The live telecast of her song was banned in her home country by the Italian national broadcaster RAI, as the event partially coincided with the campaigning for the 1974 Italian divorce referendum which was to be held a month later in May. RAI censored the song because of concerns that the name and lyrics of the song (which constantly repeated the word 'Sì') could be accused of being a subliminal message and a form of propaganda to influence the Italian voting public to vote 'Yes' in the referendum. The song remained censored on most Italian state TV and radio stations for over a month. Cinquetti later recorded versions of the song in English ("Go (Before You Break My Heart)"), French ("Lui"), German ("Ja") and Spanish ("Sí"). The English-language version reached number 8 in the UK singles chart in June 1974. She graduated from the art school of Salerno, also obtaining the qualification to teach. She married Luciano Teodori in 1979, and they have two children together – Giovanni and Costantino. She has a sister named Rosabianca. Her parents are Luigi and Sara. In the 1990s, Cinquetti became a professional journalist and TV presenter and among others she hosted the current affairs programme Italia Rai on RAI International. She later co-hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 1991 with Toto Cutugno, who had brought the event to Italy with his victory in Zagreb the previous year – the country's first win in the contest since her own twenty-six years earlier. In 2008, Cinquetti received an award as a tribute to her career in Italy and around the world. She published an autobiography in 2014. Cinquetti returned to the Eurovision stage to perform "Non ho l'età" as an interval act during the final of the in Turin. Sanremo performances In the following occasions, Gigliola Cinquetti performed at the Sanremo Music Festival: * 1964: "Non ho l'età (per amarti)" – with Patricia Carli * 1965: "Ho bisogno di vederti" – with Connie Francis * 1966: "Dio come ti amo" – with Domenico Modugno * 1968: "Sera" – with Giuliana Valci * 1969: "La pioggia" – with France Gall * 1970: "Romantico blues" with Bobby Solo * 1971: "Rose nel buio" – with Ray Conniff * 1972: "Gira l'amore (Caro bebè)" * 1973: "Mistero" * 1985: "Chiamalo amore"' * 1989: "Ciao" * 1995: "Giovane vecchio cuore" Studio albums * Gigliola Cinquetti (1964) * La rosa nera (1967) * Gigliola per i più piccini (1967) * L'orage (1969) * Il treno dell'amore (1969) * Cantando con gli amici (1971) * ... E io le canto così (1972) * Fidèlement votre... (1972) * Su e giù per le montagne (1972) * Stasera ballo liscio (1973) * Bonjour Paris (1974) * Auf der Strasse der Sonne (1974) * Go (Before You Break My Heart) (1974) * Gigliola e la banda (1975) * Pensieri di donna (1978) * Il portoballo (1982) * Tuttintorno (1991) * Giovane vecchio cuore (1995) * I successi (1999) * 20.12 (2016)	WIKI
Elmer Otto Friday Elmer Otto Friday Jr. (February 23, 1924 – January 20, 2006) was an American judge and politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Florida Senate, representing the 24th and 34th districts. Friday was born Polk County, Florida, he is the son of Mayo Yates and Elmer Otto Friday Sr. His father died at the age of 67. Friday attended Port Charlotte High School. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. He attended the University of Oklahoma, where he played American football as left tackle. He then attended the University of Florida, where he earned his law degree. Friday served as a judge in Florida from 1950 to 1961. The following year, Friday was elected to represent the 24th district of the Florida Senate. He served until 1966 before being elected to represent the 34th district of the Florida Senate. He served until 1970. In the same year, Friday served as the secretary of the Florida Senate, serving until 1974. Afterwards, he served as a circuit judge in South West Florida until retirement. Friday died in January 2006, at the age of 81.	WIKI
Respirator Fit Testing FAQ What is an N95 Respirator • A device that has met legislated standards and has been designated to protect the wearer from respiratory hazards in the workplace. • Approved for use by NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in the U.S.). • Is fluid resistant, disposable and may be worn in surgery. The “N” means “not resistant to oil” and the “95" refers to the filter efficiency • A surgical mask is not a respirator • Respirators with an exhalation valve cannot be used for sterile procedures When do I need to wear an N95 respirator? Why do I need to be fit tested • To provide the respirator user with instructions on how to properly fit a respirator to your face and the importance of achieving a suitable seal, thus ensuring that you are properly protected. Can I be fit tested if I have a beard? • No. A beard will interfere with the ability to get a good seal. Respirator wearers must be clean-shaven where the respirator seals to the face. If a respirator wearer is required to wear the respirator during the course of their duties then they must continue to be clean-shaven after passing the fit test. What happens if I can't be fit tested? • If you are unable to attain a proper seal with any of the available respirators, you may be assessed by an outside agency in an effort to find protective gear that will fit or be evaluated for accommodation. When should fit testing be repeated? • Every two years • When a satisfactory fit test has not been achieved • A change in one's physical condition such as obvious weight gain/loss or there is a change in facial features or there is a change in medical condition. Other information related to Respirator Usage For more information please contact: Michelle Banks Manager, Health and Wellness (705) 474-3450 ext. 4811	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
-- Australia & New Zealand Daybook: N.Z. Immigration, Consumer Confidence An overview of activity since markets closed in Sydney and a preview of the day ahead. --------------Markets Overview (6.30 a.m. Sydney)--------------- EQUITIES SPI 200 FUTURES 4663 +31 S&P/ASX 200 4624.90 -30.80 NZX 50 INDEX 3243.01 -14.92 DOW JONES INDUS. AVG 11140.43 +161.81 NIKKEI 225 9381.60 -157.85 NASDAQ COMPOSITE INDEX 2465.65 +28.70 FTSE 100 INDEX 5728.93 +25.04 S&P 500 INDEX 1181.86 +15.96 HANG SENG INDEX 23556.50 -207.23 REUTERS/JEFFERIES CRB INDEX 299.00 +6.02 BONDS (YIELD) AU 10 YR BOND 5.118 -.020 US 10 YR BOND 2.48 .00 NZ 10 YR BOND 5.076 -.009 US 30 YR BOND 3.89 -.03 CURRENCIES AUD/USD 0.9873 NZD/USD 0.7555 EUR/USD 1.3959 JPY/USD 81.15 AUD/EUR 0.7073 GBP/AUD 1.6043 AUD/JPY 80.12 COMMODITIES SPOT GOLD 1345.80 +13.75 COMEX GOLD 1346.00 +10.00 SPOT SILVER 23.8875 +.5225 NYMEX CRUDE 81.77 +2.28 --------------------------------------------------------------- Market action since Sydney’s end of day: EQUITIES New York: U.S. stocks advanced, with benchmark indexes rallying the most in two weeks, on higher-than-estimated results at Boeing Co. and Yahoo! Inc. and speculation the Federal Reserve will inject more money into the economy. Boeing climbed 3.8 percent after also raising its full-year earnings projections. Yahoo! rose 3.3 percent after third-quarter profit beat analysts’ estimates. The S&P 500 rose 1.3 percent to 1,181.18 at 3:21 p.m. in New York. London: European stocks advanced as companies from PSA Peugeot Citroen to BASF SE reported earnings that beat analysts’ estimates, offsetting a decline in Home Retail Group Plc Peugeot climbed 0.9 percent as the carmaker said quarterly revenue grew and raised its full-year outlook. BASF rose 2.6 percent after the world’s biggest chemicals maker said recovering markets helped lift its third-quarter profit beyond analysts’ estimates. Home Retail dropped 2.4 percent after reporting a decrease in first-half profit. The Stoxx 600 Index added 0.3 percent to 266.13 as of 4:30 p.m. in London after swinging between gains and losses at least nine times. Tokyo: Japanese stocks fell, dragging down the Nikkei 225 Stock Average by the most in a week, after China unexpectedly raised interest rates to curb inflation in the world’s fastest-growing major economy. Mitsui & Co., a trading company that counts commodities as its biggest source of profit, sank 2.7 percent. Inpex Corp., Japan’s largest oil and gas explorer, dropped 3.4 percent after oil and metal prices tumbled. The Nikkei 225 Stock Average fell 1.7 percent to 9,381.60 at the close in Tokyo, the biggest drop since Oct. 12. The broader Topix lost 1.2 percent to 823.69. Sydney/Wellington: Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 Index lost 0.7 percent to 4,624.90 at the 4:10 p.m. close of trading in Sydney. New Zealand’s NZX 50 Index slipped 0.5 percent to 3,243.01 at the 5 p.m. close in Wellington. FOREIGN EXCHANGE New York: The dollar dropped to a 15-year low against the yen and the most versus the euro since July as a Federal Reserve regional survey showed the economy expanded in September at a “modest pace.” The dollar fell 0.6 percent to 81.07 yen at 2:30 p.m. in New York after declining to 80.85, the lowest since April 1995. The dollar slid 1.7 percent to $1.3967 per euro after falling 1.9 percent in the biggest intraday drop since July 1. TREASURIES New York: Treasuries remained higher after the Federal Reserve’s Beige Book regional survey said the U.S. economy expanded at a “modest pace” in September and early October with little sign of accelerating, spurring speculation the central bank will increase quantitative easing. Ninety percent of respondents to a Citigroup Inc. survey said they expected the Fed to announce bond buys, a tactic called quantitative easing, at its Nov. 2-3 meeting. Thirty-year bond yields fell three basis points, or 0.03 percentage point, to 3.89 percent at 2:27 p.m. in New York, according to BGCantor Market Data. It slid as low as 3.87 percent. COMMODITIES GOLD New York: Gold rebounded as the dollar resumed a slide, boosting demand for the precious metal as an alternative investment. Gold futures for December delivery rose $8.20, or 0.6 percent, to settle at $1,344.20 at 1:52 p.m. on the Comex in New York. The metal has gained 23 percent this year, reaching a record $1,388.10 an ounce on Oct. 14. METALS New York: Copper prices rose, rebounding from the biggest drop in three months, as the dollar resumed a slide, enhancing the appeal of commodities as alternative investments. Copper futures for December delivery rose 3.6 cents, or 1 percent, to settle at $3.7935 a pound at 1:20 p.m. on the Comex in New York. OIL New York: Crude oil climbed the most in five weeks as the dollar tumbled to a 15-year low against the yen and a government report showed a smaller-than-forecast U.S. stockpile gain. An Energy Department report showed that supplies rose 667,000 barrels last week, less than half the projection in a Bloomberg News survey. Crude oil for November delivery rose $2.28, or 2.9 percent, to settle at $81.77 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange. It was the biggest gain since Sept. 10. STOCKS TO WATCH: Stocks that may see unusual gains or losses following news after the close yesterday: Accident Compensation Corp. called for the removal of the management company of AMP NZ Office Trust, citing poor performance and high fees. Air New Zealand Ltd. is a focus of a U.S. Justice Department investigation into alleged price fixing by air cargo companies, according to court papers. Canada’s opposition Liberals called on Prime Minister Stephen Harper to reject BHP Billiton Ltd.’s $40 billion hostile takeover of Potash Corp. of Saskatchewan Inc. WHAT TO WATCH Santos Ltd. reports third-quarter sales New Zealand net migration figures for September at 10:45 a.m. in Wellington. New Zealand consumer confidence index published by ANZ National Bank at 3 p.m. in Wellington. AGL Energy Ltd. holds annual shareholders meeting at 10:30 a.m. in Sydney. ANALYST RATINGS: Upgrades, downgrades, new coverage Pike River Coal Ltd Raised to ‘Buy’ at Deutsche Bank Tourism Holdings Cut to ‘Underperform’ at Macquarie *OZ Minerals Cut at E.L. & C. Baillieu Stockbroking Ltd To contact the editor responsible for this story: Tracy Withers at twithers@bloomberg.net	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
User:Tejadeeki Are you ready to excel in the field of Data Science? Our Data Science Online Training offers the perfect blend of theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Designed for both beginners and professionals, our online courses and online classes are tailored to help you master the essential concepts and advanced techniques of Data Science.	WIKI
10.6084/m9.figshare.1107924.v2 Rémi Perronne Sabrina Gaba Emilie Cadet Valérie Le Corre The interspecific and intraspecific variation of functional traits in weeds: diversified ecological strategies within arable fields 2014 Taylor & Francis Group strategy leaf area intraspecific variation canopy height field margin weed species richness crop edge fields Arable weeds field core area 2014-09-23 15:07:52 article https://tandf.figshare.com/articles/The_interspecific_and_intraspecific_variation_of_functional_traits_in_weeds_diversified_ecological_strategies_within_arable_fields/1107924 <div><p></p><p>Arable weeds are a key component of the biodiversity of agroecosystems, but have faced a marked decline due to agricultural intensification. Recently, the crop edge has been considered as a potential refugia for many species. Indeed, weed species richness and abundance are higher in the crop edge than in the field margin and the field core. In this study we question whether weed functional diversity also varies among field elements and whether it is higher in the crop edge. We studied the interspecific and intraspecific variation of three functional traits (specific leaf area, canopy height and above-ground biomass) related to the response of weeds to competition and to agricultural practices, for seven weed species sampled in the crop edge, the field margin and the field core area in four winter-wheat fields. We show that trait values varied significantly with the species, the field element and their interaction. Within the field, all species had high specific leaf area, low canopy height and biomass, suggesting a shade-tolerance syndrome that could be a strategy in response to both competition with the crop and the disturbances induced by agricultural practices. In the crop edge, where the functional variation was the highest, two distinct functional strategies were observed, suggesting a resource partitioning under the predominance of weed–weed competition. In conclusion, the crop edge plays a key role in sustaining weed diversity, mostly because of its intermediate environmental properties that allow the coexistence of weeds with different ecological strategies.</p></div>	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Schiff presses intel leaders for details on how Chinese woman gained unauthorized access to Mar-a-Lago \| TheHill The head of the House Intelligence Committee is pressing top U.S. intelligence officials to provide information on the arrest of a Chinese woman who reportedly gained unauthorized entry to Mar-a-Lago while carrying two passports and a thumb drive containing malicious software. Rep. Adam SchiffAdam Bennett SchiffAre Democrats turning Trump-like? Schiff offers bill to make domestic terrorism a federal crime New intel chief inherits host of challenges MORE (D-Calif.) on Wednesday wrote a letter to FBI Director Christopher Wray, Director of National Intelligence Dan CoatsDaniel (Dan) Ray Coats11 Essential reads you missed this week Trump crosses new line with Omar, Tlaib, Israel move Hillicon Valley: Deepfakes pose 2020 test for media \| States beg Congress for more election security funds \| Experts worry campaigns falling short on cybersecurity \| Trump officials urge reauthorization of NSA surveillance program MORE and Secret Service Director Randolph Alles asking for more information about Yujing Zhang's entry into President TrumpDonald John TrumpFacebook releases audit on conservative bias claims Harry Reid: 'Decriminalizing border crossings is not something that should be at the top of the list' Recessions happen when presidents overlook key problems MORE's resort in Palm Beach, Florida, according to a copy obtained by The Hill. "The incident with Ms. Zhang raises grave counterintelligence and other concerns," Schiff wrote to the three intelligence leaders, pointing to press reports. "Access to the club could allow agents of foreign governments to collect valuable information on those with access to President Trump or conduct any of several other intelligence collection or influence operations," he added. Schiff raised a series of questions in his letter, including whether the FBI has more information on the matter than public reports, whether Zhang has ties to the Chinese government, whether the intelligence community knows about attempts to conduct influence operations using the access to the property, whether hostile nation-states are using Trump's businesses as a pathway to get close to individuals in the president's inner circle, how the intelligence agencies are screening people entering Mar-a-Lago and how they are protecting classified information reviewed at the club, among others. His letter comes after prosecutors claimed Zhang gave a series of conflicting explanations for why she was trying to gain entry into Mar-a-Lago, first claiming she wanted to use the pool and then later telling a receptionist she was there for a meeting of the United Nations Chinese American Association. Zhang at times did not provide answers, but she was initially let onto the property because she shares the same last name as someone who is a member of the exclusive club. "Due to a potential language barrier issue, Mar-a-Lago believed her to be the relative of member Zhang and allowed her access onto the property," according to court documents. A Secret Service agent, during questioning, found that she could converse in English and notified her that she has "unlawfully gained access onto the protected grounds," according to the document filed in court. "During this interview, Zhang then became verbally aggressive with agents and she was detained and transported back to the United States Secret Service - West Palm Beach Resident Office," the court files say. Federal authorities are now probing whether Chinese intelligence services have targeted Trump by attempting to gain access to Mar-a-Lago, the Miami Herald reported Wednesday. These same authorities are also reportedly investigating Li "Cindy" Yang, a Florida-based entrepreneur who came under scrutiny after New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft was charged with allegedly soliciting prostitution at a massage parlor that she founded. Yang has promoted events at the the president's club in an effort to get Chinese executives access to Trump, according to reports. Following news of Zhang’s arrest, Senate Democrats have also pressed the FBI to investigate possible security vulnerabilities at Trump-owned properties. Trump on Wednesday said he is "not concerned" about security at his Florida property after the incident with Zhang, calling it a "fluke." View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 \| 202-628-8500 tel \| 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Josh Kennet Joshua Simon Kennet (born 27 September 1987) is an English-Israeli footballer currently with London Lions. Early and personal life Kennet is Jewish, and was born to a Jewish family in Camden, England. His father Eilon was born in Israel, and manages London Maccabi Lions A. Josh grew up in North London, and attended Jewish Free School (JFS) in Kingsbury. He showed early signs of ability in most sports particularly in football. He represented London schools in football and athletics. Kennet's brother, Ricky, plays for London Lions and represented the United Kingdom at the 2007 European Maccabiah Games in Rome, Italy. Kennet has also become an Israeli citizen. Playing career After spells at Millwall and Tottenham Hotspur from the age of 14 to 16, Kennet signed a 2-year YTS contract with Oxford United. From the age of 16 Kennet was a regular in the reserve side for the following two years. Throughout this period Kennet captained the youth side. He was then given his first professional contract at the age of 18 by manager Darren Patterson. On 1 January 2007 Kennet made his league debut for Oxford against Exeter City. After the arrival of Jim Smith, opportunities in the first team were few and far between and Kennet spent most of his time on the bench and playing for the reserves. Kennet then joined neighbouring team Didcot Town on loan. In 2007, Kennet signed a 3-year contract for Israeli premier league club Maccabi Herzliya after impressing during a two-week trial. On 3 October 2008 Kennet was named to a preliminary list of 23 players to represent the United Kingdom at the 2009 Maccabiah Games. He played for the United Kingdom in Israel at the 2013 Maccabiah Games, and at the 2017 Maccabiah Games, winning a silver medal.	WIKI
Another resignation comes in Christie administration over bridge scandal – CNN Political Ticker - CNN.com Blogs Updated 3:23 p.m. ET, 12/13/2013 (CNN) – New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie announced Friday the resignation of New Jersey's top Port Authority official Bill Baroni, as controversy swirls regarding allegations that politics played a role in a traffic study that closed several access lanes to the George Washington Bridge–one of the busiest in the world–in September. Christie said Baroni accepted responsibility for not following the right protocols in approving the traffic study, which was led by a political appointee of Christie, David Wildstein. The lane closures caused major traffic delays on the bridge, which runs from Fort Lee, New Jersey, to New York City, and is part of Interstate 95.Follow @politicalticker Mistakes are made and when mistakes are made people have to be held accountable for them, the Republican governor and potential presidential candidate said at a press conference. The Port Authority, which is run jointly by New Jersey and New York, oversees the tunnels, bridges and seaports between the two states, as well as the metropolitan area's airports. Port Authority officials testified before the New Jersey state legislature Tuesday that the closures were done at the direction of Wildstein and approved by Baroni. The administration said the closures were for a traffic study, but Port Authority officials said they were not aware of the study. Wildstein announced last week that he would resign over the controversy, saying the issue had become a distraction. Critics of the governor speculated the lane closures were an act of political retribution against the mayor of Fort Lee for not endorsing Christie in his re-election campaign this year. Christie said Friday the political drama surrounding the issue was created and manufactured, further characterizing it as a whole lot of hullabaloo. The governor said that Wildstein had been talking about doing the traffic study since the fall of 2010, long before Christie's re-election bid. He also said he didn't even know about the closure of the lanes until long after the incident occurred, and stated he doesn't know the mayor of Fort Lee, nor does he remember meeting him. I don't have any recollection of ever having met the mayor of Fort Lee in my four years, Christie said. He was not somebody that was on my radar screen in any way–politically, professionally, or in any other way–until these stories came out in the aftermath of the closing. With Christie being a possible frontrunner in the 2016 GOP presidential contest, national Democratic groups have made hay out of the controversy, releasing videos and websites slamming the governor over the issue. The Democratic National Committee, for example, released a nearly two-minute web video Friday morning featuring media reports about the controversy. But Christie said that's to be expected. National Democrats will make an issue about everything about me, so get used to the new world, everybody, he said. We're not in Kansas anymore Dorothy, that's the way it goes. As the chief executive of the state, Christie conceded that he takes ultimate responsibility for both failures and successes in New Jersey. I am ultimately responsible for every person that I put into this government and the actions they take. That's different, obviously, than direct responsibility. But ultimate responsibility? Sure. I understand that, he said. When things go well, you get credit sometimes for things that you don't really deserve the compete credit for, he continued. And when things go poorly, sometimes you get blamed for things that you don't completely deserve blame for. But that's the nature of this job, I got broad shoulders, I'm fine.– CNN's Paul Steinhauser, Dana Davidsen and Tim McCaughan contributed to this report. Christie threw Baroni under the bus. This is who the GOP wants for President? He isn't all that great a Governor. this is what a true leader looks like america!!! contrast this with the obamacare rollout disaster. nobody held accountable. benghazi? peopl epromoted, except for the one guy that tried to help, he was demoted. Feeling the heat coming on Krispy Chris? Your boys are dropping like fly's. We know this leads back to you. Created & manufactured my butt. This was orchestrated by people within your administration. I see you used the famous phrase I don't have any recollection. Often when that phrase is used, it's either because you will incriminate yourself or your lying. Nothing new to these morale lacking GOP guys, bridge scandal, loots, cheats, wars, Haliburtons, Iran contra affairs, death panels etc. They fit, I doubt that too, for WH kitchen. Yes, Hillary16. Christie please keep your style of doing business in New Jersey because we don't want or need it in Washington.Thank you. You think Chris Christie is squeaky clean?...you gotta be kidding me! Follow the money folks....this guy is all talk and blusters but no substance!!! Oops. Looks as if bridge-gate made it to the big leagues. For his sake, I hope he handles this better than Tim Pawlenty handled our bridge-gate episode as it played out here in Minnesota. And before he was pretending that it wasn'r a real problem and this wan't a big deal....oops! He [Gov. Christie] also said he didn't even know about the closure of the lanes until long after the incident occurred, and stated he's never had contact with the mayor of Fort Lee.---------------------Long after the incidient occurred? Are you kidding me? First of all, it would be more accurate to say incidents, plural. It snarled up traffic for days and weeks. It as a major news story on every television station, except for the PBS stations. You couldn't hear a traffic report without hearing about the traffic snarl ups. Hey, Margo, I think we've got a fibber on the line. OMG Christie is in trouble. smith @Tom P- So as long as were doing something, even if has no effect on the problem it is the right thing to do. That is plain stupid. You have no solution because there isn`t one. Your agenda on this matter is purely political.**********************It would seem as though you don't believe its worth the effort to save lives. I guess your definition of being a cosnervative is to not give a damn. BTW, its only your perception that the laws are ineffective. Theya re only as good as the will to enforce them, and clearly, the Right has no interest in enforcing existing laws regarding guns. Tell me, how many people need to die the next time out for you change your mind, or is that something you conveniently skip over? I'm a Progressive and I have no issue with this at all. My only question is that 4 years in office and Governor Doughnut has never met nor spoken to the Mayor of Fort Lee? Hmmm..... my advice to the right wing – you'd better run Christy – or send reince prebus the go ahead to run Christy.....If you don't, it will be like Romney trying to win the POTUS Job....( btw – this is coming from an Independent) IF you guys end up giving cruz the final 'nod' – not only you will be in trouble – but look for a 3rd party to come in this time – probably most likely no matter who the republican nominee is. The so called 3rd party is people – IF you do your History people like ross perot / ralph nader / gary Johnson & a host of others . . . .One of these days, the 3rd party candidates are going to be the ones who will be the tipping point in an election. For instance, the wrestler in Minnesota ened up being governor, because nobody liked the other guy This guy has been a lousy Governor from day one. He's brash and he's emotional. He is a bully. People think this makes for a good President? I don't. Another Republican-inspired Bridge to nowhere... just saying this is what a true leader looks like america!!! contrast---------------–Try this. Do a web search for Chris Christie new helicopter , and check out the pictures that come up. You should find several that will give a sneak peek at what Christie would look like stepping on and off Marine One, the POTUS' helicopter. One of Christie's first act as governor was to purchase himself a new, state of the art helicopter. He bought a model that looks almost identical to Marine One. BTW, if you see a lot atuff about Christie using the helicopter to attend his kid's soccer games and what not, just ignore it. Okay? Democrats trying to make some traffic lane closures a big deal??? Talk about the definition of desperation!!Democrats, the party of smoke and mirrors marches on.... Let me get this straight. The governor of a state never had any contact with the mayor of one of the cities in his state because he wasn't on the radar politically, professionally or in any other way. And the GOP - the Get Obama Party - is eyeing this man for the next Presidential race. Well, take a close look, America - the only thing fatter than Christie's body is his head. Or maybe his big mouth. At any rate, we need to ask ourselves if this Roscoe Arbuckle of New Jersey politics is the man we want running our country. MY answer is a resounding NO! The drip,drip on Christie begins. Can't wait to see the GOBP stuff Jeb Bush down the tea potty's throats 2012 Mitt the twit style. Really?! Really?! this is the best the libs can should at? Bengazi, Obamacare rollout nightmare, nosediving poll numbers, selfie pics during Mandela's memorial...nothing from the lib-tards about our national disgrace of a president. But some nonsense about closing a lane on the GW bridge, and they jump all over this?!?!?! Wow, pathetics. Cut the guy a break. Who could have predicted lane closures would have resulted in traffic delays? Bridgegate? What about selfie-gate? Or dropping poll numbers-gate? Or wait, i can't-tell-the-truth gate? Now those are stories. How many resignations have we seen from the Obama sinking ship over the past several months, over REAL issues? How is it possible Christie has never met the mayor of Ft Lee? Really? I find it hard to believe for such a small state as NJ. Sara Palin is friends with all the eskimos and indigenous folks in AK that are busy watching Putin. HAHAHAHAHA Christie takes action and is accused of throwing Baroni under the bus for some traffic delays, while Obama defends Sebelius who rolled out the ACA website debacle because Sebelius didn't throw Obama under the bus.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Archive for April 27, 2016 Easiest Solution to Cope with Website Design We all know how the design of the blog will determine the quality of the blog itself. Yes, indeed, it is really true. If your blog has nice design and it’s also really convenient for the visitors to navigate and spend some time browsing the blog, without any doubt, your blog is going to be successful. Alright, now that you have known about this thing, it is the time to beautify your blog, right? However, how can you do it? To cope with website design is not a common thing which can be done by any people. It demands specific skills and that’s why website design isn’t a simple thing. So, what can be done if you are not capable of dealing with website design? The best and easiest way to handle such matter is to get professional wordpress themes. Yes, this is definitely the most logical solution as you only need to get the themes, install them, and everything is done. As you can see, there are so many themes that you can get. And there are so many sources where you can get them. For instance, you can expect to get the themes from WpThemeBlog.com. After you have visited that website, you can start choosing which themes are going to be so suitable with your desire and also the niche of your website. The installation process is also easy to be done. You will see how things can be solved right away and you don’t need to worry at all about the efforts in coping with the design of your website anymore. What about the prices of the themes? Indeed, the prices are quite various. The more complicated the themes get, normally, the prices are also going to be more expensive. However, you should notice that it’s totally worthy to spend such money as you will improve the quality of your website and then start making more money. Technology Flyboard® Air Flyboard® Air Remember you will Hoverboard? Skateboard without wheels that floated above the ground? Or also Water Flyboard, other extreme sports. Not yet old extreme sport is booming, there are already competitors are even crazier. Introduce Flyboard Air, a new extreme sport which is currently still in the testing phase. Air Flyboard if observed at a glance may work similar to Water Flyboard. But you need to know that Flyboard water use turbojet engine to produce lift that is great. If Water Flyboard very limited with the water suction hose length, then Flyboard Water may only be limited by one thing, the courage of the riders. Yes, the flying apparatus is claimed to be able to fly up to 10,000 feet or the equivalent of more than 3,000 meters! The use of a jet engine makes Flyboard Air works similar to an airplane. Needed space for the fuel, combustion air, and that certainly is the stability of the rider. It appears also sport this new tool more widely used on the surface of the water, I suspect this was done because the hot air in the combustion engine Flyboard jet is definitely more secure if it is disposed on the surface of the water rather than on land. I hope this article is helpful for you Technology Development of Biological Pacemaker Technology Development of Biological Pacemaker The pacemaker is one of the emergency safety equipment. While this tool is very reliable for any emergency medical condition but this tool does have some limitations, including the failure of its parts and the risk of infection by viruses that come from the patient’sbody. Pacemakers must also undergo regular checking process and must be replaced periodically.Based on the background of this issue, a group of scientists trying to create a biological pacemaker that is expected to replace the electronic pacemaker role in the future. One of the researchers, the biological pacemaker consists of electrically active cells that can be functionally integrated with the heart and give a naturalheart rate without requiring the presence of foreigners in the heart of the hardware.Theoretically, the approach to create a biological pacemaker is to transform stem cells into a special pacemaker commonly found in the sinoatrial node of the heart.Cells specialized pacemaker successfully created will then be transplanted into the patient’s heart to restore a normal heartbeat function. Another approach that can be used is by changing other cells in the heart, such as cells in the fibroblasts (connective tissue of the heart) and turn them into pacemaker cells. So far the research is still tested on animals but has not really produced anything considered to be applied in human clinical therapy. Researchers still need to understand the mechanisms of control and maintenance of pacemaker cells that have been produced.In addition, the researchers found it necessary to develop a method of cell transplantation pacemaker in certain parts of the heart. Biological pacemaker should really be prepared in such a way with the higheststandards. Due to the failure of the pacemaker even for a moment can be very harmful to the patient’s life. Hopefully this article can be an inspiration to you.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
How is the complete blood count test (CBC) done? - Complete Blood Count (CBC): Get the Facts About This Test Complete Blood Count (CBC) How is the complete blood count test (CBC) done? The complete blood count (CBC) test is performed by obtaining a few milliliters (one to two teaspoons) of blood sample directly form the patient. It can be done in many settings including the doctor's office, laboratories, and hospitals. The skin is wiped clean with an alcohol pad, and a needle is inserted through the area of cleansed skin into to patient's vein (one that can be visualized from the skin.) The blood is pulled from the needle by a syringe or by a connection to a special vacuumed vial where it is collected. This sample is taken to the laboratory for analysis. Continue Reading 3/7 Reviewed on 1/24/2014 Abdominal Pain Pictures Slideshow: Causes, Symptoms and Diagnosis STAY INFORMED Get the Latest health and medical information delivered direct to your inbox!	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Hair Loss How To Treat Bledsoe Cochran TX Searching a dependable hair restoration surgeon in Bledsoe Cochran county in Texas? You've come to the right place. Hair loss is generally quite challenging to handle and a lot of people feel that it's a devastating difference in their life once the hair actually starts to fall. In this era whenever we focus considerably on appearance it's undoubtedly in order that baldness can be an rising dilemma for more plus more women and men. Cochran county in Texas One of the main and possible causes of women hairloss is insufficient balanced diet. For a healthy hair, proper nutrition can not be overlooked the slightest bit. Just as you realize or, at the very least, have often heard, healthy eating habit is essential in your overall wellbeing. In the same way, nice hair needs good foods that can supply it with essential vitamins for growth. Nowadays, women have got to crash diet inside the run to get a "size zero" figure, nevertheless they forget that in this process, they miss out on all of the vital nutrients which are required for their own health as well as the development of beautiful natural hair. Beside the above mention shampoo types, they're also categorized in various pH level. Due to the chemicals utilized in the shampoos, shampoos are often more alkaline as the name indicated which will cause our hair to only tangle. Therefore, manufacturers have produces acidic and pH balanced shampoo types to counter this after use effect. Lavender stimulates the flow of blood in the scalp. When applied to the scalp, lavender oil pulls blood towards the scalp which can directly stimulate growth of hair. Blood flow is very important to growing healthful hair. When applying oils to the scalp, it can be good for hang your head below your heart to increase blood flow towards the scalp. * Psychologically based trauma could happen as a result of change of circumstances at the workplace. Anything that affects your emotional well-being could affect your physical body at the same time. That includes flowing hair, and never having the capacity to deal with the psychological pressures the circumstances bring, might be shown as losing hair.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
How do I connect to a DB2 database in UNIX shell script? How do I run a DB2 query from a UNIX shell script? CREATE, INSERT, EXPORT, DROP and IMPORT 1. Logon as instance owner and make sure Db2 is up and running. 2. Save below as repro.sh and run “chmod 777 repro.sh” —————- #!/bin/sh. export DBNAME=db1. db2 -v “drop db $DBNAME” db2 -v “create db $DBNAME” db2 -v “connect to $DBNAME” … 3. Run “repro.sh” as instance owner. How do I connect Unix shell script to database? The first thing you have to do to connect to oracle database in unix machine is to install oracle database drivers on the unix box. Once you installed, test whether you are able to connect to the database from command prompt or not. If you are able to connect to the database, then everything is going fine. How do I connect to a local DB2 database? Connecting to your Db2 database 1. Collect database details and credentials. To connect to your database, you need database details (such as the host name), as well as credentials (such as a user ID and password). 2. Verify that a supported driver is installed. … 3. Configure your environment. … 4. Confirm ports are available. How do I remotely connect to a DB2 database? Steps 1. Log on to the application server with a valid DB2 user ID. 2. Start the DB2 command line processor. On Windows operating systems, issue the db2cmd command from a command prompt. … 3. Issue the following commands: … 4. Repeat the above steps on the reporting server: How do I log into db2 in Unix? DB2 binding and privileges for ODBC (UNIX) 1. From the DB2 command line processor, connect your DB2 database using the following syntax: db2=> CONNECT TO USER USING 2. Bind the MERANT SQL files to the database, using special options on the BIND command, based on your installation. What is db2 command? The Db2 command line processor is a program that runs under z/OS® UNIX System Services. You can use the Db2 command line processor to execute SQL statements, bind DBRMs that are stored in HFS files into packages, call stored procedures, and perform XML schema repository operations. How do you connect snowflakes in Unix? In this article 1. Using the CData ODBC Drivers on a UNIX/Linux Machine. Installing the Driver Manager. Installing the Driver. List the Registered Driver(s) List the Defined Data Source(s) … 2. Install pyodbc. 3. Connect to Snowflake Data in Python. 4. Execute SQL to Snowflake. Select. Insert. Update and Delete. Metadata Discovery. What is EOF in shell script? The EOF operator is used in many programming languages. This operator stands for the end of the file. … The “cat” command, followed by the file name, allows you to view the contents of any file in the Linux terminal. How does IBM DB2 connect to SSIS database? Create a New Connection Manager 1. In the Connection Manager window, right-click and then click New Connection. The Add SSIS Connection Manager dialog is displayed. 2. In the Connection Manager type menu, select DB2. The CData DB2 Connection Manager is displayed. 3. Configure connection properties. How do I catalog a DB2 database in Linux? To catalog a database on the client: 1. Log on to the system with a valid Db2 user ID. 2. Optional: Update the Your Value column in the Parameter values worksheet for cataloging a database. 3. If you are using the Db2 database on a Linux® or UNIX platform, set up the instance environment. … 4. Start the Db2 command line processor. How do I find my DB2 username and password? Check the DB2 user ID and password for the database and data source: 1. Click Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Data Sources (ODBC). 2. On the System DSN tab, select TEPS2 and click Configure. 3. Enter your user ID and password. … 4. To test the connection to the UDB database, click Connect. Like this post? Please share to your friends: OS Today	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
user1227914 user1227914 - 1 year ago 83 MySQL Question additional variable into php array output? I have the following script currently, which gets the category IDs as arrays: $sql_select_categories = $db->query("SELECT category_id FROM " . DB_PREFIX . "categories WHERE parent_id='" . intval($src_details['parent_id']) . "' ORDER BY order_id ASC, name ASC"); $additional_vars = set_filter_link($src_details, array('parent_id' => '', 'start' => ''), 'address'); while ($cat_details = $db->fetch_array($sql_select_categories)) { $cat_array[$cat_details['category_id']]["name"] = $category_lang[$cat_details['category_id']]; } if(is_array($cat_array)) { asort($cat_array); foreach($cat_array as $key => $value) { $subcat_link = basename($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']) . '?parent_id=' . $key . $additional_vars; $output .= '<tr> '. ' <td class="contentfont"> » <a href="' . $subcat_link . '">' . $category_lang[$key] . '</a></td> '. '</tr> '; } } return $output; This works perfectly, except I need to extract one more variable from the database which is called count . So the MySQL query will change from SELECT category_id FROM to SELECT category_id, count FROM So far so good, but how do I get it to then display each of the counts in the foreach ? I need them displayed in the HTML after $category_lang[$key] as something like $count . Answer Source Your $cat_details array will have another element that you can reference, which will be $cat_details['count']. You can then add that to your $cat_array like you do with that name element in the while loop. $cat_array[ $cat_details['category_id'] ]['count'] = $cat_details['count']; Make sense? Recommended from our users: Dynamic Network Monitoring from WhatsUp Gold from IPSwitch. Free Download	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Talk:Julian Assange/Archive 11 Awards Julian Assange was awarded The Economist's New Media Award in 2008. Why doesn't this appear in the section titled Awards? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:33, 2 April 2011 (UTC) * The Economist New Media Award was given to Wikileaks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:27, 2 April 2011 (UTC) Assange "getting down" on the dance floor Should we mention anything about the [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNqd4hW98sQ? viral video] showing him dancing in Reykjavik? Himetiny (talk) 08:18, 2 April 2011 (UTC) * I posed a link in the External links to the story on the daily mail, It got pulled within minutes. ("Facile" was the reasoning.) V7-sport (talk) 22:34, 4 April 2011 (UTC) * That is because it was facile. 'Viral videos' aren't valid Wikipedia topics. Stop wasting peoples' time with trivia. AndyTheGrump (talk) 22:48, 4 April 2011 (UTC) * If you really wanted to, you could try writing starting a whole article on "Julian Assange trivia" and see how quickly someone nominates it for deletion, but certainly it is too trivial to belong here. Gregcaletta (talk) 23:19, 4 April 2011 (UTC) * If the video were really "viral" enough to meet the notability criteria for its own article, then it would have its own article and still not be mentioned here. And I doubt it meets those criteria yet. Gregcaletta (talk) 23:22, 4 April 2011 (UTC) * Meh...That might take up someones time.... which is so valuable that it is devoted to this.V7-sport (talk) 23:31, 4 April 2011 (UTC) * Viral videos are really only notable here once they have been the focus of multiple reliable and independent sources. For now, we'll just have to sit back and wait for that story to grow into something encyclopedic (if it ever does). —Deckiller (t-c-l) 02:13, 6 April 2011 (UTC) * There's no debate to be had here -- unless someone needs a reference to the fact that Assange has danced at least one time in his life, that vid has no place in this article. (For the record, I must say I think I'd rather be Rickrolled than be subjected to that exceptionally dull video again!)JoelWhy (talk) 07:22, 6 April 2011 (UTC) Detailed Julian Assange interview. Add to main article as reference if deemed useful. A very good interview (IMHO) conducted by Hans Ulrich Obrist. It would be useful to add this interview as a reference when it talks about his life/political views/philosophy etc. if others agree? As an aside, I find the Wikipedia comments he makes in the interview to be quite interesting. I am sure this can also be referenced on the WikiLeaks article if one desires. When I see part 2 I will post it here as well. Cheers!Calaka (talk) 03:51, 7 May 2011 (UTC) * Feel free to be bold and do you it yourself. Find something in the interview that tells the reader something important about Assange that is not yet included in the article and just stick it in there, with the tags. * Hehe I will give it a go. I am always cautious with articles like this that could be controversial. Oh and (Wikipedia technical point): I had to remove the ~ above because it was coming up with my name when I previewed it (should have come up with your username?) but it must have been due to the ref tags not being in the no wiki code.Cheers!Calaka (talk) 10:04, 7 May 2011 (UTC) * And I didn't even link to it in my comment above. I think I need time out from the computer! . Cheers!Calaka (talk) 10:06, 7 May 2011 (UTC) Is speculation encyclopedic content? "Ellsberg said that the arrest of Bradley Manning and subsequent speculation by U.S. officials about what Assange may be about to publish "puts his well-being, his physical life, in some danger now."[69] In The Atlantic, Marc Ambinder called Ellsberg's concerns "ridiculous", and said that "Assange's tendency to believe that he is one step away from being thrown into a black hole hinders, and to some extent discredits, his work."[75] In Salon.com, Glenn Greenwald questioned "screeching media reports" that there was a "manhunt" on Assange underway, arguing that they were only based on comments by "anonymous government officials" and might even serve a campaign by the U.S. government, by intimidating possible whistleblowers."<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:06, 19 May 2011 (UTC) Assange innocent Anyways, ive never used this ....request thing before. But i would like to request that Julian Assanges wikipage be updated. As he is no longer under suspicion of having committed rape. The Swedish courts have let him free, dropped everything. If this could be noted on his wikipedia page. Its semi protected so i cant change it myself. But some else?`And since he done so much for the wiki community, its only fair that his name be cleared on wikipedia as well. Thats it, good day. Saintgerty (talk) 20:18, 2 June 2011 (UTC) * Have you got a link to a news item that states that he has been let off?Owain the 1st (talk) 20:39, 2 June 2011 (UTC) * yeah, you need to find a source that says he has been cleared of the charges and I'll happily include it. --Connelly90[AlbaGuBràth] (talk) 08:43, 3 June 2011 (UTC) * http://english.aljazeera.net/news/europe/2010/08/2010821153010551757.html link from AlJazeera says that saying that Eva Finne, Sweden's chief prosecutor had dropped the charges. Timothy Andux-Jones (talk) 15:18, 4 June 2011 (UTC) * That is from 2010.They did drop the charges back then but I believe that a new prosecutor reinstated them. As far as I know Assange has not had the charges dropped and is still fighting extradition from the UK, his case comes up in July. Owain the 1st (talk) 15:39, 4 June 2011 (UTC) Julian Assange Residency Why has such a large section devoted to Julian Assange's residency? Much of this may be trimmed down? — Preceding unsigned comment added by GreenEdu (talk • contribs) 18:31, 9 June 2011 (UTC) Assenge's Accusers Since all of the sources below (which is just a quick ad-hoc partial list I put together) recognize Julian Assenge's accuser by name, why can't we mention her by name in the article? A search of her name on Google News search archives returns nearly 1000 results from news sources. A google search returns half a million results. Her identity is now common knowledge. How is it a violation of WP:BLP to identify the accuser but not the accused. Why is it okay to have articles about other rape claimants such as Tawana Brawley, Trisha Meili, and Crystal Mangum, but not Assenge's Accuser? http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/26/world/europe/26wikileaks.html http://www.miamiherald.com/2010/12/08/1962779/accuser-in-wikileaks-saga-has.html http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20025270-503543.html http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-09/us/28247531_1_wikileaks-founder-julian-assange-swedish-women-condom http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/columnists/assange-fails-to-manage-his-affairs-111773324.html http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/LL16Ak02.html http://www.theage.com.au/national/did-he-or-didnt-he-the-murky-politics-of-sex-and-consent-20101211-18tie.html?skin=text-only http://www.crikey.com.au/2010/12/09/rundle-r-pe-case-complainant-has-left-sweden-may-have-ceased-co-operating/ http://www.aolnews.com/2010/12/10/wikileaks-where-in-the-world-is-miss-a/ http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=198863 Poyani (talk) 21:51, 27 June 2011 (UTC) * I just found this discussion in Archive 3 so I took out the name here. But the issue was not even really addressed there. Poyani (talk) 21:59, 27 June 2011 (UTC) * We reached a decision, by consensus, and with due regard to policy (WP:BLPNAME in particular) that there is no need to name the alleged victims. This is an online encyclopaedia, with long-term objectives, not a newspaper, and we make our own decisions regarding content. I suggest you read the page archives carefully, and then come back with reasoned arguments (other than 'they do it') if you wish to change this - though given the degree of consensus, I think that this is unlikely. AndyTheGrump (talk) 22:39, 27 June 2011 (UTC) * I removed the name from the above listings (twice). I had preserved the links before (by using the [www.link redacted link] format), but because of an edit conflict, and AndyTheGrump's statement, it is not worth my while to restore that information, which is available in page history. Kiefer .Wolfowitz 22:45, 27 June 2011 (UTC) * ATG and KW. Thanks for the info and clarifications. I would like to make an argument since I believe that firstly, the name of the person in question has been widely disseminated (as per links above) and secondly (and more importantly) omitting it does lead to a significant loss in context. Please give me time to review the archives and I will make an argument later. Poyani (talk) 12:58, 28 June 2011 (UTC) * I think the clearest explanation can be found in archive 5 here . Unless something significant has changed regarding the women involved, I think it is unlikely that the decision will be revised. AndyTheGrump (talk) 14:04, 28 June 2011 (UTC) * Something has changed, the names are very widely disseminated now, and the women have entire news articles dedicated to them and their biographies, rather than just passing references. In my opinion, there is no longer much support from the BLP policy for continued censorship of these names, even though there was before the names were widely disseminated. You'll note that I did oppose the inclusion of these names before, and I think it was the right course of action at the time, before the names were all over the place. To be honest, the women are probably notable enough for their own articles at this time, but we don't need to take it that far. Gigs (talk) 01:23, 1 July 2011 (UTC) * The existence of Facebook groups named "[a accuser] is a fucking bitch who should be hanged" and similar intimidating websites does not constitute an argument for WP reversing its policy against prolonging the victimization of complainants (victims of alleged crimes). This is an encyclopedia, not a current events blog. Even the committee to defend Assange, whose link appears in the external links section, uses only two initials to refer to the complainants. Kiefer .Wolfowitz 07:23, 1 July 2011 (UTC) * Gigs, nobody is 'notable' because they are the alleged victim of a sexual assault - this is basic stuff, see WP:BLPNAME, WP:BLP1E etc. And it is not true that the names weren't 'widely disseminated' when the decision not to include the womens' names was debated here. The reasons why the names aren't included are still valid. And by the way, comments about 'censorship' are usually an indication of a week argument, in my experience. Wikipedia 'censors' all sorts of stuff from the encyclopaedia - for the simple reason that it isn't encyclopaedic. But then, the New York Times 'censors' all sorts of stuff too - for the simple reason that it didn't happen in New York - this isn't 'censorship' at all, it is editorial judgement, and giving readers what they expect to find in a reputable publication . AndyTheGrump (talk) 11:10, 1 July 2011 (UTC) * Being victims didn't make them notable, the extensive coverage did. But this isn't a question of notability anyway, we have a far lower bar here. I suggest you re-read BLPNAME with an eye on what the intention was. The intention wasn't to keep names out of Wikipedia that have been widely discussed all over the media. Gigs (talk) 13:17, 1 July 2011 (UTC) * How would adding the names improve this article? That's the basic question that should be answered before policy is even considered. ButOnMethItIs (talk) 14:22, 1 July 2011 (UTC) * To that point, I'm not completely sure we should name them here in his main biography. If we decide to include them, the sub page for the case is probably the right place for them. There's no question in my mind that we are leaving out critical information by leaving out the names. There's plenty of coverage now on them, it's no longer just mere trivia, it's important context now that there is tons of material out there for the reader to read about the women. Gigs (talk) 15:22, 1 July 2011 (UTC) * Obviously, your abominable proposal to prolong the victimization of the women (at what would instantaneously become the world's number one internet site for outing the victims) should not occur here, but rather at the Assange. v. Sweden page. Of course, you are going to just waste a lot of time and lose, but if you want to proceed, do it in an appropriate place. Disgusted, Kiefer .Wolfowitz 15:40, 1 July 2011 (UTC) * I strongly object to your characterization of "outing". Outing implies that this information is not already widely accessible on thousands of sites. Gigs (talk) 14:52, 4 July 2011 (UTC) Although we may often be guided by the amount of coverage a matter has received in various media, ultimately we retain the right to exercise our own judgment about what is an appropriate way of handling these issues. PatGallacher (talk) 15:51, 1 July 2011 (UTC) * That's correct. Nothing requires us to name them. I don't think there is a strong policy argument for exclusion at this point, but we still retain editorial discretion in the matter. Gigs (talk) 14:52, 4 July 2011 (UTC) Okay, I have gone through the archives as well as other areas where this was discussed and I no longer want to challenge this. I see why the decision was made to exclude the name of the person and the decision seems to be the correct one. I also noticed that the rule is being applied relatively fairly across the board (rape claimants seem to be only named if they themselves publicize their names). I still disagree with the way this article is describing allegations of sexual misconduct. These are very controversial claims against Assenge yet the article seems to present a completely different narrative, essentially tarnishing Assenge. It borders on defamation and cannot possibly be in line with WP:BLP. Poyani (talk) 15:28, 6 July 2011 (UTC) * I should still note that I strongly disagree with KW's tone on this entire issue. He keeps claiming those who wanted the name included are "outing the victim". First, this assumption is an extreme case of assuming bad faith. Those who wanted the name here (including myself) did not want it as a punishment for the claimant, but rather thought it would add perspective and context to the article. Secondly, by assuming that a claimant is a "victim" KW is passing judgment and openly declaring Assenge a rapist (in the Talk-page) which is itself a gross violation of WP:BLP. Poyani (talk) 15:43, 6 July 2011 (UTC) * I agree that to describe someone as 'a victim' (rather than 'an alleged victim') in such situations is incorrect - though I also feel that 'accuser' is a rather loaded term. We all need to remember that nothing has been proven, either way. As for the broader point, it is true that reporting the allegations etc presents Assange in a bad light - but that allegations have been made, and an arrest warrant brought are facts, and we can hardly not report them - it is outside events, not Wikipedia that are the problem. As for what actually occurred, that is for the courts to decide, not us. And as for suggestions that the article "borders on defamation", I do not see how this assertion can possibly be made - what is stated in the article that isn't in line with the known facts, as derived from reliable sources? AndyTheGrump (talk) 16:13, 6 July 2011 (UTC) * I try to use the NPOV language "complainant", and I apologize for any shortcomings with using that consistently. You are welcome to change any mistake of mine to "complainant", if you see an error. * My use of "victimization" is made in reference to the discussion of WP:BLP, which uses that terminology. Kiefer .Wolfowitz 16:22, 6 July 2011 (UTC) This is Europe, where you have the right to life unless the government says you don't and you have the right to freedom of speech unless the government says you can't. Victims' names are one such category. The man in just as innocent as her at the moment, yet his name is fair game and hers is not. I think this is simply an intersection of the age old ideas of chivalry combined with censorship and the traditional European contempt for freedom of speech. Simple but nasty truth no one likes mentioning for reasons of comity, but here it rears it invisible, guiding hand, urging you to "SSSHHHHHH!" Int21h (talk) 12:27, 8 August 2011 (UTC) * You claim to be a wikipedia exclusionist on your page, yet I really don't see what mentioning the names of the two alleged victims add to the usefulness of the article. Concerning Assange, he is a widely known public figure since long before this case, and he has publicly spoke of this case on the medias, there is a lot of difference between him and his accusers. Hervegirod (talk) 13:28, 8 August 2011 (UTC) * They are notable. Yes, they are notable. He is famous. They had sex with him, from all accounts, which is notable in and of itself, but have also sparked an international legal incident. "They" need name(s). Currently, there is an entire article covering fallout between Assange, "them", and numerous other named parties in this event. Every time I Google "them", Google insists on giving me irrelevant search results... kind of makes it difficult to discern what is happening. If they deserve to have their names stricken from the event, so does Assange; but Assange does not, so neither do they. (Jeez then how would I find new information?) This is a key point: does Assange deserve the same treatment? Does "notability" make it OK to be mentioned by name? (If so, their names should be mentioned.) I think it would be that simple if mentioning their names were not likely illegal (as in illegal speech) in Sweden. There are times for exclusion and there are times for inclusion. Going on a fishing expedition for people's names that are clearly public figures is just plain ludicrous. Int21h (talk) 19:03, 8 August 2011 (UTC) * This has been exhaustively discussed, and there is a clear consensus not to include these names. Nothing in your arguments is new, so I can see no reason why this consensus would change. AndyTheGrump (talk) 19:16, 8 August 2011 (UTC) * Ok. Int21h (talk) 22:48, 8 August 2011 (UTC) Where are the sandboxes / overflow articles ? There seems to be a great many editors with a great deal of material coming into a bottleneck here, articles can be written and titled "Miss X and Miss Y" (don't know if it's Miss, don't know a thing about this subject, I was just browsing, nice article everyone). The names don't need mentioning until after the article has been finished, if at all. A sandbox collection of all that material could be assembled by the many editors here, to aid in a discussion about notability of those people in their own right. Even if it fails as notable or private info or something for THIS article doesn't mean THAT article can't be written. If there is a sandbox somewhere, please mention it here, so all the editors can go there, it seems a waste for people to put so much effort into filling up archives with discussion here, rather than just doing the usual wiki thing. 50, or is it 100 or 200 screens full of talk and I don't know how many references you guys have, surely there is a stub class article in there somewhere. Might help this article proceed from it's aug-2011 B-class rating by allowing talk here to focus on improvement. Please edit below this line to add a link ONLY. (if my text is edited with things other than links, I'll move them for you). Btw, I don't have any discussion about this on my page, I'm not really interested. (Example just type under this text something like "see my talkpage ~ ") And ordinary comments in the usual way, if you like, under this Penyulap talk 12:01, 10 August 2011 (UTC) Julian Assange is a political prisoner. Page needs updating: http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/opinion/1931695/julian-assange-political-prisoner — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:29, 7 June 2011 (UTC) Peer review Peer review Anyways, ive never used this ....request thing before. But i would like to request that Julian Assanges wikipage be updated. As he is no longer under suspicion of having committed rape. The Swedish courts have let him free, dropped everything. If this could be noted on his wikipedia page. Its semi protected so i cant change it myself. But some else?`And since he done so much for the wiki community, its only fair that his name be cleared on wikipedia as well. Thats it, good day. Saintgerty (talk) 20:18, 2 June 2011 (UTC) Section being reverted diff Originally an editor was citing BLP concerns, and while this seems like a strong argument, after reviewing the reference and who supposedly was hearing these things, we have a big conflict of interest. The Guardian employs both of these writers and published this book. Do we see this as a self-published source? Or do we see it as merely an expanded version of a normal news story? -- Avanu (talk) 14:57, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * They were there at the meeting where he made the remarks. What other source could there be which did not derive from it? PS: Were you wondering why other editors have complained that this page is biased when any support is gratefully received but a perfectly well sourced piece of information can't be mentioned? There's no mention of Israel Shamir either. Criticisms can't be deemed inappropriate in the biography of a public figure simply because he complains the sources are biased against him. Sam Blacketer (talk) 15:02, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * Don't conflate the issues. In the case of BLPs, it is always understandable that we have to be more careful about criticism than praise. And to say that this is an example of non-neutrality is just plain silly - and distracting.--Bbb23 (talk) 15:06, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * They are conflated. They are always conflated. No-one has actually cited WP:BLP to remove the section in any case, but WP:BLP does have an uneasy relationship with WP:NPOV and the use of WP:BLP to remove poorly sourced criticism must never result in an article which violates WP:NPOV. To make it absolutely explicit, this article does violate WP:NPOV because it fails to include sufficient criticism. Sam Blacketer (talk) 15:15, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * The quote allegedly from Assange is incredibly strong and needs better sources than this to support it, no matter how we parse the self-published/extended issue that Avanu raises. If the Guardian is so confident of the quote, then let them publish it in their newspaper. Otherwise, just on the face of it, we have the author of the book, Kenber, saying that two journalists, Leigh and Harding, heard Assange say something. That's just too many levels to use this kind of quote.--Bbb23 (talk) 15:03, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * Re "publish it in their newspaper": They have done, on 31 January 2011. I chose to use The Times write-up as a source because it was independent of The Guardian and a rival and reputable newspaper; there were many others. The book is published by Guardian Books who are their publishing arm so they want to keep details in the book so far as possible to encourage sales; that does not make it any less valuable as a source, and in fact books are generally considered better sources than newspaper articles. Sam Blacketer (talk) 15:13, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * What Times source? Do you have a link for the January 31 story? What "many others"?--Bbb23 (talk) 15:17, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * The one I cited in my edit. I'm afraid I do expect you to read it. Sam Blacketer (talk) 15:19, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * I've now read the edit twice. You cite the book in the first part and a Guardian article in the second part (that mentions the criticism by various publications, including the Times) - I don't see any other refs.--Bbb23 (talk) 15:25, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * The first reference says " Billy Kenber, "Assange 'dodges CIA' in a costume drama", The Times, 31 January 2011, p. 14. See Leigh and Harding, "WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy", Guardian Books, 2011, ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>, p. 111. < /ref > ". Do you see it now? Sam Blacketer (talk) 16:01, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * Yes, and this is my last interaction with you (absent an apology). Your edit summary and internal comment are obnoxious, and your null edit of the article was childish.--Bbb23 (talk) 16:05, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * Great restraint led me to a mild degree of twitting. I'm a busy man and you waste my time by twice insisting you have read something you now admit you did not read; perhaps you should reconsider in which direction apologies are owed. And in any case the second section doesn't mention The Times. Sam Blacketer (talk) 16:11, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * I agree, my only question is about whether we are using a primary source, and if that is proper. I'm not pro- or anti- Assange here, just making sure we're doing it according to our own guidelines. The writers are employed by the Guardian who also published the book. Its probably not a big deal. -- Avanu (talk) 15:07, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * By the way, when I look it up, the authors are listed as Leigh and Harding. link -- Avanu (talk) 15:07, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * Since some people are taking a very restrictive view of this, let me list some of the sources in Britain and Ireland which have reported the quote: * "New book reveals shocking disregard of Julian Assange towards Afghans named in WikiLeaks cables, Daily Mail, 30 January 2011, appears to be online only * "Assange 'dodges CIA' in a costume drama", The Times, 31 January 2011, p. 14 * "Deals, disputes, and disguises: WikiLeaks book reveals all", The Guardian, 31 January 2011 * "Aha! So that's who did it", Irish Independent, 1 February 2011 * "Secret society - Three accounts of the WikiLeaks story reveal the complex motivations of its founder, Julian Assange", Financial Times, 19 February 2011, p. 13 * "Confidentiality no longer exists", Sunday Independent, 5 June 2011 * "Will you be my Mary Magdalene and bathe my feet at the cross?", Mail on Sunday, 7 August 2011 * I think it must also be noted that while the initial media releases did redact, or attempt to, the names of informants, which might justify the quote not being treated prominently, the release recently of the full unredacted cables with informants' names freely available has changed that situation significantly. We must all hope not tragically. Sam Blacketer (talk) 15:35, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * Incidentally, although the book is the source for the controversial quote, it is there cited neither to David Leigh nor Luke Harding, but Declan Walsh (The Guardian Islamabad correspondent). See this extract from Wikileaks book if you do not have a copy to hand, and also note that The Guardian is willing to stand by their quote as accurate. I'm not averse to including a denial from Assange if an appropriate source can be cited. Sam Blacketer (talk) 16:26, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * There's a serious problem with the disputed text that hasn't been discussed here. It says that Wikileaks published the unredacted cables, but doesn't provide the context for this. Specifically, there's no mention that the unredacted cables had already been circulating for some time, a fact that came to light the day before publication. When the content is added to the article, and I more or less support its inclusion, this should be addressed. ButOnMethItIs (talk) 21:35, 3 September 2011 (UTC) It's hard to believe that such a statement could be quoted without any response from Assange. causa sui (talk) 20:55, 4 September 2011 (UTC) * Unless, of course, he can't deny he said it or he can't "explain" it.--Bbb23 (talk) 20:58, 4 September 2011 (UTC) * That's a big "unless". We need sources, not speculation. causa sui (talk) 13:18, 6 September 2011 (UTC) * I was just responding to your speculation.--Bbb23 (talk) 23:59, 6 September 2011 (UTC) * I suppose the difference is that I'm speculating reasons why we should look for more sources and you're speculating why we shouldn't. :-) causa sui (talk) 14:10, 7 September 2011 (UTC) * Close, but not quite. I was speculating as to why there might not be any sources, but not that we shouldn't search for them. Just call me nit-picker. :-) --Bbb23 (talk) 23:40, 7 September 2011 (UTC) Bias The criticism-versus-support sections are woefully imbalanced. A litany of supportive statements are provided, but the only two criticisms are one that accuses Assange of terrorism (a relatively extremist view) and one (Mullen) for which Assange gets a direct rebuttal for some reason. There are lots of reasonable op-ed articles out there in which Assange has been criticized. If Daniel Ellsberg gets a quote, then so should others who are of the same or higher profile. More space given to awards than to criticism? That's silly, given how controversial the guy is. Also, I've removed the "retraction of criticism" header. If there is so much criticism that is omitted, then the fact that one criticism was retracted carries much less weight. The header seems to suggest that much of the criticism levied against Assange was retracted, in turn adding to the pro-Assange bias. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:35, 30 August 2011 (UTC) * Oops, I didn't notice that the page is semi-protected. Could someone please add an NPV tag and remove the "Retractions of, or apologies for, criticism" header? Also, add a "However," before the second sentence of that paragraph. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:39, 30 August 2011 (UTC) * I've removed the section in question and the content was placed inside the criticism section where it belongs. If you think there's a POV problem, please elaborate and give specific examples. ButOnMethItIs (talk) 01:29, 31 August 2011 (UTC) * "Unbiased" and "balanced" are very different. Neutrality doesn't mean finding the median between the two most extreme viewpoints: it's more like a mean, giving due weight to the preponderance of sources, but adequately covering all significant viewpoints. With that in mind, I don't see anything wrong with the coverage as it is. Regards, causa sui (talk) 17:00, 31 August 2011 (UTC) * This is <IP_ADDRESS>. Balance is part of NPV. The criticism section doesn't cover all significant viewpoints, or even representative ones. There are hundreds of articles criticizing Assange that aren't mentioned and don't fall under the criticisms already described. For example, the New York Times has published multiple high-profile articles critical of Assange and his decisions. * Articles do not double as RS clearing houses. If you know there are (notable) viewpoints in reliable sources that are not represented in the article, add them. ButOnMethItIs (talk) 06:19, 3 September 2011 (UTC) I never really get these sorts of claims, unless they come from a person who wants to condemn the subject of the article. The article is called Julian Assange, not The complaints of people Julian Assange has upset. The complainers will never be happy with the amount of criticism. I suggest that there be none. Put it in another article. HiLo48 (talk) 20:28, 31 August 2011 (UTC) * This is <IP_ADDRESS>. I do not want to condemn Assange, I just want a balanced article about him. Please respect and don't question contributors' motives. And if you feel that there shouldn't be any criticism of him in this article at all, then are you in favor of removing the support section as well? * Yes. (And I did not say that YOU want to condemn Assange.) HiLo48 (talk) 06:25, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * By the way, a POV tag simply indicates that the neutrality of the content is IN DISPUTE. You don't have to agree with my assessment to agree that the neutrality of these sections is in dispute. I cannot add a POV tag because of concerns of vandalism. I am not vandalizing and I feel that I am being censored. Please add a POV-section tag so that other editors can review. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nstrauss (talk • contribs) 20:59, 1 September 2011 (UTC) * You have to do more than just say it's biased and that the tag permits "other editors" to review it. You have to cite what portions of the section are POV and why. If you can do that, then you can add the tag back.--Bbb23 (talk) 13:55, 3 September 2011 (UTC) * I thought I had already done that, but see below for more details.Nstrauss (talk) 19:56, 6 September 2011 (UTC) I think we could be less dismissive when we discuss article content with our anonymous friend. That said, I have to agree with ButOnMethItIs' comments above. Currently, the criticism and support section represent the viewpoints of politically significant actors such as heads of state, their representatives, or high-ranking military and civilian officials. If there are other significant viewpoints that you feel have not been adequately represented, please add them to the article, or better yet, propose them here -- for my part, I'll be happy to look over them. Regards, causa sui (talk) 02:28, 4 September 2011 (UTC) This is "our anonymous friend." Let's review what I've ALREADY WRITTEN in this discussion: * The criticism-versus-support sections are woefully imbalanced. A litany of supportive statements are provided, but the only two criticisms are one that accuses Assange of terrorism (a relatively extremist view) and one (Mullen) for which Assange gets a direct rebuttal for some reason. There are lots of reasonable op-ed articles out there in which Assange has been criticized. If Daniel Ellsberg gets a quote, then so should others who are of the same or higher profile. More space given to awards than to criticism? That's silly, given how controversial the guy is. * If there is so much criticism that is omitted, then the fact that one criticism was retracted carries much less weight. The header seems to suggest that much of the criticism levied against Assange was retracted, in turn adding to the pro-Assange bias. * Balance is part of NPV. The criticism section doesn't cover all significant viewpoints, or even representative ones. There are hundreds of articles criticizing Assange that aren't mentioned and don't fall under the criticisms already described. For example, the New York Times has published multiple high-profile articles critical of Assange and his decisions If anyone thinks these concerns aren't specific enough, please spell out exactly what hoops I must jump through. In the meantime, since there seems to be a general consensus that I have a responsibility to fix this perceived problem myself (not really sure why), and no one has raised any objection to HiLo48's suggestion, I'm going to "fix" this problem by following through on HiLo48's suggestion. Nstrauss (talk) 05:17, 6 September 2011 (UTC) * I don't think you are understanding what I am saying. You should give particular focus to the conclusion of my remarks above. If you think there are sources that should be here that aren't, please point them out here and we will be happy to discuss them with you. causa sui (talk) 13:21, 6 September 2011 (UTC) * I am not saying that the article isn't complete, I'm saying that it's imbalanced. The support section outweighs the criticism section even though there are, in my estimation, more articles and viewpoints out there that are critical of Asaange than there are that support him (as is the case for any highly controversial figure). That said, here is some specific evidence of bias: * 1. We have 7 viewpoints in support of Assange and 2 viewpoints criticizing him. Again, if the article were representative then the ratio would be reversed. * 2. The original reason I detected bias is because of 2 notably missing critical viewpoints. First, there is nothing by the New York Times or its editor Bill Keller, who worked directly with Assange on the leaks. The Times and Keller published multiple news stories and editorials that voiced support for WikiLeaks' mission generally but were sharply critical of its tactics and Assange's personality and sharp elbows. Second, there have been criticisms raised by former WikiLeaks members/employees who eventually left WikiLeaks to start their own leaks organizations. * 3. Just doing a Google search for "criticisms of julian assange" will come up references to a panoply of critical opinions, most of which do not get any space in the article. Examples here, here, here, here, here. I am not saying that these opinions are representative of what's out there, or that every one needs to be mentioned, but that the approach taken must be balanced so that it does not favor supporting positions over critical ones.Nstrauss (talk) 16:53, 6 September 2011 (UTC) Cntras has reversed the deletion of both criticism and support sections, originally suggested by HiLo48, citing lack of proper discussion/consensus. Any thoughts on HiLo48's idea?Nstrauss (talk) 17:38, 6 September 2011 (UTC) * The idea that criticism and support aren't relevant to the article is half baked at best. The controversy surrounding Assange and his actions are central to his notability. An argument is often made for weaving criticism into the body of an article rather than segregating it, but I don't think that's appropriate here. ButOnMethItIs (talk) 01:15, 7 September 2011 (UTC) * Hello Nstrauss, in regards to "7 viewpoints in support of Assange and 2 viewpoints criticizing him" it seems a poor measure of fairness. If he has won 5 awards and had 50 charges, or 50 awards and 5 death threats, then fairness is more about reflecting those numbers, rather than having 20 comments about 20 different awards mentioned alongside 20 comments about the same single incident. So if he did something that was praiseworthy, it gets mentioned, and something that attracts criticism, that gets a mention too. Roughly equal space for each item according to how much space is available in the article overall. If a LOT of people criticize him for one incident, then a sub-article can hold all the different comments for that incident, and a summary goes into the main article. This may be another way to look at the problem. With the former workmates criticizing him, maybe look at the topic of each of their comments, see if that topic gets a mention, and then if there are a lot of people criticizing him for that topic, pick out the most notable critics and write that up, and the remainder in a sub article. Each topic needs coverage, but not really each critic. Penyulap talk 13:25, 18 September 2011 (UTC) * I agree with your point in principle. I am certainly not saying that each and every criticizer should be entitled to space in the article. The trouble is that the article is not reflective of the basic critical viewpoints out there (see examples above), whereas it contains some surprisingly unimportant supportive viewpoints. For example, the fact that Stary, Assange's own lawyer, called Gillard a sycophant has little or no substantive bearing on Assange himself, and besides, of course a lawyer is going to speak out for his client.Nstrauss (talk) 16:22, 21 September 2011 (UTC) Assange has been in the news again Assange has been in the news again as of September 20 2011, so we need to check this has been updated. ACEOREVIVED (talk) 09:42, 22 September 2011 (UTC) Jewish Conspiracy Accusations It's importent to note in criticism about his accusations of a jewish consipracy to silence him. The Guardian reaveled it, hearing it from assanage directly, while bbc claims he plays remarks like that because he claimed he had a zionist wife (they went through a harsh devorce apperently) http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/mar/01/julian-assange-jewish-conspiracy-comments — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:19, 30 August 2011 (UTC) * Nope. The article you cite doesn't say that Assange made accusations. It says that Ian Hislop claims that he did, and that Assange denies this. I note that this article is from March. Hardly breaking news - since little else appears to have been written on the subject, I don't see how it is significant. As for what the BBC may have said, you have provided no link. AndyTheGrump (talk) 00:28, 30 August 2011 (UTC) * I would also be cautious about including anything the Guardian writes about Assange, given their troubled history and go so far as to say that the Guardian doesn't constitute a reliable source when it comes to Assange. Totorotroll (talk) 09:23, 27 September 2011 (UTC) Autobiography Shouldn't this article mention that Assange's (ghostwritten) "unauthorised autobiography" has just been published (against his wishes)? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 19:05, 22 September 2011 (UTC). Great idea - it will help to keep this article up to date. ACEOREVIVED (talk) 23:08, 22 September 2011 (UTC) * This was added yesterday. Totorotroll (talk) 10:32, 23 September 2011 (UTC) This article mentions that "Assange and the publisher, Canongate, gave differing accounts of the circumstances around the publication." This point should be further explained. Assange's Press statement was cited perhaps a section could be quoted where he explains that the book is the result of interpretation of conversations he had with the author. Nobly untruthful 04:38, 27 September 2011 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nobly untruthful (talk • contribs) * The question is how much information needs to be given here and how large this section needs to be in the context of the whole article, and ultimately, Assange's life story. At any rate, the book is a draft of a ghostwritten text, which is, by definition, "the result of interpretation of conversations he had with the author". The controversy is about whether or not Canongate was justified in publishing the book. They base their justification on the fact that Assange never paid them back the advance sum they paid him. Assange says that he never had access to this money. In addition, both of their claims are subjective, and in the absence of an objective, third party, mediating source, it seems best to leave the section as it is. Totorotroll (talk) 08:34, 27 September 2011 (UTC) * I know the publisher has called this book an autobiography, and maybe that was the original intent, but given the circumstances now, it's a bit marginal to call it one in this article. It hardly fits my definition of an autobiography. HiLo48 (talk) 08:42, 27 September 2011 (UTC) * I put the section title in scare quotes (and made some other changes) but am not sure if this is satisfactory if we want to remain unbiased. Putting it is quotes seems to show support for Assange's point of view (this is how he refers to it) while referring to it as an autobiography is the way Canongate refers to it. Totorotroll (talk) 09:10, 27 September 2011 (UTC) * I like the changes you have made. I think it's treading a delicate and tactful middle path. HiLo48 (talk) 09:15, 27 September 2011 (UTC) House arrest / detention I came to this page hoping to read some details about his detention. Surely being detained without charge for over 6 months is a defining event in the man's history and something he is famous for? If you read the page from top to bottom, the first mention is "Prime Minister of Russia, Vladimir Putin condemned Assange's detention as "undemocratic"", which simply mentions this detention in passing, as if it should already be familiar to the reader. Is there a reason that this event is not covered here? * Have you looked at the Swedish Judicial Authority v Julian Assange article, as clearly linked to in the 'Allegations of sexual misconduct' section? His detention etc is discussed there. As for whether it is the detention, or the events that allegedly led up to it, that will be 'a defining event in the man's history', I think that will rather depend on the outcome of any trial. AndyTheGrump (talk) 14:21, 25 October 2011 (UTC) I added an update, along with refs. (Though it doesn't seem to be showing on the actual page yet - don't know if this is some weird caching problem?!) I think it's reasonable to have the up to date current status listed here. Mdwh (talk) 12:49, 30 October 2011 (UTC) * Assange is not under 'house arrest'. He is on bail with a requirement to reside at Ellingham Hall. There is no provision for house arrest per se in English law enforcement in any event (arguably control orders come very close but Assange is not under one). He is free to leave Ellingham Hall and appear in public, and has exercised this freedom; he is also able to reside at the Frontline Club on set days by prior agreement. Sam Blacketer (talk) 11:45, 12 November 2011 (UTC) Early life These lines from the Early Life section could be expressed more eloquently: Assange claims that his "grandfather was a Taiwanese pirate", but when referring to Brett Assange, Julian says in his autobiography that his "great-great-great-grandfather was a Taiwanese pirate", who settled on Thursday Island "where he met and married a Thursday Islander woman"[27][28]. Assange says Brett Assange "was the descendant of a Chinese immigrant who had settled on Thursday Island, Ah Sang or Mr Sang", "or ah-sang in Cantonese", and that his father is "an amalgam of Brett Assange and John Shipton, created to protect their identities"[29][30]. I would also like to point out that using the Daily Mail's quotes from Assange's "autobiography" and treating these as fact is perhaps not the best idea. The biography is not approved by Assange, and stating that these are his own assertions is misleading.Totorotroll (talk) 14:20, 3 November 2011 (UTC) Does his "autobiography" indicate where he got his career started? Was he maybe inspired by maybe sneaking peaks at his mother's personal diary? ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 17:30, 3 November 2011 (UTC) * I'd be a little cautious about quoting an article titled "The WikiFreak: In a new book one author reveals how she got to know Julian Assange and found him a predatory, narcissistic fantasist" http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2023140/WikiLeaks-Julian-Assange-portrayed-predatory-narcissistic-fantasist-new-book.html#ixzz1dx8R0RvW and considering it as a reliable source. Totorotroll (talk) 09:25, 17 November 2011 (UTC) * I've tried to tighten things up a bit in the Early Life section now. Totorotroll (talk) 10:55, 17 November 2011 (UTC) * As I mention in my note, I think it's important to stick to the facts eg the fact of who the Assange ancestor was. Assange clearly had fun with the Daily Mail journalist, telling her all kinds of tall tales eg that his hair became white after a cathode ray experiment - but there's no need to include this is what is after all an encyclopedia. I also think that including these conflicting statements can fill another purpose, implying that Assange is unreliable, and I don't think that these kinds of implications have a place here. Totorotroll (talk) 11:07, 17 November 2011 (UTC) * "It is unclear if he was born with the name Assange or Shipton, or if the name was changed. When he was one year old, his mother Christine married theatre director Brett Assange, "who gave him his surname"." - how could he have beenborn with the name Assage if his mother met Brett Assange when he was one year old? Totorotroll (talk) 11:50, 20 November 2011 (UTC) Oh I see, the implication being that she knew Brett Assange before Julian's birth and they were married a year later? Totorotroll (talk) 11:52, 20 November 2011 (UTC) Assange Claiming Credit for Starting the Tunisian Revolution Assange has made a habit of claiming credit for world events - claims which he either cannot really verify (such as the Arab Spring, starting with the Tunisian Revolution which he claims he started with Wikileaks) or has been proven demonstrably false (such as the publication of the university of East Anglia E-mails - "Climategate"). The fact that some publications believe Assange's lies - or choose to publish them for whatever other reason - does not yet prove them: The quoted references for the claim that Assange's Wikileaks caused the Tunisian Revolution (which consequently led to the Arab Spring) are not really supporting it in any verifiable way. The references do not provide any evidence for the claim.Rtmcrrctr (talk) 13:18, 24 December 2011 (UTC) * our article did not state that Assange claimed credit for starting the Tunisian revolution. It certainly didn't say that he did start it. What it said was that "The WikiLeaks diplomatic cable revelations have been credited with sparking the Tunisian Revolution" - it then provide references to sources which did just that: a direct verification of the statement made by us. It might well be argued that this is an incorrect assertion by the sources - but it is a verifiable fact that the sources said what they did. It isn't up to us to decide whether they are right or wrong, based on nothing but our own opinions. On that basis, I am going to restore the deleted material, and ask that you give a legitimate rationale before removing it again. AndyTheGrump (talk) 14:08, 24 December 2011 (UTC) * Strictly speaking your point is valid, as it is true to say that something is "credited" if you find someone (2 refs in this case) who is doing the "crediting". However, saying "is credited" creates a conception - or, rather, maybe in this case, misconception - that the credit is universal (i.e., widely accepted among the public if not downright undisputed). Not only is it not necessarily so (1 of the two refs is obviously very pro-Assange - and as such likely to take his version of things on face-value, while the 2nd ref says that this is only one factor out of many), but common-sense suggests that such an assertion cannot really be verifiable (unless, for example, the Tunisian protesters themselves said that they have read WikiLeaks, which I am sure they have not.) Interesting to go to the Wikipedia entry for the "Tunisian Revolution", which does mention WikiLeaks, but just as a possible additional factor, while the main factor in that entry is listed as undisputably the young Tunisian whom set himself on fire (did he read WikeLeaks?!) In summary, the claim that WikiLeaks was any factor of significance in sparking the revolution in Tunisia (it certainly was NOT the main factor) cannot be really verified, and the fact that out there in cyberspace some have speculated that it may have been an additional factor to the Tunisian Revolution does not make it necessarily true. Put simply, it is not verifiable in any way (regardless of this claim being repeated by some) and as such maybe should be left out, especially when discussing hugely momentous world events such as the Tunisian Revolution which sparked the Arab Spring, in my opinion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rtmcrrctr (talk • contribs) 15:18, 24 December 2011 (UTC) * Again, I repeat - our article doesn't state that WikiLeaks started anything. It states that sources have suggested they were a factor. Contrary to your assertions, this suggestion hasn't been confined solely to 'cyberspace' either - it has been discussed in the mainstream media too. I agree that one of the sources cited is less than ideal, and I'll find a better one. As for it not being verifiable, I'd say that this is self-evident: but so are any assertions about the 'cause' of large-scale historical events. I've revised the text to make the assertions being made a little clearer, and will look into this further after checking other sources. Finally, will you please not make assertions (here or on my talk page ) about "Assange Falsely Claiming Credit". This isn't his claim, it is a statement made by others, and it is misleading to describe this as some sort of self-promotion. Assange is a controversial character, and while he may possibly be somewhat of an egotist from the evidence available, that is no reason to accuse him of doing things he hasn't (or at least, we aren't giving any evidence that he has). AndyTheGrump (talk) 16:29, 24 December 2011 (UTC) * A reference for Assange FALSELY claiming credit for breaking the Climategate story is among others Tim Blair's blog . I also recall hearing him claim responsibility for the Tunisian Revolution (don't have a link for that) and I assumed that such claims as quoted in refs were based upon his own ones. Just an assumption, granted, but at any case Assange no doubt does have a record of very public self-promotion and at least in the case of the Climategate story it has been proven false, and as for the Tunisian Revolution, it can easily be proven I believe that he DID promote himself as the source, and, again, correctly or falsely we (or, for that matter, even him) probably cannot verifiably ever know. Rtmcrrctr (talk) 16:46, 24 December 2011 (UTC) * Given that such matters are unverifiable, it isn't possible to assert that such a claim is false. In any case, when journalists of the calibre of Elizabeth Dickinson of Foreign Policy magazine give credence to the suggestions, it is rather irrelevant who first suggested it - the fact is that it is seen by some as plausible, which is all we state in the article. I have now revised the section, and suggest you address the content of the article, rather than engaging in speculation about Assange's ego. AndyTheGrump (talk) 17:01, 24 December 2011 (UTC) * Just as final concluding remark: If Assange has been shown to falsely claim credit for the Climategate story - another huge monumentous world-event story - and I believe I have established that above, then his credibility is seriously compromised. Add to this his rather obvious love of publicity, and you got a very problematic source. (It is true that we cannot verify that the quoted sources took their claims from him, but with the huge media noise that this publicity-seeker generated, it is not unreasonable to assume that.) My point is that it might have been safer and simpler to drop out any mention of Assange in relation to the Tunisian Revolution (regardless of how keen he obviously was to insert himself to this event!) You said, correctly, that it is practically impossible to know exactly which factors contribute to world events, but at the same time some world events have a quite widely accepted metaphorical "spark" - regardless of the metaphorical "fuel" that this spark "lights up" to a metaphorical "explosion". E.g. in World War I it was an assassination, in the riots in England this year it was the killing of some drug dealer and similarly the Tunisian Revolution was sparked by the self-immolation of the 26 y.o. Tunisian man. Certainly there is a history of events which is the background to the "explosion", but the history cannot be termed as "spark", but rather discussed as hypothesis merely. It may be that Assange was a contributor to this revolution, but there is a question mark over it - which appears, by the way, in the title of the article you quote - so why not leave it out altogether? This is my opinion, but I am leaving it up to you whether you want to mention Assange in relation to Tunisia or - as I think is appropriate - remove this mention altogether.Rtmcrrctr (talk) 17:53, 24 December 2011 (UTC) * We aren't using Assange as the source. We are reporting what commentators said. It isn't for us to decide whether they are right or not. As for whether this merits inclusion, this can of course be debated - but I think a couple of sentences on a topic that received widespread comment is reasonable enough. AndyTheGrump (talk) 18:14, 24 December 2011 (UTC) Ancestry claims I have been watching a large expansion of these claims many of them supported by sources that are not wikipedia reliable and ancestry user trees and primary records that it is unclear what they are actually supporting - there was about twenty of them added recently. What we do at wikipedia is report well known information about living people that has been reported by reliable sources we don't investigate and report our findings supported by such sources. Youreallycan (talk) 20:12, 27 December 2011 (UTC) Lack of accuracy Is there any special reason the only place in the entire article the word "rape" actually appears is in the title of the source "Swedish rape warrant for Wikileaks' Assange cancelled"? 2 lines of K 303 13:22, 4 November 2011 (UTC) * That's an excellent point. I checked several of the cited articles, and all but 1 include the word "rape" as part of the accusation. I think it should be added to at least clarify what it is he has been accused of committing.JoelWhy (talk) 13:39, 4 November 2011 (UTC) * I would not be opposed to adapting the following sentence from the main article: * "On appeal the Svea Court of Appeal upheld the warrant, on suspicion of rape, olaga tvång (duress/unlawful coercion) and two cases of sexuellt ofredande,[21][22][23][24] which has been translated as 'sexual molestation', (in the Certified European Arrest Warrant of 6 December 2010) 'sexual assault', (in the Extradition Ruling of 24 February 2011) and 'sexual misconduct', 'sexual annoyance', 'sexual unfreedom', 'sexual misdemeanour' and 'sexual harassment' in the press.[25][26][17][22][23]" * I don't know if the Swedish terms should be included, but the various English translations should be. ButOnMethItIs (talk) 13:49, 5 November 2011 (UTC) * I agree.JoelWhy (talk) 16:19, 5 November 2011 (UTC) Last call for any objections? Also I assume there's no objection to changing the weasel worded "Allegations of sexual misconduct" section title? Obviously I'll be keeping "Allegations", but "sexual misconduct" is incredibly vague, it sounds more like some employment sexual harassment case where some boss has been making sexually suggestive remarks towards his secretary. 2 lines of K 303 11:29, 8 November 2011 (UTC) * As its all sub justice and the allegations are quite lightweight as regards understandings of rape which has been well opined in the press and as he hasn't actually been even charged with anything at all yet I am of the position that we should cautiously report this issue for the time being - if or when actual charges are pressed we can be more detailed then - the current position was hotly discussed and arrived at over a lengthy dispute/discussion/consensus and I don't see any value to the reader in altering what has been a stable position for quite some time. We can afford to wait for specific charges if they occur. Off2riorob (talk) 11:32, 8 November 2011 (UTC) * Link for this discussion? And you'll find the reason he hasn't been charged is because under the Swedish legal system he won't be charged until after he's been extradited and questioned. Someone remind me again why he hasn't been extradited yet? Whose fault is that exactly? And is it really your position that it would not benefit the reader for them to know exactly what Assange has been accused of? 2 lines of K 303 11:39, 8 November 2011 (UTC) * Well there is a specific article that outlines the accusations in more detail. Swedish Judicial Authority v Julian Assange - There were many many discussions as I remember and edit wars about this issue and the issue stabilized at this content -, which to be honest I opposed, but having watched and been involved in the discussions I am satisfied that there is enough detail in this BLP for the present time for our readers to understand and be informed what is going on. I have little energy to scour the lengthy discussions but I would likely be able to find a diff of me previously adding the word rape - Feb 26, 2011 - Assange is wanted in Sweden for three allegations of sexual assault and one of rape..... - There is no guarantee that there will be any charges. - first they will question him - until any actual charges are actually pressed I don't support stronger assertions in this BLP - all will be sorted soon enough now. Off2riorob (talk) 12:04, 8 November 2011 (UTC) * He is not charged with or accused of anything. The Swedish authorities want to question him. Totorotroll (talk) 09:16, 12 November 2011 (UTC) * Are you serious? He hasn't been accused of anything?? I suppose the two women accusing him, the European Arrest Warrant and the subsequent extradition court cases have all been figments of my imagination then, as well as being figments of the imaginations of all the reliable sources covering them??? Your claim that they want to question him is equally bogus, since it was confirmed in February that the Swedish authorities want to prosecute him, not just question him. 2 lines of K 303 11:16, 12 November 2011 (UTC) So despite me asking, there have been no links to provided to prove this so-called consensus exists. Even if they had, consensus can change. So I will ask again, why is the word rape excluded from this article? * You have the ability to search the archives. Off2riorob (talk) 11:33, 12 November 2011 (UTC) Although WP:BLPPRIMARY needs to be taken into consideration, the extradition case details can be viewed here. I will quote the relevant parts, truncating excessive irrelevant details: * It sets out four offences: * 1. Unlawful coercion [on 13-14 August 2010, involving AA] * 2. Sexual molestation [on 13-14 August 2010, involving AA] * 3. Sexual molestation [on 18 August 2010 or thereabouts, involving AA] * 4. Rape [on 17 August 2010, involving SW] This has also been covered in sufficient detail by secondary sources that we do not need to rely on this anyway, although it can be used to augment secondary sources as the policy permits. So bearing all this is mind, ie that it is a fact that Assange has been accused of rape and that the Swedish authorities are attempting to extradite him for that and other alleged crimes, should the word rape excluded from the article? It is our responsibility to report facts accurately and neutrally, not present some sanitised version of events. 2 lines of K 303 11:16, 12 November 2011 (UTC) * Its more complicated than you assert - he has not been charged - swedish law interpretation and definition of rape is far more extensive that an English reader would understand, as such rape is in the circumstances undue - its important that these are just accusations - not charges and he is only wanted for questioning. The details of the incidents would need to be explained in depth if the assertion in a BLP of rape is included and the expansion here would be undue, we couldn't just add that he raped someone without explaining the details - remember we have the main article about the extradition. I feel the reporting of the details at present is fully compliant with BLP - its a conservative report of the fact that there are sexual allegations against him - the fact is the Assange has not been charged with anything. If and when he actually is charged we will report clearly what the charges are. What we have in the lede currently imo pretty well represents the current situation - a European Arrest Warrant was issued in response to a Swedish police request for questioning in relation to a sexual assault investigation. - I added Assange is wanted in Sweden for three allegations of sexual assault and one of rape. in feb but consensus was against it. Consensus can change - why don't you just make a bold edit - Off2riorob (talk) 11:37, 12 November 2011 (UTC) * Be it remembered, that Swedish criminal processes do not work in the same way as those deriving from English law. Under Swedish law a person suspected of a crime may not be charged until they have been interviewed by police, and they may not be interviewed until they are in Sweden. The frequent complaint that Assange has not been charged is therefore true but irrelevant: he couldn't have been charged. Sam Blacketer (talk) 12:02, 12 November 2011 (UTC) * This is a good article from Joshua Rosenberg that details the current situation and ongoing possibilities. - http://www.guardian.co.uk/law/2011/nov/02/assange-sweden-extradition-court-loophole - the especially relevant part being, "You couldn't look at a continental system "through the narrowest of common law eyes". If you viewed it "through cosmopolitan eyes", the court said, you could see that criminal proceedings against Assange had begun." - Off2riorob (talk) 13:59, 12 November 2011 (UTC) I'll get round to looking for some sources and try a bold edit later, since I've given more than enough time for objections to be raised. I've not seen a single reliable source that says Sweden's rape laws are seriously out of step with the rest of the world, therefore Wikipedia cannot take the position that an accusation of rape in Sweden is somehow not an accusation of rape. Legal definitions of various offences differ all over the world, but that doesn't mean we can't use the terms as they apply to the jurisidiction in which the (alleged) offence took place. This is the "English Wikipedia", not "Wikipedia using terms only as they are defined by English law". 2 lines of K 303 11:05, 22 December 2011 (UTC) * I would have no objections to that. As I said I did add it myself previously, at that time consensus was against me but your comments here have not raised any weight of objections. - Youreallycan (talk) 17:07, 22 December 2011 (UTC) UK Court judgement includes a lot of detail, including the argument that in UK law, the allegations are rape. http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2011/2849.pdf — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:51, 26 January 2012 (UTC) Is Julian Assange a journalist? I agree Assange is a journalist and news publisher but I wonder the issue of whether he is a journalist has been debated here before. Wikipedia currently describes Assange as a journalist, even though he does not work for a mainstream media organisation and appears not to draw a salary in any formal sense from Wikipedia organisation. What is the standard being applied in describing him as a journalist? Does it apply universally across Wikipedia? --Brandonfarris (talk) 07:25, 9 December 2011 (UTC) * Firstly, Wikileaks has no connection with Wikipedia whatsoever, and neither does Assange. As for whether it is correct or not to describe him as a journalist, this has been discussed in the past, and opinions differ - but there are reputable sources that have described him as such. AndyTheGrump (talk) 23:46, 18 December 2011 (UTC) There may be reputable sources saying he is, but legal arguments are being made that he is not. It's not exactly NPOV to omit all mention that the prosecutors presented forensic computer evidence in the B Manning case that Assange helped break the passcode. I'm not saying they have made their case, but they have started the process of arguing it. If it's proved that he participated in the leak itself, he is no longer a journalist. There should be some mention of his contested status. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:03, 20 January 2012 (UTC) * "If it's proved that he participated in the leak itself, he is no longer a journalist"? Do you have a reliable source for that? It seems a peculiar bit of logic to me. AndyTheGrump (talk) 22:31, 20 January 2012 (UTC) the world tomorrow http://rt.com/news/julian-assange-rt-exclusive-617/ Please add info. --Insider (talk) 08:48, 25 January 2012 (UTC) Criticism related to The World Tomorrow I'm pretty sure that criticism related to The World Tomorrow (see, for example, The_World_Tomorrow_(RT_TV_series)) at least partially belongs to Julian Assange article: wording of the criticism is aimed at least in part against Assange personally (sources contain quotes like "Shame on you, mister Assange!"), and is substantial enough (at least BBC and Guardian references are provided, quoting several different and rather well-known people expressing criticism in this regard). Therefore, I feel that to satisfy WP:NPOV's "all significant views" requirement, it is necessary to include this criticism into the article (wording is a different story). Relevant quote from WP:NPOV (emphasis is mine): "...representing fairly, proportionately, and as far as possible without bias, all significant views that have been published by reliable sources." Ipsign (talk) 14:45, 12 February 2012 (UTC) Connection to Nortel Networks Just to explain the reason I added the Category:Nortel : see Nortel Ottawahitech (talk) 14:55, 16 February 2012 (UTC) * Given that the article you link makes no mention of Assange whatsoever, I am going to remove this category. If you wish to include it, please provide evidence as to why you think it should be. AndyTheGrump (talk) 16:24, 16 February 2012 (UTC) * Nortel has been edited to include Assange. Ottawahitech (talk) 00:32, 17 February 2012 (UTC) Pentagon papers quote in Criticism section In answer to this, see WP:BTW: "Items within quotations should not generally be linked; instead, consider placing the relevant links in the surrounding text or in the "See also" section of the article". The hazard with wikilinking quotes text is that it can sometimes be misleading, in that it implies that the word or phrase is used in the way our article defines it. Actually, looking at the Biden quote in context, the reference to the Pentagon papers seems to have come first from the questioner - the comparison wasn't originally Biden's. I wonder whether we should really use the quote in the way it is presented at all: it actually doesn't make a lot of sense without the context. AndyTheGrump (talk) 02:17, 21 February 2012 (UTC) * How about wikilinking outside the quote? "When asked if he saw Assange more as a hi-tech terrorist or as a whistleblower, like those who released the Pentagon papers in the 1970s, Biden said: "I would argue it is closer to being a hi-tech terrorist than the Pentagon papers." Ghostofnemo (talk) 02:27, 21 February 2012 (UTC) * Yes, much better - it makes it clear that neither 'hi-tech terrorist' nor 'the Pentagon papers' were originally Biden's phrase. AndyTheGrump (talk) 02:36, 21 February 2012 (UTC) Ah Sang - Assange "Assange's ancestor "George Ah Sang (Asange)" was the progenitor of the name - "Ah Sang (aka Sun Tai Lee, Sun Tye Lee; later Asange)". http://www.espace.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:70359/Ramsay_2004_Chinese.pdf Tried to add this, but User:AndyTheGrump, reverted it twice. Should this be added to the page? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wbvoki (talk • contribs) 17:58, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * Firstly, the link appears to be broken. Secondly, this is an article about Julian Assange, not about George Ah Sang. I can see no reason why even if this was properly sourced it would be of any significance. Has any reliable source other than the one you cite (if it is a reliable source) actually suggested that this matter is relevant in any way to anything about Assange himself? AndyTheGrump (talk) 18:09, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * At best, this seems like sheer trivia. I see no reason it should be included.JoelWhy (talk) 18:22, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * The link works, it's not broken..try again (paste this and press enter): espace.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:70359/Ramsay_2004_Chinese.pdf. That is not a justification about why that shouldn't be there, almost every article on wikipedia about someone of note explains about their origins, or their surname, their ancestors. The relevance is that it refers to his surname, his ancestors which are mentioned already in the article, this information expounds on that with a record of Asian inhabitants of Thursday Island: "Ah Sang" from Thursday Island is acknowledged by him as being his ancestor, and it is acknowledged by him as being "Ah Sang" originally. Why do you think the reliability of the source is an issue? Other reliable sources other than the one I cite (and it is a reliable source: it is historical record, university published) exist which suggest that this matter is relevant to Assange, wikipedia articles about people are biographies and this information you find in biographies: it has been written about in books, in numerous articles, explained by Julian Assange himself in those. What reasons do you have, what makes it trivia and not information worthy of inclusion in a biography? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wbvoki (talk • contribs) 18:33, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * Can you please cite the book from which this is taken, with the relevant page number(s). A scanned PDF is unacceptable as a source, if for no other reason than that if may be a copyright violation. As for what other sources say on the matter, again we need links. I still see no reason why this is seen as of any significance though - Assange's ancestry is of no relevance to his notability, as far as I'm aware. The article is quite long enough as it is, without going into trivial details regarding the origins of his name. AndyTheGrump (talk) 18:42, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * Ramsay, G. M. (2004). The Chinese diaspora in Torres Strait: Cross-cultural connections and contentions on Thursday Island. In A. Shnukal, G. Ramsay and Y. Nagata (Ed.), Navigating Boundaries: The Asian Diaspora in Torres Strait (pp. 53-79) Canberra: Pandanus Books. Those other sources you referred to are in the article already in the "Early life" section. If the article is long enough as it is, I would suggest condensing it, removing information found on wikis on specific areas; but not at the expense of material such as this, that is directly related to Assange himself in a biographical sense, and this can go on no other wiki but Assange's. On the point of the trivial details: Smith or Johnson for example do not obviously need detail about the origins of the name, but as for Assange, traced to one person in Australia, which makes it rare and unique, also most Australian's (or many people at all) don't have this kind of background - that sets this apart from normally "trivial details". — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wbvoki (talk • contribs) 19:27, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * So the book you cite isn't about Assange at all? (And you haven't given a page number for the part you consider relevant - I'm not reading a whole chapter to find it). And no, this is not "directly related to Assange himself in a biographical sense" unless you can cite a source that says it is. So please do so, citing specific material which directly Relates to Assange, supports your statements, and asserts that this is more than trivia. AndyTheGrump (talk) 20:01, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * Ok, I wouldn't say I am advocating for it to be added, but I certainly am not vehemently opposed to its inclusion.JoelWhy (talk) 20:03, 14 March 2012 (UTC) You don't have to read the whole thing! Don't you know you can search the term? Control and F then type: Ah Sang - it is mentioned three times, on pages 11-13. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wbvoki (talk • contribs) 20:07, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * The PDF is a scanned document, not a text file. Searches don't work. The document starts at page 53. AndyTheGrump (talk) 20:13, 14 March 2012 (UTC) Pages 11-13 of the PDF. Read it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wbvoki (talk • contribs) 20:20, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * I can't open the PDF either. Perhaps its country-restricted?JoelWhy (talk) 20:23, 14 March 2012 (UTC) http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/ Search title: Chinese diaspora in Torres Strait. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wbvoki (talk • contribs) 20:28, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * That worked, thanks! So, after reviewing the material, I think there's another problem here. Seems to me this would serve as synthesis (or, possibly, just flat out incorrect information.) Based on this article, we know there was someone name Ah Sang whose name was eventually converted to Assange. There is no indication that Julian Assange is a descendant of this Ah Sang, or that his name came from the name Ah Sang. Am I missing something here? I didn't spend much time going through the links, so please correct me if I'm mistaken.JoelWhy (talk) 20:40, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * The pages you indicate are nothing more than a list of Chinese residents. Nothing whatsoever indicates that any of them are related to Assange. This isn't a source for anything. You are wasting our time. AndyTheGrump (talk) 20:36, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * Note that this would not be the first time that a single-purpose account inserts claims about Assange's ancestry that are then found not to be supported by the cited references, see User_talk:Iogoay and User_talk:Ksrjm. Regards, HaeB (talk) 20:48, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * Time for a sock-puppet investigation perhaps? If Wbvoki and Ksrjm are the same person, this is a clear policy violation. AndyTheGrump (talk) 20:52, 14 March 2012 (UTC) It doesn't cite him personally, but it cites the Assange ancestor referred to in the article, and the first and only Assange ancestor to settle and be naturalised on Thursday Island, then change name to Asange, the Chinese residents are all accounted for there; don't need to cite a source that say it is about Assange himself - it wouldn't of course, but the information reflects what Asssange has said, a source that confirms that it directly relates to him is not necessary, what he has said confirms and there is no other Ah Sang>Assange and this is the person mentioned in the source; put it together: Assange: "My grandfather was a Taiwanese pirate".."who settled on Thursday Island where he met and married a Thursday Islander"..and.."I've got his name – Assange – an unusual one which comes from Mr Sang, or ah-sang in Cantonese: his great-great-great-grandfather was a Taiwanese pirate." - Julian Assange: The Unauthorised Autobiography' — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wbvoki (talk • contribs) 21:12, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * No, we don't 'put it together' - that is original research. And can you please cite page numbers for books. * By the way, to save us the bother, can you confirm whether you are also editing this article under another username? AndyTheGrump (talk) 21:18, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * Yea, sorry, but that's synthesis. JoelWhy (talk) 21:21, 14 March 2012 (UTC) Done contesting. AndyTheGrump really is a grump. If that's a problem, I suppose stuff like this will never be accepted, because no acceptable citations exist that link Assange and George Ah Sang, even though it's undeniable on the basis of the information he has provided and that is available. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wbvoki (talk • contribs) 21:24, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * You can't blame Andy for this. It's a standard Wiki policy. (And, frankly, I was wrong when I said it was synthesis, as it's based on assumptions, rather than direct statements -- yes, this is probably a valid assumption, but an assumption nonetheless, and definitely not acceptable under Wiki policy.) JoelWhy (talk) 21:27, 14 March 2012 (UTC) * And we get no answer to my question regarding editing under another name then? Anyway, just to put a finish to this, I'll point out that the Assange 'unauthorised autobiography' is a questionable source, according to Assange himself: "Although I admire Mr. O’Hagan’s writing, this draft was a work in progress. It is entirely uncorrected or fact-checked by me". AndyTheGrump (talk) 21:32, 14 March 2012 (UTC) How can Ah Sang be Julian Assange's ancestor if Brett Assange wasn't Julian Assange's biological father? (as I understand it from the article text). The "early life" section is remarkably confusing because of this... All Hallow's Wraith (talk) 09:39, 17 March 2012 (UTC) * Yes - except that I've seen attempts before to argue (using dubious WP:OR) that Brett Assange was Julian Assange's biological father - possible of course, but certainly not backed up in any reliable source. It is confusion because we don't know the details, and are relying on a version of events that comes from someone (Assange) who was hardly in the position to be a reliable witness at the time - and who has in any case made clear that the version given in his 'autobiography' may contain errors. If we report the essentials as available from reliable sources, and avoid going into unnecessary detail over things we can't verify, we can avoid a lot of the confusion. AndyTheGrump (talk) 21:42, 18 March 2012 (UTC) * The article already contains the statement that 'Assange is an angilcization of Ah Sang (Mr. Sang in Cantonese)'. I think this is fitting: origins of name explained (it is a rather unusual name, and I originally guessed it to be some sort of French/Romance name), but without dwelling too much on people of little importance for the article. V85 (talk) 21:27, 18 March 2012 (UTC) * I agree - it explains the unusual name, without complicating matters unnecessarily. AndyTheGrump (talk) 21:42, 18 March 2012 (UTC) Photo of Assange as a boy Anyone want to contact this lady and try to get this photo onto commons? http://twitpic.com/7vh1cp Gregcaletta (talk) 02:01, 20 March 2012 (UTC) * Can't see why - even if it is Assange, he wasn't notable then. How many articles have such photo's? AndyTheGrump (talk) 02:56, 20 March 2012 (UTC) * True, not many do, though I don't see why, since it performs the same function as the other photos, and most book-length biographies would include such photos when available. Gregcaletta (talk) 19:45, 8 April 2012 (UTC) Israel Shamir No mention of Israel Shamir or accusations of antisemitism? I presume this has already been discussed, but can someone confirm? Otherwise I can write a small something based on the below to put in the Criticism section. * His Jewish problem * British magazine: Assange says Jewish conspiracy trying to discredit WikiLeaks * Assange’s Chutzpah ~ Iloveandrea (talk) 04:13, 21 March 2012 (UTC) * israel shamir is a well-known holocaust denier and right wing lunatic. this op ed piece: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/andrewbrown/2010/dec/17/wikileaks-israel-shamir-russia-scandinavia reflects that, and his wiki article has more info - i think there are many, many sources out there that would reflect him as a far from credible source as per WP:FRINGE. Kaini (talk) 05:12, 21 March 2012 (UTC) * Sorry? Who is a 'far from credible source' for what? Are we citing Israel Shamir in the article? As for what Assange was alleged to have said, this seems to come down to an allegation from Ian Hislop that Assange had said something, and a denial from Assange that he said anything of the sort. Maybe Hislop is correct, maybe Assange is - but we don't base articles on unverifiable assertions regarding private conversations. 'Guilt by association' has a long and murky history (and if you are really interested, I could provide plenty of unverifiable assertions regarding 'antisemitism' in Private Eye) - but that is no reason to perpetuate the practice. AndyTheGrump (talk) 04:36, 14 April 2012 (UTC) WP:RECENTISM WP:RECENTISM prohibits statements like: "decision is expected within weeks". In fact, the entire paragraph is in violation of WP:RECENT since it'll become redundant detail after the verdict is delivered. It is PERHAPS suitable for elsewhere but it is certainly not suitable for the lede. Gregcaletta (talk) 19:08, 8 April 2012 (UTC) * Since there are no objections, I will move this material into the body of the article. Gregcaletta (talk) 04:08, 14 April 2012 (UTC) Edit-warring over minor biographical details if i was a mod i'd protect the page til this was resolved. take it to the talk page, people. back-and-forthing like this doesn't make a good article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kaini (talk) 02:52, December 22, 2011 (UTC) Notable details in the lede Not sure who removed it but I came to update the extremely high profile details about this person and the details had all been removed from the lede - WP:LEDE objects completely - sad and sorry state for the reader - I will watch this article again because there is no excuse for that imo. You really can 21:39, 30 May 2012 (UTC) * So when is he being sent back to Sweden? ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 22:29, 30 May 2012 (UTC) * He has been granted another optional appeal to reopen - this will be decided in the next two weeks then if they reject the request to reopen, the subjects only avenue of appeal left is the European Court of Human Rights in in Strasbourg, he might ask them to take a case - if he does then he will remain in the Uk till that is resolved. So, no date yet. You really can 15:35, 31 May 2012 (UTC) Merge Christine Assange into this article An article was recently created on Julian Assange's mother, Christine Assange. As her only notability is related to Julian Assange, I propose that her very short article be merged into this one. Kaldari (talk) 00:17, 6 June 2012 (UTC) * Christine Assange (then known as Christine Hawkins) made nationwide headlines in Australia a few years prior to her son gaining notability, as the organiser to the (never held) "Great Bikini March" protest (mentioned in the wikipedia entry on Taj el Din Hilaly where she is referred to as Christine Hawkins - which is what prompted me to create the entry). Her current public profile is heavily connected to her son and to wikileaks, but her extensive campaigning has made her a notable figure in her own right. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rosabibi (talk • contribs) 00:37, 6 June 2012 (UTC) * Those articles do not say that Christine Assange and Christine Hawkins are the same person, so they can't be used in either article. I support the merging of the material related to Julian unless reliable sources can be found that explicitly discuss Chrisitne Assange in material unrelated to Julian. Gregcaletta (talk) 20:39, 17 June 2012 (UTC) * Disagree on merging - due to JA's limited access to press, Christine has become a vocal free of speech advocate in her own right. E.g., see recent appearances on variety of TV networks, plus meeting with President of Ecuador. Confusing wording Hi, the following passage in the lead section is a bit confusing: * "On 30 May 2012 Assange lost his Supreme Court appeal in England to avoid extradition to Sweden though the court gave Assange a stay of 14 days on the extradition order.[12][13] This final appeal to the Supreme court was rejected and barring any appeal to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, extradition will take place over a ten day period commencing on 28 June 2012.[14]." If "This final appeal to the Supreme court was rejected" is talking about the same appeal as the one just mentioned, then it should be deleted. The article has already said that he lost the appeal, so it is confusing to repeat the same thing again as if it was new information. If, on the other hand, it is talking about something different then the article should explain more about the nature of this second appeal. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:23, 20 June 2012 (UTC) Speaking of confusing / misleading wording; someone has reversed my edit where I corrected the claim that ASsange is of "Taiwanese descent". Assange took the name of his stepfather - these are not his ancestors! Could a moderator please resolve this issue? The article should be referring to his STEP-grandfather. — Preceding unsigned comment added by LyndellaLee (talk • contribs) 09:09, 25 June 2012 (UTC) Statute of limitations? I don't see any discussion of this in the article. I've read that in Sweden for these sorts of crimes it is typically just a few years. If that's the case, then it seems to me a very relevant fact, as he could just stay in the embassy and let the clock run out. Count Iblis (talk) 19:25, 25 June 2012 (UTC) * A good question for the Reference desk/Humanities so that we could better understand Statute of limitations in Sweden (here). As far as this article is concerned I searched for Assange + Statute of Limitations and only found unreliable blogs or forums discussing the question (I also part-searched Assange + Limitations). If anyone finds reliables sources please contribute. I also searched for Assange + Preskription but my lack of Swedish stops me from determining what's reliable and what's not. (Off topic: my wholly non-expert opinion (i.e. wild guess) is that the Statute of limitations in Sweden does not apply once legal proceedings have started.) -84user (talk) 15:21, 27 June 2012 (UTC) About his children. I've been using the webpage for research and I noticed today, that his daughter was added, but really he doesn't want them to be added due to the threats that they've been getting. Here's the video explaining that, go to Youtube and put in "Swedish channel TV4.- Wikileaks founder Julian Assange interviewed by Malou Von Sivers (7-XII-2011) around the 19:20 mark. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Afrofreedom87 (talk • contribs) 19:58, 27 June 2012 (UTC) * The status of Assange's children has nothing to do with the reason we have an article on him. Any mention should be absolutely minimal, if do it at all. HiLo48 (talk) 20:09, 27 June 2012 (UTC) The Contribution I am considering I am new user for the Wikipedia, and I love to make my first contribution about the topic I am really interested. I am considering to add more information about the the election of Austrian Senator that Assange was trying to run. I think this is a very interesting topic and currently there are not many information about the that topic. There are only two sentence under the "Running for Australian Senate". I find some really good news articles about Assange running for the Senate, and I hope I can edit about this ares.Thylakoidd (talk) 04:28, 15 June 2012 (UTC) * Although the date for the next Australian Senate election has not yet been set, it almost certainly won't be for at least another year. Nominations have not yet been called. Given these uncertainties, I believe anything more than the current content on this matter would be undesirable at this stage. But don't let that put you off. Find other areas where you can contribute. And I like your approach of discussing it here first. HiLo48 (talk) 05:00, 15 June 2012 (UTC) * and what is "the current content on this matter" exactly ? Penyulap ☏ 07:06, 18 Jun 2012 (UTC) Hi - the whole issue is self promotional nonsense - if he stands for election we will report it then - until he does is WP:CRYSTAL and pre - recentism - lol - You really can 20:27, 17 June 2012 (UTC) * I think it has little to do with CRYSTAL and more to do with the obvious "ask for a source if you do not know what the editor is talking about", or do some research, either one is good. strange, something so obvious it doesn't have a page (and yes I realise that you know of his announcement) Penyulap ☏ 06:54, 18 Jun 2012 (UTC) * It is relatively rare, though not unheard of, for Australian high profile sports or media or union personalities to announce their intention to run long before any actual election date. Maxine McKew, for example. There were years of speculation and a full eight months between her actual specific announcement and the election. American political candidates do it all the time. Whether Assange will run or not for the next Senate election is still a matter for the future, but he has announced his intention and we can give that a line, perhaps including the additional news from the same source that Wikileaks plans to run a candidate against the sitting PM - just like Maxine. --Pete (talk) * well, that's getting there, as far as i can find out, it's not possible to do anything more than make your intention known, there is nothing to sign up to prior to the opening date is there ? It seems that an announcement from someone like assange that has been well documented is well over the line for inclusion in the article. what next, keep out everyone who didn't win ? Penyulap ☏ 08:26, 18 Jun 2012 (UTC) * (off topic, but it is precisely the sort of thing that is popular in australia afaik. chaser apec stunt shows just how popular subversives are in their public spotlight. I expect that new laws or technicalities will be found to stop him.) Penyulap ☏ 08:33, 18 Jun 2012 (UTC) * Formal nominations for candidature are not made until a few weeks before an election, which in most cases is not announced until a month or so beforehand. Political parties "pre-select" their candidates on their own schedule, typically a year or so in advance of the next election date. Once pre-selected, they are almost certain to nominate at the formal time. The last class of senators took their seats in July 2011, so the next class will take their seats in July 2014, meaning a normal half-senate election will occur between July 2013 and June 2014, most likely in the latter half of 2013, to coincide with the next house of representatives election due then. There is a remote chance (given the current state of the parliament) of an early representatives election at any time followed by a possible full-senate election six months later, which takes us into 2013, anyway. So nothing's going to happen officially for at least six months and more likely a year. He's announced an intention, but nothing may come of it. I've heard nothing about the formation or registration of a Wikileaks party, which would be the logical next step, if he is serious. The only thing we know for sure is that he's announced his intention to run. --Pete (talk) 08:52, 18 June 2012 (UTC) * has there been mention of any party ? if there was no mention of a party, then editors may well have their crystal party, but not until then :) what you have said seems to fit with what i have found about the candidacy for government in australia, that is, it's a matter of announcing. I guess they have no trains there with hot air being exhausted out the caboose for them to festoon with ribbons and so on. So I guess, right now, he is as good as campaigning in some ways, or at least the way they do things down under. Penyulap ☏ 09:15, 18 Jun 2012 (UTC) * I haven't heard of a Wikileaks party being registered. You could check the Australian Electoral Commission website - they handle party registrations. Usually if it's newsworthy, we get to hear about it, like Bob Katter's recent moves. It's not a big story at the moment, and probably won't be. If Assange was serious, he'd be in Australia stitching up preference deals with the Greens and other minor parties. But what I've heard is very little, and that's from the same news sources available to everybody else with access to Google. The bottom line is that nothing is going to happen quickly on this. It's no big deal anyway. Not yet. If it becomes more important, we'll know about it and we'll cover it. Assange isn't going to slip into the Senate without anyone noticing and should that happen, we'll write about it. --Pete (talk) 11:20, 18 June 2012 (UTC) Wikileaks is not running Julian Assange is running. Why is this not in the article ? is it as simple as not understanding Australian politics ? I must say I don't take an interest in it, but I do know the difference between an independent and a party. Where do we stand on mentioning his announcement ? Penyulap ☏ 17:36, 23 Jul 2012 (UTC) Awards Does anyone know when and why his awards were removed from the lede and the infobox? It is standard practice to mention awards in the lede for biography articles, since it establishes the level of notability, and it is even stranger to remove them from the infobox. Gregcaletta (talk) 03:47, 30 June 2012 (UTC) * That got lost two days ago in this edit, probably unintentionally; I have restored it here. -84user (talk) 13:35, 30 June 2012 (UTC) * Great. Infobox section for "awards" is still gone though. I don't know if that was agreed on or just an accident. Gregcaletta (talk) 19:21, 30 June 2012 (UTC) Not n the lede - not notable enough While in England under house arrest, Assange hosted a political talk show called The World Tomorrow, which was broadcast in 2012.[15][16] Hassan Nasrallah, Slavoj Žižek, David Horowitz, Moazzam Begg, Alaa Abd El-Fattah, Nabeel Rajab, Moncef Marzouki, Rafael Correa, David Graeber, Jacob Appelbaum, Jérémie Zimmermann, Andy Müller-Maguhn, Imran Khan, Noam Chomsky, Tariq Ali and Anwar Ibrahim appeared on the show.[17] Basically a spaming of internal links - ( I have removed them all from my post here so as not o repeat the problem) please do not add it to the article again at all - its just not notable at all - never mind to the WP:lede - I suggest you create an article for it if you think its notable - The World Tomorrow, ow its already got one - so just add a simple comment somewhere in the Assange bio - in the see also section perhaps - ow look - on forcing myself to read through the POV trollop see there is a secton already - Julian_Assange - so its all good - as long as users stop removing the facts - the main details from the lede we will be all good - eg - his arrest and imprisonment in Wandsworth Prison- its notable for the lede - as are the major Supreme court details and appeals, please don't remove them and replace the facts/notable facts that readers are looking to be informed about with promotional fluff and support - you that do that do the en wikproject and its readers a disservice. - You really can 02:35, 10 August 2012 (UTC) Damages (TV series) information A lengthy section has been added discussing a character in the Damages TV show similar to Assange. Apart from being very lightly sourced; why is this an important facet of Assange's life to be documented in his biography? Certainly it seems relevant in articles about the TV show, but here? And to cap it off the second half of the new section seems like a rather sly attempt to slander Assange and get away with it. I'll certainly be removing at least that latter portion, but an explanation/defence would be interesting. --Errant (chat!) 14:43, 13 August 2012 (UTC) * I don't see a reason to keep that section. Assange has nothing to do with the series other than maybe being some kind of an inspiration for it, so Assange should maybe be linked from the series' article but not vice versa, which would in my view be purely promotional and possibly even BLP-y, if the picture of the wanna-be Assange turns out to be negative. There was not even a link to The Great Dictator from the devil's article when I just checked, and such a link would be much more reasonable than a link to that novel series from here. I thus will remove the section until there is a consensus if and/or how much of the material should be re-added. Skäpperöd (talk) 15:01, 13 August 2012 (UTC) * OK, here's the section that I appended to the article: Assange-like character in drama series In the fifth and final season of the American television drama series Damages, which began airing in July 2012, actor Ryan Phillippe portrays an Assange-like character, Channing McClaren, which heads a whistleblower website, McClarenTruth.org. In a promotional interview one of the show's executive producers uses the phrase "very loosely inspired by," however Phillippe says in the same segment that he studied all the material about Assange that he could get to, both before and after he got the part. The character played by Phillippe nurtures an enigmatic public image. His reign over his associates is capricious and dictatorial, and he apparently has abusive sexual relations with a female whistleblower who ends up being killed, possibly at the fault of the website having compromised her identity and private information. The Assange-like character displays a callous and pragmatic attitude towards trust and truthfulness in his relations to his legal counsel, and the WikiLeaks-like organization he operates depends on anonymous financial support from questionable donors with agendas of their own. * I will assert that this should be included in the article with an urgency because of the way it clearly encroaches on Assange's ongoing legal challenges, and in so doing gives a heavily partisan depiction of him, basically promoting every pejorative stereotype about him being circulated by his detractors. Millions will watch and absorb these impressions while simultaneously or subsequently being exposed to news coverage of his lingering struggles with those who have an agenda to bash his persona. That makes this a far more important "portrayals in popular culture" episode than any satires of long-gone despots and mass-murderers. __meco (talk) 18:51, 13 August 2012 (UTC) * Do you have a source that says that? Or do you have even an independent source? Given your argument; why does the section you wrote repeat all those stereotypes/pejoratives? --Errant (chat!) 07:24, 14 August 2012 (UTC) * I wrote a description of the Channing McClaren character just as anyone would write about characters in a work of fiction. Writing that "it fits the negative image being projected onto Julian Assange by his detractors" would obviously be grossly original research. That, however, does not mean the description of the character cannot be given to speak for itself. __meco (talk) 08:45, 14 August 2012 (UTC) * It can if that description looks simply like an underhand way to slander him. But that's a side point; you still need independent sourcing to back up your claimed significance. --Errant (chat!) 09:45, 14 August 2012 (UTC) * An independent source is needed for the information and only a sentence, not a paragraph, is appropriate to be included. Silver seren C 10:12, 14 August 2012 (UTC) Chinese immigrant asange doesnt even know who he is. he has a cantonese name but he's taiwanese. come on, make up your mind — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:44, 16 April 2012 (UTC) * I think the article is confused on this point. It says he has Taiwanese ancestry, but then the quotes about this refer to Brett Assange's ancestry. Brett is his stepfather (and maybe adopted father?) not his biological father - so strictly speaking, Assange doesn't have Taiwanese ancestry himself. Unless his biological father happened to be part Taiwanese as well. The claim about Torres Islanders also refers to his stepfather.... <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:19, 19 June 2012 (UTC) The quotes do not all refer to Brett Assange. The first quote is what Julian Assange says himself: 'My grandfather was a Taiwanese pirate..He was a pirate and landed on Thursday Island where he met and married a Thursday Islander woman. They went to Queensland.' - http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2023140/WikiLeaks-Julian-Assange-portrayed-predatory-narcissistic-fantasist-new-book.html#ixzz1yH0tzJ6S — Preceding unsigned comment added by LyndellaLee (talk • contribs) 11:24, 29 June 2012 (UTC) That quote does not refer to Brett Assange, it refers to himself and his background, but he also says Brett has that background in the quotes following that: According to what Julian told Khatchadourian, Brett was the descendant of a Chinese immigrant who had settled on Thursday Island, Ah Sang or Mr Sang. - Making Trouble: Essays Against the New Australian Complacency, Robert Manne (Page 195) Basically, regardless of who is his father may be, he says he has Asian and Australian Aboriginal or Torres Islander ancestry. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wbvoki (talk • contribs) 20:46, 19 June 2012 (UTC) I have just read this article and it seems that the categories are not apropos. Au Sang/Ah Sang / Assang / Assange is the surname from his step-father, but not from his father, who isn't Chinese (or Taiwanese)–Thursday Islander. His mother certainly isn't either of these ethnicities. Furthermore, the name "Ah Sang" in Cantonese is certainly not "Mr. Sang"; if anything at all, it's simply "Sang" (ah, 阿, is a particle common in spoken Chinese dialects, often of the south, such as Hokkien or Cantonese). Pardon me if this sounds incredible and suspect but it seems as though Assange's family history has been and is being rewritten, and that this is further perpetuated by sources. I would recommend removing the categories that are not substantiated, namely "Category:Australian people of Taiwanese descent". It's not as though this article is tagged with "Category:Indigenous Australian people‎" or "Category:Torres Strait Islanders"; let's be consistent and not inappropriate tag the article. --Qwerty Binary (talk) 10:51, 21 June 2012 (UTC) The fact is that the first quote is what Julian says himself - he says "my grandfather", not Brett's grandfather; the second quote is what Julian says about Brett's ancestry; also in one of the citations there is quote from a Wikileaks associate in which he mentions what Julian told him about his ancestry - "at least ten ancestors from various corners of the globe, from the South Sea pirates to Irishmen." The sources substantiate this and that's all that matters. Actually just Assange's own claims about his ancestry don't substantiate anything. His biological father is a chap called I think Shipton. Probably worth investigating whether ASsange is fantasising about his ancestry - as many people do. If he is telling untruths about his ancestry, that's not a good look for someone whose life work is built on truth and transparency, and could well be redolent of the narcissism and hubris tht people accuse him of. * or he could have been taking the piss out of a tabloid reporter, see below. I don't really see how an article with the title 'The WikiFreak: In a new book one author reveals how she got to know Julian Assange and found him a predatory, narcissistic fantasist' can be taked as a reliable source. Totorotroll (talk) 21:52, 16 August 2012 (UTC) Can we please get the facts straight about Julian Assange's ancestry claims? Hi Wikipedians - I've had mild factual corrections removed now several times - and I think it's time Wikipedia arrived at a consensus on Julian Assange's false claims (IMO) about his ancestry. Basically, even adding "step" to "father" to clarify that Brett Assange is Julians's stepfather, has been censored. Why? To further a conceit? His name, Assange, a Chinese-origin name, is the name of his STEP-parent Brett Assange. Brett ASsange has Taiwanese and Australian Indigenous Ancestry. Julian Assange does not. The fact that Julian Assange has STATED (IMO fantasised) this romanticised version of his background does not make it fact. Julian Assange's biological father is of Anglo-Celtic ancestry and there is NO evidence anywhere on the record that either Julian ASsange's mother or father have provided him with "pirate", "South Seas", "Taiwanese", "Thursday Island" ancestries. Wikipedia should not be treated as a forum for allowing personal fantasies to over-ride the facts. There is no public interest (unlike the topic of avoiding mention of Assange's children for security reasons). Frankly, I think the people who are censoring my amendments are very much flying in the fact of Wikileaks transparency. If Julian Assange and his folk don't care to substantiate these "pirate ancestor" claims, they should be expunged. Lyndella Lee — Preceding unsigned comment added by LyndellaLee (talk • contribs) 11:33, 29 June 2012 (UTC) * As mentioned before, I think the Daily Mail reporter got it wrong. There is only one source quoted where he says that he has Torres Strait Islander etc ancestry and it reads like a tabloid article. Even a glance at the headline would suggest that it isn't a reliable source. I suspect that Assange was making fun of the journalist by joking about his ancestry. At any rate, I suggest the stuff be taken out of his early years section. Totorotroll (talk) 21:37, 16 August 2012 (UTC) * One reason why I think he was making fun is this "When I asked if it (his hair) had always been white he said no. ‘It went white as a result of a childhood experiment with a cathode ray tube that went wrong.’ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2023140/WikiLeaks-Julian-Assange-portrayed-predatory-narcissistic-fantasist-new-book.html#ixzz23kQQqwMr Totorotroll (talk) 21:42, 16 August 2012 (UTC) Request for political asylum While it's NPOV to give the British government's response to accusations that it threatened to invade Ecuador's embassy in London, the current lines seem to be original research based on source documents. Editors can't speak for the British government (even if they are agents or officials of that government). You should source this on a news article that reports the British government's response, and use the reported response, not make up your own. Ghostofnemo (talk) 12:53, 16 August 2012 (UTC) Diff of edit: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian_Assange&diff=507653508&oldid=507652537 Ghostofnemo (talk) 12:56, 16 August 2012 (UTC) * I thought the same, but there is a proper source, this one, in yet another footnote, at this moment number 256. Perhaps somebody who's on top of those fiddly cite templates could add a pointer to it at the edit Ghost mentions. Bishonen \| talk 13:56, 16 August 2012 (UTC). First paragraph in "Allegations of sexual assault" section needs to be edited or removed The first paragraph in this section simply duplicated information in the rest of this section, for example 1st paragraph: In 2010, a European Arrest Warrant was issued for Assange in relation to allegations of rape and sexual assault by a lawyer representing two women in Sweden. Assange was arrested in the United Kingdom, and was freed on bail after ten days in Wandsworth prison. 2nd paragraph: In 2010, a European Arrest Warrant was issued for Assange in response to a Swedish police request for questioning in relation to a sexual assault investigation. Assange voluntarily attended a police station in England on 7 December 2010, and was arrested and taken into custody. After ten days in Wandsworth prison, Assange was freed on bail with a residence requirement at Ellingham Hall in Norfolk, England. There is no need for the first paragraph and second paragraph to say the same thing — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:24, 16 August 2012 (UTC) * Thanks. Done. Formerip (talk) 15:40, 16 August 2012 (UTC) Nominated for a prize he didn't win There is no reason to mention the fact that an obscure parliamentarian proposed him for a prize he didn't win in the lead. Virtually anyone can propose ("nominate") anyone for the prize in question, nominees hold no official status, and in fact the committee does not comment upon the proposals it receives, so we can't even verify whether the committee even received such a proposal. Had he won the prize, we would have mentioned it. A failed proposal doesn't belong in the lead. Even Bush and Hitler have been nominated, but it isn't mentioned in the lead sections of their articles. Josh Gorand (talk) 19:21, 16 August 2012 (UTC) * ✅ I agree; I've removed it. John Vandenberg (chat) 03:34, 17 August 2012 (UTC) Unbalanced lede The lede at the moment is incredibly unbalanced, as can be clearly seen. Now, i'm not asking for the paragraph on the extradition to be removed, but there should be two other full paragraphs around the same size as it describing everything else in the article, which is not currently being summarized in the lede when it should be. Silver seren C 22:21, 16 August 2012 (UTC) * I agree. Unfortunately, it is impossible to represent the situation accurately using only a few words, without misleading the reader, so the paragraph either needs to be included in full detail or removed completely. For example, it currently says he was "freed on bail", which leaves out the unusual conditions of his bail (electronic tagging, curfews, daily reports to the police, etc.), and the fact he is not an English citizen and that he was not allowed to return to Australia, which is makes it disgracefully misleading and biased. * I agree that the main solution is to include more stuff relating to the rest of his career. There was a lot of good material that has been removed from the lead. I don't know who did it or what excuse they gave. Mr G (talk) 01:27, 17 August 2012 (UTC) * I'll look into past versions of the article and see if there's anything good there. Silver seren C 03:15, 17 August 2012 (UTC) * There, that's slightly better now. Not great, but better than before. Silver seren C 03:26, 17 August 2012 (UTC) Political and Economic views - relevancy? Who cares if he is a libertarian? What has that got to do with anything that is currently making him notorious? He didn't get a page named after him for being a libertarian!--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:18, 17 August 2012 (UTC) * He has a page because he is an activist who has drummed up a lot of attention for himself. His supporters revere him as a political force; hence his politics is relevant.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:37, 19 August 2012 (UTC) * It's interesting that you know what (all?) his supporters think. What is a supporter of Assange anyway? He's not a football team. HiLo48 (talk) 10:41, 19 August 2012 (UTC) Punishments under the Espionage Act can include the death penalty I am not sure why it states at the end of the section headed Members of U.S. Congress call for Espionage Act prosecution (of Assange) that punishments under the Espionage Act can include the death penalty. The relevant part of the Act quoted in the section provides for a fine or a term of imprisonment of not more than 10 years or both. If other offences in the Act carry the death penalty that cannot be relevant unless there is some reason to conclude that there may be a prosecution under those provisions. I suggest that the actual maximum punishment under the relevant provision be quoted in place of the death penalty reference. --ErnstR (talk) 04:13, 17 August 2012 (UTC) * He claims to "fear for his life", which is hype. The US federal government hardly ever executes anyone. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 04:45, 17 August 2012 (UTC) * Just don't let him get taken to Texas. Silver seren C 04:56, 17 August 2012 (UTC) * Claiming to "fear for his life" is hardly hype. To much of the world the United States is notorious, rightly or wrongly, for executing people on the flimsiest of excuses. Even with execution off the table Assange may genuinely believe in the possibility that he may dissapear into guantanamo like conditions for the rest of his life. Wayne (talk) 09:36, 17 August 2012 (UTC) * The press chief of the Swedish foreign ministry said on Thursday that the fear of Ecuador's foreign minister that Assange would be sent on to the US by the Swedes, and even be executed, are utterly groundless. Both Swedish law and Sweden's obligations under the European convention on human rights mean Assange could not be extradited to the US if he were wanted for a crime which might lead to the death penalty. 2 lines of K 303 09:41, 17 August 2012 (UTC) * The above is perfectly correct, Assange could not be extradited from a signatory Nation to the European Convention on Human Rights for a crime punishable by death, it would be a contravention of their article 3 rights. Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights prohibits torture, and "inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment RobNaylor452 (talk) 10:40, 17 August 2012 (UTC) * Just to clarify, what seems to be a standard procedure in cases such as that is the country wishing to extradite has to agree in advance if convicted they won't face the death penalty, it isn't a get out of jail free card to avoid extradition in cases involving capital crimes. 2 lines of K 303 10:47, 17 August 2012 (UTC) * The sentence looks out of place. In the case of Assange, is there a reliable source making the case that assange can potentially get the death penalty? If the answer is yes, then rewrite it to include who, and put it in the time-order of when the source said it. If there is no source, then its original research and should not be there. The above forum discussion if Assange can get the death penalty is surely interesting, but I am not sure if anyone but maybe a historian law professor can really, truthfully, give a good answer to the question. Belorn (talk) 15:10, 17 August 2012 (UTC) * Forum discussion? If you're referring to me, I'm quoting a reputable Swedish journalist's article translated by the Guardian which says the Swedish foreign ministry said Assange couldn't be extradited to the US if he was facing the death penalty. My comment is a link to the article in question. 2 lines of K 303 15:14, 17 August 2012 (UTC) If the breach is in time of war the death penalty is extended to anyone who "collects, records, publishes, or communicates, or attempts to elicit any information with respect to the movement, numbers, description, condition, or any information with respect to the movement, numbers, description, condition, or disposition of any of the Armed Forces...or with respect to the plans or conduct, or supposed plans or conduct of any naval or military operations." I checked for ammendments and the latest to section 794 was 1994 when a full stop was inserted in the text. From what I have read on the way the prosecution system works in the U.S. the prosecution could arguably stretch the definition to say that the U.S. was technically, if not in fact, at war at the time. Wayne (talk) 16:16, 17 August 2012 (UTC) * Espionage Act US Code, Title 18, Ch. 37, Sec. 794 provides for the death penalty if the breach involves "communications intelligence" or "results in the identification of an individual acting as an agent of the United States and consequently in the death of that individual." I'm assuming that the Wikileaks can be classed as communications intelligence and even if they are not they did reveal the names of people that the Taliban said they would hunt down and punish so if a single Afghan named in the Afghan war logs was executed by the Taliban, Assange indisputably faces the death penalty. * Of course, the espionage act was only ever meant to be applied to citizens of the US. Since applying it to people outside of the US means that we would also have to apply it to any action taken by anyone in another country in relation to communications intelligence. Not to mention that we would have to prosecute any of our own agents that are involved in espionage against other countries that results in the death of someone. Only if we meant to be fair, of course. Silver seren C 19:04, 17 August 2012 (UTC) * Sorry One Night In Hackney, since the whole comment was one large link, I must somehow missed it was a link. At any rate, the press chief of the Swedish foreign ministry (Carl Bildt) do only indirectly say that the Espionage act can be used to give the death penalty to Assange. While not unusable, a source that directly state that the espionage act can be used to give the death penalty to Assange would be better. phrase it a bit more directly, by saying that "charges of treason or espionage and, if convicted, be sentenced to death". Doing some googling, it looks more and more article are bringing up the question. Belorn (talk) 00:21, 18 August 2012 (UTC) * This is complete OR and just for the sake of trivia, really. It's often thought that the European Convention on Human Rights bans the extradition of people from Europe to the US if they might face the death penalty. However, strictly speaking it doesn't. The relevant case is Soering v United Kingdom, which ruled that extradition to the US of a person wanted for murder breached Article 3 of the ECHR because being placed on death row constituted "inhuman and degrading treatment". But it explicitly stated that execution itself was not "inhuman and degrading treatment". * The difference between the UK and Sweden is that the UK has a right under its extradition treaty with the US to deny extradition where the death sentence is a possibility. In political terms, it is inconceivable that it would ever waive this right. Sweden has no similar right in its extradition treaty. So, following the conspiracy theory, if the US can get Assange into Sweden then promise the Swedish authorities that he will somehow get his full appeal rights but no stay if sentenced to execution (how that could be done I have no idea) and also convince a Swedish court that execution would not be disproportionate in view of his alleged crimes then, technically, it can be argued that Sweden would be obliged to extradite him. But, mainly because of Protocol 13, which has happened since the Soering case, extradition would probably be blocked in Strasbourg. Although, who can say for sure? * Thank you for your patience. Formerip (talk) 01:23, 18 August 2012 (UTC) * Since Assange was outside US juridiction territories at the time of receipt of the leaked documents, then most countries would consider that the US would not have jurisdiction, so Sweden should be able to quash any extradiction request on those grounds. (as is happening on the Kim Dotcom case, where it is being claimed that since none of the servers were in US jurisdiction territory, it can't be a US crime; seems to be having traction with the NZ judge.) -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:00, 18 August 2012 (UTC) * That may be true in New Zealand, but for reasons that can only be guessed at (slavishness towards the US?), the UK is fully willing to extradite people to the US to face charges that are not offences in the UK - see for example Gary McKinnon - the Home Secretaries in the UK have acted like eager representatives of US law enforcement in these cases. To my mind the weak point in Assange's PR theatricals is that it's probably much more likely he would be extradited from the UK to the US than from Sweden, where there is a history of defiance of the US pretence that their laws apply globally. Assange plainly wants to not face his accusers in Sweden, to my mind a sign of guilt and he is manipulating the current popularity of anti-British attitudes in S. America, deriving mainly from Argentina. The Ecuadorians may be getting more than they bargain for. :) Jamesinderbyshire (talk) 11:35, 19 August 2012 (UTC) References: -84user (talk) 23:51, 19 August 2012 (UTC) USA extradition Can someone add the USA extradition to Julian Assange article? It seems relevant because of the high public interest and Ecuador's granting asylum to Julian Assange, citing USA's extradition concerns. My contribution: There was an indication of Subpoena by a grand jury served to an individual linked to Wikileaks in relation to Espionage Act (18 U.S.C. 793) due to Guantanamo Bay files leak and also focuses on Bradley Manning. The Subpoena is investigating those who helped Bradley Manning release classified diplomatic cables under 18 U.S.C. 371. Another charge is those that "embezzle, steal, purloin, or knowingly convert ... any record, voucher, money, or thing of value of the United States." under 18 U.S.C. 641. The charges strongly indicate a criminal investigation against Wikileaks. Stratfor's emails leaked by Wikileaks have discussions surrounding a secret grand jury with a secret indictment. Later, a media organisation received declassified diplomatic cables that confirm a secret indictment exists. The documents go on to state that Australia has no objection to a potential extradition to USA. The Australian government confirmed the possibility of extradition but stated that it wasn't unusual as there was an ongoing investigation about Wikileaks. They point out that USA may not intent on extraditing Julian Assange. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:31, 18 August 2012 (UTC) * Someone mentioned the article wasn't locked, so I moved my contribution below 'Autobiography' section as it relates to his work on Wikileaks. I didn't put it under 'Members of US Congress call for Espionage Act prosecution (of Assange)' as this section goes beyond 'criticism', but into charges. I'm not sure if this is the most appropriate section. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:06, 18 August 2012 (UTC) <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:20, 18 August 2012 (UTC)Is the article from today's Sydney Morning Herald admissable under the guidelines?<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:17, 18 August 2012 (UTC) References: -84user (talk) 23:51, 19 August 2012 (UTC) Hostilities between Ecuador and Britain Shouldn't this diplomatic row have a separate article? If Britain does invade the embassy, then it is an act of war. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:51, 18 August 2012 (UTC) * In your mind maybe. But no, I highly doubt Ecuador would go to war with the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, aswell as the European Union, the United States of America and face ramifications, even possible exclusion, from the UN. Most likely Ecuador will make some disapproving noise and carry on. There is no need for an article about a diplomatic row. Aldwynson (talk) 13:28, 18 August 2012 (UTC) * The invasion of the sovereign territory of one country by the forces of another under arms would usually constitute an act of war, regardless of whether war is declared or enjoined or not. The armed British police invading the embassy would be such an act (so it could be a very short war, composed of a single British police action). -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:54, 18 August 2012 (UTC) * Nope. The Ecuadorians have agreed to an embassy on British soil in full understanding of British Law - they've had plenty of time to close it down in face of the known British law, and continued to maintain the embassy. No act of war, by law. Aldwynson's prediction of the probable response is no doubt spot-on. HammerFilmFan (talk) 15:08, 18 August 2012 (UTC) * An embassy is the sovereign territory of the nation who's embassy it is. That's under international law, and common practice, including common English practice. Violating the embassy would be an invasion, since the police will be armed, it would be an armed invasion. British Law no longer applies once the embassy was granted, since it is no longer the sovereign territory of Britain. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:53, 19 August 2012 (UTC) * You need to carefully read the British statute that the UK are citing to use to go in and get him VERY carefully. This supercedes international law. HammerFilmFan (talk) 05:52, 20 August 2012 (UTC) * Many things "supercede" international law, but then tend to lead to international court actions, and other such things, like war crimes tribunals. Though in this case, Ecuador can file abduction charges against the entire assault team, in Ecuadorian courts, and have Interpol run it up the flagpole. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:16, 20 August 2012 (UTC) * I read an analysis that Britain could simply break off diplomatic relations with Ecuador and expel the ambassador and his staff, where upon the building would lose its diplomatic status and the police would be free to move in and arrest Assange. Diplomatic relations would then be restored sometime later. --Nug (talk) 08:29, 19 August 2012 (UTC) * The building is not an embassy! Ecuador's budget does not stretch beyond one flat. There are some other embassies by banana countries that cannot afford London property prices in the same building. The corridors and stairways are British. If the British weren't being so nice about it, they could make his life very nasty.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:44, 19 August 2012 (UTC) * Hans Crescent is the official Embassy of Ecuador in the UK, regardless of size - an Embassy can be a garden shed so long as it's accepted by the host state. Perhaps you are confusing their embassy with their Consulate in Uganda House where they provide consular services? Jamesinderbyshire (talk) 11:38, 19 August 2012 (UTC) * There is Foreign relations of Ecuador which now has a brief section on Anglo-Ecuadorian relations, sadly concentrating on the Assange incident for want of any other significant issues. By the way, foreign diplomatic premises are merely regarded as sovereign territory of the country concerned, rather than actually becoming foreign territory - a subtle distinction, but otherwise it would be impossible for the host country to reclaim the territory if the embassy ever moved. Sam Blacketer (talk) 17:46, 19 August 2012 (UTC) The embassy building is the sovereign territory of the United Kingdom. They have merely agreed to grant it extraterritorial status, but they can revoke this at any time, within a week's notice per British law, which Ecuador was fully aware of when they established their embassy there. Diplomatic and extraterritorial status is granted by the host country (the United Kingdom). For any "hostilities" to arise, the banana republic in question would have to declare war on not only the United Kingdom, but automatically its military allies, the NATO. If Ecuador wants to declare war on the NATO, go on. Its entire territory will be NATO territory within days, and Assange will have no Ecuador to go to. Josh Gorand (talk) 18:47, 19 August 2012 (UTC) It's not like Ecuador has a right to have an embassy in that particular building for eternity. There are many different reasons a host country could determine that an embassy would have to move or close. This doesn't affect the diplomats who have been granted diplomatic status, but Assange has not been granted diplomatic status by the British government. Josh Gorand (talk) 18:53, 19 August 2012 (UTC) * What's with the outright contempt for Ecuador being shown here by some editors? Any post describing the country as a banana republic is obviously so non-objective as to be worthless. Such posts should be universally condemned in the same way as BLP breaches. HiLo48 (talk) 23:31, 19 August 2012 (UTC) * I was going to ask the same question. Are you guys calling it a "banana republic" solely because of this Assange affair, or that you've had some unpleasant encounters with people from Ecuador, or something else? I can understand if you criticize President Correa for the decision but badmouthing the entire nation simply doesn't make sense to me. --BorgQueen (talk) 23:40, 19 August 2012 (UTC) * It is a spectacularly clueless term to apply anyway - the term 'banana republic' was first applied to countries run by local gangsters/oligarchs in the interests of foreign (i.e. U.S.) monopolistic primary-sector traders. Whatever its faults, Ecuador can hardly be seen as a puppet of the United Fruit Company or similar. AndyTheGrump (talk) 23:51, 19 August 2012 (UTC) * The regime in Ecuador is hardly a model of democracy and human rights. But that's not the point of contention here, the issue is the British law allowing, under certain circumstances, the denial of political asylum granted on their territory (for instance, if ANY embassy had granted asylum to a world-reknowned terrorist such as an Al-Quaeda leader, that would no doubt be overruled and the UK gov't would go get that person.) HammerFilmFan (talk) 05:57, 20 August 2012 (UTC) * In any such case, it would still be an attack on the territory of another nation. Remember when alQaeda attacked the American embassies in Africa, the US government stated it was acts of war against the US, and not against the host countries. So, if Britain invades an embassy, it would similarly be an act of war. It would certainly be a causus belli. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:21, 20 August 2012 (UTC)	WIKI
User:Somsakol hi my name is Somsakol Tantichinda. My nickname is Gene. i love to play soccer. my favoutire team is Liverpool	WIKI
Wikipedia:Templates for deletion/Log/2008 June 23 Template:ORW The result of the debate was redirect Happy‑melon 20:48, 3 July 2008 (UTC) Less accurate version of Uw-nor1, not a test template, maybe a good redirect. MBisanz talk 21:35, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Redirect. Stifle (talk) 13:08, 24 June 2008 (UTC) * Comment if this closes as a redirect, could the closing admin remember to categorize the redirect to Category:Redirects from warning template, thank you. MBisanz talk 09:02, 27 June 2008 (UTC) * Redirect per nom - don't see the need for a separate template. Terraxos (talk) 01:23, 1 July 2008 (UTC) Template:SW starfighter The result of the debate was delete Happy‑melon 20:45, 3 July 2008 (UTC) In-universe template superseded by Template:Infobox Fictional Spacecraft. No articles link to SW starfighter. --EEMIV (talk) 20:16, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete per nom. --Thetrick (talk) 04:16, 25 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete, same reason as below. Terraxos (talk) 01:22, 1 July 2008 (UTC) Template:SW Craft The result of the debate was delete Happy‑melon 20:46, 3 July 2008 (UTC) In-universe template superseded by Template:Infobox Fictional Spacecraft. No articles link to SW Craft. --EEMIV (talk) 20:15, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete per nom. --Thetrick (talk) 04:16, 25 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete - redundant to a better template. Terraxos (talk) 01:22, 1 July 2008 (UTC) Template:Serbs Greeks <div class="boilerplate vfd" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"> The result of the debate was delete <b style="color:forestgreen;">Happy</b>‑<b style="color:darkorange;">melon</b> 20:49, 3 July 2008 (UTC) Single use template. There's no reason for it to exist, because it basically includes stuff about each nation, not about the links between the two nations. bogdan (talk) 18:31, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete, doesn't aid in navigation because it links primarily to articles outside the main topic (i.e. the seperate histories of Serbia and Greece, not relations between them). --Kevlar (talk • contribs) 19:18, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete, unused template with very little potential. Stifle (talk) 13:09, 24 June 2008 (UTC) Template:Benjamint444 <div class="boilerplate vfd" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"> The result of the debate was delete <b style="color:forestgreen;">Happy</b>‑<b style="color:darkorange;">melon</b> 20:50, 3 July 2008 (UTC) Personalized GFDL image template with image metadata. Unused. Thetrick (talk) 14:58, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete, orphaned. Stifle (talk) 13:10, 24 June 2008 (UTC) Template:Singapore Squad 2004 Tiger Cup <div class="boilerplate vfd" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"> The result of the debate was delete <b style="color:forestgreen;">Happy</b>‑<b style="color:darkorange;">melon</b> 21:13, 3 July 2008 (UTC) It is not a top regional event. The old argument is, if every tournament have a TP, Ronaldo have 1X (Olympic, U-20 etc). — Matthew_hk t c 13:21, 23 June 2008 (UTC) "I also nominated . Matthew_hk t c 13:23, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete both, WP:IINFO. Stifle (talk) 13:10, 24 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete as the competition is not the AFC's top confederational tournament. – PeeJay 11:02, 25 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete, even if it was a top level event. Resolute 02:38, 27 June 2008 (UTC) Template:List of Box office number-two films (USA) <div class="boilerplate vfd" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"> The result of the debate was delete <b style="color:forestgreen;">Happy</b>‑<b style="color:darkorange;">melon</b> 21:14, 3 July 2008 (UTC) This is a template for completely pointless lists. #2 at the box office is about as arbitrary as it comes. And in the end, it doesn't tell us much. Some of these films were actually flops. Lists are only relevant if they tell us something and these really don't. — WoohookittyWoohoo! 13:15, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete per nom. And somebody prod/afd the parent articles as indiscriminate info. --Thetrick (talk) 14:27, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Comment Articles have been deleted so this navbox is now redlinked. --Thetrick (talk) 21:08, 1 July 2008 (UTC) * Comment. I will prod the articles. --WoohookittyWoohoo! 15:49, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete, and thanks for prodding the articles. Stifle (talk) 13:12, 24 June 2008 (UTC) Template:Nor <div class="boilerplate vfd" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"> The result of the debate was redirect to Template:OR-note <b style="color:forestgreen;">Happy</b>‑<b style="color:darkorange;">melon</b> 21:19, 3 July 2008 (UTC) Redundant, unused version of OR-note probably a good redirect though. Not used in current systems. MBisanz talk 09:16, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Redirect to OR-note as redundant. Juliancolton <sup style="color:#666660;">Tropical <sup style="color:#666660;">Cyclone 20:10, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete Don't redirect this to since such a redirect is hardly obvious, in fact what springs to my mind is the Boolean nor. J IM ptalk·cont 08:30, 24 June 2008 (UTC) * Redirect to OR. Stifle (talk) 13:13, 24 June 2008 (UTC) * Comment if this closes as a redirect, could the closing admin remember to categorize the redirect to Category:Redirects from warning template, thank you. MBisanz talk 09:02, 27 June 2008 (UTC) Template:Imgwarn <div class="boilerplate vfd" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"> The result of the debate was Delete (db-policy) Lenticel ( talk ) 23:27, 23 June 2008 (UTC) I can't actually figure out the purpose of this template, looks like some sort of image spoiler warning, not used anywhere and only linked to one or two pages, delete as obsolete/confusing. MBisanz talk 09:12, 23 June 2008 (UTC) Template:Nsvd-4 <div class="boilerplate vfd" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"> The result of the debate was redirect to Template:Uw-vandalism4im <b style="color:forestgreen;">Happy</b>‑<b style="color:darkorange;">melon</b> 21:22, 3 July 2008 (UTC) old, one-off, hard to read template, rather BITEy and poorly formatted, not used in current systems. MBisanz talk 06:08, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete, unnecessarily unfriendly. Stifle (talk) 13:13, 24 June 2008 (UTC) * Comment if this closes as a redirect, could the closing admin remember to categorize the redirect to Category:Redirects from warning template, thank you. MBisanz talk 09:02, 27 June 2008 (UTC) * Redirect to Uw-vandalism4im, which is the 'official' version of this template. (I wouldn't suggest deletion, as it might be in use somewhere, and it's not any more 'BITE-y' than that one.) Terraxos (talk) 01:21, 1 July 2008 (UTC) Template:2010 FIFA World Cup qualification - CAF First Group Round (Group 10 ACN) <div class="boilerplate vfd" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"> The result of the debate was no consensus to do anything, certainly not delete. Resolute raises a good point, but all the many templates used in the world-cup pages need to be handled together, not piecemeal. <b style="color:forestgreen;">Happy</b>‑<b style="color:darkorange;">melon</b> 21:27, 3 July 2008 (UTC) Chad is not disqualified from FIFA World Cup. So they will still play at the qualification rounds of FIFA World Cup. However, no teams from the first round would directly qualify to the South Africa finals. Also, the qualified teams of second round is based on the first round. So there is no any meaning of this template. Raymond "Giggs" Ko 03:04, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * The World Cup (WC) and African Nations (AN) qualification tournaments are supposed to be one and the same tournament. However, Chad's disqualification from the AN means that their results will not be included for AN qualifying. As CAF show and state themselves, there is an AN version of group 10 which does not include Chad's results. This would affect the qualifiers to the second round of what is supposed to be a unified qualification process. This leaves the possibility of different qualifiers for the WC and AN second rounds, different ranking of the top 8 runners-up and different seedings. However, CAF have not fully clarified any possible changes in the qualification tournament. * Chad's disqualification could not only directly affect the WC qualification process, but the WC qualification page doubles as the AN qualification page, and is linked to from 2010 African Cup of Nations. As such a) this template is perfectly valid as AN qualification 1st Round Group 10, and b) it is valid to show it on the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF)/2010 African Cup of Nations Qualification page. Aheyfromhome (talk) 10:35, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Keep. As Ahey explained, there is a difference between the two CAF group ten templates due to the concurrent nature of the two tournaments and the fact that one team has to be excluded from the table from one competition's standings but not from the other. This is the simplest way to do that. Unless there's suddenly a change of heart from the various football governing bodies, this is the only practical solution to the displaying of the tables for the two separate but intertwined competitions. Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 12:42, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Eh, I think that CAF has no right to do that. Because CAF is no right to disqualify Chad for the World Cup. The regulations from FIFA stated that the qualification stage of Africa Cup of Nations doubles the World Cup qualification. That's why South Africa, the 2010 FIFA World Cup host, still have to play in the World Cup qualification. South Africa's situation implied that the teams which play in Second Group Stage (or should say Third Round, according to FIFA), are based from the result of the Africa Cup of Nations, not FIFA World Cup. So not including Chad in the list implies that Chad is also disqualified from the qualification of World Cup, which CAF is no right to do. Raymond "Giggs" Ko 02:29, 24 June 2008 (UTC) * Well, that's exactly the dilemma. What the problem seems to be though is more the name of the template than its contents, if I'm reading you right. There are two separate templates for "CAF group 10", one for World Cup qualification and the other for ACN qualification. This one is for the ACN qualification group, though it makes sense to have it as well as the FIFA World Cup one even though they largely repeat the same information, simply because the competing teams are different in their degree of Chadness. This needs to be kept for that reason, though calling it something different to indicate that is nothing to do with World Cup qualification would make sense. Grutness...<small style="color:#008822;">wha? 09:14, 24 June 2008 (UTC) * Speedy keep, no valid reason to delete has been made out. Deletion debate has been started in lieu of taking up the content dispute on the talk page. Stifle (talk) 13:14, 24 June 2008 (UTC) * Why are we creating templates useful in only one article? Subst and delete Resolute 02:41, 27 June 2008 (UTC) Template:-5 <div class="boilerplate vfd" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"> The result of the debate was Speedy delete as a candidate for most pointless and badly-named template in the history of Wikipedia. Stifle (talk) 13:17, 24 June 2008 (UTC) Provides an html link to an image on commons. Not used. Thetrick (talk) 01:15, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Delete What is this template use for? Raymond "Giggs" Ko 02:30, 24 June 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Giggs for Temporary (talk • contribs) * Delete Unused, unuseful and badly named (minus five?). J IM ptalk·cont 08:32, 24 June 2008 (UTC) Template:CJwelcome <div class="boilerplate vfd" style="background-color: #e3f9df; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"> The result of the debate was already deleted <b style="color:forestgreen;">Happy</b>‑<b style="color:darkorange;">melon</b> 21:20, 3 July 2008 (UTC) A user's personalized welcome for Australia and Adelaide. Probably should be userfied. Thetrick (talk) 00:20, 23 June 2008 (UTC) * Comment I've moved this template to User:CJ/welcome, added a db tag to the original, and added a note on the talk page. I hope this was the right procedure. --Thetrick (talk) 00:40, 27 June 2008 (UTC)	WIKI
Page:Natural History, Reptiles.djvu/69 Rh which trout are most abundant, white-perch, catfish, and alligator-gars, or devil-fish. Thither in the early part of autumn, when the heat of a southern sun has evaporated much of the water, the squatter, the planter, the hunter, all go in search of sport. The lakes then are about two feet deep, having a fine sandy bottom. Frequently much grass grows in them, bearing crops of seed, for which multitudes of water-fowl resort to those places. The edges of these lakes are deep swamps, muddy for some distance, overgrown with heavy large timber, principally cypress, hung with Spanish-beard, and tangled with different vines, creeping plants, and cane, so as to render them almost dark during the day. Here and there in the lakes are small islands, with clusters of the same trees, on which flocks of snake-birds, wood-ducks, and different species of herons, build their nests. Fishing-lines, guns, and rifles, some salt and some water, are all the hunters take. Two negroes precede them, the woods are crossed—the scampering deer is seen—the racoon and the opossum cross before you—the black, the grey, and the fox-squirrel are heard barking. As you proceed further on, the hunk, hunk, of the lesser ibis is heard from different parts, as they rise from the puddles that supply them with cray-fishes. At last the opening of the lake is seen. It has now become necessary to draw oneself along the deep mud, making the best of the way, with the head bent, through the small bushy growth, caring about nought but the lock of your gun. The long, narrow, Indian canoe, kept to hunt these lakes, and taken into them during the fresh, is soon launched, and the	WIKI
Skip Navigation YOUR SPINE YOUR HEALTH You are only as old as your spine is healthy. Your spine and pelvis form the structural center of the body and also the protective housing for the central nervous system which the master system of the body, responsible for perception of the world around you and control of all functions inside the body. Your spine has three parts: Passive, active and control. The passive part includes the bones (vertebrae) and disks. These are passive because they can only move where they are pulled by the active part which is the muscles around the spine. The control part is the central nervous system which tells the muscles when and how to work and therefore directly controls the whole spine. The nervous system is like, the conductor of the orchestra; the muscles are the musicians and the bones, the instruments. The passive and active parts continuously send messages to the control part, which helps the control part be a better conductor. It’s like a perfect team. What is a healthy spine? A healthy spine is just that; a perfect team. The three parts work in perfect harmony and balance with each other. The bones maintain an optimal position with very low stress on the joints and disks. This is seen as good spinal posture. The muscles know how to keep the bones and disks in the most appropriate position for the demands of every moment. This prevents damage when moving, lifting, twisting etc. A healthy nervous system (control system) is vital or the whole system breaks down, a bit like an orchestra with a bad conductor. A healthy nervous system makes sure that the spinal muscles know when to relax and rest when they don’t need to be tense. This is important or else muscles get tired and painful and become bad workers. A healthy nervous system always keeps one eye on the inside of your body and the other eye on the outside world to make sure you adapt to the challenges of life in a productive way. Adaptability is the secret to health. What is an unhealthy spine? An unhealthy spine occurs when the nervous system (control part) loses its control and leaves the other parts to do their own thing irrespective of what is appropriate for the moment. It’s like a breakdown in team work. This means that the muscles (active part) become continuously tense and imbalanced which causes tiredness and prevents smooth, balanced movement within the bones and disks (passive part). This leads to arthritis and disk problems which can never really heal properly unless the spine gets its internal balance back. When the passive, active and control systems start to lose their communication, balance and harmony, we start to get signs and symptoms of an unhealthy spine. 10 common signs of an unhealthy spine are as follows: • Persistent aches, pains and tension around the pelvis, back and neck areas. • Headaches • Bad posture (uneven shoulders, hips, head position) • Problems with shoulders, hands, knees, legs and hips. • Difficulty in bending, twisting or turning. • “Cracking” sounds coming from the back and neck when moving. • Difficulty taking a satisfying deep breath. • Uneven wear on the soles of shoes. • Difficulty finding a comfortable position in bed. • Persistent feelings of stress and low energy levels. What causes an unhealthy spine? The short answer is stress overload, but we must clarify what we mean by stress. The spine is subject to both physical and psychological type stress. Physical stress occurs with too much or inappropriate exercise like too much lifting and twisting, especially with heavy objects and bad lifting technique. Physical stress primarily overloads the passive and active parts which then lead to tired and tense muscles and damaged joints and disks. Psychological stress is a different story. This type of stress overloads the control center (the central nervous system) which makes life very difficult for the spine and the rest of the body. When the nervous system gets overloaded with psychological / emotional type stress it switches into ‘defense mode’, which is like a ‘shutting down’ of the system for protection. Defense mode results in the active muscles locking into a state of continuous tension, which makes life difficult for the bones and disks, which again can lead to arthritis and disk problems. This is why people feel more aches and pains when they are ‘stressed out’. Long term nervous system defense also interferes with your immune, hormonal and digestive systems, which are all controlled from nerves that come from the spine. It’s like an orchestra who’s conductor gives up half way through a concert and leaves the players to struggle through by themselves. In the spine, ‘struggling’ feels like you can’t move with the freedom you want, you are afraid to do physical activities you enjoy, and you feel constant restriction in your body. This is what happens when the nervous system is stuck in ‘defense mode’ and does not have the strategy to get out of it. Many people lift something or make a simple every day movement and hurt their back and blame the object lifted or the movement. The truth is that when the nervous system is exhausted, the spine becomes so vulnerable that even small physical movements lead to damage. What does Chiropractic do? Chiropractors use their hands to perform specific chiropractic techniques called spinal adjustments or entrainments, which gently realign the spine, taking tension of the nervous system and therefore off other areas of the body. There are many techniques used by chiropractors depending on their style of practice. The most holistic, gentle and far reaching technique is called ‘Network Spinal Analysis’ which involves gentle painless contacts with the hands on areas of the spine where the brain and body have the strongest connections, combined with different breathing techniques. The result is that the 3 parts of the spine, passive, active and control start to work with coordination and harmony. Your spine starts to move more freely. You start to feel you are in control of your spine. Chiropractors do not; prescribe drugs, provide injections or perform surgery, this remains the field of medical doctors. Research studies in England, Australia and USA have shown chiropractic patients to have good results in the reduction of blood pressure, asthma and digestive problems, psychological stress and overall quality of life. The Chiropractic approach has been shown to be not only effective but extremely safe, with no dangerous side effects. For this reason, in countries where Chiropractic is better known many people are turning to chiropractic first before more dangerous interventions like drugs and surgery. Increasing numbers of people in are also using chiropractic even when they are well, in order to maintain good health and prevent future problems.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
4. Broad Street During the time of Dutch Colonial rule, Broad Street wasn’t always a street. In a 19th-century map of 1642 New Amsterdam, this pathway was marked as the “Common Ditch.” For a time, what we now know as Broad Street was Heere Gracht which translates to “The Lords or Gentleman’s Canal.” This canal flowed from Pearl to Beaver Streets and emptied into the East River from 1646 to 1676. When the English took over, the canal was filled in and the street created on top of it was dubbed Broad Street in 1692. Due to the fact that the street was once a canal, it was wider than usual. Another street that derives its name from the time of the Heere Gracht is Bridge Street. Known in 1658 as “Brugh Straet,” this Dutch street was a bridge over the canal and its current name comes from the translation.	FINEWEB-EDU
SS München SS München was the name of a number of ships. * SS München (1922), a Norddeutscher Lloyd liner which was sunk on 9 February 1945 by SOVIET SUBMARINE S-13 with the loss of over 2,000 lives. * SS München (1936), a cargo ship which was scuttled by her crew on 2 April 1941 after being intercepted by HMCS Prince Henry (F70). See also: * SS Munich (1908)	WIKI
Understanding Achilles Tendinopathy: Causes, Symptoms, and Physiotherapy Treatments At Connect Physiotherapy & Exercise, our experienced physiotherapists regularly encounter a condition known as Achilles tendinopathy. This inconvenient Achilles tendon pain affects many people, from seasoned athletes to casual walkers. This basic guide aims to help you understand Achilles tendinopathy, thereby enabling you to protect your health and maintain your active lifestyle. Achilles Tendinopathy: A Common Source of Achilles Tendon Pain The Achilles tendon, a sturdy band of connective tissue, links your calf muscles—the gastrocnemius and soleus—to your heel bone (posterior calcaneus). When this tendon experiences an injury—at the mid-portion or the insertion, or to varying degrees from a strain to a tear—it leads to Achilles tendinopathy. Causes and Pathophysiology of Achilles Tendinopathy Achilles tendinopathy typically occurs when the load on your Achilles tendon or calf muscles increases significantly in a short time frame. This surge often occurs when you push your physical boundaries, such as running longer distances or intensifying your tennis game without sufficient preparation. In addition to overuse, improper exercise techniques, unsuitable footwear, or training on challenging terrains can compound the stress on your Achilles tendon, raising the risk of this common Achilles tendon pain. While Achilles tendinopathy frequently affects athletes, particularly those participating in running, soccer, volleyball, track and field, and racquet sports, it doesn’t discriminate. Factors like aging, obesity, high foot arches, unstable ankles from previous ankle sprains, and excessive foot pronation can also lead to chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Recognizing the Symptoms of Achilles Tendinopathy Early detection of Achilles tendinopathy can significantly enhance the effectiveness of its management. Initial symptoms may include localized pain or stiffness around your Achilles tendon, often intensifying during the morning or warm-up exercises but usually subsiding as the day or activity progresses. Chronic tendinopathy can result in persistent Achilles tendon pain and interfere with routine activities such as walking. Physiotherapy for Achilles Tendinopathy: An Effective Approach Physiotherapy for Achilles tendinopathy offers promising outcomes, especially when initiated early. Conservative approaches such as activity modification, basic strength exercises, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), under the guidance of your physician or pharmacist can provide significant relief. In acute cases, rest, coupled with a gradual reintroduction of low-load exercises and soft tissue work for the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, can expedite recovery. For chronic Achilles tendinopathy, concentric and eccentric exercise for the mainstay of treatment. Effective Exercises for Achilles Tendinopathy Management The exercise regimen for Achilles tendinopathy differs based on the condition’s stage. In acute cases, isometrics and cyclic low threshold loading exercises, such as cycling or walking, help avoid deconditioning and stiffness without causing further harm. Additionally, these isometric muscle contractions have shown to reduce pain in the short term and make continued sport participation more manageable. These are gentle movements aimed at stimulating muscle activity and maintaining flexibility. For chronic tendinopathies, physiotherapy often includes eccentric training of the calf muscles. Eccentric exercises concentrate on muscle lengthening under load, often involving controlled, slow movements like calf raises. Also, proprioceptive training involving balancing tasks can be beneficial when preparing to return to sport. Dealing with Achilles tendinopathy can be challenging, but with the right guidance and treatment, recovery can be significantly enhanced and quality of life improved. At Connect Physiotherapy & Exercise, our team works with you to create a personalized physiotherapy for Achilles tendinopathy plan, aligning with your specific needs and goals. We’re here to help you alleviate your Achilles tendon pain and get you back to your best! For more information on the specifics of tendinopathy check out our blog post: A Guide to Tendinopathy: Risk Factors, Treatment Guidelines and 10 Things to Avoid. https://connectpt.ca/a-guide-to-tendinopathy-risk-factors-treatment-guidelines-and-10-things-to-avoid/ *Remember, while knowledge is power, self-diagnosis and treatment can be risky. While this blog provides useful information, it’s essential to see a trained professional for proper diagnosis and management. Every person is unique, and so is their recovery journey. At Connect Physiotherapy & Exercise, we’re all about personalized care. Let us help you navigate your path to recovery. References Schub, E., & Richman, S. (2012). Achilles tendinopathy. Maffulli, N., Sharma, P., & Luscombe, K. (2005). Achilles tendinopathy: aetiology and management. Podiatry Now, 8(4), 26-30. Roche, A., & Calder, J. (2013). Achilles tendinopathy: A review of the current concepts of treatment. Bone & Joint Journal, 95B(10), 1299-1307. Ruben San Martin Headshot Ruben San Martin Ruben, MScPT, CSCS, NCCP Level 1 Olympic Weightlifting, is a physiotherapist uniquely blending research expertise in applied anatomy with a certified strength and conditioning coach background. Specialized in manual therapy, back disorders, exercise, and osteoarthritis, he is also a certified Olympic weightlifting coach. Prioritizing exercise therapy and hands-on manual techniques, Ruben emphasizes client education for active engagement and informed recovery. His writing aims to help clients return to an active lifestyle, optimize performance, and prevent injuries.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
0 votes Hallo, I'm trying to build a function that will have two parameters $Containrer and $Filter $filter - is a LDAP filer that serach some specific objects $Containrer - is a container in which $filter should looks for object Function shoud return list of distinguishedNames ob finded objects So at first I try make some simple code to transform it into function but I dosn't work. [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Softerra.Adaxes.Adsi") $admNS = New-Object "Softerra.Adaxes.Adsi.AdmNamespace" $admService = $admNS.GetServiceDirectly("localhost") $userSAM = "%samaccountname%" $searcher = $admService.OpenObject("Adaxes://$GroupsContainerDN", $NULL, $NULL, 0) $searcher.SearchFilter = "(&(objectClass=group)(extensionAttribute1=$userSAM))" $searcher.SearchScope = "ADS_SCOPE_SUBTREE" $searcher.SetPropertiesToLoad(@("distinguishedName")) $searchResults = $searcher.ExecuteSearch() $array = @{} foreach ($object in $searchResults.FetchAll()) { $DN = $object.Properties["distinguishedName"].value $array += $DN } $searchResults.Dispose() The code should returned a list of DN's , but I got "You can add another hash table only to a hash table' Seams that $DN is treated by powershell as a hash table, is it possible to workoroud it somhow? by (510 points) 1 Answer 0 votes by (216k points) selected by Best answer Hello, You are declaring $array as a hash table, but trying to work with it as with an array. To remedy the issue, you need to declare it as an array. To do this, replace the following line: $array = @{} with the following: $array = @() Related questions 0 votes 1 answer Hello! We are currently trying to use the REST API to search for all group objects in our domain, but the search result is only returning 1000 objects. We tried supplying a ... the request. Is there a way to retrieve more than 1000 objects using the REST API? asked Feb 16, 2022 by KelseaIT (320 points) 0 votes 1 answer Have a csv file of users that I need to import into Adaxes. I had initially found an article for this, but upon going today, it gave me an error (looks like it was deleted). Thank you asked Nov 19, 2022 by wangl (20 points) 0 votes 1 answer Hello, I need to check, from a csv file, if users exist or not. I do not have the login name but only the atributs Name givenName The output must be another csv file ... " --> False or True Is there an Adaxes script existing doing this? Thanks in advance! asked Feb 4, 2019 by tentaal (1.1k points) 0 votes 1 answer Hello, We did implement LAPS & Bitlocker in our AD environment. To let the helpdesk retrieve those information, we created a bunch a custom command that fetch the AD and log ... mail, but this is not possible as we have a "no password per email" policy asked Mar 20, 2017 by Pierre (750 points) 0 votes 1 answer Any idea why Softerra.Adaxes.Adsi.Search.DirectorySearcher is not getting loaded? PS C:\Windows\system32> [Reflection.Assembly]:: ... Object], PSArgumentException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : TypeNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.NewObjectCommand asked Aug 14, 2019 by Brajesh (460 points) 2,993 questions 2,712 answers 6,988 comments 203,586 users	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Page:Catalog o‌f Copyright Entries 1977 Books and Pamphlets Jan-June.djvu/289 A825077 — A825119 A825077. Eucopean Markets for ledical uitrasODic equipneot, Noveaber 1976. 1 v. Add. ti: E194 aedical altrasonics larket xq Earope. Frost and SalliTan, Inc.: 1Nov76; A825077. A825078. Collection of D-Carol patterns for 1976. 1 T. Appl. aui Carolyn H. DeAngelis. Carolrn a. OeAnqelis; 1Jal76: A82507e. A825079. Pine Grove area eleientary kindergarten proqraa. By Joanne fl. Eofraao, AoA E. Bechsteiner S Katbryn L. Otto. 51 p. & Hoffian, Bechsteiner & Otto: 23Jan76: A8250 79. A825080. The Sensuous line: Indian drauings froB the Paul F. Halter collection. By Pratapaditya Pal & Catherine Glynn. 72 p. Huseua Associates of the Los Angeles county Buseua of Art; 22Jun76: A825080. A825081. Exhibit of isospacion. 1 p. Appl. au: Terry Dean Frick \|I. Fcick) O Terry Frick: 1Feb77: A825081. A82S082. The College of Billiaa and ^ary in Virginia, 1976-1977, including faculty and staff aeabers, student directory. 1 v. Add. ti: Student directory, including faculty and staff: College of Hilliaa and Hary in Virginia, Moveaber 1976; Student directory of the College of Billiaa and aary: The College of Billiaa and aary telephone directory, 1976-77. Appl. au: College of Billiaa and aary S. Dean Olson. college of Billiaa aiid Bary in Virginia: 2Dec76: A8250a2. A825083. Transaission lines: laboratory aanual for ELK 225. 1 V. C Bake Technical Institute; 17Dec76; A825083. Ae2S08ll. li-Guarde; instructions and playing surface. Sheets (J p.) Appl. au: aarco Fiorentino. C Sarco Fiorentioo: 27Dec76; A8250 8II. A825085. The Scarab papers. Folder (6 p.) Appl. au: The Tellurian Coapany, Ltd. & Gene Kieffer (John Gichtel) Ba: new aaterial C revisions. C The Tellurian Coapany. Ltd. ; 10Dec76; A825085. A82S086. Flying saucers: an analysis of the Air Force Project Blue Book .special report nuaber 14, including The C.l. A. and the saucers. By Leon Davidson. 5th ed. 1 v. Leon Davidson: 25Dec76: 1825086. A825087. Zodiacards. 4 p. Appl. au: H. P. Sheridan a. k.a. Billiaa P. Sheridan. O Billiaa P. Sheridan: 22Jan77: A825087. A82S088. TV outlines for Psychology 101: General psychology. Edited by Saauel B. Schnitzer. Sheets (78 p.) C Oepartaent of Psychology, Indiana State University: 7Jan77; A825088. A825089. Franco- ao Industries, Incorporated rebuilt carburetors, fully guaranteed, exchange proqraa. 1 v. Franco-Ho Industries, Inc.: 23Dec76: A825089. A825090. Bodel 2711 alara/control systea application/enqineeriuq/interface data and theory of operation. 2nd ed. 1 v. Appl. au: aaqnetic Controls Coapany. ADC, division of Hagnetic Controls Coapany (in notice: ADC) : 8Apr76: Ae25090. A825091. 1911 signal test unit user aanual. 2nd ed. 1 v. Appl. au: aagnetic Controls Coapany. 6 ADC, division of aagnetic Controls Coapany (in notice: ADC) : 5aay76; A825091. A825092. aodel 27 11 alara/control systea systea aanual. 3rd ed. Sheets. fieprinted froa 2711 alara/control systea aanual. Appl. au: Hagnetic Controls coapany. 6 ADC, division of aagnetic Controls Coapany (in notice: ADC); 19Aug75: A825092. A825093. aodel TC-llA transaission test controller user aanual. 2nd ed. 1 v. Appl. au; aagnetic Controls Coapany. ADC, division of aagnetic Controls Coapany (in notice: ADC): 16Apr7e; A825093. A82S09l(. Basic techniques of bluegrass banjo. All songs arr. Billiaa Joel Bivers. 34 p. Joel Bivers: 3Jan77: A825094. A825095. Booa for thought. 1 v. Appl. au: Beqina Kotkovski. S Begina KotkoHski; 1Jun76: A825095. A825096. Financing for Hew England faras: hov to raise capital by selling stock, a basic guide to equity financing and its application to the fara enterprise. Issued by Fara Equity Finance Division, Aaerican Board of Trade, Mew Haapshire, Inc. 10 p. Appl. au: Aaerican Board of Trade, B.U., Inc., Bea England Fara Finance Section. Aaerican Board of Trade. Bev Baapshire, Inc.; 14Jun76: 1825096. A825097. Society of Bale Chauvioisa. 1 p. Appl. au: Jaaes S. Cronen. MB: revisions 6 additions. Jaaes S. Cronen; 9Dec76 ; 1825097. A825098. The Poinsettia library of Christaas handicrafts. Vol. 1-5. O Tower Press, Inc.: 300ec76: A825098. A825099. Deep woods and silent pathways. By Jaaes E. Bipley. 52 p. Appl. states all new except p. 5, pre v. reg. 197a. Jaaes a. Bipley: 10Dec76; Aa25099. 1825100. Jia Blecha photography. 1 v. Jia BlecLa d.b.a. Jia Blecha Photography; 7Dec76: 18^5100. 1825101. fiedwora order fora: Pineywoods Bora Gardens. 2 p. Add. ti: Pineywoods Bora Gardens redwora order fora. Appl. au: Jaaes 8. Lansdowne. d Jaaes K. Lansdoane; 290ec76: AS2510 1. A825102. Pineywoods wora growers agreeaent. 1 p. Appl. an: Jaaes u. Lansdowne. 6 Jaaes B. Lansdowne: «Oct76: 1825102. 1825103. Passions in the sand. By Barbara Cartland. 167 p. d Barbara Cartland; 17aay76; 1825103. 1825104. In Inqel in hell. By Barbara Cartland. 150 p. Barbara Cartland; 14Jun76: A825104. A825105. The Aaerican woaan's gazetteer. By Lynn Sherr 6 Jurate Kazickas. 271 p. O on new textual aaterial e new pictorial aatter; Lynn Sherr & Jurate Kazickas; 17Bay76: 1825105. 1825106. 1 Handbook of the Onited Nations. By Jack Eraest Vincent. 238 p. MB: substantial editorial revision. Barron's Educational Series, Inc.; 25Jan77 (in notice: 1976) ; 182S106. 1825107. Cheaistry. By Bichael J. Balsa e Stanley B. Kaplan. 1 v. (Barrons Begents eiaas and answers) BB: additions. Barron*s Educational Series, Inc.; 25Jan77; A825107. A82510a. 1 Dictionary of laerican idioas. By Hazine Tull Boatner t John Edward Gates, rev. ed. edited by Idaa Bakkai. 392 p. HHi update added. Barron's Educational Series, Inc.; 26Jan77: A825108. A825109. Honthly charts, aonth ending January 31, 1977. Vol. 1-2. Issued by Quantitative Analysis Service, departaent of Hertheia and Coapany, inc. Appl. au: Balvin B. Boesch G Sobert P. Sanna. Quantitative Analysis Service; lFeb77; 1825109. A825110. Beeting h uaan needs. Vol. 2: additional perspectives froa thirteen countries. Editors: Daniel Thursz & Joseph L. Vigilante. 286 p. O Sage Publications, Inc.; 17Dec76: A825110. A825111. Bespicatory distress syndroae of shock and trauaa: post-trauaatic respiratory failure. By Frank Billiaa Blaisdell t Frank B. Lewis, Jr. 237 p. O B. B. Saunders Coapany: 25Jan77: A825111. A825112. Psychology; understanding behavior. By fiobert A. Baron, Donna Byrne t Barry B. Kantowitz. 652 p. H. B. Saunders coapany: 25Jan77; A825112. A825113. Biology. By Claude .>. Villee. 7th ed. 980 p. O B. B. Saunders Coapany: 25Jan77: A825113. A82S114. Econoaics: a aodern view. By John Lindauer. 865 p. e B. B. Saunders Coapany: 25Jan77: A825114. A825115. Buaerical coapoting and aatheaaticai analysis. By Stephen H. Pizer. 529 p. Ba: additional text. Stephen B. Pizer; 21Bar75; 1825115. 1825116. Data processing. By Bike Burach. 416 p. BB: additional text. O Bike Burach: 1lpr75; 1825116. 1825117. Borals and values: readings in theoretical and practical ethics. Edited by Barcus George Singer. 462 p. BB: general introd., chapter introductions, pref., note to the student 6 coapilation. e Charles Scribner's Sons; 4Jan77; 1825117. 1825118. Dalton Truabo. By Bruce Cook. 343 p. Bruce Cook; 4Jan77; A8251I8. A8251t9. Gallows way. By Daoaa ainston. 351 p. Daoaa Binston; 14Dec76: A825119. These entries alone may not reflect the complete Copyright Office records pertaining to a particular work. Contact the U.S. Copyright Office for information about any additional records that may exist.	WIKI
other-pregnancy-conditions High blood pressure in pregnancy High blood pressure is often harmless but very high blood pressure can be a sign of pre-eclampsia High blood pressure in pregnancy Your blood pressure will change during your pregnancy as your body adjusts. Your midwife will check this at your antenatal appointments and will make you aware if it’s high. At a glance • High blood pressure can be harmless • Very high blood pressure may be a sign of pre-eclampsia Why might I have high blood pressure in pregnancy? If you have high blood pressure in pregnancy before week 20 it’s possible that it was a pre-existing condition and will continue to be high after the birth of your baby. If you start to experience high blood pressure after week 20 it’s called gestational hypertension and will usually go away after the birth. The reason for this increase in blood pressure isn’t fully understood, but it’s thought it could be down to the development of the placenta and the blood vessels within. It’s for this reason that high blood pressure in pregnancy can lead to a condition called Pre-eclampsia which can cause serious complications for your babies development if left undiagnosed and untreated. Your midwife will regularly check your blood pressure at antenatal appointments and if they discover you have high blood pressure they will advise you on what to do next. Should I be worried about high blood pressure in pregnancy? High blood pressure is fairly common in pregnancy and in the majority of cases it won’t cause any problems for you or your baby. The earlier you experience high blood pressure in pregnancy the more chance you have of developing pre-eclampsia. You’re more likely to experience high blood pressure earlier if you’re overweight, or already have history of high blood pressure. How is high blood pressure in pregnancy treated? If your midwife discovers that you have high blood pressure during your pregnancy they will likely suggest extra monitoring along with blood and urine tests. They may also book you in for further scans to ensure the development of your baby is going smoothly. If your blood pressure remains high but you don’t develop pre-eclampsia, your midwife will continue to monitor your blood pressure and may suggest you lower your salt intake. If you have high blood pressure in pregnancy and develop pre-eclampsia, your midwife will monitor you more closely with check-ups and may prescribe some medication in an attempt to lower your blood pressure. Will high blood pressure in pregnancy harm my baby? If you experience high blood pressure in pregnancy, there’s a good chance your pregnancy will go smoothly and have no negative effects on your baby, however if it’s very high and you have pre-eclampsia there’s more risk to your baby. You will have regular scans and tests to ensure that your baby is still growing correctly, and remains healthy. In extreme cases of pre-eclampsia it may be required to induce labour to deliver the baby, but this will only be a last resort in a small number of cases. At a glance • High blood pressure can be harmless • Very high blood pressure may be a sign of pre-eclampsia Pregnancy conditions	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
razoreqx Members • Content count 702 • Joined • Last visited Community Reputation 127 Good 2 Followers About razoreqx • Rank Villager • Birthday 10/30/1966 Contact Methods • Website URL http://forum.wurmonline.com/index.php?/topic/133419-razors-edge-ages-of-urath-saga/ Profile Information • Gender Male • Location http://AgesofUrath.com • Interests http://forum.wurmonline.com/index.php?/topic/133419-razors-edge-ages-of-urath-saga/ Recent Profile Visitors 2430 profile views 1. Ages of Urath You have to apply to get the password: http://AgesOfUrath.com 2. [Released] Disable Tree Collisions I was going to reply to this as well.. If you think modding cheats is something to force CC to fix exploits in PVP good luck with that.. This and all the other client side exploit / anti game mechanics hacks which give select players an advantage over another player is why I'll never focus on PVP on our server.. Also yes.. Tree collision is NOT something done on the server side.. There is nothing an admin can do can turn this feature on or off. It was forced on us with a previous patch. The only option to make it fair for an entire server population is write a mod for the server modloader that pushes it out as a client mod.. sigh 3. Ages of Urath Nekash's Mystery Event Start: Saturday, Sep 3, 06:00:00 pm (GMT -4) Event End: Saturday, Sep 3, 07:30:00 pm (GMT -4) Created By: [Staff] Nekash An event for anyone and everyone. The more participants the better the prizes. Summoning will be available, you cannot be on a horse, cart or boat. 4. Ages of Urath Application required for access. We're no longer public. 5. Hey Razor. My son and I were playing on your server but now it has been locked. Any way we can get back in? 6. Thanks for rebooting my clusters with no warning sigh Please tell me you just moved my servers to a dedicated rack so I can stop bashing you for the 2k im paying you a year! 7. [old thread] Great players, good staff, and a warm community. +1 8. Items get deleted after bugged unfreezing Sorry I probably didn't help this in the Bug report thread, nor the OP on this thread...but I do appreciate your efforts in doing something with WU it was never intended to do. Hopefully you don't get to offended about my frustrations in that thread this morning. Most important when I say "CC" I'm not talking to you or the developers because I know who's doing the work and the limited staffing. My fault is my own mostly. I have had a clear vision which definitely exceeded that of which WU was marketed for. I wanted that ultimate sandbox world for more than just friends but a whole community. Some of my best friends have been made from opening up public servers to strangers and meeting new people. I never intended to compete with Wurm because my development path isn't even focused on the same gameplay (but its success does sell more copies of WU). I wont bore anyone with the details of my vision because this is by no means an advertisement.... That said.. We burned out a coder, and most of my staff because of limitations with the WU engine as it stands. My frustrations got the best of me this morning and I pulled a pretty drastic move by closing down my server to the public to try and salvage the great GM's and CA staff we have, and a super community of old and new friends over the last year. 9. Ages of Urath Hi Very little has been modded to add overhead. IN fact most of the mods are bandaids to fix bugs 5 mods to be exact and we're still losing the battle on poll timers and micro lagging. I appreciate your feedback. I do think we have a great staff and im glad to hear other people see that too. There is no delay on meditation but the path questions are default. I think You'd really have to ask someone online. The breeding timers are vanilla and vary. This actually seems buggy because the poll timers are behind.. When these zone checks aka poll times / timers get delayed things like age / decay are also effected. Hope you continue to enjoy the game. I dont plan on ever shutting down, but I cant promise the server will eventually ###### itself if we dont get some serious rewrite of the way the game polls zones on maps..... Cheers. 10. Bug reports! The bottom line and the truth: 1. No hosting provider listed on this forum is going to handle more than (2) 4k maps in a log in / cluster configuration. CC should have recommended a small map for a login server when they introduced the cluster configuration. #fail 2. Im not spending $2,000+ on hosting a game per year. If you have 50+ users on a 4k map with 1 cluster your poll timers will average 2s per zone eventually as the map fills up with any item that ages, decays.... Yes about everything in the game. [03:40:31 PM] INFO com.wurmonline.server.Server: Lag detected at Zones.pollnextzones (0.5): 0.616 seconds [03:40:41 PM] INFO com.wurmonline.server.zones.Zone: Zone at 1024, 3840 polled 6 tiles. That took 1737.9359 millis. [03:40:41 PM] INFO com.wurmonline.server.Server: Lag detected at Zones.pollnextzones (0.5): 1.742 seconds [03:40:41 PM] INFO com.wurmonline.server.Server: Elapsed time (1743ms) for this loop was more than 1 second so adding it to the lag count, which is now: 785 (4 hours of up time 29 users on login 10 on cluster) as an admin if you can understand whats going on above you'll know what this means. Yup.. im averaging 1 to 2s poll timers per tick... The login server is collecting so much garbage has lag counts empty! Yes Empty. Im not hosting these servers on crap.. Its on a dedicated machine (the highest Citadel has to offer and your bill will be $2400 per year ..... when my pre paid year is up im done with this provider. Sorry... and yup.. I've got X5 32 core Enterprise servers at home i was hosting on but didn't have DDOS protection so I moved it to a hosting company. Even on these servers I can see poll timers go up empty of players.... CC is throwing high end servers instead of fixing poll timer issues on WO.. Even with GV as a login server Xanadu runs like crap! Any player who still plays there knows im speaking the truth. When Urath goes down... Which eventually it probably will, players will either quit playing WU or move to another server and pound it into the ground. Ive burned out a coder trying to bandaid this world we're creating, and a staff that gets to hear tons of complaints daily about lag and other issues related to the above. We're getting tired.. Im getting tired... I dont get paid for this. It should be fun right? Getting pretty tired of it.. Really sorry but I needed to vent.. I see no light at the end of this tunnel.. Just a train. If i could make one recommendation to CC without making a lot of changes to the 6000 lines of code involved in the polling cycles i would make one.. add a configuration flag in the Wurm.ini to turn off polling a deed or just turn off decay on deed. Your worst enemy is containers within containers. The amount of time it takes to loop through storage containers inside storage containers is INSANE! I password protected Ages of Urath. Its by referral only.. I wish the public servers the best of luck. Cheers 11. the idea sounds fun but If you liked Everquest and you like complex systems but with as little or as much micro management as you want, and dont require immediate gratification from doing a single action you will love Wurm. I promise you. It can be a mix of real time strategy, and kingdom building, and even survival depending on the server that Everquest never had. You couldn't build a ship with your own virtual hands, and sail around a complete virtual world in EverQuest. Its probably one of the most original open sand box games ever created. (personal opinion) If you're looking for modern graphics, combat sequences mixed with lots of animation for each, and thats all you care about...and require an end game scenario so you can say you beat the game... probably not for you. SO my answer is... Unity and unreal engines mean your looking for the latter, and here is your challenge with those engines to date... You're going to have a ton of terraforming issues with broken mesh, and geo tears.... but hey... you'll get your modern graphics you're looking for.. you just lose all the things that make Wurm Unique. Variable bridges, variable houses, movable, shapeable terrain. 12. Bug reports! hahaha!!! 13. Bug reports! You have to email her 14. Bug reports! Yea its a pretty serious issue. We're always over max creature count, though ive not done all the homework you did here, both my clusters are a mess (yes also did a full creature purge). They still ignore aggro ratio.. we have a mod that deletes {#destory command basically} any creature thats not in a whitelist <ondeed, branded, hitched, blah blah> Old creatures aggo and domestic. It runs aggressively on startup and constantly during normal operation purging creatures around the map. Guess what?? We're still over spawn limits Glad you took the time to map it all out.. I just say "yo.... Keenan.. Aggro ratio is still jacked up, and your ignoring #maxcreature counts" "My dungeon lairs wont spawn sigh"	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Home > Articles > Home & Office Computing > Mac OS X Foundation: The Objective-C Standard Library • Print • + Share This David Chisnall goes through the most important aspects of the OpenStep Foundation framework., which covers the core functionality of the Cocoa development environment and even provides a number of features that would typically be thought of as part of the language, such as reference counting and message forwarding. Don't miss David Chisnall's live webcast on Cocoa Programming, brought to you by Safari Books Online. Thursday, March 18 1pm EST / 10am PST Learn More This chapter is from the book The "core" Objective-C language only defines two classes: Object and Protocol. It is rare to use Objective-C without an implementation of OpenStep Foundation, whether it's GNUstep, Cocoa, libfoundation, or Cocotron. The Portable Object Compiler provides its own set of core objects, but it is not widely used. The OpenStep Foundation is the closest thing that Objective-C has to a standard library, the equivalent of the C standard library or C++'s STL. Of course since Objective-C is a pure superset of C, the C standard library can also be used. The original idea was to do exactly this, and use Objective-C for building components from C software. Foundation was only introduced with OpenStep to hide the differences between NeXTSTEP's Mach-based operating system and Solaris, and to make it easier to write endian-independent code. Most of Foundation is endian-independent, which was a huge benefit when Apple moved from the big-endian PowerPC to the little-endian x86 architecture. 4.1 General Concepts Although the Foundation framework is very large, it is quite easy to learn. A lot of the classes share common design principles. When you understand these shared concepts, you can learn how to use each of the individual classes quickly. 4.1.1 Mutability Objective-C does not have a concept of constant objects. This is not quite true; the const keyword from C still exists, but it only applies to direct access to instance variables. Methods cannot be marked as mutators and so any messages sent to an object may modify it, irrespective of whether the object pointer is const-qualified. In many cases, however, it is useful to have mutable and immutable versions of objects. This is often done in object-oriented systems by having mutable and immutable classes. Strings are a common example. If you create an Objective-C string literal @ "like_this" then you are creating a constant string. The compiler will put this string in the constants section of the binary—attempting to modify it will cause a segmentation fault. Having to create a new string and copy can make a program very slow, however. This is one of the reasons Java code has a reputation for being slow; Java's String class is immutable, and since it is declared final you can't use Cocoa's solution to the problem, a mutable subclass. The NSString object is an immutable string. It has a subclass, NSMutableString. Because the mutable version is a subclass, it can be used anywhere that the immutable version can. It implements all of the same methods. The distinction between mutable and immutable objects is most apparent in the implementation of the -copy method. When you send a -copy message to an immutable object, you often get the same object back (but with the retain count incremented). Because you cannot modify either "copy" they can never become different from each other. This ability is one of the reasons why Objective-C programs are often faster than C++, in spite of microbenchmarks showing the opposite. In a C++ program, the equivalent with std::string objects would result in a real copy. A C++ string might be copied half a dozen times, whereas a Cocoa string will only have its reference count incremented and decremented. 4.1.2 Class Clusters Although NSString is the class for immutable strings, your string literal will not really be an NSString. Instead, it will be an NSConstantString or similar. This class is a private subclass of NSString, used for a specific purpose. This is very common in Cocoa. There might be half a dozen or so different implementations of common classes, such as NSDictionary, all optimized for different uses. When you initialize one, you will get back a specific subclass, rather than the abstract superclass. There are two ways in which this can be done. The first is to return a different subclass from each constructor or initializer. The second is to use the same instance variable layout and use a trick known as isa-swizzling. The isa pointer, the pointer to the object's class, is just another instance variable. In keeping with the "no magic" philosophy of Objective-C, there is nothing special about it. You can assign a new value to it if you wish. As long as both the new and old classes have the same layout in memory, everything will keep working. (If they don't, you will get some difficult-to-debug memory corruption.) Class clusters make subclassing slightly difficult. Typically, each of the hidden classes in a cluster implements only a small number of primitive methods. In NSString these are -characterAtIndex: and -length. All of the others are implemented in the superclass in terms of these. If you want to create a new NSString subclass, you must implement these methods yourself. It is common to do this by having a concrete instance as an instance variable and delegating to it, although you can implement the primitive methods yourself. Of course, there is nothing stopping you from implementing more than just these two primitive methods. You may be able to implement more efficient versions of some of them. You can implement class clusters of your own very easily. Typically, you will have a set of different initializers in the public class, and each of these will return an instance of a different subclass. To demonstrate this, we will define a simple class encapsulating a pair of values. Listing 4.1 shows this interface. Note that no instance variables are declared here. In the implementation file, we define two concrete subclasses of the Pair class, one for storing integers and one for floating point values. These are shown in Listing 4.2. Neither of these defines any new methods. Since these interfaces are private, there would be no point in adding new methods since no one would know to call them. They do, however, define the structure. Class clusters implemented like this allow entirely different data layouts for different implementations. The implementation of the public class, shown in Listing 4.3, is very simple. Most of the methods just return simple default values, since they should not be called. A more robust implementation might throw an exception. Listing 4.1. The public interface to the pair class. [from: examples/ClassCluster/Pair.h] 3\| @interface Pair : NSObject {} 4\| - (Pair) initWithFloat:(float)a float:(float)b; 5\| - (Pair) initWithInt:(int)a int:(int)b; 6\| - (float) firstFloat; 7\| - (float) secondFloat; 8\| - (int) firstInt; 9\| - (int) secondInt; 10\| @end Listing 4.2. The private interfaces to the concrete pair classes. [from: examples/Class-Cluster/Pair.m] 3\| @interface IntPair : Pair { 4\| int first; 5\| int second; 6\| } 7\| @end 8\| @interface FloatPair : Pair { 9\| float first; 10\| float second; 11\| } 12\| @end Listing 4.3. The implementation of the public pair class. [from: examples/ClassCluster/-Pair.m] 14\| @implementation Pair 15\| - (Pair) initWithFloat: (float)a float: (float)b 16\| { 17\| [self release]; 18\| return [[FloatPair alloc] initWithFloat: a float: b]; 19\| } 20\| - (Pair) initWithInt: (int)a int: (int)b 21\| { 22\| [self release]; 23\| return [[IntPair alloc] initWithInt: a int: b]; 24\| } 25\| - (float) firstFloat { return 0; } 26\| - (float) secondFloat { return 0; } 27\| - (int) firstInt { return 0; } 28\| - (int) secondInt { return 0; } 29\| @end The important thing to note is the [self release] line in both initializers. Typically, an object will be created by first sending +alloc to the Pair class and then sending the result the initialization message. The object returned from +alloc is not required, and so is released here and a new object returned instead. Listing 4.4 shows the implementations of the private pair classes. Each of these only implements a single constructor, the one relevant to its data type. The accessor methods then either return instance variables or casts of instance variables, allowing both kinds of pair to return ints or floats. One method from NSObject is implemented by both, -description, which provides a human-readable description of the object. Note that neither of these call the designated initializer in the superclass; this is quite bad style, but was done to simplify the example. Listing 4.4. The implementation of the private pair classes. [from: examples/ClassCluster/Pair.m] 31\| @implementation IntPair 32\| - (Pair) initWithInt: (int)a int: (int)b 33\| { 34\| first = a; 35\| second = b; 36\| return self; 37\| } 38\| - (NSString) description 39\| { 40\| return [NSString stringWithFormat: @"(%d,_%d)", 41\| first, second]; 42\| } 43\| - (float) firstFloat { return (float)first; } 44\| - (float) secondFloat { return (float)second; } 45\| - (int) firstInt { return first; } 46\| - (int) secondInt { return second; } 47\| @end 48\| @implementation FloatPair 49\| - (Pair) initWithFloat: (float)a float: (float)b 50\| { 51\| first = a; 52\| second = b; 53\| return self; 54\| } 55\| - (NSString) description 56\| { 57\| return [NSString stringWithFormat: @"(%f,_%f)", 58\| (double)first, (double)second]; 59\| } 60\| - (float) firstFloat { return first; } 61\| - (float) secondFloat { return second; } 62\| - (int) firstInt { return (int)first; } 63\| - (int) secondInt { return (int)second; } 64\| @end Users of the pair class now don't have to be aware of either of the private classes. A simple test program that creates one of each can demonstrate this. Listing 4.5 shows a short program that just creates two pair objects and logs them. The format string provided to NSLog will cause the -description method in each to be called. Listing 4.5. Demonstrating the pair classes. [from: examples/ClassCluster/test.m] 1\| #import "Pair.h" 2\| 3\| int main(void) 4\| { 5\| [NSAutoreleasePool new]; 6\| Pair floats = [[Pair alloc] initWithFloat:0.5 float:12.42]; 7\| Pair ints= [[Pair alloc] initWithInt:1984 int:2001]; 8\| NSLog(@"Two_floats:_%@", floats); 9\| NSLog(@"Two_ints:_%@", ints); 10\| return 0; 11\| } Running this program gives the following output: 2009-01-14 14:27:55.091 a.out[80326:10b] Two floats: (0.500000, 12.420000) 2009-01-14 14:27:55.093 a.out[80326:10b] Two ints: (1984, 2001) A more full implementation of this cluster would have named constructors, such as +pairWithInt:int:, which would avoid the need to allocate and then free an instance of the Pair object. The alternate way of avoiding this, as mentioned earlier, is to use isa-swizzling. The Pair class might have two instance variables that were unions of an int and a float. Implemented in this way, the initializers would look like this: - (Pair*) initWithFloat: (float)a float: (float)b { isa = [FloatPair class]; return [self initWithFloat: a float: b]; } This first line in this implementation sets the class pointer to the subclass, and the second calls the method again. Because the class pointer has changed, the second call will invoke the subclass implementation of this method. Each subclass would then refer to the correct field in the union. • + Share This • 🔖 Save To Your Account	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long. 149 lines 4.8 KiB use crate::{ inbox::{ community_inbox::{community_receive_message, CommunityAcceptedActivities}, get_activity_id, get_activity_to_and_cc, inbox_verify_http_signature, is_activity_already_known, is_addressed_to_community_followers, is_addressed_to_local_user, user_inbox::{user_receive_message, UserAcceptedActivities}, }, insert_activity, }; use activitystreams::{activity::ActorAndObject, prelude::*}; use actix_web::{web, HttpRequest, HttpResponse}; use anyhow::Context; use lemmy_db::{community::Community, DbPool}; use lemmy_structs::blocking; use lemmy_utils::{location_info, LemmyError}; use lemmy_websocket::LemmyContext; use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize}; use std::fmt::Debug; use url::Url; /// Allowed activity types for shared inbox. #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Deserialize, Serialize)] #[serde(rename_all = "PascalCase")] pub enum ValidTypes { Create, Update, Like, Dislike, Delete, Undo, Remove, Announce, } // TODO: this isnt entirely correct, cause some of these receive are not ActorAndObject, // but it still works due to the anybase conversion pub type AcceptedActivities = ActorAndObject<ValidTypes>; /// Handler for all incoming requests to shared inbox. pub async fn shared_inbox( request: HttpRequest, input: web::Json<AcceptedActivities>, context: web::Data<LemmyContext>, ) -> Result<HttpResponse, LemmyError> { let activity = input.into_inner(); // First of all check the http signature let request_counter = &mut 0; let actor = inbox_verify_http_signature(&activity, &context, request, request_counter).await?; // Do nothing if we received the same activity before let actor_id = actor.actor_id()?; let activity_id = get_activity_id(&activity, &actor_id)?; if is_activity_already_known(context.pool(), &activity_id).await? { return Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().finish()); } // Log the activity, so we avoid receiving and parsing it twice. Note that this could still happen // if we receive the same activity twice in very quick succession. insert_activity(&activity_id, activity.clone(), false, true, context.pool()).await?; let activity_any_base = activity.clone().into_any_base()?; let mut res: Option<HttpResponse> = None; let to_and_cc = get_activity_to_and_cc(&activity)?; // Handle community first, so in case the sender is banned by the community, it will error out. // If we handled the user receive first, the activity would be inserted to the database before the // community could check for bans. // Note that an activity can be addressed to a community and to a user (or multiple users) at the // same time. In this case we still only handle it once, to avoid duplicate websocket // notifications. let community = extract_local_community_from_destinations(&to_and_cc, context.pool()).await?; if let Some(community) = community { let community_activity = CommunityAcceptedActivities::from_any_base(activity_any_base.clone())? .context(location_info!())?; res = Some( community_receive_message( community_activity, community, actor.as_ref(), &context, request_counter, ) .await?, ); } else if is_addressed_to_local_user(&to_and_cc, context.pool()).await? { let user_activity = UserAcceptedActivities::from_any_base(activity_any_base.clone())? .context(location_info!())?; // `to_user` is only used for follow activities (which we dont receive here), so no need to pass // it in user_receive_message( user_activity, None, actor.as_ref(), &context, request_counter, ) .await?; } else if is_addressed_to_community_followers(&to_and_cc, context.pool()) .await? .is_some() { let user_activity = UserAcceptedActivities::from_any_base(activity_any_base.clone())? .context(location_info!())?; res = Some( user_receive_message( user_activity, None, actor.as_ref(), &context, request_counter, ) .await?, ); } // If none of those, throw an error if let Some(r) = res { Ok(r) } else { Ok(HttpResponse::NotImplemented().finish()) } } /// If `to_and_cc` contains the ID of a local community, return that community, otherwise return /// None. /// /// This doesnt handle the case where an activity is addressed to multiple communities (because /// Lemmy doesnt generate such activities). async fn extract_local_community_from_destinations( to_and_cc: &[Url], pool: &DbPool, ) -> Result<Option<Community>, LemmyError> { for url in to_and_cc { let url = url.to_string(); let community = blocking(&pool, move \|conn\| { Community::read_from_actor_id(&conn, &url) }) .await?; if let Ok(c) = community { if c.local { return Ok(Some(c)); } } } Ok(None) }	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Gitlab Merge Request Decoration Stopped Working SonarQube server: 8.2.0.32929 GitLab CE (self hosted): 12.9.1 We’ve had GitlLb merge request decoration working for awhile now. It has all of a sudden stopped working with no configuration changes. We keep both our SonarQube and GitLab always up to date. Is there a change in the latest version of GitLab that is keeping the merge request decoration from working? SonarQube is displaying the warning on the merge request: Merge Request decoration failed. Please check your configuration and the connectivity to GitLab however nothing has changed about the configuration. Hello, is there any useful information on your ce.log ? Should appear at the end of the analysis task. Thank you for the quick response. It seems that restarting SonarQube server has fixed the issue. I have attached the log though. Looks like a connect time out. Not sure what’s causing that. We run both GitLab and SonarQube in a private VPC within AWS. sonarqube_ce.txt (625.1 KB) We actually run into this issue all the time. Restarting the server seems to fix it for a day or two, then it’s back to not working. Is there anything we can do to fix this permanently? Hi, please give a try at the workaround described here	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
4.0.0 io.micrometer micrometer-core 1.0.2 com.google.code.findbugs jsr305 3.0.2 compile true org.hdrhistogram HdrHistogram 2.1.10 compile org.latencyutils LatencyUtils 2.0.3 compile HdrHistogram org.hdrhistogram io.dropwizard.metrics metrics-core 3.2.6 compile true com.google.guava guava 23.0 compile true com.github.ben-manes.caffeine caffeine 2.6.1 compile true net.sf.ehcache ehcache 2.10.4 compile true javax.cache cache-api 1.0.0 compile true com.hazelcast hazelcast 3.8.9 compile true org.hibernate hibernate-entitymanager 5.2.13.Final compile true org.eclipse.jetty jetty-server 9.4.8.v20171121 compile true org.apache.tomcat.embed tomcat-embed-core 8.5.28 compile true com.netflix.hystrix hystrix-core 1.5.12 compile true ch.qos.logback logback-classic 1.2.3 compile true io.projectreactor reactor-core 3.1.4.RELEASE compile true org.aspectj aspectjweaver 1.8.13 compile true com.squareup.okhttp3 okhttp 3.9.1 compile true micrometer-core Application monitoring instrumentation facade The Apache Software License, Version 2.0 http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt repo 1.0 io.micrometer#micrometer-core;1.0.2 1.0.2 integration jschneider Mac OS X 2018-03-13_10:49:43 4.3.1 /micrometer-core git@github.com:micrometer-metrics/micrometer.git 7c15dac 1.0.x Jons-MBP LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL 1.8.0_162-b12 (Oracle Corporation) 1.8.0_162 jschneider@pivotal.io jschneider@pivotal.io 1.8 1.8 https://github.com/micrometer-metrics/micrometer git@github.com:micrometer-metrics/micrometer.git jkschneider Jon Schneider jschneider@pivotal.io	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
This work is directed to the elucidation of the peculiarities of fullerene C60 interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in mixed layers at the water-air interface. To this aim, the dilational surface elasticity was measured as a function of surface pressure and surface age and optical methods together with the atomic force microscopy (AFM) were applied. The dependencies of the dilational dynamic surface elasticity of the mixed C60/BSA layers on the surface pressure have two local maxima indicating a conformational transition in the layer. At low surface pressures (region of the first maximum) the surface properties are determined mainly by the protein, while in the second region of relatively high surface pressures the contribution of the fullerene is more important. The AFM images show that both C60 layers and mixed C60/BSA layers contain separate large fullerene aggregates with the length in Z-directions of up to 100 nm but the morphology of the regions between these aggregates differs for the two systems. The mixed layer contains some patches of a network of almost merged fullerene/protein aggregates with a length in Z-direction not longer than about 20 nm. The formation and the subsequent reorganization of the network lead to non-monotonic kinetic dependences of the dynamic surface elasticity in the course of protein penetration into the fullerene layer. The obtained results show strong interactions between the components in the surface layer and thereby can change the toxicity of the fullerene. Original languageEnglish Article number127702 Number of pages10 JournalColloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects Volume631 DOIs StatePublished - 1 Oct 2021 Scopus subject areas • Surfaces and Interfaces • Physical and Theoretical Chemistry • Colloid and Surface Chemistry Research areas • Aggregation, Atomic force microscopy, Bovine Serum Albumin, Fullerene, Oscillating barrier, Surface dilational rheology, CARBON NANOMATERIALS, NANOPARTICLES, DILATIONAL SURFACE VISCOELASTICITY, COLLAPSE, ADSORBED FILMS, PROTEINS, BINDING ID: 87544988	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
User:Lucelshout/Jeugdbondsuitgeverij The Stichting Jeugdbondsuitgeverij (JBU) is an initiative of the two Youth Associations for Nature: JNM and NJN. The volunteers of the Jeugdbondsuitgeverij (JBU) are all younger than 26 years old. They provide publications on nature, such as identification guides. Because there is no profit motive, JBU expenses are very cheap. They are also as accessible as possible, most determination keys can be used in the field with a hand lens. History The Jeugdbondsuitgeverij was founded in 1973. The publishing house was run by members of the NJN, KJN and CJN. Since the merger of the KJN and CJN in 1976, the publishing house has been run by members of the JNM (ACJN) and NJN. External link * Official website	WIKI
Talk:Stand By for Crime Radio Series - "Stand By For Crime" Does anyone have information about the radio program of the early 1950s that was also called "Stand By For Crime"? Should the radio program be mentioned in this article? Jtyroler (talk) 04:41, 9 August 2012 (UTC)	WIKI
Meftah Meftah (meaning key in Arabic) may refer to: * Meftah (town), a town and commune in Blida Province, Algeria * Meftah District, a district in Blida Province, Algeria People * Mohamed Rabie Meftah, Algerian footballer * Mahieddine Meftah, former Algerian national footballer * Rahim Meftah, Algerian footballer * Jugurtha Meftah, Algerian football player * Chaâbane Meftah, Algerian football player * Meftah Ghazalla, Libyan football goalkeeper * Habib Meftah Bouchehri, Iranian percussionist * Abdellatif Meftah, French long-distance runner	WIKI
Kasturba Gandhi was one of the most iconic women leaders of the Indian independence movement. While people across the globe are aware of the contribution her husband Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) made during the independence struggle, not many know about the role and sacrifices that she made while fighting against the Britishers in India. How Kasturba Gandhi stepped out of the shadows of her husband and made an identity of her own is an inspiring tale in its own right. Apart from being a devoted wife and mother, ‘Ba’ as she was fondly called, was a political activist and a woman of substance. She stood by her husband and supported him till her last breath in his fight for justice in South Africa and the British-ruled India. As we celebrate the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, here is a rewind of Kasturba Gandhi’s contribution to the Indian freedom struggle. Born in Porbandar on April 11, Kasturba Gandhi did not receive any education before her marriage. She got married to Mahatma Gandhi at the age of 13 in 1882 and gave birth to her first child in 1885. However, the child died soon after birth. Six years after their marriage, the couple gave birth to a son in 1888. While Mahatma Gandhi left for London to pursue his studies, Kasturba Gandhi stayed back to take care of the child. “They had, in the emotional as well as sexual sense, always been true to one another. Perhaps because of their periodic, extended separations, Kasturba deeply cherished their time together,” Ramachandra Guha said in his novel, Gandhi Before India. In 1906, Mahatma Gandhi pledged to practice celibacy. Being the devoted and supporting wife that she was, Kasturba Gandhi supported her husband’s stance. Kasturba Gandhi first ventured into activism when she accompanied her husband to South Africa to practice law in 1897. She supported her husband and took part in various demonstrations led by him against the class division and ill-treatment of Indians in South Africa. She also played a major role in setting up the Phoenix Settlement near Durban. Kasturba Gandhi was arrested and put behind bars for three months for participating in a protest against the injustice faced by Indians in South Africa. The woman exhibited great courage when she helped Gandhi escape when the white mob threatened him. She had great courage, both physical and moral as can be seen from the grave illnesses she suffered and overcame, the hardships of her early days in South Africa and during her imprisonments. In fact s, e was a source of strength to her fellow women prisoners,” Aparna Basu said in her work published by the Gandhi National Memorial Society. Indian Freedom Struggle After coming back from South Africa along with her husband in 1914, she got herself involved in the Indian freedom struggle. She fiercely followed her husband to the protests that were held across India. She also represented her husband and made speeches every time her husband was in prison. In a bid to break the caste barriers, Kasturba Gandhi devoted her time in managing and herself living in the ashrams. She was a strong-willed woman who chose to make her own decisions and often undertook activities against her husband’s wishes. “According to my earlier experience, she was very obstinate. In spite of all my pressure, she would do as she wished. This led to short or long periods of estrangement between us. But as my public life expanded, my wife bloomed forth and deliberately lost herself in my work,” Mahatma Gandhi had admitted in his biography. Even though she was a devoted wife, she had a mind of her own and would prefer doing things she felt strongly about. “Kasturba’s hand writing was like that of a little child. She wrote each letter of the alphabet separately and the spacing between the letters was irregular. Gandhi tried to improve this and advised her to practice writing. Everyone had asked for a notebook and Kasturba also asked for one. Gandhi gave her a loose sheaf of papers and told her that she could have a note book when her writing improved. She was deeply hurt. Sarojini Naidu sent for a notebook and Sushila took it to Kasturba who refused to take it and quietly went and kept it among Gandhi’s books. Everyone, including Gandhi who realized his mistake, tried to persuade her to write in the notebook but she replied in a dignified manner, “What do I need a note book for?,” Aparna Basu writes. She extensively worked to improve the deteriorating condition of Indigo farmers in Champaran in Bihar and also worked for the welfare of the women in the area. Even though she did not participate in the famous Dandi March, she took part in the Civil disobedience movement and urged other women to come forward to join the campaign. Kasturba Gandhi bravely faced the lathi charges and did not stop from organising nonviolent demonstrations across the country despite her ill health. She suffered two heart attacks in 1944 and faced breathlessness due to which she had to be bed-ridden during her final days. She breathed her last in the presence of her husband at the Aga Khan Palace in Poona at the age of 74. Mahatma Gandhi was killed four years after his wife passed away. For interesting news videos from InUth, follow us on Youtube.com/InUthdotcom	FINEWEB-EDU
Talk:Dover Lane Music Conference Requested move moved. --regentspark (comment) 16:16, 25 January 2013 (UTC) Dover Lane music festival → Dover Lane Music Conference – --Relisted Tyrol5 [Talk] 02:38, 18 January 2013 (UTC) Tito Dutta (talk) 20:07, 9 January 2013 (UTC) * Support: though this annual event had been known as "Dover Lane music festival" earlier, now it is known as "Dover Lane music conference". google search, within quotes -wikipedia shows 73200 results for festival, 130000 results for conference.--GDibyendu (talk) 19:31, 17 January 2013 (UTC)	WIKI
blob: e09e2dca1b47af76585c31480450f5cbdf98b1c0 [file] [log] [blame] //===-------- AMDGPUELFStreamer.h - ELF Object Output ------------ C++ --===// // // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions. // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information. // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception // //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// // // This is a custom MCELFStreamer which allows us to insert some hooks before // emitting data into an actual object file. // //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// #ifndef LLVM_LIB_TARGET_AMDGPU_MCTARGETDESC_AMDGPUELFSTREAMER_H #define LLVM_LIB_TARGET_AMDGPU_MCTARGETDESC_AMDGPUELFSTREAMER_H #include <memory> namespace llvm { class MCAsmBackend; class MCCodeEmitter; class MCContext; class MCELFStreamer; class MCObjectWriter; class Triple; MCELFStreamer *createAMDGPUELFStreamer(const Triple &T, MCContext &Context, std::unique_ptr<MCAsmBackend> MAB, std::unique_ptr<MCObjectWriter> OW, std::unique_ptr<MCCodeEmitter> Emitter, bool RelaxAll); } // namespace llvm. #endif	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
User:Anoopkjayan Hai I am Anoop K Jayan... I am preparing a paper on Embedded Multimedia Platform Wil Update soon	WIKI
BoE's Haldane says banks must do more to win back "social licence" LONDON, May 18 (Reuters) - Britain’s banks must bridge the “great divide” with a distrustful public to maintain a well-functioning financial system that supports growth, a senior Bank of England official said on Wednesday. BoE Chief Economist Andy Haldane said there was a “yawning gap” between how banks see themselves and how the public views the sector. Members of the public who attended the BoE’s Open Forum last November on fixing the financial sector described the industry as self-serving, greedy, corrupt and destructive. “They underscore just how far finance still has to travel to regain its social licence,” Haldane said in a speech. Britain’s banks, which the BoE regulates, have paid billions of pounds in fines for trying to rig interest rate benchmarks and currency markets, and billions more in compensation for mis-selling loan insurance. Haldane said the financial sector may need new ways to “define and communicate” its purpose to act as an “antidote to the short-term demands of shareholders and executives”. With the market value of banks worth less than the assets on their books, lenders are a “value-destruction” machine for investors, he said. Economies have suffered even bigger losses than banks from the 2007-09 financial crisis, scarring growth potential and contributing to flat-lining productivity. “So a lack of trust in finance potentially hobbles both economic growth and financial stability. That lack of trust is the mirror-image of the perception gap between the financial sector and wider society, the Great Divide,” he added. For much of their history banks were local, with people interacting with branch managers, but in recent years a more centralised sector has emerged to weaken trust. With a looser personal touch, banking began falling behind hairdressers and doctors in the personal trust stakes, Haldane said. The financial crisis accelerated the shift, with banking plummeting from “mid-table mediocrity to relegation-threatened remorse” in the trust league, Haldane added. Only estate agents, journalists, government ministers and politicians fared worse than bankers in surveys on public trust, Haldane said. New rules making banks safer and consumers better protected are important but probably insufficient “down payments” towards closing the trust deficit, Haldane said. Enhancing public education on finance, instilling and communicating a sense of “purpose” and restoring the personal touch in banking would also help, he added. (Reporting by Huw Jones; Editing by Gareth Jones)	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Siberian Business Union Siberian Business Union (SBU) (Russian: Сибирский деловой союз, or Sibirskiy Delovoy Soyuz (SDS)) is a Russian holding company based in Kemerovo in Siberia. Its companies are active in coal mining, railway transportation, chemicals, machine building and radio stations. SBU is linked with Vladimir Putin's United Russia party. Details and activities The largest shareholder in SBU is the Russian billionaire Vladimir Gridin and his sons. Gridin is also a politician in the United Russia party. The SBU head office is located at Kemerovo in Siberia. Its subsidiaries are involved in coal mining, railway transportation, chemicals, machine building and radio stations. SBU is Russia's third-largest producer of coal for power stations SBU was a partner with Kuzbassrazrezugol in plans to build a coal export port in the Barents Sea, but withdrew in 2013. SBU obtained 25% of European Media Group, one of Russia's biggest radio networks, which includes Europa Plus, after Lagardère sold it for $162 million in 2011 after changes to Russian media ownership regulations. SBU intended to increase their ownership to 100%. In June 2011, SBU enlisted its entire workforce in the All-Russia People's Front, an organisation created by Vladimir Putin and associated with the United Russia party. Subsidiaries * SBU-Coal * SBU-Engineering * Novotrans * SBU-Construction * SBUAgro * SBU-Alco * SBU-Media * SBU-Energy	WIKI
Source A is taken from the diary kept by George Coppard who fought in the First World War, 1914–1918. Source A The Vickers machine gun proved to be successful, being highly efficient, reliable, compact and reasonably light. The tripod was the heaviest component, weighing about 50 pounds; the gun itself weighed 28 pounds without water. In good condition the rate of fire was 600 bullets a minute. The use of front and rear sights increased the accuracy of the weapon. Machine guns killed thousands of men. 1. How useful is Source A for investigating the use of machine guns during the First World War? Source B was written by Lieutenant Gordon who fought in the Battle of the Somme in July 1916. Source B Although our bombardment had failed to knock out the German machine guns, its effects on the trenches had been great. For the most part, they were entirely destroyed. In places a trench was in good condition but this was rare. The German infantry must have survived due to their deep dugouts, 30 to 40 feet below ground level. The enemy barbed wire positions had everywhere been completely destroyed by our artillery. 2. How useful is Source B as evidence of the effects of artillery at the Battle of the Somme? Source C was taken by an official British Government photographer at Ovillers on the Somme in 1916. Source C 3. How useful is source C as evidence of methods of fighting in the First World War? Source D is a photograph of Nazis enforcing the boycott of Jewish-owned shops in 1933. The poster says “Germans fight back. Buy nothing Jewish.” Source D How useful is Source D as evidence of the way the Nazis treated Jewish people?	FINEWEB-EDU
Patawomeck The Patawomeck are a Native American tribe based in Stafford County, Virginia, along the Potomac River. Patawomeck is another spelling of Potomac. The Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia is a state-recognized tribe in Virginia that identifies as descendants of the Patawomeck. Language The Patawomeck spoke an Eastern Algonquian language. The Patawomeck were one of 32 Algonquian-speaking peoples in the Tidewater area of present-day Virginia. The language is now extinct. Revitalization efforts are underway. Classes use the audio and printed materials prepared by the linguist Blair Rudes for cast members who portrayed Native Americans in the film, The New World. Rudes reconstructed the Algonquian language as it was spoken in coastal Virginia in the early 17th century. History For thousands of years various cultures of Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands lived along the Potomac River and its tributaries in the coastal area. Archeological excavations have yielded much data about the prehistoric early cultures. At Indian Point on Potomac Creek, for instance, part of the later Patawomeck area, archeological excavations in the 1930s revealed a Native American burial ground (Potomac Creek, 44ST2). Researchers donated 134 skeletons from the grounds to the Smithsonian Institution. Now that the Patawomeck tribe has been recognized by the state, they may undertake claiming the remains for repatriation and burial under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), though a tribe has to be federally recognized to utilize NAGPRA without extra petitioning. More recently, a 1996 archeological study by the College of William and Mary revealed Native American artifacts dating back to the 15th century. More than 10,000 artifacts were recovered, mostly pottery sherds of the "wrapped-cord type" common among local indigenous people. While the ancient village site is protected under historic preservation laws, the land is being steadily eroded by the creek. The coastal peoples were part of the Algonquian-speaking language family that coalesced into differentiated tribes from present-day New England into the southern states. The historical Patawomeck tribe were loosely allied with the powerful Powhatan Confederacy. They were an agrarian people, who cultivated varieties of maize. They also relied on hunting, fishing, and gathering resources from their rich environment. 17th century The first recorded European encounter was that of the English leader Captain John Smith, who visited the people in 1608 in their homeland, between Aquia Creek and Upper Machodoc Creek. He noted they were cultivating 1000 acre of corn along the Potomac River. The Patawomeck main town, also called Patawomeck, was located on the north of Potomac Creek, in present-day Stafford County. The weroance of Passapatanzy, a satellite village, was Japazeus (also spelled Japazaws or Iopassus), older brother to the main weroance. The Patawomeck were semi-independent of the Powhatan Confederacy of Chief Powhatan to the south. They befriended the English colonists (Captain Samuel Argall in particular), often providing them crucial assistance when the Powhatan would not. When the colonists faced starvation at Jamestown in 1609, Francis West was sent to buy corn from the Patawomeck. In a violent confrontation, he beheaded two of them and fled in his pinnace to England. Argall made peace with the Patawomeck in 1612, during the First Anglo-Powhatan War. According to contemporary accounts by Ralph Hamor and others, on 13 April 1613, Argall, with the connivance of Japazaw in exchange for a copper kettle, was able to capture Chief Powhatan's daughter, Pocahontas who lived with the Patawomeck tribe for three years. Argall was on a goods trading mission for her father. Current Mattaponi tradition holds that she was the wife of Kocoum, brother of the Patawomeck weroance Japazaws, and that Argall's soldiers killed Kocoum after her capture in 1613. Today's Patawomecks believe that Pocahontas and Kocoum had a daughter, Ka-Okee, who lived with the Patawomecks after her father's death and her mother's abduction. Englishman William Strachey, who was the Secretary and Recorder for the Colony of Virginia in 1610 and 1611, recorded that Pocahontas had been living married to a "private captaine called Kocoum" for two years, as of 1610-11. Strachey returned to England in 1611 and later published a book on his travels. His book is considered the primary source of information on this period of Virginia history and its native peoples. Because of the various publishing dates of his book (in 1612 and 1616), some people have mistakenly thought Strachey was talking about the marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe, however, Strachey left Virginia many years before their marriage. Strachey made no mention of a child of the marriage to Kocoum, but he left Virginia before the child is purported to have been born. The Patawomeck continued to ally with the English in their conflicts with the Powhatan in 1622 (even after Captain Isaac Madison took their weroance prisoner), and in 1644. After settlers began moving into their area in the 1650s, pressures mounted in competition over resources and differing ideas of how to use land. Violent disputes followed. In 1662, Colonel Giles Brent took their weroance Wahanganoche prisoner. After an extensive trial in Williamsburg, Wahanganoche was found not guilty and released. He was none the less murdered by Giles conspirators in 1663 while returning home from the trial. In October 1665, the colonial government forced the tribe to sell their remaining land to the colony for a few matchcoats. In 1666 after continued conflicts, the English colonists declared war against several tribes in the Northern Neck, including the Patawomeck. After this, the Patawomeck disappeared from the historical record. A silver badge, issued to Wahanganoche in 1662, was found in a contemporary archeological excavation near Portobago (or Portobacco) on the Rappahannock River. It may indicate that the survivors merged with the Portobacco tribe, as did remnants of several other tribes. 20th century In 1928, the anthropologist Frank Speck wrote of the Native American population living around the original Patawomeck capital. From his studies of the Algonquian peoples, he believed they were remnants of the old Patawomeck nation. Although without solid proof they were not from another tribe, he called them the "Potomac". Many families living in and around White Oak in Stafford County had oral histories linking them to the Patawomecks; these included families with the names Sullivan, Newton, Green, Bourne, Bullock, Fines, and Curtis. However, racism in Virginia caused many families to hide their Indian ancestry. In particular, Virginia's Racial Integrity Act of 1924 and the work of state Bureau of Vital Statistics registrar Walter Plecker ensured that for most of the 20th century, official records recognized Virginians as either "white" or "colored", erasing Indian heritage from the public record. State-recognized tribe The Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia is one of Virginia's eleven state-recognized Native American tribes. It is however not federally recognized. It achieved state recognition in February 2010. In the 17th century, at the time of early English colonization, the Patawomeck tribe was a "fringe" component of the Powhatan Confederacy. At times it was allied with others in the confederacy, and at others, the Patawomeck allied with the English colonists. Today the tribe has about 2,300 members. Eighty percent live within ten miles (16 km) of their historic village of Patawomeck. They are trying to revive their historic Algonquian language. In the 1990s, Robert "Two Eagles" Green, a native of White Oak and resident of Fredericksburg, worked to reorganize the tribe and began seeking state recognition. The tribe applied to the Virginia Council on Indians for recognition, and were told that they met five of the six criteria for recognition; however, the council felt that the Patawomecks were not able to prove that their group had continued to exist as a distinct Indian community through the years. The alleged Patawomecks felt that they had sufficient evidence to prove their continuous existence as a community, and persuaded Bill Howell, Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates and representative for Stafford, to sponsor a bill for the tribe's recognition. In February 2010, Las Vegas singer Wayne Newton, whose father was Patawomeck (also of Irish descent), spoke before the House Rules Committee in support of recognition. In the same month, the measure was passed unanimously by the House of Delegates and the state Senate, marking official state recognition of the tribe. The same measure granted the Patawomecks a seat on the Virginia Council on Indians. Robert "Two Eagles" Green was the chief of the tribe from its reorganization until 2013, when he retired and became Chief Emeritus. Green was an adviser to the filmmakers of The New World (2005), about the colony at Jamestown and the Native American peoples and cultures encountered by the colonists. Green appeared in the film in a non-speaking role; his son Jason Green also appeared as a Powhatan warrior. The Patawomecks provided the filmmakers with numerous wild turkey feathers and deer antlers to create authentic clothing for the Native American characters in the film. Green also portrayed Powhatan in the episode "Pocahontas Revealed" (2007) of PBS's Nova. In 2013, Green was succeeded as chief by John Lightner. Today the tribe has approximately 2,300 members, most of whom live in Stafford County within ten miles of Patawomeck. In 2014, the tribe worked with Stafford High School to make the school's "Indian" mascot more representative of Virginia Indians. In 2019, John Lightner was succeeded by Charles Bullock as Chief.	WIKI
The Many Benefits of Good Posture – Know the Strategies Having great posture is a significant piece of staying sound. IT encourages you dodge back torment and untimely wear on your bones, improves lung execution and substantially more. In this article, we will clarify what great posture is before clarifying the numerous advantages that it gives. posture corrector What is acceptable posture? Posture is the structure that your body takes when you are sitting, standing and setting down. Looking after great posture is situating your body so there is less strain set upon your body’s muscles and tendons when in these positions. It requires your body to be as near its normal shape as could reasonably be expected. So in the event that you are plunking down, this would mean: • Keeping your jaw up and looking forward • Keeping your shoulders back • Bending your knees at a correct edge • Keeping your feet level on the floor • Keeping your back straight enough that every one of the 3 normal bends of the spine are available. Sitting with great posture conveys weight all the more equitably over your muscle gatherings – helping you stay away from neck, shoulder and back torment. It additionally permits you to serenely work for longer periods and keep away from some genuine long haul medical issues. Having a seat with lumbar help will assist you with keeping up great back posture. Secures your future wellbeing Having great posture corrector will keep your joints accurately adjusted, shielding the joint surfaces from unusual mileage. By forestalling this kind of mileage, you can bring down your danger of different ailments including joint inflammation and postural hunchback. It makes it simpler to relax The stomach is a huge muscle that is liable for breath. At the point when the stomach moves, it changes how much weight there is inside the chest making air either enter or leave the lungs. Posture influences breathing since it changes how much room the stomach needs to move. In the event that you are slumped in a seat or while strolling, the stomach cannot contract or extend as effectively, keeping you from taking full breaths. When you right your posture, you will promptly see how much simpler it is to relax. This is an especially helpful advantage for any individual who has a wellbeing condition that influences their relaxing. Can help forestall back agony Growing great posture can kill back torment brought about by focused on muscles and helpless joint arrangement. It does as such by effectively lessening the strain put on the muscles and joints by spreading weight over the whole body. This guarantees certain muscles or joints are not exhausted or harmed. After some time, having great posture will even improve the arrangement of your spine which will improve the state of your back and diminish the danger of back wounds. Copyright @ 2019 newriverenterprises	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Skip to main content HDFS Этот движок обеспечивает интеграцию с экосистемой Apache Hadoop, позволяя управлять данными в HDFS посредством ClickHouse. Данный движок похож на движки File и URL, но предоставляет возможности, характерные для Hadoop. Использование движка ENGINE = HDFS(URI, format) Параметры движка В параметр URI нужно передавать полный URI файла в HDFS. Часть URI с путем файла может содержать шаблоны. В этом случае таблица может использоваться только для чтения. Параметр format должен быть таким, который ClickHouse может использовать и в запросах INSERT, и в запросах SELECT. Полный список поддерживаемых форматов смотрите в разделе Форматы. Пример: 1. Создадим на сервере таблицу hdfs_engine_table: CREATE TABLE hdfs_engine_table (name String, value UInt32) ENGINE=HDFS('hdfs://hdfs1:9000/other_storage', 'TSV') 2. Заполним файл: INSERT INTO hdfs_engine_table VALUES ('one', 1), ('two', 2), ('three', 3) 3. Запросим данные: SELECT * FROM hdfs_engine_table LIMIT 2 ┌─name─┬─value─┐ │ one │ 1 │ │ two │ 2 │ └──────┴───────┘ Детали реализации • Поддерживается многопоточное чтение и запись. • Поддерживается репликация без копирования данных (zero-copy). • Не поддерживается: • использование операций ALTER и SELECT...SAMPLE; • индексы. Шаблоны в пути Шаблоны могут содержаться в нескольких компонентах пути. Обрабатываются только существующие файлы, название которых целиком удовлетворяет шаблону (не только суффиксом или префиксом). • * — Заменяет любое количество любых символов кроме /, включая отсутствие символов. • ? — Заменяет ровно один любой символ. • {some_string,another_string,yet_another_one} — Заменяет любую из строк 'some_string', 'another_string', 'yet_another_one'. • {N..M} — Заменяет любое число в интервале от N до M включительно (может содержать ведущие нули). Конструкция с {} аналогична табличной функции remote. Пример 1. Предположим, у нас есть несколько файлов со следующими URI в HDFS: • 'hdfs://hdfs1:9000/some_dir/some_file_1' • 'hdfs://hdfs1:9000/some_dir/some_file_2' • 'hdfs://hdfs1:9000/some_dir/some_file_3' • 'hdfs://hdfs1:9000/another_dir/some_file_1' • 'hdfs://hdfs1:9000/another_dir/some_file_2' • 'hdfs://hdfs1:9000/another_dir/some_file_3' 2. Есть несколько возможностей создать таблицу, состояющую из этих шести файлов: CREATE TABLE table_with_range (name String, value UInt32) ENGINE = HDFS('hdfs://hdfs1:9000/{some,another}_dir/some_file_{1..3}', 'TSV') Другой способ: CREATE TABLE table_with_question_mark (name String, value UInt32) ENGINE = HDFS('hdfs://hdfs1:9000/{some,another}_dir/some_file_?', 'TSV') Таблица, состоящая из всех файлов в обеих директориях (все файлы должны удовлетворять формату и схеме, указанной в запросе): CREATE TABLE table_with_asterisk (name String, value UInt32) ENGINE = HDFS('hdfs://hdfs1:9000/{some,another}_dir/', 'TSV') "Warning" Если список файлов содержит числовые интервалы с ведущими нулями, используйте конструкцию с фигурными скобочками для каждой цифры или используйте `?`. Example Создадим таблицу с именами file000, file001, … , file999: CREATE TABLE big_table (name String, value UInt32) ENGINE = HDFS('hdfs://hdfs1:9000/big_dir/file{0..9}{0..9}{0..9}', 'CSV') Конфигурация Похоже на GraphiteMergeTree, движок HDFS поддерживает расширенную конфигурацию с использованием файла конфигурации ClickHouse. Есть два раздела конфигурации которые вы можете использовать: глобальный (hdfs) и на уровне пользователя (hdfs_). Глобальные настройки применяются первыми, и затем применяется конфигурация уровня пользователя (если она указана). <!-- Глобальные настройки для движка HDFS --> <hdfs> <hadoop_kerberos_keytab>/tmp/keytab/clickhouse.keytab</hadoop_kerberos_keytab> <hadoop_kerberos_principal>[email protected]</hadoop_kerberos_principal> <hadoop_security_authentication>kerberos</hadoop_security_authentication> </hdfs> <!-- Конфигурация специфичная для пользователя "root" --> <hdfs_root> <hadoop_kerberos_principal>[email protected]</hadoop_kerberos_principal> </hdfs_root> Параметры конфигурации Поддерживаемые из libhdfs3 параметрпо умолчанию rpc_client_connect_tcpnodelaytrue dfs_client_read_shortcircuittrue output_replace-datanode-on-failuretrue input_notretry-another-nodefalse input_localread_mappedfiletrue dfs_client_use_legacy_blockreader_localfalse rpc_client_ping_interval10 * 1000 rpc_client_connect_timeout600 * 1000 rpc_client_read_timeout3600 * 1000 rpc_client_write_timeout3600 * 1000 rpc_client_socekt_linger_timeout-1 rpc_client_connect_retry10 rpc_client_timeout3600 * 1000 dfs_default_replica3 input_connect_timeout600 * 1000 input_read_timeout3600 * 1000 input_write_timeout3600 * 1000 input_localread_default_buffersize1 1024 1024 dfs_prefetchsize10 input_read_getblockinfo_retry3 input_localread_blockinfo_cachesize1000 input_read_max_retry60 output_default_chunksize512 output_default_packetsize64 * 1024 output_default_write_retry10 output_connect_timeout600 * 1000 output_read_timeout3600 * 1000 output_write_timeout3600 * 1000 output_close_timeout3600 * 1000 output_packetpool_size1024 output_heeartbeat_interval10 * 1000 dfs_client_failover_max_attempts15 dfs_client_read_shortcircuit_streams_cache_size256 dfs_client_socketcache_expiryMsec3000 dfs_client_socketcache_capacity16 dfs_default_blocksize64 1024 1024 dfs_default_uri"hdfs://localhost:9000" hadoop_security_authentication"simple" hadoop_security_kerberos_ticket_cache_path"" dfs_client_log_severity"INFO" dfs_domain_socket_path"" Руководство по конфигурации HDFS поможет обьяснить назначения некоторых параметров. Расширенные параметры для ClickHouse параметрпо умолчанию hadoop_kerberos_keytab"" hadoop_kerberos_principal"" hadoop_kerberos_kinit_commandkinit Ограничения • hadoop_security_kerberos_ticket_cache_path и libhdfs3_conf могут быть определены только на глобальном, а не на пользовательском уровне Поддержка Kerberos Если параметр hadoop_security_authentication имеет значение kerberos, ClickHouse аутентифицируется с помощью Kerberos. Расширенные параметры и hadoop_security_kerberos_ticket_cache_path помогают сделать это. Обратите внимание что из-за ограничений libhdfs3 поддерживается только устаревший метод аутентификации, коммуникация с узлами данных не защищена SASL (HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER надежный показатель такого подхода к безопасности). Используйте tests/integration/test_storage_kerberized_hdfs/hdfs_configs/bootstrap.sh для примера настроек. Если hadoop_kerberos_keytab, hadoop_kerberos_principal или hadoop_kerberos_kinit_command указаны в настройках, kinit будет вызван. hadoop_kerberos_keytab и hadoop_kerberos_principal обязательны в этом случае. Необходимо также будет установить kinit и файлы конфигурации krb5. Виртуальные столбцы • _path — Путь к файлу. • _file — Имя файла. См. также	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Sans Pareil Technologies, Inc. Key To Your Business Remote Monitoring of Servlet Container through Firewalls The jconsole application that is included with the standard JDK can be used to monitor remote JVM’s. The default JMX server that comes with Java uses dynamic ports to determine the JMX connector server port. This makes it next to impossible to monitor remote JVM’s, since remote JVM’s are usually behind some kind of firewall. The standard strategy for remote monitoring in these cases is to write a simple class that creates and starts a JMX connector server on a pre-defined port, which can then be configured for access in the firewall rules. Some additional configuration is also necessary to enable remote monitoring, usually through system properties specified to the JVM at startup. The main requirement is to create a servlet that starts a custom JMX connector service that listens on a pre-configured port when the JVM is started. JMXServer.groovy is a simple servlet that we have used in numerous instances to monitor our Tomcat instances. We also configure the servlet to be loaded by the servlet container on startup rather than on request. The final step is to allow access to the configured JMX service and connector ports through the firewall. The steps here relate to configuring Tomcat to load our servlet on startup. • Add the following to the web.xml file for the web app to configure the servlet for auto load. JMXServer com.sptci.util.JMXServer 1 • Configure JVM system properties in catalina.sh. Note that the RMI hostname setting is required on Linux JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Djmx.registry.port=8099” JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Djmx.connector.port=8098” CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=” CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false" CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false" • Restart Tomcat Once Tomcat is running and the firewall rules have been added for the JMX registry and connector ports, you can run jconsole or VisualVM and connect to the remote JVM running Tomcat. An example connection URL will look similar to the following (note that the servlet logs the service URL, so you can look up the exact URL from the log file): service:jmx:rmi://:8098/jndi/rmi://:8099/server	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Page:Gilbert Parker--The Lane that had No Turning.djvu/29 CHAPTER II WHEN THE RED-COATS CAME MONTH later there was a sale of the household effects, the horses, and general possessions of Medallion the auctioneer, who, though a Protestant and an Englishman, had, by his wits and goodness of heart, endeared himself to the parish. Therefore, the notables among the habitants had gathered in his empty house for a last drink of good-fellowship—Muroc the charcoalman, Duclosse the mealman, Bénoit the ne'er-do-weel, Gingras the one-eyed shoemaker, and a few others. They had drunk the health of Medallion, they had drunk the health of the Curé, and now Duclosse the mealman raised his glass. "Here's to!" "Wait a minute, porridge-pot," cried Muroc. "The best man here should raise the glass first and say the votre santé. 'Tis M'sieu' Medallion should speak and sip now!" Medallion was half-sitting on the window-sill, abstractedly listening. He had been thinking that his ships were burned behind him and that in middle age he was starting out to make another camp for himself in the world, all because of the new Seigneur of Pontiac. Time was when he had been successful here, but Louis Racine had changed all that. His hand was against the English, and he had brought a French auctioneer to Pontiac. Medallion might have divided the parish	WIKI
Page:A Passionate Pilgrim and Other Tales (1875).djvu/269 E had been talking about the masters who had achieved but a single masterpiece,—the artists and poets who but once in their lives had known the divine afflatus, and touched the high level of the best. Our host had been showing us a charming little cabinet picture by a painter whose name we had never heard, and who, after this one spasmodic bid for fame, had apparently relapsed into fatal mediocrity. There was some discussion as to the frequency of this phenomenon; during which, I observed, H sat silent, finishing his cigar with a meditative air, and looking at the picture, which was being handed round the table. "I don't know how common a case it is," he said at last, "but I've seen it. I've known a poor fellow who painted his one masterpiece, and"—he added with a smile—"he did n't even paint that. He made his bid for fame, and missed it." We all knew H for a clever man who had seen much of men and manners,	WIKI
Nightly regression for rustlex_codegen crate? #1 I’m working on systemd-cron-next project and I depend on a few unstable features, so I had to use nightly Rust compiler. I haven’t updated my rust compiler for a while and everything worked just fine, until recently I turned on Travis CI for the project, and it failed to compile with latest nightly. I updated my compiler and try to cargo build my project, and it failed: $ cargo build --verbose ... Compiling rumblebars v0.3.0 Running `rustc /home/kstep/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-0a35038f75765ae4/rumblebars-0.3.0/build.rs --crate-name build_script_build --crate-type bin -C prefer-dynamic -g --cfg feature=\"default\" --cfg feature=\"stable\" --cfg feature=\"syntex\" --cfg feature=\"with-syntex\" --out-dir /home/kstep/git/systemd-crontab-generator/target/debug/build/rumblebars-ba09936dc968be81 --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/home/kstep/git/systemd-crontab-generator/target/debug/deps -L dependency=/home/kstep/git/systemd-crontab-generator/target/debug/deps --extern syntex=/home/kstep/git/systemd-crontab-generator/target/debug/deps/libsyntex-d3edc118a3ec6f5a.rlib -Awarnings` Fresh rustlex_codegen v0.3.0 /home/kstep/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-0a35038f75765ae4/rumblebars-0.3.0/build.rs:5:5: 5:34 error: can't find crate for `rustlex_codegen` /home/kstep/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-0a35038f75765ae4/rumblebars-0.3.0/build.rs:5 extern crate rustlex_codegen; ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ error: aborting due to previous error Could not compile `rumblebars`. Caused by: Process didn't exit successfully: `rustc /home/kstep/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-0a35038f75765ae4/rumblebars-0.3.0/build.rs --crate-name build_script_build --crate-type bin -C prefer-dynamic -g --cfg feature="default" --cfg feature="stable" --cfg feature="syntex" --cfg feature="with-syntex" --out-dir /home/kstep/git/systemd-crontab-generator/target/debug/build/rumblebars-ba09936dc968be81 --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/home/kstep/git/systemd-crontab-generator/target/debug/deps -L dependency=/home/kstep/git/systemd-crontab-generator/target/debug/deps --extern syntex=/home/kstep/git/systemd-crontab-generator/target/debug/deps/libsyntex-d3edc118a3ec6f5a.rlib -Awarnings` (exit code: 101) I use build.rs script with rumblebars crate to generate some files from templates. I’m not sure since what nightly version the code was broken, but rustc 1.3.0-nightly (69ca01256 2015-07-23) is already broken, while rustc 1.3.0-nightly (7ea2674c7 2015-07-13) works perfectly fine, so whatever regression happened in rust nightly, it was between 7/13 and 7/23. Any pointers? Thanks in advance. #2 According to http://bitrust.octarineparrot.com/ the only breaking changes between 7/13 and 7/23 are these: commit 18557500cb91596f3614d4cf65439f8c5f47b2e0 Merge: 39d4faf 0ca8e49 Author: bors bors@rust-lang.org AuthorDate: Mon Jul 20 16:38:33 2015 +0000 Commit: bors bors@rust-lang.org CommitDate: Mon Jul 20 16:38:33 2015 +0000 Auto merge of #27026 - nagisa:overflowing-unsigned, r=pnkfelix This commit fixes the negate_unsigned feature gate to appropriately account for inferred variables. This is technically a [breaking-change], but I’d consider it a bug fix. cc @brson for your relnotes. Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/24676 Fixes #26840 Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/25206 commit e05ac3938bcbdd616930bb010a3bbfa35f22850e Merge: d4432b3 de6b3c2 Author: bors bors@rust-lang.org AuthorDate: Fri Jul 17 18:35:50 2015 +0000 Commit: bors bors@rust-lang.org CommitDate: Fri Jul 17 18:35:50 2015 +0000 Auto merge of #27045 - nikomatsakis:better-object-defaults-error, r=pnkfelix Transition to the new object lifetime defaults, replacing the old defaults completely. r? @pnkfelix This is a [breaking-change] as specified by [RFC 1156][1156] (though all cases that would break should have been receiving warnings starting in Rust 1.2). Types like &'a Box<Trait> (or &'a Rc<Trait>, etc) will change from being interpreted as &'a Box<Trait+'a> to &'a Box<Trait+'static>. To restore the old behavior, write the +'a explicitly. For example, the function: ```rust trait Trait { } fn foo(x: &Box<Trait>) { ... } ``` would be rewritten as: ```rust trait Trait { } fn foo(x: &'a Box<Trait+'a>) { ... } ``` if one wanted to preserve the current typing. [1156]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1156-adjust-default-object-bounds.md commit 0c9e3dc75cf2b2d122af0596225594240ed254eb Author: Simonas Kazlauskas git@kazlauskas.me AuthorDate: Tue Jul 14 01:03:24 2015 +0300 Commit: Simonas Kazlauskas git@kazlauskas.me CommitDate: Tue Jul 14 21:48:43 2015 +0300 Fix negate_unsigned feature gate check This commit fixes the negate_unsigned feature gate to appropriately account for infered variables. This is technically a [breaking-change]. And these changes don’t look relevant to my problem for me. #3 Maybe you need to ask the rumblebars maintainer for specifics? I see you are using "" versions for dependencies, so you’ll always get the latest versions of crates – even if they have been updated incompatibly. I’d suggest always using versioned dependencies, that way you don’t at least opt in to automatic breakage. That said, discuss with the rumblebars maintainer, do they intend to support rust nightly? Is there a version of it that does (and which cargo feature flags would it need)? #4 After looking at crate sources, I found out the crate support nightly, it just needs to be configured with correct features: [build-dependencies.rumblebars] version = "" features = ["nightly"] default-features = false This config snippet solved my problem. Sorry for bothering. closed #5 This topic was automatically closed 90 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Page:Raymond Spears--Diamond Tolls.djvu/39 ELIA floated down the crossing and sat on the bow of her little shantyboat, with her elbows on her knees and her knuckles under her chin. Her face, so far as the passing birds could have seen, was expressionless. Her eyes looked frankly at the swirling eddies and watched ahead to see that the boat kept in midcurrent. "So this is Old Mississippi," she told herself. "This is where people come when they really want to forget and be forgotten? This is where you make your own law, and where you don't just give a—give a damn for anything! Well, it looks it." She smiled whimsically. She sat up straight, and filled a good pair of lungs with sweet air. She raised her chin with a pert, saucy toss of her head. She looked at her palms, and saw there the little roughening, inevitable accompaniment of pulling fourteen-foot shantyboat oars. She looked at the backs of her hands. "My hands are bare!" she smiled to herself with satisfaction. "And I'm free! I've nothing to bother about, now—just my own thinking!" 33	WIKI
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Marvin Anthony HERRERA, Defendant-Appellant. No. 07-2043. United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit. July 11, 2008. Norman Cairns, Office of the United States Attorney District of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, for Plaintiff-Appellee. Scott M. Davidson, Angela Arellanes, Albuquerque, NM, for Defendant-Appellant. Before LUCERO, HOLLOWAY and McCONNELL, Circuit Judges. ORDER AND JUDGMENT WILLIAM J. HOLLOWAY, JR., Circuit Judge. I. INTRODUCTION Marvin Anthony Herrera was charged in an indictment with one count of illegally re-entering the United States after prior deportation in violation of 8 U.S.C. §§ 1326(a)(1), 1326(a)(2), and 1326(b)(2). Pursuant to a plea agreement, Mr. Herrera pled guilty to the lone charge in the indictment. The Probation Office prepared a Pre-Sentence Report (“PSR”) which alleged that in 2004, Mr. Herrera was convicted of battery in a California state court under CahPenal Code § 242. The PSR stated that pursuant to Section 2L1.2 of the Guidelines, unlawfully entering or remaining in the United States carries a base offense level of eight. In addition to the initial base offense level of eight, the PSR recommended a sixteen level “crime of violence” enhancement pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii) based on the previous California battery conviction. The final base offense level calculated by the PSR was twenty-one after a three level reduction for acceptance of responsibility. At sentencing, Mr. Herrera moved for a downward departure from the PSR’s recommended criminal history category V, but did not challenge the sixteen level enhancement. The district court denied the motion, adopted the findings of the PSR, and sentenced Mr. Herrera to the low end of the guideline range — a seventy month term of imprisonment. Mr. Herrera timely appealed and argued, for the first time, that the application of the sixteen level enhancement was in error. We have appellate jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. II. BACKGROUND In October of 2004, Mr. Herrera was convicted of battery on a peace officer under § 242 of the California Penal Code for which he received a two year sentence in the California penal system. He was released from prison on October 17, 2005 whereupon his parole commenced. On December 14, 2005, Mr. Herrera was deported to Honduras. This prior California battery conviction provides the foundation for the issue raised in the instant case. It is critical to note that the PSR was the sole source of the information concerning Mr. Herrera’s previous California battery conviction. The government did not submit any documents from the California court of conviction to establish that Mr. Herrera was convicted of battery in California. Any information with respect to the California conviction was discovered by the Probation Office and then used in formulating the PSR. The government provided no court documents from the California state court of conviction in support of the sixteen level enhancement. The events giving rise to the instant appeal occurred on February 23, 2006, when Mr. Herrera was apprehended by United States Border Patrol agents near Hachita, New Mexico. On May 23, 2006, a New Mexico grand jury returned a one count indictment against Mr. Herrera charging him with illegally re-entering the United States after a previous deportation in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a)(1), (a)(2), and (b)(2). Mr. Herrera pled guilty to the illegal re-entry charge on June 30, 2006. The Probation Office prepared the PSR and stated that the initial base offense level for Mr. Herrera was eight, pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(a). The PSR also recommended that the sixteen level enhancement found in U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii) be imposed because Mr. Herrera had previously been convicted of a “crime of violence” as defined by the Guidelines. See U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2, cmt. n.1(B)(iii). The PSR found Mr. Herrera to have a criminal history category V and determined the final base offense level to be twenty-one after a three level reduction for acceptance of responsibility. Before the sentencing hearing, Mr. Herrera filed a motion for a downward departure based on the argument that the criminal history category over-emphasized his prior criminal conduct. The motion requested lowering the criminal history category from V to IV. The motion did not contest the imposition of the sixteen level enhancement. On February 6, 2007, the district court held the sentencing hearing. The court denied the Defendant’s motion for a downward departure and adopted the factual findings of the PSR. The advisory guideline range for an offense level of twenty-one and a criminal history category V was seventy to eighty-seven months’ imprisonment. At the conclusion of the hearing, the district court sentenced Mr. Herrera to seventy months’ imprisonment. Mr. Herrera filed a timely notice of appeal on February 13, 2007. On appeal, Mr. Herrera presents a new argument not made below. Specifically, Mr. Herrera contends that battery under § 242 of the California Penal Code is not categorically a “crime of violence” under the Guidelines and therefore the sixteen level enhancement should not be applied in the instant case. Mr. Herrera urges this court to remand for re-sentencing with instructions to remove the sixteen level enhancement. III. DISCUSSION A. Standard of Review Generally, this court exercises de novo review over the district court’s interpretation and application of the sentencing guidelines. United States v. Tisdale, 248 F.3d 964, 975 (10th Cir.2001); United States v. Contreras, 210 F.3d 1151, 1152 (10th Cir.2000). The standard of review changes, however, when the defendant fails to make a particular objection to the district court’s application or interpretation of the guidelines. United States v. Munguia-Sanchez, 365 F.3d 877, 878 (10th Cir.2004) (citing United States v. Whitney, 229 F.3d 1296, 1308 (10th Cir.2000)). In the instant case, Mr. Herrera did not make a specific objection to the application of the U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii) enhancement thereby limiting this court to review only for plain error. Munguia-Sanchez, 365 F.3d at 878. As we stated in MunguiaSanchez, in order [t]o establish plain error, [a defendant] must show: (1) an error, (2) that is plain, which means clear or obvious under current law, and (3) that affect[s] substantial rights. If these three elements are satisfied, then we may exercise discretion to correct the error if it seriously affeet[s] the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings. Id. at 878-879 (internal quotations and citations omitted; alterations in the original). Mr. Herrera concedes that plain error is the appropriate standard of review. B. U.S.S.G. and California Statutory Provisions The sole issue on appeal is whether the district court committed plain error when it applied the sixteen level “crime of violence” enhancement found in U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii) to Mr. Herrera. Reviewing the language of the relevant Sentencing Guidelines’ provisions is necessary in conceptualizing this issue. Section 2L1.2(b)(l)(A)(ii) of the Guidelines states that a sixteen level enhancement is warranted “[i]f the defendant previously was deported ... after (A) a conviction for a felony that is ... (ii) a crime of violence.” U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii). Under § 2L1.2 of the Guidelines, the phrase “crime of violence” is defined as any of the following: murder, manslaughter, kidnaping, aggravated assault, forcible sex offenses, statutory rape, sexual abuse of a minor, robbery, arson, extortion, extortionate extension of credit, burglary of a dwelling, or any offense under federal, state, or local law that has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another. U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2, cmt. n.1(B)(iii)(emphasis added). Since battery is not one of the twelve enumerated offenses, the relevant language for the instant appeal is the catchall provision providing that a crime of violence is any offense “that has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another.” Id. Having laid out the framework of the Sentencing Guidelines provisions at issue, we now must turn to the underlying California statute of conviction, § 242 of the California Penal Code. California Penal Code § 242 defines battery as the “... willful and unlawful use of force or violence upon the person of another.” Cal.Penal Code § 242. As stated above, battery is not one of the twelve enumerated offenses in U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2, cmt. n.1(B)(iii). Therefore, in order to determine if § 242 qualifies under the Guidelines as a crime of violence, we must decide whether battery under California law “... has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another.” U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2, cmt. n.1(B)(iii). Mr. Herrera contends that a California battery conviction under § 242 is not necessarily a crime of violence because it does not require that an individual use, attempt to use, or threaten to use physical force against the person of another. Mr. Herrera argues that battery under § 242 includes crimes that do not have as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another as required by the Guidelines’ definition of a crime of violence. Put another way, one can commit battery in California, thereby violating § 242, without using, attempting to use, or threatening to use physical force against the person of another. Mr. Herrera maintains that this prevents battery under § 242 from being a categorical crime of violence under the Guidelines. Certainly, § 242 does indeed cover crimes of violence as defined by the Guidelines under U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2, cmt. n.1(B)(iii). This is clear because § 242 would include a category of crimes that have as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another. However, Mr. Herrera argues that § 242 also proscribes another category of crimes — crimes not involving the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another — that are not covered by U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2, cmt. n.1(B)(iii). Mr. Herrera contends that both of these categories of conduct are covered by § 242: (1) conduct involving the use, attempted use or threatened use of force against the person of another and (2) conduct not involving the use, attempted use or threatened use of force against the person of another. Thus, Mr. Herrera argues that § 242 is too broad to be a categorical crime of violence as defined under the Guidelines because there is no way to discern which type of conduct was committed. Ultimately, Mr. Herrera maintains that it is possible to commit battery under Cal.Penal Code § 242 and yet not commit a crime of violence under § 2L1.2 of the guidelines. Thus, Mr. Herrera contends that a reversal of the sixteen level crime of violence enhancement is required and he requests remand to the sentencing court for re-sentencing. This argument, the crux of the appeal, will be explored in depth in section D. However, prior to addressing that issue, we must address the proper approach to be used in evaluating whether or not Mr. Herrera committed a crime of violence under the Guidelines when he was convicted of battery under § 242 of the Cal.Penal Code. C. Pure Categorical v. Modified Categorical Approach This area of sentencing review is complicated and is prone to producing decisions that may, at times, lack the utmost clarity. Luckily, this court has had the opportunity to review this area recently. In evaluating whether or not an underlying conviction constitutes a “crime of violence” this court has had the opportunity to comment on the appropriate approach — pure categorical or modified categorical — to use in determining whether the application of the enhancement was proper. See United Staten v. Maldonado-Lopez, 517 F.3d 1207 (10th Cir.2008); United States v. Hays, 526 F.3d 674 (10th Cir.2008). Regardless of the approach used, our precedent indicates that it is proper for this court to look to the state court’s analysis of its own law in interpreting the underlying state law conviction which serves as the basis for the sixteen level “crime of violence” enhancement. See United Staten v. Perez-Vargas, 414 F.3d 1282, 1286 (10th Cir.2005) (stating that “[s]ince the language of the statute is broad, we turn to Colorado courts for interpretive assistance”); United States v. Reina-Rodriguez, 468 F.3d 1147 (9th Cir.2006); United States v. Bolanos-Hernandez, 492 F.3d 1140, 1143 (9th Cir.2007). The pure categorical approach focuses on the elements of the underlying conviction alone without evaluating the underlying facts of the defendant’s conduct. Taylor v. United States, 495 U.S. 575, 600, 110 S.Ct. 2143, 109 L.Ed.2d 607 (1990); United States v. Perez-Vargas, 414 F.3d 1282, 1284 (10th Cir.2005). However, there is an exception to the pure categorical approach. The exception allows for the sentencing court to consult reliable court documents from the underlying court of conviction. This is called the modified categorical approach. In applying Taylor, we have stated that the modified approach applies where the underlying statute of conviction “is ambiguous, or broad enough to encompass both violent and nonviolent crimes, [then] a court can look beyond the statute to certain records of the prior proceeding, such as the charging documents, the judgment, any plea thereto and findings by the sentencing court.” Perez-Vargas, 414 F.3d at 1284. In United States v. Hays, this court stated that “[w]hen the underlying statute [of conviction] reaches a broad range of conduct, some of which merits an enhancement and some of which does not, courts resolve the resulting ambiguity by consulting reliable judicial records, such as the charging document, plea agreement, or plea colloquy.” Hays, 526 F.3d at 676 (quoting United States v. Martinez-Hernandez, 422 F.3d 1084, 1086 (10th Cir. 2005)). This statement resembles that made by the Supreme Court in Taylor, and cited above. However, Hays also contains a critical limiting factor that narrows the number of situations when the modified categorical approach may be used. In Hays, we said that “[s]uch review does not involve a subjective inquiry into the facts of the case, but rather its purpose is to determine lwhich part of the statute was charged against the defendant and, thus, which portion of the statute to examine on its face.’ ” Hays, 526 F.3d at 676 (quoting United States v. Sanchez-Garcia, 501 F.3d 1208, 1211 (10th Cir.2007)) (emphasis added) (internal quotation and citation omitted). The key portion of the statements from Hays informs us that the modified approach is properly used when the underlying statute of conviction contains multiple element sets and is therefore divisible. This statement, that documents may be consulted when the statute provides two distinct avenues for a violation, limits the initially broad statement by the Supreme Court in Taylor that a statute need only be ambiguous and reach both violent and non-violent conduct in order for the sentencing court to utilize the modified approach and properly consider judicial documents. For example, in Hays, we examined a Wyoming battery statute that read as follows: “[a] person is guilty of battery if he unlawfully touches another in a rude, insolent or angry manner or intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes bodily injury to another.” Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 6-2-501(b). There are two ways that a person may commit battery in Wyoming: first, the individual may unlawfully touch another in a rude, insolent or angry manner and second, the individual may intentionally, knowingly or recklessly cause bodily injury to another. Id. Thus, since there are two ways to commit battery in Wyoming, the court may properly consider reliable judicial documents in an attempt to discern which method was used by the defendant in committing battery. However, in Hays, the only document provided in the record that referenced the Wyoming battery conviction was the PSR in the ongoing federal criminal case. No documents from the Wyoming court of conviction were provided to the sentencing court. With regard to that situation, we stated that the “presentence report in the present case ... is not one of the documents that this court may examine to resolve this ambiguity.” Hays, 526 F.3d at 678. This discussion of Hays indicates that the modified categorical approach is properly used when the underlying crime of conviction may be accomplished by two or more separate element sets. It is also helpful that this court recently decided United States v. Maldonado-Lopez, 517 F.3d 1207 (10th Cir.2008), which tackled the issue of the proper approach to be implemented when deciding if the defendant’s underlying conviction constituted a “crime of violence” under U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2. As in the instant case, Maldonado-Lopez dealt with the definition of a “crime of violence” as defined under U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2. Maldonado-Lopez, 517 F.3d at 1208-09. In Maldonado-Lopez, we considered whether or not the defendant had three prior convictions for crimes of violence which would warrant the imposition of a four level enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(E). Id. at 1208. The defendant in Maldonado-Lopez had three prior convictions for harassment in Colorado; the precise question before the court in Maldonado-Lopez was whether the convictions were considered crimes of violence under the Guidelines. Id. Ultimately, the Maldonado-Lopez court decided that the statute of conviction, Colo. Rev.Stat. § 18 — 9—111(1)(a), provided that an individual committed harassment in Colorado without the use of physical force, thereby preventing the four level enhancement from automatically applying. 517 F.3d at 1210. Maldonado-Lopez, 517 F.3d at 1209. The majority opinion then stated that because the statute was broad enough to cover both violent and non-violent crimes, it was proper for the sentencing court to look to the charging documents (indictment, jury instructions, plea transcripts, judgments, and plea agreement if any exist) from the defendant’s three prior convictions. Id. The court determined that in two of the convictions, sufficient information existed in the plea transcripts that supported the sentencing court’s finding that the defendant had committed a crime of violence. Id. However, with respect to the third harassment conviction, the court only had the judgment from the court of conviction to consult and it failed to provide evidence that the defendant engaged in conduct that constituted a crime of violence. Maldonado-Lopez, 517 F.3d at 1209-10. Ultimately, we held that the enhancement was not supported and remanded for re-sentencing. Id. at 1210. The concurrence by Judge McConnell focused on which approach was appropriate in that case: the pure categorical approach or the modified categorical approach. Id. at 1210. At the outset, the concurrence explains the pure categorical approach and when it is utilized and also explains the “exception” to the pure categorical approach — also known as the modified categorical approach: [w]hen a sentencing enhancement is framed in terms of the statute of conviction, the categorical approach applies and the sentencing court must look not to the particular facts of the prior conviction but to the terms of the underlying statute. United States v. Martinez-Hernandez, 422 F.3d 1084, 1086 (10th Cir.2005). Even within the scope of the categorical approach, however, the Supreme Court has recognized an “exception” for cases where the jury was actually required to find all the elements of the generic offense in order to convict, but where it is not clear from the statute itself which version of the crime the defendant was charged with. Taylor v. United States, 495 U.S. 575, 602, 110 S.Ct. 2143, 109 L.Ed.2d 607 (1990); Shepard v. United States, 544 U.S. 13, 17, 125 S.Ct. 1254, 161 L.Ed.2d 205 (2005). In such a case, the sentencing court may consult the indictment, jury instructions, plea colloquy transcript, and written plea agreement, if these exist. Maldonado-Lopez, 517 F.3d at 1210 (internal citations omitted). Both the concurrence and the majority agreed that the Colorado statute at issue did not necessar- illy require the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another. However, the concurrence concluded that what the defendant actually did was irrelevant in determining whether the underlying statute of conviction had as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another. Thus, the concurrence recommended utilizing the pure categorical approach and not examining the charging documents as allowed under the modified categorical approach. In contrast, the majority opinion considered it appropriate to examine further into the charging documents to determine if they would reveal what part of the Colorado harassment statute was violated and whether or not that violation qualified as a crime of violence. The concurrence stated that utilizing the modified categorical approach, where charging documents are examined, is appropriate where “the statute itself has subparts with different enumerated elements, and it is not clear which set of elements the defendant was convicted under.” Id. at 1211. This principle echoes the analysis in Hays. Looking to the charging documents when the underlying statute of conviction at issue has subparts allows the sentencing court to determine under which set of elements the defendant was convicted. Another recent case, United States v. Zuniga-Soto, 527 F.3d 1110 (10th Cir. 2008), furthers the analysis found in Hays and Maldonado-Lopez. In Zuniga-Soto, the defendant pleaded guilty to assaulting a public servant in violation of Tex. Pen. Code § 22.01. Zuniga-Soto, 527 F.3d at 1114-15. As in the instant case, the same sixteen level crime of violence enhancement from the Guidelines was at issue in Zuniga-Soto. Id. at 1115-16. The court addressed which approach — pure categorical or modified categorical — to use in analyzing whether the defendant’s underlying Texas assault conviction qualified as a crime of violence under the Guidelines. Id. at 1119-21. The Zuniga-Soto court noted, as mentioned above, that there appears to be an intra-circuit split where at times the opinions have allowed an inquiry beyond the statutory definitions of crimes. E.g., United States v. Maldonado-Lopez, 517 F.3d 1207, 1209 (10th Cir.2008) (noting that a sentencing court applying § 2L1.2’s definition of “crime of violence” may “deviate from the categorical approach to determine whether a conviction under [a Colorado harassment statute] is a crime violence”); United States v. Hernandez-Garduno, 460 F.3d 1287, 1294 (10th Cir. 2006) (observing that “[i]f the charging documents, plea agreement, transcript of a plea colloquy, or sentencing court findings of the prior state court conviction demonstrate that third-degree assault did, in fact, involve the use ... of physical force, then the particular defendant’s prior assault conviction qualifies as a crime of violence under § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii)”). Zuniga-Soto, 527 F.3d at 1121 (alterations in original). Ultimately, the Zuniga-Soto court held that consistent with our precedent, “the express focus of § 2L1.2’s definition of crime of violence was on the elements of the state crime at issue rather than the unique underlying circumstances of the crime”. Id. at 1121 (internal quotations and citations omitted). The court first looked at the Texas assault statute and found that the state could obtain a conviction against an individual by showing that a person “intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another .. Tex. PemCode § 22.01(a)(1). The Zuniga-Soto court found that while the statute was grammatically divisible, there was no evidence that the defendant “was convicted under a part of § 22.01 that excluded recklessness from its definition of assault.” Zuniga-Soto, 527 F.3d at 1122. The court then proceeded to apply the pure categorical approach to the underlying Texas assault statute. Id. at 1121-23. An analysis of CahPenal Code § 242 results in our conclusion that the pure categorical approach is appropriate in the instant case. Similar to the Texas assault statute in Zunigar-Soto, here, the underlying statute, Cal. PemCode § 242, is one that contains a disjunction “or” in its text, but does not contain multiple element sets or subparts. This mirrors the potential grammatical division found at issue in Zuniga-Soto. Section 242 defines battery as “any willful and unlawful use of force or violence upon the person of another.” Cal. PemCode § 242. One could read this statute as having subparts or multiple element sets by construing the disjunction “or” as follows: (1) the willful and unlawful use, of (a) force, or (b) violence, (2) against the person of another. However, one could read the statute’s phrase “force or violence” as a term of art that is not meant to be treated as two completely separate and distinct terms. Since there are two reasonable interpretations of the ambiguous statute, pursuant to Perez-Vargas, 414 F.3d at 1286, we look to the California state courts for interpretive assistance. In People v. Page, the California Court of Appeal stated that the term “force or violence” has “the special legal meaning of a harmful or offensive touching.” People v. Page, 123 Cal.App.4th 1466, 20 Cal.Rptr.3d 857, 864 n. 1 (2004) (emphasis added); see also Galeana-Mendoza v. Gonzales, 465 F.3d 1054, 1059 (9th Cir. 2006); Ortega-Mendez v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 1010, 1016 (9th Cir.2006). The California state courts’ determination that “force or violence” has a special legal meaning that differs from the ordinary meaning of the two words makes it a term of art. Black’s Law Dictionary defines a term of art as: “[a] word or phrase having a specific, precise meaning in a given specialty, apart from its general meaning in ordinary contexts.” Black’s Law Dictionary 1511 (8th ed. 2004); see also Hamling v. United States, 418 U.S. 87, 118, 94 S.Ct. 2887, 41 L.Ed.2d 590 (1974). Since the phrase “force or violence” is a term of art, as determined by the California courts, it is not possible to separate § 242 into subparts or multiple element sets. Additionally, the California Supreme Court states that “force or violence ... has the special legal meaning of a harmful or offensive touching”. People v. Pinhol-ster, 1 Cal.4th 865, 4 Cal.Rptr.2d 765, 824 P.2d 571 (1992). In Page, the California Court of Appeals stated that “[i]t has long been established, both in tort and criminal law, that the least touching may constitute battery.” Page, 20 Cal.Rptr.3d at 864 n. 1 (citing People v. Colantuono, 7 Cal.4th 206, 26 Cal.Rptr.2d 908, 865 P.2d 704 (1994)) (internal quotations omitted). In People v. Mansfield, 200 Cal.App.3d 82, 245 Cal.Rptr. 800, 803 (1988), the California Court of Appeals stated that to constitute battery, “force against the person is enough; it need not be violent or severe, it need not cause bodily harm or even pain, and it need not leave any mark.” Mansfield, 245 Cal.Rptr. at 803 (internal citations and quotations omitted); see also People v. Martinez, 3 Cal.App.3d 886, 83 Cal.Rptr. 914, 915 (1970)(“Any harmful or offensive touching constitutes an unlawful use of force or violence.”). Furthermore, there is no indication from the California courts that an individual could be charged with only using force to commit battery or only using violence to commit battery. The California battery statute does not have multiple element sets, nor does it have subparts that provide for a variety of elements that may be found by a jury (or plead guilty to by a defendant) in order to convict the individual for battery. Section 242 is composed of one single statement that defines battery. In California, all that is required for battery is the intent to commit a “willful and unlawful use of force or violence upon the person of another.” People v. Lara, 44 Cal.App.4th 102, 51 Cal.Rptr .2d 402, 405 (1996)(citing People v. Colantuono, 7 Cal.4th 206, 26 Cal.Rptr.2d 908, 865 P.2d 704 (1994)). Any individual who either pleads guilty to or is found guilty of battery in California satisfies the following elements — and only these elements — in every situation: (1) willful and unlawful use of, (2) force or violence, (3) against the person of another. Based on the Zuniga-Soto opinion and our recently developed jurisprudence in this area, the pure categorical approach will be used in the instant case where the underlying statute of conviction, CahPenal Code § 242, does not proscribe battery in multiple element sets or subparts. The pure categorical approach does not allow for charging documents to be considered in discerning whether or not the defendant committed a crime of violence. As Judge McConnell stated in his Maldonado-Lopez concurrence, under the pure categorical approach “[t]he elements are the elements, and they can be determined only by reading and interpreting the statute itself.” 517 F.3d at 1211. In fact, this case is very much like those in Maldonado-Lopez and Zuniga-Soto where the underlying statute of conviction encompasses both violent and non-violent crime. The concurrence recommended applying the formal categorical approach and we adopt that recommendation in the instant appeal for the following reasons. Were this court to apply the modified categorical approach (thereby allowing the examination of the Taylor-Shepard approved court documents from the underlying conviction) the particular conduct of the defendant would be examined and taken into account, which is improper. In United States v. Lewis, 405 F.3d 511 (7th Cir. 2005), cited by the concurrence in Maldonado-Lopez, the Seventh Circuit explained the function of allowing the sentencing court to examine the charging documents in the underlying conviction: The list in Shepard is designed to identify documents that illuminate what crime the defendant committed, which can be hard to pin down if one statute defines both ‘violent’ and ‘non-violent’ versions of a single offense. Using additional materials such as affidavits to ascertain how this person violated a statute departs from the categorical approach that Shepard and Taylor adopt. Lewis, 405 F.3d at 515. For example, the consultation of documents pertaining to the underlying conviction would be particularly helpful were the statute one that had two distinct subparts — with which an individual may be charged — which individually provided (1) an element set for a violent version of the crime and (2) another different element set for the non-violent version of the crime. Thus, by examining the court documents, there may be an indication as to which element set the individual was charged with and convicted under — not what the defendant actually did to the victim. See Zuniga-Soto, 527 F.3d at 1120-21 (holding that a court may examine judicial records to determine which part of a statute was charged against the defendant but not to engage in a subjective inquiry into the factual circumstances of the underlying conviction). However, in the instant case, the California battery statute does not have sub-parts or distinct element sets, but it does encompass both violent and non-violent versions of battery which is substantially similar to the situation in Maldonado-Lopez and Zuniga-Soto. See Ortega-Mendez v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 1010, 1014 (9th Cir.2006) (holding that the pure categorical approach is used when determining whether CahPenal Code § 242 constitutes a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 16). Since we have concluded that the categorical approach applies in the instant case, we are not allowed to examine any judicial documents from the underlying court of conviction or from the ongoing federal case in determining whether the conviction has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of force against the person of another. D. § 212 and the Use, Attempted Use, or Threatened Use of Physical Force This is the crux of the instant appeal: whether § 242 has as an element the use, threatened use, or attempted use of physical force against the person of another. Under Perez-Vargas, noted above, it is proper for this court to consider the state court’s interpretation of the underlying statute of conviction, in this case § 242. Furthermore, we give deference to the state court’s interpretation of its own law. See United States v. Perez-Vargas, 414 F.3d 1282, 1286 (10th Cir.2005); see also United States v. Bolanos-Hemandez, 492 F.3d 1140, 1143 (9th Cir.2007) (holding that under the Taylor-Shepard framework, state statutes are read according to the state court interpretation); United States v. Reina-Rodriguez, 468 F.3d 1147, 1152 (9th Cir.2006) (holding that when utilizing the categorical approach, the court is bound by the state court’s interpretation of the statute) overruled on other grounds by United States v. Grisel, 488 F.3d 844, 851 (9th Cir.2007) (en banc). In reviewing California Supreme Court precedent, we find that “the least touching constitutes battery.” People v. Colantuono, 7 Cal.4th 206, 214, n. 4, 26 Cal.Rptr.2d 908, 865 P.2d 704 (1994) (internal quotation marks omitted). This is a general statement about battery under § 242 in California. The Supreme Court’s ruling in Leocal v. Ashcroft, 543 U.S. 1, 125 S.Ct. 377, 160 L.Ed.2d 271 (2004), is relevant in analyzing this statement from Colantuono. In Leocal, the court examined whether or not a driving under the influence offense from Florida qualified as a “crime of violence” under 18 U.S.C. § 16 — which defines a crime of violence with a broader definition than that found in the Guidelines. 543 U.S. at 5, 125 S.Ct. 377; see United States v. Jaimes-Jaimes, 406 F.3d 845, 849 (7th Cir.2005) (“[njotably, ‘crime of violence’ is defined more narrowly in § 2L1.2 than in other contexts because the definition does not encompass acts involving the use of force against property or acts that merely pose a risk of harm to another person.” See United States v. Calderon-Peña, 383 F.3d 254, 261 (5th Cir.2004) (en banc)). As cited by Hays, the Court in Leocal contemplated the category of crimes qualifying as crimes of violence under § 16 or the Guidelines as “violent, active crimes.” Id. (citing Leocal v. Ashcroft, 543 U.S. at 11, 125 S.Ct. 377). The principle in Leocal — that crimes of violence suggest a category of active, violent crimes — does not correlate with the statement made by the California Supreme Court in Colantuono — that the least touching constitutes battery in California under § 242. A closer look at § 242 as interpreted by the California courts reveals similar concerns about the disparity between conduct covered by § 242 and more violent conduct covered by the crimes of violence definition under the Guidelines. For example, in People v. Pinholster, 1 Cal.4th 865, 4 Cal.Rptr.2d 765, 824 P.2d 571 (1992), the court stated that the “[a]ny harmful or offensive touching constitutes an unlawful use of force or violence” and that throwing a cup of urine in someone’s face was battery. 4 Cal.Rptr.2d 765, 824 P.2d at 622 (citing People v. Martinez, 3 Cal.App.3d 886, 83 Cal.Rptr. 914, 915 (1970)). Also, in County of Santa Clara v. Willis, 179 Cal.App.3d 1240, 1251 n. 6, 225 Cal.Rptr. 244 (1986), the court stated that “[t]he least unprivileged touching may constitute a criminal battery.” In Willis, the court went on to further define battery when it quoted from People v. Rocha, 3 Cal.3d 893, 899, n. 12, 92 Cal.Rptr. 172, 479 P.2d 372 (1971), “[i]n other words, force against the person is enough, it need not be violent or severe, it need not cause bodily harm or even pain, and it need not leave any mark.” These interpretations of battery under § 242 have been reaffirmed recently in People v. Thomas, 146 Cal.App.4th 1278, 53 Cal.Rptr.3d 473, 482 (2007); see Galeana-Mendoza v. Gonzales, 465 F.3d 1054, 1059 (9th Cir.2006) (reviewing California state court interpretation of Cal.Penal Code § 242). A recent Ninth Circuit case is particularly noteworthy. In Bushell-McIntyre v. City of San Jose, 252 Fed.Appx. 810, 811 (9th Cir.2007), the court held that an officer had probable cause to arrest the defendant for battery because the defendant touched the officer’s badge. Having clearly found that offensive nonviolent touching qualifies as battery under CaLPenal Code § 242, we must determine whether or not § 242’s definition has as an element the use, attempted use or threatened use of physical force against the person of another as required by the enhancement at issue. As stated by the Supreme Court in Leocal, crimes of violence suggest a category of violent, active crimes. 543 U.S. at 11, 125 S.Ct. 377. This categorical statement conflicts with the California courts’ numerous holdings that the least offensive touching may constitute battery under § 242. Based on the cited statement from the Supreme Court in Leocal, 543 U.S. at 11, 125 S.Ct. 377 which we have interpreted in Hays, non-violent touching seems to exist outside the category of active, violent crimes. Aiding in our analysis are two other cases from the Ninth Circuit that warrant discussion. The first, United States v. Robinson, 967 F.2d 287 (9th Cir.1992), held that § 242 was a crime of violence— because it had as an element the use of physical force — for the purposes of determining the defendant’s career offender status under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1. The second Ninth Circuit case is Ortega-Mendez v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d at 1018. The Ortega-Mendez court held that § 242 is not categorically a crime of violence within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. § 16— which defines a crime of violence in broader terms than in the instant case. See United States v. Jaimes-Jaimes, 406 F.3d 845, 849 (7th Cir.2005) (“[n]otably, ‘crime of violence’ is defined more narrowly in § 2L1.2 than in other contexts because the definition does not encompass acts involving the use of force against property or acts that merely pose a risk of harm to another person.” See United States v. Colderon-Peña, 383 F.3d 254, 261 (5th Cir.2004) (en banc)). In contrast to Robinson, the court in Ortegar-Mendez examined California state court interpretation of § 242 and found the same reasoning and came to the same conclusion as we have discussed above, i.e. that § 242’s “force or violence” phrase “is a term of art, requiring neither a force capable of hurting or causing injury nor violence in the usual sense of the term.” Ortega-Mendez, 450 F.3d at 1016. The extensive analysis and review of California state court opinions provide the basis for our consideration of Ortega-Mendez as persuasive authority. See Ortega-Mendez, 450 F.3d at 1016-18; see also Servin v. Gonzales, 186 Fed.Appx. 780, 781 (9th Cir.2006) (citing Ortega-Mendez with approval). Based on our own independent analysis and interpretation of Cal-Penal Code § 242, a thorough review of California state court interpretation of § 242, the Ninth Circuit’s examination of § 242, and the Supreme Court’s interpretation of what constitutes a crime of violence, we find that § 242 is not a categorical crime of violence as defined by U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2, cmt. n.1(B)(iii). E. Plain Error Review The Defendant-Appellant has conceded that the alleged error below was not objected to, thereby requiring plain error review. United States v. Lopez-Flores, 444 F.3d 1218, 1221 (10th Cir.2006). “Plain error occurs when there is (1) error, (2) that is plain, which (3) affects substantial rights, and which (4) seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” Lopez-Flores, 444 F.3d at 1222 (internal quotation marks omitted). The Defendant-Appellant contends that the district court committed plain error by imposing the sixteen level enhancement. First, the defendant must show that the district court committed an error. Lopez-Flores, 444 F.3d at 1222 (internal quotation marks omitted). Based on the foregoing rationale from the California state courts and our own analysis of those opinions, we find that it was an error to impose the sixteen level enhancement on Mr. Herrera. An examination of the California courts’ interpretation of § 242 reveals the disparity in conduct covered by § 242 and more violent conduct covered by the Guidelines’ crime of violence definition. Second, the defendant must show that the error was plain. Lopez-Flores, 444 F.3d at 1222 (internal quotation marks omitted). In United States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725, 734, 113 S.Ct. 1770, 123 L.Ed.2d 508 (1993), the Supreme Court defined a “plain” error as one that is obvious or clear. The Court also indicated that the error must be plain under law at the time of the district court’s decision. Olano, 507 U.S. at 735, 113 S.Ct. 1770. We have stated in United States v. Malone, 222 F.3d 1286, 1292 (10th Cir.2000), that an improper interpretation or application oí' the Guidelines is plain error. See also United States v. Alessandroni, 982 F.2d 419, 420 (10th Cir.1992) (same). We have also recently reaffirmed this principle, albeit in dicta, in Zuniga-Soto In the instant case, we determined above that § 242 does not necessarily have as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another. This necessarily means that the district court wrongly interpreted § 242 as having as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another. We are not concluding that the district court erred in its interpretation of the Guidelines; we are holding that the district court erred in interpreting Cal.Penal Code § 242. The question then is whether this error is plain, clear or obvious. Under Olano, the Supreme Court held that “[a]t a minimum, a court of appeals cannot correct an error pursuant to [Fed. R.Crim. Proc.] 52(b) unless the error is clear under current law.” Olano, 507 U.S. at 734, 113 S.Ct. 1770. The error in this case, that § 242 had the required element of force, is plain under our precedent in Malone; but the error is also plain based on the numerous and unanimous opinions of the California state courts interpreting § 242. Furthermore, we discussed above the Ninth Circuit case, Ortegar-Mendez, that existed at the time the district court made the determination. Thus, the jurisprudence discussed heretofore was in place and controlling at the time the district court applied the sixteen level enhancement. Based on our foregoing analysis, we find that Mr. Herrera has met the second prong of the plain error test. The third prong of the plain error review test requires that the defendant show that the plain error affected substantial rights. Lopez-Flores, 444 F.3d at 1222 (internal quotation marks omitted). Mr. Herrera received a sixteen level enhancement because of the plain error committed by the district court. This results in a substantial increase in his base offense level and his term of imprisonment. It is well-settled that sentences must be reasonable, which limitation has both procedural and substantive components. United States v. Smart, 518 F.3d 800, 803 (10th Cir.2008). Procedural reasonableness entails a district court’s proper calculation of the base offense level. Gall v. United States, — U.S. -, 128 S.Ct. 586, 597, 169 L.Ed.2d 445 (2007). When this does not occur, the sentence is not procedurally reasonable and a remand is appropriate unless the error was harmless. United States v. Scott, 529 F.3d 1290, 1299-1300 (10th Cir.2008) (citing United States v. Todd, 515 F.3d 1128, 1134-35 (10th Cir.2008); see United States v. Kristl, 437 F.3d 1050, 1055 (10th Cir.2006)) (holding that a non-harmless error applying the Guidelines warrants remand). Thus, because the sixteen level enhancement is substantial and necessarily affected the calculation of Mr. Herrera’s base offense level, we find that the error affected substantial rights. Finally, the fourth prong asks whether the plain error seriously affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings. Lopez-Flores, 444 F.3d at 1222 (internal quotation marks omitted). In United States v. Eddy, 523 F.3d 1268, 1270 (10th Cir.2008), we stated that in order to meet the requirement of the fourth prong, the defendant must show that a failure to correct the error would be egregious and result in a miscarriage of justice. At the outset, we note that the Defendan1>-Appellant’s base offense level was substantially increased due to the sixteen level enhancement. We also note that there is a reasonable likelihood that were this court to vacate the sentence and remand, a significantly lower sentence would result. United States v. Brown, 316 F.3d 1151, 1161 (10th Cir.2003). We consider it to be egregious and a miscarriage of justice for a Defendant’s incarceration to be significantly lengthened based on an improper interpretation of the law and an improper imposition of a significant Guidelines’ enhancement. We conclude that there was plain error in the instant case and that a remand for re-sentencing is proper. IV. CONCLUSION We REMAND this case to the district court with instructions to vacate the present sentence of Mr. Herrera and to impose a new sentence in conformity with this opinion. IT IS SO ORDERED. This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R.App. P.32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1. . Tex. Pen.Code § 22.01 reads: (a) A person commits an [assault] if the person: (1) intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another ... . The Zuniga-Soto panel did not need to address the argument that an incorrect interpretation of the Guidelines satisfied the second prong of the plain error analysis because the opinion reversed the enhancement on alternative grounds.	CASELAW
Make Your Code Great, Python Style Learn some tricks to write better Python code Feature Image Python is a great programming language that offers us amazing tools to make our code more readable, concise, and cool. Today I’d like to talk about ways to write more Pythonic code, we will cover some great tricks that will improve the quality of your code. Let’s start… Using Unpacking Python allows a tuple (or list) of variables to appear on the assignment side of an operation. This allows us to simplify our code, making it more readable. Let’s start with an example of unpacking tuples: >>> a, b, c = (1, 2, 3) >>> a 1 >>> b 2 >>> c 3 Easy enough, more than one variable can be on the left side of our assignment operation, while the values on the right side are assigned one by one to each of the variables. Just be aware that the number of items on the left side should equal the number of items on the right, or you may get a ValueError like this: >>> a, b = 1, 2, 3 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 2) >>> a, b, c = 1, 2 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected 3, got 2) However, since Python is awesome, there are ways to prevent this from happening, you can do something like: >>> a, b, c = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 >>> a 1 >>> b [2, 3, 4, 5] >>> c 6 What did just happen? When we use the operator in this context, it will extend the unpacking functionality to allow us to collect or pack multiple values in a single variable. Exactly all the once which were not used by the expression. It’s awesome, just remember you can have only one * operator in the assignment to avoid SyntaxError. >>> a, b, c, d = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 File "<stdin>", line 1 SyntaxError: two starred expressions in assignment but you can also unpack lists: >>> a, b, c = ['a', 'b', 'c'] >>> a 'a' or strings…. >>> a, b, c = 'def' >>> a 'd' actually, you can use any iterable in this way. But let me show you one more cool thing before we jump to the next topic: >>> a = 1 >>> b = 2 >>> a, b = b, a >>> a 2 >>> b 1 Isn’t that the most beautiful variable swap ever? Checking against None The None keyword in Python is used to define a null value, or no value at all. Unlike other languages, None in Python is a datatype of its own (NoneType) and only None can be None. Let’s see it in examples how does it work: x = None >>> type(x) <class 'NoneType'> >>> x == 0 False >>> x == False False If you want to check if a variable is actually None you could do something like this: >>> x == None True And it is valid, however there’s a more Pythonic way of doing it: >>> x is None True >>> x is not None False It does the same job, however, it looks more human. Iterating Another great example where python excels, iterations in Python can be very elegant, or terribly Unpythonic (if that word even exists). How would you try to loop in Python if you are coming maybe from JS or C? Happened to me at first >>> x = [1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 11] >>> for i in range(len(x)): ... print(x[i]) ... 1 2 3 5 8 11 Then I learned some other options: >>> x = [1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 11] >>> for i in x: ... print(i) ... 1 2 3 5 8 11 but maybe what you want is to iterate in reverse order, well, you can do something like: >>> x = [1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 11] >>> for item in x[::-1]: ... print(item) ... 11 8 5 3 2 1 That’s pretty good, but it still looks weird, doesn’t look like human, maybe there’s another way: >>> for item in reversed(x): ... print(item) ... 11 8 5 3 2 1 Now looks beautiful! but what if we need the index and the item value? We had all that in our first attempt and now we seem to have lost it. No worries, there are Pythonic ways to do it as well: >>> x = [1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 11] >>> for i, item in enumerate(x): ... print(i, item) ... 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 5 4 8 5 11 But sometimes we have more than 1 array we want to iterate over, how would we do that? We can use our packing/unpacking friends: >>> names = ['Juan', 'Gera', 'Martin'] >>> ages = [33, 30, 36] >>> for person in zip(names, ages): ... print(person) ... ('Juan', 33) ('Gera', 30) ('Martin', 36) And if we want to access each value individually: >>> names = ['Juan', 'Gera', 'Martin'] >>> ages = [33, 30, 36] >>> for person in zip(names, ages): ... name, age = person ... print(name, age) ... Juan 33 Gera 30 Martin 36 Or even better: >>> names = ['Juan', 'Gera', 'Martin'] >>> ages = [33, 30, 36] >>> for name, age in zip(names, ages): ... print(name, age) ... Juan 33 Gera 30 Martin 36 Sometimes we need to iterate over objects, and Python allows us to do that easily: >>> obj = {'name': 'Juan', 'age': 33} >>> for k in obj: ... print(k, obj[k]) ... name Juan age 33 But we can also get both the key and the value using the .items() method of the object: >>> obj = {'name': 'Juan', 'age': 33} >>> for k, v in obj.items(): ... print(k, v) ... name Juan age 33 Objects also offer methods like .keys() and .values() which depending on your use case can be very helpful. Note that Python offers us many ways to iterate over things, sometimes a looping over a range() is what we need and that’s perfectly fine, but some other alternatives can be clearer for developers to read, and we should use them when possible. Avoid Mutable Optional Arguments As many other languages Python offers us the possibility to have optional arguments, and as they can be very handy, they can also bring some unexpected behaviors. Let’s look at the following example: >>> def add_value(value, seq=[]): ... seq.append(value) ... return seq ... So far so good, we have a function called add_value, which will add a value to the list every time we call the function, and will return the list at the end. The list is a parameter which is optional. Let’s now call our function and see how it behaves: >>> add_value(5) [5] Perfect, our optional parameter is working, and we get as a result a list with a single value. Let’s try adding some more: >>> add_value(5) [5] >>> add_value(8) [5, 8] >>> add_value(13) [5, 8, 13] Wait… what? That doesn’t look right, however is the actual result, and once we explain it, it will make sense…. or maybe not… let’s see. When we define our function Python generates an instance of the default value, and this instance is then used every time the optional value is not provided. This is a big issue for our use case, as the list will keep growing even though that’s not what we we need in this particular case. So how we go about fixing it? We could do something as follows: >>> def add_value(value, seq=None): ... if seq is None: ... seq = [] ... seq.append(value) ... return seq ... Here is something that looks strange in Python and I don’t like it so much, though that feature we now detected as an issue in many cases can be super useful, we just need to be aware of it and use it wisely. Properties vs Getters and Setters WARNING: This topic may be cause controversy among Java developers 😛. Out of all jokes, it’s very tempting if you are a Java developer or coming from C++ to try doing something like the following: >>> class Person: ... def get_name(self): ... return self.__name ... def set_name(self, name): ... self.__name = name ... >>> person = Person() >>> person.set_name('Juan') >>> person.get_name() 'Juan' Now, even if there’s nothing wrong with that, it’s not the Python way. Before I present you the Python way, let me get my gloves 🥊 >>> class Person: ... @property ... def name(self): ... return self.__name ... @name.setter ... def name(self, value): ... self.__name = value ... >>> person = Person() >>> person.name = 'Juan' >>> person.name 'Juan' I’m ready for the fight now….😛 Protected and Private attributes, but not really…. “Protected” or “Private” instance variables that cannot be accessed except from inside an object don’t exist in Python, however there is a convention used by all Python developers to specify these attributes. >>> class Test: ... def __init__(self, *args): ... self.x, self._y, self.__z = args ... >>> test = Test(1, 2, 4) If we now try to access the x property from outside the class block we get the actual value of x. And this is correct and a good practice >>> test.x 1 We can try the same thing with _y: >>> test._y 2 And we get the result, however this is consider bad practice as the attribute starts with _ and was intended by the developers of the class not to be accessible from outside. But what happens now with __z: >>> test.__z Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> AttributeError: 'Test' object has no attribute '__z' In this case we get an error, great, however, it’s still possible to access the attribute, we just need to add some magic to our code: >>> test._Test__z 4 If we prepend the attribute name with _classname we can still access the value, but it’s terrible wrong to do so. According to the Python docs: a name prefixed with an underscore (e.g. _spam) should be treated as a non-public part of the API (whether it is a function, a method or a data member). It should be considered an implementation detail and subject to change without notice. Any identifier of the form __spam (at least two leading underscores, at most one trailing underscore) is textually replaced with _classname__spam, where classname is the current class name with leading underscore(s) stripped Use Context Managers to Handle Resources When working with resources, such as files, database connections, etc, that we need to handle the code for successfully close or release the resource, and it’s very common to see something like the following: >>> my_file = open('filename.txt', 'w') >>> # read my_file or do something with it >>> my_file.close() This code is right, unless something happens in between, what if an error occurs, how can we make sure that the file gets always closed? Here is where Context Managers enter into play: >>> with open('filename.txt', 'w') as my_file: ... # do something with `my_file` That’s a much safer way to do it! Summary Python is a very simple and elegant language to work with. It’s simplicity makes it very popular among students or people learning to code, however, it’s very important to write proper Python code. I hope that after reading the article you have a few ideas into what’s the Pythonic way of writing code, and that you can research for many more. I hope you enjoyed it! Join the Free Newsletter A free, weekly e-mail with the best new articles. We won't send you spam. Unsubscribe at any time. Contribute If you like this article and you want to support my work, you can:	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Frederick Huson v. John P. Dale. Slander : Evidence under the general issue to mitigate damages. To rebut, malice and thus to mitigate damages, but not to establish a defense, it is competent to show under the general issue that at the time the slanderous words were uttered, the defendant reasonably believed them to be true. Facts -which may tend to establish the truth of the words are not for that reason inadmissible under the general issue. If they tend to rebut malice and are offered for that purpose only, and are not such as might have have been pleaded as justification, they are admissible. Thompson v. Bowers (1 Doug. 321.) so far as it is in conflict with these principles overruled. — Parr v. Rasco, 9 Mich. 858, approved Evidence offered in mitigation under the general issue must be treated as involving a conclusive admission that the words are not in fact true ; but the defendant may show that he believed them to be true and may introduce facts to show the grounds of such belief at the time of speaking the words. The rule in Underwood v. Park, (2 Strange 1,200), that if a defendant intend to rely upon the truth of the charge in any way, he must plead it, — discussed and approved. This rule is not inconsistent with the admission of testimony under the general issue offered in mitigation and not in justification. Variance. Testimony offered by a defendant in mitigation of damages in slander to prove that he believed the words charged--14 He stole my horse ” — to be true, is admissible notwithstanding the proof showed that the horse referred to belonged to the defendant’s wife. Heard May 6. Decided July 12. Error to Washtenaw Circuit. This was a action of slander brought by John P. Dale against Frederick Huson, in the Circuit Court for the County of Washtenaw. To the declaration, the defendant pleaded the general issue only; and on the trial offered evidence to rebut the presumption of malice and in mitigation of damages. The evidence was excluded, and after verdict and judgment for the plaintiff, the defendant brought the case into this court by writ of error. H. J. Bealces, for Plaintiff in error. The general question which arises on the record in this case, is whether in an action of slander it is competent for the defendant to show under the general issue in mitigation of damages, that at the time of making the charge imputed to him, he had reason to believe, and did believe, the plaintiff to be guilty of the offense charged, and that the defendant acted honestly and in good faith in making the charge for which the action is brought. The right to use the rejected evidence as a full justification, was expressly disclaimed at the trial, as the record shows. 1. It is well settled that malice is the gist of the action. Bush v. Prosser, 11 N. Y. 358; Maitland v. Goldney, 2 East 436; 1 Starkie on Slander, 431-433; White v. Nichols, 3 Howard U. S. Rep. 266; 1 Kent’s Com. 635, 641, tenth edition, (being pp. 20 and 25 of former edition;) Lewis v. Chapman, 16 N. Y. 372; McKee v. Ingalls, 4 Scam. 30; Taylor v. Kneeland, 1 Doug. 74; Brown v. Brooks, 3 Ind. 518; Gates v. Meredith, 7 Ind. 440; Cook v. Barklay 1 Penn., N. J. Rep, 180, 183; 2 Bouvier’s Law Dict. 529, Slander; King v. Root, 7 Cowen 625. 2. And that affirmative evidence may be given by the plaintiff to show actual malice on the part of the defendant, for the purpose of enhancing the damages. — Taylor v. Kneeland, 1 Doug. 75; 2 Greenleaf’s Ev. §418; Defries v. Davis, 7 Car. & Payne, 112; Bromage v. Prosser, 4 Barn. & Cress. 247; King v. Root, 4 Wend. 139. 3. In actions of this character, exemplary or vindictive damages are allowed where the defendant has acted in bad faith. And malice is presumed from the speaking of slanderous words, unless explained or excused by the circumstances.—Sedgwick on Damages, Chap. 18, pp. 522, 526 528, 531, 532, (4th Edition,) and cases there cited; Tillotson v. Cheetham, 8 Johnson, 56, 58, 63, 64, 66; 1 Starkie on Slander, 213; Gilreath v. Allen, 10 Iredell 67; Kinney v. Hosea, 3 Harrington 397; Fry v. Bennett, 4 Duer; 247; Cramer v. Noonan, 4 Wis. 231; King v. Root, 4 Wend. 139. 4. The general rule in actions of tort — especially in actions for injuries to the character or person — is that the degree of malice on the part of the defendant materially affects the damages recoverable. Taylor v. Church, 8 N. Y. 460, 462, 463, and cases there cited, 1 Kent Com. 641. 5. It has always been held in cases where special damage is the sole cause of action, that evidence of the truth of the words may be admitted under the general issue to disprove malice.—Watson v. Reynolds, 1 Moody and Malkin 1; Harrison’s Digest 935—Defamation—Evidence; 2 Greenleaf’s Ev., § 421. But whether the malice be inferred from the words themselves or be shown by affirmative or extrinsic evidence, is of no moment. It is only a different mode of proving the same fact. And on principle the defendant ought to have the same right to rebut the malice in the one ease as in the other — at least so far as affects the damages. See Lewis v. Chapman, 16 N. Y. 372. See also discussions of the distinctions between express and implied malice, by N. Hill, Jr., arguendo in Darry v. People, 16 N. Y. 123 6. It is agreed on all hands that the defendant may give in evidence under the general issue, in mitigation of damages, any facts which disprove malice, provided they do not pz-ove or tend to prove the truth of the chaz-ge.—Gilman v. Lowell, 8 Wend. 573; Sedgwick on Damages, 633; King v. Root, 7 Cowen 633, 636; Larned v. Buffington, 3 Mass. 546, 553. 7. In the action for malicious prosecution it is settled that the advice of counsel, on a fair statement of the facts, may be shown to rebut malice under the general issue.—2 Greenleaf’s Evidence, § 459. Why should not the same evidence be admitted for the same purpose in slander? 8. Being a mere question of damages, and not matter which could be the subject of a special plea in bar under the common law practice, the evidence was admissible under the general issue without notice. — Delevan v. Bates, 1 Mich. 97, 99. The general doctrine is, that notice is not essential, (except where specially required by statute,) of matters not the subject of a special plea in bar, under the former practice.—Thompson v. Bowers, 1 Douglass, 324; Starckie on Slander, pp. 47, 48 of Wendell’s Introduction; Butler’s N. P. 298. 9. The decisions against the admissibility of the truth in mitigation, under the general issue, are founded on Underwood v. Parks, (Strange 1,200,) which was a confessed innovation on the Common Law rule.—1 Starkie on Slander, 466, 467; Buller’s Nisi Prius, 9; Smithies v. Harrison, 1 Lord Raym, 727; Wendell’s Introduction to Starkie on Slander, 43, 44, 45, 46; Bush v. Prosser, 11 N. Y. 862, 10. It submitted that if under the general issue it was competent for the plaintiff to show the speaking of slanderous words other than those alleged in the declaration, to show malice on the part of the defendant, and thereby to enhance the damages, as was held in Thompson v. Bowers, 1 Douglas 321, any circumstances showing good faith and want of malice must also be admissible for the defendant, under that plea. If not, then the issue is not mutual. Some of the New York cases which refused the defendant the right to show a want of malice, did so for the reason that he had by his pleadings attempted to justify, which, under the rule they had adopted, was conclusive evidence of malice and estopped the defendant from denying it. And it was intimated that a different rule might apply where the general issue only was pleaded. See King v. Root, 7 Cowen 629, 630, 631, 632, 633. 11. The rule established in Karr v. Rasco, 9 Michigan 353, logically requires that no evidence tending to show the quo animo of the defendant should be excluded from the consideration of the jury in assessing damages. The English cases which allow the circumstances of suspicion, introduced under a plea of justification, to be considered by the jury in mitigation of damages, though the justification fails, must go on the ground that the evidence should be admissible under the general issue, if they rest on principle. Otherwise, if the testimony failed to prove what it was solely introduced for, it should have been excluded altogether. See Leicester v. Walter, 2 Campb. 251; East v. Chapman, 1 Moody & Malkin, 46; Chalmers v. Shackell, 6 Carr. & Payne, 475; Charlton v. Walton, 6 Carr. & Payne, 385. It is no objection to the admissibility of testimony which is good for one purpose, that it is not good for another purpose. See as to admissibility of testimony in mitigation of damages in slander: Kennedy v. Gregory, 1 Binney, 85; Morris v. Duane, 1 Binney, 90; Runkle v. Meyer, 3 Yeates, 518; Reynolds v. Tucker, 6 Ohio N. S. 516; 5 Ohio N. S. 293; Stanley v. Webb, 21 Barb. 148; Weaver v. Hendrick, 80 Missouri, 502. Ought a plaintiff, morally but not technically guilty of the offense imputed to him, to receive the same damages as a blameless man ? Ought a man who has, in good faith and without actual wrong intent, charged an offense of which he believed and had reason to believe the plaintiff to be guilty, to be mulcted in the same damages as the man who maliciously fabricates a false charge with full knowledge of its falsity? ■ Is it any reason for depriving the defendant of the benefit of showing the suspicious circumstances which induced him to believe the defendant guilty, that the defendant was in fact guilty ? If so, a guilty plaintiff stands a better chance for damages under the general issue than an innocent plaintiff mistakenly accused. Is a defendant to be denied the right of vindicating his motives and reducing the damages under the general issue, because under a notice of justification he might have made a full defense ? If Thompson vs. Bowers shall be construed to require an affirmative answer to these questions, then I submit that its doctrine is overruled by the later case of Farr v. Rasco; that it is contrary to justice and all the analogies of the law, and inconsistent with itself; that it is not like the case where a false doctrine has become a rule of property, and is therefore to be maintained; but that the original and true Common Law should be restored, and declared that any fact, whether true or only apparently true, on which the defendant acted, which tends to show his malice or his good faith, should go to the jury under the general issue on the question of damages. A. Felch, for Defendant in error. I. The first offer was of the records and files in a cause then pending in said Court of a suit in Keplevin for a horse, brought by Byron Green and said Dale against said Huson, with an offer to show, in connection therewith that Dale directed the Sheriff not to take the horse on the writ until Saturday night, so that they could get possession of the horse and run him out of the County, and that the horse was so taken and run out of the County, which led the defendant to believe that the process was used as a matter of form to obtain possession of the horse, and not on the ground that they claimed the horse as their property, and all the facts and circumstances connected therewith. This was in effect an offer to prove that Green and Dale stole the plaintiff’s horse, corruptly making use of a writ of replevin to get possession of the property, and running it off under circumstances to constitute the crime of larceny. 1. Dnder the general issue, evidence of the truth, of the slanderous words, can not be given in evidence to rebut malice or in mitigation of damages. Thompson v. Bowers, 1 Doug. 321; This has been the recognized doctrine in this State for more than twenty-five years, and it is presumed will still continue to be the established rule of law. It is the universal rule, where not affected by statutory provisions, that the truth of the slanderous words can not be given in evidence under the general issue only, even in mitigation of damages. 1 Am. Lead. Cases, 187; Townshend on Slander, 255, and the numerous cases cited in note 1,031. In a few of the States it has been said by the Courts that circumstances which disprove malice but do not tend to prove the truth of the charge contained in the words spoken are admissible in evidence under the general issue, but these are mere dicta and no such general rule prevails. 1 Am. L. Cases, 187, 188, 190. And in all cases where evidence going to mitigate damages only, is admitted, it must be such as fully admits the charge to be false; which is not the fact in this case. Cooper v. Barber, 24 Wend. 105. The rule that all such testimony is excluded under the general issue, if it tends to prove the truth and to criminate the plaintiff, or which forms a link in a chain of evidence to prove a justification, is not only the law of Michigan, but the general law of the land. Ib. 187. 2. This offer of testimony was subject to the further objection that it did not state specially all the facts which were offered to be shown. II. The defendant below offered in evidence the return of a Justice of the Peace to the Circuit Court of a complaint made to him by Henrietta 0. Huson, against said John Dale and others, for the larceny of a horse described therein, and alleged to be of the goods, chattels and property of said Henrietta 0. Huson, with the warrant issued thereon, and showing that said Dale had been arrested thereon on said charge, and that he was discharged on the examination before the Justice on the testimony on behalf of the People. This testimony was inadmissible because: 1. It was proposed to show that Dale had been prosecuted on a charge of stealing the horse of Henrietta C. Huson. If this be admissible, a party may wantonly charge any crime in the catalogue of offenses, and shield himself from merited punishment by showing a complaint for another and entirely distinct offense, founded or unfounded, made by any other person against the victim of his slanders. The same rule must apply here as in plea of justification. A charge of committing one offense is not justified, nor the damages diminished by showing the commission of another, although of the same or greater enormity.—Stow v. Converse, 4 Conn. 7; Andrews v. Van Duzer, 11 John, 38; Whittaker v. Carter, 4 Ind. 461; Swan v. Rary, 3 Black. 298 Self v. Gardner, 15 Mis. 480; Townshend on Slander, 259 et seq. 2. If the provocation offered to be proved had been on a charge of stealing the horse of the Plaintiff in error, whether commenced on his complaint or that of a stranger, it would be equally inadmissible. 3. But these proceedings, which were offered to rebut malice on the part of Huson, show that Dale was discharged on his examination on the sole testimony offered by the People. III. The third offer was of evidence sought to be brought out by a question to the plaintiff in error, while a witness in his own behalf, after stating that before the speaking of the words there were reports in circulation in reference to the larceny of a horse by Green and Dale, and what several persons said about it, and that he had taken advice of counsel, Messrs. Beakes & Hawkins, as to what the offense was, he is asked to “ state what advice, if any, they gave you ?” It is well settled that testimony-that the defendant had been told by'any third person, even by one who personally knew the fact, that the defendant was guilty of the offense charged, could not be received under the general issue.—Thompson v. Bowers, 1 Doug. 321. Much less could the defendant’s talk with a third person who knew none of the facts, and simply expressed an opinion, based on the story told by the defendant to him. Such evidence had not the dignity of even respectable hearsay testimony. IV. The fourth proposition was to show that “he correctly stated the facts of the case to the counsel * * * and the advice given by the counsel as to whether it would constitute larceny.” This is also subject to the objections, That it related to the larceny of a horse which was the property of Mrs. Huson and not of the defendant. It stated no facts that it was proposed to prove. It did not state even what opinion was given by the counsel upon the statement which was made, and to the other objections above stated. V. The fifth proposition was to prove “what facts he stated to said counsel, and that he was advised by said counsel that such state of facts would constitute larceny.” The testimony thus offered- was of the same general character as the preceding, and liable to the same objections. VI. The testimony indicated in the last three propositions — that relating to conversations with the defendant’s own counsel — was in fact nothing but hearsay, a conversation in which all statement of facts was made by the party himself, and the opinion expressed was of' a stranger to them, based solely on the narration of the defendant below. If testimony can thus be made, to shield a slanderer from punishment, he can always easily protect himself. He has only to fabricate his facts and to take the ready opinion of some irresponsible lawyer and his tongue-license is perfect. VII. It may be claimed that the evidence offered and rejected in this case was offered merely for the purpose of showing that the defendant had reasonable ground for believing that the charge he made was true. The weight of authority seems to be that testimony of this kind is not admissible for any purpose.—1 Am. Lead. Cases 188; Purple v. Horton, 13 Wend. 10; Cooper v. Barter, 24 Wend. 105; Wagstaff v. Ashton, 1 Harrington 503; Petrie v. Rose, 5 Watts & S. 364 Kay v. Ferdigal, 3 Barr 221; Updegrove v. Zimmerman, 1 Harris 619; Boarland v. Hidson, 3 Grat, 45; McAlexander v. Harris, 6 Mumford 16. But whether this rule of exclusion be universal or not, it seems clear that it cannot be admitted except for the purpose of repelling the presumption of actual malice, where special damages, upon proof of an aggravated malice, are claimed by the plaintiff.—McGee v. Sodusky, 5 J. J. Marshall 185; Hart v. Reed, B. Monroe 166; King v. Root, 4. Wend. 114; Usher v. Severance, 20 Maine 9. In this case no proof was offered of special malice or claim made for special damages. The malice implied by the law cannot be rebutted nor the damages given by the law be diminished by any such evidence. VIII. But, if the Court erred in rejecting the offered proof, it is manifest from the record, that the plaintiff in error suffered no injury from it, and so the judgment should not be reversed. Christianoy, J. This was and action of slander brought by Dale against Huson in the Circuit Court for Washtenaw County. The slanderous words alleged in the declaration were that defendant below had said of the plaintiff, “lie stole my horse,” also the following: “By. Green and John Dale,” (meaning one Byron Green and the plaintiff), " stole my horse.” The defendant pleaded the general issue only, without notice of special matter. The speaking of the words, of and concerning the plaintiff, was proved; and the plaintiff rested. The defendant, Huson, then offered in evidence under the general issue to rebut malice, and in mitigation of damages, and for no other purpose, among other things: 1st. The record and files in a case then' pending in the same Court in a cause wherein Byron Green and said Dale were plaintiffs, and defendant Huson was defendant, brought in replevin to get possession of the horse (charged by the defendant Huson to have been stolen), and to show in connection therewith that said Dale directed the Deputy Sheriff who had the writ of replevin for service, not to serve the same, nor take the horse, until Saturday night, so that they, Green and Dale, could get possession of the horse and run him out of the county; and that the horse was so taken and run out of the county, which led the defendant, Huson, to believe that the process was used as a matter of form to obtain possession of the horse, and not on the ground that they claimed the horse as their property; and further to show all the facts and circumstances connected therewith merely to rebut any presumption of malice in speaking the words, and for no other purpose. 2d. The defendant having, in his own behalf, testified that there were reports in the neighborhood before the speaking of the words, of their having stolen the horse, that certain persons had told him they had stolen the horse and ran him off to Toledo, that several had told him he ought to take them up for stealing the horse; and that on Saturday before the words were spoken, he took advice of counsel, Messrs Beakes aud Hawkins (who are attorneys of this Court), as to what the offense was, and in substance (for such was the effect of the several offers upon this point), to show that he correctly stated the facts to his said counsel, and what those facts were; and that he was advised by his said counsel that such state of facts would constitute larceny. These offers with others were rejected, the testimony excluded, and'the defendant excepted. The rejection of this evidence is sought to be justified on the ground that its tendency would have been to establish the truth of' the charge imputed by the slanderous words; and that the defendant, having pleaded the general issue only without notice of justification, was not at liberty to introduce such evidence even for the purpose of rebutting malice and mitigating the damages. No question in modern times has, perhaps, given rise to a greater amount of judicial controversy. The conflict in the decisions upon it is absolutely appalling. And the attempt to trace the line of mere authority through the maze of hostile decisions, would be calculated only to confuse and lead the mind astray from the real principles of justice involved in it, and could serve no useful end. A careful review of the decisions would require volumes and I shall not attempt it. At the common law, prior to the decision in the case of Underwood v. Parks,—2 Strange, 1,200 — the question here presented would have been easy of solution. Because 1st — by the well settled principles of pleading (which that case did not undertake in this respect to change) no facts falling short of a complete defense could be set up by way of special plea to the action, and a mere partial defense, or facts going only in mitigation of damages, might ¡always be shown under the general issue. And 2d — the defendant in an action of slander was at liberty to prove the truth of the charge itself, under the general issue to rebut malice and mitigate the damages, though this would have constituted a full defense, had it been pleaded in justification. But in Underwood v. Parks, the defendant, under the plea of not guilty, offering to prove the truth of the words in mitigation, the Chief Justice refused it; saying. “At a meeting of ,111 the Judges, upon a case that arose in the Common Pleas, a large majority of them had determined not to allow it, for the future, but it should he pleaded, whereby the plaintiff might be prepared to defend himself, as well as to prove the speaking of the words.” It is clear from the terms in which it was announced that this was a new rule of pleading then for the first time introduced for the purpose of preventing surprise upon the plaintiff. And if the rule had subsequently been confined to cases like that in which it was announced, when the offer was to prove the truth of the words, which if pleaded would have constituted a full justification — the operation of the rule might have been rendered beneficent, and much of the conflict which has since arisen from it might have been avoided. But cases have been and will continue to be of frequent occurrence, in which the defendant, though he may have believed and had reason to believe the truth of the charge when uttered, cannot, and does not upon the trial, seek to establish the truth of the charge and is even willing to admit its falsehood, but wishes to show, in excuse, that at the time he uttered it, he bad reason to believe its truth and was not therefore actuated by that malice or degree of malice which might otherwise be inferred from the making of the false charge or from other evidence of malice introduced by the plaintiff. And, to apply the rule in question to this class of cases, must always produce the most glaring injustice to the defendant, depriving him of the benefit of all such mitigating circumstances, and compelling him to respond in damages to the same extent as if he had been actuated by the most vindictive malice. The English Courts, and most of those in this country, have admitted, the authority of the rule laid down, in this case, and professed to follow it, though with the greatest possible diversity in its interpretation, and the extent of its application. The defendant, of course, has not been allowed to plead these mitigating circumstances, because they do not constitute a justification or complete defense. And in some of the English, and many of the American cases, when he has undertaken to introduce them under the general issue in mitigation, he has been told that they are inadmissible under the rule in Underwood v. Parks, because he has not insisted upon the truth of the words by a plea or notice of justification. If, on the other hand, he has put in such a plea or notice, and failed to sustain it by the proof; then, under another rule of a most arbitrary and anomalous character (which has fortunately been abolished in this State and many of the other states by statute), his plea or notice was held to be a repetition of the slander in the most solemn form, conclusive evidence of malice and an aggravation of the damages. It is universally conceded that some degree of malice in the defendant is essential to the maintenance of the action. This malice is sometimes said to be either express or implied ; but in both cases it is actual malice, or malice in fact, the difference being only in the mode of proof; and in both cases the burden of making this proof rests upon the plaintiff. What is called express malice is shown by some affirmative proof beyond that of the false and slanderous words; while implied malice is that which is naturally inferred as a presumption of fact from the proof of the publication of the false and injurious charge, on the familiar principle that a man is presumed to intend the natural and ordinary consequences of his own voluntary acts, and that he would not therefore make a false charge injurious to another without intending to injure him, unless under circumstances which indicate an innocent intention. But in both cases alike it is actual malice which the law contemplates. Such being tbe principle, it follows as a necessary result, and is very generally admitted by the authorities (however differing in other respects), that the amount of damages to be recovered should, to some extent, be governed or graduated by the degree of malice by which the defendant was actuated. And, accordingly upon this principle, (for it can be upon no other), most, if not all, the cases which profess to follow the authority of Underwood v. Parks, though differing in many other respects, toto ccelo, yet entirely concur in this, that the plaintiff may, for the purpose of enhancing or aggravating the damages, give other and affirmative proof of actual malice beyond that which is to be inferred from the false charge; such as the repetition of the same charge on other occasions, or other facts tending to show' a vindictive motive; and some cases have gone so far as to admit evidence of other and independent slanderous charges for this purpose. And yet the Courts in several of the States, professing to follow the rule in Underwood v. Parks, have often in the same case in which they have allowed the plaintiff to give such evidence to enhance the damages, practically held the defendant precluded from giving any evidence tending to rebut malice and to mitigate the damages. On principle, independent of artificial rules and in Courts which recognize justice as one of the ends to be attained-by a judicial trial, it would certainly seem that these must be reciprocal rights on the part of the plaintiff and the defendant, and that the plaintiff could not be allowed to give such additional proof of actual malice to enhance the damages without, at the same time and upon the same principle, allowing the defendant to show any facts to rebut the malice and to mitigate the damages. Because the rule in Underwood v. Parks did not allow the defendant to prove and rely upon the truth of charge even in mitigation, without pleading it in justification, it was supposed to follow, as an inevitable logical consequence, that he could not be allowed to show any facts which might tend to establish the truth of the charge. This was the rule actually adopted in some of the States, and which in some of them would seem to be still recognized. And, as any evidence the defendant might offer to show that the charge was made under circumstances which might have induced him to believe it true wheu made, would naturally, and in most cases, perhaps, necessarily tend to prove the truth of the charge, the defendant was thus absolutely precluded from makiug any defense, even xby way of mitigating the damages, merely because he could not make a full defense to the whole cause of Action: while the plaintiff was at liberty, in the same case, to introduce affirmative evidence beyond that to be inferred from the false charge itself, to show a higher degree of malice for the purpose of enhancing the damages; such was the case of Thompson v. Bowers in this State, (1 Douglass 321) relied upon by the defendant in error. And this was in accordance with the settled rule of decision in several of the States, but certainly not in accordance with the principles of the common law. It was adopting one measure of right for the plaintiff, and another and a. very different one for the defendant, or rather, denying his right altogether, by allowing the plaintiff to prove what the defendant was denied the right of controverting. This was claimed to be the inevitable result of the severest logical deduction from the rule in Underwood v. Parks. And defendants must have been inclined to admit its severity, though they may have failed to discover a flaw in that logic which rendered it, to them, inevitable. Inexorable logic was vindicated, if not propitiated, by the sacrifice of of defendants’ rights. , Legal logic should be constructed upon principles at least akin to justice, the attainment of which should be its end and object: and by its tendency to this end its soundness should be tested. As the surveyor tests the correctness of the line in his front, by taking a back sight along the line he has run, the legal logician may. often profit by pausing to test his logic by its results. Accidental evils, it is true, will sometimes result from the soundest rules devised by human wisdom, when applied to the peculiar facts of particular cases. But when the natural and ordinary tendency of a rule is generally and systematically to produce injustice, without any compensating benefit, the logic upon which it is supported may safely be suspected of a lurking, fallacy somewhere. Recoiling from the gross injustice of the rule when carried to the extent of excluding all evidence in mitigation which might tend to prove the truth of the charge, the English Courts (especially in the later cases) and those of some of our sister States have held that facts and circumstances, though tending to prove the truth of the charge, may be received in mitigation/ provided they fall short of establishing its truth. This, though better calculated for the purposes of justice, has not been placed upon a very clear or well defined ground. It necessarily leaves it for the Court to pass upon the weight of the evidence in deciding upon its admissibility. If all the hardships and injustice, which have thus arisen from the attempts to apply the rule in Underwood v. Parks to other cases, were the necessary result of the rule there adopted, I should without hesitation, concur with Selden J. in Bush v. Prosser 11 N. Y., 357, etc., that the case should be entirely repudiated, as clearly in conflict with the principles of the common law, and subversive of justice. But the present case does not require us to go so far. And, in my view, the rule actually adopted and intended to be adopted in that case is not justly chargeable with all the injustice which has resulted from the attempts to apply it in other cases, but most of the evil consequences have resulted, not from the case itself, but from an unwarrantable extension and misapplication of the rule to cases not coming within its principle. In that case the defendant’s offer was to prove under the plea of not guilty, in mitigation of damages, the truth of the words charged as slanderous. This, if pleaded would of itself have constituted a full justification or complete defense, when sustained by the proof. Such proof, — that is, proof of a fact which, if pleaded, would constitute a full justification and bar to the action, it was held should not for the future be given even in mitigation, unless pleaded. And if the defendant believed himself prepared to prove the truth of the charge, there would seem to be no injustice in requiring him to plead it, so that the plaintiff might come prepared to meet it. The only hardship which could result to the defendant from this course, was one which did not arise so much from this rule itself, as from that anomalous rule which, in case of a failure to establish the plea to the satisfaction of the jury, made it conclusive evidence -of malice, and aggravated the damages. To give the truth the effect of a full justification or bar to the action it was always necessary to plead it, though up to the time of this case, it had been admissible in mitigation under the general issue. This was the full extent of the change introduced by the new rule. It did not purport to extend to a case where the fact offered to be proved did not, ipso facto, constitute a full justification, if pleaded; but only to such as might have been pleaded in justification. The Court were not guilty of the absurdity of requiring a defendant to plead mere matters of mitigation, not amounting to a full defense, and which could not therefore, on principles of law, be pleaded. Facts which might merely tend to prove the truth of the charge, or mere matter of evidence, could not be pleaded in justification, but the fact itself, the truth of the charge must be directly and positively alleged. And this was the fact offered to be proved in that case. The rule adopted merely said to defendants, “ if you are prepared to prove the truth of the words, which, if pleaded would constitute a justification — you must take the risk of pleading it, so that the plaintiff may not be taken by surprise on the trial.” It is doubtless true that, within the spirit of the rule intended to be established by the case, the defendant would not be at liberty to introduce evidence tending to prove the truth of the charge for the purpose of establishing its truth. But I am utterly unable to discover any thing in the case, which would require the rejection of any evidence tending to show that defendant believed the truth of the charge when uttered, for the purpose of disproving malice and mitigating the damages; especially if offered in a manner and under circumstances, amounting to a clear disclaimer of the right to insist upon the truth of the charge, or an admission that it was false in fact, though when made believed to be true. The legal effect, as it seems .to me, of the rule actually laid down by the Court was substantially this; that under the general issue, without'a plea of justification, the defendant should not be at liberty to insist upon the truth of the slanderous words; but the words being proved, the defendant, by omitting to plead the truth in justification, was to be considered as, in legal effect, admitting their falsehood. And in this view of the case, the very offer of such evidence as last supposed, though its tendency might otherwise be to prove the truth of the charge, would (under the operation of this rule) when considered in connection with the neglect to plead in justification, constitute a clear and conclusive admission, that the charge was false in fact though at the time he made it he may have believed it to be true. But more especially, as it seems to me, would this be the case when the offer, in its very terms, shows that it is to be introduced only for the purpose of rebutting malice and mitigating the damages. Had this, which seems to me to have been the substantial legal effect of the rule in that case, been generally accepted as its true exposition, volumes of conflicting decisions and judicial controversy, might have been avoided. But complete justice could not always be done to the defendant under the rule so long as Courts should adhere to the arbitrary rule that a plea or notice of justification not sustained by the proof, was conclusive evidence of malice in aggravation of damages. But where this last rule has been 'abandoned, or as in this State and many others, abolished by statute, I can see no hardship to the defendant, nor any difficulty in the way of a fair trial likely to result from the rule in Underwood v. Parks, as I have endeavored to explain it. And the rule in that, case, so far as it requires the defendant, if he intend to rely upon the truth of the charge in any way, to plead it, has been so long and so generally adopted and the corresponding practice so thoroughly settled, that I see no satisfactory reason for disturbing the rule thus limited. The evidence offered by the defendant in the present case on the two points already stated was expressly offered for the purpose of rebutting malice and to mitigate the damages, and for no other purpose. This offer, under the pleadings and in the manner thus made, must be treated as involving a disclaimer of the truth of the words, and a conclusive admission that they were not in fact true; but this in no way precludes the idea that the defendant, at the time, may have believed them to be true. And he had the fight to introduce any facts and circumstances tending to show grounds for such belief at the time of the speaking of the words. This could not prejudice the plaintiff when accompanied with the admission that the charge was, nevertheless, untrue in fact. The evidence offered would, we think, have had a clear tendency to show such grounds of belief on the part of the defendant, and thereby tended 'to weaken or rebut the inference of malice otherwise to be drawn from the utterance of the false charge, and thus properly to lessen the amount of damages to be recovered. This principle was fully admitted and applied by this Court in Farr v. Rasco, 9 Mich, 353, which, in its reasoning (with which we are entirely satisfied), must be regarded as having thus far shaken the authority of Thompson v. Bowers. But it is further objected that this evidence was inadmissible on another ground; that the defendant admits that the property of the horse referred to in making the slan^ derous charge, was vested in the wife of the defendant and not in himself, and that the evidence offered would not have‘tended to show that defendant believed the plaintiff had stolen his horse as declared by the slanderous charge. 'We regard the objection under the circumstances of this case, as more technical than sound or just. It might, perhaps, have had more weight if the defendant had attempted to justify. But there does not appear to have been any dispute that this was the same horse intended to be referred to by the defendant .in making the charge; and it would be for the jury to find from the evidence whether this was so. The evidence of the replevin suit offered by the defendant would have shown that the horse must have been in the defendant’s possession when replevied by the plaintiff and Green, and would therefore naturally be spoken of by the defendant, under such circumstances, as his horse. Indeed, it would be very natural for any man who had merely borrowed or hired a horse for the time being and from whom he should be taken, under circumstances which induced the belief that he was stolen, to say of the person who had taken the horse away: “ he has stolen my horse” quite as natural as to say under the same circumstances : “ he has stolen the horse of A. B.” (the owner). And the malice of the charge, though it should prove to be false in fact, would not be likely to be the greater or less on account of tbe technical point of the actual right of property. And the relation of husband and wife and the almost universal custom of using such property in common, either husband or wife speaking of it as his or her property, is not to be overlooked, and would be very proper for the consideration of a jury. We think the evidence was erroneously rejected. The offer of the defendant to introduce' the record of a criminal complaint made against the plaintiff and others by the wife of the defendant, for stealing the horse (which was described in the complaint as her property) and the proceedings under the same, showing that the plaintiff, with the other parties charged with the offense, was discharged on the evidence given on the part of the People before the Justice, was, I think, properly rejected. Had the complaint been made by and on the oath of the defendant himself, instead of his wife, it is possible it might have had some tendency to show a belief on his part, at the time that the charge was true. Upon this however we express no opinion. But not being made or sworn to by him, and the plaintiff having been discharged on the evidence given for the People, I can see no intelligible ground, on which the evidence, if given, could have had any legitimate tendency to rebut malice or to mitigate damages. The judgment of the Circuit Court should be reversed with costs, and a new trial awarded. The other Justices concurred.	CASELAW
skip to main content Title: A Surfactant-Free Microfluidic Process For Fabrication Of Multi-Hollow Polyimide Aerogel Particles This work focuses on fabrication of multi-hollow polyimide gel and aerogel particles from a surfactant-free oil-in-oil emulsion system using a microfluidic droplet generator operating under dripping mode. The multi-hollow gel and aerogel particles have strong potential in thermal insulation. Under jetting and tip-streaming regime of microfluidic flows, droplets are generated with no occluded liquid phase. The present study investigates a means of designing polyimide gel particles with plurality of internal liquid droplets by strategically manipulating the flow rates of the continuous and dispersed phase liquids through the microfluidic droplet generator. The multi-hollow polyimide aerogel particles obtained after supercritical drying of the gel particles present mesopores, high BET surface area, and excellent prospect for thermal insulation. more » « less Award ID(s): 1826030 NSF-PAR ID: 10196288 Author(s) / Creator(s): ; ; Date Published: Journal Name: International polymer processing Volume: XXXV Issue: 5 ISSN: 0930-777X Page Range / eLocation ID: 1-12 Format(s): Medium: X Sponsoring Org: National Science Foundation More Like this 1. Abstract A surfactant-free oil-in-oil emulsion-templating method is presented for fabrication of monolithic polyimide aerogel foams using monomer systems that produce fast sol–gel transition. An aerogel foam is a high porosity (∼90%) material with coexisting meso- and macropores inherent to aerogels with externally introduced micrometer size open cells (macrovoids) that are reminiscent of foams. The macrovoids are introduced in polyimide sol using surfactant-free emulsion-templating of droplets of an immiscible liquid that are stabilized against coalescence by fast sol–gel transition. Three immiscible liquids – cyclohexane, n -heptane, and silicone oil – are considered in this work for surfactant-free emulsion-templating. The aerogel foam monoliths, recovered by supercritical drying, exhibit smaller size macrovoids when n -heptane and cyclohexane are used as emulsion-templating liquid, while the overall porosity and the bulk density show weak dependence on the emulsion-templating liquid. more » « less 2. A prototype aerosol detection system is presented that is designed to accurately and quickly measure the concentration of selected inorganic ions in the atmosphere. The aerosol detection system combines digital microfluidics technology, aerosol impaction and chemical detection integrated on the same chip. Target compounds are the major inorganic aerosol constituents: sulfate, nitrate and ammonium. The digital microfluidic system consists of top and bottom plates that sandwich a fluid layer. Nozzles for an inertial impactor are built into the top plate according to known, scaling principles. The deposited air particles are densely concentrated in well-defined deposits on the bottom plate containing droplet actuation electrodes of the chip in fixed areas. The aerosol collection efficiency for particles larger than 100 nm in diameter was higher than 95%. After a collection phase, deposits are dissolved into a scanning droplet. Due to a sub-microliter droplet size, the obtained extract is highly concentrated. Droplets then pass through an air/oil interface on chip for colorimetric analysis by spectrophotometry using optical fibers placed between the two plates of the chip. To create a standard curve for each analyte, six different concentrations of liquid standards were chosen for each assay and dispensed from on-chip reservoirs. The droplet mixing was completed in a few seconds and the final droplet was transported to the detection position as soon as the mixing was finished. Limits of detection (LOD) in the final droplet were determined to be 11 ppm for sulfate and 0.26 ppm for ammonium. For nitrate, it was impossible to get stable measurements. The LOD of the on-chip measurements for sulfate was close to that obtained by an off-chip method using a Tecan spectrometer. LOD of the on-chip method for ammonium was about five times larger than what was obtained with the off-chip method. For the current impactor collection air flow (1 L/min) and 1 h collection time, the converted LODs in air were: 0.275 μg/m3 for sulfate, 6.5 ng/m3 for ammonium, sufficient for most ambient air monitoring applications. more » « less 3. null (Ed.) Although the utilization of rigid particles can afford stable emulsions, some applications require eventual emulsion destabilization to release contents captured in the particle-covered droplet. This destabilizing effect is achieved when using stabilizers that respond to controlled changes in environment. Microgels can be synthesized as stimuli responsive polymeric gel networks that adsorb to oil/water interfaces and stabilize emulsions. These particles are commonly hydrogels that swell and collapse in water in response to environmental changes. However, amphiphilic functionality is desired to enhance the adsorption abilities of these hydrogels while maintaining their stimuli responsivity. Microfluidic techniques are used to synthesize Janus microgels with two opposing stimuli responsive hemispheres. The particles have a temperature responsive domain connected to a pH responsive network where each side changes its hydrophilicity in response to a change in temperature or pH, respectively. The Janus microgels are amphiphilic in acidic conditions at 19 °C and alkaline conditions at 40 °C, while the opposite conditions cause a reduction of the amphiphilicity. By stabilizing emulsions with these dual responsive microgels, “smart” droplets that respond to environmental cues are formed. Emulsion droplets remain stable with smaller diameters when aqueous solution conditions favor amphiphilic particles yet, coalesce to larger droplets upon changing pH or temperature. These responsive Janus microgels represent the advancing technology of responsive droplets and demonstrate the applicability of microgels as emulsion stabilizers. more » « less 4. Microcapsules allow for the controlled containment, transport, and release of cargoes ranging from pharmaceuticals to fragrances. Given the interest from a variety of industries in microcapsules and other core–shell structures, a multitude of fabrication strategies exist. Here, we report on a method relying on a mixture of temperature-responsive microgel particles, poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM), and a polymer which undergo fluid–fluid phase separation. At room temperature this mixture separates into colloid-rich (liquid) and colloid-poor (gas) fluids. By heating the sample above a critical temperature where the microgel particles shrink dramatically and develop a more deeply attractive interparticle potential, the droplets of the colloid-rich phase become gel-like. As the temperature is lowered back to room temperature, these droplets of gelled colloidal particles reliquefy and phase separation within the droplet occurs. This phase separation leads to colloid-poor droplets within the colloid-rich droplets surrounded by a continuous colloid-poor phase. The gas/liquid/gas all-aqueous double emulsion lasts only a few minutes before a majority of the inner droplets escape. However, the colloid-rich shell of the core–shell droplets can solidify with the addition of salt. That this method creates core–shell structures with a shell composed of stimuli-sensitive microgel colloidal particles using only aqueous components makes it attractive for encapsulating biological materials and making capsules that respond to changes in, for example, temperature, salt concentration, or pH. more » « less 5. We report a microfluidic droplet generator which can produce single and compound droplets using a 3D axisymmetric co-flow structure. The design considered for the fabrication of the device integrated a user-friendly and cost-effective 3D printing process. To verify the performance of the device, single and compound emulsions of deionized water and mineral oil were generated and their features such as size, generation frequency, and emulsion structures were successfully characterized. In addition, the generation of bio emulsions such as alginate and collagen aqueous droplets in mineral oil was demonstrated in this study. Overall, the monolithic 3D printed axisymmetric droplet generator could offer any user an accessible and easy-to-utilize device for the generation of single and compound emulsions. more » « less	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Democrat Phil Bredesen jumps in the race to fill Corker's seat Washington (CNN)Democrat Phil Bredesen, a former two-term governor of Tennessee and one-time mayor of Nashville, announced his run Thursday in the race to fill GOP Sen. Bob Corker's seat. In a statement on his website, he said he was running with the goal of improving how Washington handles spending and "fixing" the Affordable Care Act. "We all know Washington is broken," he said in his statement. "We need and deserve something better than we're getting from Washington. And we need and deserve a senator who can make that happen. I'm applying for the job." Bredesen served as governor of Tennessee in 2003 through 2011. Before that, he served as mayor of Nashville from 1991 to 1999. The 74-year-old hasn't run in a competitive race since his first gubernatorial election in 2002. Republicans face an open primary contest to replace Corker, with Rep. Marsha Blackburn and former Rep. Stephen Fincher both announcing bids to replace the two-term GOP lawmaker. Democrats face a tough Senate map in 2018, defending 10 seats in states that President Donald Trump won in 2016. But Bredesen's entry in the Volunteer State gives the party another pick-up opportunity along with Arizona, where GOP Sen. Jeff Flake is retiring, and Nevada, where GOP Sen. Dean Heller is running for another term in a state Hillary Clinton won by a little more than 2 percentage points in the 2016 election.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Estimation of age based on tooth cementum annulations using three different microscopic methods ##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main## Siddharth Pundir Susmita Saxena Pooja Aggrawal Abstract Background: The hard tissues of human dentition are able to resist decay and degradation long after other tissues are lost. This resistance to decay has made teeth useful for calculation of age at death of an individual. Recent research indicates that tooth cementum annulations (TCA) may be used more reliably than other morphological or histological traits of the adult skeleton for estimation of age. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between age and the number of incremental lines in human dental cementum and to ascertain which, among three different forms of microscopy (light, polarized, phase-contrast) was the most reliable method of studying cementum. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 40 teeth that had been extracted from patients ranging in age from 20−70 years. Longitudinal ground sections of each tooth were prepared and examined under light microscopy, polarized microscopy, and phase-contrast microscopy. The images were magnified on a computer and the cemental lines were counted with the help of Image Analysis Pro 6.0 software. Only the dark lines were counted. Results: There was a strong positive correlation between the estimated age and calculated age when phase-contrast microscopy was used; the correlation was less for light and polarized microscopy. Our results suggest that there is no significant influence of sex, age, periodontal disease, or tooth type on age estimation by the TCA method. This suggests that the accuracy and repeatability of the method is not dependent on tooth type or location and that this method can be applied to the general population regardless of systemic or periodontal health. Conclusion: With this study we conclude that among the methods of counting incremental lines by various types of microscopy phase-contrast microscopy improves the accuracy of age estimation and may serve as a valuable aid in forensic identification. ##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details## How to Cite Siddharth Pundir, Susmita Saxena, & Pooja Aggrawal. (2009). Estimation of age based on tooth cementum annulations using three different microscopic methods. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences, 1(2), 82–87. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2948.60379 References 1. Lieberman DE. The biological basis for seasonal increments in dental cementum and their application to archaeological research. J Archaeol Sci 1994;21:525-39. 2. Backofen UW, Gampe J, Vaupel JW. Tooth cementum annulations for age estimation: results from a large known age validation study. Am J Phys Anthropol 2004;123:119-29. 3. Solheim T:Dental cementum apposition as an indicator of age. Scand J Dent Res 1990; 98: 510-9. 4. Stott GG, Sis RF, Levy BM. Cementum annulations as an age criterion in forensic dentistry. J Dent Res 1982;61:814-7. 5. Schroeder HE, Orale Strukturbiologie. Stuttgart- New York: Thieme; 2000. 6. Renz H, Radlanski RJ. Incremental lines in root cementum of human teeth-a reliable age marker? Homo 2006;57:29-50. 7. Charles DK, Condon K, Cheverud JM, Buikstra JE. Cementum annulations and age determination in homo sapiens: İİ. estimates and accuracy. Am J Phys Anthropol 1986;71:311-20. 8. Kagerer P, Grupe G. Age at death diagnosis and determination of life history parameters by incremental lines in human dental cementum as an identification aid. Forensic Sci Int 2001;118:75-82. 9. Laws RM. A new method of age determination for mammals. Nature 1952;169:972-3. 10. Geiger G. Vegleich verschiender Methoden der altresbeurteilung anhand von Zahen und andren morphologiischen Merkmalen mit dem Lebensalter vorweigend altersmarkierter Wildtiere der Ordnungen Artiodactyla und Carnivora. Giessen: Habilitationsschrift Geissen. 1993. 11. Grue H, Jensen B. Review of the formation of incremental lines in tooth cementum of terrestrial mammals. Dan Rev Game Biol 1979;11:1-48. 12. Halberg F, Lagoguey M, Reinberg A. Human circannual rhythms over a broad spectrum of physiological processes. Int J Chronobiol 1983;8:225-68. 13. Kvaal SI, Solheim T, Bjerketvedt D. Evaluation of preparation, staining and microscopic techniques for counting incremental lines in cementum of human teeth. Biotech Histochem 1996;71:165-72. 14. Lipsinc FE, Paunovich E, Houston GD, Robinson F. Correlation of age and incremental lines in the cementum of human teeth. J forensic Sci 1986;31:982-9. 15. Klevezal GA, Liebenberg SE. Age determination of mammals from annual layers in teeth and bones. Springfield, Virginia; U.S: department of commerce, 1967. 16. Phillips, CJ, Teinberg B, Kunz TH. Dentin, cementum, and age determination in bats: a critical evaluation. J Mammal 1982;63:197-207.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Page:The woman in battle .djvu/355 Sick-bed Fancies. Reflections on my military Career. I almost resolve to abandon the Garb of a Soldier. Difficulties in 'the Way of achieving Greatness. Warfare as a laborious Business. The Favors of Fortune sparingly bestowed. Prospective Meeting with my Lover. Anxiety to know what he would think of the Course I had been pursuing in figuring in the Army as a Man. A strange Courtship. More like a Chapter of Romance than a grave Reality. My Recollections of an old Spanish Story, read in my Childhood, that in some respects reminds me of my own Experiences. The Story of Estela. How the Desires of a Pair of Lovers were opposed by stern Parents. An Elopement planned. The Abduction of Estela through the Instrumentality of a Rival. She is carried off by Moorish Pirates, and sold as a Slave. Her Escape from Slavery, and how she entered the Army of the Emperor disguised as a Man. Estela saves the Emperor's Life, and is promoted to a high Office. Her Meeting with her Lover, and her Endeavors to make him confess his Faith in her Honor. The Appointment of Estela as Governor of her native City. The Trial of her Lover on the Charge of having murdered her. Happy Ending of the Story. I am inspired, by my Recollections of the Story of Estela, to hear from the Lips of my Lover his Opinion of me before I reveal myself to him. Impatient Waiting for the Hour of Meeting. HILE tossing upon my sick-bed in the hospital, I was compelled, for very lack of other occupation, to think of many things that, under ordinary circumstances, busied as I habitually was with innumerable ambitious schemes, would never have pressed themselves upon my mind with the force they now did. This was a strange life I had been leading now for more than two years, and yet it was the kind of a life that, from my earliest childhood, I had ardently longed to lead. I had some understanding now of what the great discoverers, adventurers, and soldiers, who were the idols of my childish imagination, had been compelled to go through with before they won the undying fame	WIKI
blob: d84aa0aad44ed5c4a2c11495aec6392a40a2a4ea [file] [log] [blame] ; RUN: llvm-dis < %s.bc \| FileCheck %s ; RUN: verify-uselistorder < %s.bc ; Test upgrading from bitcode without a this adjustment record. It will fill in ; an implicit zero thisAdjustment, so it will not be present in the output. ; CHECK: DISubprogram(name: "f", ; CHECK-NOT: thisAdjustment ; CHECK-SAME: ){{$}} target datalayout = "e-m:w-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128" target triple = "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc19.0.23918" ; Function Attrs: nounwind uwtable define void @f() !dbg !7 { entry: ret void, !dbg !10 } !llvm.dbg.cu = !{!0} !llvm.module.flags = !{!4} !0 = distinct !DICompileUnit(language: DW_LANG_C_plus_plus, file: !1, emissionKind: FullDebug) !1 = !DIFile(filename: "t.cpp", directory: "D:\5Csrc\5Cllvm\5Cbuild") !2 = !{} !4 = !{i32 2, !"Debug Info Version", i32 3} !7 = distinct !DISubprogram(name: "f", linkageName: "\01?f@@YAXXZ", scope: !1, file: !1, line: 1, type: !8, isLocal: false, isDefinition: true, scopeLine: 1, flags: DIFlagPrototyped, isOptimized: false, unit: !0, variables: !2) !8 = !DISubroutineType(types: !9) !9 = !{null} !10 = !DILocation(line: 1, column: 11, scope: !7)	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Talk:Mohanlal filmography revert war I have no stake in the outcome, but the revert war on this page needs to stop. It's up to 9RR in 5 days. Kerfuffler (talk) 04:03, 6 September 2012 (UTC) * All projects are confirmed and covered in media, we are trying to save the page, but one user is continuously vandalising by reverting it. Anish Viswa 04:12, 6 September 2012 (UTC) * Then file a WP:3RR report and get the user blocked. Continuing an edit war is never appropriate, and is likely to get you blocked. Kerfuffler (talk) 04:14, 6 September 2012 (UTC) * Agreed, and I am protecting this page until you two can resolve your differences or there is some other form of consensus. Please review the definition of vandalism. -- Sh i r ik ( Questions or Comments? ) 04:25, 6 September 2012 (UTC) Irrel trivia The article contains many trivial elements that are not supported even by the expansive standards of the WP:FILMOGRAPHY guidelines. Unless a valid rationale for inclusion of "Director" and "Script Writer" is presented, they will be removed shortly. -- TRPoD aka The Red Pen of Doom 21:09, 5 September 2014 (UTC) Aashirvad Cinemas It is a known fact to all Keralites that Aashirvad Cinemas produces only Mohanlal films which is owned by Antony Perumbavoor, the close friend and former car driver of Mohanlal. Apparently in all films, the producer credits are given to Antony only. So it cannot be included in the list of producer credits of Mohanlal.--Inside the Valley (talk) 18:59, 10 February 2016 (UTC) Suggestions for lead Mohanlal is an Indian actor, producer, and singer who has starred in both blockbuster and art house films. During his career, he has appeared in more than 320 feature films, primarily in Malayalam cinema, but also in other languages, including Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and Kannada. In 1978, when he was 18, he started acting with a minor comedic role in the unreleased film Thiranottam, before making his screen debut in 1980 as the antagonist in the romance film Manjil Virinja Pookkal. His portrayal of Narendran, a sadistic husband, received recognition and the film developed a cult status in India. Subsequently, Mohanlal was cast as the antagonist in many films. His first sympathetic role was in Padayottam (1982), the first 70 mm film in Malayalam. In 1984, he starred in Poochakkoru Mookkuthi, a comedy whose success pioneered the rise [is this true? Wording implies that comedies weren't around before the '80s. Perhaps "helped popularize"?] of the genre in the 1980s. In an early critically acclaimed performance, Mohanlal played an antihero in the I. V. Sasi-directed thriller Uyarangalil (1984). In the same year, he co-founded Casino Films, a motion picture production company, which later produced his popular comedies Gandhinagar 2nd Street (1986) and Nadodikkattu (1987). As a playback singer, Mohanlal contributed his first song [title?] to Onnanam Kunnil Oradi Kunnil (1985). In 1986, he established a career record by starring in 34 films in one year. Also in 1986, he won his first Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Malayalam for the family drama Sanmanassullavarkku Samadhanam and his first Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor for the comedic drama T. P. Balagopalan M. A. (at 26, he was the youngest actor to win the award, a record he held until 2006). The same year he co-founded Cheers Films, a second production company. The [Indian entertainment press?] named Mohanlal a "superstar" after the success of the crime drama Rajavinte Makan (1986) and he appeared in the highest grossing film in Malayalam cinema at the time, Irupatham Noottandu (1987). His tragicomedy Chithram (1988) ran continuously for 58 weeks in one theatre. In 1989, he earned his first National Film Award (Special Jury Mention) for his portrayal of Sethumadhavan in Kireedam. * —Ojorojo (talk) 17:41, 23 March 2016 (UTC) * Thanks for your effort. It looks more impressive now, I will apply these changes. I have some objections too. 1) Is there any other word for positive role instead of "sympathetic", it can misread "some" readers. 2) To neutralize the sentence about Poochakkoru Mookkuthi, I can change it to "In 1984, he starred in Poochakkoru Mookkuthi, a comedy whose success widely popularized the genre in the 1980s". 3) About the youngest actor record, it should not be in brackets, because that's the point of that sentence. There is another list Mohanlal awards for explaining about his awards. Waiting for the next two paragraphs. --Inside the Valley (talk) 16:23, 25 March 2016 (UTC) * Your changes look fine, except 3) needs work. It is two sentences stuck together and is not grammatical – there are other ways to fix it without using parentheses. I'll try to get to the remaining paragraphs in the next day or two. —Ojorojo (talk) 14:37, 26 March 2016 (UTC) In 1990, Mohanlal founded his own film production company, Pranavam Arts. Its debut, His Highness Abdullah, garnered critical acclaim and became the year's highest grossing film. His second production, Bharatham (1991), earned him the National Film Award for Best Actor and Forbes magazine included it on its list of "25 Greatest Acting Performances in Indian Cinema". His spiritual fantasy, Guru (1997), was the first Malayalam film submitted by India for the American Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. In 1997, he received critical praise for his first leading role in a non-Malayalam film—the Maniratnam-directed Tamil film Iruvar. Vanaprastham, which was screened at the Un Certain Regard section in the 1999 Cannes Film Festival, earned him the National Film Awards for Best Actor and Best Film (Producer). In 2000, Mohanlal's action drama, Narasimham, became the highest-grossing Malayalam film at the time. His character [name?] has since attracted a cult following. In 2001, he portrayed Karna in his theatrical debut, Karnabharam, directed by Kavalam Narayana Panicker. In 2003, he earned an International Indian Film Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the Bollywood film Company. His critically acclaimed portrayal of an Alzhiemers patient in Thanmathra (2005) earned him an honorary award from the Indian Medical Association. The Indian Territorial Army bestowed him with the honorary rank of lieutenant colonel for his performance as Major Mahadevan in the war films Keerthi Chakra (2006) and the sequel Kurukshetra (2008). In 2008, he played the lead role in Twenty:20, a landmark film which starred almost all actors in the guild of Malayalam film actors – AMMA. Drishyam (2013), in which he portrayed an ordinary man, became the highest-grossing Malayalam film of all time. * Many of the mentions in the lead are for awards, film and character descriptions, directors, etc. Since he has such a large body of work, it is easy to become overwhelmed by all the details. For readability, the focus should be on the very most important films (you pointed out that there is a separate awards article). Also, I noticed "Followed by his appearance as the cult character Sagar Alias Jacky in the crime drama Irupatham Noottandu (1987)." This should be written as a sentence, if important (the link is to a sequel, not the character). —Ojorojo (talk) 15:38, 28 March 2016 (UTC) * Thanks again, I have changed all as per your suggestions. And reworded the "Followed by...". It will be very difficult to point out his important films, it was the first burden I faced when I started working on his filmography. There are many important films he had worked. The lead will become too lengthy. So I decided to prepare the lead section with the only major events in his career. If this FLC fails, I think I will split the film list to decades (ie, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s) and write a lead to each section other than the main lead. So I can explain about the important films of each decade --Inside the Valley (talk) 19:04, 2 April 2016 (UTC) External links modified Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified 47 external links on Mohanlal filmography. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. 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Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150107140546/http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/narasimham-to-return-after-15-years-9681 to http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/narasimham-to-return-after-15-years-9681 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110806151012/http://mymanorama.manoramaonline.com/advt/movie/Mohanlal_Birthday_2011/filmography.htm to http://mymanorama.manoramaonline.com/advt/movie/Mohanlal_Birthday_2011/filmography.htm * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151222124407/http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/-when-mammootty-and-mohanlal-unite-11094 to http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/-when-mammootty-and-mohanlal-unite-11094 * Added archive https://www.webcitation.org/6feZCUT2d?url=http://mathrubhumi.com/movies/welcome/366675/ to http://mathrubhumi.com/movies/welcome/366675/ * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151222121950/http://www.dcbooks.com/music-director-raghu-kumar-passed-away.html to http://www.dcbooks.com/music-director-raghu-kumar-passed-away.html * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160301174119/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/after-rajesh-pillai-director-Mohanroop-1984-vetta-fame-passes-away-668894 to http://www.ibtimes.co.in/after-rajesh-pillai-director-Mohanroop-1984-vetta-fame-passes-away-668894 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160223162223/http://www.metromatinee.com/movie/aduthaduthu-3101 to http://www.metromatinee.com/movie/aduthaduthu-3101 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151223034720/http://www.metromatinee.com/movie/adhyayam-onnu-muthal-221 to http://www.metromatinee.com/movie/adhyayam-onnu-muthal-221 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151222112635/http://www.dcbooks.com/changampuzha-award-for-s-ramesan-nair.html to http://www.dcbooks.com/changampuzha-award-for-s-ramesan-nair.html * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151222084036/http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/four-films-that-perfectly-capture-the-devil-genius-charles-sobhraj/ to http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/four-films-that-perfectly-capture-the-devil-genius-charles-sobhraj/ * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151222130334/http://www.dcbooks.com/mohanlal-again-with-his-first-dialogue.html to http://www.dcbooks.com/mohanlal-again-with-his-first-dialogue.html * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160220084925/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/end-of-a-journey/article13646.ece to http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/end-of-a-journey/article13646.ece * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160226174149/http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/prithviraj-to-do-season-remake-2698 to http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/prithviraj-to-do-season-remake-2698 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151222144515/http://english.manoramaonline.com/lifestyle/health/surrogacy-narrated-through-motion-pictures.html to http://english.manoramaonline.com/lifestyle/health/surrogacy-narrated-through-motion-pictures.html * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151223122325/http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130630/entertainment-mollywood/article/two-decades-later-vietnam-colony-set-be-remade to http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130630/entertainment-mollywood/article/two-decades-later-vietnam-colony-set-be-remade * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150506040812/http://www.metromatinee.com/movie-review/picket-43-movie-review-556 to http://www.metromatinee.com/movie-review/picket-43-movie-review-556 Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 21:24, 3 February 2018 (UTC) Column with directors name do you think its possible/needed that a column for director is added in the main tabale of movies acted.? Karakdict (talk) 06:10, 13 December 2023 (UTC) How to format "TBA" in filmography table cells There is over whether to use TBA or TableTBA in the cells for the "Role" column in the filmography tables in this article, when the role has not yet been identified. The documentation for TBA says: The documentation for TableTBA says: I think TBA, through the use of a bold background color, draws the reader's attention unnecessarily to information that is not known. Background shading is not required, and I am not aware of any substantial encyclopedic reason to use it in this case. It conveys no additional information, does not improve comprehension of the article subject and serves no navigational function. The bold background color is particularly jarring in the context of an otherwise plain (neutrally shaded) filmography table. Note that the shading used by TBA effectively disappears when viewing the article in "dark mode", so whatever value one might assign to its use is, effectively, unavailable in "dark mode". So, I believe that TableTBA is more appropriate to use in this circumstance. But I am open to discussing as I might not be considering other important perspectives that could influence my view. I invite other editors to add comments with their views (courtesy ping to @AmNaTi200). Btw, while this discussion is started in reference to the "Role" cell, I think that the same reasoning would apply to the "Year" cells when the year of release is unknown/uncertain. — Archer (t·c) 21:22, 21 December 2023 (UTC) * I've asked twice that you please discuss this matter. I'm going to go ahead and make the change I've described above. If you revert without responding here, then I'm going to have to file a complaint against you at ANI for disruptive editing by reverting without discussing. — Archer (t·c) 02:39, 1 January 2024 (UTC) * First Of All, Happy New Year... Sorry I Was Little Busy So Couldn't Attend This Discussion... I Think You Were Right... Writing Is Better. AmNaTi200 (talk) 05:54, 1 January 2024 (UTC)	WIKI
Subject Re: Record Locking (was: IBO - Long time opened Query) Author Christian Gütter Hi Lester, > I 'lock records' by setting a status flag and commiting that > change rather than relying on pessimistic locking. The flag > can then be checked in any triggers, and operations > controlled - outside of a blocked transaction. That may not > be prectical for you, but works for me, and allows accurate > control of who is updating a record ( the flag is a user > number <g> ). This is not used often, as I normally edit > 'offline' and flag any changes when trying to post the update. I am investigating different ways of record locking for an application which involves editing larger documents (invoices etc.). I quite like the way you are doing it and would like to know if I understood you correctly. AFAIU, locking records in the "Lester way" consists of the following steps: 1. start a transaction 2. set lock field of record to user number 3. user edits the record 4. user has finished editing, so clear lock field 5. if user saves the doc then commit the transaction, otherwise rollback transaction Have I understood you correctly? TIA, Christian	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
-- Palm Oil Ends Near Lowest This Year on Falling Biofuel Appeal Palm oil ended unchanged as speculation that a decline in crude oil prices will reduce the demand for biofuels countered optimism that food demand may increase after futures dropped to the lowest level this year. The contract for July delivery, the most active by open interest and volume, closed at 2,301 ringgit ($757) a metric ton on the Bursa Malaysia Derivatives. Futures for June delivery ended at 2,293 ringgit yesterday, the lowest level for the most- active price since Dec. 17. Brent crude fell below $100 a barrel for the first time since July amid signs the global economy may slow, curbing fuel demand. Growth in China slowed to 7.7 percent in the first quarter from 7.9 percent in the previous three months, government data showed yesterday. The Standard & Poor’s GSCI Index of 24 commodities fell as much as 1.8 percent to the lowest since July. “The weaker the crude oil price, the biodiesel viability becomes less,” said Ivy Ng, an analyst at CIMB Investment Bank Bhd. “The CPO price has to decline to make it affordable again to convert into biodiesel.” Exports from Malaysia fell 4 percent to 648,275 tons in the first 15 days of April from the same period in March, Intertek said yesterday. Shipments declined 7.2 percent to 629,990 tons in the same period, Societe Generale de Surveillance estimates. Soybean oil for July delivery gained 0.8 percent to 48.74 cents a pound on the Chicago Board of Trade and soybeans climbed 0.7 percent to $13.6575 a bushel. Refined palm oil for September delivery lost 0.3 percent to close at 6,148 yuan ($995) a ton on the Dalian Commodity Exchange, while soybean oil fell 0.2 percent to 7,660 yuan a ton. To contact the reporter on this story: Ranjeetha Pakiam in Kuala Lumpur at rpakiam@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story: James Poole at jpoole4@bloomberg.net	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Talk:1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ⋯ New title? The title seems pretty bad...it probably doesn't confirm to Wikipedia Conventions. Maybe we should find a new one? 03:34, 17 February 2007 (UTC) * I know what you mean. When I wrote the article on 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + · · ·, I titled it Grandi's series (with redirects), even though this name is not usually used outside of historical contexts, and even there it's not standard, having such competitors as "Leibniz's series". So on neutrality, simplicity, and symmetry principles, I would have liked to call it "1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + · · ·"; it's just that that title would have been inconvenient and unconventional. * But… in this case, the series doesn't seem to have any proper name. The (only two) sources I've consulted so far just call it 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + · · ·. I guess we could call it something like "Sum of the powers of two", but this phrase has the disadvantage that no one uses it, and in some sense it neglects the very important ordering of the series… Melchoir 04:49, 17 February 2007 (UTC) * What could happen is somebody can change the name to "Sum of the powers of two" and add a redirect link using the current title. I know it isn't ideal, but it is better than the current title. Ojay123 (Talk•E-Mail•Contribs•Sandbox) 22:04, 20 August 2009 (UTC) * Another plausible title would be binary geometric series. —David Eppstein (talk) 22:20, 20 August 2009 (UTC) * I think it's a great title! So is 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + · · ·. Crasshopper (talk) 02:26, 15 May 2015 (UTC) To do I'm going to nominate this article at T:TDYK now, and I'm not going to be around much for a few days. So I should acknowledge what the article currently lacks, in case it draws criticism. Melchoir 05:56, 17 February 2007 (UTC) * A quick application of Aitken's delta-squared process would provide a second method producing negative one, taking some of the pressure off Euler. * Diluting the series with zeros between the terms: what happens? For at least one case, no original research is needed. What about other variations? * Stuff about the 2-adic numbers. I've found it frustrating to locate a high-quality source in this area, but it's fairly straightforward. * History! It's what makes this series special among all the other divergent geometric series of positive terms, so it justifies focusing on just the one. I know there's material in Hardy, and I'm guessing that I've seen more material in the same references as those at History of Grandi's series. Comment. When I saw this on the DYK proposals page, I initially assumed that this sequence = -1 thanks to interpreting a finite-length binary representation in two's complement notation. Would this factoid be appropriate for the article, or is that just too coincidental? SnowFire 19:42, 17 February 2007 (UTC) * Oh, it's not a coincidence at all; it's a result of the fact that a 2-adic number is completely described by the behavior of its finite-length truncations. So since 1=-1 mod 2, 11=-1 mod 2^2, 111=-1 mod 2^3, and so on, roughly speaking …111=-1 mod 2^infinity. This observation kind of mirrors the observation that you can get the p-adics either by asking for the convergence of certain sequences, or by taking a certain algebraic inverse limit. * So I think this would be a worthy addition to what David Eppstein already wrote about the convergence interpretation. I just don't know of a source to which I could attribute the material, so that the reader knows it's kosher and not black magic. Melchoir 21:17, 19 February 2007 (UTC) * One reference could be HAKMEM, which refers to interpreting this sequence in two's complement notation as equal to -1. But this is already discussed in Two's complement. Should we discuss it again in this article, or merely link to that section of that article? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:56, 30 June 2010 (UTC) s = 1 + 2s, s = -1 Are there some better sources for this, the step from: s = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .... to: s = 1 + 2 ( 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ... ), is mathematically incorrect. It is pre-assuming that 1+2+4+8 must go to infinity, as this is the only way 1+2+4+8 could equal 1 + 2 (1+2+4+8...), thus arriving at the only other root of s = -1, instead of properly applying the conditions to prove the correct root. I am sure others have gone over this since Hardy in 1949! --<IP_ADDRESS> 23:59, 20 February 2007 (UTC) Agree that -1 is not an answer: the assumption that the sum has a value is disproved by the absurdity of the answer, ((dis)proof by contradiction), therefore the assumption is invalid. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:16, 8 June 2018 (UTC) * Not sure I understand what you mean. Expanding the expression s = 1 + 2 ( 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ... ) gives s = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ..., by multiplying out the rest of the sequence by two. There is nothing "mathematically incorrect" about an algebraic expansion to show equality, unless there is something very basic here that I am missing. <IP_ADDRESS> 01:20, 21 February 2007 (UTC) * There is. An equation such as s = 1 + 2 + ... is only mathematically valid if the expression on the right side of the equals sign represents an actual number. Since 1 + 2 + 4 + ... is not a convergent series, it is not valid to say, in essence, "but if it were a number, we can call it s and show that it must be -1". Frankly, I'd recommend this section (or perhaps the entire article) be moved to the power series article as an example of how you cannot trust the summation of a power series outside its radius of convergence even if the series is defined at points outside that radius.MatthewDaly 01:40, 21 February 2007 (UTC) * There are lots of mathematically valid ways of assigning actual numbers to divergent series. The only trouble is that these are not taught in school, since they draw on a firm understanding of the simpler case of convergent series, and definitions of generalized summation methods tend to be phrased in terms of the convergent sum. The upshot of which is that most people are only aware of the usual sum, and they are prone to interpreting statements about divergent series as if they were implying convergence. I think this problem is already adequately described in the paragraph beginning "The above manipulation might be called on". Melchoir 01:15, 23 February 2007 (UTC) * As a reader who felt the need to comment on this point, I would have to reassert that for me it was not adequately described. Frankly, I still don't know if this is intended as some semi-amusing "1 = -1"-esque proof or if there is some obscure topological group structure extending the real numbers in which it there is a useful application to concluding that the sum of a strictly isotone positive sequence converges at all. Perhaps you might see fit to write (or link to) an article on (E)-summations so that those of us who haven't studied it can see what illumination it provides to an understanding of sequences. Aside from that, this conclusion comes across as the sort of esoteric "gotcha" that makes many laymen consider mathematics to be intellectually unfathomable, which would seem to be to mathematic's detriment. MatthewDaly 19:00, 23 February 2007 (UTC) * Maybe not the real numbers, but there is certainly a topological group extending the integers in which the series converges: the 2-adic integers. It isn't an ordered group, though, so 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + · · · is no longer a series of positive terms in that context. This is probably the most important application of the series, since it is connected to the series …111 and the representation of negative one on computers. * And then, there are the senses in which the divergent series of real numbers can be assigned a sum: it's not a gotcha, because these are useful in physical applications. (But I don't know what application might involve this particular series.) (E)-summation isn't the only relevant concept, as you can see by browsing this talk page. Unfortunately, I wouldn't feel comfortable writing an article on the summation method with just Hardy as a reference, because I've found that book to assume a lot of context I don't have. For example, he describes the Dirichlet eta function without ever naming it – perhaps it wasn't named at the time – so it's a good thing I didn't try to write a new article on that without doing further research. * Your last point resonates, I think, with some of what I wrote at Grandi's series in education. I guess that stuff should be mentioned in this article, since Sierpińska's findings are directly relevant to the series. On the other hand, I am beginning to think that such material should be collected in a higher-level article, so that future individual articles on divergent series and geometric series can link to it. Melchoir 20:02, 23 February 2007 (UTC) * The point is that the left side and the right side are not just equal (as you say, that makes little sense) but identical: the same sequence of terms in the same order. Perhaps that could be expressed more clearly in the article, but it is no more mathematically incorrect than the rest of the article. —David Eppstein 02:36, 21 February 2007 (UTC) * I'm no mathematician, but it seems like the right side of the equation now contains one more term than the left side. Perhaps I don't understand series well enough? Xiner (talk, email) 02:44, 21 February 2007 (UTC) * Which term do you think is missing? That's a serious question: if each term on the left is also on the right, then they are the same. Don't let the fact that both are infinite confuse you. —David Eppstein 02:47, 21 February 2007 (UTC) * s = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .... is equivalent to s = 1 + 2 ( 1 + 2 + 4 + ... ), which my non-mathematical mind can't equate to s = 1 + 2 ( 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ... ). For example, if they were the same, then you could repeat the parenthetication forever, to s = 1 + 2 + 4 ( 1 + 2 ... ), to s = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 ( 1 + ... ), to ss ? Xiner (talk, email) 02:57, 21 February 2007 (UTC) Alright, let me try again. s = 1+2s does not hold for any finite expansion of the series. In particular, if we let x^2 be the last term in s, then the difference in the two sides of the equal sign is 2 x^2. And it doesn't become smaller as the series is expanded indefinitely. x approaches infinity, and x^2, well, even more so? Xiner (talk, email) 14:09, 21 February 2007 (UTC) * It's admitted that the series is a divergent series in the lead section and again in the first paragraph of "Summation", which is currently the only body section. Therefore we can't expect things to become smaller as some index approaches infinity. The interesting question is: given that we are robbed of all the nice, comforting properties of convergent series, what can we say about 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + · · · anyway? Melchoir 01:10, 23 February 2007 (UTC) I'm no mathematician too, but I'd like to contribute with my thoughts as well. I see that $$s=1+2+4+8...=\sum_{i=0}^{n=\infty}{2^{i}}$$. Therefore using that approach for s would be: $$s=1+2(\sum_{i=0}^{n=\infty}{2^{i}}-2^{n}) = 1+2s-2^{n+1} $$ and if I isolate s : $$s=2^{n+1}-1=\infty $$. Is it incorrect to do it this way? Secondly I do not see why we use Taylor/Geometric series with $$x=1,a=2^n$$ or $$y=2,a=1$$ which in other words means $$\sum_{i=0}^{n=\infty}(ax)^{n}$$ since it is clearly stated that this series are only valid for $$\|x\|<1$$ <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:11, 27 November 2016 (UTC) Something I think i should mention, the expansion $$a + ar ... {\infty}$$ = $$1 / 1 - r$$ is only valid for $$\|x\| < 1$$ RogueCatalyst (talk) 16:25, 10 June 2019 (UTC) * If to restrict referent of $$\|x\|$$ to the usual (real) absolute value of $$x$$, then the categorical sentence above is false. The field of rational numbers has many absolute values. Incnis Mrsi (talk) 18:38, 12 June 2019 (UTC) s = 1 + 2s, s = infinity I'm wondering about the statement in the article that s=infinity can be considered as a solution of the equation. The first obvious thing I'd imagine would be generalizing to the hyperreal numbers, but in that system, there is no infinite solution. In what sense is there are infinite solution? I can imagine saying that both sides of the equation approach infinity as s approaches infinity, but that's completely different from suggesting that there is some number system in which there is an infinite solution.--<IP_ADDRESS> 04:45, 21 February 2007 (UTC) * Hardy almost certainly had the Riemann sphere in mind. The map (z -> 1 + 2z) is a Möbius transformation, so right away we know it has two fixed points on the Riemann sphere. One of these is infinity, and the other is negative one. This is standard stuff, so feel free to explain within the article if necessary. Melchoir 01:06, 23 February 2007 (UTC) * The problem is that infinity is a fixed point of every map z -> c + rz, for finite c and nonzero r, so this gives infinity as an alternate solution of every geometric series. It seems a little less remarkable that way. I wish someone could tell us what Hardy actually said about this. – Dan Hoey 23:35, 17 April 2007 (UTC) Abel summation Under Summation the article implies that 1+2+4+8+... is not Cesàro summable or Abel summable. I understand why it is not Cesàro summable. But the method of summation in the following paragraph, which turns the series into a Taylor series and then sets x to 1, looks similar to Abel summation. How does it fail to be Abel summation ? Is it because x=1 is not on the boundary of the convergence disk for this particular Taylor series ? Gandalf61 11:06, 17 April 2007 (UTC) * Yes. In more detail, Abel summation takes the limit x->1, which isn't possible here. Melchoir 18:35, 17 April 2007 (UTC) merge suggestion Since this series is the canonical example of divergence, why don't we merge it with that page and then make this page disambig to fixed point Riemann sphere and divergent series.--Cronholm144 22:35, 12 May 2007 (UTC) * I don't agree with the merge proposal. I am not quite clear which page this article is supposed to be merged into, but if the proposal is to merge it into the divergent geometric series page, then that page mentions this series and three other important examples of divergent series, each of which has its own page. The main page would become bloated if we merged all four example back into it. Gandalf61 08:37, 13 May 2007 (UTC) * I think at least temporarily, there is a case to be made for some reorganisation of this material. I have commented more fully on this at 1+2+3+4+ .... However, I note that Grandi's series should clearly not be merged with divergent geometric series, whereas the anecdote at 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + · · · is more appropriately discussed in the zeta function context. Consequently, there are only really two articles to include here. I do not think they would bloat the article, which is only 2718 bytes long a present — a baby by wikipedia standards ;) Geometry guy 00:04, 14 May 2007 (UTC) Sorry I was vague, my comment was made in haste, perhaps the creation of a subpage of divergent series like important examples of divergent series could be created. Then instead of having 4 or 5 small start class articles we would have one nice B class or above containing the aforementioned series and their uses--Cronholm144 08:42, 13 May 2007 (UTC) * The existence of this article doesn't prevent anyone from writing List of divergent series. In fact, if no one ever does create that list, I'll probably do it myself someday! Melchoir 09:28, 13 May 2007 (UTC) my intent is not to anger you, I am not a deletionist and don't want you to take my comments personally. It is just that I view articles on divergent series with a skeptical eye. If they are well written and demonstrate that they are important I am fine, but if they are almost stubs I just fail to see their need for inclusion as a part of an encyclopedia--Cronholm144 09:35, 13 May 2007 (UTC) Is the work in progress? I'm not sure that these multiple branchings are appropriate yet--Cronholm144 09:56, 13 May 2007 (UTC) * Even if the encyclopedia is a work in progress? Melchoir 09:50, 13 May 2007 (UTC) * As well as being work in progress, it is also work in use. I have commented more fully at 1+2+3+4+ .... Geometry guy 00:04, 14 May 2007 (UTC) Partial sum? In the article, I read "The partial sums of 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + … are 1, 3, 7, 15, …" but it seems to me that the digit 1 as a sum is mistaken. It is the sum of 0+1, but here the first sum is 1+2, so the series of "partial sums" should begin with 3. Since I am not a mathematician, I dare not modifiying the article, but I remark here my objection. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:47, 6 September 2010 (UTC) * The article is correct. The partial sums sn of a sequence xm are defined as: * $$s_n = \sum_{m=1}^n x_m$$ * If we take the upper limit n to be 1 then we have * $$s_1 = \sum_{m=1}^1 x_m = x_1$$ * so the first partial sum is the first term of the underlying sequence. In this case the article correctly says that the sequence of partial sums starts with 1. Gandalf61 (talk) 11:56, 6 September 2010 (UTC) * OK. Thank you for the explanation. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:08, 7 September 2010 (UTC) Confusing title Probably people with a low IQ or not used to maths will find the title "1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ..." confusing, as it doesn't clarify what are we adding next. Pair numbers? Is 10 the next or 12? What do the ellipsis mean? 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ... could also be followed by 16 and 31, as in the Circle division by chords progression. Really, I would rather prefer "Addition of the powers of two", which isn't ambiguous.--Ssola (talk) 16:42, 6 October 2010 (UTC) * You can always create a redirect page. Sum of the powers of two or infinite sum of the powers of two is more grammatical. Gandalf61 (talk) 12:42, 7 October 2010 (UTC) Function value Why isn't f(y) = 2^(x-1) in this article anywhere? It defines the series in positive values. This is a perfect example of where wikipedia doesn't give the simplest explanation for something for no apparent reason. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:20, 1 June 2011 (UTC) Dead link * http://www.math.dartmouth.edu/~euler/pages/E247.html}} * In History of Grandi's series on 2011-03-29 14:29:08, 404 Not Found * In 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + … on 2011-05-25 06:48:48, 404 Not Found * In 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + … on 2011-06-09 12:23:10, 404 Not Found --JeffGBot (talk) 12:23, 9 June 2011 (UTC) Regular? "...is not totally regular..." What does "regular" mean in this context? Crasshopper (talk) 02:24, 15 May 2015 (UTC) 5+20+600+0+90000+800000+2000000+10000000+... The sum of this series is ...8212890625, which corresponds to a zero divisor in the ring of 10-adic number. However, there is no zero divisor other then 0 in $$R$$, since $$R$$ is a field, so what is the sum of this series?	WIKI
The Urban Legend of Multipass Hard Disk Overwrite Sunday, August 28, 2011 Brian Smithson 7ca9cf570bb97d22b119f3a70d335ede The Urban Legend of Multipass Hard Disk Overwrite and DoD 5220-22-M Multipass disk overwrite and the “DoD 5220-22-M standard 3-pass wipe” are, at best, urban legends. At worst, they are a waste of time and electricity. Blame Gutmann... In 1996, Peter Gutmann presented a paper [GUT96] at a USENIX Security Symposium in which he claimed that overwritten data could be recovered using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) techniques. This seminal paper alerted many people to the possibility that data which had been overwritten on an HDD could be recovered using such techniques. Lacking other research in this area, and despite a lack of corroboration, many of those people adopted Gutmann’s conclusions and recommendations and have ever since believed that multiple overwrites are required to effectively render remnant data irretrievable. Gutmann’s ultimate recommendation was that no fewer than 35 (!) overwrite passes should be performed to ensure that the original data cannot be retrieved. However, in the context of current HDD technology, there are several problems with Gutmann’s work: • Gutmann focused on two disk technologies — modified frequency modulation and run-length-limited encoding — that rely on detection of a narrow range of analog signal values and have not been used for HDDs in the last 10-15 years. Modern HDDs use various kinds of partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) sequence detection that uses statistical techniques to determine the maximum likelihood value associated with multiple signal detections [WRIG08]. • Further, areal density (density of data per square unit of area, the product of bit-per-inch linear density and track-per-inch track density) has increase by at least three orders of magnitude [SOBE04] [WIKI08] since the publication the Gutmann paper. To achieve such densities, head positioning actuators have become significantly more accurate and repeatable. • Moreover, Gutmann’s work paper was theoretical, and I am not aware of any practical validation that data could be recovered using the techniques he described. Gutmann’s work has resulted in the formation of an urban legend: that the US government requires a 3-pass overwrite and specifies it in DoD 5220-22-M. What about those often-cited US Government standards? There are many HDD overwrite standards from which to choose [BLAN08]. Among those that are often cited in both procurement and product specifications are DoD 5220.22-M and NSA 130-1. Less often cited, but more current, is NIST SP 800-88. DoD 5220-22-M DoD 5220-22-M is the National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOM), which a broad manual of procedures and requirements for government contractors handling classified information. The 1997 version of this document [DOD_97] specified that rigid magnetic disks should be sanitized by writing some character, its complement, and then a random character. However, this “algorithm” was removed from subsequent issues of the NISPOM. Indeed, the entire table of clearing and sanitization methods is no longer present in the current issue of NISPOM [DOD_06]. NSA 130-1 NSA 130-1 may well have specified a clearing or sanitization procedure by writing a random character, another random character, and then a known value. However, I am not able to find a copy of NSA Manual 130-1 or 130-2 (perhaps they were classified documents). However, the current issue of the NSA/CSS Storage Device Declassification Manual [NSA_07] (Manual 9-12, which supersedes Manual 130-2) does not specify any overwriting methods for HDDs, and instead requires degaussing or physical destruction. It is not clear to me if the DoD and NSA no longer recommend overwrite methods because they are ineffective or because their effectiveness as a single technique is uncertain when applied to a variety of HDD technologies. NIST Special Publication 800-88 The National Institute of Standards and Technology has a special publication “Guidelines for Media Sanitization” that allows HDD clearing by overwriting media “using agency-approved and validated overwriting technologies/methods/tools”. For purging, it specifies the Secure Erase [UCSD10] function (for ATA-based devices), degaussing, destruction, or the rather vague “purge media by using agency-approved and validated purge technologies/tools”. The original issue of SP 800-88 [NIST06-1] claimed that “Encryption is not a generally accepted means of sanitization. The increasing power of computers decreases the time needed to crack cipher text and therefore the inability to recover the encrypted data can not be assured”, but that text was removed from SP 800-88 Revision 1 which was issued one month later. Most interestingly, SP 800-88 states that “NSA has researched that one overwrite is good enough to sanitize most drives”. Unfortunately, the NSA’s research does not appear to have been published for public consumption. Current Research Fortunately, several security researchers presented a paper [WRIG08] at the Fourth International Conference on Information Systems Security (ICISS 2008) that declares the “great wiping controversy” about how many passes of overwriting with various data values to be settled: their research demonstrates that a single overwrite using an arbitrary data value will render the original data irretrievable even if MFM and STM techniques are employed. The researchers found that the probability of recovering a single bit from a previously used HDD was only slightly better than a coin toss, and that the probability of recovering more bits decreases exponentially so that it quickly becomes close to zero. Therefore, a single pass overwrite with any arbitrary value (randomly chosen or not) is sufficient to render the original HDD data effectively irretrievable. References Cross-posted from Grot Possibly Related Articles: 59634 General Hardware data destruction Hardware Secure Erase Degaussing HDD Hard Drives DoD 5220-22-M Post Rating I Like this! B32b392ce3a707f05f4838c48c67d9cf Christopher Hudel Very well written! I think too often we tend to "hold on" to urban legends and requirements like these tend to stay in policy and process documentation without question. 1314710424 8b5e0b54dfecaa052afa016cd32b9837 Craig S Wright I am happy that our research is starting to make it into more mainstream sources. Later this year we will have a paper ready for publication detailing the recovery of not only wiped data, but drilled, crushed, heated, magnetized and more. The economics and time constraints will also be discussed. 1314773662 B8b580348b4e717042d0e394ee072001 security curmudgeon Did you read Gutmann's paper in the last ten years? He has added a note at the top: This paper is now more than fifteen years old, and discusses disk storage technology that was current 15-20 years ago. For an update on the current situation with data deletion see the [Link: "epilogue"]. He also has two epilogues, one that deals with WRIG08: So while it fairly convincingly demonstrates that applying the wrong technique to the wrong technology doesn't work, it unfortunately doesn't expand the body of knowledge of secure data deletion much. 1314851283 8b5e0b54dfecaa052afa016cd32b9837 Craig S Wright Gutmann never tested anything. He made a theory and proposed it as fact. I saw his reply and he has just sought to confuse the issue. In the testing, older and newer drives had been used. His idea of using an oscilloscope was never valid even using floppy disks. The idea behind Gutmann's paper was fundamentally flawed and based on a misunderstanding of physics. Others such as the NSA and NIST have validated the findings we made in WRIG08, but then being .gov we can see these are conspiracy theory? 1314852288 7ca9cf570bb97d22b119f3a70d335ede Brian Smithson Craig, thank you for the comments. I can't wait to see your new paper! 1314989600 70e177868d7bc383ce3ea10b6f976ada Andrew Baker Gutmann does have some updated info, as found here: http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/pubs/secure_del.html#Epilogue 1315135280 The views expressed in this post are the opinions of the Infosec Island member that posted this content. Infosec Island is not responsible for the content or messaging of this post. Unauthorized reproduction of this article (in part or in whole) is prohibited without the express written permission of Infosec Island and the Infosec Island member that posted this content--this includes using our RSS feed for any purpose other than personal use.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Whitford v. County of Clark/Opinion of the Court In this case the trial was by the court, a jury having been waived. The record presents a special finding of facts, and certain exceptions to the rulings of the court on the admissibility of testimony. Upon the facts as found we should have had no hesitation in affirming the judgment, but in the rulings excepted to there was error. As part of the evidence on which the findings were made, the court, against the objections of Whitford, the plaintiff in error, allowed a deposition of N. T. Cherry, taken de bene esse under section 863 of the Revised Statutes, to be read, when it was made to appear before the reading that the witness was himself actually present in court, ready and able to testify in the case if called. From the opinion filed on the decision of a motion for a new trial, (Whitford v. Clark Co., 13 Fed. Rep. 837,) it appears that the court held the rule on this point 'to be that when a deposition in a civil action has been duly taken, because the witness resides more than one hundred miles distant, said deposition is admissible, subject, however, to the right of the adverse party to place him on the witness stand if present. Such is understood to be the true rule, although decided cases are not fully in accord.' But by section 865 of the Revised Statutes it is expressl provided that, 'unless it appears to the satisfaction of the court that the witness is then dead, or gone out of the United States, or to a greater distance than one hundred miles from the place where the court is sitting, or that, by reason of age, sickness, bodily in firmity, or imprisonment, he is unable to travel and appear at court, such deposition shall not be used in the cause.' This was first enacted in the judiciary act of September 24, 1789, c. 20, § 30, (1 St. 90,) and it has been in force from that time until now. In ''Patapsco Ins. Co. v. Southgate'', 5 Pet. 617, it was said, in reference to this provision, that 'the act declares expressly that, unless the same (that is, the disability) shall be made to appear on the trial, such deposition shall not be admitted or used in the cause. This inhibition does not extend to the deposition of a witness living a greater distance from the place of trial than one hundred miles, he being considered permanently beyond a compulsory attendance. The deposition in such case may not always be absolute, for the party against whom it is to be used may prove that the witness has removed within the reach of a subpoena after the deposition was taken; and, if that fact was known to the party, he would be bound to procure his personal attendance. The onus, however, of proving this would rest upon the party opposing the admission of the deposition in evidence. It is therefore a deposition taken de bene esse.' And in The Samuel, 1 Wheat. 15, Chief Justice MARSHALL said, a deposition taken under the statute de bene esse 'can be read only when the witness himself is unattainable.' See, also, Harris v. Wall, 7 How. 693, and Rutherford v. Geddes, 4 Wall. 224. It thus appears to have been established at a very early date that depositions taken de bene esse could not be used in any case at the trial, if the presence of the witness himself was actually attainable, and the party offering the deposition knew it, or ought to have known it. If the witness lives more than 100 miles from the place of trial, no subpoena need be issued to secure his compulsory attendance. So, too, if he lived more than 100 miles away when his deposition was taken, it will be presumed that he continued to live there at the time of the trial, and no further proof on that subject need be furnished by the party offering the deposition, unless this presumption shall be overcome by proof from the other side. But if it be overcome, and the party has knowledge of his power to get the witness in time to enable him to secure an attendance at the trial, he must do so, and the deposition will be excluded. Such was this case. While the witness lived more than 100 miles from the place of trial when his deposition was taken, he was actually in court, ready and able to testify when his testimony was needed at the trial. His deposition, therefore, was not admissible. The rulings of the circuit courts have uniformly been the same way, so far as we know. While some have gone beyond the decision in ''Patapsco Ins. Co. v. Southgate'', none have fallen short of it. Lessee of Penns v. Ingraham, 2 Wash. C. C. 487, (decided in 1811;) Lessee of Brown v. Galloway, Pet. C. C. 294, (decided in 1816;) Pettibone v. Derringer, 4 Wash. C. C. 219, (decided in 1818;) Russell v. Ashley, Hemp. 549; Weed v. Armstrong, 6 McLean, 44. As to depositions taken under a Dedimus potestatem in accordance with section 866 of the Revised Statutes, this provision of section 865 does not apply, for it is expressly so enacted in that section. When the statutes of the United States make special provisions as to the competency or admissibility of testimony, they must be followed in the courts of the United States, and not the laws or the practice of the state in which the court is held when they are different. Potter v. National Bank, 102 U.S. 165; King v. Worthington, 104 U.S. 50; Bradley v. United States, Id. 443; Ex parte Fisk, 113 U.S. 721; S.C.. 5 Sup. Ct. Rep. 724. The judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded, with directions for a new trial.	WIKI
User:Bildhauer Netzwerk/sandbox sculpture network sculpture network is Europe’s platform for three-dimensional art; a non-profit organization for thewhich supports, encouragement encourages and promotion promotes of contemporary sculpture. sculpture network was foundedFounded in 2004 in Berlin, and it is a recognized, registered, non-profit organisation. Its headquarters are in Munich, It has offices in different other European countries with a headquarter in Munich and a constantly growing Europe-wide network of volonteervolunteer coordinators. sculpture network currently has 1,000 members in 41 countries. History and objectives The idea of a network for artist, art mediators and friends of the arts, stems from the sculptor Hartmut Stielow, who had experienced the effectiveness and value of such an association, while being a Board member of the International Sculpture Centre (ISC) in the US. In 2003, the idea was supported by the entrepreneur Ralf Kirberg, today sculpture network Chairman. He then went on to helped founding sculpture network in 2004 as a not-for-profit arts organization, mainly funded by member fees and donations. sculpture network’s main objectives are to provide networking possibilities for artists, art professionals, suppliers and art organizations interested and involved with three-dimensional art, to promote the uniqueness, and recognition of the uniquenesssocial relevance of three-dimensional art, and to increase general awareness and understanding of this kind of art in today’s the society. Program sculpture network regularly organizes local and international events, such as the sculpture network new year’s brunch, Dialogues, International Forum, and art trips to selected destinations. “”sculpture network new year's brunch”” is a European wide celebration of sculpture. Every year, since 2010, people who are fascinated by contemporary three dimensional art get together at the beginning of the year. On the same day, at the same time, at all kinds of different places in Europe. “”sculpture network Dialogues”” are events that happen throughout Europe. They are organised by sculpture network in cooperation with members, professionals and selected institutions. They take place at a wide range of culture-related venues such as artist studios, museums, sculpture parks, private collections, production spaces etc. and last around 3 hours. “”sculpture network art trips” travel to selected sculpture sites throughout Europe. Our Experience program offers the opportunity to visit private collections, artists studios, choice exhibitions, while enjoying local cuisines and wines. “”The International Forum”” is organized annually in cooperation with art institutions. During this a two-day event experts and artists will address relevant subjects in contemporary sculpture, enriched by visits of to sculpture sites and collections. Weblinks / References * Offizielle Webseite * Ralf Kirberg, Kunst Element der Unternehmenskultur? in, congena Texte, 2013 * Gerhard Charles Rump: Schon ein Jubiläum: Fünf Jahre „Sculpture Network”. In: Die Welt vom 1. August 2009 * John Power: Unter der Käseglocke des Künstlers. In: Der Tagesspiegel vom 23. Januar 2010	WIKI
User:Davidhowse Greetings Lovers of Marketing and Philosophy: Please leave any comments that you feel are appropriate and helpful. My website is www.DavidHowseMarketing.com one of many Calgary Marketing Companies	WIKI
Page:An outline of English phonetics ... with 131 illustrations (IA cu31924027389505).pdf/24 6 31. The roof of the mouth is divided, for the purposes of phonetics, into three parts called the teeth-ridge, the hard palate, and the soft palate. The teeth-ridge is defined as the part of the roof of the mouth just behind the teeth which is convex to the tongue, the division between the teeth-ridge and the palate being defined as the point where the roof of the mouth ceases to be convex to the tongue and begins to be concave (see fig. 1). The remainder of the roof of the mouth comprises the other two parts, the front part constituting the hard palate, and the back part the soft palate. These two parts should be examined carefully in the looking-glass; they may be felt with the tongue or with the finger. The soft palate can be moved upwards from the position shown in fig. 1, and when raised to its fullest extent it touches the back wall of the pharynx as in fig. 10 (see also § 97). 32. The pharynx is the cavity situated in the throat immediately behind the mouth. Below it is the larynx which forms the upper part of the windpipe (the passage leading to the lungs). The epiglottis is a sort of lid to the larynx. It is probably lowered so as to close the larynx during the action of swallowing, but it does not appear to enter into the formation of any speech sounds. 33. For the purposes of phonetics it is convenient to imagine the surface of the tongue divided into three parts (see fig. 1). The part opposite the soft palate when the tongue is in the position of rest is called the back; the part opposite the hard palate when the tongue is in the position of rest is called the front: and the part opposite	WIKI
Talk:Panasonic Lumix DMC-GX80 It should be pretty obvious than the Panasonic DMC-GX80 is not the same camera as DMC-GX8, see https://www.panasonic.com/fr/consumer/appareils-photo-et-camescopes/lumix-g-hybrides/lumix-gx/dmc-gx80.html (gx80 is for european dealers). It's nearly the same as https://shop.panasonic.com/cameras-and-camcorders/cameras/lumix-interchangeable-lens-ilc-cameras/DMC-GX85WK.html but the video takes are limited to 30 minutes. Jdd (talk) 18:07, 9 October 2019 (UTC)	WIKI
Talk:Shugborough House inscription Missing Bit Just before the two main theories are explored, the article mentions a correlation between the initials and a phrase in the Bible. 'Twould be handy/interesting/less annoying if said phrase was provided. Thankee.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:15, 1 October 2008 (UTC) Removed I removed this text: "'As this explanation is endorsed by the family of Shugborough Hall, it casts considerable doubt on the inscription's status as a 'great unsolved code/cipher', and upon conspiracy theory interpretations of it.'" ...because it not only unencyclopedically forms an opinion, casts an aspersion, and draws a conclusion, it does so based on a flimsy premise: Just because an explanation is endorsed by the family of Shugborough Hall, this doesn't really change anything. The matter is still one of speculation and probably always will be. wikipediatrix 18:32, 26 May 2006 (UTC) Name and detail Should this really be under this name? The Monument is called 'The Shepherd's Monument' and even if that isn't acceptable, it should at least be called the 'Shugborough Hall Inscription' (Or monument), considering Shugborough is always referred to as either an Estate or a Hall. Oh, also, the picture doesn't include the inscription, which is under the main sculpture. It mentions in the article that, in the sculpture, the letter on the tomb being pointed at has changed from the original painting. Would someone with some more in depth knowledge be able to say which letter that is, as it is commonly thought by people trying to 'crack the code' that it is important to deciphering the code below. Spugmeister 21:04, 6 March 2007 (UTC) * I'm not that bothered about the title. In both versions the letter R in ARCADIA is being pointed to, but with the finger in the painting and the thumb in the sculpture. The finger in the sculpture is broken, but was pointing to the N in IN. Obviously the inscription is reversed from the painting, otherwise it would appear backwards. Paul B 01:23, 7 March 2007 (UTC) Surely this should be in the main article then? And while the name might not seem too important (especially for those searching particularly for the fabled holy grail reference), I think there should be a couple of redirected links added with alternative names, especially the 'Shepherd's Monument' name. Spugmeister 11:07, 7 March 2007 (UTC) Norwegian solution The "Norwegian solution" is just some giberish on someones homepage. The "norwegian words" he ends up with are not words, and never have been in any dialect past or present. It would be as if someone took "De R Gi He" to mean "There are giants here". Remove. * Well, I don't speak a word of Norwegian, but since an infinite number of solutions are possible, there's no reason to pick out something as implausible as one in Norwegian. Paul B 09:15, 29 May 2007 (UTC) Sic Transit Gloria Mundi! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:42, August 28, 2007 (UTC) The authoritative reference I have added the authoritative historical and art-historical reference: Shugborough: "The Shepherd's Monument". An improved version of this Wikipedia article would build on facts. --Wetman 21:14, 15 June 2007 (UTC) Insert non-formatted text here	WIKI
The New Jobs Numbers Signal the End of an Economic Era Jobs Report In the book of United States economic history, the November jobs numbers released on Friday would make a fitting end to a particularly long, terrifying chapter that began nine years ago. The unemployment rate fell to 4.6 percent, the Labor Department said, from 4.9 percent. The last time it was this low was August 2007. That was the month, you may recall, when global money markets first froze up because of losses on United States mortgage-related bonds: early tremors of what would become a recession four months later and a global financial crisis nine months after that. In the last nine years, we’ve witnessed events in economic, financial and political history so convulsive that our 2007 selves wouldn’t have been able to imagine them. But while the political future may be more uncertain than ever, the economic and financial outlook is getting mercifully boring again. After all, not only is the 4.6 percent unemployment rate consistent with what economists consider full employment, but bond markets, following a sell-off that began after Election Day, are now priced to reflect a return to more normal interest rates than had seemed probable just a month ago. The Federal Reserve appears likely to raise interest rates when its policy committee meets in less than two weeks. In truth, the details of the new jobs numbers are more uneven than the drop in the unemployment rate would suggest. Part of the decline was caused by 226,000 people dropping out of the labor force (there were also 160,000 more people who reported themselves as employed, so the decline in joblessness was for a mix of bad and good reasons). Millions of working-age people, especially men, are neither working nor looking for work, which remains the lingering weak spot in the United States economy and is most likely a factor in Americans’ continued dissatisfaction with the economy (and their votes for Donald J. Trump for president). Moreover, some progress toward higher wages reported in the October jobs numbers was partly reversed, with an 0.1 percent fall in average hourly earnings for private-sector workers. Still, the 2.5 percent gain in that wage measure over the last year represents real income gains in a time of low inflation. And the silver lining of softer wage growth is that it will make the Fed more inclined to be patient in raising rates by diminishing the central bank’s inflation fears. While the 178,000 jobs the United States added in November were consistent with projections, the combination of a low unemployment rate and a stable-or-shrinking labor force implies that the economy won’t be able to keep that up for long. If employment gains are going to continue at that pace, it will have to be because more Americans join the work force. The pool of people who formally count as unemployed — those who say they want a job and have looked for one in the last month — is down to 7.4 million, the lowest since November 2007. To keep up that speedy job growth, employers will need to pull in people who don’t fit that definition but who are able and willing to work. The economy isn’t perfect; it never is. But Mr. Trump will be inheriting an economy largely healed from its trauma of the last nine years, and with most indicators pointing in the right direction. Everyone can hope that the next chapter in that economic history of the United States will be a more boring one than the last.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Compass Rose logo The Compass DeRose Guide to Eudora Tricks Written by Steven J. DeRose, October 29, 2003. Last updated 2003-10-29. This is a collections of useful things I've discovered about the Eudora email program. Perhaps some of them will save you time. Recovering from error -5000, re. the In.temp file. If you switch Mac OS X accounts (for example, to root) and collect your mail, Eudora (5.2, at least) mostly works fine, except that it creates a temp file in Documents/Eudora Folder/Spool Folder/In.temp, and that file has the "other" account as owner. So when you try to run Eudora back on your main account, It complains that it can't open mail.In.temp (which is the wrong name). I've found no doc on this on the Eudora site or anywhere else. What you have to do is simply change the owner back (once you've found the file -- but now I've told you where it is). You have to do the same thing for any other files that might have been created while you were logged in as the other user (such as any attachments received, possibly Out.temp, a newly-created mailbox, etc.). Open a terminal window and do this: cd Documents/Eudora\ Folder sudo chown -R [your main userid] . You may notice that the Spool Folder is filled with countless files with names like Eudora Nicknames.9.20.8.47 History List.1.0.45.41 I think these are successive backups and can be safely deleted. Getting at all the hidden settings There is a huge list of Eudora settings at http://www.eudora.com/techsupport/mac/download/X-Eudora-Settings.txt. They're all numbered, and have terse descriptions. For example, <x-eudora-setting:11520> Number of seconds to allow dirty windows to be dirty. (This setting is what anyone else would call the "autosave" interval -- how long a window can go with unsaved changes. If you set a value here, be prepared for Eudora to stop everything for a few seconds at that interval -- I don't know why, but if you click to another application and then back, the wait ends). If you type the stuff between and including the pointy brackets into a Eudora window, then double-click it, you'll get a box where you see the current setting and can change it. The possible values are not always obvious, so be sure to remember the original value so you can at least get back. To save time, copy the whole settings file into a mail to yourself, and keep it in a known mailbox -- then you can just open it, scan for the setting you want, and double-click it without having to type anything. Viewing mail by thread Option-click on the subject field of any message in the thread, and all the thread-mates will be gathered together for you. Spam filtering Most spam comes from email addresses you don't know -- Eudora 5.2 and later have a filter feature that helps with this: create a new filter and set it to catch emails where: the "From" address, "doesn't intersect address book", specifically your "Eudora Nicknames" address book. Make this filter do something obvious, like filter all such mail into a separate notebook called "Unknown Sender" or "Possible spam"; or perhaps turn it a garish color or set it to low priority. Of course, if you are in a business or other role where you get lots of mail from new people, you'll need to check this folder very often. When you check, it's quickest to click the head of the "Who" column to sort by sender -- that way you only look at each sender once. When you see mail from someone you expect to get more (desirable) mail from, use Cmd-K to make an address book entry for them; or, you can go to the address book, open the "History" category, and drag desirable nicknames into the Eudora Nicknames area.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
User:JenEng I am a University of Toronto Mississauga student taking part in the Wikipedia Education Program 2012. I look forward to contributing to the Wikipedia Encyclopedia!	WIKI
Citations:till * 1) Verb * 2) * An Earth all lying round, crying, Come and till me, come and reap me;--yet we here sit enchanted! * 1843 Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present, book 1, ch. 1, Midas * 1) * And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground. * 2) Preposition * 3) And he never drew the bridle till he landed safe and sound. 1890 Andrew Barton "Banjo" Paterson The Man from Snowy River * 1890 Andrew Barton "Banjo" Paterson The Man from Snowy River	WIKI
Blue hole From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Blue hole (disambiguation). The Great Blue Hole, located near Ambergris Caye, Belize Dean's Blue Hole, Long Island, Bahamas Watling's Blue Hole, San Salvador Island, Bahamas A blue hole is a large marine cavern or sinkhole, which is open to the surface and has developed in a bank or island composed of a carbonate bedrock (limestone or coral reef). Blue holes typically contain tidally-influenced water of fresh, marine, or mixed chemistry. They extend below sea level for most of their depth and may provide access to submerged cave passages.[1] Well-known examples can be found in South China Sea (Dragon Hole), Belize, the Bahamas, Guam, Australia (in the Great Barrier Reef), and Egypt (in the Red Sea). Blue holes are distinguished from cenotes in that the latter are inland voids usually containing fresh groundwater rather than seawater. Description[edit] Blue holes are roughly circular, steep-walled depressions, and so named for the dramatic contrast between the dark blue, deep waters of their depths and the lighter blue of the shallows around them. Their water circulation is poor, and they are commonly anoxic below a certain depth; this environment is unfavorable for most sea life, but nonetheless can support large numbers of bacteria. The deep blue color is caused by the high transparency of water and bright white carbonate sand. Blue light is the most enduring part of the spectrum; other parts of the spectrum—red, yellow, and finally green—are absorbed during their path through water, but blue light manages to reach the white sand and return upon reflection. The deepest blue hole in the world at 300.89 meters (987 feet) deep is in the South China Sea and is named the Dragon Hole, or Longdong.[2] The 2nd deepest blue hole in the world with underwater entrance at 202 metres (663 ft) is Dean's Blue Hole, located in a bay west of Clarence Town on Long Island, Bahamas. Other blue holes are about half that depth at around 100–120 metres (330–390 ft). The diameter of the top entrance ranges typically from 25–35 metres (82–115 ft) (Dean's Blue Hole) to 300 metres (980 ft) (Great Blue Hole in Belize). Information[edit] Blue holes formed during past ice ages, when sea level was as much as 100–120 metres (330–390 ft) lower than at present. At those times, these formations were targets of the same erosion from rain and chemical weathering common in all limestone-rich terrains; this ended once they were submerged at the end of the ice age. Most blue holes contain freshwater and saltwater. The halocline is the point in these blue holes where the freshwater meets the saltwater and where a corrosive reaction takes place that eats away at the rock. Over time this can create side passages, or horizontal "arms", that extend from the vertical cave. These side passages can be quite long; e.g., over 600 metres (2,000 ft) in the case of the Sawmill Sink in the Bahamas. Occurrence[edit] Blue holes are typically found on shallow carbonate platforms, exemplified by the Bahama Banks, as well as on and around the Yucatán Peninsula, such as at the Great Blue Hole at Lighthouse Reef Atoll, Belize. Many deep spring basins formed by karst processes and located inland also are called blue holes, for example, Blue Hole (Castalia) in Ohio. Life forms[edit] Many different fossils have been discovered that indicate the type of life forms that existed in blue holes. Other life forms such as marine life and marine fossils have also been noticed; Crocodile and tortoise fossils,[3] for instance, have been found in blue holes. See also[edit] References[edit] Inline citations[edit] 1. ^ Mylroie, J. E., Carew, J. L., and Moore, A. I., (1995), Blue Holes: Definition and Genesis: Carbonates and Evaporites, v. 10, no. 2, p. 225. 2. ^ http://www.livescience.com/55568-deepest-blue-hole-in-south-china-sea.html 3. ^ Keen, Cathy (December 3, 2007). "Fossils excavated from Bahamian blue hole may give clues of early life.". University of Florida. Retrieved April 24, 2016. General references[edit] [1] External links[edit]	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Page:Royalnavyhistory01clow.djvu/572 and statements seems to indicate that the naval portion of the fleet was composed and officered as follows: — "Some of her Majesty's small pinnaces" also "attended the fleet." To the whole force was added a Dutch squadron of ten men-of-war under the command of Admiral van Duijvenvoorde. The fleet sailed on July 9th, 1597, from Plymouth, but it met	WIKI
Skip to main content Deploy Vue, React front-end projects foreword In the past, we had several ways to deploy Vue,React front-end projects： • After the project is packaged, the dist directory is generated, placed in nginx, and the corresponding access configuration is performed. • Package the project into tomcat. • Put the static and index.html files in the packaged dist directory of the project into the resources directory of the springboot project • Run a front-end server directly, similar to local development. DeployingVue React projects in Rainbond also uses the first method, automaticallybuildaccording to the source code, and automatically puts static files into nginx after packaging. • Deploying Vue React project in Rainbond has the following three specifications： 1. Rainbond will identifyVue Reactfront-end projects according to whether there are nodestatic.json and package.json files in the source code root directory. 1. One of the following two files must exist in the source code root directory (cannot exist at the same time)： • package-lock.json When this file exists, Rainbond builds with the npm package manager by default. • yarn.lock When this file exists, Rainbond is built using the yarn package manager. 2. The file web.conf needs to exist in the root directory of the source code, which is the configuration file ofnginx.Without this file, Rainbond uses the default configuration. Before Rainbond deploys its own Vue and React projects, you need to check whether the project is available： • Clean up all dependencies of localnode_modules, can you usenpm run buildor other commands to package successfully. Next, use this Vue projecthttps://gitee.com/zhangbigqi/RuoYi-Vue.git to demonstrate, Fork open source project Ruoyi 1.1 Add nodestatic.json file Create a file nodestatic.json in the source code root directory and fill in the following content. This file specifies the output directory of static files after compilation. Generally, Vue projects are packaged and output to the project root directorydistby default. { "path": "dist" } If your project is packaged and the directory output is not the project root directory, but a folder in the root directory, such as：project/dist, you need to modify thenodestatic.jsonfile { "path": "project/dist" } 1.2 Add web.conf file After the project is compiled, Rainbond will use Nginx (1.14.2) by default to run the front-end project.Users can add web.conf file in the source code root directory to specify the configuration of Nginx. The function of this file is to define runtime parameters.Without this file, Rainbond uses the default configuration.The reference configuration use case is as follows： By default, all files in the packaged distdirectory will be placed in the container's/app/www server { listen 5000; location / { root /app/www; try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; index index.html index.htm; } } With the above files, you can build Vue and React projects in Rainbond 1.3 Source code deployment Vue project This time I use the Vue project for demonstration, and the same is true for the React project. Source address of this projecthttps://gitee.com/zhangbigqi/RuoYi-Vue.git Fork open source project Ruoyi 1.3.1 Create components based on source code • Fill in the source code warehouse address, fill in the front sub directory ruoyi-ui, and build the Vue project vue-1 • Confirm the creation of the component, the platform will automatically recognize the language as Nodestatic. vue-2 • Create and wait for the build component to complete. By default, the domestic npm Taobao source is used, which can be viewed in the component build source • This open source project is special. The default packaging command is notnpm run build, butnpm run build:prod. You need to modify the build command in component > build sourceto this command. The default packaging commands in Rainbond are npm run build, yarn run build • After modification, rebuild it until it is complete, just visit the page.✌️ common problem • After the deployment is complete, visit page403for the following reasons： 1. The packaging was unsuccessful, resulting in an incomplete product. Check the build log carefully to confirm the cause of the error.Or delete all dependent packages locally and re-verify that the project can be built normally. 1. The packaging path is incorrectly defined, so that the Rainbond build process cannot obtain the built static files. Refer to Section 1.1 above to correctly configure the project packaging path.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Namespaces Variants Views Actions std::malloc From cppreference.com < cpp‎ \| memory‎ \| c Defined in header <cstdlib> void* malloc( std::size_t size ); Allocates size bytes of uninitialized storage. If allocation succeeds, returns a pointer to the lowest (first) byte in the allocated memory block that is suitably aligned for any object type. If size is zero, the behavior is implementation defined (null pointer may be returned, or some non-null pointer may be returned that may not be used to access storage) Contents [edit] Parameters size - number of bytes to allocate [edit] Return value Pointer to the beginning of newly allocated memory or null pointer if error has occurred. The pointer must be deallocated with std::free(). [edit] Notes This function does not call constructors or initialize memory in any way. Thus preferred method of memory allocation is new expression. [edit] Example #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> int main() { // Allocate an array of 4 integers int array = static_cast<int >(std::malloc(4 * sizeof(int))); if (array != nullptr) { for (int arrayIdx = 0; arrayIdx < 4; ++arrayIdx) { array[arrayIdx] = 2 * ( arrayIdx + 1 ); } for (int arrayIdx = 0; arrayIdx < 4; ++arrayIdx) { std::cout << "Array item " << ( arrayIdx + 1 ) << " = " << array[arrayIdx] << '\n'; } std::free(array); } } Possible output: Array item 1 = 2 Array item 2 = 4 Array item 3 = 6 Array item 4 = 8 [edit] See also allocation functions (function) [edit] obtains uninitialized storage (function template) [edit] C documentation for malloc	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Recession fears recede in boost to Trump \| TheHill After a summer dip, consumer spending has roared back to life heading into the holiday shopping season, giving the stock market a boost and fending off recession fears with less than a year until the 2020 elections. The improving economic picture could be a boon for President TrumpDonald John TrumpStates slashed 4,400 environmental agency jobs in past decade: study Biden hammers Trump over video of world leaders mocking him Iran building hidden arsenal of short-range ballistic missiles in Iraq: report MORE, who has made the economy a central argument for his reelection. Recent economic data stands in contrast to just a few months ago, when economists were worried that consumer spending would be the next shoe to drop after manufacturing hit a slump and as investment was in the midst of contracting. The tumultuous summer was also marred by a rocky stock market, escalating trade tensions with China and repeated warning signs from the bond market that a recession could be on the 2020 horizon. By the time fall rolled around, analysts were forecasting flat or even decreasing sales for Halloween, a further sign of declining consumer sentiment. But sales beat expectations, raising prospects for the all-important holiday shopping season. “Consumers are in good financial shape and willing to spend a little more on gifts for the special people in their lives this holiday season,” said National Retail Federation President and CEO Matthew Shay. Consumer confidence has also bounced back, according to a daily tracking poll by Morning Consult. The survey found consumer sentiment on the rise for four consecutive weeks, with Americans feeling better about how the economy is doing right now and where it is headed. “Consumers are finally acknowledging that consistent — albeit moderate — wage inflation and steady job gains combined with subdued price inflation have made them financially better off than they were 12 months ago,” Morning Consult wrote in an analysis of the polling data. Wall Street analysts have seen signs of optimism in other parts of the economy as well. A recession forecast model from S&P Global lowered expectations of a downturn in the coming year. "Our recession model, which is based on key financial market indicators up to mid-November, indicates that the probability of a U.S. recession starting in the coming 12 months has moved down to 30 percent. The probability of recession risk based on this model was 35 percent in August," said Beth Ann Bovino, the company’s chief U.S. economist. The economic news is likely to benefit Trump. Despite the effects of his ongoing trade war with China and criticism over the high cost and uneven benefit of the 2017 tax-cut law, the economy has proven resilient. And Trump has taken notice. “Another new Stock Market Record. Enjoy!” he tweeted Monday as markets notched further gains. But not all aspects of the economy are surging. Economists expect growth to slow for 2019 overall. Forecasts from the Conference Board estimated that gross domestic product would expand 2.3 percent this year and then 1.9 percent in 2020 after last year's 2.9 percent growth — all below the 3 percent growth Trump promised on the campaign trail. Trump has also yet to finalize even a preliminary deal with China to scale back the trade war. There are also doubts that a more substantial second round is possible. But with consumers feeling buoyant — low unemployment and wages showing signs of growth — the economic winds are at Trump's back heading into 2020. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 \| 202-628-8500 tel \| 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Expression patterns of chondrocyte genes cloned by differential display in tibial dyschondroplasia David Jefferies, Brian Houston, Douglas H. Lester, C. C. Whitehead, B. H. Thorp, M. Botman, Colin Farquharson Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review 25 Citations (Scopus) Abstract Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) appears to involve a failure of the growth plate chondrocytes within growing long bones to differentiate fully to the hypertrophic stage, resulting in a mass of prehypertrophic chondrocytes which form the avascular TD lesion. Many biochemical and molecular markers of chondrocyte hypertrophy are absent from the lesion, or show reduced expression, but the cause of the disorder remains to be identified. As differentiation to the hypertrophic state is impaired in TD, we hypothesised that chondrocyte genes that are differentially expressed in the growth plate should show altered expression in TD. Using differential display, four genes, B-cadherin, EF2, HT7 and Ex-FABP were cloned from chondrocytes stimulated to differentiate to the hypertrophic stage in vitro, and their differential expression confirmed in vivo. Using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, the expression patterns of these genes were compared in chondrocytes from normal and TD growth plates. Surprisingly, none of these genes showed the pattern of expression that might be expected in TD lesion chondrocytes, and two of them, B-cadherin and Ex-FABP, were upregulated in the lesion. This indicates that the TD phenotype does not merely reflect the absence of hypertrophic marker genes, but may be influenced by more complex developmental mechanisms/defects than previously thought. Original languageEnglish Pages (from-to)180-188 Number of pages9 JournalBiochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease Volume1501 Issue number2-3 Early online date31 May 2000 DOIs Publication statusPublished - 15 Jun 2000 Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Expression patterns of chondrocyte genes cloned by differential display in tibial dyschondroplasia'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. Cite this	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Frank Reagan Francis Xavier Reagan (July 28, 1919 – November 20, 1972) was an American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator. He played professionally for the New York Giants and the Philadelphia Eagles during a seven-season National Football League (NFL) career that spanned from 1941 to 1951. Reagan served as the head football coach at Villanova University from 1954 to 1959, compiling a record of 16–36. He was also Villanova's athletic director from 1957 to 1961. Early life and playing career Born in Philadelphia, Reagan was a star quarterback and defensive back at Northeast Catholic High School and led the team to championships in 1935 and 1936. He was voted 1st Team All-Scholastic by the Philadelphia Bulletin in his senior year. Reagan then played college football at the University of Pennsylvania. Standing 5'11" and 182 lbs., Reagan was a varsity player during George Munger's first three seasons as head coach of the Penn Quakers, from 1938 to 1940. Reagan's 135 points scored is still ninth all-time in UPenn history and his 103 points scored as a senior is the second most in one season in over 120 years of Penn football. Reagan had one of the great individual performances of all time against Princeton on October 19, 1940, rushing for 200 yards, scoring five touchdowns and 31 points in a 46–28 victory at Franklin Field. In a game at Michigan in 1938, Reagan was responsible for 356 total yards, rushing for 85, passing for 188, returning kickoffs for 82 and punts for 21. Reagan was named a 1st Team All-American Back for the 1940 season. A captain of both the football and baseball teams, he was awarded the 1941 "Class of 1915 Award" as that member of the senior class who, "most closely approaches the ideal University of Pennsylvania student-athlete". Sportswriter Grantland Rice called him "one of the two best running backs in college football", the other being Heisman Trophy winner Tom Harmon of the University of Michigan. Reagan was drafted in the third round of the 1941 NFL Draft by the New York Giants. After an outstanding rookie season his pro career was interrupted by his military service during World War II. Upon returning to the NFL he led the league in interceptions in 1947. He was traded to the Eagles after the 1948 season and was a big factor in helping the Eagles repeat as NFL Champions in 1949. He played starting safety and recorded seven interceptions. He also punted for a 45-yard average and returned punts for 12.7 yards per return and one touchdown. During his pro career Reagan averaged 40.9 yards on 224 career punts. He finished his NFL career in 1951 with 35 interceptions, which led all of football before former teammate Emlen Tunnell passed him the following year. He also scored six touchdowns on offense and threw a touchdown pass. Coaching and administrative career, later life, honors Following his retirement as a player and a brief tenure as an assistant coach of the Eagles, Reagan went on to become head coach at Villanova University in 1954. He stayed in that position until 1959. He remained the school's athletic director until 1961 when he went into partnership in an insurance brokerage firm in Norristown, Pennsylvania. Reagan died of complications of lung cancer at age 53 in 1972. He is enshrined in both the Northeast Catholic HS Hall of Fame and the University of Pennsylvania Hall of Fame. In 2000, Philadelphia Daily News sports writer Ted Silary named Reagan as the best Philadelphia area born punter of the 20th century.	WIKI
Taagepera Castle Taagepera Castle (German name: Wagenküll) is a mansion in Taagepera village, Helme Parish, Valga County, Estonia. It was registered as a national cultural monument on 27 September 1999. History The first recorded mention of the mansion dates to the 16th century. During the Polish rule and Swedish rule of Estonia, the mansion belonged to the Rehbinder family. In 1674, it was sold to the Swedish major Otto von Stackelberg. In 1819, the almost bankrupt mansion was sold to Bernhard Heinrich von Stryk (1746–1829), who married Anna Elisabeth von Oetting (1763–1825) in 1782. The last owner of the mansion was his great-grandson Hugo von Stryk, who lost the mansion in the 1919 land reform. Mansion house The current mansion house was built in 1907 to an Art Nouveau design by the German architect Otto Wildau. The western corner of the house includes a 40-metre tall tower. Because of the large size of the mansion house, it is commonly called a castle. After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the mansion house was converted into a sanatorium. In the late 1930s, a new sanatorium building was added, designed by the architect Alar Kotli. The mansion house served as a sanatorium until 2000; since 2002 it has been a hotel. In mid-2018 it reopened after renovations as Castle Wagenküll Spa Hotel. Graveyard In the late 19th century, a family graveyard was constructed near the mansion house. Among those buried there are: * Katharina Mathilde von Stryk (née Rogge), born 15 July 1815 – died 13 April 1892 * Bernhard Heinrich Konstantin von Stryk, born 29 July 1827 – died 5 January 1912 Postage stamps In 1933, Eesti Post designed a series of four stamps with an anti-tuberculosis theme, of which the blue/red 10-cent stamp and the dark blue/red 20-cent stamp depict the Taagepera mansion house (at that time a sanatorium). A new stamp depicting the Taagepera mansion house was issued in 2006.	WIKI
Order of the New Templars The Order of the New Templars – Ordo Novi Templi was a proto-fascist secret society in Germany founded by Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels (the code name of Fascist agitator Adolf Joseph Lanz) in 1900. Lanz used this order to spread his ideas, which he initially referred to as "theozoology" or "Ario-Christianity" and from 1915 as "Ariosophy". The order combined esoteric piety with concepts of racial "science" and eugenics, which were modern at the time. It was modelled after the Catholic military order of the Knights Templar and was similar in its hierarchical structure to the Order of Cistercians which had trained the New Templars founder, Adolf Lanz. Lanz's goal was to bring right-wing extremists in post-World War I Germany together and mobilise them in opposition to liberal society. Members used code names to hinder any chance of betrayals. The order would later provide support to the rise of Nazism. Lanz was the ideologist and political agitator of the group, justifying violence by punishments such as castration in order to establish Fascism in Germany and defend it against communism. Lanz intended the organization to put an end to the racial conflict between the supposedly higher-bred "master class" and lower-bred "animal people" and to enforce it by force "up to the castration knife" (Lanz). Lanz's ideas should allow the upper class and imperialist groups to justify "any exploitation". Specifically, "the enslavement" of the population was to be reintroduced and this rule by "the emasculation" of be enforced by those who think differently. Women should be called "slaves" and "breeding mothers" serve. The right-wing extremist and anti-Semite Nivard Schlögl trained and radicalized Lanz. Lanz had left the Cistercian order shortly before and tied the naming of his own order to the medieval Templar Order. His interest in the Templars was awakened by the contemporary popular motif of the Knights of the Grail in the neo-romantic music and literature of Richard Wagner, Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer, and Friedrich Lienhard. In addition, the Templars were closely connected with the Cistercians; Bernhard von Clairvaux, the founder of the Cistercian order, had also written the monastic rules of the Templars and later praised them for their use in the crusades. Around the time of his order's founding, Lanz developed into a determined racist, who saw in the Aryans as the supreme race, which since time immemorial has been in a defensive struggle against lower races. Against this background, he conceived the idea that the Templars had the goal of establishing an Aryan empire across the entire Mediterranean area. He interpreted the persecution of the Templars from 1312 as a triumph of racially inferior people whose aim was to undermine the rule and purity of the Aryan race. In addition, he was convinced that the Catholic Church had been suppressing true Christian teaching since that time, as the core of which he regarded his ideas of a racial struggle. He therefore saw his own order as a new beginning of the crusade against lower races that had been interrupted for centuries. In 1907 Lanz acquired the ruins of the small Werfenstein Castle near Grein in Upper Austria as the priory of the Order. In the same year he published a program of the Order, in which he described it as an association of Aryans whose aims were to promote racial consciousness through genealogical and heraldic research, beauty pageants, and to promote the establishment of racially exemplary states in underdeveloped regions of the world. For the order he developed his own liturgy and ceremonies. The rules of the order stipulated that only blonde and blue-eyed men were allowed to join, who also had to meet other Aryan criteria, which Lanz described in his series of publications Ostara. A hierarchy was established within the order based on (supposed) racial purity. On Christmas Day 1907, Lanz hoisted two flags on the tower of his Order's headquarters: one with the coat of arms of the von Liebenfels family, an aristocratic family that presumably died out around 1790 and that he claimed to be descendants of, and one with a swastika, which was already a popular Volkish symbol. From 1908, public festivals were held at Werfenstein. Several hundred guests traveled by steamboat on the Danube, where the castle is located, and were greeted with cannon shots, after which they celebrated extensively in the castle courtyard. This found great resonance in the national press and stimulated interest in Lanz's publications. Lanz continued to work on the ceremonies and composed devotional songs and verses. The castle was decorated with solemn representations of Hugues de Payens, the first Grand Master of the Templars, and with representations of the "monkeys" who, in his theozoology, were regarded as the origin of the lower races. In 1915 and 1916 a New Templar Breviary was published in two parts, which Lanz had written with other friars. It contained psalms and hymns that drew on Christian tradition but supplicated Christ to redeem the Aryan race and wipe out the lower races. Their symbol was a yellow flag with a swastika and four fleurs-de-lys. The golden background symbolized eternity, the lilies racial purity, and the red swastika the rising Aryan hero.	WIKI
Online MMJ Sacramento Haven’t Got Your MMJ Card Renewal? Try CBD Meanwhile. MMJ Card Renewal Haven’t Got Your MMJ Card Renewal? Try CBD Meanwhile. Even though getting your MMJ card renewal with us will only take you a couple of minutes. If you are not sure if you’ll be able to go to a dispensary or if they’ll be able to come to you, CBD is a good option to try out in the meantime. Hemp-derived CBD is actually legal throughout the United States and these days is practically found in each and every possible thing. Yes, this molecule has forever been found in cannabis but at the advent of the rise of cannabis and the passing of the Farm Bill of 2018. This is legal across the country barring one technicality- it needs to be derived from hemp and not cannabis. The classification of the hemp plant itself states that it needs to have less than 0.3% THC or it becomes a marijuana plant. So, you can easily get CBD delivered to your house even in the absence of an MMJ card. If the CBD is hemp-derived, you should have no issues in getting it for yourself. There is no requirement for a medical marijuana card to buy a hemp-based CBD product. There has been a drastic rise in the number of CBD products in the market. If it is not something that you have considered before, we have compiled a list of things you need to know about CBD before you make a purchase Will CBD Get Me High? When you are dealing with cannabis in any form, one of the first things that you will hear will be about the effects of feeling high. What this refers to is the effects of THC, which leaves you with nice euphoric feelings. CBD is the counterpoint to this. CBD helps you keep a clear head while still imparting most of the positive effects of the plant. These include pain relief and relaxation. Even though CBD works really well, there can still be trace amounts of THC in the end product which is why you need to get a third-party analysis for the product you are about to buy. Things to Look For in a CBD Product You will find that most products available in the market contain CBD that is derived from hemp. Your goal at every point should be to try and get the best quality product available to you. After all, you are going to consume the product in a very direct manner. So, it does not hurt to do a thorough analysis of the product that you are about to purchase. Whenever you are about to buy a CBD product, you need to look at the following aspects on the product label. The Source The first step is always to double-check the source of the CBD oil. Hemp-derived CBD oil (do not confuse it with hemp seed oil) is sourced from something known as Cannabis Sativa L, better known as hemp flowers. Another thing that you should look for is the origin of the product as the farmer needs to be certified by the state’s department of agriculture. The Manufacturing Method When it comes to the manufacturing of the products, you need to be careful about the manufacturing technique being employed. As oftentimes low-cost products can be using extremely questionable methods to get the finished product. You are looking at methods like whole plant infusion when you are looking at the process. The MG Count Always check how many milligrams of CBD are there in a product. You do not want to end up paying an exorbitant amount for a jar full of coconut or olive oil. That best option budget-wise is to invest in a 30 ML tincture that has about 900mg of CBD, it should be effective. Testing I cannot stress enough how important it is to look at the testing protocol applied to figure out what is in your CBD oil. Third-party testing is what is the difference between a good product and a lower quality fare in the market. Reports not only tell you what the Milligram of CBD is in the product but also if there are any heavy metals or pesticides present in the oil. How is CBD Oil Made? CBD oil is made from extracting CBD compounds from either hemp or cannabis. Then this extract is added to a carrier, which can be any oil; the usual suspects are olive and coconut oil. You can further bifurcate this into three different types of oil. Full-Spectrum CBD Oil This has a full chest of compounds locked into it. No isolation of compounds takes place, and whatever cannabinoids grace the plant’s profile end up in the oil. This means THC, CBD, and every terpene). Broad- Spectrum CBD Oil There is a certain amount of refinement that has happened when you are going in for a broad spectrum of CBD oil. This has the compounds and terpenes with the exclusion of THC. CBD There is just CBD and nothing else. No compounds, no terpenes, nothing. CBD can be a real help, all you need to do is try it out for your condition once and I’m sure you will not be disappointed and Of course you can always return to medication once you get your MMJ card renewal. Exit mobile version	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
User:Danorop Hello everyone! My name is David, I'm a Media Culture Master student at Maastricht University	WIKI
Kasher (surname) Kasher (hebrew: כשר) is a Hebrew surname meaning "fit" and in the common context, fit for consumption by Jews according to traditional Jewish law. It may refer to: * Tim Kasher – an American musician * Aryeh Kasher – an Israeli history emeritus professor * Asa Kasher – an Israeli philosopher and linguist * Menachem Mendel Kasher – a Polish-born rabbi * Moshe Kasher – American comedian and actor * Joe Kasher – English footballer	WIKI
Talk:Armenian genocide reparations =This article has been nominated for deletion= Articles for deletion/Demands for Armenian Genocide reparations --Hittit (talk) 20:41, 11 May 2010 (UTC) The name "Demands for Armenian Genocide reparations" I don't know how to change the name of the article or link other names to it, but I thought of "Armenian Genocide reparation issue". On the Genocide part I made it very short to refer to this article "Armenian Genocide reparations", but for a wider article it isn't enough I think. What can you propose? Aregakn (talk) 07:08, 12 May 2010 (UTC) * The reason why I named it this way instead of merely "Armenian Genocide reparations" is that reparations have not yet been granted by Turkey, only a few insurance companies did it. If there are other ways to name this article, there's no problem. --Davo88 (talk) 07:27, 12 May 2010 (UTC) * Right! And this is why I mentioned, I wouldn't have the title that way on a separate article and proposed an other title: "Armenian Genocide reparation issue" or could be "The issue of the Armenian Genocide reparation". The reparation issue as a generalised understanding can refer to all the issues: legal, moral, state, insurance etc. alike. The problem is, as far as I feel it, expression "Demands for" is not good for a title and for representing the whole complexity of the subject. Do you see what I mean? Aregakn (talk) 19:19, 12 May 2010 (UTC) * Yeah maybe we can call it "Armenian Genocide reparations issue". Though I noticed that there exists an article called Reparations for slavery and it's also about reparations that have not yet been granted. --Davo88 (talk) 15:51, 13 May 2010 (UTC) * Then it could be without "issue": "Reparations for the Armenian Genocide". Even if other articles are good to be noted, but it would not be correct in our context (genocide, loss of real estate and other property, the land etc), even if it speaks of unmade reparations. Slavery is a lot different than that. And also here are much more issues to be addressed and solved than in the slavery case. Nobody denies it, nobody opposes it etc. There is an other idea that came to my mind. Maybe not "Armenian Genocide reparations' issue" but "The Armenian Genocide reparation issues" marking that there are several issues to be adressed. This is also what is described in the Article (insurances, moral, cultural, property, other finances, the loss of motherland etc.). What say you? Aregakn (talk) 17:13, 13 May 2010 (UTC) I doubt that calling it "Armenian Genocide reparations issues" would be grammatically correct. In this context, "issue" is like "question", as in the question of Armenian Genocide reparations. You don't need to write it in plural form because those words already show that there are several things (ex: demands) that have to be addressed. Writing it in singular form is good enough. Right? --Davo88 (talk) 00:24, 18 May 2010 (UTC) * Well, the word "issue" can mean but is not limited to the understanding of "question". When we are naming it "issues" we therefor have to concentrate on what issues are connected to the reparation question. Thus if we name the article "issues" there have to be problems, questions ISSUES connected to the reparation. If we name it "issue" the information concentration has to be the one issue of Turkey's (and maybe other involved sides') reparation and not that much on the issues connected "how, what, why". * 1) issues = issues connected to the reparation * 2) issue = the issue of reparation by Turkey * But surely the word "demands" cannot stay as it doesn't reflect the real subject of the article, it is difficult for search and doesn't sound encyclopedic (I think). Aregakn (talk) 21:10, 18 May 2010 (UTC) Proposing new titles/names and redirects * I would like to propose the name "Armenian Genocide reparations' issue" and redirects from "Armenian Genocide reparations", "Armenian Genocide reparation", "reparations for the Armenian Genocide", "reparation for the Armenian Genocide", "Reparations for Armenian Genocide" and "Reparation for Armenian Genocide". Can you please express your opinions? Aregakn (talk) 21:19, 20 May 2010 (UTC) * I support this new title. As for the renaming: click on the arrow after the star on top of the article page and see "move". Sardur (talk) 21:31, 20 May 2010 (UTC) * I am not a native speaker, so my opinion may have limited use, but as far as I see from search results for the similar Holocaust topic, the "Holocaust Reparations" is very common. By analogy, I would suggest "Armenian Genocide Reparations". For Turkish readers, there can also be a redirect from "Reparations for Alleged Armenian Genocide", and thus everybody must be happy with the very neutrral point of view. Rokarudi --Rokarudi 11:26, 21 May 2010 (UTC) * The issue is a bit different from the Holocaust reparations. As the Genocide has not yet been accepted by Turkey and no reparations by it or other involved party offered/made, the name as simple as that would not represent the meaning of the article. The term "issue" together with "reparationS" was used to project, that there are issues the article describes. What would your comment be about that? Aregakn (talk) 16:26, 21 May 2010 (UTC) * Either Armenian Genocide reparations' issue, or Armenian Genocide reparations is just fine with me. -- Davo88 (talk) 19:12, 21 May 2010 (UTC) Do we have a consensus? Can we state, that we have a consensus on "Armenian Genocide reparations" as title? Aregakn (talk) 20:32, 21 May 2010 (UTC) * agree to "Armenian Genocide Reparations" with all redirects mentioned by Aregakn. Rokarudi's point about a redirect from "alledged", though understandable, but is anacceptable a this is only a turkish bias. It can be mximum in the turkish Wiki, though still anacceptable. Bringing the example of Holocaust I wonder if he checked if there is any such link to Holocaust to keep, as he chose to name it, a neutral point of view for whoever doesn't accept the fact of Holocaust. IsmailAhmedov (talk) 03:18, 22 May 2010 (UTC) ✅ the page was moved to "Armenian Genocide reparations" with redirects from most possible searches. Please create redirects from pages that you think will be searched and are appropriate. Aregakn (talk) 08:28, 23 May 2010 (UTC) Conference in Ankara Davo88, there is something lacking in it. I mean there is little context to be a sub-paragraph. Maybe there can be conclusions or anoncements the participants made, or maybe comments of others about the conference? Pls consider as I have little info about it. Aregakn (talk) 11:58, 13 May 2010 (UTC) * I just had an idea to make the subject more generalised and to have sub-divisions like "Conference in Ankara". I made the paragraph not to be included in the "recent developments" but be a separate section about local and international conferences. What do you, guys, think? Aregakn (talk) 12:36, 13 May 2010 (UTC) * I don't know, I think there have not been enough conferences where reparations are discussion, so that it constitutes a section of its own, that 's why I left it under Recent developments. --Davo88 (talk) 15:47, 13 May 2010 (UTC) * Yet not many, but arecoming. There are some "Lectures" of Professors that can be included in this section. It's a "monologue-conferance" I'd call it :). The title can be changed accordingly. Aregakn (talk) 16:55, 13 May 2010 (UTC) * Davo, the problem is, that recent developments are to be always edited. for instance, how do they become non-recent? And if so, where are you going to put them? DO you see what I mean? Aregakn (talk) 16:36, 17 May 2010 (UTC) They could simply stay in that section. Just look at the Recent developments section of the Recognition of the Armenian Genocide page. I'm even wondering if the subtitles should be removed in order to make it look like the Recognition page. --Davo88 (talk) 17:10, 17 May 2010 (UTC) * Nope! Reparations question is a separate issue from the recent developments. Maybe in this article there should be more specifically mentioned the recent developments for reparations and not for others. Let us say, the legal reparations by the state are not the recent Insurance activities. * And I do think that we have to separate the conferences from the insurance-related activities. The insurance issue is not much relevent to the legal reparations by the state. Aregakn (talk) 20:52, 18 May 2010 (UTC) * By the way, it is not necessary to have more information to make the "conferences" separate. They can be added in the future. It is like not making links to wikipedia articles that don't exist yet. Vice-versa, it might help somebody having the relevant information to add to it. Aregakn (talk) 22:42, 18 May 2010 (UTC) * Why did you create a conferences section? I put it under recent developments because it was the first time that the issue was discussed in Turkey, I see it as some kind of a major breakthrough, not just like some random conference among Armenians in North America or Europe which aren't necessarily worth being discussed in the article...--Davo88 (talk) 02:16, 19 May 2010 (UTC) * I do not really understand what you are trying to say with "just like some random conference among Armenians.." and especially that aren't worth to be mentioning. What I know is, that the important international or local discussions, consultations, conferences, seminars even lectures worth being mentioned should be in the article. I do believe, that for the process of reparations these kind of activities are important and do really constitute something more for it, rather than "a recent development". In them can also be pictured the discussions about the Armenian-Turkish protocols and issues risng from it, how some of them, that are connected to the reparations, legal and/or political issues of history and many other cases. I do not see why the Conference in Ankara seems less important for you under a major title "Conferences and (whatever)" than it does when being one of the, so called, "Recent developments". Aregakn (talk) 04:00, 19 May 2010 (UTC) * I do agree with you that the Ankara conference is important, and what I was trying to say is that it is more important than another conference that may someday take place elsewhere in the World. That's why I don't think we can group any such conferences with the Ankara conference, which I think is a unique one. --Davo88 (talk) 04:10, 19 May 2010 (UTC) Hmm... but can you tell me why do you predict the future and why would you mark this conference more important than any possible? Is it that Turkey said the reparations should be granted on that conference or something? Aregakn (talk) 04:59, 19 May 2010 (UTC) * Well, in reality, creating countless sections and subsections would only just entangle the article. The important is the text anyway. --Davo88 (talk) 05:04, 19 May 2010 (UTC) Merge result ❌ This article has been discussed for to be merged to the article Armenian Genocide and the result was not to merge. The details can be found on the talk:Armenian Genocide. Aregakn (talk) 12:15, 5 June 2010 (UTC) Proposing this article for deletion In my view this article is Original Research (among others) and qualifies for deletion, before proposing neutral 3rd party view is desirable, preferable by admin. regards --Hittit (talk) 13:07, 6 June 2010 (UTC) NPOV In my opinion the move from "Demands for Armenian Genocide reparations" to "Armenian Genocide reparations" makes it much more difficult to write an NPOV article. The new name for the article has more of a bias than the old name. This is reflected through the article which reads as is compensation should be paid because there is some sort of universal agreement that this should be done. Because the name "Armenian Genocide" is embedded in a descriptive title it implies that this article is a discussion about reparation for a genocide. Yet there is no evidence given in the article that any reparation paid to date are for an act of genocide and not for crimes against humanity and other crimes, or simply paid because the person died and received money through entitlement under the usual terms of a life insurance policy. Take for example the very first paragraph: Armenian Genocide reparations refer to the restitutions for the damage caused on the Armenian nation due to the Genocide of 1915 committed by Ottoman Empire. Those could be of financial, estate or territorial nature alike, and may be claimed individually or collectively as well as by the State. The issue has yet to be addressed by the perpetrators. The first sentence states that this article only deals with restitutions for genocide. Why only genocide and not financial compensation to the descendants of ethnic cleansing and the massacres? Why does it have to be proven that a genocide has been committed for financial compensation to be paid? Why only killings committed by [servants] of the Ottoman Empire and not all unlawful killings or deaths caused by unlawful actions? For example the AXA cases seem to me to need to be clarified. Did AXA only pay out because the deaths occurred during a genocide, or did they pay out because the deaths were covered by the standard life insurance policy clauses? If the latter then should they be included in this article if this article is only about those killed in a genocide? Likewise what are the reparations demanded in the Banks' case? restoration of property is not reparations. If the cases are not about reparations for genocide given the lead should they be included in this article? The last sentence in the first paragraph of the lead does not seem to me to make sense as the perpetrators are dead and the Ottoman State no longer exists, is it not the descendants of the perpetrators and successor state to the Ottoman Empire who have not addressed the issue? This sentence sums up the POV that riddles the article: "Although reparations have never been granted by Turkey, the increasing recognition of the Armenian Genocide by the international community and so its eventual recognition by Turkey can lay a solid basis for the start of the reparation process" Restitution can be agreed and made whether or not the crimes are defined as crimes against humanity, crimes against the person or genocide. Where is it written that "eventual recognition by Turkey [of the genocide] can lay a solid basis for the start of the reparation process" it could just as easily be done without "recognition by Turkey [of the genocide]" -- PBS (talk) 03:37, 5 June 2010 (UTC) * This is a like some one's thesis work...a subject has bee created from basically nothing, a subject that is pure speculation. And voila now there are "genocide reparations"...what non-sense. The whole thing should be AfD:d --Hittit (talk) 06:45, 5 June 2010 (UTC) * I have deleted the public announcements of Hittit, as usual for him, on article talk-pages. Public announcements on article talk-pages are usual for Hittit. Aregakn (talk) 19:43, 5 June 2010 (UTC) He had done what he said the article worths doing and was clearly proven he was wrong. Now he continues his canvasing again as he did many times. * To PBS: * You are mixing up the whole thing. First of all, the title was dicussed and agreed on by the commnity and you have made no comment on that. If you have a comment about that, then you better have done it in that very discussion and didn't connect it with the content not being NPOV. * Secondly, you are mixing the subject of the article with only some subdivisions of just 1 paragraph of it called "recent developments". It is obvious, that the recent developments are a minor constitute of the article and isn't representing the whole concept. The concept is in other paragraphs. * Thirdly, basing on that the recent developments are not strictly about the reparations for the Genocide and thus claiming the whole article a POV is totally irrelevant. You better find what is POV there to claim it as such. * Fourthly, Genocide is a crime against humanity. I don't understand what the article about reparations for the Armenian Genocide has to do with you putting those terms around. * This article discuss a variety of issues connected to the reparations for Armenian Genocide. and yet I have not seen a single reason for the article to be claimed being only one sided POV. So the tag is put in quite an abusive way and I am going to take it off, until there's a consensus on the issue and understanding, why 1 editor sees it as not in an NPOV. Aregakn (talk) 11:57, 5 June 2010 (UTC) * Aregakn unless Hittit has a topic ban you have no right to remove a comment such as Hittit made (See Talk page guidelines) I suggest strongly you revert this edit, because removing others comments without cause is disruptive. I would not expect Hittit to remove your comments, and you should extend to him/her the same curtsey. -- PBS (talk) 13:27, 5 June 2010 (UTC) * Now putting aside my administrator's hat, You may think that my putting a POV template on the top of the article is not appropriate, but removing a NPOV when there is not a consensus to do so is definitely disruptive. -- PBS (talk) 13:27, 5 June 2010 (UTC) * Thanks to your new section on the merge below, I have just read the comments at Talk:Armenian Genocide. As you knew the content of that section I think what you have written above in the paragraph that starts "This article discuss ..." is disingenuous as you knew of at least two other editors who have raised non NPOV issues over this article. Give that, and you misunderstanding of the legal distinction between genocide and crimes against humanity, please revert you removal of the NPOV template from the top of the article. -- PBS (talk) 13:39, 5 June 2010 (UTC) * I don't think you mean "You are mixing up the whole thing" I think what you mean is "I think you are mixing up the whole thing" or are you making a personal attack? I will assume good faith and assume that you mean the former not the latter. * "First of all, the title was dicussed and agreed on by the commnity and you have made no comment on that." I think "community" is pushing the envelope as I doubt if most of the "community" knew that the discussion was taking place as not RfC or RM was lodged. I have made a comment on it in this section. There is no need to make it in an old section as the initial move has been made. I considered being bold and move it back and lodge an RM but I thought rather than do that I would discuss it first. * "it in that very discussion and didn't connect it with the content not being NPOV" The name of the article --which is a descriptive name -- has NPOV connotations as is shown by the contents of the article. * "Secondly, you are mixing the subject of the article with only some subdivisions of just 1 paragraph" No I spent most of my time talking about the introductory paragraph in the lead. Given that I don't understand you third comment. * I think you are confusing every day usage with legal usage in you fourth comment. If you look at the Rome Statute you will see clearly that there is a distinction in law between crimes against humanity and genocide. (Article 6 is titled Genocide and Article 7 is titled Crimes Against Humanity. I am not suggesting that the Rome Statute is universal law, but it is indicative of the legal difference as it is commonly understood. As a person who is interested in this topic of genocide I am surprised that you did not know this. I hope that now you realise that there is a distinction in law between the two you will now see my comments such as * This sentence sums up the POV that riddles the article: "Although reparations have never been granted by Turkey, the increasing recognition of the Armenian Genocide by the international community and so its eventual recognition by Turkey can lay a solid basis for the start of the reparation process" * with a different understanding. -- PBS (talk) 13:27, 5 June 2010 (UTC) * Ammm..... I guess yet I have seen nothing that claims the article to be a POV. Anything you showed that proves I am wrong? * A very nice try to game the system on personal attacks, PSB, but no, "you are mixing things up" cannot be an attack in any way. And yes, what I tell in the way of opinion is always obviously my opinion. * Considering your plain refusal to get to the point here, on the discussion of the move for Recognition of the Armenian Genocide and Denial of the Armenian Genocide, I will try to assume good faith in you in this discussion too. * As for Hittit, you better have looked into his engagement and permanent canvassing before telling that a comment only representing a claim with no basis, RSs or rules is a wrong-doing. But I can understand your approach to this type of an editor on this subjects. * The tag will be back, but I hope you will show whatis POV in the article in your next message. * As for crimes against humanity, genocide and whatever you try to compare and discuss, they have nothing to do with the article's claim of being a POV. * By the way, if you wish to see the lead, that Genocide is a Crime against Humanity, I can give you the link and your surprise of me not knowing "this" may turn into a delight that I knew it as it turns to be. Of course the CAH is a broader case and genocide is more narrow (a segment) and Crimes Against Humanity were first claimed as a term to describe the Armenian Genocide, but what it has to do with the NPOV? * No PSB, you were talking about the introduction and comparing it with the some sub-divisions of "recent developments" paragraph. In any way, once again, I don't see what is the POV that you claim. * I am surprised you are telling you have just noticed the merge discussion, because it was mentioned right at the bottom of the tag you put here and it is obvious you notices it before you clicked to edit. One other thing surprising in the same issue, is that you were on the talk-page of the Armenian Genocide while the discussion was active. * Please don't mix several things up in 1 discussion, because it is not easy to remember all the subjects you have been commenting at once. Aregakn (talk) 19:28, 5 June 2010 (UTC) And I also truly think you have to suggest Hittit to read how to contribute to talk-pages and not me as almost all the talk he did on these pages have nothing in common with the rule you wish me to read WP:TALK. But I will surely bring back his comment for the sake of truth of who has to follow it and who is warned to do instead. Aregakn (talk) 19:38, 5 June 2010 (UTC) * Two wrongs do not make a right. If you do not think that (s)he has contributed constructively to this talk page then either ignore her/his comments or politely ask for clarification. --PBS (talk) 22:56, 5 June 2010 (UTC) Now back to the content of the article. Let us start with the second sentence first. See my comment above about the perpetrators are they still alive to address the issue. -- PBS (talk) 22:56, 5 June 2010 (UTC) * If that sentence is posing a problem, then it is easy to simply change "perpetrators" to "Turkey" or "the Turkish government". However, you talk of the distinction between genocide and crime against humanity. Genocide is the gravest form of crime against humanity and is indeed what happened to the Armenians in 1915. That other sentence saying that recognition is a precedent for reparations was modified at a certain point in order to make it clearer. Before, it used to only refer to to Turkey's recognition as a precedent for reparations (as stated in the reference book), but now it refers to both Turkey and other states... --Davo88 (talk) 23:57, 5 June 2010 (UTC) * As I pointed out above under international law Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity are distinct. So what is your source for "Genocide is the gravest form of crime against humanity" because according to Dr Larissa van den Herik, an assistant professor in public international law at Leiden University "Genocide and crimes against humanity are of equal gravity, yet everyone feels that genocide is worse and carries an extra stigma," (Caroline Tosh Genocide Acquittal Provokes Legal Debat, TU No 491, Institute for War & Peace Reporting 2 March 2007.) * The problem with the adjustment to the sentence it does not remove the bias for two reasons (1)the Turkish government was not the perpetrator of the crimes it is a successor state to the state that did. (2) There is no coupling between genocide and compensation as the Turkish state or any other institution, or individual, might agree to pay compensation either without admitting guilt for any crime, or by agreeing to pay compensation for other crimes such such as crimes against humanity or for lesser crimes committed through a joint criminal enterprise. This article as it is constituted at the moment is pushing the idea that compensation can only be paid if genocide is proven, which is not supported by law. * There is another point that needs to be raised as well. Just because someone is paid civil damages it does not mean that a crime has been committed. Civil compensation is paid on the probability of culpability which is set at a lower threshold than the evidence for a criminal conviction. See for example of the O._J._Simpson criminal trial for murder (not guilty) and the civil trial for wrongful death (guilty). As it relates to the Armenian genocide, this is explained by Geoffrey Robertson in a legal opinion on the British Governments' position called "Was there an Armenian Genocide?" p. 37 § 87,88. -- PBS (talk) 03:08, 6 June 2010 (UTC) * This website about Rwanda, among others, states that genocide is the gravest form of crime against humanity : http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/rwanda/reports/dsetexhe.html. I do understand your concern, but I doubt that Armenians would settle for compensations for crimes against humanity because it would contradict with the idea that the Armenian genocide has to be recognized for what it is. Besides, there is nobody (Armenian or non-Armenian) that supports compensations because the Armenian genocide is a crime against humanity but because it is genocide. * As for the adjustment to the sentence that I'm proposing, it does not clearly state that the current Republic of Turkey is the perpetrating state even though I say we should replace "perpetrators" by Turkey. It's not as if I'm saying "Turkish perpetrators" or the "perpetrating Turkish government". However, in the sentence we could easily specify that Turkey is the successor state of the Ottoman Empire. Davo88 (talk) 06:29, 6 June 2010 (UTC) * PBS, I didn't see yet anything about a POV. To answer your questions, please read the article and you shall see how, according to the RSs, the reparations relate to the perpetrators, which are at least the Turkish government. The perpetrators personally were granted forgiveness by Ataturk after conviction. So, anyway, let us not make an OR here but concentrate what is a POV. Please represent that the issue of reparations for the Armenian Genocide is a POV only. I am asking this for the 3rd time. Aregakn (talk) 08:08, 6 June 2010 (UTC) * Davo88 it is a matter of expert legal opinion (and web article that is not written by an expert on international law is not expert opinion). Do you have an expert legal opinion that Genocide is legally a crime against humanity. Obviously the actus reus of Genocide will probably include many crimes against humanity, but to be a genocide it also has to have a specific form of mens rea. It is for this reason that some of the Serbian criminals have been found guilty of crimes again humanity but not genocide: see for example Momcilo Krajisnik. It is the genocidal intent to destroy that distinguishes it from crimes against humanity. * As to your comment about "I doubt that Armenians would settle for compensations for crimes against humanity because it would contradict with the idea that the Armenian genocide has to be recognized for what it is" you are putting forward the POV of this article. The evidence from the Bosnian Genocide is that the victims of crimes against humanity are willing to take compensation even if by law most of the ethnic cleansing was not part of a general genocide (See Bosnian Genocide Case and List of Bosnian genocide prosecutions). One would have to have very strong political convictions to refuse compensation merely because of the technical difference in law between a mass murder being a crime against humanity and the lack of evidence to show it was genocide. I think to start to understand the legal differences and nuances around this area of law you need to start to read the ICJ's discussions on the ICTY's findings in the Dusko Tadic case. To invoke the Geneva Conventions, the ICTY had to find that there was an international element to the War in Bosnia. Which it did in the very first trial which was that of Dusko Tadic. The trouble then for the ICJ in the Bosnian Genocide Case to find Serbia not guilty of complicity in genocide it had to explain how the ICTY had not made a mistake in law in declaring that the War involved the Serbian Army, but that the organs of the Serbian state were not complicit in genocide. It is touched on in Bosnian_Genocide * The International Court of Justice veered away from the factual and legal findings of the ICTY Appeals Chamber in the Dusko Tadic case. In the judgment delivered in July 1999, the Appeals Chamber found that the Army of Republika Srpska was "under overall control" of Belgrade and the Yugoslav Army, which meant that they had funded, equipped and assisted in coordination and planning of military operations. Had the International Court of Justice accepted this finding of the Tribunal, Serbia would have been found guilty of complicity in the Srebrenica genocide. Instead it concluded that the Appeals Chamber in the Tadic case "did not attempt to determine the responsibility of a state but individual criminal responsibility". * A serach on the net will throw up further explanations such as this this article. The point is that these are very fine legal points which most people would not be interested and they would be strange people indeed if they refused compensation because of such fine legal points. * Which brings me back to the point that the question of compensation and the question of exactly what was the crime committed are different issues yet this article only presents one point of view. * The Turkish government was not the perpetrator of the crimes it is a successor state to the state that did and from legal perspective. So the second sentence presents a bias and is wrong. * To back up the point of view being presented here many of the sources are one sided and advocating one point of view take for example the first source used Theriault: The Global Reparations Movement and Meaningful Resolution of the Armenian Genocide which is cited five times by the article. Here are two quotes from the article that shows this up: "Those whose people begin with little and who do not enslave or exploit others will remain with little." has Theriault never heard of market economies? This is a line striate out of an old Marxism text book. But that in itself is not the problem the problem lies with this: * While the term 'genocide' had not yet been coined when the 1915 Armenian Genocide was committed, the Convention subsumes relevant pre-existing international laws and agreements, such as the 1899 and 1907 Hague Conventions. Since the genocide was illegal under those conventions, it remains illegal under the 1948 Convention. * This is one point of view but it is probably wrong, as is explained by Telford Taylor one of the prosecutors at the Nuremberg Trials. in this article When people kill a people * In such an analysis, it should be noted that, as far as wartime actions against enemy nationals are concerned, the Genocide Convention added virtually nothing to what was already covered (and had been since the Hague Convention of 1899) by the internationally accepted laws of land warfare, which require an occupying power to respect family honors and rights, individual lives and private property, as well as religious convictions and liberty of the enemy nationals. But the laws of war do not cover, in time of either war or peace, a government's actions against its own nationals (such as Nazi Germany's persecution of German Jews). And at the Nuremberg war crimes trials, the tribunals rebuffed several efforts by the prosecution to bring such domestic atrocities within the scope of international law as crimes against humanity. * Telford Taylor wrote that on 28 March 28 1982 and there are have been developments since then by the international community to bring such atrocities under international law see United Nations Security Council Resolution 1674. But AFAICT the atrocities committed against the Armenian was an internal matter so according to Telford Taylor the provisions of the Hague Conventions do not cover those atrocities. It seems to me that those sentences which cover economics or international by the Henry Theriault article should be re-sourced as Theriault is a philosopher and is no expert in either economics or on international law. * The point of the above paragraphs is to try to show that the way the article is constituted at the moment without including view that say that no compensation is due or that compensation may be due for crimes other than genocide, is to present only one point of view of a subject that has many points of view and at the moment it relies on armature legal sources (not sources written by academic lawyers) and those sources by an large have only one specific one-sided POV. --PBS (talk) 12:24, 8 June 2010 (UTC) * I believe Henry Theriault's text presents not only his opinion, but also that of the Armenian Genocide Reparations Study Group where Alfred De Zayas as well as other experts participate too. I would have loved to go into details and nuances, for example the issue of reparations for crimes against humanity versus reparations for genocide, but there is simply not enough material. You may also take a look at this website: http://www.wilsonforarmenia.org/ -- Davo88 (talk) 16:36, 8 June 2010 (UTC) PBS, I didn't see you answered me. Any reason? Aregakn (talk) 21:02, 8 June 2010 (UTC) * Mainly time. But also I saw what you wrote but the only question you asked about the content was "Of course the CAH is a broader case and genocide is more narrow (a segment) and Crimes Against Humanity were first claimed as a term to describe the Armenian Genocide, but what it has to do with the NPOV?" I thought that my answer was contained in my answer to Davo88. * -- PBS (talk) 21:58, 8 June 2010 (UTC) * You had a good summary of what you wrote (and deleted), PBS; without it I wouldn't have seen relevance to my comments. * What you presented is your POV and is not in any way connected to RSs, so there is no NPOV violation to be claimed. To address your issues: * The fact of the Turkish state being involved in the Genocide is a proven. The legal process and condemnation had taken place and the individual perpetrators and the Government were found guilty both, by Ottoman Court and by the Allied forces. The state was bind to pay "reparation" in the form of territory (according to Sevres Treaty). * The term "Genocide" as of the UN was not coined even during the Nuremberg process so would you claim it was/is not genocide because the court didn't coin it as such? Or that the reparations for Holocaust are not genocide reparations? Of course not. * At any case, we aren't here to propose our own ideas. The frames of responsibility of the Turkish Republic are well described and referenced in this article. As of (your comments) how the reparations will be paid, in what form, due to another court ruling (because the losses of the Armenians but the gains of Turkey have increased due to exploitation of the "resources confiscated") or the existing Binding Ruling of Wilson or a new bilateral agreement, it's a technical issue of the future. This article summarises what the reparations mean for the this case, why they should be paid, by who and what previous activities took place, what the legal bases are for those etc. In this information I don't see how it is only a POV. Aregakn (talk) 05:15, 9 June 2010 (UTC) * I am starting to wonder how much clear I can make it. The article presents only one point of view, it does not discuss the range of possibilities and views. To start at the beginning. The opening sentence makes a statement based on an article by Henry Theriault who is not an expert on international law so is not qualified to make such a judgement. I have for example highlighted a couple of statements he makes for which he is not an expert. On the question of his statement on the Hague Conventions, I have presented the opinion of an international lawyer of high regards (Telford Taylor) who flatly contradicts Theriault's opinion on the Hague Conventions and their relationship to the genocide regarding the behaviour of a government to its own population. -- PBS (talk) 06:47, 9 June 2010 (UTC) * Yes, and I am starting wondering about the same. I'll try to be laconic this time. WP:NPOV, citation: "All Wikipedia articles and other encyclopedic content must be written from a neutral point of view, representing fairly, proportionately, and as far as possible without bias, all significant views that have been published by reliable sources." Looking forward to seeing you presenting the latter about the Armenian Genocide reparations that were not included in the article. Aregakn (talk) 20:43, 9 June 2010 (UTC) ┌ It would help if the main cited articles used to construct the article were not mainly from sources which are presenting one point of view. Here are some others: * http://www.transcomm.ox.ac.uk/traces/iss13pg1.htm (2001) * http://webjcli.ncl.ac.uk/2009/issue1/mihr1.html#_Toc223345527 (2009) * http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article7050541.ece (2010) This article was published in Aztag Daily but its republished on an UK academic website and was written an academic from the Judge Business School. Instead of making assertions in areas such as international law where the author is probably not an expert he cites papers ans so it seems to me that it might be a good starting point for an article such as this: * http://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/research/associates/pdfs/tchilingirian_recognition.pdf (2005) Similarly this paper another from a well known neutral source http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/files/16599_0310mtgsummary.pdf (2010) has a much more balanced approach. This was from a quick look around the net but I am sure with little effort many more papers that overview the different points of view can be found. Such overviews of the different views should allow an article with the point of views of the different stake holders to be presented in a far less biased way. -- PBS (talk) 05:08, 10 June 2010 (UTC) * Ammm, you know, I wouldn't really call International Law and Philosophy of Law professors, the chief of petitions at the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Secretary of Human Rights Committee as "probably not an expert in areas such as international law" (as you called it). * Moreover, as I see from your last comment, you had not looked into those documents you presented from reliable sources before tagging the article as "NPOV disputed". That is a real tag abuse (something I claimed when deleting it). * Even if I have not read the documents you presented yet, I don't see that you show a contradiction between the content of the article with the sources you found only now. * As for Azeri media, please be serious! * I am now more than ever inclined to delete the tag and add it only when evidence is there. And PBS, sorry, but this isn't the way to act towards articles you wouldn't like to see. Aregakn (talk) 13:13, 10 June 2010 (UTC) * Azeri media? There are no Azeri websites presented here I believe. --Davo88 (talk) 16:09, 10 June 2010 (UTC) * PBS presented some article from Azeri media to present as a different POV from the article. Aregakn (talk) 18:05, 11 June 2010 (UTC) * I see, that PBS, being active on other topics, is not giving any proofs for his POV claim on this article. I think his above statement of not having read such (except the biased Azeri media) is enough to assume there is none found and the tag was put there with no reason. * I am removing the, in my opinion, abused tag because: * 1) there were no proofs presented (besides an OR) * 2) there were no published RSs presenting a different POV * 3) and that my comments about these issues were not addressed with having PBS active on the project. Aregakn (talk) 21:07, 13 June 2010 (UTC) * What does "there were no proofs presented (besides an OR)" mean? Do you have a source saying that there is no other POV in published reliable sources? What does "and that my comments about these issues were not addressed with having PBS active on the project"?. -- PBS (talk) 22:21, 13 June 2010 (UTC) * Do not be playing games anymore PBS. I am not to show that there are no other POVs. You are to show that there are, if you claim the article is a POV. Hope that is clear. * You have been asked to do so for many times and not even once you presented on this talk an "other POV". I also hope you are back on the topic again not only because the tag was deleted. * What are the other POVs published in RSs and which RSs? Aregakn (talk) 23:01, 13 June 2010 (UTC) * Aregakn do you think that the changes user:CyrilThePig4 has made have improved the article, because although there is more to do the changes have in my opinion improved the presentation of the subject and placed the article on a much better footing for future development? If you do think the edits have improved the article then in hindsight it should be obvious to you you the article was less balanced before. -- PBS (talk) 05:26, 15 June 2010 (UTC) PBS, I am repeating, I hope, though for the 10th, but the last time: which are the POV(s) that are not presented in the article? Refusal to get ot the point by you is totally clear here. The edits can stay but there are changes that are irrelevant, deletion of referenced and relevant information and the change of the lead that does not refer to the subject of the article directly. Aregakn (talk) 17:00, 15 June 2010 (UTC) * I don't think you fully understand what WP:NPOV in Wikipedia articles means. Aregakn if you have not already read it, I hope you will find Writing for the opponent illuminating. -- PBS (talk) 02:31, 16 June 2010 (UTC) * Well, I only see you fail to present what you're supposed to. I did read it and I did cite the exact words and requirements for an NPOV article. You can have a look in this very talk, if you wish, once again. The idea in short was "The article has to represent all major RS published opinions". I have been asking for at least one major published opinion that has not been represented in this article and you failed to do so. What are your complaints on my knowledge of NPOV rules then? Aregakn (talk) 17:34, 16 June 2010 (UTC) * Not everyone agrees that the events described here as a genocide were a genocide. There are four positions that can be taken: * It was a genocide, reparations should be paid * It was a genocide, reparations should not be paid. * It was not a genocide, reparations should be paid. * It was not a genocide, reparations should not be paid. * The first sentence states "Armenian Genocide reparations derive from the Armenian Genocide of 1915 committed by Ottoman Turkey." This covers only the first statement and clearly not all the parties agree that this is accurate otherwise compensation would have been paid long ago. * For example neither the British or American governments recognise that the events described here as a genocide was a genocide, nor does the Turkish government. Which means that the first sentence which does not have any qualifiers what so ever is biased. -- PBS (talk) 21:38, 16 June 2010 (UTC) * Here is a source Looking backward, moving forward: confronting the Armenian Genocide by Richard G. Hovannisian pp. 149-150 which says "It implies that a tribunal can never be asked directly to recognize the existence of a genocide, as in most cases such recognition is purely incidental to the punishment of the perpetrators or the compensation of the victims, that is, to the legal case that is referred to it." There is more on this the same page but the quote makes the point I am making that "recognition [of the genocide] is purely incidental to ... the compensation of the victims" -- PBS (talk) 13:54, 17 June 2010 (UTC) * I do see ORs by you PBS but there were no published sources. Your first sources have nearly nothing in them concerning reparations. * I can bet you read only that sentence from Richard Hovhannisian's book you show, because the sentence is in the context of the recognition of the genocide by a court, not the reparations. Please do not loose our time this way. * I have added some issues Prf. Hovhannisian discusses about the mechanisms of holding responsible, although his main subject there is the recognition and the relevant legal issues. Aregakn (talk) 19:28, 18 June 2010 (UTC) * I also hope, that some editors are not trying to make this talk-page yet another forum to discuss the affirmed fact of the Armenian Genocide and will refer the content of the article about the reparations for it. Aregakn (talk) 19:37, 18 June 2010 (UTC) * "the affirmed fact of the Armenian Genocide" Where has this fact been legally confirmed? * Who says that "The issue of Armenian Genocide reparations derives from the Armenian Genocide of 1915 committed by the Ottoman Empire." and not [also] from other crimes and civil actions? * Legal conformation (or political agreement by the people of organisations that would pay compensation) of a genocide would be needed needed if reparations are solely based on the fact of genocide. As Hovhannisian says "recognition [of the genocide] is purely incidental to ... the compensation of the victims". You may or may not agree with him, but his is just a valid point of view as that made in the first sentence of the article which makes the first sentence of the article only one of several points of view and therefore not a neutral summary of the issues over compensation. -- PBS (talk) 20:43, 18 June 2010 (UTC) As I said, the fact is not disputable on this talk. It is accepted by all the major genocide and historical organisations and opposed by several individual scholars criticized in their majority by their own peers for being dependent on Turkish funding or other similar issues. There have also been large scandals in this regard and you may read the Denial of the Armenian Genocide for more details. This case is not political only so don't take it that way for no reason. I don't know why you are trying to project the issue only on the legal aspect. Who put this frames of legality only? The "legal" condemnation of the Empire and the individual perpetrators is already made by the Court Martial. With the same success you can claim that there was no "legal" coining of the Holocaust as genocide as the term came to life after it. The article is represents the published opinions and it projects the current situation with the Armenian Genocide reparations in historical, legal and political aspects alike. If you have other published sources that are reliable, cite them and we can have a look. Until then I am only commenting OR now so I shall stop. Aregakn (talk) 21:32, 18 June 2010 (UTC) * It is an article about reparations for there to be reparations there has to be either a legal judgement or a political solution. It is not an historical question (historical judgements should be left for other articles such as the Armenian Genocide article). Writing in 1998 Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the Genocide Convention was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise. As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and other definitions have also been postulated.(see Criticisms of the CPPCG and other definitions of genocide). There are many academic definitions of genocide used by genocide scholars (see the article on genocide definitions, and more specifically Tony Barta (1987) and Henry Huttenbach (1988)) which means that when a genocide scholar calls something a genocide it does not necessarily mean it was a legal genocide. Or as the President of the ICJ court that sat on the Bosnian Genocide Case explained that while there was substantial evidence of events in Bosnia and Herzegovina that may amount to war crimes or crimes against humanity, the ICJ court had no jurisdiction to make findings in that regard, because the case dealt "exclusively with genocide in a limited legal sense and not in the broader sense sometimes given to this term". * For the Bosnian Genocide Case there is a clear statement by the ECHR about the relative weight of legal opinion on whether ethnic cleansing as carried out in Bosnia was a genocide, do you know of any similar document that indicates that the majority of legal scholars consider the events for which compensation is being discussed was a genocide? If not then the first sentence is not valid and should be altered as it does not matter what the majority of scholars in other fields, often using definitions other than a strictly legal one consider it to be. I would suggest that the wording is altered to use the legal opinion legal opinion commissioned by the International Center for Transitional Justice (See Armenian Genocide recognition) Using that statement we can construct a none biased introduction along the lines of: The issue of reparations for the Armenian victims of the massacres, deportations [list here anything else that is pertinent] carried out within the Ottoman Empire, that when viewed collectively, in the legal opinion commissioned by the International Center for Transitional Justice, can be described by legal scholars as a genocide. or something similar. But not also it should be noted in the text of this article what this document says at the bottom of page 8: "The Genocide Convention does not give rise to individual criminal or state responsibility for events which occurred during the early twentieth century or at any time prior to January 12, 1951." Also the section heading on page 9 "ALTHOUGH THE GENOCIDE CONVENTION DOES NOT GIVE RISE TO STATE OR INDIVIDUAL LIABILITY FOR EVENTS WHICH OCCURRED PRIOR TO JANUARY 12, 1951, THE TERM "GENOCIDE", AS DEFINED IN THE CONVENTION, MAY BE APPLIED TO DESCRIBE SUCH EVENTS." Both these were cut an pasted by me and as such no special meaning should be given the the BLOCK capitals. -- PBS (talk) 01:14, 19 June 2010 (UTC) The edits by CyrilThePig4 Thank you for the edits Cyril, but there were some things I had to correct. * For instance losses due to the genocide are issues directly connected to reparations, and they were removed. * There were some historical background added which was not connected to the reparations issue itself and thus was irrelevant to the article. * Also, I have never heard of a Turkish perspective on the reparations issue. Your edit in the first paragraph shows it clearly (question that turkey will ever engage in talks), by the way. If you (or anybody) do have any, I'd be interested in reading and discussing those additions. * One more thing, can you please tell me how the Criminal court deals with reparations issue? As the edit said and I know it deals with individuals. Thanks for your contributions! Aregakn (talk) 17:47, 15 June 2010 (UTC) * Giving you the respect that you deserve, Aregakn, I don't think you are able to contribute with a near-native level of English to either the article or the talk pages. I think that is one reason why this article has multiple issues. CyrilThePig4 (talk) 23:35, 15 June 2010 (UTC) * Your edit discussions are very efficient on the article talk-pages. Thank you. But if you have anything concrete that you know of my English knowledge, let me know on my talk-page. Aregakn (talk) 23:44, 15 June 2010 (UTC) Aregakn you wrote in the edit summary "I don't think the international criminal court has anything to do with reparations. If considered otherwise, I'd like a discussion on the talk-page". Why don't you think it is relevant? What about the International Court of Justice? -- PBS (talk) 02:43, 16 June 2010 (UTC) * Yes, as I said the International Criminal Court seemed and seems irrelevant to me in the issue of reparations. The main reason is that the ICC is to judge individual perpetrators and the individual perpetrators (members of the government) are neither the ones to pay the reparations nor are alive. Not less important is, that they have been tried and convicted in crimes. In fact, the "reporter" of the news was quite unprofessional in bringing any comment about it, though he isn't required to be, and did relatively little research. I don't think that anybody would think mentioning the ICC when talking about the Jewish Genocide having Nuremberg Trials in mind, of course if (s)he didn't want the trials of individual perpetrators to repeat. ICJ is not ICC PBS. Aregakn (talk) 18:01, 16 June 2010 (UTC) * Which is why I asked about the ICJ. -- PBS (talk) 21:19, 16 June 2010 (UTC) * Good that you agree at least on ICC. What about ICJ? Aregakn (talk) 21:23, 16 June 2010 (UTC) * As someone who is currently uninformed about the issues involved, it is helpful to know who is actually "Dealing with Reparations". If the matter can be dealt with by the Armenian peoples themselves without recourse to either Turkey or the International community then that should be made clear. If a body that Prima facie should be involved is not involved then it is helpful to know why not. CyrilThePig4 (talk) 08:03, 17 June 2010 (UTC) * The ICC is completely irrelevant (as a court) here, according to Article 11 of its Statute: * "The Court has jurisdiction only with respect to crimes committed after the entry into force of this Statute." * My two cents. Sardur (talk) 11:24, 17 June 2010 (UTC) * It may have been found to have no relevance to those pursuing a claim for reparations but it is extremely relevant to those resisting pressure to pay reparations. CyrilThePig4 (talk) 12:13, 17 June 2010 (UTC) * Here is an article on the ICJ and the Armenian Genocide, Cenap Cakmak ICJ and Armenian Genocide dispute 28 February 2008. I am not suggesting this is a reliable source, and I seem to remember reading that this was likely to be rejected/had been rejected (and some of the it was a genocide camp suggested that Turkey had Machiavellian reasons for proposing it because they knew it would not fly). Here is another article Alfred de Zayas, The Armenian Genocide in Light of UN Convention. -- PBS (talk) 13:44, 17 June 2010 (UTC) * Also this: Looking backward, moving forward: confronting the Armenian Genocide by Richard G. Hovannisian pp. 149-153 may be of some help in this area From the above discussion, one may conclude that the prospect of having the Armenian Genocide officially recognized or of recieving compensation remains legally weak, especially in the present political context. That does not mean, however that it is simply sheer nonsense. ...." Again like the source I pulled up before in the previous section, Hovannisian indicates that there more than two stake holders/actors involved in the question of reparations in this case the author makes a distinction between the Armenian state and the Armenian people. -- PBS (talk) 14:10, 17 June 2010 (UTC) * Answers are in NPOV. I brought the issue of PBS and Cyril about the ICJ and ICC in a broader subject about the existing legal mechanisms. Aregakn (talk) 19:31, 18 June 2010 (UTC) Weasel Words an sources to back them up This article has number of phrases which fall into the category of WP:weasel words --PBS (talk) 00:05, 19 June 2010 (UTC) * "Many Armenians demand a restoration" Who says and what makes http://www.sdpa.org/ a reliable source? * "According to some there does ..." Who says its some? There is no source for this statement. * "While current members of Turkish society cannot be blamed morally for the destruction of Armenians" who says they can not be blamed morally? * This source "Commission on Human Rights, fifty-third session, Doc. E/CN.4/1997/104. Compare with the first report by Professor Theo van Boven C/CH.4/Sub.2/1993/8 of 2 July 1993, section IX, and the second report C/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/7 of 24 May 1996" where is it on the net? If it is not on the net can the relevant section be quoted by the editor, or is it extracted from a third party source (see WP:SAYWHEREYOUGOTIT)? * "For reparations of gross violations of human rights, two other general principles are relevant:" who says? * "there are ascertains that the existing legal background provides" who ascertains? * Has the one that asks these questions read the references? I did and most of the answers were found on De Zayas's page. Emilio1974 (talk) 09:28, 19 June 2010 (UTC) * The answers to weasel words does not lie in the sources (although WP:SAYWHEREYOUGOTIT does), it lies in editing the Wikipedia article so that it does not use weasel words. -- PBS (talk) 05:02, 20 June 2010 (UTC) Richard Hovannisian There is a spelling mistake in the article "Hovhannisian" has no "H" in the middle of the name. The way his book is cited is not correct see WP:CITE publisher, year of publication, and ISBN should be included for any book. If one turns to page page 137 it is clear that this book is not the work of one author so the full citations should be: The book is currently cited five times, but the page number is only given as a range "146-153" which makes it difficult to check against the source. Which page supports International Criminal Court (ICC)" Which page covers this? -- PBS (talk) 00:05, 19 June 2010 (UTC) * "In this regard the possibility of involvement by International Criminal Court (ICC) seems impossible not only because of that, but also that by it’s regulations it has no retroactive" Which page covers this? * "This could be the case with Turkey if it is held responsible for the Armenian Genocide * The paragraph and quote "serious breach of an obligation arising under a pre-emptory norm of general international law" Should be cited as :. * etc. ECHR and Preussische Treuhand v. Poland Something has been niggling in the back of my mind about the ECHR and it has come to me. Since the book Looking backward, moving forward was published in 2003 there has been an ECHR ruling (Preussische Treuhand v. Poland) that takes that court out of the running as a possible arbitrator for reparations -- PBS (talk) 01:24, 19 June 2010 (UTC) RfC: The introduction is biased The lead currently says: "The issue of Armenian Genocide reparations derives from the Armenian Genocide of 1915 committed by the Ottoman Empire." This presents only one view that the events of 1915 were a genocide, yet there substantial disagreement if the events constituted a genocide and presenting the view in the unqualified voice of the article is a breach of WP:ASF -- PBS (talk) 07:59, 24 July 2010 (UTC) RFC Comment Consider the climate change mitigation article, or the Containment. The former article talks about the measures being considered to mitigate climate change, foregoing any discussion of the legitimacy of climate change. Similarly, the latter article talks about containment being a policy to forestall the "domino effect", without discussing the legitimacy of the domino effect. But more than that, what's written in the lead section here is consistent with what's written in the lead section of the Armenian Genocide article. If you want to debate the fact that there was a genocide, it would seem that the Armenian Genocide article would be a better place to do it. If you can convince those folks that the Armenian Genocide lead section is too one-sided, you might have a better case for coming back here and changing the language in this article. (Though it would still require some argument--I would still refer you to the Climate Change Mitigation and Containment articles...) --RSL xii 17:17, 26 July 2010 (UTC) * It is not a matter of whether it was a genocide or not. Reparations are not dependent on whether the events of 1915 were a genocide, reparations are dependent on whether crimes were committed, not whether those crimes constituted genocide. -- PBS (talk) 10:56, 31 July 2010 (UTC) Saw this at the RfC. The introduction is not biased, and represents the consensus of historians. Figureofnine (talk) 19:14, 26 July 2010 (UTC) * For reparations, this is not an issue of historians it is an issue of law (and politics). There are many different definitions of genocide, but most of them are not applicable to legal cases (see ICJ President Rosalyn Higgins comments in the Bosnian Genocide Case). -- PBS (talk) 10:56, 31 July 2010 (UTC) PBS you said that there is disagreement over the events of 1915. During the Middle Ages, if the Roman Catholic Church did not accept the fact that the Earth is round, does it mean that the people who prove that it is round are one-sided? Although there may be various definitions of genocide, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide is what is generally accepted. --Davo88 (talk) 22:36, 31 July 2010 (UTC) * Davo88 you wrote "PBS you said that there is disagreement over the events of 1915" which sentence that I have written on this page are you referring to? -- PBS (talk) 23:59, 31 July 2010 (UTC) * I meant to say that you said there is disagreement over whether the events of 1915 constitute genocide. --Davo88 (talk) 00:05, 1 August 2010 (UTC) * There is disagreement if the events of 1915 qualify as a genocide under law. There is also the separate question that even if there was a genocide if the Turkish state can be held culpable for some or all of the perpetrators of a genocide (see last paragraph page 14 of the ICTJ opinion linked below). -- PBS (talk) 03:44, 2 August 2010 (UTC) * (Note: I don't want to get involved in a discussion, other than to render a prima facie opinion and go. I am only doing this because RfC is super-backlogged, and I am trying to help out.) * With massive documentary evidence, clear definition of term "genocide", and overwhelming consensus of historians, use of term and inclusion is accurate and warranted. Good luck. Anna Frodesiak (talk) 01:36, 2 August 2010 (UTC) * Historians yes but what about legal scholars? There is at least one who agrees with the historians (Geoffrey Robertson opinion). But the advise given to the British Foreign office (which the legal opinion dissents from) is that it is not. Also if one reads the opinion commissioned by the International Center for Transitional Justice, is far from unequivocal on the matter (The Applicability of the United Nations Convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide to the events which occurred during the early twentieth century.) * -- PBS (talk) 03:44, 2 August 2010 (UTC) I looked into this issue a little more--PBS may have a point. Consider that the "holocaust reparations" article is named Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany. Reparations are being demanded not just for the killing of people, but also for the loss of land and property. I personally think that any title that doesn't include the words "Armenian Genocide" in it will be clunky and more confusing, particularly since many of the organizations seeking reparations have the words "Armenian Genocide" in their organizations' names. But PBS, do you have an alternate title to suggest? (Also: I should note that "Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany" is the English name of the agreement between the two countries. If ever an actual agreement gets signed between Turkey and Armenia, the name issue will probably disappear--this article can be named whatever the agreement is named.) --RSL xii 16:22, 2 August 2010 (UTC) * I am not so fussed about the title -- as it is a descriptive one the wording at the start does not have to include it. I am more interested in the wording of the first paragraph being neutral. -- PBS (talk) 03:54, 10 August 2010 (UTC) * Hi PBS, just to be sure we're on the same page, here's what I understand of your view (correct me as necessary): * Reparations are being demanded for the crimes that occurred in 1915 in Armenia, be they genocide or otherwise. * These reparations are a political matter more than a historical matter, so the political definitions are of greater importance than the historians' understanding of the events. (Actually, you used the word "legal" instead of "political" but I'm inferring you mean the latter.) * Many politicians have purposely refrained from saying that a genocide occurred, and so Wikipedia should refrain from making such a definitive statement. * The current lede is biased, favoring the viewpoint of those demanding the reparations. * I half agree with your points (if I understand them correctly). The issue of reparations is foremost a political battle. And the entire lede is biased towards those demanding reparations. But even so, I think it's OK the state clearly that reparations are being demanded for the genocide that occurred in 1915. It's a historical fact, one that was considered at great length at the Armenian Genocide article, and a statement that is very relevant to the issue of reparations. The fact that reparations are a political issue shouldn't mean that historical facts get ignored. I think the remainder of the lede could be rewritten to give a better sense of the political issues (on both sides) associated with reparations, rather than just ramming home the fact that the Turkish government is being obstinate. Even if the lede contains a statement like "the government of Turkey has not acknowledged that a genocide, as defined by international law, had occurred", I still think it's okay to write that the genocide has occurred. --RSL xii 17:33, 10 August 2010 (UTC) * It is an historical fact that crimes against humanity were committed (or at the very least crimes -- although as Turkey accepts there were "mass killing" which makes them crimes against humanity CAH does not seem to be in anyway bias), whether the crimes were a genocide is a political/legal issue if we are talking court cases and international agreements as this article is. It may well be that the majority of historians would agree that the events of 1915 was a genocide, but when they do they are using genocide with whatever it is that they understand genocide to be (see definitions of genocide). Legally it is a highly complicated issue that I doubt most historians are qualified to make an expert comment on. See for example Telford Taylor's criticism of Leo Kuper when Kupper strays into giving opinions the area of international law, or the comments by the Rosalyn Higgins, ICJ President of the Bosnian Genocide Case she noted that while there was substantial evidence of events in Bosnia and Herzegovina that may amount to war crimes or crimes against humanity, the ICJ Court had no jurisdiction to make findings in that regard, because the case dealt "exclusively with genocide in a limited legal sense and not in the broader sense sometimes given to this term." * The current lead says a genocide took place, but that is not proven. The question of reparations is a legal issue if the political will is there to put the issue to a tribunal or it is a issue to be dealt with with a bilateral treaty. Further whether reparations are paid for losses suffered by Armenians and the wording used to describe what those reparations are paid for, will be part of any agreement. In the horse trading that will take place one side will start off saying "there is nothing to pay compensation for", the other will say "reparations for genocide" and if an agreement is reached there will be give and take on both sides. See for example the deal struck over the UN wording in Genocide denial. * To present the wording of one side of the negotiations as a fact in the first sentence of the articel biased. -- PBS (talk) 06:27, 11 August 2010 (UTC) * In this case, I bring up my original point--why not bring this up at the Armenian Genocide article, as that would seem the better place to raise the issue? The lede in that article clearly says a genocide occurred. * Alternatively, if you're worried about confusing a legal definition with a more generic definition, perhaps the phrase "the deliberate and systematic destruction of the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire" could be substituted as needed? (Taken from the Armenian genocide article). But then there's a lot of substitution to be done throughout the article if you take this approach....if you can find a practical way to do it, I'm all for it. But I'm also ok with using the word "genocide" to mean an OED definition of genocide, and say "genocide as defined by international law" when that degree of specificity is needed. --RSL xii 13:54, 11 August 2010 (UTC) With regards to the lead in the Armenian Genocide article it is a fact that the International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS) have stated that it was a genocide. I do not know whether they are a representative group but I have not seen a reliable source that questions that they are. So I do not have too many issues with it. The current citation claiming it is a genocide is wrong, because unlike the Ruhashyankiko Report (1973) the Whitaker Report was not endorsed by the UN (due to pressure from Turkey), and it would be better if it were replaced with the IAGS or the legal opinion commissioned by the International Center for Transitional Justice. As an aside I think that the introduction the Greek genocide article shows that the points can be made without the overt bias that the introduction to the Armenian Genocide article has. The Armenian Genocide introduction to me reads more like a second-rate advocacy site than a first class encyclopaedic article. But we are not discussing that article so back to this one: The IAGS and historians can have any opinions they like about an historical event, but that does not mean that they are qualified to judge whether it was or was not a legal genocide. See for example see the comments by Telford Taylor, one of the prosecutors at the Nuremberg Trials, on Leo Kuper, a well known genocide scholar, in this article When people kill a people (1982). Or the comments by ICJ President Rosalyn Higgins at the end of the Bosnian Genocide Case that while there was substantial evidence of events in Bosnia and Herzegovina that may amount to war crimes or crimes against humanity, the ICJ court had no jurisdiction to make findings in that regard, because the case dealt "exclusively with genocide in a limited legal sense and not in the broader sense sometimes given to this term." The wording "the deliberate and systematic destruction of the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire" has problems for several reasons. First it assumes that "deliberate and systematic destruction" is already proven in law (which it is not). The Turkish government's argument is that the mass murder that took place was either not deliberate state policy: That many people died on a death march was not the intention of the authorities it was incidental to their being moved (For a comparison see for example the expulsion of Germans from Eastern Europe during and after World War II) or it was due to banditry and inter ethnic violence (for comparison see the mass killings during the partition of India in 1947). Now that defence may or may not be hogwash, but to pre-judge the issue is to introduce a bias. Far batter to stick to what is agreed. That there were mass killings and other crimes committed against the Armenian population is not disputed (The Turkish government conceded that point when they agreed to the wording "He cited mass killings of Armenians in the Ottoman empire in World War I and other mass killings in history" in a UN exhibition of genocide). So what the reparations are for are the mass murder and other crimes committed against the Arminians living within the Ottoman Empire. -- PBS (talk) 00:38, 14 August 2010 (UTC) * I'm coming here from the RfC notice. In response to This presents only one view that the events of 1915 were a genocide, yet there substantial disagreement -- There might be disagreement, but not amongst the academic community, in which there is a broad consensus that this constituted genocide. This has been thoroughly discussed at the Armenian Genocide article, and is in the lead there. The camp of people that "debate" this are in the same boat as climate change, evolution, or Holocaust deniers. They have a right to their opinions, but we don't have to give their opinions undue weight, and pretend like there is some rational basis for debate. Per WP:SUMMARY, we should try to stick to the very well-developed Armenian Genocide article, unless we have good reason not to. Since they can state it as fact there, we can do so here. -- Jrtayloriv (talk) 19:21, 14 August 2010 (UTC) * In this article it is not a question of history this is a question of legality and politics. To the best of my knowledge the best article on whether it was a legal genocide or not is discussed in the the legal opinion commissioned by the International Center for Transitional Justice, which is far from unequivocal on the issue. There is also the legal legal opinion of Geoffrey Robertson, which he is of the opinion that if there had been a trial using today's international law then the Ottoman State would be found culpable under the Genocide Convention. However he points out in paragraph 29 that he does not consider the Genocide Convention to be retroactive. Further in paragraph 50 he is of the opinion that in criticising the British Foreign Office's Eastern Department for stating that "investigating, analysing and interpreting history is a matter for historians" he writes: "::Deciding what amounts to genocide is a matter for judgement according to international law, and not and not at all a matter for historians. Historians establish facts: lawyers must judge whether those facts amount to a breach of international law" - Geoffrey Robertson * He makes point because he thinks that the British government's position is a cynical political position taken because the British Foreign Office takes what it sees as in Britain's best economic and political interests today and not a moral position (Sic semper), support by using the opinions of denialist historians. * In this article we are looking at a legal definition of genocide, not a historical definition therefore we should not present genocide as a forgone conclusion in the first sentence, as it is likely that if compensation is paid it will be for crimes that were committed either under international law as it stood at the time and or under the law of the Ottoman Empire, or a combination of both. -- PBS (talk) 23:38, 14 August 2010 (UTC) * Saying that they perpetrated genocide does not automatically imply that they were convicted of it as a crime. We can say they perpetrated genocide, and then describe what happened legally. I don't see where there could be any confusion, if the article is written properly -- Jrtayloriv (talk) 00:07, 15 August 2010 (UTC) * The article starts "The issue of Armenian Genocide reparations derives from the Armenian Genocide of 1915 committed by the Ottoman Empire." that is a biased interpretation, if reparations are paid it will be for crimes committed in and around 1915 and for civil compensation for actions by the the state such as the confiscation of property and damages for mental harm etc. It may be that one of the crimes for which reparations and damages could be paid is genocide, but given the legal and political obstacles that the Turkish government has to that word, it is more likely that reparations and compensation will be paid for the component crimes and civil actions in the events that most historians call the Armenian Genocide. -- PBS (talk) 01:04, 15 August 2010 (UTC) PBS I do not know why you think you should decide what the reparations should be paid for, whether for crimes or for benefiting from the crimes or whatever. The article is about the issue existing and on going, not a future prediction, as you are trying to make. The issue derives from the Genocide and its results. If u wish to argue what this issue derives from, then maybe you should argue with the authors sited. If you wish to argue if the events are Genocide in legal terms, then you could do it with Lemkin who invented it claiming it was and in a court when accused of its denial. And trust me, if you do not know you will lose we can try it here, in Germany. Asside from these there is no other statements in the sentence you argue. But once again and most importantly: the ISSUE(S) of reparations DERIVES from the Armenian Genocide by Ottoman Turkey. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 22:48, 30 December 2010 From the history of the article * 12:12, 6 March 2011 -- <IP_ADDRESS> -- (According to the absence of arguments in the page discussion on why the article is not balanced or neutral) * 13:13, 6 March 2011 -- Philip Baird Shearer -- (rv last edit there is lots of discussion about this on the talk page and it has yet to be resolved) * 13:17, 6 March 2011 -- <IP_ADDRESS> -- (You can put it back when you show an other "point of view" before that there are no reasons to put the sign.) I refer you to my posting at 01:04 15 August 2010, and please read the wording displayed by the POV template -- PBS (talk) 21:56, 6 March 2011 (UTC) Citation on.. "...While the Government of Turkey has previously acknowledged "a massacre, even a crime against humanity"... " Can I have a source on this please? This is not so reliable. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:22, 16 October 2012 (UTC) Lead needs to be fixed The lead needs to describe the basics as to what reparations are and what it may entail. Instead, what we read is a bunch of opinions from various scholars or historians regarding the matter. The first sentence in the entire article talks about Henry Theriault's opinion. The lead should not resort to the opinions of a few scholars. It should rather summarize the body of the text. Opinions by scholars should be placed in later sections such as "Reparation proposals" or in Hrant Dink's case "Turkish Armenians". Étienne Dolet (talk) 07:07, 19 February 2014 (UTC) * Not very sure if you read it right but the first sentence says something different. The part "Henry Theriault, writing in the Armenian Weekly, states" can be deleted but it will not change the rest of the sentence about the possible types of reparations. The lead itself not only summarises the broad issue but also provides links to what the summary is based on. If you wish to delete the links for the sake of it, it is possible theoretically. Either way this is not a substantial discussion on the content I suppose. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:56, 22 April 2015 (UTC) External links modified Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified 7 one external links on Armenian Genocide reparations. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100604083617/http://genevadiplomacy.com:80/prof-alfred-de-zayas/ to http://genevadiplomacy.com/prof-alfred-de-zayas/ * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130523165111/http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/TestFrame/b3111e1e8f4a9278c125660f004e5fcf?Opendocument to http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/TestFrame/b3111e1e8f4a9278c125660f004e5fcf?Opendocument * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071011104034/http://www.azg.am/?lang=EN&num=2006122302 to http://www.azg.am/?lang=EN&num=2006122302 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.arf.am/English/history/002history.htm * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070202125337/http://www.arfshant.org/index.aspx?PAGEACTION=Home to http://www.arfshant.org/index.aspx?PAGEACTION=Home * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080624045606/http://www.bartleby.com:80/67/2679.html to http://www.bartleby.com/67/2679.html * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090922002359/http://www.tkb.org:80/Group.jsp?groupID=265 to http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=265 Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 05:34, 18 October 2016 (UTC) External links modified Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified 6 external links on Armenian Genocide reparations. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100510063921/http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/05/06/reparations-2/ to http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/05/06/reparations-2/ * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110720160218/http://eafjd.eu/spip.php?breve2519 to http://eafjd.eu/spip.php?breve2519 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150509230141/http://asbarez.com/blog/archives/135816 to http://asbarez.com/blog/archives/135816 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150515040542/http://asbarez.com/blog/archives/135992 to http://asbarez.com/blog/archives/135992 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060106151318/http://www.arf.am/English/history/002history.htm to http://www.arf.am/English/history/002history.htm * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.bartleby.com/67/2679.html Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 05:13, 26 May 2017 (UTC) Section with legal examinations and reports Added a new section containing legal examinations and reports regarding the AG to the main wiki page, but was asked to move the section here as the main page is said to be long enough already. Having looked through this page, the question is where to put such a section so it fits in best since these reports are legal examinations in general and not limited to the issue of reparations alone. Would a new section after historical background be suiting? Vahagn Avedian 07:22, 25 October 2018 (UTC) Move discussion in progress There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Armenian Genocide which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:01, 15 May 2021 (UTC)	WIKI
-- Oil-Tanker Rates End 11-Session Losing Streak as Demand Jumps Charter rates for the biggest tankers hauling Middle East oil to Asia rose, rebounding from 11 declines in a row, as stronger demand reduced the surplus of available vessels. Hire costs for very large crude carriers on the benchmark Saudi Arabia-to-Japan voyage gained 0.8 percent to 49.06 industry-standard Worldscale points today, according to the London-based Baltic Exchange. Rates plunged 25 percent during the losing streak. The number of ships available to load cargoes in the Persian Gulf over the next four weeks shrank by seven, according to Kevin Sy, a Singapore-based freight-derivatives broker at Marex Spectron Group. Still, demand for oil in March is unlikely to boost rates because about 70 tankers are available for next month’s first 10 days, he said in a report. “Another busy day, so another draw in the four-week supply,” Sy wrote. Daily income for VLCCs on the benchmark route gained 5.9 percent to $7,347, according to the exchange. That reduced the drop since the start of the year to 40 percent. Each of the ships can hold 2 million barrels of crude. The exchange’s assessments don’t reflect speed cuts aimed at reducing fuel costs, vessel owners’ main expense. Owners can curb those expenses, boosting returns, by slowing ships on return journeys after unloading of cargoes. The price of ship fuel, or bunkers, advanced for a fifth session to $711.25 a metric ton, data compiled by Bloomberg from 25 ports worldwide showed. Worldscale points are a percentage of a nominal rate, or flat rate, for more than 320,000 specific routes. Flat rates for every voyage, quoted in U.S. dollars a ton, are revised annually by the Worldscale Association in London to reflect changing fuel costs, port tariffs and exchange rates. The Baltic Dirty Tanker Index, a broader measure of oil- shipping costs that includes vessels smaller than VLCCs, increased 1.4 percent to 795. To contact the reporter on this story: Rob Sheridan in London at rsheridan6@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story: Alaric Nightingale at anightingal1@bloomberg.net	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Gujjar Singh Bhangi Sardar Gujjar Singh Bhangi (died early 1790; alternatively spelt as Gurja or Gujar) was a Sikh warrior of the Bhangi Misl, and one of the triumvirates who ruled over Lahore prior to the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Biography Bhangi hailed from a village near Khemkaran, India. His father Natha Singh Sandhu was a Jatt Sikh farmer. He, along with his three brothers, was baptised to Sikhism in his teenage by his maternal grandfather Gurbakhsh Singh. He established a fortress, Qila Gujar Singh, just east of present-day Lahore, and also completed the construction of a mosque. Gujjar Singh's maternal grandfather was Sardar Gurbaksh Singh of village Roranwala in Amritsar (near the Wagah border) and his mother daughter of Gurbaksh, one of the known Sikh warriors under the Bhangi Misl then led by Sardar Hari Singh Bhangi. Sardar Gurbaksh Singh had adopted as his son a young runaway, Sardar Lehna Singh Kahlon of village Mustfapur, near Kartarpur, Jalandhar (Sir Leppel Griffin, the Panjab Chiefs). The young man grew up to be a great fighter and military commander of the Bhangi Misl. Gujjar and his adopted uncle split Gurbaksh Singh's inheritance of 40 villages taking half each, with Lehna keeping Roranwala and Gujjar founding a new village Rangarh in Amritsar where his descendants may be found. The two sardars took Lahore on April 16, 1765, with Lehna taking Lahore Fort and Gujjar building his own fort Qila Gujjar Singh in his part of the city – a third share was given to Sardar Soba Singh Sandhu of village Kanha, known as Kanhaiya (same village as Jai Singh Kanhaiya of the Kanhaiya Misl). Gujjar made Gujrat his capital in 1765 and in 1766 marched and conquered Jammu. Lehna Singh Kahlon was to take Multan in 1772, but Gujjar being much more restless and a great warrior embarked on conquest of north west Punjab taking towns such as Gujrat (his main residence) as well as Rawalpindi and many towns to Attock, some places he conquered with help of his best friend Sardar Charat Singh Sukarchakia, grandfather of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, with whom he contracted a marriage alliance with his second son Sahib marrying Charat's daughter, Raj Kaur.	WIKI
Talk:Angel Moroni Dubious The statues all appear to show Moroni blowing a vuvuzela not a trumpet. The difference between a trumpet and a vuvuzela is that a trumpet has a cylindrical bore and the vuvuzela a conical bore. Is there a reference to state it is a trumpet (and if possible that it is meant to be a straight trumpet)? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:06, 21 August 2017 (UTC) * Most sources and most people don't draw a distinction between trumpet and vuvuzela. In fact, vuvuzela classifies it as a "tubular end-blown trumpet with mouthpiece". So trumpet could be understood as a general type of instrument, of which vuvuzela is one example. Likely any description of the statue/symbol of the Angel Moroni would not delve into what exact kind of trumpet it is since that's not really considered relevant. However, this source calls it a trumpet. Do you have source that calls it a vuvuzela or something else or challenges that it is a trumpet? --FyzixFighter (talk) 02:29, 22 August 2017 (UTC) * No, I just looked at it and thought it was a vuvuzela. If you have a source, jolly good. Let's use it and find something more interesting to talk about. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:13, 23 August 2017 (UTC) Salamander / toad In the 'Theorized origin of the name' section there is a quoted extract which begins "If Smith saw a Salamander on a hill, rather than a toad,..." but there is no other reference to either creature in the article (or in any of the related ones, as far as I can see). What is this all about, and is some explanation needed in the article? JezGrove (talk) 13:50, 21 January 2018 (UTC) March 18, 2020 earthquake temple damage Moroni statue: It is unclear whether just the trumpet fell, or the forearm, as there are images of just the trumpet alone missing, forearm still extended, then another image of the missing forearm and trumpet. Perhaps the sequence of this event can be better explained. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/3/18/21185243/utah-earthquake-damage-photos-salt-lake-city-angel-moroni-statue * If you look closely at the image where the forearm appears to missing, you will see that the hand is still there. The angle from which the photo was taken creates the optical illusion. --FyzixFighter (talk) 17:52, 18 March 2020 (UTC) Map I see you reverted my edit. But, what is the relevance of this map? The text says that the name of Angel Moroni is connected to the city of Moroni, Comoros. The city of Moroni is on the island of Grande Comore, while this map shows the island of Anjouan. Is there any source that connects Anjouan to Angel Moroni? Vanjagenije (talk) 21:50, 13 September 2022 (UTC) * @Vanjagenije: You bring up some valid points. Upon further inspection the map does not directly apply to the topic, and I don't know of any sources that connect the two. I have reverted my revert. Rollidan (talk) 21:53, 13 September 2022 (UTC)	WIKI
Wikipedia:Copyright problems/2014 December 23 23 December 2014 SCV for 2014-12-23 [ Edit] Copyright investigations (manual article tagging) * Draft:ORBIS PICTUS PLAY ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite) What a mess! The content in the previous revisions appeared to have been taken from http://www.orbis-pictus.com/en/about-the-project-orbis-pictus-play-p95.html, http://www.orbis-pictus.com/en/sensorium---introduction-p291.html, http://www.orbis-pictus.com/en/golem---petr-nikl-p225.html, and maybe others. The original contributor provided the sources of the content, so perhaps they were unaware of the issue. Mz7 (talk) 22:31, 23 December 2014 (UTC)	WIKI
Linux Kernel Version #1 Do all of the DH servers run Linux 2.4? Are there any running 2.6? If there aren’t any running 2.6, are there any plans to move to 2.6? #2 I know both dads and welchs are on 2.6… dunno about the others. I assume most of the newest servers since uhhh… I believe October/November 2006, are running a 2.6 kernel. Chips N Cheese - Custom PHP installs and the like! #3 I guess my real question is: do any of the machines support extended attributes for files? #4 That’s an entirely different question. I would not count on extended attributes always being available, especially since your files are not stored locally on the server but rather accessed via NFS; even if they did work now, with setups like that, they will not be guaranteed should the architecture change. Just out of curiosity, what do you need em for ? :slight_smile: #5 I have a Mac and I want to make an Rsync backup of some of my files. Mac’s filesystem (hfs+) uses extended attributes, resource forks, etc. and to get a fully compatible backup of some files I heard you need to backup all of the extended attributes and the resource fork. To complicate matters, mac os 10.4 doesn’t have great rsync support itself (the shipped version is alleged to be broken, and uses incompatible options with the standard version).	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Posts by 504luv Hello All, Hoping someone here knows the answer to this conundrum. My co-admin and I have been working for the past days to try to resolve an issue one of our players are having on our server. She logs in and cannot access her inventory, eat any food, or use any tools. She can hold a tool in her hand, but when she attempts to use it, it just doesn't do anything. She can, however, store things in her chests--just not store or take from her own inventory on her person. This was not always the case, as she was able to play just fine prior to a few days ago. We have done a server restart since then and the issue still persists. My co-admin has combed through all the files and permissions on our server to try to find an error but there seems to be nothing appearing. Has anyone else come across a similar issue or have any ideas on what we can do to resolve this? Would someone be willing to come test the area protection out in my server? I have the area protection plugin on, but I had a guest come and he was able to break stuff on my protected lot. I think I fixed the issue, but I need to have someone come and check it out. Otherwise, I will have to stop the server during the times I am not online until I know it's fixed. If you are willing to come check things out, I am online today. The server is called The Labyrinth. Would someone be willing to come test the area protection out in my server? I have the area protection plugin on, but I had a guest come and he was able to break stuff on my protected lot. I think I fixed the issue, but I need to have someone come and check it out. Otherwise, I will have to stop the server during the times I am not online until I know it's fixed. If you are willing to come check things out, I am online today. The server is called The Labyrinth. Hello all, I wanted to introduce our new server called The Labyrinth. It is PVE and has Planks 'n Beams, Area Protection, Animal Breed Master, and Biome Portals! Come check us out if you are looking for a new server home! I think for some reason it straightened out. I don't know if maybe it was a server issue or what. I tested it out this morning and it seems to be okay now. I'll let you know if I notice it again though. Thanks for your help! Hi, Thanks for getting back to me. I will test again this morning and see if the issue still arises for me since I've been off the server overnight. I was using the /portal remove PortalNumber It's definitely the portal plugin and not the script What I meant by destination portal is that I created a portal to enter into the other biome as a destination portal. Then I created a new portal at the destination to return to the welcome center as a return portal. This is not what I'm having an issue with though--the issue is with removing the portals and then typing RELOADPLUGINS and the removed portals coming back to life. Hello! I am loving the portal plugin, however I've noticed that when I try to delete portals I've placed and then decided to change, it is not allowing them to stay deleted. They return upon reloadplugins or a restart of the server. In my example, I placed a destination portal with a return portal. I decided to change the placement of the return portal, so I typed /portal remove_portalnumber and it says it was successfully removed. Then I attempted to create a new return portal, and it says it successfully created. Then I tried to test it out to make sure it was working and it did not allow me to return. So I tried reloadplugins and it repopulated the old portals I had deleted by using /portal remove_portalnumber. I've tried several times and it keeps doing the same thing. I even tried to restart my server, but it's still repopulating the deleted portals. Any help?	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
For GOP 'Field of Dreams,' is Iowa heaven? \| TheHill John Kinsella stood on a baseball diamond and asked: "Is this heaven?" His son, Ray, answered: "It's — it's Iowa." That, of course, is fictional dialogue from the 1989 movie "Field of Dreams." In our world, which Republican presidential candidate will see their dream come true on Feb. 1? Will it be Donald TrumpDonald John TrumpPossible GOP challenger says Trump doesn't doesn't deserve reelection, but would vote for him over Democrat O'Rourke: Trump driving global, U.S. economy into recession Manchin: Trump has 'golden opportunity' on gun reforms MORE, Sen. Ted CruzRafael (Ted) Edward CruzTrump moves forward with F-16 sale to Taiwan opposed by China The Hill's Campaign Report: Battle for Senate begins to take shape O'Rourke says he will not 'in any scenario' run for Senate MORE (Texas), Sen. Marco RubioMarco Antonio RubioTrump moves forward with F-16 sale to Taiwan opposed by China The Hill's Morning Report — Trump and the new Israel-'squad' controversy Trump crosses new line with Omar, Tlaib, Israel move MORE (Fla.) or Dr. Ben CarsonBenjamin (Ben) Solomon CarsonCarson's affordable housing idea drawing undue flak Overnight Energy: Trump EPA looks to change air pollution permit process \| GOP senators propose easing Obama water rule \| Green group sues EPA over lead dust rules Green group sues EPA over lead dust rules it says are too lax MORE? Televison commentators will have you believe that while Trump may still be polling well in Iowa, his ground organization is potentially weak, and could sink the effort. They also say that first-time supporters of Trump;'s new brand of politics will hesitate to go out on a cold caucus night, and won't want to participate in the tedious caucus process. However, based on just about everything that has materialized so far, and in spite of all the controversy, Americans are fed up with traditional politics and Trump could possibly emerge as the victor in Iowa. From the daily batch of streaming data: Cruz has gained ground and is ahead for now, but will probably end up as second; Rubio will be third; Carson a distant fourth. The poll average from RealClearPolitics from Dec. 4 to Dec. 21 had the Republican Iowa race as follows: Cruz with 30.3 percent, Trump with 27.5 percent, Rubio with 12 percent and Carson with 9.3%. In "Field of Dreams," we watch fiction and reality weave a tale. "Shoeless" Joe Jackson, like Trump, is the early leader. His fans state clearly that he swings the bat harder than most of his contemporary players, and some say that his line drives also sound completely different. Jackson is tainted by scandal, but shakes it off and always looks like a winner. Similar to Carson is ballplayer Dr. Archibald "Moonlight" Graham. Graham wanted to be a ballplayer, but ended up realizing that he was better at being a doctor. In Graham’s professional baseball career, he only played one inning and never had a chance at bat. Speaking about the failure of his baseball career, he said; "[I]f I'd only gotten to be a doctor for five minutes, now that would have been a tragedy." Cruz most resembles John Kinsella, Ray's father. When Ray had the vision to build a baseball diamond in an Iowa cornfield, he heard a voice saying "if you build it, they will come"; Jackson laters tells Kinsella that "if you build it, he will come." One could easily imagine a young Cruz showing up to play ball in an Iowa cornfield. It is important to note that in the movie, Ray's father had a unique problem that seems similar to Cruz: He was so caught up in the game, he eventually lost sight of reality. So, who would Rubio play in this Iowa baseball movie? He fits most closely the character of Terence Mann, the writer who liked to add drama to his words. A quote from the fictional Mann: "America has rolled by like an army of steamrollers. It has been erased like a blackboard, rebuilt and erased again." Compare that to an actual Rubio quote and we have a match: "If we stay on this road we're on right now, our children are going to be the first Americans ever to inherit a diminished country." With all the characters being so similar to the movie, and with the backdrop being Iowa, we are probably watching the remake of "Field of Dreams," but this time, as a reality show. It has been more than 25 years later since the original film, and the baseball diamond is still standing in Iowa. This time of year, however, the corn is gone, but not the memories. The players are back on the field. On Feb. 1, will the best player win, or will turmoil once again raise its head, just like what transpired when the "Black Sox" team tarnished baseball by throwing the 1919 World Series? This Republican contest in Iowa is no longer about a dream deferred. The new era of conservatives will be defining who they really are. Will they vote left of center for Trump, vote in the middle for Rubio or go wildly to the right with Cruz? This time, we really did build it and he did come. But, which "he" are we talking about? As that little kid apocryphally said to "Shoeless" Joe in the height of all the insanity: "Say it ain't so, Joe. Say it ain't so.' Helfenbein is a political pundit and strong advocate for a robust U.S. trade agenda. He lectures frequently on the subjects of politics and international trade. Follow him on Twitter @rhelfen. View the discussion thread. Contributor's Signup The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 \| 202-628-8500 tel \| 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE

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