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Swapping citalopram to duloxetine
buy now
Are you looking for a more effective treatment for depression and anxiety? Look no further than duloxetine. This powerful medication offers a next-level solution for managing your symptoms and improving your overall well-being.
Say goodbye to the limitations of citalopram and hello to the enhanced benefits of duloxetine. Experience a brighter future with our innovative antidepressant option.
Overview of citalopram
Citalopram is a commonly prescribed antidepressant medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It is primarily used to treat depression and related mood disorders. Citalopram works by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which helps to improve mood, feelings of well-being, and overall mental health.
Key points about citalopram:
• Effectiveness: Citalopram is effective in treating symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders.
• Side effects: Common side effects may include nausea, drowsiness, dry mouth, and sexual dysfunction.
• Dosage: The typical starting dose of citalopram is 20 mg per day, which can be adjusted by a healthcare provider based on individual needs.
• Duration of treatment: It may take several weeks for citalopram to reach its full therapeutic effect, and treatment duration can vary depending on the individual’s response.
It is essential to follow the prescribed dosage and consult with a healthcare provider before making any changes to citalopram treatment. If you experience any concerning side effects or changes in mood while taking citalopram, it is important to seek medical advice promptly.
Benefits of duloxetine
• May provide relief for symptoms of depression and anxiety
• Helps manage chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia
• Improves sleep quality and overall well-being
• Enhances mood and promotes a sense of well-being
• Reduces the frequency and severity of panic attacks
• Can be effective in treating various types of neuropathic pain
See also Pregabalin duloxetine and milnacipran
Improved symptom management
Switching from citalopram to duloxetine can lead to improved symptom management for individuals struggling with depression and anxiety disorders. Duloxetine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), offers a broader spectrum of action compared to citalopram, which is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).
Enhanced Efficacy
Duloxetine’s dual mechanism of action allows for better regulation of both serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the brain, resulting in more comprehensive symptom relief. This enhanced efficacy can lead to better control of depressive symptoms, including mood fluctuations, sleep disturbances, and cognitive issues.
Reduced Side Effects
Some individuals may experience fewer side effects with duloxetine compared to citalopram. This can contribute to a better overall treatment experience and may improve adherence to the medication regimen. Common side effects of citalopram, such as gastrointestinal disturbances or sexual dysfunction, may be less pronounced with duloxetine.
Summary: Switching to duloxetine can provide improved symptom management through its dual mechanism of action and potentially reduced side effects compared to citalopram.
Swapping process
When switching from citalopram to duloxetine, it is crucial to follow a carefully planned process to ensure a smooth transition and minimize any potential risks or side effects. Here are the steps to take:
Step 1: Consult with your healthcare provider to discuss the reasons for switching medications and ensure that duloxetine is the right choice for you.
Step 2: Gradually taper off citalopram under the guidance of your doctor to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
Step 3: Start taking duloxetine at a low dose initially and gradually increase it as directed by your healthcare provider.
Step 4: Monitor your symptoms closely during the transition period and report any new or worsening side effects to your doctor.
Step 5: Attend follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to evaluate the effectiveness of duloxetine and make any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.
See also Duloxetine liver failure
By following these steps and staying in close communication with your healthcare team, you can ensure a successful swapping process from citalopram to duloxetine.
Guidelines for transition
Considerations before switching:
Before transitioning from citalopram to duloxetine, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider to discuss the process in detail. Considerations should include the current dosage of citalopram, any side effects experienced, and the reason for the switch. It is crucial to ensure that the transition is medically appropriate and safe for the individual.
Individual health assessment:
An individualized health assessment should be conducted prior to the transition to evaluate the overall health status of the individual. This assessment may include a review of medical history, current medications, any known allergies, and any pre-existing conditions that could impact the transition process.
Monitoring and adjustments:
Once the transition to duloxetine has been initiated, close monitoring of the individual is essential to ensure the adjustment is successful. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider should be scheduled to assess the effectiveness of the new medication, monitor for side effects, and make any necessary dosage adjustments.
Considerations before switching
Before making the switch from citalopram to duloxetine, it is crucial to consider various factors that can impact the transition process. These considerations include:
1. Consult your healthcare provider: It is essential to consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication regimen. Your provider can assess your individual health status and determine if switching to duloxetine is the right choice for you.
2. Review potential side effects: Familiarize yourself with the potential side effects of duloxetine and discuss them with your healthcare provider. Understanding the possible risks can help you make an informed decision about the switch.
3. Adjust dosage carefully: When transitioning from citalopram to duloxetine, dosage adjustments may be necessary. Your healthcare provider will guide you through the process to ensure a smooth transition and minimize any potential adverse effects.
4. Monitor your symptoms: Keep track of your symptoms before and after the switch to duloxetine. Monitoring any changes in your mood, energy levels, and overall well-being can help you and your healthcare provider assess the effectiveness of the new medication.
See also Should i take duloxetine with food
Individual Health Assessment
Before switching from citalopram to duloxetine, it is crucial to conduct a comprehensive individual health assessment. This assessment should include a detailed review of the patient’s medical history, current medications, and any existing health conditions.
Key Considerations
Key Considerations
During the health assessment, the healthcare provider should consider the patient’s response to previous medications, any known allergies or adverse reactions, and any potential drug interactions that may arise with the new medication.
Consultation with a Healthcare Provider
It is essential to consult with a healthcare provider before making any changes to medication regimens. The healthcare provider can provide guidance on the transition process, dosage adjustments, and monitoring requirements to ensure a safe and effective transition to duloxetine.
Monitoring and adjustments
Once the transition from citalopram to duloxetine is complete, it is crucial to closely monitor the patient’s response to the new medication. Regular check-ins with the healthcare provider are essential to track any changes in symptoms, side effects, or overall well-being.
During the monitoring phase, adjustments to the duloxetine dosage may be necessary based on the individual’s response and tolerance. Healthcare providers should carefully assess the patient’s progress and make any needed changes to ensure optimal symptom management.
Patients should be encouraged to report any new or worsening symptoms, as well as any side effects they may experience while taking duloxetine. Open communication between the patient and the healthcare provider is key to making timely adjustments and ensuring the best treatment outcome.
Overall, monitoring and adjustments play a crucial role in the successful transition from citalopram to duloxetine, allowing for personalized and effective symptom management for each individual. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
captureStream() on dynamically created video element
I am trying to capture stream from dynamically created video element. when I get the video element and try to videoElement.captureStream() Firefox returns videoElement.captureStream is not a function but the same code works on Chrome. Problem seems like Firefox has an issue with dynamically created video element. I tried mutation observer to detect the newly added video element and access the captureStream method with no luck I am posting the code sample below (I am using adapter.js for WebRTC https://webrtc.github.io/adapter/adapter-latest.js)
(function (win) {
var listeners = [],
doc = win.document,
MutationObserver = win.MutationObserver || win.WebKitMutationObserver,
observer;
function ready(selector, fn) {
listeners.push({
selector: selector,
fn: fn
});
if (!observer) {
observer = new MutationObserver(check);
observer.observe(doc.documentElement, {
childList: true,
subtree: true
});
}
check();
}
function check() {
for (var i = 0, len = listeners.length, listener, elements; i < len; i++) {
listener = listeners[i];
elements = doc.querySelectorAll(listener.selector);
for (var j = 0, jLen = elements.length, element; j < jLen; j++) {
element = elements[j];
if (!element.ready) {
element.ready = true;
listener.fn.call(element, element);
}
}
}
}
win.ready = ready;
})(this);
ready('.jw-video',function(element){
var stream = null;
element.addEventListener('play',function(e){
//with firefox here e.target.captureStream or element.captureStream returns error
stream = e.target.captureStream();
var mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder(stream);
mediaRecorder.onerror = function(error){
console.log("media recorder error:",error);
}
mediaRecorder.start();
mediaRecorder.ondataavailable = function(evt){
console.log("mediaRecorderData");
var blob = evt.data;
var fileReader = new FileReader();
var arraybuffer;
fileReader.onload = function(){
arraybuffer = fileReader.result;
console.log("arraybuffer");
console.log(arraybuffer);
chunks.push(arraybuffer);
sendChunks(chunks);
};
fileReader.readAsArrayBuffer(blob);
}
window.setInterval(function(){
mediaRecorder.requestData();
},3000);
});
});
does anyone know how to access captureStream method of a newly added video element which both works on Chrome and Firefox or another approach to capture stream and convert it to arraybuffer from JWPlayer?
114 thoughts on “captureStream() on dynamically created video element”
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Mohammad Karamudini
Dr. Mohammad Karamudini (born 1955) is an Iranian writer, translator, science journalist and lecturer. He is the writer and translator of numerous articles and books in Persian on biology and biology education. He authored or translated more than 37 science books and many more articles in Persian publications. He is the recipient of numerous awards including "The Best Book of The Year" (three times: 2006, 2010, 2011 and 2017), "Roshd Festival for The Best Educational Books" (three times: 2002, 2011 and 2013) and "Festival for Best University Textbooks" (in 2012). Mohammad Karamudini is also a founder of Iranian Biology Olympiad and had been head of the national scientific committee of Iranian Biology Olympiad for 20 years.
Career
Mohammad Karamudini began his career in science education as a biology teacher in Iranian high schools in 1974. During his career, he has received numerous awards for his teaching performance among which is
Before his retirement in July 2006, Mohammad Karamudini was head of Biology Department, Organization for Educational Research and Planning in Iran for 10 years.
* the "Distinguished Teaching Award" from the "Ministry of Education", (1991)
* Curriculum Development Center's outstanding educator and researcher, (2001)
* the most outstanding researcher of the Organization for Educational Research and Planning, (2002)
Books and publications
Mohammad Karamudini has over 30 publications in the Persian. He has several papers in English, including:
* "Developing Biology Education in Developing Countries" presented in BioEd2000 in Paris, (2000)
* "Project-Based Learning in Science Education" presented in the 3ed International Conference on Science and Technology Education in East London, South Africa, (2003)
His book, the "Photosynthesis", brought to him the honor of being elected as the best author of educational publications for secondary students in 2003.
Some books in Persian
* "A Collection of Articles", Rahaveard, 1992;
* "Plant Biology, A Student Guide and Workbook", Fatemi Publisher, 2000;
* "Photosynthesis", Mehranb-e Ghalam, 2002;
* "Sokhan: Great encyclopedia of Persian Words", An 8 Volume Book, Elmi Publisher, (Group Work), 2002;
* "Biology", Madreseh Publisher, (Translated), 2003;
* "Animal Show", Ofogh, A 6 volume Book, (Translated), 2005;
* "Plants", Entesharat-e Fanni-e Iran, (Translated), 2005;
* "Ecology", Fatemi Publisher, (Translated), 2009;
* "Biological Sciences, A Textbook for 9th Graders", Chap Va Nashr Publication Co., (Group Work);
* "Biology and Lab(1), A textbook for 10th gradres", Chap Va Nashr Publication Co., (Group Work);
* "Biology and Lab(2), A textbook for 11th graders", Chap Va Nashr Publication Co., (Group Work);
* "Biology, A textbook for Preuniversity Students", Chap Va Nashr Publication Co., (Group Work);
* "Biological Sciences, A teachers book for Grade 9th", Chap Va Nashr Publication Co., (Group Work);
* "Biology and Lab, A Teachers Book for Grade 10th", Chap Va Nashr Publication Co., (Group Work);
* "Biology and Lab, A teachers Book for Grade 11th", Chap Va Nashr Publication Co., (Group Work);
* "Ecology and Animal Behavior", Fatemi Publisher,
* "Biology", Fatemi Publisher,
* "Encyclopedia of Science for Children", Ofogh Publisher, (Group Work), (Translated), Coming Soon;
* "Ethology", Fatemi Publisher;
* "Living as Butterlflies Do: A Collection of Articles", Khane-ye Zist Shensi, 2012 | WIKI |
blob: f5f25344913fe65ba201a34505828312cd4dbba2 [file] [log] [blame]
#!/usr/bin/env python2
# Copyright (c) 2013 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
# found in the LICENSE file.
import cgi
import json
import logging
import logging.handlers
import os
import sys
import common
from autotest_lib.client.bin import utils
from autotest_lib.client.common_lib.cros import chrome, xmlrpc_server
from autotest_lib.client.cros import constants
class InteractiveXmlRpcDelegate(xmlrpc_server.XmlRpcDelegate):
"""Exposes methods called remotely to create interactive tests.
All instance methods of this object without a preceding '_' are exposed via
an XML-RPC server. This is not a stateless handler object, which means that
if you store state inside the delegate, that state will remain around for
future calls.
"""
def login(self):
"""Login to the system and open a tab.
The tab opened is used by other methods on this server to interact
with the user.
@return True.
"""
self._chrome = chrome.Chrome(init_network_controller=True)
self._chrome.browser.platform.SetHTTPServerDirectories(
os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]))
self._tab = self._chrome.browser.tabs[0]
self._tab.Navigate(
self._chrome.browser.platform.http_server.UrlOf('shell.html'))
return True
def set_output(self, html):
"""Replace the contents of the tab.
@param html: HTML document to replace tab contents with.
@return True.
"""
# JSON does a better job of escaping HTML for JavaScript than we could
# with string.replace().
html_escaped = json.dumps(html)
# Use JavaScript to append the output and scroll to the bottom of the
# open tab.
self._tab.ExecuteJavaScript('document.body.innerHTML = %s; ' %
html_escaped)
self._tab.Activate()
self._tab.WaitForDocumentReadyStateToBeInteractiveOrBetter()
return True
def append_output(self, html):
"""Append HTML to the contents of the tab.
@param html: HTML to append to the existing tab contents.
@return True.
"""
# JSON does a better job of escaping HTML for JavaScript than we could
# with string.replace().
html_escaped = json.dumps(html)
# Use JavaScript to append the output and scroll to the bottom of the
# open tab.
self._tab.ExecuteJavaScript(
('document.body.innerHTML += %s; ' % html_escaped) +
'window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);')
self._tab.Activate()
self._tab.WaitForDocumentReadyStateToBeInteractiveOrBetter()
return True
def append_buttons(self, *args):
"""Append confirmation buttons to the tab.
Each button is given an index, 0 for the first button, 1 for the second,
and so on.
@param title...: Title of button to append.
@return True.
"""
html = ''
index = 0
for title in args:
onclick = 'submit_button(%d)' % index
html += ('<input type="button" value="%s" onclick="%s">' % (
cgi.escape(title),
cgi.escape(onclick)))
index += 1
return self.append_output(html)
def wait_for_button(self, timeout):
"""Wait for a button to be clicked.
Call append_buttons() before this to add buttons to the document.
@param timeout: Maximum time, in seconds, to wait for a click.
@return index of button that was clicked.
"""
# Wait for the button to be clicked.
utils.poll_for_condition(
condition=lambda:
self._tab.EvaluateJavaScript('window.__ready') == 1,
desc='User clicked on button.',
timeout=timeout)
# Fetch the result.
result = self._tab.EvaluateJavaScript('window.__result')
# Reset for the next button.
self._tab.ExecuteJavaScript(
'window.__ready = 0; '
'window.__result = null;')
return result
def check_for_button(self):
"""Check whether a button has been clicked.
Call append_buttons() before this to add buttons to the document.
@return index of button that was clicked or -1 if no button
has been clicked.
"""
if not self._tab.EvaluateJavaScript('window.__ready'):
return -1
# Fetch the result.
result = self._tab.EvaluateJavaScript('window.__result')
# Reset for the next button.
self._tab.ExecuteJavaScript(
'window.__ready = 0; '
'window.__result = null;')
return result
def append_list(self, name):
"""Append a results list to the contents of the tab.
@param name: Name to use for making modifications to the list.
@return True.
"""
html = '<div id="%s"></div>' % cgi.escape(name)
return self.append_output(html)
def append_list_item(self, list_name, item_name, html):
"""Append an item to a results list.
@param list_name: Name of list provided to append_list().
@param item_name: Name to use for making modifications to the item.
@param html: HTML to place in the list item.
@return True.
"""
# JSON does a better job of escaping HTML for JavaScript than we could
# with string.replace().
item_html = '"<div id=\\"%s\\"></div>"' % cgi.escape(item_name)
# Use JavaScript to append the output.
self._tab.ExecuteJavaScript(
'document.getElementById("%s").innerHTML += %s; ' % (
cgi.escape(list_name),
item_html))
self._tab.Activate()
self._tab.WaitForDocumentReadyStateToBeInteractiveOrBetter()
return self.replace_list_item(item_name, html)
def replace_list_item(self, item_name, html):
"""Replace an item in a results list.
@param item_name: Name of item provided to append_list_item().
@param html: HTML to place in the list item.
@return True.
"""
# JSON does a better job of escaping HTML for JavaScript than we could
# with string.replace().
html_escaped = json.dumps(html)
# Use JavaScript to append the output.
self._tab.ExecuteJavaScript(
'document.getElementById("%s").innerHTML = %s; ' % (
cgi.escape(item_name),
html_escaped))
self._tab.Activate()
self._tab.WaitForDocumentReadyStateToBeInteractiveOrBetter()
return True
def close(self):
"""Close the browser.
@return True.
"""
if hasattr(self, '_chrome'):
self._chrome.close();
return True
if __name__ == '__main__':
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(address='/dev/log')
formatter = logging.Formatter(
'interactive_xmlrpc_server: [%(levelname)s] %(message)s')
handler.setFormatter(formatter)
logging.getLogger().addHandler(handler)
logging.debug('interactive_xmlrpc_server main...')
server = xmlrpc_server.XmlRpcServer(
'localhost',
constants.INTERACTIVE_XMLRPC_SERVER_PORT)
server.register_delegate(InteractiveXmlRpcDelegate())
server.run() | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Carlyle's fourth-quarter earnings dive 18% on lower asset sales
(Reuters) - Carlyle Group Inc (CG.O) said on Wednesday fourth-quarter distributable earnings dropped 18%, as lower proceeds from asset sales in its private equity division eclipsed growth in its real asset portfolio. The Washington, D.C.-based private equity firm said its after-tax distributable earnings - the cash available for paying dividends to shareholders - for the quarter totaled $171.7 million, a drop from $210.5 million a year earlier. This resulted in an after-tax distributable earnings per share of 47 cents, which exceeded average analysts’ forecast of 43 cents, according to data compiled by Refinitiv. Last week, Blackstone Group Inc (BX.N) and Apollo Global Management Inc Apron reported fourth-quarter earnings that surpassed estimates, but their distributable earnings rose on stronger asset sales. KKR & Co Inc (KKR.N) also reported better-than-expected earnings despite slower asset sales. Carlyle’s private equity funds increased by 8% for the 2019 financial year. By comparison, private equity funds of Blackstone appreciated by 9.3%, for Apollo by 15.6% and for KKR by 27%. At the end of December, Carlyle said its unspent capital stood at $69 billion, while Blackstone had $151 billion, Apollo had $46 billion, and KKR’s unspent capital totaled $57 billion. Carlyle said it expects to raise $20 billion in 2020, mostly in its global credit and investment solutions divisions. “While it’s too early to discuss specific fund targets or timing, our goal for platform growth is for a 20% to 30% uplift in fundraising compared to the prior multi-year campaign,” Co-CEO Glenn Youngkin said on Wednesday during an earnings call with analysts and reporters. In July last year, Carlyle became the first U.S. private equity firm to announce that it would adopt a single-share structure, a move designed to expand its shareholder base and allows its inclusion in market indexes closely followed by large money managers. Carlyle said it expects to be added to the Russell 1000 and S&P Total Market indexes, among others. “We expect to be added to the Misky and S&P total market indices as well as several smaller indices which will occur in the March to June time frame,” Chief Financial Officer Curt Buser said during the call. “And we continue to believe we have met the criteria for inclusion in the S&P 500, but that, of course, is a more subjective evaluation.” Carlyle’s fourth-quarter total assets under management stood at $224 billion, compared with $221.8 billion reported in the previous quarter. Reporting by Chibuike Oguh in New York, Editing by Sherry Jacob-Phillips and Steve Orlofsky | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:J-Flexx
Untitled
http://nz.youtube.com/watch?v=8ARgCsM7Kks —Preceding unsigned comment added by Siwhat (talk • contribs) 02:44, 29 April 2008 (UTC)
Fair use rationale for Image:J. Flexx.JPG
Image:J. Flexx.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.
BetacommandBot 21:22, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
J.Flexx Productions?
Whats all this about j-flexx producing natural born killaz, california love and keep their heads ringin'? sure theres no doubt j-flexx wrote the lyrics for those songs. but the beats were produced by Dr. Dre, Sam Sneed and The Glove. J-flexx even said in an interview he only learnt to produce from watching sam sneed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Siwhat (talk • contribs) 02:16, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
Billboard Dreams Track Listing
In some places there are some different tracks listings for this album. Some say theres a song called down sunset with chamillionare and some other songs too. But i have the billboard dreams album and a lot of those tracks weren't on there. Were there two different versions? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:30, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
RETURN TO THE BATCAVE
J-Flexx had also written and performed 2 songs for this TV movie, according to the closing credits. They were Superhero (Watch Out) and Batman Theme Remix. The Remix had played at the end of the movie.
I´m a left-handed, single, Jewish, vegetarian, Sagittarius horse, who loves science fiction. 05:19, 27 June 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria
Ivan Vladislav (Їѡаннъ Владиславъ; Иван/Йоан Владислав; died February 1018) served as the emperor (tsar) of the First Bulgarian Empire from approximately August or September 1015 until February 1018. The precise year of his birth remains elusive; he was born at least ten years prior to 987, but likely not much earlier than that.
Saved from death by his cousin Gavril Radomir, the Bulgarian Emperor, in 976, Ivan Vladislav murdered him in October 1015 and seized the Bulgarian throne. Due to the desperate situation of the country following the decades-long war with the Byzantine Empire, and in an attempt to consolidate his position, he tried to negotiate truce with the Byzantine emperor Basil II. After the failure of the negotiations he continued the resistance, attempting unsuccessfully to push the Byzantines back. During his period of rule, Ivan Vladislav tried to strengthen the Bulgarian army, reconstructed many Bulgarian fortresses and even carried out a counter-offensive, but he died at the Battle of Dyrrhachium in 1018. After his death his widow, Empress Maria, the Patriarch and most of the nobility finally surrendered to Basil II, who soon suppressed the last remnants of resistance and brought about the end of the First Bulgarian Empire.
Ivan Vladislav left a mixed heritage, varying from a reputation of being a ruthless murderer to a hero defending his country as well as he could. The descendants of Ivan Vladislav entered the Byzantine nobility and rose to the highest ranks of the hierarchy. Two women of his family became empresses of the Byzantine Empire and others became military commanders or high-ranking officials. He was an ancestor of the Byzantine emperor John II Komnenos.
Early life
Ivan Vladislav was the son of Aron, the brother of Emperor Samuel (r. 997–1014) of the Cometopuli dynasty. In 976 or 987 Samuel ordered his brother Aron executed for treason together with his entire family near Razmetanitsa. Ivan Vladislav was the only survivor, being spared through the intercession of his cousin, Samuel's son Gavril Radomir. His life during the subsequent decades and until his accession is unknown.
Assumption of power
By 1015, Bulgaria had been embroiled in almost thirty years of war with the Byzantine Empire, and Gavril Radomir had succeeded Samuel, who died on 6 October 1014 after the disastrous Battle of Kleidion. However, from the outset Radomir's position was insecure: Ivan Vladislav, as a son of the elder of the Cometopouli brothers, could lay claim on the throne based on seniority. During that time the Byzantine Emperor Basil II campaigned deep into Bulgarian territory. He retook the previously lost town of Voden (Edessa) and laid siege to the massive fortress of Maglen, situated to the north-west. Gavril Radomir did not have enough forces and was unable to interfere and could only watch the course of the events from the nearby Lake Ostrovo. His inability to cope with the Byzantine threat aroused discontent among the nobility and Ivan Vladislav became their chosen leader. The fall of Maglen sealed Gavril Radomir's fate—in the late summer of 1015, while hunting near Ostrovo (Arnissa), he was murdered by his cousin, perhaps at the behest of Byzantine agents. Ivan Vladislav then seized the Bulgarian throne and took steps to ensure his position against potential rivals.
First months of reign
After assuming the throne, Ivan Vladislav immediately sent a delegation to Basil II, which arrived five days after the fall of Maglen. In his letter, Ivan Vladislav notified Basil that he had personally murdered Gavril Radomir and had seized all the power in the country and promised Basil deep humility and obedience, an act of submission which some in the nobility supported. After Ivan Vladislav firmly secured his hold on the throne, however, he openly declared to be against any kind of compromise with the Byzantines and quickly began to follow the determined policy of his predecessors against the ongoing Byzantine conquest. Basil II soon understood that Ivan Vladislav's letter was a ruse and plotted a retaliatory action, bribing the kavkhan Theodore, who was in Byzantine captivity, to murder the Bulgarian ruler. Theodore in turn paid a trusted man in Ivan Vladislav's employ to commit the murder, but in the event the assassin actually killed Theodore himself. In the meantime Basil II continued his march, forcing the Bulgarian emperor to retreat to the Albanian mountains, and advanced into the heart of the Bulgarian state. The Byzantines took the capital Ohrid and burned the imperial palaces; news, however, arrived that Ivan Vladislav had laid siege to Dyrrhachium and that to the south the Bulgarian general Ibatzes had defeated the Byzantine rear army in a battle near Bitola. With his supply routes cut, Basil II had to retreat back to Thessalonica leaving a small garrison in Ohrid, which was swiftly retaken by the Bulgarians. Back in his base at Mosynopolis, Basil divided the Byzantine army to harass the areas of Strumitsa and Sofia. In January 1016 the Byzantine emperor returned to Constantinople.
Consolidation
Meanwhile, Ivan Vladislav consolidated his positions in the mountains of Albania and Macedonia. As early as October 1015 he began the reconstruction of many strongholds destroyed during the war, including the fortress at Bitola (as testified in the Bitola inscription). In 1016 he invited his vassal Prince Jovan Vladimir of Doclea, who was married to Gabriel Radomir's sister Theodora Kosara, to come to his court. The emperor probably desired to seize the prince and so secure his western flank. The Prince was determined to attend the invitation of Tsar, but his wife Theodora Kosara did not trust the murderer of her brother, and fearing for her husband's life persuaded him not to go. Ivan Vladislav however vowed not to threaten his vassal's life, and sent him a golden cross as a proof of good will. Jovan Vladimir still hesitated, saying that God was nailed to a wooden not golden cross, but Ivan Vladislav repeated his vow and gave him a guarantee of safe-conduct, also guaranteed by the Bulgarian patriarch David. Eventually Jovan Vladimir travelled to the court of the Tsar in Prespa, but upon his arrival on 22 May, he was immediately beheaded, and the emperor refused to allow the burial of his body. It was not until a number of miraculous events related to the corpse of the prince were observed that Vladislav returned the body to Kosara.
In the spring of 1016 Basil II led his armies along the Struma valley and besieged the strong fortress of Pernik. The fort's defence was headed by the capable commander Krakra, who remained loyal to the Bulgarian cause. As all the previous attempts against Pernik, the 88-day siege was a failure, costing the Byzantines many casualties before they were forced to retreat south and regroup at Mosynopolis.
Fighting in 1017
In the early days of 1017 the Byzantine emperor renewed his campaigns. He sent David Arianites and Constantine Diogenes to pillage along the River Vardar and captured the castle of Longos. After that he marched south and besieged Kastoria. Under the walls of the town Basil II received messages from Tzitzikios, the Byzantine strategos of Dorostolon (Silistra), that Ivan Vladislav had sent Krakra to negotiate assistance from the Pechenegs and that they were crossing the Danube. The Byzantine emperor immediately abandoned the siege and hurried northwards, but in the vicinity of Lake Ostrovo he learned that the Pechenegs were unwilling to risk war. Returning south, Basil II captured Setina, where Samuel used to have a palace and acquired for himself the large amount of provisions that were stored there. Ivan Vladislav, who was closely monitoring the Byzantine movements, ambushed the troops who were under the command of Constantine Diogenes, who would have perished had not Basil II come to relieve him. According to John Skylitzes, the Emperor charged alone in front of his army to Diogenes' rescue. When the Bulgarians saw him, they shouted "Run, the Emperor" ("Βεγεῖτε Τσαῖσαρ") and retreated in panic. Contented with their victory, the Byzantines moved on to Voden and returned to Constantinople.
Death
In the early 1018 Ivan Vladislav besieged Dyrrhachium, but in February he was killed under the walls of the city. The accounts of his death are contradictory. According to some he became victim of a plot and was killed by his servants; according to others, he perished in battle. The Bulgarian additions to the Skylitzes Chronicle are more detailed, saying that Ivan Vladislav dueled with the strategos of Dyrrhachium, the patrikios Niketas Pegonites, on horseback, and while fighting, two Byzantine infantrymen from the audience rushed to the emperor and wounded him mortally in the belly. A later Byzantine historian claimed that the duel was fair and Pegonites stabbed Ivan Vladislav in the chest with his spear, killing him instantly. The Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja reports an altogether different story: while having a meal in his camp, the emperor was attacked by an unknown soldier, in whom Ivan Vladislav seemed to have recognized the murdered Jovan Vladimir. Terrified, he cried for help but no one rushed to his rescue and the unknown soldier mortally wounded the Bulgarian ruler.
His death marked the effective end of the Bulgarian Empire. Ivan Vladislav's sons were young and inexperienced, and even the strongest Bulgarian leaders doubted the advisability of further resistance. Upon learning of the death of the Tsar, Basil II left Constantinople. In Adrianople he was met by the brother of Krakra who acknowledged Byzantine authority. His example was followed by the larger part of the Bulgarian nobility who pledged loyalty to Basil II, giving up their fortresses. In Serres, Krakra along with the commanders of 35 castles met the emperor and surrendered, and in Strumitsa he received a message sent by the Empress-dowager Maria to negotiate the surrender of the capital and the country. Basil II richly awarded those who surrendered, allowing them to keep their lands, wealth and titles. Short-lived resistance continued under Ivan Vladislav's eldest son Presian and his brothers, but they also surrendered by the end of 1018.
Legacy
Living more than one hundred years after Ivan Vladislav, the historian known as the Priest of Duklja, who wrote from a Dukljan perspective, was outraged by the murder of Jovan Vladimir, and wrote that after the Tsar died, he was "forever connected with the angels of Satan". Many modern Bulgarian historians, including Vasil Zlatarski, also criticize the emperor, claiming that his actions hastened the fall of Bulgaria and that instead of raising the morale of the nation he turned into a murderer and was unable to cope with the intrigues and the corruption in court. Steven Runciman is also critical of the emperor, noting that his assassination of Gavril Radomir unleashed a general confusion where each noble started looking out for his own personal interests, but nevertheless credits him with "a considerable ruthless energy". Jordan Andreev is more favourable to Ivan Vladislav, noting that he had reasons for his acts—he had to revenge the murder of his family according to the old Bulgarian pagan beliefs, but he only killed Gavril Radomir and his wife without harming the rest of Gavril Radomir's family. He had to cope with Jovan Vladimir who, as a husband of one of Samuel's daughters, was a threat to his position, and had also attempted a compromise with the Byzantines. According to Andreev, Ivan Vladislav's struggle to defend the Bulgarian state and his heroic death serve to mitigate his ill deeds. He cites a Byzantine historian who claimed that during Ivan Vladislav's reign the Byzantine state "hanged in the balance, because that barbarian like Goliath resisted the Romans and they were all despaired by that invincible foe." The Polish historian Kazimierz Zakrzewski also writes with sympathy for the last ruler of the First Empire, in light of the fact that Ivan Vladislav managed to sustain a guerilla war which he skilfully ran until his death.
Ivan Vladislav Point on Rugged Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria.
Family
Ivan Vladislav married Maria, possibly the daughter of Tsar Boris II of Bulgaria and a Byzantine noblewoman, by whom he left progeny. Maria was named zoste patrikia by Basil II, and the descendants of Ivan Vladislav entered Byzantine service, becoming part of the Byzantine nobility and forming close ties with the Komnenos clan in particular. Both his daughter Catherine and an unnamed (possibly Anna) granddaughter married (future) Byzantine emperors. His second son Alusian took part in the Uprising of Petar Delyan against Byzantine rule but eventually betrayed the Bulgarian cause.
Maria and Ivan Vladislav had several children, including:
* 1) Presian, later Byzantine magistros
* 2) Alusian, Byzantine patrikios in 1019, strategos of Theodosiopolis in Anatolia, briefly emperor of Bulgaria in 1041
* 3) Aaron, Byzantine general
* 4) Trayan / Troianus, father of Maria of Bulgaria, who married Andronikos Doukas.
* 5) Catherine (Ekaterina), who married the future Byzantine Emperor Isaac I Komnenos | WIKI |
Related Condition Centers
Can Antibiotics Actually Make Your Birth Control Fail?
Do you need backup birth control or nah?
BirthControlandAntibiotics
Tatjana Ristanic/Stocksy
You’ve probably heard at some point that antibiotics and birth control don't mix. Maybe you even saw a warning on your prescription that it could decrease the effectiveness of hormonal birth control methods like the pill. And obviously the last thing you want to worry about when treating a UTI or sinus infection is birth control failure. But here’s the thing: There’s no science to support this.
That doesn’t mean the topic hasn’t been researched—it has.
One study published in the journal Contraception, looked at oral contraceptive failures and found no association between antibiotic use and unplanned pregnancy, though the researchers noted that this study alone could not prove that there is not an elevated risk of birth control failure when taking antibiotics. A review of medical literature published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology also found no connection between the vast majority of antibiotics, birth control, and unintended pregnancy, calling a possible link a “myth.” Older research has found no link between the antibiotics ciprofloxacin and fluconazole and decreased birth control effectiveness.
Despite that, this idea that all antibiotics will decrease the effectiveness of birth control lives on.
It's true that some antibiotics can have an effect on your birth control, but it's probably not the kind you're taking.
Research has found that the antibiotic rifampin, which is used to treat tuberculosis, and griseofulvin, a drug used to treat fungal infections, may decrease the effectiveness of hormonal birth control pills. These medications increase the activity of an enzyme in the liver that breaks down hormones, so the active hormones supplied by the pill get broken down faster than the body can use them to prevent ovulation, Jonathan Schaffir, M.D., an ob/gyn at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, tells SELF. However, it’s super unlikely this information applies to you. “It is very rare that a woman of reproductive age in this country would receive either [medication],” he says.
A 1999 review in the Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases looked at published papers between 1975 and 1998 that documented the interactions between antibiotics and oral contraceptives. They found that rifampin was the only antibiotic at that time that had been reported to reduce plasma estrogen concentrations. In their search, a few other antibiotics were associated with contraceptive failure in three or more case reports, including: ampicillin, amoxicillin, griseofulvin, metronidazole, and tetracycline. However, they concluded that these reports came from retrospective case studies, so a definitive interaction could not be proven.
Common, regularly-used antibiotics have “shown no clinical interference,” Brian Miller, M.D., assistant professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology at University of Cincinnati Health, tells SELF. “It’s just hearsay that doesn’t have any scientific reasoning.”
Keep in mind that birth control failures can happen regardless of antibiotic use.
All birth control options have failure rates, which are determined by the percentage of people who will experience an unintended pregnancy within the first year of using a birth control method. According to a 2011 study in the journal Contraception, the birth control pill has a less than 1 percent failure rate with perfect use (when used consistently and correctly every single time) and a 9 percent failure rate with typical use (when you also factor in people who don't use it perfectly every single time).
The concern about antibiotics and birth control effectiveness is “mostly anecdotal and likely overstated,” Dr. Schaffir says. Knowing that birth control failures already happen as a result of human error, and that antibiotic use is so common, it's possible that these two issues often sync up by chance, he says. That might explain why your sister's friend's cousin swears she got pregnant after antibiotics messed up her birth control. As with any retrospective case study, it's not possible to pin that on the antibiotic.
As for the drug interaction warnings that can pop up, doctors are stumped, too. “We’re not 100 percent sure why pharmaceutical companies do this,” Fahimeh Sasan, D.O., assistant professor of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, tells SELF.
Despite the lack of supportive research, it doesn't seem that this warning will go away anytime soon.
Andrea Fischer, a spokesperson for the Food and Drug Administration, which regulates medications in the U.S., tells SELF that the organization believes it’s “appropriate” to include a drug interaction warning for antibiotics and birth control pills. “The agency recognizes that, with the exception of rifampin-like drugs, the scientific evidence is limited regarding whether commonly prescribed antibiotics either reduce blood levels or the effectiveness of oral contraceptives,” she says. “Both antibiotics and oral contraceptives are prescribed frequently to women of childbearing potential; although one might expect to see a much higher rate of oral contraceptive failure if there is a drug-drug interaction, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies may not be of sufficient size to detect the interaction if a drug-drug interaction exists but is a relatively rare event.”
Fischer acknowledges that it’s also possible that some reports of unintended pregnancies in women taking antibiotics may simply be due to the already known failure rate of birth control pills. “However, taking all of the available information into account, at this time the agency’s conclusion is that this information should remain in the labeling for oral contraceptives,” she says.
If you're taking antibiotics and rely on hormonal birth control to prevent pregnancy, there are a few things you should keep in mind.
For starters, always talk to your doctor about the medications you're taking and your risk of pregnancy if that's something you're worried about. You should also be aware of any side effects that could also be associated with decreased birth control effectiveness. For instance, diarrhea and vomiting (if severe) may impede the absorption of your pill, rendering it less effective. And if you're sick in bed with a fever for days, there's a chance you could miss a few pills, which would also decrease the effectiveness.
And if a few case studies showing a possible link are enough to make you wary of your birth control's ability to stand up to antibiotics, then you might want to use a condom or abstain from sex. If you really, truly do not want to get pregnant, you may appreciate that added security or warning label. And there's nothing wrong with that.
Related:
You May Also Like: The History of Condoms | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Chiefkallay
The Late Alhaji Chief A.Mucktarru Kallay was Born September 24TH 1913 in Freetown,Sierra Leone,West Africa. The son Of the late Alpha Ahemed Tejanee Kallay and Mother the late Isata Tarawalie. | WIKI |
1993 Vuelta a España, Stage 1 to Stage 11
The 1993 Vuelta a España was the 48th edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in A Coruña, with an individual time trial on 26 April, and Stage 11 occurred on 6 May with a stage to Cerler. The race finished in Santiago de Compostela on 16 May.
Stage 1
26 April 1993 — A Coruña to A Coruña, 10 km (ITT)
Stage 2
27 April 1993 — A Coruña to Vigo, 251.1 km
Stage 3
28 April 1993 — Vigo to Ourense, 171.4 km
Stage 4
29 April 1993 — A Gudiña to Salamanca, 233.4 km
Stage 5
30 April 1993 — Salamanca to Ávila, 219.8 km
Stage 6
1 May 1993 — Palazuelos de Eresma (Destilerías DYC) to Navacerrada, 24.1 km (ITT)
Stage 7
2 May 1993 — Palazuelos de Eresma (Destilerías DYC) to Madrid, 184 km
Stage 8
3 May 1993 — Aranjuez to Albacete, 225.1 km
Stage 9
4 May 1993 — Albacete to Valencia, 224 km
Stage 10
5 May 1993 — Valencia to La Sénia, 206 km
Stage 11
6 May 1993 — Lleida to Cerler, 221 km | WIKI |
Page:Carroll (Mind, 1895).djvu/3
280 "Then Logic would take you by the throat, and force you to do it!" Achilles triumphantly replied. "Logic would tell you 'You can't help yourself. Now that you've accepted A and B and C and D, you must accept Z!' So you've no choice, you see."
"Whatever Logic is good enough to tell me is worth writing down," said the Tortoise. "So enter it in your book, please. We will call it (E) If A and B and C and D are true, Z must be true. Until I've granted that, of course I needn't grant Z. So it's quite a necessary step, you see?"
"I see," said Achilles; and there was a touch of sadness in his tone.
Here the narrator, having pressing business at the Bank, was obliged to leave the happy pair, and did not again pass the spot until some months afterwards. When he did so, Achilles was still seated on the back of the much-enduring Tortoise, and was writing in his note-book, which appeared to be nearly full. The Tortoise was saying "Have you got that last step written down? Unless I've lost count, that makes a thousand and one. There are several millions more to come. And would you mind, as a personal favour, considering what a lot of instruction this colloquy of ours will provide for the Logicians of the Nineteenth Century—would you mind adopting a pun that my cousin the Mock-Turtle will then make, and allowing yourself to be re-named Taught-Us?"
"As you please!" replied the weary warrior, in the hollow tones of despair, as he buried his face in his hands. "Provided that you, for your part, will adopt a pun the Mock-Turtle never made, and allow yourself to be re-named A Kill-Ease!" | WIKI |
User:Nabeelarifbutt
Introduction of Mohammad Nabeel Qadri
******************************
"All the praises and all the strength for Allah almighty.” This is a brief introduction of my Shaykh, Pir Mohammed Nabeel Qadri Qadeeri Mohammadi, who is an eminent Spiritual scholar, a spectacular writer and a true sufi. Though character of Allah’s friend cannot be explained by common devotee but this short description is to introduce you with Pir Sahab’s teachings and work. Pir sahab is currently living in Lahore Pakistan and completed his formal education. His spiritual journey started when he accepted Bayt from his Shaykh Hazrat Maulana Shah Wali Muhammad (R.A) Bareily, India. In his tender age he was blessed with spiritual vision. At the age of twenty Hazrat Usman Ali Hajveri (Data Sahab) (R.A) called him to his shrine and offered him with his apprenticeship and guidance, since then he has spent most of his time in Ziker e Allah (remembrance of Allah), gaining knowledge and practicing Tasawuf. In all his life phases he always maintained a special devotion and love towards Allah and His Rasool ﷺ, a kind of devotion which is not seen normally. This devotion has taken him to Madina Shareef for Faizan-e-Rasool ﷺ, and he has maintain yearly practice to offer his presence at Darbar-e-Risalat ﷺ (Madina tul Munawara). He has travelled to famous Aulia Allah for guidance and trainings He is blessed with Khilafat of all four major spiritual orders (Qadriya, Naqshbandiya, Soharvardiya and Chishtiya) from Hazrat Syed Abdul Rasheed Miyan Hazoor (R.A) and also from Shah Anwar Mehmood Miyan Hazoor (R.A). He is frequently travelling in different cities of Pakistan and UAE delivering lectures, preaching Islam and Sufisim. He is founding member of the Shahwali foundation which is providing livelihood for the needy. He has written many books, one of his renowned book is by the name of Shifa-e-Wali based on Tibb-e-Nabwi ﷺ. Furthermore, magazines are being published by his institute on various Islamic topics regularly. His students and devotees are widely spread over the globe but majority resides in Pakistan, UAE and United Kingdom. Pir Sahab’s Khulfa are spreading his teachings and practices in different parts of world. May Allah bless him with his struggle and good work.
Ameen.
Written by Hasan Mustafa. -> http://www.allahhoo.pk | WIKI |
Joe Gaeta, an 88-year-old football official on Long Island, more than keeps up with his peers, many of whom are decades younger.
While Time Marches On, a Referee Jogs, Sprints or Dashes
BAY SHORE, N.Y. — On a recent Sunday on Long Island, Joe Gaeta sprinted nearly 10 miles over the course of a four-and-a-half-hour workday. Wearing an exercise tracking device, Gaeta put in the kind of day that has become rather routine for him over the last quarter-century: He officiated four Police Athletic League youth football games, jogging across the gridiron more than three dozen times to back up a fellow official’s call. He dashed 100 yards on three occasions to follow long scoring plays and sprinted to the end zone a dozen other times to chase touchdown jaunts of more than 40 yards. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Posttranscriptional Regulation in Response to Different Environmental Stresses in Campylobacter jejuni
Stephen Li, Jenna Lam, Leonidas Souliotis, Mohammad Tauqeer Alam, Chrystala Constantinidou
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Abstract
The survival strategies that Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) employ throughout its transmission and infection life cycles remain largely elusive. Specifically, there is a lack of understanding about the posttranscriptional regulation of stress adaptations resulting from small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs). Published C. jejuni sRNAs have been discovered in specific conditions but with limited insights into their biological activities. Many more sRNAs are yet to be discovered as they may be condition-dependent. Here, we have generated transcriptomic data from 21 host- and transmission-relevant conditions. The data uncovered transcription start sites, expression patterns and posttranscriptional regulation during various stress conditions. This data set helped predict a list of putative sRNAs. We further explored the sRNAs’ biological functions by integrating differential gene expression analysis, coexpression analysis, and genome-wide sRNA target prediction. The results showed that the C. jejuni gene expression was influenced primarily by nutrient deprivation and food storage conditions. Further exploration revealed a putative sRNA (CjSA21) that targeted tlp1 to 4 under food processing conditions. tlp1 to 4 are transcripts that encode methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which are responsible for chemosensing. These results suggested CjSA21 inhibits chemotaxis and promotes survival under food processing conditions. This study presents the broader research community with a comprehensive data set and highlights a novel sRNA as a potential chemotaxis inhibitor. IMPORTANCE The foodborne pathogen C. jejuni is a significant challenge for the global health care system. It is crucial to investigate C. jejuni posttranscriptional regulation by small RNAs (sRNAs) in order to understand how it adapts to different stress conditions. However, limited data are available for investigating sRNA activity under stress. In this study, we generate gene expression data of C. jejuni under 21 stress conditions. Our data analysis indicates that one of the novel sRNAs mediates the adaptation to food processing conditions. Results from our work shed light on the posttranscriptional regulation of C. jejuni and identify an sRNA associated with food safety.
Original languageEnglish
JournalMicrobiology spectrum
Volume10
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2022
Keywords
• bioinformatics
• C. jejuni
• signal transduction
• sRNA
• transcriptional regulation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Physiology
• Ecology
• General Immunology and Microbiology
• Genetics
• Microbiology (medical)
• Cell Biology
• Infectious Diseases
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Shadow banning
Shadow banning, also called stealth banning, hellbanning, ghost banning, and comment ghosting, is the practice of blocking or partially blocking a user or the user's content from some areas of an online community in such a way that the ban is not readily apparent to the user, regardless of whether the action is taken by an individual or an algorithm. For example, shadow-banned comments posted to a blog or media website would be visible to the sender, but not to other users accessing the site.
The phrase "shadow banning" has a colloquial history and has undergone some usage evolution. It originally applied to a deceptive sort of account suspension on web forums, where a person would appear to be able to post while actually having all of their content hidden from other users. More recently, the term has come to apply to alternative measures, particularly visibility measures like delisting and downranking.
By partly concealing, or making a user's contributions invisible or less prominent to other members of the service, the hope may be that in the absence of reactions to their comments, the problematic or otherwise out-of-favour user will become bored or frustrated and leave the site, and that spammers and trolls will be discouraged to continue their unwanted behavior or create new accounts.
History
In the mid-1980s, BBS forums including Citadel BBS software had a "twit bit" for problematic users which, when enabled, would limit the user's access while still allowing them to read public discussions; however, any messages posted by that "twit" would not be visible to the other members of that group.
The term "shadow ban" is believed to have originated with moderators on the website Something Awful in 2001, although the feature was only used briefly and sparsely.
Michael Pryor of Fog Creek Software described stealth banning for online forums in 2006, saying how such a system was in place in the project management system FogBugz, "to solve the problem of how do you get the person to go away and leave you alone". As well as preventing problem users from engaging in flame wars, the system also discouraged spammers, who if they returned to the site would be under the false impression that their spam was still in place. The Verge describes it as "one of the oldest moderation tricks in the book", noting that early versions of vBulletin had a global ignore list known as "Tachy goes to Coventry", as in the British expression "to send someone to Coventry", meaning to ignore them and pretend they do not exist.
A 2012 update to Hacker News introduced a system of "hellbanning" for spamming and abusive behavior.
Early on, Reddit implemented a similar feature, initially designed to address spam accounts. In 2015, Reddit added an account suspension feature that was said to have replaced its sitewide shadowbans, though moderators can still shadowban users from their individual subreddits via their AutoModerator configuration. A Reddit user was accidentally shadow banned for one year in 2019, subsequently they contacted support and their comments were restored.
A study of tweets written in a one-year period during 2014 and 2015 found that over a quarter million tweets had been censored in Turkey via shadow banning. Twitter was also found, in 2015, to have shadowbanned tweets containing leaked documents in the US.
Craigslist has also been known to "ghost" a user's individual ads, whereby the poster gets a confirmation email and may view the ad in their account, but the ad fails to show up in the appropriate category page.
WeChat was found in 2016 to have banned, without notice, posts and messages that contain various combinations of at least 174 keywords, including "习包子" (Xi Bao Zi), "六四天安门" (June 4 Tiananmen), "藏青会" (Tibetan Youth Congress), and "ئاللاھ يولىدا" (in the way of Allah).
In 2017, the phenomenon was noticed on Instagram, with posts which included specific hashtags not showing up when those hashtags were used in searches.
Political controversies
"Shadow banning" became popularized in 2018 as a conspiracy theory when Twitter shadow-banned some Republicans. In late July 2018, Vice News found that several supporters of the US Republican Party no longer appeared in the auto-populated drop-down search menu on Twitter, thus limiting their visibility when being searched for; Vice News alleged that this was a case of shadow-banning. After the story, some conservatives accused Twitter of enacting a shadowban on Republican accounts, a claim which Twitter denied. However, some accounts that were not overtly political or conservative apparently had the same algorithm applied to them. Numerous news outlets, including The New York Times, The Guardian, Buzzfeed News, Engadget and New York magazine, disputed the Vice News story. In a blog post, Twitter said that the use of the phrase "shadow banning" was inaccurate, as the tweets were still visible by navigating to the home page of the relevant account. In the blog post, Twitter claims it does not shadow ban by using "the old, narrow, and classical" definition of shadow banning. Later, Twitter appeared to have adjusted its platform to no longer limit the visibility of some accounts. In a research study that examined more than 2.5 million Twitter profiles, it was discovered that almost one in 40 had been shadowbanned by having their replies hidden or having their handles hidden in searches.
During the 2020 Twitter account hijackings, hackers successfully managed to obtain access to Twitter's internal moderation tools via both social engineering and paying off an insider who worked at Twitter. Through this, images were leaked of an internal account summary page, which in turn revealed user "flags" set by the system that confirmed the existence of shadow bans on Twitter. Accounts were flagged with terms such as "Trends Blacklisted" and "Search Blacklisted" implying that the user was not able to publicly trend, or show up in public search results. After the situation was dealt with, Twitter faced accusations of censorship with claims that they were trying to hide the existence of shadow bans by removing tweets that contained images of the internal staff tools used, however Twitter claimed they were removed as they revealed sensitive user information.
On December 8, 2022, the second thread of the Twitter Files—a series of Twitter threads based on internal Twitter, Inc. documents shared by owner Elon Musk with independent journalists Matt Taibbi and Bari Weiss—addressed a practice referred to as "visibility filtering" by previous Twitter management. The functionality included tools allowing accounts to be tagged as "Do not amplify", and under "blacklists" that reduce their prominence in search results and trending topics. It was also revealed that certain conservative accounts, such as the far-right Libs of TikTok, had been given a warning stating that decisions regarding them should only be made by Twitter's Site Integrity Policy, Policy Escalation Support (SIP–PES) team—which consists primarily of high-ranking officials. The functions were given by Musk and other critics as examples of "shadow banning".
Conspiracy theories
A form of conspiracy theory has become popular in which a social media content creator suggests that their content has been intentionally suppressed by a platform which claims not to engage in shadow banning. Platforms frequently targeted by these accusations include Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and Instagram.
To explain why users may come to believe they are subject to "shadow bans" even when they are not, Elaine Moore of the Financial Times writes: "Like Uber drivers and Deliveroo couriers, social media influencers are at the mercy of algorithms. This makes them perfect fodder for conspiracy theories. It also makes sense that influencers would be baffled by any sudden decrease in engagement and spooked by changes that might jeopardise the brand deals they sign.
Instead of believing that their own popularity is waning, some cling to the idea that shadowbans are a disciplinary measure that is used against creators who do not warrant an outright ban from a platform." | WIKI |
St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church
St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church is a Catholic church in the Los Angeles Archdiocese, Our Lady of the Angels Pastoral Region. The church is located on Sunset Boulevard in the affluent Brentwood section of Los Angeles, California.
History
The parish of St. Martin of Tours in Los Angeles was founded in 1946. The land acquired for the construction of the church was formerly an orchard on the estate of actor Gary Cooper. Ground was broken for the construction of the church on February 9, 1947, and the cost of the church was estimated at $150,000 with an additional $25,000 for furnishings. The church was dedicated in November 1947.
The parish has been served by two pastors for most of its existence. Father Augustine C. Murray was the first pastor, serving in that capacity for 28 years from 1946 to 1974. Lawrence Monsignor O'Leary later served as pastor for 24 years from 1979 to 2003.
In March 1949, the church was damaged in a fire set by an arsonist described by the Los Angeles Times as a "wild-eyed" and "crazed 25-year-old UCLA art student". After setting the church on fire in the early morning hours, the arsonist, dressed in a well-cut flannel suit, stood in the middle of the church parking lot screaming, "The church is afire. Let her burn. Let her burn." When the pastor and staff tried to extinguish the fire, the arsonist tried to block their passage, struck a staff member in the face, and threw a statue at the fire. The fire caused $5,000 in damages, and the following day, Father Murray said Mass in the church and urged forgiveness for the young man who had set the fire: "Let us pray for the poor boy who didn't know what he was doing. Let us pray that Almighty God may give him back his health."
In 1983, the parish built a parish center that is used for education, social functions, meetings and entertainment. The church was renovated in 1989.
Effective July 1, 2021, Fr. Paul Fitzpatrick was named pastor of St. Martin of Tours.
Architecture
The church building is designed in the Moorish style.
St. Martin of Tours School
In 1954, St. Martin of Tours School was opened. It was operated by the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondolet until 1979.
In 1998, the school added a new wing, which included administration offices, a library, science lab and reading/math lab.
Today, St. Martin of Tours is Los Angeles' premier Preparatory Academy for students in grades K-8, and home to the only STEM Network Partner school within the Archdiocese of Los Angeles. The school provides a rigorous academic program for students and offers the following:
* Advanced Courses in STEAM, Language Arts, Spanish and Latin
* 1:1 Technology
* Performing Arts
* Fine Arts - Art and Music
* Service Learning
* Athletic Program
* Travel Experiences to Washington D.C., Houston Space Center, and Pali Institute Aftercare & Enrichment Programs.
* St. Martin of Tours Schools has a nationally ranked Academic Decathlon program for students in grades 6-8
Association with celebrities
The parish is located in an affluent section of Los Angeles that is the home of numerous celebrities and prominent business persons.
Movie and stage actor Frank Fay was one of the founding members of the parish, and Mass was celebrated in the pool house of Fay's estate before the completion of the church building in 1947.
The church was built on a site adjacent to the estate of movie actor Gary Cooper. In 1979, the parish purchased Cooper's estate. The house was used as a convent, and the grounds were used as a playground for the students at St. Martin of Tours School and for church parking. The house was sold in 1980 after the Sisters of St. Joseph ceased operating the school.
In 1948, parishioners Frank Fay and Joe E. Brown began the tradition of an annual social event that was originally known as "Murray's Follies" and later became known as the "Leprechaun Ball." The Leprechaun Ball is an ongoing tradition at the parish. Celebrities and parishioners who have assisted with the event over the years include Richard Egan, Edmond O'Brien, Maureen O'Hara, Donald O'Connor, Steve McQueen, Barron Hilton, Dennis Day, the Lennon Sisters, the Lawrence Welk Orchestra, and Pat O'Brien.
Over the years, St. Martin has been the site of many celebrity weddings, baptisms and funerals, including the following:
* In 1951, the daughter of Tyrone Power and Linda Christian, Romina Francesca, was baptized at St. Martin of Tours.
* In April 1959, the funeral of Irish-American actor James Gleason was held at St. Martin of Tours. The requiem mass at St. Martin's was attended by, among others, John Wayne, Pat O'Brien, and Frank McHugh.
* In August 1959, actress Margaret O'Brien was married to art student Harold Robert Allen, Jr., at St. Martin of Tours. The bridesmaids included Anna Maria Alberghetti.
* In July 1960, the funeral for author and journalist Gene Fowler was held at St. Martin of Tours. Pallbearers at the funeral included former heavyweight boxing champion Jack Dempsey, Jimmy Durante, and Randolph Hearst, and chants were sung by the Roger Wagner Chorale.
* On April 20, 1963, fine artist Kristin Harmon married actor and singer Ricky Nelson
* In October 1983, the funeral for Pat O'Brien, "the prototypical charming Irishman in scores of films," was held at St. Martin of Tours.
* In May 1985, the funeral for Academy Award-winning actor Edmond O'Brien was held at the church.
* In July 1987, the funeral for Golden Globe-winning actor Richard Egan was held at the church.
* In March 1994, the funeral for actor and comedian John Candy was held at St. Martin of Tours. The funeral was attended by many actors and celebrities, including Tom Hanks, Chevy Chase, Bill Murray, Martin Short, and Rick Moranis. The eulogy was given by Dan Aykroyd.
* In June 1994, the funeral of murder victim Nicole Brown Simpson, ex-wife of O. J. Simpson was held at St. Martin of Tours. The funeral occurred amid "the buzz of media helicopters" and a "phalanx of reporters and camera people" flanking Saltair Avenue as suspected killer O. J. Simpson arrived at the funeral with the couple's children, Justin and Sydney. Nicole Simpson's light wood casket covered with a spray of white roses was taken to the church in a white hearse. Caitlyn Jenner (then Bruce), Steve Garvey and Al Cowlings were among those in attendance.
* In August 1998, the funeral for Pulitzer Prize-winning sportswriter Jim Murray was held at St. Martin of Tours. The funeral was attended by numerous sports, business and entertainment celebrities, including Mike Tyson and Peter Falk. Jack Whitaker delivered a eulogy in which he said, "Once again, he has out-written us all, because he is his own eulogy."
* In August 2002, St. Martin of Tours was the site of the funeral of Los Angeles Lakers announcer Chick Hearn. The funeral mass was given by Cardinal Roger M. Mahony and attended by sports legends and celebrities, including Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Magic Johnson, Kobe Bryant, Los Angeles Mayor James Hahn, California Gov. Gray Davis, Vin Scully, John Wooden, and Jack Nicholson. In addition to 400 present at St. Martin, the funeral was simulcast to 19,000 fans at Staples Center and broadcast on Los Angeles television stations. In his eulogy, Cardinal Mahony told mourners: "I am going to go outside and look up in the sky, because I think for the last time we will see the meteor go by, and we will wave so long. This one's in the refrigerator."
* In 2006, the funeral mass for Jane Wyatt was held at St. Martin of Tours.
Mass schedule
Masses at St. Martin of Tours are in the English language. The regular weekend Mass schedule is Saturdays at 5:30 p.m., and Sundays at 7:30 a.m., 9:30 a.m., 11:30 a.m., and 5:30 p.m. Weekday Mass is offered Monday through Saturday at 8:15 a.m. | WIKI |
Apparently slingshots are really cool now and nobody told me
I had a really nice slingshot as a kid. Not a Y-shaped stick with a rubber band on it, but a seriously legit metal slingshot with an arm brace and everything. But it had nothing on the Assolar SS-12, which I just saw on The Gadgeteer. Look at this thing! Officially listed on Amazon as the "Assolar SS-12 Multi-function Super Power Stainless Hunting Laser Slingshot, Hunting Bow with Adjustable Spring and Quality Rubber Bands," this slingshot has a spring mechanism to amp up the power of your shots, a laser for aiming, and an included attachment to turn the slingshot into an arrow launcher. I have no idea if this is the best $85 slingshot on the market, but I do know I want one. Amazon is full of bizarre slingshots with more attachments and accessories than a high-end camera rig. Like the "Yancorp Powerful Hunting Slingshot with Arrow Knock, Wrist Support, 4 Sets Rubber Bands, Flash Light," and the wide variety of fishing slingshots that have a built-in reel. I have no desire to go hunting or fishing — or really to leave the house at all — but I feel like one of these sweet slingshots would definitely make 12-year-old Paul the coolest kid in the neighborhood. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Fire Queen
Steam yachts
Is there a place for the steamers called Fire Queen?Downypilt (talk) 09:26, 18 October 2010 (UTC)
Not in this article. If the steamers are notable (i.e. there are enough references to support them), then write their article under SY Fire Queen and also create Fire Queen (disambiguation). See WP:MOSDAB for further details. If there is no time or content to support an article on them, then I'd create a redirect page on them, pointed at their existing coverage under Steam yacht. Andy Dingley (talk) 17:18, 18 October 2010 (UTC) | WIKI |
Bulgarian Inflation Rate Rises to 4.8% in May on Fuel and Food
Bulgarian inflation quickened in May
after slowing the previous month as fuel and food prices in the
European Union’s poorest country rose. The annual rate was 4.8 percent, compared with 4.6 percent
in April, the National Statistics Institute in Sofia said today
in a statement on its website. The median estimate of four
economists surveyed by Bloomberg was for a rate of 5.1 percent.
Prices were unchanged compared with April. Central banks around the world are fighting inflation
spurred by higher food and fuel costs. Rising global commodity
prices have also been a factor as the country recovers from a
recession. Bulgaria ’s economy expanded 3.4 percent in the first
quarter, driven by exports. The International Monetary Fund cut its inflation forecasts
for Bulgaria on May 20 to an average 4.2 percent this year and 3
percent in 2012, from 4.8 percent and 3.7 percent respectively.
The government forecasts annual inflation at 3.6 percent this
year, after overshooting last year’s target of 3.2 percent. To contact the reporter on this story:
Elizabeth Konstantinova in Sofia at
ekonstantino@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
James M. Gomez at jagomez@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Bakasuprman/Garage
A list of tools for easy access. Home Page
Stub Sorting - List of stubs - WP:TDEL - WP:TD - WP:BOX - WP:UTM - Essjay tools - WP:INB - WP:DSI - WP:INBIN - PageHist stat - Category:India_stubs - WP:TEMPLAR | WIKI |
Developing and deploying a modulus checking API
Standard
Following my latest post about a Go package to validate UK bank account numbers, I wanted to offer a public API to let people check if a UK bank account number is valid or not. I know that offering a Go package is not ideal for everyone because for the moment Go is not everywhere in the tech ecosystem, and it’s always convenient to have an API you can send requests to, especially in a frontend context. My goal was to offer a JSON API, supporting authentication thanks to a HTTP header and with rate limits. With this, in the future you could adapt rate limits to some API keys, if you want to allow a larger amount of requests for some clients.
Packages I used
I wanted to give cloudflare/service a go because it lets you build quickly JSON APIs with some default endpoints for heartbeat, version information, statistics and monitoring. I used etcinit/speedbump to offer the rate limiting functionality and it was very easy to use. Note that the rate limiting functionality requires a Redis server to store request counts. Finally, I used the famous codegangsta/negroni to create middlewares to handle API authentication and rate limits and keeping my only controller relatively clean.
Deploying behind Nginx
My constraints were the following:
• The API should only be accessible via HTTPS and HTTP should redirect to HTTPS.
• The Golang server should run on a port > 1024 and the firewall will block access to everything but ports 22, 80 and 443
• The only endpoints that should be exposed to the public are /verify, /version and /heartbeat. Statistics and monitoring should be accessible by administrators on localhost through HTTP
I ended up with this Nginx virtual host to suit my needs, I’m not sure if it can be simpler:
geo $is_localhost {
default 0;
127.0.0.1/32 1;
}
server {
listen 80;
listen 443 ssl;
server_name modulus.antoine-augusti.fr localhost.antoine-augusti.fr;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/modulus.antoine-augusti.fr.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/modulus.antoine-augusti.fr.key;
if ($is_localhost) {
set $test A;
}
if ($scheme = http) {
set $test "${test}B";
}
# Redirect to HTTPS if not connecting from localhost
if ($test = B) {
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
# Only the following endpoints are accessible to people not on localhost
location ~ ^/(verify|heartbeat|version) {
include sites-available/includes/dispatch-golang-server;
}
# Default case
location / {
# Not on localhost? End of game
if ($is_localhost = 0) {
return 403;
}
# Forward request for people on localhost
include sites-available/includes/dispatch-golang-server;
}
}
And for sites-available/includes/dispatch-golang-server:
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
With this, I can still access the reserved endpoints by opening a SSH tunnel first with ssh -L4242:127.0.0.1:80 [email protected] and going to http://localhost.antoine-augusti.fr:4242/stats after.
Note that the Golang server is running on port 8080 and it should be monitored by Supervisor or whatever you want to use.
Grabbing the code and a working example
First of all, the API is available on GitHub under the MIT license so that you can deploy and adapt it yourself. If you want to test it first, you can use the API key foo against the base domain https://modulus.antoine-augusti.fr. Here is a cURL call for the sake of the example:
curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Api-Key: foo" -X POST -d '{"sort_code": "308037", "account_number": "12345678"}' https://modulus.antoine-augusti.fr/verify
Note that this API key is limited to 5 requests per minute. You’ve been warned 🙂 Looking for more requests per month or SLA, drop me a line.
Go challenge: validating UK bank account numbers
Standard
As I was reading through the SEPA specification, I found that it was not that simple to check if a UK bank account number was valid or not. If you’re not familiar with UK banks, they don’t use IBAN to transfer money within the UK, but a combination of a sort code and an account number. A sort code identifies the bank’s branch and each account has got an account number. A sort code is a 6 digits number and an account number can be between 6 and 11 digits, but most of them are 8 digits long.
For example, here is a valid UK bank account:
• Sort code: 107999
• Account number: 88837491
Algorithms to check if a UK bank account is valid
A very common way to check if a number (bank account, credit card, parking ticket…) is valid, is to apply a modulus algorithm. You perform an operation on each digit (addition, multiplication by a weight, substitution…), when you reach the end you divide by a specific number and you check that the remainder of the division is equal to something. Seems easy, right? Well, this is not that simple for UK bank accounts. In fact, if you want to go through the official specification on the Vocalink website, you will see that they use 2 algorithms, but they have also 15 exceptions to take into account (and some of them are weird or tricky to handle!). You will need to adapt the way you compute the modulus value according to a weight table also.
From the specification to a package
Reading the specification was interesting, but what really motivated me to code a Go package to solve this problem was the fact that test cases where provided in the specification! What a dream: the specification offers you 34 test cases, and they cover nearly all the exceptions. I jumped on the opportunity, it’s not that often that you are offered with a way to check that what you have done is actually right. In fact, I followed a Test Driven Developemnt aproach and it really guided me during the development and especially the refactoring.
Getting the code
The code is available on GitHub under the MIT license and should be well documented and tested. As always, pull requests and bug reports are welcome!
Here is an example:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/AntoineAugusti/moduluschecking/models"
"github.com/AntoineAugusti/moduluschecking/parsers"
"github.com/AntoineAugusti/moduluschecking/resolvers"
)
func main() {
// Read the modulus weight table and the sorting
// code substitution table from the data folder
parser := parsers.CreateFileParser()
// The resolver handles the verification of the validity of
// bank accounts according to the data obtained by the parser
resolver := resolvers.NewResolver(parser)
// This helper method handles special cases for
// bank accounts from:
// - National Westminster Bank plc (10 or 11 digits with possible presence of dashes, for account numbers)
// - Co-Operative Bank plc (10 digits for account numbers)
// - Santander (9 digits for account numbers)
// - banks with 6 or 7 digits for account numbers
bankAccount := models.CreateBankAccount("089999", "66374958")
// Check if the created bank account is valid against the rules
fmt.Println(resolver.IsValid(bankAccount))
}
Continuous integration and code coverage in Golang
Standard
It took me some time to find the right setup and the right tools to achieve something not that complicated: continuous integration and coverage reports for Golang projects hosted on GitHub.
I’m happy to share my configuration with you, hopefully it will save you some time. I’m using Travis CI for the continuous integration platform and Codecov for code coverage reports. Both are free and easy to setup: you can get just log in using your GitHub account, you will be up and running in under 5 minutes.
Here is the Travis file (.travis.yml) I use:
language: go
before_install:
- go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/vet
- go get github.com/modocache/gover
- go get github.com/vendor/package/...
script:
# Vet examines Go source code and reports suspicious construct
- go vet github.com/vendor/package...
# Run the unit tests suite
- go test -v ./...
# Collect coverage reports
- go list -f '{{if len .TestGoFiles}}"go test -coverprofile={{.Dir}}/.coverprofile {{.ImportPath}}"{{end}}' ./... | xargs -i sh -c {}
# Merge coverage reports
- gover . coverprofile.txt
after_success:
# Send coverage reports to Codecov
- bash < (curl -s https://codecov.io/bash) -f coverprofile.txt
Replace github.com/vendor/package with your GitHub URL and you're good to go! You will be protected against yourself or contributors for your package. Unit tests will not break and coverage will not decrease. Or at least you will know when it happens!
Bonus: fancy badges
I like to put at the beginning of every README file a few information:
• The status of the latest build (green is reassuring)
• The software license, so that people immediately know if it's okay to use it for their project
• A link to the GoDoc website, for documentation
• The percentage of code covered by unit tests
If you want to do the same, here is what you can write at the very top of your README.md file:
# Travis CI for the master branch
[](https://travis-ci.org/vendor/package)
# Note that this is for the MIT license and it expects a LICENSE.md file
[](https://github.com/vendor/package/blob/master/LICENSE.md)
# Link to GoDoc
[](https://godoc.org/github.com/vendor/package)
# Codecov for the master branch
[](http://codecov.io/github/vendor/package?branch=master)
One more time, don’t forget to replace vendor/package (even in URLs) with your details and you’re good to go!
Demo
Head to AntoineAugusti/colors to see what it looks like.
Happy coding! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Does REST API Use HTTP?
What is a JSON REST API?
In the WordPress REST API, that data comes back as JSON which stands for JavaScript Object Notation.
JSON is an open standard format that is used to transmit data objects in the form of attribute-value pairs for further processing..
What is a Microservice VS API?
Here are the main differences between APIs and microservices: An API is a contract that provides guidance for a consumer to use the underlying service. A microservice is an architectural design that separates portions of a (usually monolithic) application into small, self-containing services.
How do I connect to an API?
Start Using an APIMost APIs require an API key. … The easiest way to start using an API is by finding an HTTP client online, like REST-Client, Postman, or Paw. … The next best way to pull data from an API is by building a URL from existing API documentation.
What protocol does REST API use?
HTTP ProtocolREST is web standards based architecture and uses HTTP Protocol. It revolves around resource where every component is a resource and a resource is accessed by a common interface using HTTP standard methods. REST was first introduced by Roy Fielding in 2000.
What is REST API example?
An application implementing a RESTful API will define one or more URL endpoints with a domain, port, path, and/or querystring — for example, https://mydomain/user/123?format=json .
Is gRPC faster than rest?
“gRPC is roughly 7 times faster than REST when receiving data & roughly 10 times faster than REST when sending data for this specific payload. This is mainly due to the tight packing of the Protocol Buffers and the use of HTTP/2 by gRPC.”
CAN REST API return HTML?
2 Answers. One of the core benefits of REST is its separation of representation (encoding) from the underlying resource being accessed. It’s perfectly fine to return HTML if the client requests it as a preference via the Accept header. … Most importantly, don’t forever tie your REST API to a single encoding format.
Which is better soap or rest?
REST allows a greater variety of data formats, whereas SOAP only allows XML. Coupled with JSON (which typically works better with data and offers faster parsing), REST is generally considered easier to work with. … REST is generally faster and uses less bandwidth.
Why do we use rest APIs?
One of the key advantages of REST APIs is that they provide a great deal of flexibility. Data is not tied to resources or methods, so REST can handle multiple types of calls, return different data formats and even change structurally with the correct implementation of hypermedia.
What is REST API and how it works?
A REST API works in a similar way. … It stands for “Representational State Transfer”. It is a set of rules that developers follow when they create their API. One of these rules states that you should be able to get a piece of data (called a resource) when you link to a specific URL.
Where is REST API used?
This is because REST is the most logical, efficient and widespread standard in the creation of APIs for Internet services. To give a simple definition, REST is any interface between systems using HTTP to obtain data and generate operations on those data in all possible formats, such as XML and JSON.
Do I need a rest API?
With traditional HTTP POST and GET people may not know your message request and response schemas to call you. You should use REST because it really encompasses all the potential actions you want to do on a resource/object. Another reason is that it is a standard that everyone can implement and use.
Does REST API uses HTTP request?
A RESTful API is an architectural style for an application program interface (API) that uses HTTP requests to access and use data. … RESTful APIs can also be built with programming languages such as JavaScript or Python. The REST used by browsers can be thought of as the language of the internet.
What is REST API vs API?
REST basically is a style of web architecture that governs the behavior of clients and servers. While API is a more general set of protocols and is deployed over the software to help it interact with some other software. REST is only geared towards web applications. And mostly deals with HTTP requests and responses.
Is Microservice same as API?
Microservices are an architectural style for web applications, where the functionality is divided up across small web services. … whereas. APIs are the frameworks through which developers can interact with a web application.
Can rest be used without http?
From the comments below, several very interesting resources have surfaced. In other words, if the engine of application state (and hence the API) is not being driven by hypertext, then it cannot be RESTful and cannot be a REST API. … Period.
What is endpoint in REST API?
Simply put, an endpoint is one end of a communication channel. When an API interacts with another system, the touchpoints of this communication are considered endpoints. For APIs, an endpoint can include a URL of a server or service. … The place that APIs send requests and where the resource lives, is called an endpoint.
Does rest use HTTP?
HTTP is a contract, a communication protocol and REST is a concept, an architectural style which may use HTTP, FTP or other communication protocols but is widely used with HTTP. REST implies a series of constraints about how Server and Client should interact .
Is REST API a Microservice?
Microservices: The individual services and functions – or building blocks – that form a larger microservices-based application. RESTful APIs: The rules, routines, commands, and protocols – or the glue – that integrates the individual microservices, so they function as a single application.
What is the difference between REST API and HTTP?
A RESTful API adheres ALL the REST constraints set out in its “format” documentation (in the dissertation of Roy Fielding). A HTTP API is ANY API that makes use of HTTP as their transfer protocol. … Most HTTP APIs can be very close to becoming a truly RESTful API.
Is Microservice a Web service?
In the simplest of terms, microservices and web services are defined like this: Microservice: A small, autonomous application that performs a specific service for a larger application architecture. Web service: A strategy to make the services of one application available to other applications via a web interface. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Fiddlercore Demo #2
Note: This example is somewhat out of date. You should start using the sample application bundled with the FiddlerCore package
Here's another sample application for FiddlerCore:
using System;
using Fiddler;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
namespace Demo
{
class Program
{
public static void WriteCommandResponse(string s)
{
ConsoleColor oldColor = Console.ForegroundColor;
Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow;
Console.WriteLine(s);
Console.ForegroundColor = oldColor;
}
public static void DoQuit()
{
WriteCommandResponse("Shutting down...");
Fiddler.FiddlerApplication.Shutdown();
Thread.Sleep(500);
}
private static string Ellipsize(string s, int iLen)
{
if (s.Length <= iLen) return s;
return s.Substring(0, iLen - 3) + "...";
}
private static void WriteSessionList(List<Fiddler.Session> oAllSessions )
{
ConsoleColor oldColor = Console.ForegroundColor;
Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.White;
Console.WriteLine("Session list contains...");
try
{
Monitor.Enter(oAllSessions);
foreach (Session oS in oAllSessions)
{
Console.Write(String.Format("{0} {1} {2}\n{3} {4}\n\n", oS.id, oS.oRequest.headers.HTTPMethod, Ellipsize(oS.fullUrl, 60), oS.responseCode, oS.oResponse["Content-Type"]));
}
}
finally
{
Monitor.Exit(oAllSessions);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.ForegroundColor = oldColor;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
List<Fiddler.Session> oAllSessions = new List<Fiddler.Session>();
#region AttachEventListeners
//
// It is important to understand that FiddlerCore calls event handlers on the
// session-handling thread. If you need to properly synchronize to the UI-thread
// (say, because you're adding the sessions to a list view) you must call .Invoke
// on a delegate on the window handle.
//
// If you are writing to a non-threadsafe data structure (e.g. List<t>) you must
// use a Monitor or other mechanism to ensure safety.
//
// Simply echo notifications to the console. Because Fiddler.CONFIG.QuietMode=true
// by default, we must handle notifying the user ourselves.
Fiddler.FiddlerApplication.OnNotification += delegate(object sender, NotificationEventArgs oNEA) { Console.WriteLine("** NotifyUser: " + oNEA.NotifyString); };
Fiddler.FiddlerApplication.Log.OnLogString += delegate(object sender, LogEventArgs oLEA) { Console.WriteLine("** LogString: " + oLEA.LogString); };
Fiddler.FiddlerApplication.BeforeRequest += delegate(Fiddler.Session oS) {
//Console.WriteLine("Before request for:\t" + oS.fullUrl);
// In order to enable response tampering, buffering mode must
// be enabled; this allows FiddlerCore to permit modification of
// the response in the BeforeResponse handler rather than streaming
// the response to the client as the response comes in.
oS.bBufferResponse = true;
Monitor.Enter(oAllSessions);
oAllSessions.Add(oS);
Monitor.Exit(oAllSessions);
};
/*
Fiddler.FiddlerApplication.BeforeResponse += delegate(Fiddler.Session oS) {
// Console.WriteLine("{0}:HTTP {1} for {2}", oS.id, oS.responseCode, oS.fullUrl);
// Uncomment the following two statements to decompress/unchunk the
// HTTP response and subsequently modify any HTTP responses to replace
// instances of the word "Microsoft" with "Bayden"
//oS.utilDecodeResponse(); oS.utilReplaceInResponse("Microsoft", "Bayden");
};*/
Fiddler.FiddlerApplication.AfterSessionComplete += delegate(Fiddler.Session oS) {
//Console.WriteLine("Finished session:\t" + oS.fullUrl);
Console.Title = ("Session list contains: " + oAllSessions.Count.ToString() + " sessions");
// Fiddler.Utilities.WriteSessionArchive(@"C:\users\ericlaw\desktop\" + oS.id + ".saz", new Fiddler.Session[] { oS }, "secret", true);
};
// Tell the system console to handle CTRL+C by calling our method that
// gracefully shuts down the FiddlerCore.
//
// Note, this doesn't handle the case where the user closes the window with the close button.
// See http://geekswithblogs.net/mrnat/archive/2004/09/23/11594.aspx for info on that...
//
Console.CancelKeyPress += new ConsoleCancelEventHandler(Console_CancelKeyPress);
#endregion AttachEventListeners
Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Starting {0}...", Fiddler.FiddlerApplication.GetVersionString()));
// For the purposes of this demo, we'll forbid connections to HTTPS
// sites that use invalid certificates
Fiddler.CONFIG.IgnoreServerCertErrors = false;
// Because we've chosen to decrypt HTTPS traffic, makecert.exe must
// be present in the Application folder.
Fiddler.FiddlerApplication.Startup(8877, true, true);
Console.WriteLine("Hit CTRL+C to end session.");
// Fiddler.FiddlerApplication.Shutdown();
// Fiddler.FiddlerApplication.Startup(8877, true, true);
//*/
bool bDone = false;
do{
Console.WriteLine("Enter a command [C=clear; L=list Q=quit]:");
Console.Write(">");
ConsoleKeyInfo cki = Console.ReadKey();
Console.WriteLine();
switch (cki.KeyChar){
case 'c':
Monitor.Enter(oAllSessions);
oAllSessions.Clear();
Monitor.Exit(oAllSessions);
WriteCommandResponse("Clear...");
break;
case 'l':
WriteSessionList(oAllSessions);
break;
case 'q':
bDone = true;
DoQuit();
break;
}
} while (!bDone);
}
/// <summary>
/// When the user hits CTRL+C, this event fires. We use this to shut down and unregister our FiddlerCore.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
static void Console_CancelKeyPress(object sender, ConsoleCancelEventArgs e)
{
DoQuit();
}
}
}
Unless otherwise stated, the content of this page is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Cli command to check if all the jar files are downloaded
I am trying to use jeasy in my build file, however
the local gradle cache only has
Hence my IDE is complaining that there are no
Any command to check if gradle is able to download all the dependencies correctly…
tried
gradle dependencyInsight --dependency jeasy
it results in no error… but jar file is not download… only pom file exists
On further mvn repo does not have any jar in it
This way gradle should report the error… currently it is so silent for such errors…
This way gradle should report the error… currently it is so silent for such errors…
What error?
If you look inside the POM, it has <packaging>pom</packaging> which means it is expected that there is no jar at these coordinates.
You probably wanted to depend on easy-random-core, not easy-random, as easy-random is just the parent pom for the modules of that project.
From Gradle side, everything is perfectly fine, it complains that it cannot compile the sources as the classes you try to use are not present. That this is because you depend on the wrong dependency is something Gradle can hardly guess by itself. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Aurelie Alcindor
Marie Aurelie Carinne Alcindor (born March 20, 1994) is a Mauritian sprinter. She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the women's 200 metres race. Her time of 24.55 seconds in this heat did not qualify her for the semifinals.
Personal bests
* 200 metres – 24.23 (+0.8 m/s, Durban 2016)
* 400 metres – 54.93 (Durban 2016) | WIKI |
Illinois pension crisis
The Illinois pension crisis refers to the rising gap between the pension benefits owed to eligible state employees and the amount of funding set aside by the state to make these future pension payments. As of 2020, the size of Illinois' pension obligation is $237B, but the state's pension funds have only $96B available for payouts to retirees.
Illinois has the second highest unfunded pension ratio, after New Jersey. Illinois state budget contributions have fallen short of the increases in pension liabilities for 12 of the past 15 years, resulting in a three-fold increase in the funding gap.
Illinois' pension obligations are made up of five pension plans for public sector employees. The plans, and their respective size and funding level, include:
History
Dating as far back as 1917, reports by the Illinois legislature described the condition of the state and municipal pension systems as "one of insolvency" and "moving toward crisis". Such findings continued in the 1940s to 1960s, when the state pension commission warned of the pension systems' impending insolvency and the growth of unfunded pension liabilities, noting the appropriations were "grossly insufficient" and "below mandatory statutory requirements."
Throughout the 1970s, the funding of the state's pension systems rose from roughly 35% to 50%. From the 1980s to the mid-1990s, pension funding levels fluctuated between 50% and 60%.
1994 pension reform
In 1994, when unfunded pension liabilities hit a then-high of $17B, new legislation was passed under governor Jim Edgar to raise the funding ratio from 52% to 90% by 2045, referred to as the 'Edgar Ramp'. However, a later complaint by the Securities and Exchange Commission noted even at the levels proposed by the reform package, unfunded pension liabilities would continue to grow. While the state's pension funding ratio increased to 75% by 2000, the funding improvements were driven by $15B of favorable changes to actuarial assumptions and better-than-expected investment returns, and state contributions fell $6B short of required amounts.
2000–2001: the dot-com crash
From 2001 to 2003, following the dot-com crash, poor investment returns contributed to an increase in unfunded liabilities, representing $14B of the $27B rise. By 2003, the unfunded liability reached $43.1B. In 2003, the state sold $10 billion in pension obligation bonds used to reduce unfunded liabilities for fiscal year 2003 ($2.2B) and 2004 ($7.3B).
2005 reform amendment
In 2005, Senate Bill 27 allowed for reduced contributions in times of budgetary pressure, known as 'pension holidays'. In 2006 and 2007, contributions were roughly $1B lower than the amounts required under the 1995 legislation.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008
From 2008 to 2010, poor investment returns caused by the financial crisis, combined with insufficient contributions, increased the unfunded liability from $42B in 2007 to $86B in 2010. In 2009, Governor Pat Quinn included pension reforms for newly-hired public employees, including a higher retirement age and capped cost-of-living adjustment rate, but the proposed changes were not enacted by lawmakers.
2013 pension reform and supreme court repeal
In 2013, Illinois passed a pension reform bill which reduced retiree cost of living increases, raised retirement ages, limited pensionable salary, lowered the amounts current employees contribute, set up voluntary 401(k)s and guaranteed the state makes contributions on time. Legislators estimated the reform would save roughly $160 billion over three decades. In May 2015, the Illinois Supreme Court unanimously overturned the law on the grounds that it violated the benefit protection clause in the Illinois Constitution (Article XIII, Section V) which states "Membership in any pension or retirement system of the State, any unit of local government or school district, or any agency or instrumentality thereof, shall be an enforceable contractual relationship, the benefits of which shall not be diminished or impaired."
Reform debate
Pension funding levels are determined by the contributions made in the state budget to fund pension liabilities, and the scale and formula of pension benefits offered to state employees. Additionally, actuarial assumptions used in the calculation of future pension payments and the financial performance of the pension fund asset investments affect the annual valuation of pension liabilities.
Illinois' General Assembly, Governor, lobbyists and unions disagree over what combination of reforms should be made to reduce the existing funding gap. The debate has centered around two mechanisms: A parallel debate exists on whether and how to restrict defined-benefit pension plans to new state employees to reduce future pension obligations.
* Increasing state budget contributions toward pension liabilities (such as tax increases, new state revenue streams, spending cuts); and/or
* Changing benefit calculations and criteria (such as reducing 3% automatic annual cost-of-living increase in pension payments signed into law by James Thompson, limiting the impact of salary increases on benefit calculations, increasing the retirement age, increasing employee contributions)
A new model for reform referred to as the 'Consideration model', first advocated by Illinois Senate President John Cullerton in 2012, has been discussed in the General Assembly. Based on the legal concept of consideration, pension plan members would be offered options to choose from to opt-in to lesser benefits, and the new agreement would represent a modification to the original contract. Former Governor Bruce Rauner's 2019 budget included a proposed consideration model reform stated to bring $900M in savings. | WIKI |
Talk:Stephen H. Crandall
Death ?
A reference, such as an obituary, is needed before updating the article to show he is dead.--Racklever (talk) 09:00, 6 November 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Emergency Dentist in East London
Unexpected dental crises can happen, putting people in agony and anguish. An emergency dentist’s function is crucial in these upsetting circumstances. These knowledgeable specialists are essential in managing dental emergencies quickly, offering comfort right away, and maintaining long-term oral health. The importance of emergency dentists, their services, and why contacting them in the event of a dental emergency are all covered in this post.
Avoiding Dental Emergencies:
Dental emergencies include a variety of urgent dental problems that need to be addressed right once to avoid future difficulties. Severe toothaches, cracked or shattered teeth, knocked-out teeth, and abscesses are common emergencies. Accidents, trauma, unexpected infections, or untreated oral disorders can all lead to these issues. To prevent the issue from getting worse, it is critical to recognize the warning symptoms of a dental emergency and take immediate action.
Why Quick Treatment Is Important:
Dental crises can cause excruciating pain and anguish, which can have a negative effect on a person’s quality of life. In addition to providing pain relief, prompt treatment also stops the problem from getting worse. Early treatments can save decayed teeth, stop the development of infections, and lower the chance of developing long-term dental issues. Emergency dentists are prepared to manage these serious circumstances effectively and offer specialized care when it is most required.
The Services Emergency Dentists Provide:
Emergency dentists in East London have the expertise, resources, and training needed to effectively manage a variety of dental crises. Their services go beyond standard dental treatment and include prompt resolution of urgent problems. Emergency dentists offer a variety of services, such as Pain Management:
Emergency dentists are well-equipped to locate the cause of dental pain and administer the proper analgesics to reduce discomfort.
Tooth Repairs: Emergency dentists can undertake restorative operations to preserve the tooth and return it to normal function whether it is chipped, fractured, or shattered.
Tooth extractions: An emergency dentist can safely and effectively remove a tooth in circumstances when it has been seriously damaged or infected to avoid additional issues.
Dental Restorations: To protect and reinforce damaged teeth, emergency dentists might offer temporary or permanent dental restorations, such as dental crowns.
Therapy for Infections: An emergency dentist can offer therapy to get rid of the infection and stop it from spreading if an abscess or other infection is causing excruciating pain and swelling.
Availability and Accessibility:
The accessibility and availability of emergency dentists is one of their key benefits. Evenings, weekends, and holidays are all times when dental emergencies might occur. In order to guarantee that patients receive prompt care when needed, many emergency dentists keep extended hours or provide 24-hour services. They are devoted to provide prompt service since they recognize how urgent dental emergencies are.
Expertise and Readiness:
Emergency dentists are skilled and educated to maintain composure under pressure. Their specialized training enables doctors to provide timely and precise diagnoses, ensuring that the proper therapy is given as soon as possible. Additionally, they are knowledgeable about the most recent developments in dental technology and techniques, allowing them to provide effective care and reduce patient suffering during emergency operations.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
146 F.3d 948
MILITARY TOXICS PROJECT, Petitioner, v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY and Carol M. Browner, Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Respondents.
No. 97-1342.
United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.
Argued April 2, 1998.
Decided June 30, 1998.
Tanya D. Greeley and Todd M. Hooker, student counsel, argued the cause for petitioner, with whom Rena I. Steinzor, Attorney, Charles Dodge, Eric Manas, Erik Rosanes, Lori Schectel and Anne Ward, student counsel, were on the briefs.
Naikang Tsao and David J. Kaplan, Attorneys, U.S. Department of Justice, argued the cause for respondents, with whom Lois J. Schiffer, Assistant Attorney General, and Jonathan Z. Cannon, General Counsel, Environmental Protection Agency, were on the brief.
Douglas H. Green argued the cause for intervenor-applicants Chemical Manufacturers Association, et al., with whom Ronald A. Shipley, James W. Conrad, Jr., and David F. Zoll were on the joint brief.
Before: EDWARDS, Chief Judge,GINSBURG and TATEL, Circuit Judges!
GINSBURG, Circuit Judge:
The Military Toxics Project seeks review of a final rule promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency establishing the circumstances in which military munitions are deemed hazardous waste for purposes of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 6901 et seq. See Military Munitions Rule, 62 Fed.Reg. 6622 (1997) (challenged portions codified at 40 C.F.R. Pt. 266). For the reasons set out below, we deny the petition for review.
I. BACKGROUND
The RCRA establishes a comprehensive program to regulate the handling of “solid waste,” a term defined broadly in the statute to include, with certain exceptions not relevant here, “any garbage, refuse ... and other discarded material.” 42 U.S.C. § 6903(27). A “hazardous waste” is a solid waste that may
(A) cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible, illness; or
(B) pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed.
42 U.S.C. § 6903(5). Subtitle C of the RCRA, 42 U.S.C. §§ 6921 et seq., provides a stringent “ ‘cradle-to-grave’ regulatory structure overseeing the safe treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous waste,” United Technologies v. United States EPA, 821 F.2d 714, 716 (D.C.Cir.1987), and charges the Administrator of the EPA to “develop and promulgate criteria for identifying the characteristics of hazardous waste, and for listing hazardous waste, which should be subject to the provisions of [Subtitle C].” 42 U.S.C. § 6921(a).
A. Statutory and Regulatory Definitions of “Solid Waste”
The regulations governing the identification and listing of hazardous waste, see 40 C.F.R. Pt. 261, include a definition of “solid waste” that “applies only to wastes that are also hazardous for purposes of the regulations implementing subtitle C of RCRA.” 40 C.F.R. § 261.1(b)(1). In other words, for purposes of Subtitle C the EPA has provided a regulatory definition of solid waste that is distinct from the statutory definition. See Connecticut Coastal Fishermen’s Ass’n v. Remington Arms Co., 989 F.2d 1305, 1314 (2d Cir.1993) (“The RCRA regulations create a dichotomy in the definition of solid waste”).
The regulations define solid waste as “any discarded material” and in turn define discarded material as, among other things, “abandoned.” 40 C.F.R. § 261.2(a). Material is deemed abandoned if it is:
(1) Disposed of; or
(2) Burned or incinerated; or
(3) Accumulated, stored, or treated (but not recycled) before or in lieu of being abandoned by being. disposed of, burned, or incinerated.
40 C.F.R. § 261.2(b). According to the EPA, the element of abandonment in the regulatory definition of solid waste renders that definition somewhat narrower than the statutory definition, which encompasses “discarded material” without requiring that the material have been abandoned.
Only a type of waste meeting the narrower regulatory definition of solid waste can be a hazardous waste within the meaning of Subtitle C. A regulatory solid waste is deemed a hazardous waste for purposes of Subtitle C if the Administrator has specifically listed that type of waste as a hazardous waste, see 40 C.F.R. Pt. 261, Subpt. D, or if it exhibits any of four hazardous characteristics: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity, see id. Subpt. C.
Although the EPA has narrowed the definition of solid waste for purposes of Subtitle C, the statute itself still provides the relevant definition for purposes of Subtitle G, which authorizes the Administrator (§ 7003) — or, indeed, “any person” (§ 7002(a)(1)(B)) — to bring suit in order to force such action as may be necessary to abate “an imminent and substantial endangerment to health or the environment” caused by solid waste. 42 U.S.C. §§ 6972(a)(1)(B) & 6973; see 40 C.F.R. § 261.1(b)(2) (material not defined as solid waste for purposes of Subtitle C “is still a solid waste” if “[i]n the case of section 7003, the statutory elements are established”).
The relevant portion of the regulatory apparatus erected by and under the authority of the RCRA can be summarized as follows: Solid waste is by statute defined broadly as any “discarded material”; by regulation, however, solid waste for purposes of Subtitle C includes only discarded material that has been “abandoned” in certain ways, of which the only one relevant here is by being “disposed of.” As a result of this distinction between the statutory and regulatory definitions, while any discarded material that poses an imminent and substantial hazard may be the subject of a lawsuit brought pursuant to Subtitle G, only discarded material that has been “disposed of’ can constitute hazardous waste that is subject to the stringent “cradle-to-grave” regulatory scheme of Subtitle C.
B. The Military Munitions Rule
Section 3004(y) was added to the RCRA by the Federal Facility Compliance Act of 1992, Pub.L. No. 102-386, § 107, 106 Stat. 1505, 1513-14 (codified at 42 U.S.C. § 6924(y)). That section instructed the Administrator of the EPA to propose, “after consulting with the Secretary of Defense and appropriate State officials, regulations identifying when military munitions become hazardous waste for purposes of [Subtitle C] and providing for the safe transportation and storage of such waste.” 42 U.S.C. § 6924(y)(l).
The Administrator responded to the mandate of § 3004(y) by promulgating the Military Munitions Rule, 40 C.F.R. Part 266 of which is the subject of this appeal. Subpart M of Part 266 governs the management of military munitions when the military or another party subject to the Rule either (1) fires munitions at a firing range or (2) transports or stores munitions that constitute hazardous waste. Also under challenge is the EPA’s decision not to promulgate a rule addressing the status of military munitions at firing ranges that the military has closed or transferred from military control.
1. Munitions at firing ranges
In the preamble to the final Military Munitions Rule the EPA expressed its “opinion [that] the use of munitions does not constitute a waste management activity because the munitions are not ‘discarded.’ ” 62 Fed. Reg. at 6630. Accordingly, the Rule provides that a military munition is not a regulatory solid waste when it is used “for its intended purpose,” including training, research, testing, and
[r]ecovery, collection, and on-range destruction of unexploded ordnance and munitions fragments during range clearance activities at active or inactive ranges. However, “use for intended purpose” does not include the on-range disposal or burial of unexploded ordnance and contaminants when the burial is not a result of product use.
40 C.F.R. § 266.202(a)(l)(iii).
A used or fired military munition comes within the regulatory definition of solid waste for purposes of Subtitle C when it is “transported off range or from the site of use ... for the purposes of storage, reclamation, treatment, disposal, or treatment prior to disposal” or if it is “recovered collected, and then disposed of by burial, or landfilling either on or off a range.” 40 C.F.R. § 266.202(c). A used or fired military munition that “lands off range and is not promptly rendered safe and/or retrieved,” however, comes within the statutory but not the regulatory definition of solid waste. 40 C.F.R. § 266.202(d). Although this type of solid waste is not subject to the strictures of Subtitle C, Part 266 provides:
Any imminent and substantial threats associated with any remaining material must be addressed. If remedial action is infeasible, the operator of the range must maintain a record of the event for as long as any threat remains. The record must include the type of munition and its location (to the extent the location is known).
40 C.F.R. § 266.202(d).
To sum up: The Military Munitions Rule provides that a military munition that lands on a firing range is not a solid waste and hence cannot be a hazardous waste for purposes of Subtitle C. If the munition lands off range and is not retrieved or rendered safe, then it is a statutory solid waste and hence subject to the authorities of Subtitle G for dealing with an imminent and substantial hazard. If someone moves a fired military munition off range or disposes of it on range, then it becomes a regulatory solid waste for purposes of Subtitle C.
2. Munitions in storage and transport
The Department of Defense has issued comprehensive design and operating standards for the safe storage of all military munitions. See DOD Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards, DOD 6055.9-STD (Oct.1992); Defense Transportation Regulation, Part II, Cargo Movement, DOD 4500.9-R (Apr.1996). The DOD has also made the standards for the transportation of hazardous materials promulgated by the Department of Transportation, see 49 C.F.R. §§ 100-179, 350-399, applicable to the transportation of military munitions. The EPA reviewed those standards “in detail” and determined that, although the DOD storage standards “have safety as the primary concern,” they “meet or exceed RCRA standards in virtually all respects.” 62 Fed.Reg. at 6637 (preamble). Similarly, the EPA concluded that the combined regulatory regimes of the Departments of Defense and of Transportation together “provide an equivalent level of protection of human health and the environment as the requirements of the RCRA manifest system.” Id. at 6634.
The Military Munitions Rule takes the preexisting DOD and DOT regulations into account by granting to nonchemieal munitions that are being managed in accordance with those regulations a conditional exemption from classification as a hazardous waste for purposes of Subtitle C. See 40 C.F.R. §§ 266.203(a)(1) (transportation) & 266.205(a)(1) (storage). Thus, a non-chemical military munition that meetó the regulatory definition of solid waste, and that exhibits a hazardous waste characteristic or has been listed as a hazardous waste pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 261, is deemed not a hazardous waste for purposes of Subtitle C provided that it is being transported or stored in accordance with the applicable DOD regulations (and that it meets certain other criteria not relevant here).
3. Munitions at closed or transferred ranges
As originally proposed the Military Munitions Rule would have provided that a military munition left on a closed range or a range transferred out of military control meets the statutory (but not the regulatory) definition of solid waste. See Military Munitions Rule, 60 Fed.Reg. 56,468, 56,492 (proposed Nov. 8, 1995) (to be codified at 40 C.F.R. § 261.1(g)(4)(b). The EPA omitted this provision from the final Rule, however, with the following explanation:
EPA’s decision to postpone action on this section of the proposal is based in part on comments the Agency received on this issue and in part on the fact that DOD has not yet issued the range cleanup rule currently under development---- Manycommenters questioned EPA’s legal authority to defer RCRA coverage in favor of DOD regulations governing the cleanup of closed and transferred ranges. EPA will conduct further analyses of the comments and of the final DOD regulation____ If either DOD fails to proceed with the range rule or EPA finds that the range rule does not adequately protect human health and the environment, EPA will be prepared to address this issue under Federal environmental laws.
62 Fed.Reg. at 6632. The status of munitions at closed or fired ranges is yet to be determined.
C. Judicial Review
The Military Toxics Project, which describes itself as “a nationwide coalition of citizens’ groups,” the members of which “live or work at or near the military facilities where the practices occur that are governed by the Military Munitions Rule,” petitioned for review of the Rule. The Chemical Manufacturers Association and other trade associations moved to intervene on appeal and lodged a joint brief in support of the EPA.
II. ANALYSIS
The MTP attacks the Military Munitions Rule as contrary both to the plain meaning of RCRA § 3004(y) and to the intent of the Congress in enacting that provision, and as “arbitrary and capricious because it is internally inconsistent, illogical, and ignores substantial record evidence.” Specifically, the MTP objects to the EPA’s positions that (1) because the normal and intended use of a used or fired military munition involves its application to the ground, such a munition has not been “discarded” within the regulatory definition of “solid waste”; (2) the agency may defer promulgation of a rule clarifying the regulatory status of military munitions on closed or transferred military ranges; and (3) the agency may conditionally exempt from regulation under Subtitle C nonchemical military munitions that are transported or stored in accordance with the applicable regulations promulgated by the Departments of Defense and of Transportation. The MTP also argues that under the Rule the DOD may impermissibly exempt itself, with regard to fired military munitions that land off range, from any cleanup responsibilities it deems “infeasible.”
A. Standing to Intervene
Before reaching the merits of the MTP’s petition we must decide whether the CMA or any trade association joining its brief has standing under Article III of the Constitution of the United States to intervene in this ease in support of the EPA. See City of Cleveland v. Nuclear Regulatory Comm’n, 17 F.3d 1515, 1516-18 (D.C.Cir.1994) (denying leave to intervene in support of a respondent agency pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2348 for want of standing).
An association has standing to sue on behalf of its members when:
(a) its members would otherwise have standing to sue in their own right; (b) the interests it seeks to protect are germane to the organization’s purpose; and (c) neither the claim asserted nor the relief requested requires the participation of individual members in the lawsuit.
Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Comm’n, 432 U.S. 333, 343, 97 S.Ct. 2434, 53 L.Ed.2d 383 (1977). In this case all parties agree that the CMA has standing because some of its members produce military munitions and operate military firing ranges regulated under the Military Munitions Rule. These companies are directly subject to the challenged Rule, and they benefit from the EPA’s “intended use” interpretation (under which most military munitions at firing ranges are not solid waste), the conditional exemption from regulation of storage and transportation under Subtitle C, and other features of the Military Munitions Rule that the MTP is challenging in this appeal. These CMA members would suffer concrete injury if the court grants the relief the petitioners seek; they would therefore have standing to intervene in their own right, and we agree with the litigants that the CMA has standing to intervene on their behalf in support of the EPA.
Because the CMA has standing, we need not determine whether the other intervenor-applicants listed on the CMA’s brief also have standing. “[I]f one party has standing in an action, a court need not reach the issue of standing of other parties when it makes no difference to the merits of the ease.” Railway Labor Executives’ Ass’n v. United States, 987 F.2d 806, 810 (D.C.Cir.1993); cf. Duke Power Co. v. Carolina Envtl. Study Group, 438 U.S. 59, 72 n. 16, 98 S.Ct. 2620, 57 L.Ed.2d 595 (1978) (“We need not resolve the question of whether Duke Power is a proper party since jurisdiction over appellees’ claims against the NRC is established, and Duke’s presence or absence makes no material difference to either our consideration of the merits of the controversy or our authority to award the requested relief’). The presence of names other than that of the CMA on the intervenors’ brief obviously makes no difference to our consideration of the arguments therein. Accordingly, having assured ourselves that the CMA has standing, we grant the pending motions to intervene, and we shall take the intervenors’ arguments into account in ad-dressing the merits of the MTP’s claims.
The MTP has moved to strike portions of the intervenors’ brief and of the materials appended thereto on the ground that the subject materials are not part of the administrative record. We deny the motion because the challenged materials — a policy document from the EPA and two reports from the General Accounting Office — are judicially cognizable apart from the record as authorities marshaled in support of a legal argument. See Fed. R.App. Proc. 28(a)(6) (brief must set forth contentions “with citations to the authorities, statutes, and parts of the record relied on”).
B. Standard of Review
In this case we may set aside the EPA’s action in promulgating the Military Munitions Rule only if we find it to be “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law.” See 42 U.S.C. § 6976(a); 5 U.S.C. § 706(a)(2). In determining whether a regulation is “in accordance with law” we apply the familiar two-step test of Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984): if the Congress has “directly spoken to the precise question at issue,” then we “must give effect to the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress”; otherwise we defer to the agency’s reasonable interpretation of a statute it administers. Id. at 842-43, 104 S.Ct. 2778. Relatedly, we must give an agency’s interpretation of its own regulation “controlling weight unless it is plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation.” Stinson v. United States, 508 U.S. 36, 45, 113 S.Ct. 1913, 123 L.Ed.2d 598 (1993) (quoting Bowles v. Seminole Rock & Sand Co., 325 U.S. 410, 414, 65 S.Ct. 1215, 89 L.Ed. 1700 (1945)).
C. Intended Use of Military Munitions
Under the challenged Rule a military munition is not a statutory or regulatory solid waste when it is used “for its intended purpose.”- 40 C.F.R. § 266.202(a)(1). According to the preamble to the final Rule, firing a munition does not constitute discarding it, so a munition does not become a regulatory 'solid waste simply by hitting the ground and remaining there, see 62 C.F.R. at 6630, and most spent military munitions will not be regulated pursuant to Subtitle C. The EPA defends this aspect of the Rule as but one example of its “longstanding interpretation” of the regulatory definition of solid waste as excluding products, such as pesticides and fertilizers, the intended use of which involves application to the land. Compare 40 C.F.R. § 261.2 (c) (1) (B)(ii) (“commercial chemical products ... are not solid wastes if they are applied to the land and that is their ordinary manner of use”) with id. § 261.33 (listing commercial chemicals that are hazardous wastes “when they are otherwise applied to the land in lieu of their intended use”). The MTP attacks the EPA’s intended-use interpretation of § 3004(y)(l) as both contrary to the meaning and purpose of the statute and as arbitrary and capricious.
1. The statute
Section 3004(y)(l) requires the EPA to “adopt regulations identifying when military munitions become hazardous waste for purposes of [Subtitle C].” 42 U.S.C. § 6924(y)(l). According to the MTP, “[t]he use of the word ‘when,’ as opposed to the word ‘if,’ demonstrates an assumption by Congress that there are circumstances in which military munitions are ‘discarded,’ become solid waste, and are subject to regulation as hazardous waste.” Perhaps so; in any event the EPA has identified such circumstances, see 40 C.F.R. § 266.202(b) & (c). The MTP nonetheless goes on to accuse the EPA of avoiding the “clear congressional mandate” of § 3004(y)(l), apparently because the MTP believes the word “when” in that section implies the Congress contemplated that all military munitions would be subject to regulation pursuant to Subtitle C. While that is not an unreasonable reading of the statute, we think it hardly rises to the level of “the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress” required for the petitioner to prevail under Chevron step one.
Turning to the MTP’s Chevron step two argument, we see that in the preamble to the final Rule the “EPA interprets RCRA 3004(y) as only requiring the Agency to identify the circumstances under which military munitions become subject to the regulatory scheme for identified or listed hazardous waste promulgated under Subtitle C.” 62 Fed.Reg. at 6632. We are inclined to agree with the EPA that, read in context, this is the more natural meaning of the word “when.” In any event, under Chevron step two we defer to the EPA’s reasonable interpretation. See, e.g., Engine Mfrs. Ass’n v. United States EPA 88 F.3d 1075, 1087 (D.C.Cir.1996) (upholding the EPA’s interpretation of the statutory-term “new”). Accordingly, we hold that the EPA did not violate § 3004(y) of the RCRA when it excluded from the regulatory definition of solid waste used or spent munitions lying on the ground.
2. Arbitrary and capricious review
The MTP argues that the intended: use interpretation of § 3004(y)(l), as applied to military munitions, is arbitrary and capricious for three reasons. First, the MTP maintains that the intended-use principle is inapposite to military munitions because once a military munition fired from a weapon hits the ground, the unexploded ordnance or explosive residue serves no further purpose; it should therefore be regarded as discarded within the regulatory definition of solid waste. For the same reason the MTP distinguishes military munitions from pesticides and fertilizers, which do perform a function after they have been applied to the ground.
The distinction that the MTP draws between munitions and other chemicals applied to the ground is perhaps a reasonable one; the question for present purposes, however, is not whether the MTP’s position is reasonable but whether the EPA’s position is arbitrary and capricious. The EPA considered and rejected the MTP’s view, deciding instead to focus upon “whether a product was used as it was intended to be used, not on whether the purpose of the product is to perform some function once on the ground.” .62 Fed.Reg. at 6630. The MTP has provided no reason for us to think that the EPA’s focus is irrational or inconsistent with other policies. See id. (“the use of explosives (e.g., dynamite) for road clearing, construction, or mining does not trigger RCRA regulation, even though any residuals on the ground serve no further function”).
Second, the MTP argues that the Military Munitions Rule is internally inconsistent because it does not regulate fired munitions that are left undisturbed but does regulate munitions that are buried after firing. The EPA responds that, unlike the use of a munition — including its' landing on the ground— the subsequent recovery and burial of a munition, or its placement in a landfill, is an act of discarding “because munitions are not produced to be buried or landfilled.” We agree with the EPA that the difference in regulatory treatment does not evince a logical flaw in the final Rule.
Finally, the MTP objects that the EPA has not consistently apolied its intended-use interpretation because, while a spent munition lying undisturbed on a firing range is not a solid waste, a spent munition that lands off range is a solid waste if it “is not promptly rendered safe and/or retrieved.” 40 C.F.R. § 266.202(d). If firing constitutes use of the product, the MTP suggests, then the regulatory status of the fired munition should not depend upon where the munition happens to fall. The EPA answers that the MTP confuses the statutory and regulatory definitions of solid waste. More particularly, the agency explains that a spent munition that has landed, no matter where it comes to ground, is not for that reason subject to the regulatory program of Subtitle C. If the munition lands off range, however, and is not promptly retrieved or rendered safe, then the EPA regards it as having been “discarded” within the statutory (but not the regulatory) definition of solid waste and thus potentially subject to the provisions of Subtitle G that empower both the agency and private litigants to sue in order to compel the abatement of an imminent environmental threat. In this respect an off-range landing is like an accidental spill; in either event, the failure to respond properly can trigger a suit to compel action pursuant to Subtitle G. See 62 Fed. Reg. at 6633. Because the EPA’s interpretation of its own regulation is neither plainly erroneous nor inconsistent with the regulation, we accept it as controlling. See Stinson, 508 U.S. at 45, 113 S.Ct. 1913.
D. “Infeasibility”
The MTP mounts a second, distinct, attack upon the provision in the Military Munitions Rule that classifies as a statutory solid waste a fired military munition that lands off range and is neither retrieved nor rendered safe. See 40 C.F.R. § 266.202(d). In that provision the EPA declares that “any imminent and substantial threats associated with any remaining material must be addressed” but then goes on to provide that “[i]f remedial action is infeasible, the operator of the range must maintain a record of the event for as long as any threat remains.” Id. The MTP asserts that this section allows the DOD, by determining that remedial action is “infeasible,” unilaterally to exempt itself from any cleanup of off-range military munitions that might otherwise be required by the RCRA.
The EPA responds that the disputed provision “does not relieve DOD from any required remedial action based upon their own infeasibility finding; rather, it imposes affirmative documentation requirements where remediation is infeasible.” The agency goes on to point out:
With or without this provision, the courts (in the judicial context), or EPA (in the administrative context) will determine the level of any cleanup required under the relevant enforcement or corrective action authorities, including whether or not remediation is infeasible.
It therefore appears that the MTP’s argument may simply be based upon a faulty interpretation of the regulation. We need not reach this challenge on the merits, however, because as the EPA also points out neither the MTP nor anyone else commented during the rulemaking process that the Rule as drafted would permit the DOD unilaterally to free itself from the strictures imposed by the RCRA. The MTP has thus waived the argument and may not raise it for the first time upon appeal. See Natural Re sources Defense Council v. EPA, 25 F.3d 1063, 1073-74 (D.C.Cir.1994); cf. Saco River Cellular, Inc. v. FCC, 133 F.3d 25, 34 (D.C.Cir.1998), quoting United States v. Tucker Truck Lines, 344 U.S. 33, 37, 73 S.Ct. 67, 97 L.Ed. 54 (1952) (“Simple fairness to those who are engaged-in the tasks of administration, and to litigants, requires as a general rule that courts should not topple over administrative decisions unless the administrative body not only has erred but has erred against objection made at the time appropriate under its practice”).
E. Munitions at Closed or Transferred Ranges
The EPA included in the proposed Rule, but omitted from the final Rule, a provision that would have identified as statutory solid waste fired military munitions at ranges that have been closed or transferred from military use. Compare 60 Fed.Reg. at 56,475-76 (proposed Rule) with 62 Fed.Reg. at 6632 (final Rule). As we have seen (in Part I.B.3 above), the EPA decided to postpone action on this section of the proposed Rule in order to analyze further the comments it received and to allow the DOD to complete work on its own proposed rule governing range cleanup. See 62 Fed.Reg. at 6632.
The MTP claims that the EPA was obliged by § 3004(y) to issue the proposed regulation. We disagree. Section 3004(y) requires only that EPA. promulgate regulations to identify “when .military munitions become hazardous waste for purposes of [Subtitle G].” As the EPA noted in the preamble to the final Rule, “[pjroposed § 261.2(g)(4)(i) would have identified when a discharged munition becomes a statutory solid waste, but would not identify when that discharged munition becomes subject to Subtitle C regulation.” 62 Fed.Reg. at 6632. The EPA satisfied the requirements of § 3004(y) when it determined that military munitions used as intended do not fall within the regulatory definition of solid waste for purposes of Subtitle C — a determination that applies regardless whether the range at which the munition is used be active, inactive, closed, or transferred from military use. The agency had no obligation to address the broader issue concerning statutory solid waste. That the EPA chose to tackle the statutory definition of solid waste as applied to off-range spent munitions that are not rendered safe or retrieved is not a ground upon which to fault the agency for postponing its treatment of the issue as applied to munitions at closed or transferred ranges.
F. Conditional Exemption for Transportation and Storage
The Military Munitions Rule exempts from regulation pursuant to Subtitle C non-chemical military munitions in transport or storage if they are managed in accordance with applicable regulations of the Departments of Defense and of Transportation. See 40 C.F.R. §§ 266.203 & 266.205. The MTP argues that this so-called conditional exemption is not authorized by RCRA § 3001(a), is prohibited by § 3004(y), and is arbitrary and capricious because the DOD transportation and storage regulations are not as protective as the Subtitle C regulatory scheme.
1. The statute
Section 3004(y)(l) of the RCRA provides that
the Administrator shall propose ... regulations identifying when military munitions become hazardous waste for purposes of this subchapter and providing for the safe transportation and storage of such waste.
42 U.S.C. § 6924(y)(l). In the MTP’s view conditional exemption of munitions transported or stored pursuant to DOD and DOT regulations is- inconsistent with the EPA’s obligation to “propose ... regulations” as the statute commands.
The flaw in the MTP’s argument is that it assumes that material that has the benefit of the conditional exemption is “hazardous waste for purposes of this subchapter [i.e., Subtitle C].’.’ The effect of the conditional exemption, however, is to remove the exempted munitions from coverage under Subtitle C and therefore from the range of wastes for which the EPA must promulgate regulations governing transportation and storage. Put another way, the statute requires that the EPA undertake a two-step process: first, identify the conditions under which military munitions become hazardous waste; second, promulgate regulations to ensure the safe transportation and storage of that hazardous waste. The MTP mistakenly ignores the first step. Because the EPA has conditionally exempted certain munitions waste from classification as hazardous waste at the first step, the obligation to promulgate regulations governing the transportation and storage of that waste never arises at the second step. The MTP thus accuses the EPA of failing to fulfill an obligation that simply is not there — assuming, that is, the agency has the authority conditionally to exempt the munitions from classification as hazardous waste.
The EPA claims authority to issue a conditional exemption in part from § 3001(a), which requires the Administrator to promulgate criteria for identifying and listing wastes that “should be subject to the requirements of [Subtitle C].” 42 U.S.C. § 6921(a). As the Congress has not spoken directly to the issue of conditional exemptions, we must uphold the EPA’s interpretation of the RCRA so long as that interpretation is reasonable in light of the structure and purpose of the statute.
The EPA reads the word “should” in § 3001(a) as calling for an exercise of judgment and hence conferring discretion upon the Administrator “to determine when Subtitle C regulation is appropriate.” 62 Fed. Reg. at 6636. The next three sections of the RCRA direct the EPA to issue regulations governing the management of hazardous waste “as necessary to protect human health and the environment.” 42 U.S.C. §§ 6922(a), 6923(a), 6924(a). Putting the four sections together, the agency reasons that the decision whether a waste should be regulated under Subtitle C turns upon its assessment of whether such regulation is necessary to protect human health and the environment. See 62 Fed.Reg. at 6636. Because a hazardous waste is by definition a solid waste that poses “a substantial threat to human health and the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed,” 42 U.S.C. § 6903(5), the EPA concludes that “where a waste might pose a hazard only under limited management scenarios, and other regulatory programs already address such scenarios, EPA is not required to classify a waste as hazardous waste subject to regulation under Subtitle C.” 62 Fed.Reg. at 6636.
We accept the EPA’s reading as a permissible construction of the statute. We have previously acknowledged that the “Congress’ broad delegation to EPA to develop criteria for listing hazardous wastes, 42 U.S.C. § 6921(b), indicates that Congress intended the agency to have substantial room to exercise its expertise in determining the appropriate grounds for listing.” NRDC v. EPA, 25 F.3d at 1070. In that same case we upheld the EPA’s decision not to list used oil as a hazardous waste based upon its finding that the existing network of federal regulations ensured proper disposal. Id. at 1071. Although the present case does not involve the listing regulations at issue in NRDC v. EPA, we think the principle at work there also supports the conditional exemption at issue here. And as noted above, we find nothing in § 3004(y) that would restrict the ability of the EPA to grant conditional exemptions for military munitions.
2. Arbitrary and capricious review
The MTP attacks the conditional exemption for transportation and storage on the ground that it arbitrarily exempts the military from certain restrictions that appear in Subtitle C but not in the corresponding DOD regulations. For instance, Subtitle C relies upon the issuance of permits as a vehicle for regulating the treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste, see 42 C.F.R. § 6925(a), and the permitting process provides, among other things, for participation by the public (id. § 6974(b)(2)(A)) and facility-wide cleanup of contamination (id. § 6924(u)). The MTP “objedfs] to EPA’s decision not to incorporate [the DOD’s storage and transportation] standards into a regulation that would also implement the additional RCRA requirements” not included in the DOD regulations.
As the intervenors correctly observe, the MTP’s argument is essentially the same as the argument we rejected in NRDC v. EPA, 25 F.3d at 1071-72, where we considered the EPA’s specification of the factors it would consider in deciding whether to list a waste as hazardous. Noting that one such factor is “[a]ction taken by other governmental agencies or regulatory programs” to control any hazard posed by the substance, 40 C.F.R. § 261.11(a)(3)(x), we said:
To accept petitioners’ proposition that EPA may not rationally rely on other federal regulatory programs because none are as comprehensive as subtitle C would be to drain this factor of all content: EPA could never rely on other environmental regulations to control a potentially hazardous substance because no other environmental regulation can match the might of subtitle C.
Id. at 1072. Insofar as the present petitioner seeks categorically to prevent the EPA from taking account of other regulatory programs in evaluating the need for it to act, we again reject that position.
Comparing the DOD regulations at issue here with regulation under Subtitle C, the EPA does not deny that there are “gaps in certain procedural requirements and in areas unrelated to risks from explosive materials.” 62 Fed.Reg. at 6637. Significantly, however, the MTP disavows any challenge to the “technical soundness” of the DOD regulations; indeed, the MTP concedes that those regulations “impose reasonably protective standards” upon the transportation and storage of military munitions. Accordingly, we have no reason to doubt the EPA’s determination that any gaps in the DOD regulations do not “undermine the protection of human health and the environment in any significant way,” and that the imposition of the full panoply of Subtitle C regulation would not “significantly increase protection.” Id.
We also reject as simply mistaken the MTP’s argument that the conditional exemption impermissibly allows the military “to regulate itself’ because the party responsible for the storage or transportation of the waste must report noneompliance with DOD regulations only insofar as it determines that the noncompliance “may endanger health or the environment.” The EPA interprets the Military Munitions Rule as requiring notice of all instances of noncompliance, not only those that in the judgment of the transporting or storing military authority “may endanger health or the environment.” That interpretation is fully supported by the text of the relevant regulations, which call for reporting “any failure to meet a condition” for exemption. 40 C.F.R. §§ 266.203(a)(l)(iv) & 266.205(a)(l)(v).
The MTP makes still other objections to the conditional exemption, but none warrants treatment in a published opinion. We uphold the conditional exemption as a permissible construction of the RCRA and a rational— not an arbitrary and capricious — policy choice.
III. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons we grant the motions for leave to intervene, deny the motion to strike portions of the intervenors’ brief, and deny the petition for review.
So ordered. | CASELAW |
Page:Archaeological Journal, Volume 4.djvu/275
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. 255 of the Philosophical Society at York, and they have been considered by some persons to be as ancient as the Roman period. Specimens of medieval glazed ware are uncommon in England ; one of the most curious hitherto found, is the grotesque figure in the possession of Mr. William Figg, at Lewes'^ ; and Mr. Abram Kirkmann is possessed of a small glazed vessel, found in London, somewhat similar in form to those here repre- sented, which is interesting, on account of the crowned head with which it is ornamented, probably intended as a portraiture of Edward II. A representation of this singular vessel has been given in the Journal of the British Archaeological Association. During the repairs of the Temple church, in 1841-43, a little vessel was found, of light yellow colour, partially glazed, and very similar in form and dimensions to the smaller specimen exhibited by Mr. Powell. It lay with two other fictile vessels, near the leaden coffins which were found in the north aisle. Representations of them have been given by Mr. Edward Richardson, with his curious notices of the or- namented coflUns and objects found in the Temple church. Amongst the grotesques in- troduced in the Louterel Psal- ter, a MS. of the earlier part of the fourteenth century, and supposed to have been illumi- nated in England, vessels of red Avare are seen, somewhat simi- lar in form, used as weapons in a rustic game or combat**. The Hon. Richard Neville kindly sent, through Sir John Boileau, Bart., several ancient weapons for exhibition at the monthly meeting, on June 5, ult. Of one of these, a pole- axe of curious form, a repre- sentation has been given in a previous page ; the other arms were a two-handed sword, of EnjushBiii. the sixteenth centuiy, an Eng- A Ancieut £i:ilt>ard •= See p. 79 of this volume. See also the earthen vessels found <it Trinity col- lege, Oxford, described by the Rev. Dr. Ingram, Arch. Journ., vol. iii. ■' Vctusta Monunienta, vol. vi. plate 2t. | WIKI |
Working out at home is the next big thing. From hectic schedules to factors like convenience and saving money, home workouts are gaining popularity due to several benefits. Apart from being good for your wallet, it creates a comfortable environment. Along with that, it is the best way to maintain social distance and avoid crowded places.
Home workouts deliver better, if not similar, results. With a ton of fitness programs online, apps and personalised training sessions on video calls, getting and staying fit at home is a dream come true for many. Here’s a simple yet effective workout routine you can do without any equipment.
5 Benefits Of Working Out At Home
• You don’t have to travel or wait for machines or equipment, and thus save time
• No gym fees or the need for expensive equipment, making it low cost
• You can work out at any time of the day according to your schedule
• There is complete privacy making you feel confident
• You don’t have to feel any pressure to keep up with anyone and can go at your own pace
3 Trendy Home Workouts To Try
A 20-30 minute workout routine can yield amazing results. The key is consistency and doing it correctly. You can customise your own workouts and change it up whenever you want.
1. Yoga HIIT
This unique form of hybrid training is the new trend like Aqua Zumba or Yogalates. Yoga HIIT is the combination of the ancient art of Yoga combined with HIIT (high-intensity interval training). This workout helps you achieve a serious calorie burn while simultaneously lengthening and stretching your muscles. It uses dynamic yoga poses and often ends with some full-body yoga-style stretches. It is perfect for people who struggle with sticking to a routine as it offers novelty. Ustrasana, Bhujangasana and Paschimottanasana are some of the yoga asanas for belly fat reduction.
2. Dance
If you are someone who can’t stay still when your favourite song comes on or loves shaking a leg, this is the perfect workout for you. Dance workouts combine the goodness of cardio by choreographing moves to upbeat songs. This requires no equipment, just your mobile will do. Select a high tempo song with great beats and get dancing. There are plenty of tutorials available, online along with professional trainers who specialise in dance workouts.
3. Crossfit
Crossfit is a mix of different HIIT exercises combined into one. It focuses on building core strength along with working out your entire body. If you are looking for a workout routine that delivers great results with maximum intensity, this is the one for you. Crossfit training works best for those who know and understand their capabilities and limitations. From jumping jacks and burpees to squats and lunges, it has a variety of exercises for your whole body.
Step-By-Step Workout Routine
1. Warm-Up
Warming up before jogging, running or working out is a must. It helps the body prepare for what’s coming next. Warm-up exercises loosen stiff muscles and help them stretch. They also regulate blood circulation and alleviates oxygen levels.
1. Start by rotating your wrists and ankles, one by one, both clockwise and counterclockwise.
2. Next, do some wrist extension and flexion exercises to help stretch.
3. Then, move your shoulders in circular motions, both clockwise and counterclockwise.
4. Do the same with your hands on your shoulders.
5. Continue with swinging arm raise, hip rotation, toe touch and torso swing.
2. Targeted Exercises
You can choose whichever workout type you want. But to achieve maximum fitness, it is advised that women do some targeted exercises. Crunches help reduce belly fat while hip raises get rid of love handles. Squats help strengthen core muscles along with working out your glutes. Push-ups help tone the arms and build upper body strength. So choose and customise a routine to best suit your needs.
1. For arms, try plank taps, tricep dips, inchworm, side planks and rolling push-ups.
2. Various types of crunches like twist crunches, reverse crunches and leg raise work well.
3. Try seated, lying, tractioned and supported leg raises for your lower body.
4. Squat types like front, single-leg, parallel and plie are great ways to address mid-body fat.
3. Workout
Next comes the workout of your choice. You can choose a Yoga HIIT, Dance, Crossfit or any other routine of your choice. Make sure it spans up to 20-30 minutes. A mix of cardio plus high-intensity exercises will certainly help achieve your fitness goals.
A high-intensity cardio workout:
1. Jumping jacks and jumping lunges
2. Plank Jacks
3. Butt Kicks
4. Skipping rope
5. Burpees
4. Yoga
Experts suggest doing yoga every single day. Even if you skip your workout once a week, make sure to do some yoga exercises. These are simple exercises that help you stay connected with your mind, body and soul. They help get rid of tension, stress and overall negativity.
1. For beginners, it is beneficial to include Kumbhakasana, Paschimottanasana, Paripurna Navasana and Dhanurasana in your routine.
2. Yoga exercises like Tadasana, Vrikshasana, Garudasana and Natarajasana help improve your concentration.
3. Sukhasana, Uttanasana, Sasangasana and Halasana are a few yoga exercises that help relieve stress.
4. To get a good night’s sleep, try Ananda Balasna, Viparita Karani, Supta Matsyendrasana and Supta Baddha Konasana.
5. Cool Down
It is vital to stretch and let the body cool down post your workout. This regulates your heartbeat and blood pressure. A cool-down provides the body with a smooth transition from exercise back to a steady-state of rest. Incorporating a cool down after your workout can help prevent injuries, and that goes for beginners as well as seasoned athletes. It also helps you reflect on your accomplishments and boosts your confidence.
1. Start by stretching your upper body. Arms up in the air and stand on your toes.
2. Do a seated forward bend to help relax the muscles in your legs.
3. Next, do a reclining butterfly pose to help relax your thighs and hips.
4. A spinal twist followed by a corpse pose will do the trick.
A complete at-home workout session with zero equipment can help you achieve your fitness goals. All you need is the will to do so, maintain regularity and change up your routine to beat monotony. So try these trendy workouts, customise your own routine and get going!
Srushti Pathak
Srushti Pathak
A blogger, aspiring author and old soul at heart, Srushti Pathak believes in writing stories that touch the heart. She maintains that curiosity defines her zeal for writing and creativity in all spheres of life motivates her.
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Vira Ageyeva
Vira Ageyeva (Віра Павлівна Агеєва, born 1958) is a Ukrainian literary critic and philologist. In 1990, she and other scholars established the first feminist seminars in the country as an initiative of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and she was a co-founder of the Kyiv Institute for Gender Studies in 1998. She was honored as a joint winner of the Shevchenko National Prize in 1996 and the Petro Mohyla Prize, an award given by Academic Council of the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, in 2008.
Early life and education
Vira Pavlivna Ageyeva was born 30 July 1958 in Bakhmach, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1980, she graduated from the Taras Shevchenko National University in Kyiv and began working as a senior researcher of the Institute of Literature there. From 1985, she was employed at the Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In 1990, Aheyeva, Tamara Hundorova, and Natalka Shumylo worked with Solomiia Pavlychko to establish a feminist seminar at the Institute of Literature of the National Academy. It was the first time the methodology of feminist analysis and gender criticism was introduced in the country. These same women established a feminist section in the academic journal Slovo i Chas (Word and Time) and began publishing works such as Aheyeva's Women's Space: Feminist Discourse of Ukrainian Modernism, hoping to establish feminist analysis within literary studies. Their work led to other academics establishing gender studies programs throughout the country. In 1995, Ageyeva earned her PhD in philology from the same institution.
Career
After completing her doctorate, Ageyeva started her career as the deputy editor-in-chief of the academic journal Slovo i Chas in 1995. The following year, she was appointed as a professor at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. She was a co-founder of the Київського інституту ґендерних досліджен (Kyiv Center for Gender Studies), which was launched at the National Academy's Institute of Literature in 1998. Between 2006 and 2007, Ageyeva was the third Chopivsky Fellow of Ukrainian Studies at Stanford University near Palo Alto, California.
Research
Ageyeva's work focuses on the issues of gender identity and the complexity of gender relationships as they are portrayed in literature. Her literary criticism evaluates from a psychoanalytical perspective the characters and traditional values as they conflict with contemporary context. She is interested in the 20th-century styles of Ukrainian prose of the 20th century, and particularly the Ukrainian writers who were part of the Executed Renaissance. She has profusely published literary criticism with a gender perspective in journals such as Berezil, the journal of the National Writers' Union of Ukraine which was formerly known as Прапор (Flag) until 1991; Fatherland (journal); and Slovo i Chas. For example, in such articles as "A Voice of Her Own: Female Integrity and the Modernist Revolt", in Other Optics: Gender Challenges of Today, Ageyeva notes that women authors were often excluded from literary canons, forcing them to find their ways to express their authentic voices. Ukrainian women writers, thus turned away from 19th-century objective realism and introduced modernist trends of subjectivity.
In 1996, Ageyeva published in conjunction with multiple other authors, a textbook in two volumes, edited by Vitaliy Donchyk, which was a philological guide for university students. Eight of the authors, including Ageyeva, Donchyk, Yuri Kovaliv, Andriy Kravchenko (academic), Volodymyr A. Melnyk, Volodymyr Morenets, Mykhailo Nayenko, and Hryhoriy Shton received the Shevchenko National Prize in 1996 for their work on the textbooks. Her work Поетика парадокса: інтелектуальна проза Віктора Петрова-Домонтовича (Poetics of Paradox: Intellectual Prose of Victor Petrov-Domontovich) won the 2008 Petro Mohyla Prize of the Academic Council of the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy and her work on Maksym Rylsky, published in 2012, received a literary scholarship award from the magazine LitAkcent. In the book, she had argued that Rylsky had rejected Socialist realism, the official literary style, in favor of a neoclassical Ukrainian method. | WIKI |
Page:Mike (Wodehouse).djvu/43
Rh Mike to tea in his study one afternoon before going to the nets.
Mike arrived, sidling into the study in the half-sheepish, half-defiant manner peculiar to small brothers in the presence of their elders, and stared in silence at the photographs on the walls. Bob was changing into his cricket things. The atmosphere was one of constraint and awkwardness.
The arrival of tea was the cue for conversation.
"Well, how are you getting on?" asked Bob.
"Oh, all right," said Mike.
Silence.
"Sugar?" asked Bob.
"Thanks," said Mike.
"How many lumps?"
"Two, please."
"Cake?"
"Thanks."
Silence.
Bob pulled himself together.
"Like Wain's?"
"Ripping."
"I asked Firby-Smith to keep an eye on you," said Bob.
"What!" said Mike.
The mere idea of a worm like the Gazeka being told to keep an eye on him was degrading.
"He said he'd look after you," added Bob, making things worse.
Look after him! Him!! M. Jackson, of the third eleven!!!
Mike helped himself to another chunk of cake, and spoke crushingly.
"He needn't trouble," he said. "I can look after myself all right, thanks."
Bob saw an opening for the entry of the Heavy Elder Brother.
"Look here, Mike," he said, "I'm only saying it for your good" | WIKI |
11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
The 11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (11th AAA Bn) was a United States Marine Corps antiaircraft unit that served during World War II. Formed in 1942 as the 11th Defense Battalion, its original mission was to provide air and coastal defense for advanced naval bases. During the war the battalion defended took part in combat operations in the Solomon Islands. The battalion's tank platoon also saw extensive action on New Georgia and Arundel Island. The battalion was decommissioned before the end of the war on December 15, 1944.
Organization
The 11th Defense Battalion was commissioned on June 15, 1942 at Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, South Carolina. On August 26, 1942 the battalion was moved to Marine Corps Air Station New River, North Carolina. It departed New River via train on October 7, 1942 bound for the West Coast. After a month and a half in San Diego, California the battalion departed the United States on December 3, 1942.
Solomon Islands
The 11th Defense Battalion arrived at Efate in the New Hebrides on December 21, 1942. On January 14, 1943 the battalion sailed from Efate and landed at Tulagi on January 17. It was assigned air and coastal defense for the Purvis Bay area of the Florida Islands. An antiaircraft detachment from the 11th accompanied the 43rd Infantry Regiment as it cleared Banika on February 21, 1943. The det was later relieved by a detachment from the 10th Defense Battalion. During July 1943, M3A1 Stuart Light Tanks of the 11th Defense Battalion were assigned to support the 43rd Infantry Division securing Munda Point on New Georgia. After Munda, the tank section was transported via landing craft to Arundel Island where they again provided fire support for the 43rd Infantry during their seizure of the island. On July 13, 1943 another detachment was displaced when the 90 mm guns of Battery E were sent to support operations on New Georgia. Battery E went ashore on August 9 at Enogai Inlet to provide air defense following the Battle of Enogai. These 50 marines, with their 40 mm antiaircraft guns and .50 cal machine guns, were a welcome addition to the base's defense. That evening the Battery E Marines scored a "probable" shoot down on a Japanese aircraft. On September 24, 1943 the battalion ceased operations at Purvis Bay and prepared for embarkation on naval shipping.
New Georgia
The entire battalion arrived on New Georgia on September 26 and immediately began emplacing near Ondonga Airfield. On January 18, 1944 the battalion was notified that it would be soon relieved by incoming United States Army units. The battalion was officially relieved by the 276th Coast Artillery on February 10. During this time the battalion's Special Weapons Group was detached from the 40th Infantry Division on Guadalcanal. On March 10, 1944 the 11th Defense Battalion loaded all personnel and equipment onto the USS Hyperion (AK-107). New orders arrived and the ship had to be unloaded and the battalion instead moved to Arundel Island.
Reorganization, Hawaii and decommissioning
Beginning in 1944 the Marine Corps removed coastal artillery from the defense battalions in order to form additional heavy artillery units for the Fleet Marine Force. On April 20, 1944 the battalion was divested of its seacoast artillery. These Marines and their equipment were transferred to Guadalcanal and used to form 155mm gun battalions. Because of the divestiture of the coastal defense mission, the battalion was re-designated as the 11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on May 16, 1944.
June 1944 saw the battalion stage on Ondongo Island preparing to move. On June 21, 481.5 short tons of the battalion's gear departed on the USS Kopara (AK-62). After some delay, an additional 440.7 short tons departed on board USS LST-398 on June 29. All elements of the battalion had arrived at Guadalcanal by July 10. The battalion continued training until November 27 when word was received that the battalion was going to be disbanded. All officers and Marines with two years overseas were sent home and other personnel were transferred to other units. The 11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion was decommissioned on December 15, 1944.
Unit awards
A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. The 11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion has been presented with the following awards:
Notable former members
* Donald Regan - former United States Secretary of the Treasury | WIKI |
Page:Transactions NZ Institute Volume 15.djvu/641
Rh
New Member.—Dr. W. H. Gaze.
1. "Notes on and a new Species of Subterranean Crustacea," by C. Chilton, M.A. (Transactions, p. 87.)
2. "On the New Zealand Desmidieæ, Additions to Catalogue and Notes on various Species," by W. M. Maskell. (Transactions, p. 237.)
3. "Further Notes on the Rock Shelter of Weka Pass," by Professor J. von Haast.
New Member.—W. Watt.
2. "Descriptions of new Land Shells," by Professor F. W. Hutton. (Transactions, p. 134.)
One special and nine ordinary meetings have been held, at which 18 papers have been read contributed by seven authors, viz.,—13 on Zoology, 2 on Geology, 2 on Botany, and 1 of a miscellaneous character.
Nine new members have been added to the list during the year, and 13 have withdrawn, making the number at present on the books 164.
The Council is pleased to state that valuable additions have been made to the library during the year. The donations comprise 18 volumes and about 220 pamphlets.
The additions made to the library by purchase number 128 volumes, including a valuable and complete series of the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, and also Emelin's Handbook of Chemistry.
The Council deemed it advisable in the early part of the session, to appoint a committee to revise the Rules of the Institute, and the changes were adopted at a special meeting of the Institute held 9th February, 1882.
The Council has corresponded with the other affiliated societies of the New Zealand Institute, asking if they would co-operate in suggesting to the Board of Governors the desirability of publishing the Transactions either quarterly or half-yearly. The majority of replies were favourable, but as the societies were not unanimous, the Council did not consider it advisable to proceed with the matter.
The report of the Microscopical Section stated that meetings had been held twice a month during the session, and that several of the members were actively engaged in original work. | WIKI |
User:Pratyya Ghosh/Australian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2011-12
Overall, however, the Australian squad showed a remarkable lack of forethought, with the selectors preferring to keep together more or less the same party that had just traipsed around the subcontinent. The only changes were brought about by injury - the fit-again Xavier Doherty replaced Jason Krejza in the spin department - and paternity leave, with David Hussey staying at home for the birth of his first child. His place was taken by Callum Ferguson.
Venues
All matches will be played at the following three grounds: | WIKI |
Best Domain and Hosting( 2020) Tech Teacher Debashree
Domain and Hosting in the Technical World is an important issue. Today we will talk about domains and hosting. Hope to be able to clearly explain the matter.
What is Domain?
In simple words, the name of a website is domain. Domain name is very similar to people’s name. The difference between domain name and man’s name is that people’s names are not unique, that is, one name is more than one person.
But the domain name is not completely unique, ie, a domain is not the second in the world, you can see the mobile number as an example, for example, the phone number of your phone number is not exactly the same. Domain is the address of a website. Through which the user can find your website.
You need to give a name to your website if you want to create website. And the name of the website is called domain.
The name through which the name of your website people can find domain Like we can find facebook on www.facebook.com Google wants to find out more about us by www.google.com. The name that your website will visit with a website is the domain of your website.
The domain is not the only one with .com, but different types of websites use different types of domain people.
Everyone uses .com for business or general use. However, for different types of websites, people use different domain extensions such as .org for the organization, .net for the networking site (www.webhostbd.com), and many more types of domain are used for information sites.
The domain above is called premium domain. If you use these on your website, you have to buy it with the money. Generally, the value of such domains is between 800-2000 rupees for one year.
Let’s know a little more about the domain?
Domain name must have at least 3 characters and can have up to 63 characters. Only English letters, 0 to 9 numbers and “-” (hyphen) domain names can be used inside.
Top level domains: .com, .net, .org, .info etc. Domains are called top level domains. (To buy these domains)
Free domain: .blog.com, .xtgem.com, .blogspot.com .tk, .wordpress.com, .weebly.com etc. The domain is called free domain. (These domains are freely available)
What is hosting?
Many know what the domain is but do not know what hosting is. If you buy a domain then you buy a name for your website. Your website should be kept in a PC that will be 24 hours a day and 365 days a year.
Hosting companies offer the convenience of keeping your website on a PC that is always open. Hosting companies offer this service in exchange for monthly or annual money. Different companies offer hosting at different prices.
If you want to take hosting , different companies will have to pay a different type of price. You have to buy the amount of points you can buy from your PC. And the place you buy for your website is hosting.
If you want you can keep your website in your home PC but your home computer is running 24 hours 365 days? If you put the website on your PC, your visitors will not be able to see your website without having to shut down your computer or internet connection.
The PC that you host on your website will always have to be turned on. Your visitor will be able to see your website when the hosted PC is open.
The hosting companies in the world, including the hosting company of Bangladesh, sell different types of hosting. Such as: Shared Hosting, VPS, Dedicated Server etc. You need to buy the hosting space according to your needs.
Many of those who do not know think domain hosting is the same thing. Or buy one tie 2 tie.
Not a domain of one thing and hosting another thing. 2 tie you have to buy, with a different amount of money.
But usually those who sells the hosting, they sell domains and sell them. If you want, you can buy 2 tie from the same provider. You can also buy it from a different company. For creating landing page you can use best plugins.
But I will tell you the domain and the hosting you buy from the same company will benefit from your maintenance.
Now you can buy a domain and your job is finished. But not, if you buy a domain you must buy a hosting for it. You bought a domain that means you bought a place on the internet, now your domain should be kept 24/7 online.
This requires your hosting company. The website is one of the most popular and easy to promote information.
Simply put, the website is the way to present your information to others – it can be text or multimedia (such as photos, audio or video). The web developer’s work of nicely enhancing them on the website.
And your website is known for being able to see others as web hosting.
If your website is compared to your office building, its information or content will be its furniture. Developing websites can be compared to building the house with it.
In that case, website hosting can be compared to buying a place for your office building and building a house in that place. Only then will the visitors have the opportunity to use the website.
The hosting of that site is the place where a website will be located. We see that any web site is made up of some text and multimedia (Picture / Video). This site is owned by the site or BIT is hosting the site.
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Asian Americans were suspicious to Californians because there was a thriving vice economy in Chinatown and most Asians were not Christian. Even before that, Americans had a mythic ideal of Asians or ”Orientals” and were concerned about foreigners in their country. Coincidentally , America’s economy was shifting from freedom for workers to capitalism and most Californians projected their fear onto Asian Americans. In their opinion, Asian American immigrants spoiled the United States independence and freedom(Guo). Some political parties even openly wished for Asians to be ostracized from the rest of America.
Rani lakshmi Bai and Nana Sahib became bitter enemies of the British and they led the revolt in their respective territories. A blatant act of back-stabbing by the British were widely seen through the annexation of awadh whereas the nawabs of awadh had always been loyal to the British. the sepoy was mostly came from awadh and British action deeply hurt the sentiments of them. even under the new regime, peasants had to pay even higher revenue and additional taxes were imposed therefore there was no relief from opperession. the British also provided no alternative source of employment to the people who lost their jobs due to the dissolution of the nawab's administration.
In the 19th century, western powers such as Britain were increasing their influence across the world and were engaging in free trade to improve their economic position. One of Britain’s biggest trading partner was China and there was a huge demand for Chinese products such as Chinese tea, porcelain and silk by the British. However, the Chinese had no interest in buying the products offered by the British and this led to Britain facing a huge trade deficit. In response to this, British traders began to illegally ship opium from India to China which led to a widespread addiction to opium in China that caused many economic and social problems in China. In order to control this addiction, the Chinese government led by Lin Zexu confiscated and destroyed over 20,000 chests of opium from British merchants.
Mao formed a paramilitary group, the Red Guard, to implement this campaign which was made up of the Chinese youth. The education system was removed, therefore the Youth joined the Red Guard and harassed the elderly and intellectual population who were considered class enemies
Throughout “Go West,” Peter Hessler explains the egotistical differences between people living in China and those living in America. For one, their curiosity lies in different places; in Hessler’s words, “Most Chinese were intensely curious about foreign life” (48). In his experience, people in China held many misconceptions about the quality of American life, so whenever they were presented with the opportunity to learn more, they took it. That being said, Hessler also comments, “many Chinese had impressed me as virtually uninterested in themselves or their communities” (53). In other words, the curiosity of the Chinese extends far enough to reach the other end of the globe, but it still maintains a decent distance from their own cities.
The second Red Scare was a time period where government officials were questioned whether they had Communist affiliations. To eradicate the security threats in the government, President Truman issued Executive Order 9835 to search out “infiltration of disloyal persons.” This action caused the investigation of people like Alger Hiss and other suspected Communists. The government along with the citizens set up effective ways, Blacklists, to bar Communists from getting hired for work. In 1950, Red Channels, a book that exposed 151 writers, actors, musicians, and other radio and television entertainers as Communists, was published. This book completely devastated the people on the list and placed these people on Blacklists.
Immigrants such as the Chinese were hired only for laboring purposes due to their race to fulfill the jobs that White men would not do. Indians as well were affected by this social and racial organization. They had signed many treaties with the White men to give them the
People develop addictions because of being introduced and liking a product that they consume the first few times. Eventually, if they keep consuming that product, they will want to keep having it, so they will waste more time and money on that product that they want to keep using. This will drain the sliver out of China and go back to the previous holders of it. The British would formally take advantage of their weakness and keep collecting opium to sell to China. The Mafia was similar since they abuse their extortion by making civilians think they need to pay in order to be safe and happy.
The abuse of power by the higher authority angered millions. The people wanted a republic because of lacking leaders. The mass numbers shared a common goal and this paved the bloody path to the power of the people. The idea of revolution was spread to the oppressed Third Estate citizens and the divisions between the estates lead to an uprising which then created the National Assembly. The partisans of the Third Estate destroyed symbols of royal power through the storming of the Bastille and the Women’s March.
The French and Indian war nearly doubled the national debt of the British so they decided to raise taxes on the American colonists in an attempt to raise money. It was not easy for the British to collect these new taxes as they were met with resistance, so much that they had to send in more soldiers to help the representatives of the British government perform their jobs safely. Being taxed more made the colonists start having revolutionary thoughts towards their British
In the late 1800s, many Chinese immigrants arrived to the United States. Some challenges for example is the boycott flyer that was created in 1898 and the Geary act. In 1898, the labor union leaders boycotted Chinese Restaurants, Wash houses, and Tailor shops. They also tried to exclude the chinese from working in jobs such as mining. Another challenge they faced was the Geary act.
For example, the Mexican immigrants said that they do not want their children to suffer like they did and work long hours. Also, they said that they rather would rather died than take them out of school. Another example is that the Chinese only came to America to work and to bring money back to their country. Not only did they want to better their life, they wanted to better their family lives as well. Mexican immigrants left Mexico due to horrible circumstance.
The Sons of Liberty club sprang up to oppose the tax, so they burned the stamps and drove out all the stamp collectors. The Boston Sons of Liberty, headed by Sam Adams, was one of the most uncontrollable patriots in the country. Townshend Acts: •Named after the Chancellor Charles Townshend became the birth of six new laws. The motivation for these acts was to use the money to pay the salaries of governors and judges so that they would stay loyal to Great Britain. Mainly so that the governors and judges would punish the province of New York for failing to obey the Quartering Act. | FINEWEB-EDU |
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With a little gasp and a murmured apology, Miss Meyrick turned quickly and entered the elevator. Lord Harrowby stood like a man of stone, gazing at the sandwich boards.
It was at this point that the hotel detective sufficiently recovered himself to lay eager hands on the audacious sandwich man and propel him violently from the scene.
In the background Mr. Minot perceived Henry Trimmer, puffing excitedly on a big black cigar, a triumphant look on his face.
Mr. Trimmer's bomb was thrown. | WIKI |
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MAYER. l'anima' from 'Lauso e Lidia.' In 1802 he became maestro di capella of Santa Maria Maggiore in Bergamo, and was so much attached to his work there, that he declined not only invitations to London, Paris, Lisbon, and Dresden, but also the post of Censor to the Conservatorio of Milan, his appointment to which had been signed by the Viceroy of Italy in 1807. As professor of composition in the musical Institute of Bergamo,—founded in 1805, reorganised in 1811—he exercised great and good influence, Donizetti was one of his pupils there. He was the founder of two institutions for decayed musicians and their widows, the 'Scuola caritatevole di Musica,' and the 'Pio Institute di Bergamo.' He had been blind for some years before his ' death, which took place on Dec. 2, 1845. The city of Bergamo erected a monument to him in 1852, and in 1875 his remains and those of Donizetti were removed with much ceremony to the church of Santa Maria Maggiore. The most celebrated of his operas are 'Lodoïska' (1795 [App. p.715 "1800"]), 'Ginevra di Scozia' (1801), 'Medea' (1812 [App. p.715 "1813"]), and 'Rosa bianca e Rosa rossa' (1814). He also set the libretto of Cherubini's 'Deux Journées.' He is said to have been the first to introduce the crescendo of the orchestra to which Rossini owes so much of his fame. He wrote a small book on Haydn (1809), a biography of Capuzzi the violinist, and poems on his death in 1818; also 'La Dottrina degli elementi musicali' still in MS. in Bergamo. [ F. G. ]
MAYNARD,, a lutenist, published in 1611 'The XII Wonders of the World, Set and composed for the Violl de Gamba, the Lute, and the Voyce to sing the Verse, all three jointly and none severall: also Lessons for the Lute and Base Violl to play alone; with some Lessons to play Lyra-waye alone, or if you will to fill up the parts with another Violl set Lute-way.' The work contains 12 songs severally describing the characters of a Courtier, Divine, Soldier, Lawyer, Physician, Merchant, Country Gentleman, Bachelor, Married Man, Wife, Widow and Maid; and 12 pavans and galliards for the lute. A curious canon. 'Eight parts in one upon the Plaine Song,' is on the title page. The composer described himself as 'Lutenist at the most famous Schoole of St. Julian's in Hartfordshire,' and dedicated his work 'To his ever-honoured Lady and Mistris the Lady Joane Thynne, of Cause Castle in Shropshire.' Some organ pieces by one Maynard (presumably the same) are contained in a MS. in the library of the Sacred Harmonic Society. [ W. H. H. ]
MAYSEDER,, violinist and composer, son of a poor painter, born in Vienna, Oct. 26, 1789. Beginning at 8, he learnt the violin from Suche and Wranitzky. Schuppanzigh took a great interest in the lad, and entrusted him with the second violin in his quartets. In 1800 he gave his first concert in the Augarten with brilliant success. He rapidly made his way with the court and nobility, and among musicians. In 1816 he entered the court chapel, in 1820 became solo-violin at the court theatre, and in 1835 was appointed chamber-violinist to the Emperor. The municipality awarded him the large gold 'Salvator Medal' in 1811, and presented him with the freedom of the city in 1817. In 1862 the Emperor bestowed on him the order of Franz-Joseph. In 1815 he gave, with Hummel (afterwards replaced by Moscheles) and Giuliani, the so-called 'Dukaten-concerte.' He also gave concerts with Merk the cellist, but after 1837 he never appeared in public. He never played abroad; even on his visit to Paris in 1820, he would only play before a select circle of artists, including Kreutzer, Baudiot, Cherubini, Habeneck, Lafont, and Viotti. He took a great interest in the string-quartet party which met at Baron Zmeskall's house (where Beethoven was often present), and afterwards in that at Prince Constantine Czartoryski's (from 1843 to 56). His many pupils spread his name far and wide. His tone was peculiarly fascinating, and his execution had great breadth and elevation of style. With the exception of a grand mass he composed only chamber music of a style similar to his playing. He published 63 works, including concertos, polonaises, variations, 5 quintets and 8 quartets for strings, études and duets for violin, 4 trios, sonatas, etc. for P.F., trio for violin, harp, and horn, etc. Mayseder died universally respected Nov. 21, 1863. [ C. F. P. ]
MAZAS,, French violinist and composer, was born in 1782 [App. p.715 "Sept. 23"] at Beziers. He entered the Paris Conservatoire in 1802, and after having studied for three years under Baillot, obtained the first prize for violin-playing. He had great success at Paris, especially with his performance of a violin-concerto by Auber at the Conservatoire. He travelled through a very large part of Europe, and returned in 1829 to Paris, without however gaining his former success. In 1837 he left Paris again, and accepted the directorship of a music-school at Cambrai. He died in 1849.
Mazas wrote a large number of brilliant violin pieces, quartets, trios, and duets for stringed instruments (the latter still much valued for teaching purposes), an instruction-book for the violin, and one for the viola. Fétis mentions also two operas, two violin-concertos, and an overture. [ P. D. ]
MAZURKA,, or , a national Polish dance, deriving its name from the ancient Palatinate of Masovia. Mazurkas were known as early as the 16th century; they originated in national songs accompanied with dancing. They were introduced into Germany by Augustus III, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland (1733–1763), and after becoming fashionable in Paris, reached England towards 1845. The Mazurka was naturalised in Russia after the subjugation of Poland, but the Russian dance differs from the Polish in being performed by an indefinite number, while the latter is usually danced by four or eight couples. The | WIKI |
How Do You Unsave Something On Instagram?
Open the Instagram app and go to your “Profile”. Tap the three lines in the top left corner, and then select “Settings”. Scroll down and “Hate it” when you find the post you want to remove. It will change to a red square, meaning it’s been removed from your likes.
How do I unsave all my saved posts on Instagram?
For those who have Instagram accounts, you’ll soon need to delete your account. Once your account is deleted you’ll lose your history, all of your posts on Instagram and you’ll lose all of your followers.
How do you Unsaver on Instagram?
However, one way to tell if a post is spam is to take a look at who the author is. Are they trying to scam you into a product they want to sell you? If they are not real and legitimate, then you definitely do not need to take their advice.
Why can’t I unsave posts on Instagram?
The website was designed to allow the user to create their own profile and have others write their own comments about that person on the site, where they then can be read by the person being commented upon, and the person being commented upon can see the comments made about them on the profile they have created so they can go comment back and reply to anyone who has written something interesting about them.
How do I unlike something on Instagram?
To like something on Instagram, first click on the heart at the top of the post you want to like.
Where do the saved Instagram photos go?
This means that Instagram will keep the images as long as they are connected to your Instagram, which will be until you delete them or until your Instagram account is suspended.
How do I edit a saved post on Instagram?
To edit a saved post on Facebook, open it, then tap the three dots in the upper right. Tap “Edit.” Tap “Done” after you’ve made your changes.
How do you Unlike all posts on Instagram at once?
You can start posting to all your social media accounts by going to the website. You can also go to the Instagram app and sign in, and switch to a business profile. Then, you can manage your posts.
Is there a limit to saved posts on Instagram?
Twitter is a site with a limit of around 140 characters per post, therefore, people tend to use an ellipses.
How do I delete collections?
Collections can also be deleted by clicking the little trash can icon.
Does Instagram delete saved posts?
Instagram does not delete the saved posts. You cannot access them any more.
Where is advanced settings on Instagram?
Advanced settings can be found by pressing the three lines in the top left corner of Instagram and then selecting settings.
How do you clear your Explore page on Instagram?
I also have an iPhone, but I didn’t think I was allowed to take it with me. So I brought this one.
How do I unlike all posts?
To unlike all posts on a particular topic or page, follow these steps:Go to the topic or page on which you want to unlike all posts.Click on the three dots in the top right corner of the post you want to unlike.Select ” Unlike “. You will be asked to confirm.
Can you organize Instagram saved?
When you open the Instagram app, you might want to see the photos you have already saved. To do this, go to your profile and open the three lines on the left side. Then tap the three lines, on the top, and then “Saved”, on the right side.
Can you see if someone saved your Instagram post?
You can see who saved your Instagram posts by clicking the three lines in the top left corner of the screen, and selecting “Saved.” From here, you’ll be able to see the people who saved your posts.
Who saves my posts on Instagram?
If you would like to save your Instagram posts to your camera roll, you can access the feature in your settings.
Does saving a photo on Instagram notify?
Yes, this service means that the phone is set up to automatically send a notification to the user who originally uploaded the image.
How do you clear your likes on Instagram?
In order to clear your likes on Instagram, you could either delete the app and re-download it, or you could clear your cache and cookies. If you are using a web browser, you could clear your browsing history and cookies.
Can you Unlike posts on Instagram?
You can also like posts on Facebook. To do that tap the plus sign at the top of your screen and select “Like”.
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This vignette illustrates how to make gridded/raster maps of sdmTMB output (or gridded data from any source) on a base map of class sf.
First, we will download coastline data for our region. We will use a medium resolution version. For applied situations on finer scales, you may want to use scale = "large".
map_data <- rnaturalearth::ne_countries(
scale = "medium",
returnclass = "sf", country = "canada")
# Crop the polygon for plotting and efficiency:
# st_bbox(map_data) # find the rough coordinates
bc_coast <- suppressWarnings(suppressMessages(
st_crop(map_data,
c(xmin = -134, ymin = 46, xmax = -120, ymax = 57))))
Transform our map into UTM 9 coordinates, which is the equal-area projection we fit in:
utm_zone9 <- 3156
bc_coast_proj <- sf::st_transform(bc_coast, crs = utm_zone9)
If you don’t know the crs number (3156 above), you can look it up by googling it or looking on https://epsg.io/. For example, https://epsg.io/3156.
Look at our base map:
ggplot(bc_coast_proj) + geom_sf()
Now we will fit a model and predict on a grid. The coordinates X and Y are already UTM zone 9 coordinates (in km).
d <- subset(pcod, year == 2017)
pcod_spde <- make_mesh(d, c("X", "Y"), cutoff = 30)
m <- sdmTMB(density ~ 0 + depth_scaled + depth_scaled2,
data = d, spde = pcod_spde, family = tweedie(link = "log"))
p <- predict(m, newdata = qcs_grid)
We can use sf::st_boundary() to help find reasonable limits on our map (output not shown):
sf::st_boundary(bc_coast_proj)
Finally, we will combine our gridded predictions with the base map. We will multiply the X and Y columns by 1000 because we worked in UTM km for model fitting (to avoid computational issues with the scale of the range paramater):
ggplot(bc_coast_proj) + geom_sf() +
geom_raster(data = p, aes(x = X * 1000, y = Y * 1000, fill = exp(est))) +
xlim(230957.7, 1157991 - 300000) +
ylim(5366427, 6353456 - 200000) +
scale_fill_viridis_c() +
theme_light() +
labs(fill = "Predicted\ndensity") +
labs(x = "Longitude", y = "Latitude") | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Kinu Nishimura
Kinu Nishimura (西村 キヌ) is a Japanese video game and anime concept artist and illustrator. Currently freelance, she is best known for her character design and promotional art for Capcom's fighting games during the 1990s.
Career
Kinu Nishimura began working at Capcom when she was recruited by Akiman while studying at Kyoto University of Art and Design in 1991, with her first job being Muscle Bomber, and her first major project for them being character design and illustrations for The King of Dragons. During her time at Capcom, she provided designs and art for many of their games, including the Street Fighter series (working alongside Akiman as the main illustrator for Street Fighter II and as character designer, promotional illustrator, and in-game artist for Street Fighter III and Street Fighter IV). She was the main illustrator (alongside Shinkiro) and promotional illustrator for the crossover games Capcom vs. SNK and Capcom vs. SNK 2, on which she worked for Capcom on SNK's characters. Her other work on Capcom's fighting games included the Darkstalkers series, Cyberbots: Full Metal Madness, and Rival Schools: United by Fate. She has also worked as character designer and/or promotional illustrator on such games as Armored Warriors, Cannon Spike, Dungeons & Dragons: Shadow over Mystara, Gaia Master, and Tech Romancer.
Despite Nishimura leaving Capcom in 2008, she has continued to work on some of their games as a freelancer, such as Marvel vs. Capcom 3. She also contributed new illustrations to the Street Fighter 25th and 30th anniversary art books in which she was featured prominently, and the tie-in art books for Darkstalkers Resurrection (including cover art ) and Dungeons & Dragons: Chronicles of Mystara.
Outside of Capcom, she has created character designs for many other games, including the Zero Escape series by Spike Chunsoft (although succeeded by Rui Tomono in Zero Time Dilemma) and Culdcept Revolt by Nippon Ichi Software, many social mobile games, anime TV series, including Overman King Gainer, Overlord, and Sirius the Jaeger, and other productions, such as a stage show Dragon, Dance With Wolves. She was charge of the characters and the game world planning for Agatsuma Entertainment's Code of Princess, of which launch copy includes the bonus disc containing a collection of her art; the game's producer said that he wanted to create a sequel, and that Nishimura had come up with some ideas for one already.
Many of her illustrations have been printed in various Capcom and other art books, or served as doujinshi covers. Other have been adapted for figurines (including the "Kinu Nishimura Collection" of Capcom vs. SNK 2 characters and a figure collection of the Capcom characters that she had designed, such as Street Fighter 's Ibuki ), posters, wall scrolls, and shirts.
Recognition
She is highly acclaimed and popular, both domestically and abroad. Kotaku featured her in an article series intended to celebrate the work of video game artists, and called her "one of the most accomplished artists to have ever worked in video games". Her art is one of the two stated main inspirations for the artist Da-kuro from Japanese company Gumi for their games such as Phantom of the Kill. She was also credited by Carlo Arellano, art director of video game Vainglory. The cover of a special edition of UDON's art book The UDON's Art of Capcom is a homage to her cover of Capcom Design Works. | WIKI |
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reasonable doubt the presence of any mitigating factors relied on by the accused. Due regard must be paid to the personal circumstances and subjective factors which might have influenced the accused person's conduct, and these factors must then be weighed up with the main objects of punishment, which have been held to be: deterrence, prevention, reformation, and retribution. In this process "[e]very relevant consideration should receive the most scrupulous care and reasoned attention", and the death sentence should only be imposed in the most exceptional cases, where there is no reasonable prospect of reformation and the objects of punishment would not be properly achieved by any other sentence.
There seems to me to be little difference between the guided discretion required for the death sentence in the United States, and the criteria laid down by the Appellate Division for the imposition of the death sentence. The fact that the Appellate Division, a court of experienced judges, takes the final decision in all cases is, in my view, more likely to result in consistency of sentencing, than will be the case where sentencing is in the hands of jurors who are offered statutory guidance as to how that discretion should be exercised.
The argument that the imposition of the death sentence under section 277 is arbitrary and capricious does not, however, end there. It also focuses on what is alleged to be the arbitrariness inherent in the application of section 277 in practice. Of the thousands of persons put on trial for murder, only a very small percentage are sentenced to death by a trial court, and of those, a large number escape the ultimate penalty on appeal. At every stage of the process there is an element of chance. The outcome may be dependent upon | WIKI |
User:Gbless17
This is gbless17 and his profile why people use ther name when tring to save something is because we care about ourselves b4 others. | WIKI |
Voting rights advocates sue over Tennessee crackdown on voter registration | TheHill
Voting rights groups filed a lawsuit on Thursday, hours after Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee (R) signed into law a measure that would impose criminal charges and fines on voter registration groups over incomplete forms and missed deadlines. Lee said the bill creates "elections with integrity," according to The Washington Post, but the coalition of voting rights groups argued that the measure's regulations violate the First Amendment. Voter rights groups contend that the law is intended to prevent people, particularly African Americans and other minorities, from registering to vote in a state that has one of the lowest voter registration rates in the nation. The lawsuit, filed by the Tennessee State Conference of the NAACP, Democracy Nashville-Democratic Communities, The Equity Alliance and The Andrew Goodman Foundation, argues that the law "violate[s] the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and [would] have a chilling effect on the exercise of fundamental First Amendment rights." Kristen Clarke, president and executive director of the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, which is representing the groups in the lawsuit, said the law is an attempt to prevent people from voting. “Tennessee’s law is one of the most restrictive voter suppression measures that we have seen this year. This is nothing more than a thinly veiled attempt to discourage and deter people from helping others to register to vote,” she said in a statement. Critics of the law have accused it of attempting to suppress black voters after organized efforts in the 2018 midterm election cycle to boost voter turnout among African Americans and people of color. The law makes a range of registration violations class A misdemeanors, which are punishable by nearly a year in jail and up to $2,500 in fines, according to The Associated Press. Those violations include paying workers to register new voters based on quotas, enrolling more than 100 voters without participating in state training and missing deadlines to send in registration forms. Groups could be forced to pay as much as $10,000 per county if more than 500 incomplete forms are sent in. Tennessee could also fine groups that submit 100 or more incomplete voter registration forms per year that lack a name, address, date of birth, declaration of eligibility or signature, the AP noted. The Hill has reached out to Tennessee's attorney general for comment. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Escuintla
Escuintla is an industrial city in Guatemala, its land extension is 4,384 km2, and it is nationally known for its sugar agribusiness. Its capital is a municipality with the same name. Citizens celebrate from December 6 to 9 with a small fair in honor to The Immaculate Conception.
In 2002 the city had a population of 86,678. It is located on the border of the central highlands and the Pacific coastal plain.
Etymology
Many of the names of the municipalities of Guatemala consist of one of two things: the name of a catholic saint to worship the day the city was founded or a description with Náhuatl roots. These influences are due to the troops in command of Pedro de Alvarado who invaded the region in 1520. These troops were composed of Spanish soldiers and indigenous Tlaxcaltecs.
The name Escuintla, comes from the indigenous language nahuatl «Itzcuintlán», which is a word composed of two words:
· «Itzcuintli»: means "dog"
· «tlan»: means "abundance"
Therefore, Escuintla means "abundance or place of dogs".
History
Escuintla used to be an important stop for trains going to Puerto San José until 2007.
Economy
The city is among the more industrialized areas of the country. One of the most important agricultural products of the region is sugar cane. Other products are tobacco, seafood, and cattle. Escuintla is bathed by the waters of the Pacific, and produces about 43 percent of gross domestic product of Guatemala, is statistically the department, province or region in Mesoamerica with lower unemployment and extreme poverty, this contrasts with the economic and social reality of Guatemala.
Geography
The city of Escuintla consists of 2 villages and 12 surrounding communities. The area includes 7 mountains, 55 rivers, 9 streams, and 21 brooks.
Geographic location
To the north of the municipality of Escuintla is Yepocapa (municipality of Chimaltenango) and Alotenango (municipality of Sacatepequez). To the East is Palin, San Vicente Pacaya, and Guanagazapa (municipality of Escuintla). To the south is Masagua (municipality of Escuintla). To the west is La Democracia, Siquinalá, and Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa (municipality of Escuintla).
Transportation
Today, the CA-2 and CA-9 highways cross here.
Municipal Government
The government of the cities of Guatemala are made of a municipal council. This is in accordance with article 254 in the Political Constitution of the Republic of Guatemala. The municipal code, which is similar to the ordinary law and contains disposition that applies to all cities of Guatemala, establishes in article 9 that the municipal council covers the deliberations and decisions of municipal issues.
The municipal council integrates with accordance of what the Constitution declares in article 254 which says that the council consists of a mayor, trustees, and councilors that have been elected and may be reelected by the public for a period of four years. With respect to the municipal code, article 9 of the constitution explains that this system is done in all municipalities in accordance to the stated law.
The mayors of Escuintla:
* 2016-2020: Abrahám Rivera Estévez
Sports
Juventud Escuintleca football club play their home games at the Estadio Ricardo Muñoz Gálvez. Most recently they have again been playing in the second tier of Guatemalan football.
Climate
Escuintla has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen: Am). | WIKI |
La Contemplation du mystère
La Contemplation du mystère is a Canadian drama film, directed by Albéric Aurtenèche and released in 2021. The film stars Emmanuel Schwartz as Éloi, a man who is returning to his small hometown in Quebec to partake in a group ritual commemorating his father's death in a hunting accident a year earlier, only to end up using psychedelic drugs such as DMT and ayahuasca in his quest to understand the event's meaning in his life.
The film's cast also includes Gilles Renaud, Martin Dubreuil, François Papineau and Sarah-Jeanne Labrosse.
Production on the film started in October 2019. The film was originally slated to premiere at the 2020 Festival du nouveau cinéma, but was withdrawn at that time and instead premiered at the 2021 festival on October 15, 2021. It opened commercially on October 22.
The film was a nominee for the DGC Discovery Award at the 2020 Directors Guild of Canada awards. | WIKI |
Google Connector - existing Google user accounts
Just setup the G-Suite connector for a client that has a number of user accounts already. The first test user created in UCS sync’d to Google worked just dandy.
None of the existing users were pulled in. I presume this is by design as the goal here is to keep all accounts local to UCS.
This will mean pulling all account info out of G-Suite and importing into UCS. What is that process and best practice when dealing with passwords (I’m presuming there is no mechanism to securely pull passcodes from G-Suite)?
Yes, and because it’s designed as a one-way-sync. No change in google users will be copied to UCS, only from UCS to gsuite.
The only way is to create UCS users and connect them to the existing Google users.
The data (firstname, lastname, email etc) will have to be copied manually - sorry.
I think - and sincerely hope - it’s impossible to extract passwords from Google users. They should keep only hashes, like UCS does. That’s why it’s also impossible to sync passwords from UCS to Google (regardless whether desirable or not).
To “connect” existing Google users to UCS users, you’ll have to retrieve two attributes from the Google user and write its value into the UCS users LDAP object (they can be retrieved from Google using GAM and set in UCS using UDM):
• Google users id attribute goes into the UCS users univentionGoogleAppsObjectID LDAP attribute.
• Google users primaryEmail attribute has to be written into the UCS users univentionGoogleAppsPrimaryEmail LDAP attribute.
After doing that and then enabling the gapps support for the user, any change to a mapped attribute of the UCS users object… like the firstname, will trigger a synchronization. You can observe those in the log file /var/log/univention/listener.log.
Greetings
Daniel
I did expect this response, so no need to apologize! I was hoping to learn there was something more than relying on my not-so-reliable (read 'non-existent) ldif/bash skills to pull in a CSV generated list of users + attributes.
Is there a script or tool already available in the UCS suite to handle an import of users?
Not really. If you’re OK with Python or Bash, you can use UDM to create them… there is a thread on how to do this: Bulk add / import / enroll users
1 Like
Nice.
Though this flag popped up in the thread: here, where Gohmann is recommending the S4 connector service be stopped prior to running any scripts for import. It appears the OP was interested in maintaining G\UIDs consistent with SAMBA G\UIDs.
Other than people suffering from an Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, I’m having a hard time understanding why it should matter.
What say you?
The reason why I wanted to keep UIDs was because of the permissions set from the previous OS before converting to UCS and it is not OCD related, please don’t make such flippant remarks. It was a great hassle to have to fix a few thousand mac home folders because of the UID change. Certain folders in Mac OS homes don’t like being tampered with and keeping things “the same” would have been easiest but it didn’t work out that way.
Please don’t be offended. It is meant purely as a tongue-in-cheek comment.
I was serious in wanting to know the motivation behind it specifically to understand what problem you needed to solve in order to avoid what you had to live through with that transition. I have a handful of clients who run Macs (it’s my primary machine too) but not in the thousands of machines as you.
I do appreciate your response.
AFAIR this also works without these attributes cause of mailPrimaryAddress. Except that the password will be overwritten on first sync.
OMG yes - I forgot to mention that!
That might be a blocker for you. The app assumes you will use SAML to log into Gapps.
The advantage of SAML is, that your users passwords will not be known to Google, because they will only authenticate to UCS, and Google will trust you UCS to check their logins.
A possible disadvantage may be, that your master or backup will have to be exposed to the internet, if your users should use the UCS-login when out of office. There are safe solutions for that, but you should be aware of that requirement.
You should definitively test the migration/user-connection part with a test user, before applying it to a production user.
1 Like
I don’t know about the GUID problem. In UCS@school we do something similar (stopping the notifier) to a) improve performance and b) to reduce the situations in which deletions and modification in very quick succession raise the probability of hitting a (in theory non-existent :wink: ) bug in a connector.
:astonished: what bugs? Say it ain’t so!
All software has bugs. There is not a single one without. Of course I could do some marketing talk about that in UCS are non, but that’d be just that: marketing talk.
That’s why I wrote: raise the probability
In the past there has been a bug, when in very quick succession users were created, modified and deleted (aka import). AFAIK it has been fixed, but the the probability is IMHO still higher to hit another bug in such scenarios, than in others.
As there is a simple way to avoid them, it is recommended to use it :slight_smile:
Okay, I’ll stop being snarky!
I activated the connector for three users (already in USC) to start testing.
An interesting issue arose for one of the users (who is also an Administrator in G-Suite) where the redirect to ucs-sso URL was completely bypassed and he landed on https://accounts.google.com. Google recognized a change to the user account password, however, I was unable to get the ucs-sso page to display without manually entering the URL. Once on the ucs-sso, authentication failed for the user.
Ultimately, I had the user update his password directly in the G-Suite login page to match the password on the UCS account - then authenticate through the G-Suite portal to gain access to those resources.
Is this expected behavior for admin users or is there more digging I need to do for this particular user?
Admin users are treated differently in a few other aspects as well. They will for example not be redirected to a change password URL, while normal users are sent there, when they should change their password etc…
image
Found the following option in 4.4. Is it possible to sync/write the passwords to google now?
Thx a lot,
best,
meg | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:George Archdall Reid 1896 The present evolution of man.djvu/246
234 and telluric influences, and may prevail anywhere. Of these diseases only syphilis need concern us, since it alone is sufficiently prevalent to be a cause of evolution.
The second class includes those diseases of which the pathogenic micro-organisms are entirely parasitic, but are capable of maintaining existence for a limited time, as resting spores or otherwise outside the living tissues. Tuberculosis and the acute exanthemata are examples. Normally they are always earth, air, or waterborne, though they may be communicated by actual contact,—e.g. by a kiss,—and therefore, since their microbes are incapable of maintaining existence for an unlimited time outside the living tissues, it follows that they are essentially diseases of crowded populations. In sparsely inhabited countries they must tend to die out under normal circumstances from failure of their food supply, and even when the infection is periodically renewed from outside, the inhabitants of such territories must enjoy a greater freedom from infection than the inhabitants of more populous lands where these diseases are endemic. This freedom from infection, other things equal, will be greatest when the country is inhabited by barbarous tribes hostile to one another, as in Australia at the present day, or in North America during the past, for this mutual hostility gives rise to what is practically a very strict system of quarantine. A very important point to be noted in connection with disorders of this class is that, since the microbes, before they can infect a fresh host, normally must exist for a time outside the body, such diseases cannot be prevalent unless the external environment present conditions favourable to the existence of the microbes as well as for their conveyance to other hosts, conditions which are not always satisfied even in populous countries. For instance, as regards tuberculosis, the conditions favourable to its prevalence are | WIKI |
Page:History of West Australia.djvu/103
Rh In the early spring the crops showed well above ground, and after a few weeks of congenial weather made quite a phenomenal growth. Those who had planted wisely and well, were delighted to observe waving cornfields of five or more feet in height. Taking the farms as a whole they looked remarkably flourishing in November, and when the brighter sun began to ripen the grain, it was seen that the hopes of farmers had not been misplaced. The long, plump heads bent with their own weight, and at harvest-time some fields returned as high as 40 bushels per acre, but the average yield was not half that number. The crop of hay was also large, and brought about the same rate of prices as ruled in the previous year. New season's wheat was sold to bakers and others at about £1 per bushel. A rush was made for the article, and then for some time no famine was possible so far as flour was concerned. But those who had tilled only small patches were still compelled to purchase at high prices.
Taken substantially, the wants of stock and well-plied labour were the most important obstacles to progression. The troubles between masters and their servants in no way diminished in 1832. The feeling between them remained as bitter as before, and employers were often moved to great anger by what they conceived to be the careless, improvident, and lazy habits of the employed. While they were paying much higher wages than ruled in Great Britain, they secured far smaller results from their labourers. Moreover, the expense of providing for them was much greater, and they could not brook what they termed "their drunken, impudent demeanour." The indentured servants, so one writer says, became the masters, for when they asked for any articles provided for in the regulations, they persisted in their request though it were not just, until they were satisfied. Failing the master's acquiescence, they laid their complaint before a magistrate. While these quarrels were proceeding, work was at a standstill, and to prevent such an unfortunate circumstance, masters repeatedly gave way to the unjust claims of their servants. Towards the end of 1832, there were numbers of servants out of employment, but they asked for as high wages as before. In a judicial sense masters were too apt to blame servants for their own non-success, instead of owning to personal inability. What was required was an independent, well-chosen class of labourers, and a spirit of self-help dominating master and man.
To obtain more stock for labouring purposes, and sheep and cattle to stock their pastoral stretches, settlers proposed to Captain Stirling in March that the Local Government should import the animals, pledging a guarantee against loss. The Lieutenant-Governor was favourably inclined to meet the request; indeed, was as convinced of its necessity as they were. Insufficient funds prevented his taking any steps. He repeatedly mentioned in despatches to the Home Government the necessity existing for Imperial assistance, but in accordance with their original intentions the authorities did not heed his representations. The Legislative Council of Western Australia held its first sittings in January and, with the question of providing efficient protection for settlers against the depredations of the natives, this onerous requirement of the colony was among councillors' pioneer debates. They did not come to any definite decision until some months later. A meeting of settlers was held on 2nd July, when much discussion took place concerning proposals made for their relief. Finally it was agreed to request the Lieutenant-Governor to proceed to England and viva voce lay the conditions of the colony before the Imperial Government, and advocate its general needs. His Excellency was well enough pleased with the wisdom of their proposal, and after consulting his Executive Council decided to accede. The memorial drafted in 1831 was augmented from the wider experience of 1832, and after being signed by settlers was placed in the hands of Captain Stirling. In the second week of August the ambassador set out on his important mission, and all were satisfied that he would do his utmost for the colony which had been his peculiar charge and sincere interest since its inauguration. He proceeded to England in H.M.S. Sulphur. Captain Irwin was sworn in as Lieutenant-Governor.
The prices paid for stock in 1832, although not so high as some quoted in other years, were altogether out of proportion to those existing in neighbouring settlements. In the first half of the year bullocks were sold at £25 each and sheep at 33s. In the latter half figures were published which showed the disproportion between prices at the Cape of Good Hope and the Swan River. At the Cape goats were 10s. each, and Perth £3 to £5; mares, £6 to £7 at the former, and £50 to £70 at the latter. The flocks of settlers had not been materially increased, The most notable of them was perhaps that of Mr. Trimmer, who ran 500 sheep over the hills.
In July the system of land grants was finally abolished, and the new regulations came into force. Settlers were not altogether pleased at five shillings an acre being placed as the minimum charge. They considered that to an infant colony such a price was too great and heavy a burden. Without extraneous assistance they thought that the colony had made comparatively good progress. In 1832 the fee simple of several grants was confirmed where the necessary expenditure as provided by the original regulations was carried out. The effects of the new system were not immediately apparent, although political economists afterwards unadvisedly announced that the evils encompassing the colony slowly diminished from that day. Altogether 1,349,209 acres of Western Australian land were alienated under the Land Grant system. Some impoverished settlers were already compelled to sell their grants while others who had selected for speculative purposes also cleared theirs. In this way new arrivals were able to obtain properties which they considered suitable to their enterprise. A regulation proposed by Lord Glenelg was established in the new system which was designed to favourably assist those who had taken up land under the Grant system. These settlers were permitted to surrender so much of their land as they considered unprofitable to them, and when purchasing more suitable Crown lands a remission was allowed on the price to the extent of one shilling and sixpence for every acre surrendered.
The alteration of the system under which Crown lands were alienated and the continued, untrue and injurious reports levelled against Western Australia were probably answerable for the falling-off in the number of arrivals in 1832. The influx of people now ended. One writer states that only thirteen ships arrived during the year, carrying but fourteen passengers and cargo to the value of £23,481. Although untoward rumours were circulated with as much vigour as before they did not deter certain people from leaving Tasmania and New South Wales to take up land in Western Australia. Those who had visited the colony on the way to the other settlements often returned preferring to stake their capital on the potentialities of local soils to those of elsewhere. But the same could be said in favour of the other colonies, for dissatisfied people continued to leave Western Australia greatly disappointed with their local experiences. Governor Stirling was compelled to use his utmost influence to interest some experienced farmers to remain in the colony, and to those whose experience and enterprise were worth having he even gave up portions of his own grants to induce them to stay. One or two men whose families are now well-known throughout the colony were thus influenced by | WIKI |
So Long Sucker
So Long Sucker is a board game invented in 1950 by Mel Hausner, John Nash, Lloyd Shapley, and Martin Shubik. It is a four-person bargaining/economic strategy game. Each player begins the game with seven chips, and in the course of play, attempts to acquire all the other players' chips. This requires making agreements with the other players, which are ultimately unenforceable. To win, players must eventually go back on such agreements. The game takes approximately 60 minutes to play.
Rules
The rules are as follows:
* 1) Starting a game:
* 2) Four players are required.
* 3) Each player takes seven chips of one color (so that each player has their own distinct color), and all chips must remain visible at all times.
* 4) One player is randomly selected as the first player to move.
* 5) Playing the game:
* 6) If a player has a chip that is not their color, it is referred to as their prisoner.
* 7) Players move by playing one of their chips of any color (due to capturing prisoners) onto the playing area, starting a new pile, or on top of any existing chip(s) in the playing area.
* 8) There are three possible outcomes:
* 9) If the top two chips are the same color, they are captured. The player of the color corresponding to the color the capture was made with removes one of the chips from the game and takes the remaining chips, then they take the next move.
* 10) If a color is missing from the pile, the player selects the next person to move, as long as that player does not have a color in the pile.
* 11) If all four colors are in the pile, the player who's top chip is furthest down in the stack is the next player to move.
* 12) If a player is unable to move, they become defeated and are unable to move for the remainder of the game. The move returns to the player who gave the defeated player the move. If this should also defeat that player in turn, whoever gave that player the move will get the next turn, etc.
* 13) Prisoners may be transferred or removed from the game at any time, including immediately before a player is defeated, potentially allowing them to move, and stopping them from being defeated.
* 14) Deals may be made, but all deals are public and nonbinding.
* 15) A defeated player's chips remain in play, but are ignored when determining order of play. In the case where a capture is made with the defeated player's color, as the defeated player is definitionally unable to move, play rebounds to the player who made the capture.
* 16) Winning the game:
* 17) The winner is the last surviving player (after the others have been defeated).
* 18) A player can win even if they hold no chips and all of their chips have been killed.
* 19) Strategy:
* 20) Coalitions, or agreements to cooperate, are permitted, and may take any form.
* 21) There is no penalty for failure to live up to an agreement.
* 22) Players are freely allowed to confer only at the table during the game–no secret or prior agreements are allowed.
Alternative name
Nash's original name for the game was Fuck You, Buddy. The first episode of Adam Curtis's documentary The Trap, which looks at Nash's work, is titled "F**K You, Buddy". | WIKI |
$\require{mediawiki-texvc}$
• 검색어에 아래의 연산자를 사용하시면 더 정확한 검색결과를 얻을 수 있습니다.
• 검색연산자
검색연산자 기능 검색시 예
() 우선순위가 가장 높은 연산자 예1) (나노 (기계 | machine))
공백 두 개의 검색어(식)을 모두 포함하고 있는 문서 검색 예1) (나노 기계)
예2) 나노 장영실
| 두 개의 검색어(식) 중 하나 이상 포함하고 있는 문서 검색 예1) (줄기세포 | 면역)
예2) 줄기세포 | 장영실
! NOT 이후에 있는 검색어가 포함된 문서는 제외 예1) (황금 !백금)
예2) !image
* 검색어의 *란에 0개 이상의 임의의 문자가 포함된 문서 검색 예) semi*
"" 따옴표 내의 구문과 완전히 일치하는 문서만 검색 예) "Transform and Quantization"
특허 상세정보
Convertible pickup side rail apparatus
국가/구분 United States(US) Patent 등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판) B60R-009/06
미국특허분류(USC) 296/3 ; 296/10 ; 296/41 ; 224/403
출원번호 US-0133553 (1993-10-06)
발명자 / 주소
출원인 / 주소
인용정보 피인용 횟수 : 31 인용 특허 : 0
초록
A pickup truck side rail apparatus includes paired front and rear rail members which are pivotally mountable to opposed sidewalls along a truck bed. The rail members are stored in lowered positions in which they extend longitudinally above and parallel to the sidewalls. They are vertically spaced from the sidewalls to form longitudinal side rails above and along the sidewalls. The rail members are pivotal to upright positions. In their upright positions, the rail members extend vertically from the front and rear ends of the opposed sidewalls. A pair of o...
대표
청구항
A foldable rail apparatus for mounting to a pickup truck bed bounded by sidewalls having longitudinally extending upper surfaces, comprising: a set of three discrete front, intermediate, and rear mounting brackets each having a bottom surface for securing the mounting bracket to the upper surface of a pickup truck sidewall with the respective mounting brackets in longitudinally, aligned and spaced positions; a pair of front and rear rail members movably supported on the set of mounting brackets, each rail member having an inner end and an outer end; the ...
이 특허를 인용한 특허 피인용횟수: 31
1. Ichtchenko, Igor. Adaptable cargo rack system. USP2017079708014.
2. Gier, Heath. Automotive cargo carrying systems. USP2014088814015.
3. Zuniga,Francisco. Cargo securing device. USP2007077241093.
4. Collins,Ben K.. Cargo support for truck. USP2009027494169.
5. Morrison, Robert P.. Collapsible cargo organizer. USP2005126979037.
6. Morrison,Robert P.. Collapsible cargo organizer. USP2006097104582.
7. Marino, James F. X.. Collapsible cargo rack. USP20181110131287.
8. Stepanians, Goorgen. Collapsible truck rack and method of use. USP2010017641251.
9. Esplin Ian William. Deployable cargo rack for pickup truck. USP2001036196602.
10. Mistler, Michael F.. Dump rack. USP2004016676220.
11. George W Burger. Easily removable pickup truck bed rack. USP2002026347731.
12. Brauer,Blackford; Saigal,Atul; O'Dierno,Tony; McReynolds,Wes. Headache rack for pickup trucks. USP2006016983968.
13. Dorman John R.. Knockdown truck rack apparatus and method. USP1998115836635.
14. Bareket, Asaf. Loading arc for pickup truck. USP2003126655722.
15. Gerhardt, Torsten; Harding, John K.; Fleming, Steve David; Stanesby, Danny Edward; Agius, Alicia; Farrelly, Will. Roof bar for a motor vehicle. USP2015038978946.
16. Gerhardt, Torsten; Harding, John K.; Fleming, Steve David; Stanesby, Danny Edward; Agius, Alicia; Farrelly, Will; Wright, Ian Sutherland. Roof bar for a motor vehicle. USP2012018100306.
17. Anderson,Peter Christian; Liss,Christopher Timothy. Side access truck rack and system. USP2006107128355.
18. Scott, Michael Gregory; Cianni, David. Stowable utility rack. USP2016119487152.
19. Lane, David A. M.. Telescoping, multifunction tailgate extender. USP2004036698810.
20. Okland Merlyn C. (Story City IA). Tie down device. USP1997045618140.
21. Harris Hugh ; Speth Steve J.. Truck bed brackets. USP2001016170896.
22. Burger George. Truck bed rack. USP200101D436915.
23. Marquez,Juan. Truck bed rail. USP200707D546756.
24. Kraeuter, Charles; Golenz, Doug; Sautter, Chris; Stephens, William. Truck crossbar attachment. USP2016029248784.
25. Gionta Mark S.. Truck mounted work station. USP1998115829812.
26. Sabo,Zeljko. Truck rack apparatus. USP2007117296836.
27. Krause, Blane Alan. Under vehicle cargo rack and securing mechanism. USP2016099434289.
28. Mather,Carl; Teasdale,Todd R; Shamon,Samer; Hughes,William E; Griffin,Daniel T; Dawkins,David E; Thomas,Richmond P. Utility rack arrangement for a vehicle. USP2007027178848.
29. Burke Malcolm Robert,AUX ITX 4022. Vehicle racking system. USP2001026186571.
30. Armstrong, Tommy M.. Vehicle utility rack system providing elevated hauling and working stations. USP2003026517134.
31. Cobb, Karl Joseph. Welded chain truck rail. USP201609D765578. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Montessori on the iPad
The result was delete. -- Cirt (talk) 07:04, 25 January 2011 (UTC)
Montessori on the iPad
* – ( View AfD View log )
I will be happy to see reliable sources establishing the notability of this topic, but the article doesn't provide them. A Google News search generates hits for the combination of the words "Montessori on the iPad", but I found nothing there that's reliable and discusses the topic--if it actually is a topic. I also looked for the individual applications and found nothing that suggests they are notable. In all, I believe this to be an invented topic, with elements that are individually not notable, and mostly an effort (made in good faith, no doubt) to promote a number of applications and the brand name they carry. Drmies (talk) 05:36, 18 January 2011 (UTC)
* Delete Original synthesis to put these together. Also, creator of article seems to work for Rantek, the developer of 3 of the 6 discussed apps (he/she states "I am one of the developers of this application" on a page discussing another Rantek app -- a page she also created) []. So I'm seeing a clear WP:COI violation here. Wickedjacob (talk) 07:18, 18 January 2011 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Software-related deletion discussions. -- • Gene93k (talk) 16:53, 18 January 2011 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Education-related deletion discussions. -- • Gene93k (talk) 16:53, 18 January 2011 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Paid Notice: Deaths JACOBSON, MADELEINE (MADGE), G.
JACOBSON-Madeleine (Madge), G. Of Chevy Chase, MD, formerly of Larchmont, died on August 21, 2001 at Suburban Hospital in Bethesda, MD at the age of 97. Mrs. Jacobson was born in Philadelphia on May 29, 1904 to Milton and Sophie Goldsmith. She grew up in New York City and graduated from Teachers College, Columbia University. She worked as a dietitian for many years. She married Charles A. Jacobson, Jr. an alumnus of Harvard College. She and her husband moved to Larchmont after World War II and she lived in Larchmont until 1994 when she moved to Maryland to be near her daughter and family. While living in Larchmont she was actively involved with a number of organizations including The Westchester Ethical Society, League of Women Voters, United Nations Association and PTA. She and her husband always welcomed friends, relatives and sometimes foreign students into their home for as long as they wanted to stay. She will be remembered for her hospitality and as someone who was always helping people and working for organizations that tried to make the community and/or the world a better place. She is survived by her daughter Susan (Sue) Jacobson Pardo and two grandchildren David and Rebecca. Her husband Charles Jacobson pre-deceased her. There will be a memorial service at the Washington Ethical Society, 7750 16th Street, NW, Washington, D.C. on Saturday, October 6 at 11:30 AM. In lieu of flowers, donations can be sent to Make-AWish Foundation Gift Center, P.O. Box 29119, Phoenix, AZ 85038 or The Ethical Culture Society of Westchester, 7 Saxon Wood Road, White Plains, NY, 10605. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
GLOBAL MARKETS-Shares extend losses as China sows confusion
* Asia stocks off to rough start after dismal week for Wall St * China baffles by guiding yuan higher, shares fall 3 pct * Wild swings in thin markets see South African rand tumble * Oil still on the slide, bonds and yen get safe-haven support By Wayne Cole SYDNEY, Jan 11 (Reuters) - Asian shares sank to their lowest in over four years on Monday as doubts mounted about Beijing’s ability to manage the world’s second-biggest economy. The absence of Tokyo for a holiday only made liquidity even harder to come by, heightening volatility. Currency markets saw some wild swings with the South African rand collapsing to record lows at one point before bouncing. MSCI’s broadest index of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan slid 1.8 percent to its lowest since late 2011. China’s main indexes slumped more than 3 percent at one point, Australia 1.25 percent and the Philippines dropped 3.8 percent. Financial spreadbetters IG predicted opening losses of 0.5 percent for the FTSE 100, 1.5 percent for the DAX and 1.2 percent for France’s CAC. E-mini futures for the U.S. S&P 500 fared better, turning flat after an early loss of 0.8 percent. Commodities were again on the ropes as Brent crude oil shed 79 cents to $32.76 a barrel, while U.S. crude was 69 cents lighter at $32.47. China was again the epicentre of unease as the People’s Bank confounded analysts by guiding the yuan’s midpoint rate sharply stronger, a move that might calm concerns about a competitive devaluation but only added to market confusion as to Beijing’s ultimate intent on its currency policy. The move was an apparent reversal of the midpoint’s recent weakening trend which included the biggest one-day drop in the guidance rate in five months on Jan. 7. “Authorities are reluctant to let market forces rule, which along with their indecisiveness and lack of transparency is exacerbating uncertainty,” said Tapas Strickland, an economist at National Australia Bank. “Understandably, amidst this global markets are selling Chinese policymaker’s ability to control their economy.” That only heightened tensions ahead of China trade data on Wednesday where declines are expected in exports and imports, underlining just how anaemic world trade flows are right now. Both the Dow and the S&P 500 had their worst five-day starts in history last week, and the corporate news flow is unlikely to get any cheerier with the coming results season expected to be a tough one. S&P 500 earnings are forecast to have dropped 4.2 percent in the fourth quarter, a second straight quarterly decline led by the hard-hit energy and materials sectors. The pain in stocks and worries over China even outweighed the positive impact of December’s upbeat U.S. payrolls report and burnished the appeal of higher-rated government bonds. Yields on 3-, 7-, and 10-year U.S. Treasuries all had their biggest weekly declines since early October last year, while five-year yields dropped by the most since Sept. 2013. The gains continued on Monday with U.S. 10-year Treasury futures up 3 ticks, while Fed fund futures <0#FF:> were pricing in a slightly shallower upward path for rates. In currency markets, the main early news was the yen which is often favoured in times of stress as Japan remains the world’s largest creditor nation. The dollar initially fell half a yen to a near five-five month low of 116.70 yen, before steadying around 117.22. Dealers said Japanese investors seemed to be bailing out of long positions in the South African rand by selling rand for dollars and then those dollars for yen. That saw the dollar surge as much as 10.3 percent at one stage to 17.9950 rand, before tracking back to 16.6780. That was still up from 16.3150 late on Friday. The euro started firmer but soon softened to $1.0917 while the dollar index was all but flat at 98.476. (Reporting by Wayne Cole; Editing by Eric Meijer & Kim Coghill) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
-- Latvian Parliament to Pass Budget Today, Latvijas Says
Latvia’s parliament will pass the
country’s 2013 budget with a deficit of 1.4 percent of gross
domestic product in a second and final reading today, Prime
Minister Valdis Dombrovskis said. “All the essential agreements in the coalition have been
reached” for the support in parliament, Dombrovskis said in an
interview with Latvijas Radio today. To contact the reporter on this story:
Aaron Eglitis in Riga at
aeglitis@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Balazs Penz at
bpenz@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Most discussions about sorting algorithms tend to end up discussing quicksort because of its speed. Formal computer science programs also tend to cover quicksort1 last because of its excellent average complexity of O(n log n) and relative performance improvement over other, less efficient sorting algorithms such as bubble sort and insertion sort for large data sets. Unlike other sorting algorithms, there are many different implementations of quicksort that lead to different performance characteristics and whether or not the sort is stable (with equivalent items remaining in the same order in which they naturally occurred).
Quicksort is a divide and conquer algorithm in the style of merge sort. The basic idea is to find a “pivot” item in the array to compare all other items against, then shift items such that all of the items before the pivot are less than the pivot value and all the items after the pivot are greater than the pivot value. After that, recursively perform the same operation on the items before and after the pivot. There are many different algorithms to achieve a quicksort and this post explores just one of them.
There are two basic operations in the algorithm, swapping items in place and partitioning a section of the array. The basic steps to partition an array are:
1. Find a “pivot” item in the array. This item is the basis for comparison for a single round.
2. Start a pointer (the left pointer) at the first item in the array.
3. Start a pointer (the right pointer) at the last item in the array.
4. While the value at the left pointer in the array is less than the pivot value, move the left pointer to the right (add 1). Continue until the value at the left pointer is greater than or equal to the pivot value.
5. While the value at the right pointer in the array is greater than the pivot value, move the right pointer to the left (subtract 1). Continue until the value at the right pointer is less than or equal to the pivot value.
6. If the left pointer is less than or equal to the right pointer, then swap the values at these locations in the array.
7. Move the left pointer to the right by one and the right pointer to the left by one.
8. If the left pointer and right pointer don’t meet, go to step 1.
As with many algorithms, it’s easier to understand partitioning by looking at an example. Suppose you have the following array:
var items = [4, 2, 6, 5, 3, 9];
There are many approaches to calculating the pivot value. Some algorithms select the first item as a pivot. That’s not the best selection because it gives worst-case performance on already sorted arrays. It’s better to select a pivot in the middle of the array, so consider 5 to be the pivot value (length of array divided by 2). Next, start the left pointer at position 0 in the right pointer at position 5 (last item in the array). Since 4 is less than 5, move the left pointer to position 1. Since 2 is less than 5, move the left pointer to position 2. Now 6 is not less than 5, so the left pointer stops moving and the right pointer value is compared to the pivot. Since 9 is greater than 5, the right pointer is moved to position 4. The value 3 is not greater than 5, so the right pointer stops. Since the left pointer is at position 2 and the right pointer is at position 4, the two haven’t met and the values 6 and 3 should be swapped.
Next, the left pointer is increased by one in the right pointer is decreased by one. This results in both pointers at the pivot value (5). That signals that the operation is complete. Now all items in the array to the left of the pivot are less than the pivot and all items to the right of the pivot are greater than the pivot. Keep in mind that this doesn’t mean the array is sorted right now, only that there are two sections of the array: the section where all values are less than the pivot and the section were all values are greater than the pivot. See the figure below.
Quicksort step-by-step
The implementation of a partition function relies on there being a swap() function, so here’s the code for that:
function swap(items, firstIndex, secondIndex){
var temp = items[firstIndex];
items[firstIndex] = items[secondIndex];
items[secondIndex] = temp;
}
The partition function itself is pretty straightforward and follows the algorithm almost exactly:
function partition(items, left, right) {
var pivot = items[Math.floor((right + left) / 2)],
i = left,
j = right;
while (i <= j) {
while (items[i] < pivot) {
i++;
}
while (items[j] > pivot) {
j--;
}
if (i <= j) {
swap(items, i, j);
i++;
j--;
}
}
return i;
}
This function accepts three arguments: items, which is the array of values to sort, left, which is the index to start the left pointer at, and right, which is the index to start the right pointer at. The pivot value is determined by adding together the left and right values and then dividing by 2. Since this value could potentially be a floating-point number, it’s necessary to perform some rounding. In this case, I chose to use the floor function, but you could just as well use the ceiling function or round function with some slightly different logic. The i variable is the left pointer and the j variable is the right pointer.
The entire algorithm is just a loop of loops. The outer loop determines when all of the items in the array range have been processed. The two inner loops control movement of the left and right pointers. When both of the inner loops complete, then the pointers are compared to determine if the swap is necessary. After the swap, both pointers are shifted so that the outer loop continues in the right spot. The function returns the value of the left pointer because this is used to determine where to start partitioning the next time. Keep in mind that the partitioning is happening in place, without creating any additional arrays.
The quicksort algorithm basically works by partitioning the entire array, and then recursively partitioning the left and right parts of the array until the entire array is sorted. The left and right parts of the array are determined by the index returns after each partition operation. That index effectively becomes the boundary between the left and right parts of the array. In the previous example, the array becomes [4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9] after one partition and the index returned is 4 (the last spot of the left pointer). After that, the left side of the overall array (items 0 through 3) is partitioned, as in the following figure.
Quicksort step-by-step
After this pass, the array becomes [3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9] and the index returned is 1. The heart rhythm continues like this until all of the left side of the array is sorted. Then the same processes followed on the right side of the array. The basic logarithm for quicksort then becomes very simple:
function quickSort(items, left, right) {
var index;
if (items.length > 1) {
index = partition(items, left, right);
if (left < index - 1) {
quickSort(items, left, index - 1);
}
if (index < right) {
quickSort(items, index, right);
}
}
return items;
}
// first call
var result = quickSort(items, 0, items.length - 1);
The quicksort() function accepts three arguments, the array to sort, the index where the left pointer should start, and the index where the right pointer should start. To optimize for performance, the array isn’t sorted if it has zero or one items. If there are two or more items in the array then it is partitioned. If left is less than the returned index minus 1 then there are still items on the left to be sorted and quickSort() is called recursively on those items. Likewise, if index is less than the right pointer then there are still items on the right to sort. Once all this is done, the array is returned as the result.
To make this function a little bit more user-friendly, you can automatically fill in the default values for left and right if not supplied, such as:
function quickSort(items, left, right) {
var index;
if (items.length > 1) {
left = typeof left != "number" ? 0 : left;
right = typeof right != "number" ? items.length - 1 : right;
index = partition(items, left, right);
if (left < index - 1) {
quickSort(items, left, index - 1);
}
if (index < right) {
quickSort(items, index, right);
}
}
return items;
}
// first call
var result = quickSort(items);
In this version of the function, there is no need to pass in initial values for left and right, as these are filled in automatically if not passed in. This makes the functional little more user-friendly than the pure implementation.
Quicksort is generally considered to be efficient and fast and so is used by V8 as the implementation for Array.prototype.sort() on arrays with more than 23 items. For less than 23 items, V8 uses insertion sort2. Merge sort is a competitor of quicksort as it is also efficient and fast but has the added benefit of being stable. This is why Mozilla and Safari use it for their implementation of Array.prototype.sort().
Update (30-November-2012): Fixed recursion error in the code and added a bit more explanation about the algorithm.
References
1. Quicksort (Wikipedia)
2. V8 Arrays Source Code (Google Code)
Disclaimer: Any viewpoints and opinions expressed in this article are those of Nicholas C. Zakas and do not, in any way, reflect those of my employer, my colleagues, Wrox Publishing, O'Reilly Publishing, or anyone else. I speak only for myself, not for them. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Building XmlLite Applications
For simplicity and clarity, the XmlLite samples are constructed as C++ Win32 console application projects in Microsoft Visual Studio 2005.
The procedure below outlines the steps to get ready to build an XmlLite example.
To create a new Win32 console application project:
1. Start Visual Studio 2005.
2. From the File menu, select New, and then select Project. The New Project dialog box will open. For Project types, select Visual C++ / Win32. For Templates, select Win32 Console Application. Then type the name of the project in the Name field. For the project Location field, either accept the default setting or choose another location (such as c:\examples\HowDoI). Click OK.
3. The Win32 Application Wizard will start. You do not have to change any options. Click Finish.
Next, set up the include directory for Visual Studio:
1. From the Tools menu, select Options.
2. In the Options dialog box, expand Projects and Solutions. Select VC++ Directories.
3. Select Include files in the Show directories for dropdown box.
4. Click the New Line button, and add a new line to the list of directories.
5. Browse to the directory that contains the XmlLite header file. For XmlLite, the directory is %sdxroot%/sdk/inc, where %sdxroot% is the root directory where you installed the SDK. If you do not know the directory where xmllite.h is installed, you can search for it under the Program Files directory.
6. Click OK.
Set up the lib directory for Visual Studio:
1. From the Tools menu, select Options.
2. In the Options dialog box, expand Projects and Solutions. Select VC++ Directories.
3. Select Library files in the Show directories for dropdown box.
4. Click the New Line button, and add a new line to the list of directories.
5. Browse to the directory that contains the XmlLite libraries. For XmlLite, the directory is %sdxroot%/sdk/lib, where %sdxroot% is the root directory where you installed the SDK. If you do not know the directory where xmllite.lib is installed, you can search for it under the Program Files directory.
6. Click OK.
The next step is to modify the project to link to the XmlLite library:
1. In the Solution Explorer, right click on the project and select Properties.
2. In the tree, expand Configuration Properties, and then expand Linker.
3. Under Linker, click on Input. Enter xmllite.lib for Additional Dependencies.
4. Click OK.
Now you are ready to add source and header files to the project. Each sample includes the necessary source and header files.
Show:
© 2015 Microsoft | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Sun-7 Chesterfield Series
content
What is the difference between this series and the Better Brakes AMSCAR Series? Is the latter just the former renamed? --Falcadore (talk) 03:21, 14 August 2015 (UTC)
* Did you ever work out an answer to this - having discovered this page recently I am wondering the same thing as to why this isn't combined with AMSCAR.SchueyFan (talk) 09:48, 28 March 2019 (UTC)
* It hasn't been a priority. --Falcadore (talk) 09:38, 26 April 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
What You Should Know About Low Cholesterol
The recommended safe level of low cholesterol for a person is evaluated with information about the level of low density lipoprotein as compared to the total cholesterol level, which includes the levels for low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein. A low cholesterol level is usually less than 200 milligrams per deciliter for an adult. The high density lipoprotein is reported as being capable of removing the low density lipoprotein from blood.
Problems from Low Density Lipoprotein
A person can prevent some health problems with a diet for controlling the level of low density lipoprotein. The low density lipoprotein is reported to cause plaque to form on the inside wall of a blood vessel, such as a vein. There is low density lipoprotein in many foods that have saturated fats, such as cheese, ground beef and pork sausage.
Total Cholesterol Levels
Some health problems are associated with high cholesterol levels, such as a stroke and high blood pressure. The problems are usually caused by high levels of low density lipoprotein and other factors. The trans fats from foods, such as biscuits, and triglycerides from starchy foods, such as corn and sweet peas, can also cause high blood pressure. High density lipoprotein can form a chemical bond with low density lipoprotein and can remove low density lipoprotein from blood and can carry low density lipoprotein to the liver for excretion out of the body.
Foods for Lowering the Level of Low Density Lipoprotein
There is high density lipoprotein in some foods that have unsaturated fats, such as olive oil, nuts, peanut butter and avocados. Some foods that are high in fiber, such as kidney beans, rice and apples, or that have omega-3 fatty acids, such as mackerel, salmon and sardines, are also beneficial for lowering the level of low density lipoprotein.
Recommendations for Low Cholesterol Levels
A high cholesterol level is 240 milligrams or more per deciliter for an adult. A person should recognize a problem if the total cholesterol level is 200 – 240 milligrams per deciliter. The levels for low density lipoprotein should be controlled because there must be enough fiber, high density lipoprotein and omega-3 fatty acids in a diet to safely control problems from low density lipoprotein.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
William Shakespeare was one of the most influential playwrights of his time. He was born in 1564 on April 23 in Stratford-upon-Avon. Being the son of a prominent businessman, he attended the local grammar school where he learned the basics of reading and writing. Shakespeare loved reading. He soon learned how to translate several languages so that he could read other author’s books, among these were Latin and Roman style books. He married his, 8 year older, wife, Anne Hathaway, on November 28 of 1582. (Laurie 5).
She soon gave birth to his daughter, Susanna, only 6 months after their beloved marriage. A short two years later, Anne gave birth to two more children, twins, Hamlet and Judith. After this, however, the history of our famous, soon to become, playwright comes to a screeching halt until 1592. (Laurie 6). He turns up in London after being chased out of his home town in 1592. From there he gained a reputation of stealing other playwright’s techniques of writing from a jealous man Robert Greene, confirmed that Shakespeare had become quite popular in London.
From here we see his exploits become greater and greater. (Laurie 7). Shakespeare wrote in a way that all men could enjoy his works of art, from kings to peasants. His distinct writing style made his plays more enjoyable for all. He was able to write many different types of stories. For instance, he wrote not only dramas, but comedies, tragedies, histories, adventures, and love stories, too. (Mabillard). He told stories that were relevant to his time period and because of this, authors have been able to recreate the exciting plots, but in a way that would parallel to their time. Some of the greatest movies, books, and even other plays could somehow be linked to a Shakespearean piece. He was known as a “Johannes fac totem” or Jack-of-all-trades. (Laurie 7)
Shakespeare’s ability to create characters is unmatched, because he brought each character to life on stage to create a reality like never been seen before by any scholars of his time. Distinction between the protagonist, or the “good-guy”, and the antagonist, the “bad guy”, made his plays that much more realistic. (Mabillard). Bradbury used Shakespeare in his piece to contradict what Captain Beatty was saying at the time.
Shakespeare changed the face of literature. He pushed the English language to what it is today with an abundance of clichés and complex words. Shakespeare advocated the progress of knowledge, whereas Beatty and the rest of Montag’s society would of rather seen it stop just so they wouldn’t have to sacrifice their “comfort”. Shakespeare once said, “And seeing ignorance is the curse of God, Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven...” This is an excerpt from Shakespeare’s famous play King Henry VI, states that knowledge is an escape. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 108 Part 3.djvu/584
108 STAT. 2336 PUBLIC LAW 103-327—SEPT. 28, 1994 Deficit Control Act of 1985: Provided further, That the entire amount, including transfers, shall be available only to the extent of an official budget request, for a specific dollar amount, that includes designation of the entire amount of the request as an emergency requirement, as defined in the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, is transmitted to the Congress. INDEPENDENT AGENCY FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY DISASTER ASSISTANCE DIRECT LOAN PROGRAM ACCOUNT For an additional amount for "Disaster assistance direct loan program account" for the cost of direct loans, $12,500,000, as authorized by section 417 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act to be used to assist local governments in recovering from flooding and damage caused by Tropical Storm Alberto and other disasters: Provided, That such costs, including the cost of modifying such loans, shall be as defined in section 502 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974: Provided further. That these funds are available to subsidize gross obligations for the principal amount of direct loans not to exceed $50,000,000 under section 417 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act: Provided further. That any unused portion of the direct loan limitation and subsidy shall be available until expended: Provided further. That the entire amount is designated by the Congress as an emergency requirement pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(D)(i) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985: Provided further. That the entire amount shall be available only to the extent of an official budget request, for a specific dollar amount, that includes designation of the entire amount of the request as an emergency requirement, as defined in the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, is transmitted to the Congress. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS EMERGENCY RELIEF PROGRAM (HIGHWAY TRUST FUND) The matter under the heading in the Emergency Supplemental Ante, p.9. Appropriations Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-211) is amended by deleting "$950,000,000" and inserting in lieu thereof "$775,000,000".
� | WIKI |
diff mbox
[04/25] drm/vmwgfx: remove ->firstopen callback
Message ID 1375969295-18929-5-git-send-email-daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch
State Accepted
Headers show
Commit Message
Daniel Vetter Aug. 8, 2013, 1:41 p.m. UTC
So if we survey kms drivers there's a bunch of things they commonly do
in ->lastclose
- delayed processing of vga switcheroo requests (i915, nouveau,
radeon)
- force-restoring the fbcon (most)
- resetting a bunch properties to make fbcon work better (omap)
- disabling all outputs (vmwgfx)
In short besides the semantically important vga switcheroo stuff they
all try very hard to keep fbcon working in case X dies.
But none of them try to not do this at driver unload time safe for
vmwgfx, and digging through logs I couldn't find any reason for why
vmwgfx is special.
Since ->firstopen has lots of potential for abuse with kms drivers
(like delaying driver setup to pamper over races in the load sequence)
it's imo very much worth it to remove this logic so that we can
stop using the ->firstopen callback for kms drivers.
Also module unloading is rather a debug feature and developers should
know how to restore the display to a sane configuration.
Cc: Jakob Bornecrantz <jakob@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
---
drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_drv.c | 18 ------------------
drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_drv.h | 1 -
2 files changed, 19 deletions(-)
diff mbox
Patch
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_drv.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_drv.c
index 5086150..cebd847 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_drv.c
@@ -795,29 +795,12 @@ static long vmw_unlocked_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
return drm_ioctl(filp, cmd, arg);
}
-static int vmw_firstopen(struct drm_device *dev)
-{
- struct vmw_private *dev_priv = vmw_priv(dev);
- dev_priv->is_opened = true;
-
- return 0;
-}
-
static void vmw_lastclose(struct drm_device *dev)
{
- struct vmw_private *dev_priv = vmw_priv(dev);
struct drm_crtc *crtc;
struct drm_mode_set set;
int ret;
- /**
- * Do nothing on the lastclose call from drm_unload.
- */
-
- if (!dev_priv->is_opened)
- return;
-
- dev_priv->is_opened = false;
set.x = 0;
set.y = 0;
set.fb = NULL;
@@ -1132,7 +1115,6 @@ static struct drm_driver driver = {
DRIVER_MODESET,
.load = vmw_driver_load,
.unload = vmw_driver_unload,
- .firstopen = vmw_firstopen,
.lastclose = vmw_lastclose,
.irq_preinstall = vmw_irq_preinstall,
.irq_postinstall = vmw_irq_postinstall,
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_drv.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_drv.h
index 13aeda7..150ec64 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_drv.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_drv.h
@@ -324,7 +324,6 @@ struct vmw_private {
*/
bool stealth;
- bool is_opened;
bool enable_fb;
/** | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Touelia/enes100
CoreControl CoreControl2 Attendance
* /Weekly Report/
* /Weekly report project 2/
* /Weekly Report Project 3/ | WIKI |
Rasmaadhoo (Raa Atoll)
Rasmaadhoo(Dhivehi: ރަސްމާދޫ) is one of the inhabited islands in Raa Atoll Maldives.
Geography
The island is 161.94 km north of the country's capital, Malé. The island is 775 m in length and 400 m in width, with an area of 22.7 ha.
Demography
It has a population of 825. Most of the islanders have migrated to the Capital City Male.
Governance
The president of the council is Mohamed Asif, who is elected as an Independent member. Other members of the island council include Muruthalo Rasheed (PPM) Abdhul Hameed Hassan (PPM) Aminath Firasha (MDP).
Economy
Most men of Rasmaadhoo are fishermen.
Culture and sport
Rasmaadhoo is famous for Boduberu and surfing. | WIKI |
User:Mspslgd/Jean-eric
Jean-Eric is a band based in New Orleans, LA.
The band consists of:
Frank Jones Karen Wallace Sheila Santamaria Randy Bemrose | WIKI |
Page:The Library, volume 5, series 3.djvu/217
MIRACLE CYCLES. 205 For a critical text, therefore, an editor, while adopting the recension of H, should take D as his basis, this being the oldest manuscript and that in which the linguistic forms are in general least corrupt. But it will serve as a basis only. He will need to collate it throughout with H. Where D and H differ he will consult B, or should B fail, then K or W. If B, or K W, supports H, he should replace the reading of D by that of H. If B, or K W, supports D, he will not be able to argue that D is correft, but he will know that there is a divergence between H and /3. In such a case, and in the absence of any independent authority such as P, he will have to rely upon internal evidence to determine which is the more likely to be the original reading. He will remember that the scribe of H has been convifted of editing his text, and that the mathematical probability is about two to one in favour of /3. W. W. GREG. | WIKI |
Caledonian Canal
Proper noun
* 1) A canal that connects the Scottish east coast at Inverness with the west coast at Corpach near Fort William in Scotland. | WIKI |
2012 Sacramento Mountain Lions season
The Sacramento Mountain Lions season was the fourth and final season for the United Football League franchise.
Offseason
In July, the Sacramento Mountain Lions were known to be considering a move to Raley Field, a baseball park in West Sacramento, California. The Mountain Lions, 2011's attendance leader, played their previous two seasons at Hornet Stadium in Sacramento. At a press conference at Raley Field on August 6, the move to West Sacramento was confirmed. Two games were played there before the league folded.
Dennis Green, who had coached the Mountain Lions since 2009, when they were the California Redwoods, did not return as head coach in 2012. On August 6, Turk Schonert was announced as the new head coach. | WIKI |
Page:Men-at-the-Bar.djvu/324
Lumb, James, M.A. Clare Coll., Camb., a member of the Northern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 17 Nov., 1877 (then aged 25), called to the bar 9 June, 1880 (3rd son of William Lumb, of Whitehaven, solicitor); born, 1852; married 15 May, 1878, Isabella, younger dau. of John Postlethwaite, Esq., of Whitehaven.
* 20, Essex Villas, Kensington, W.; 5, Crown Office Row, Temple, E.C.
Lumley, Edmund, B.A., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1862, a member of the Midland circuit, assistant counsel to education department 1874-7, reporter to Incorporated Council of Law Reporting, a student of the Middle Temple 17 Jan., 1862, called to the bar 26 Jan., 1865 (only son of William Golden Lumley, bar.-at-law); born,.
* 57, Upper Gloucester Place, N.W.; 3, Tanfield Court, Temple, E.C.
Lush, Alfred Herbert, M.A. Trin. Hall, Camb., senior law tripos 1875, examiner in law tripos Camb. Univ. 1884, a member of the Western circuit, a student of Gray's Inn 21 Jan., 1875, studentship Trin., 1876, called to the bar 26 Jan., 1878 (elder son of John Alfred Lush, M.D., of Fisherton House, Wilts, late M.P. Salisbury); born, 1854.
* 13, Redcliffe Square, S.W.; 1, Paper Buildings, Temple, E.C.
Lush, Charles Montague, B.A., 1st class classical tripos, law student Trin. Hall, Camb., 1876, a member of the Joint Board of Examiners Inns of Court 1880, a member of the North-eastern circuit, author of Law of Husband and Wife, a student of Gray's Inn 19 Oct., 1874, called to the bar 7 May, 1879 (4th son of late Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Lush, lord justice of appeal); born 7 Dec., 1853.
* 6, Nottingham Place, Marylebone, W.; 3, Elm Court, Temple, E.C.
Lushington, Franklin, police magistrate Thames police court since 1869, member of supreme council of justice Ionian Islands 1855-8, M.A., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1849, B.A. (senior classic, first chancellor's medallist) 1846, from Rugby, an examiner to Inns of Court 186-, a student of the Inner Temple 9 Nov., 1849 (then aged 26), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1853 (4th son of Edmond Henry Lushington, Esq., late one of the masters of the Crown Office and a master of the bench of the Inner Temple); born 4 Jan., 1823; married 21 Jan., 1862, Kate Maria, dau. of late Rev. James Morgan, vicar of Corston, Somerset (see Foster's Our Noble and Gentle Families).
* Templehurst, Southborough, Kent; 33, Norfolk Square, W.; Oxford and Cambridge Club.
Lushington, Godfrey, assistant under-secretary of state home department since 26 March, 1876, counsel to Home Office 30 Oct., 1869-76, secretary to Law Digest Commission 1867, author of Naval Prize Law, M.A. Balliol Coll., Oxon, (fellow) All Souls' Coll., Oxon, from Rugby, a student of the Inner Temple 18 April, 1849 (then aged 17), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1858 (5th son of Rt. Hon. Stephen Lushington, D.C.L., judge of consistory court and a master of the bench); born 8 March, 1832; married 3 June, 1865, Beatrice Anne Shore, dau. of Samuel Smith, Esq., of Embley, Romsey, Hants (see Foster's Baronetage).
* Stoke, Great Bedwin, Wilts; 16, Great Queen Street, Westminster, S.W.; Home Office, Whitehall, S.W.
Lushington, Sydney George, undergrad. Univ. Coll., Oxon, a student of the Inner Temple 12 Nov., 1880 (then aged 21), called to the bar 7 May, 1884 (2nd son of Edward Harbord Lushington, treasurer of Guy's Hospital, London); born 6 April, 1859 (see Foster's Baronetage).
* Brackenhurst, Cobham, Surrey.
Lushington, Vernon, Q.C., LL.B., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1859, S.C.L., judge of county courts (circuit No. 45) since 1877, deputy judge advocate-general 1865-9, permanent secretary to the admiralty 1869-77, an examiner to Inns of Court 186-, author of Reports of Cases Decided in Admiralty Court and on Appeal to the Privy Council, a student of the Inner Temple 15 March, 1852 (then aged 20), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1857, Q.C. 4 Dec., 1868, bencher 29 Jan., 1869 (4th son of Rt. Hon. Stephen Lushington, LL.D., judge of admiralty court and a master of the bench of the Inner Temple); born 8 March, 1832; married 28 Feb., 1865, Jane, 3rd dau. of Francis Mowatt, Esq., M.P.; she died 23 Jan., 1884, leaving issue (see Foster's Our Noble and Gentle Families).
* Pyports, Cobham, Surrey; 36, Kensington Square, W.
<section end="Lushington, Vernon" />
<section begin="Lushington, William Bryan" />Lushington, William Bryan, principal secretary to Lord Cranbrook 1865-6, a student of the Inner Temple 10 Oct., 1841 (then aged 17), called to the bar 17 Jan., 1852 (2nd son of Stephen Lushington, of London); born 23 July, 1824; married 21 Oct., 1873, Augusta Victoria, dau. of Robert Alfred Cloyne Godwin Austen, Esq., of Shalford, Surrey, and has a son (see Foster's Our Noble and Gentle Families).
* Okefield, Lyndhurst, Hants.
<section end="Lushington, William Bryan" />
<section begin="Lutwidge, Charles Robert Fletcher" />Lutwidge, Charles Robert Fletcher, M.A., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1862, J.P., D.L. Cumberland, J.P. Kent, a student of Lincoln's Inn 20 Nov., 1855 (then aged 20), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1861 (only son of Rev. Charles Henry Lutwidge, vicar of East Farleigh, Kent, dec.); born, 1835.
* Holm Rook Hall, Whitehaven; Calverley Park, Tunbridge Wells; United University Club, S.W.
<section end="Lutwidge, Charles Robert Fletcher" />
<section begin="Luxford, John Stewart Odiarne Robertson" />Luxford, John Stewart Odiarne Robertson, B.A. Christ Church, Oxon, goes the South-eastern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 6 May, 1876 (then aged 25), called to the bar 7 May, 1879 (eldest son of late John Odiarne Luxford, of Higham House, Sussex); born, 1851; married 9 June, 1880, Cecilia Helen, eldest dau. of James Walker, Esq., of Dalry, N.B., and has issue.
* Higham House, Hurst Green, Sussex; Hanley Lodge, Edinburgh; 27a, Lowndes Street, S.W,; 3, Harcourt Buildings, Temple, E.C.<section end="Luxford, John Stewart Odiarne Robertson" /> | WIKI |
Create a Folder to display a pre-defined galleries?
poggiwarepoggiware USAPosts: 2Registered Users Beginner grinner
How can I achieve to display a group of galleries following a pre-defined search criteria? The Galleries belong to different Folders and all have the same Meta Keyword 'TRAVELFRANCE'. I would like to automatically display it on a Folder without needing to type the search criteria. Can I create a Search Content and have it only display the result Galleries? I noticed that the Gallery Content does not allow to select Galleries by Meta Keyword. :-(
Comments
• AllenAllen "tweak 'til it squeaks" St. Louis, MoPosts: 9,524Registered Users Major grins
edited December 6, 2018
I think this can only be done manually.
In Organizer go to your homepage or a specific folder you want it in.
Create a new "Page". A "Page" is a generic blank "page" with no pre-defined content like a folder or gallery page would have.
Add a galleries box/widget on it.
Select "galleries I choose".
Pick galleries from anywhere on your site.
These will appear in the order of being picked so it might take some time to pick in the order you like.
Edit: You could forget about adding a new page and add this box to your homepage.
Al - Just a volunteer here having fun
My Website | My Blog
• poggiwarepoggiware USAPosts: 2Registered Users Beginner grinner
This process is OK if only for one time. In my case more galleries will be added in the future and it can become a task intensive process. Does smugmug have plans to enable meta keyword as selection criteria in the future?
Sign In or Register to comment. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Amperes to Kiloamperes (A to kA) Converter
A
kA
How to convert Ampere to Kiloampere
1 A = 0.001 kA
1 kA = 1000 A
Amperes To Kiloamperes Conversion Table
1 A 0.001 kA
2 A 0.002 kA
3 A 0.003 kA
4 A 0.004 kA
5 A 0.005 kA
6 A 0.006 kA
7 A 0.007 kA
8 A 0.008 kA
9 A 0.009 kA
10 A 0.01 kA
10 A 0.01 kA
50 A 0.05 kA
100 A 0.1 kA
1000 A 1 kA
1 Kiloampere equals
Kiloampere 0.001 kA
Milliampere 1000 mA | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Abubakar Malami
Abubakar Malami SAN (born 17 April 1967), is a Nigerian lawyer and politician who served as minister of Justice and Attorney General of the Federation from 2015 to 2023.
Background
Abubakar Malami, a Fulani Muslim, was born on 17 April 1967 in Birnin Kebbi, the capital of Kebbi State, Northern Nigeria. His early formal education began at Nassarawa Primary School, Birnin Kebbi before he completed his secondary school education at College of Arts and Arabic Studies. In 1991, he graduated from Usmanu Danfodiyo University where he studied Law and was called to the bar in 1992. He is an alumnus of the University of Maiduguri, where he obtained his master's degree in public administration in 1994. After graduating, he became a legal practitioner, serving in various capacities including being a state counsel and magistrate in Kebbi State, Nigeria.
Early political career
Malami was the National Legal Adviser of the defunct Congress for Progressive Change. He was actively involved in the formation of the All Progressives Congress (APC) in 2013 as the resource person to the Manifesto Drafting Sub-Committee of Inter Joint Party Merger Committees between the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) and the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP). In 2014, Abubakar contested for the governorship ticket of the All Progressives Congress in Kebbi State but stepped down during the party primaries in favour of Atiku Bugudu.
Attorney-General and Minister for Justice
On 11 November 2015, Abubakar was appointed as Minister for Justice and Attorney-General of the Federal Republic of Nigeria thus making him the youngest minister in Muhammadu Buhari's cabinet. On 21 August 2019, he was re-appointed as the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of the Federation by President Muhammadu Buhari on 21 August 2019.
Tenure
In December 2017, Malami announced that the Federal Government has reached an agreement with the United States and Jersey to repatriate over $300 million of Nigerian public funds that had been stolen and stored abroad by former military head of state Sani Abacha. The agreement was finally signed in February 2020 with Malami stating that the federal government intends on using the recovered funds to finance infrastructure, namely the Lagos–Ibadan Expressway, Abuja-Kano highway, and Second Niger Bridge.
In June 2020, Malami filed a petition to the Government to remove the Acting Chairman of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), Ibrahim Magu. In his petition, he stated that Ibrahim Magu should be sacked on several grounds raging from diversion of recovered loot to insubordination and misconduct. Magu disputed Malami's claims and challenged Malami to present evidence that Magu had diverted funds. Magu was suspended on 7 July 2020 and eventually replaced as EFCC Chairman.
Later in June 2020, Malami wrote to state governors to inform them that no stamp duties had been recovered from 2016 to 2020. He demanded that state ministries, departments, agencies, and other government institutions engage and grant access to recovery agents for the purpose of the audit and recovery of stamp duties "to ensure that all established liabilities are remitted as appropriate."
In October 2020, the office of the Attorney-General won a seven-year long legal battle with Interocean Oil over a contract dispute. The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes ruling in Nigeria's favour relieved the government of $1.5 billion in liability payments and also awarded Nigeria $660,000 in arbitration costs.
As reported by Nelogram, Abubakar Malami published a tell-all memoir and autobiography which chronicled his tenure as the AGF of Nigeria. The title of the memoir is "Traversing the Thorny Terrain of Nigeria’s Justice Sector; My Travails and Triumphs".
Attempts to remove SAN rank
In June 2019, Malami appeared before a disciplinary panel of the Legal Practitioners’ Privileges Committee to face the petitioners seeking the stripping of his Senior Advocate of Nigeria rank for alleged misconduct. The case was dismissed due to procedural issues on the part of the claimant.
In 2020, a lawyer, Izu Aniagu, submitted a new petition to the Legal Practitioners’ Privileges Committee to remove Malami's Senior Advocate of Nigeria rank. Aniagu's petition, which received over 10,000 online signatures, was based on the claim that Malami unilaterally deleted certain provisions of the Rules of Professional Conduct for Legal Practitioners in violation of the law. Later in 2020, Aniagu accused the LPPC and Chief Justice Tanko Muhammad of purposeful inaction on his petition.
Oil asset auction
As a part of the dispute between Malami and then-EFCC Chairman Ibrahim Magu, reports came out in July 2020 that Malami and Magu had clashed over and given conflicting orders on seized assets, notably when Malami authorised the auction of several sea vessels holding crude oil and diesel. Malami directed Omoh-Jay Nigeria Ltd. to auction the vessels despite previous theft allegations against the company. Umar Gwandu, Malami's spokesman, claimed that the auction was not illegal and Omo-Jay was innocent until proven guilty. Gwandu later said that the auction allegation and other corruption allegations had "caused [Malami] considerable distress, psychological trauma, anxiety and greatly injured his character and reputation."
Family wealth
Various Sahara Reporters investigations have alleged that Malami and his family has amassed "unexplained wealth" while Malami served as Attorney-General. The reports have outlined how Malami himself owns a hotel in Sokoto, four houses in Abuja, a school in Birnin Kebbi, and a hotel under construction in Abuja. Malami was also shown to have bought two houses for his sons in Birnin Kebbi and an event centre called Azbir Arena for one of his sons; both sons were also known to drive expensive cars and have no known work history. The Malami family also were seen leaving chartered private jets when arriving in Birnin Kebbi for a family wedding.
After the publication of the initial reports in July 2020, Malami's lawyer, Sunday Ameh, wrote to Police Inspector General Mohammed Adamu to call for investigation into Sahara Reporters and its founder Omoyele Sowore. In August, Malami wrote to President Buhari, stating that his wealth had come from business and investments from prior to becoming AG. Malami claimed that he declared all assets in the assets declarations filed with the Code of Conduct Bureau upon appointment in 2015 and again upon re-appointment in 2019.
Alleged diversion of recovered money
In May 2021, Malami appeared before a House committee to answer for suspected diversion of recovered laundered money intended for the consolidated revenue account along with other alleged improprieties. Malami and his office were accused of improperly funding the office budget with around ₦800 billion of recovered looted money by several Representatives including committee chair Adejoro Adeogun. Malami denied his office received any money from the recovered money account and the Accountant General Ahmed Idris supported Malami, claiming that the consolidated revenue account and recovered loot account are all subsets of the same Treasury Single Account making it appear as if the funds were transferred to the AGF office. The next day, Adeogun and others continued questioning Malami, now about a reported illegal ₦2 billion payment from the Central Bank of Nigeria to Malami and an alleged request from Malami for "payment of approved solicitors’ fees" from the recovered loot account. Malami denied requesting payments from the recovered loot account, but did not comment on the ₦2 billion payment from the CBN.
In August 2021, the Attorneys-General of all 36 states sued Malami, accusing him of failure to allocate recovered funds to the states.
Interference in corruption investigations
As Attorney-General, Malami has the power to intervene in and take over any prosecution and has been accused of using that power to stop cases against allies. Cases which Malami took over but were later withdrawn include cases against NFF President Amaju Pinnick and other NFF officials, former Senate President Bukola Saraki, three former Katsina State government officials, accused money launderer Akinola Ogunlewe, and most notably, the case of Gombe Central Senator and former Gombe State Governor Danjuma Goje whose eight year-long, ₦25 billion fraud trial was stopped by Malami about a month after Goje agreed to support Buhari's preferred Senate President candidate. As public outcry grew over the interference, Malami defended himself by saying if he wanted to stop corruption investigations, he would have dismissed all EFCC corruption cases and claimed that the case against Goje was weak.
In August 2021, reports came out that Malami was supporting a bill to transfer all prosecuting and investigative powers to the Office of the Attorney-General. Passage of the bill would remove the independence of anti-corruption agencies by putting them underneath the AG with Sahara Reporters reporting that Malami's intention was to stop the prosecution of his allies. Just three months after the reports, Malami sent a letter to the EFCC stalling the corruption trial of former Aviation Minister and Anambra North Senator Stella Oduah not long after she defected to the APC.
Philanthropy
Malami co-founded the Khadimiyya for Justice and Development Initiative (KJDI), a non-profit organization focuses on advancement of human society through fostering access to justice for citizens, and investing in human capital.
The NGO's goal is to help people from rural communities in improving their living condition through the provision of basic social amenities. The organization supports them with foodstuffs, medical care, water supply, and employment opportunities.
During the COVID-19 pandemic and its resulting economic effects, KJDI facilitated the securing and distribution of ₦3.2 billion credits facilities loan to nearly 5,900 people in 21 local government areas of Kebbi State for poverty alleviation and youths empowerment. Moreover, as part of the foundation's mission, Malami donated 16 million naira to flood victims in Kebbi and a 110 KVA generator to Equity FM radio station in Birnin Kebbi while KJDI provided 236 boreholes to rural communities.
Awards
* 2020, awarded as anti-corruption crusade of the President Muhamadu Buhari's administration by Citizens Participation Against Corruption Initiative, Charted Institute of Forensic Investigative Professionals of Nigeria, Charted Institute of Public Resources Management and Politics, Ghana, Security and Forensic Studies and others.
* 2020, Best Minister award by Face of Democracy Nigeria Project.
* 2020, Peace Achievers International Awards of Excellence, Leadership Prowess: Justice and Equity by Achievers International.
* 2021, awarded as the Most Outstanding Icon of Unity and Peaceful Co-existence in Nigeria by Ndi Igbo Worldwide
* (Youth Wing)
* 2022, Nigerian national honour, Commander of the Order of the Niger (CON)
Honours
* Senior Advocate of Nigeria – 2008
* Life Bencher – 2020
* (KUlIYAN GWANDU).
* Doctorate Degree In law (Hons). | WIKI |
Rock with U
"Rock with U" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her tenth studio album, Discipline (2008). It was written by Ne-Yo, Jermaine Dupri, and Eric Stamile, and produced by the last two. The song was released as the album's second single on February 5, 2008, by Island Records. "Rock with U" is a pop, Eurodisco, and house song that was recorded with the gay community in mind, as Jackson felt the necessity to do something for her gay fans, as well as the wider community members.
"Rock with U" received positive reviews from music critics, with the majority lauding its retro, but futuristic sound, and commending the song's elements of house music. The song had minimal success, only being able to reach the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles and the top 20 of the Hot Dance Club Songs. Saam Farahmand directed the long-take music video, which features Jackson having a party inside a club, with red and white rays of light entering the room. "Rock with U" served as the title for Jackson's Rock Witchu Tour the same year, where the song was also performed.
Background and writing
In July 2007, it was announced that Jackson had signed a recording contract with Island Records, after her five-album deal with Virgin Records was fulfilled with the release of her album 20 Y.O. (2006). Jackson's tenth studio album, Discipline, which was an acknowledgment of Jackson's commitment, focus and dedication to her career, was released on February 26, 2008 under the supervision of label head L. A. Reid. She did not write or co-write any songs on the album, a departure from her usual practice of co-writing and producing all of the songs on her albums. "Rock with U" was written by Shaffer Smith, Jermaine Dupri and Eric Stamile, with Dupri producing it, while Stamile co-produced it. In an interview for NewNowNext, Jackson explained that the song was created for the gay community, saying, "Honestly the song was created for the gay community. I kept stressing to Jermaine [Dupri, the song's co-writer], 'I got to do something for the kids.' I had talked about it on the last album – and there was a song that I had, and it wasn't quite completed. And I talked about it to the papers, gay magazines, and it didn't wind up on the album with the cut-off date. I felt really badly about that. So he just handed me a CD and said, ‘Here are 10 tracks for the kids; tell me which one you like the best.' I fell in love with 'Rock With U'."
After the song was released, Jackson was awarded the Vanguard Award at the 19th annual GLAAD Media Awards, honoring her contributions in promoting equal rights among the gay community. The organization's president commented, "Ms. Jackson has a tremendous following inside the LGBT community and out, and having her stand with us against the defamation that LGBT people still face in our country is extremely significant."
Music and lyrics
"Rock with U" is a pop, Eurodisco, and house song. According to Jackson, it is reminiscent of "Together Again" or "Throb" from The Velvet Rope (1997) and janet. (1993), respectively. "It's still classic me but with a different twist to it – a modern twist", she said. Jim Farber from the New York Daily News noted the song's riffs, which he considered greater when they first appeared in Madonna's 1985 song "Into the Groove". The song was compared to Jackson's brother Michael Jackson's "Rock with You" (1979), due to the similar title and its disco themes. "Rock with U" also contains vocodered whispers and murmured vocals. The song opens with the line, "Strobe lights make everything sexier", while it talks about an erotic proposition which was reportedly dedicated to the gay community.
Release
"Rock with U" was made available for sale through the US iTunes Store on February 5, 2008, along with a pre-order offer for Discipline. In the United States, the song was serviced to rhythmic contemporary radio stations on February 11 and to contemporary hit radio stations on February 26.
Critical reception
"Rock with U" was met with general critical acclaim from most music critics, with most praising its style and retro vibe. Picking the song as one of the album's best tracks, Andy Kellman of AllMusic named it "an irresistible, grade-A dancefloor track", calling it "swift and swooning." Bryan Borzykowski of Now called it a "bouncy house track", while Nick Levine from Digital Spy called it "cosmic, sleek, catchy and bracingly modern", writing that "it wouldn't disgrace itself as a Kylie [Minogue] single." Dan Gennoe of Yahoo! Music was extremely positive, writing that the song marries Jackson's sweet and stomping side for a 1980s influenced song, which we called both genuinely exciting and "sounds 100 per cent like Janet Jackson".
Ann Powers from the Los Angeles Times enjoyed the track, calling it "the gentlest time travel ever accomplished." Powers also wrote, "Playing on memory and melancholia, Janet's 'Rock With U' is nowhere as great as the original, but as a bit of intimate meta-pop it's utterly poignant. Jackson has long been the bearer of her brother's secrets, and on this song she shows that she can still crave something other than sexual fulfillment. Something like innocence." Michael Arceneaux of PopMatters praised the track, calling it "a sensual gem" and "almost euphoric", effectively complimenting Jackson's "whispery delivery." Arceneaux added, "It's a digitized form of pop music Janet should look into for future recordings." Tom Young from BBC Music was negative in his review, saying that its lyrics would not seduce anybody.
Music video
The accompanying music video for "Rock with U" was directed by Saam Farahmand and choreographed by Gil Duldulao. It premiered on Access Granted on March 5, 2008. Jackson described Farahmand as an excited, passionated and creative person. He wanted to make the video as a long take video, like the music video for previous single "Feedback", which he also directed. According to the singer, the makeup looks and fashion of the video were a "futuristic version of the Blitz Kids from the 80's". Dulduao commented "I just wanted sort of bring Janet into the visionary style she's had in the past and I wanted to bring to like, video, and bring it back". He also mentioned that it took him at least a day and a half to finish its choreography.
The long-take video begins with many people dancing on a hallway, until a girl comes and opens a door which leads to a room. There, other dancers are dancing to the song in midway of white rays of light, until the camera shows Jackson in the corner of the room and they start performing a dance routine. While the singer disappears from vision, people dance until she appears again dancing to the song. Then she goes to a hallway and enters a red-lighted room, accompanied by dancers, where entertainer Mimi Marks is seen. There she dances another routine along with her dancers. After dancing, she enters in another hallway where she gets alone with a man, until they share a kiss. Then, people who were in the previous room enter to the hallway to connect to another room, with Marks taking Jackson with her. The video ends with people coming closer to Jackson.
Live performances
Jackson performed "Rock with U" on Good Morning America, which aired in February 2008 on ABC. During the Rock Witchu Tour the same year, "Rock with U" was performed by Jackson right after "All Nite (Don't Stop)". An interlude of "Rock with U" was used during her Unbreakable World Tour (2015–2016). It was also included during the DJ intermission on the State of the World Tour (2017–2018). Jackson also included the song on the set list of her Las Vegas residency Janet Jackson: Metamorphosis (2019). During the May 28, 2023 concert of her tour, Janet Jackson: Together Again in Milwaukee, "Rock with U" was performed after being requested by one of her backup dancers.
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Discipline.
* Janet Jackson – vocals
* Shaffer Smith – songwriter
* Jermaine Dupri – songwriter, producer, vocal production, mixing
* Eric Stamile – songwriter, co-producer
* Manuel Seal – vocal production
* Ian Cross – vocal production, mixing assistant, vocal recording
* John Horesco IV – guitar, recording
* Josh Houghkirk – engineer
* Steven Barlow – assistant engineer
* Chris Soper – assistant engineer
* Angie Teo – assistant engineer | WIKI |
Kevin Ryde
NAME
Gtk2::Ex::ComboBoxBits -- misc Gtk2::ComboBox helpers
SYNOPSIS
use Gtk2::Ex::ComboBoxBits;
FUNCTIONS
Active Path
$path = Gtk2::Ex::ComboBoxBits::get_active_path ($combobox)
Return a Gtk2::TreePath to the active item in $combobox, or undef if empty or no model or nothing active.
Gtk2::Ex::ComboBoxBits::set_active_path ($combobox, $path)
Set the active item in $combobox to the given Gtk2::TreePath position. If $path is empty or undef or there's no such row in the model then $combobox is set to nothing active.
Some versions of ComboBox have a feature where if there's no model in $combobox then a toplevel active item is remembered ready for a model set later. Not sure if that's documented, but set_active_path tries to cooperate by using set_active for toplevels, and set_active_iter for sub-rows (which don't get the same remembering).
Text Combos
The following are for use on a simplified "text" ComboBox as created by Gtk2::ComboBox->new_text().
$str = Gtk2::Ex::ComboBoxBits::set_active_text ($combobox, $str)
$combobox must be a simplified "text" type ComboBox. Set the entry $str active.
The corresponding "get" is $combobox->get_active_text(), see Gtk2::ComboBox.
$iter = Gtk2::Ex::ComboBoxBits::find_text_iter ($combobox, $str)
Return a Gtk2::TreeIter which is the row for $str in a text style combobox. If $str is not in $combobox then return undef.
EXPORTS
Nothing is exported by default, but the functions can be requested in usual Exporter style,
use Gtk2::Ex::ComboBoxBits 'set_active_text';
This can be handy if using set_active_text many times. Gtk2::Ex::ComboBox::Text imports it to use as an object method.
There's no :all tag since this module is meant as a grab-bag of functions and to import as-yet unknown things would be asking for name clashes.
HOME PAGE
http://user42.tuxfamily.org/gtk2-ex-comboboxbits/index.html
LICENSE
Copyright 2010, 2011 Kevin Ryde
Gtk2-Ex-ComboBoxBits is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
Gtk2-Ex-ComboBoxBits is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Gtk2-Ex-ComboBoxBits. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
whats the square root of 74
whats the square root of 74
What is the square root of 74, √74
The square root of 74 is 8.. Or, √ 74 = 8.. See, below on this web page, details on how to calculate this square root using the Babylonian Method
What is a square root of 74 Dailion
Is 74 a good square A: No, the quantity 74 is not a good square. Is 75 a square root The square root of 75 is roughly 8. or 5√3 in radical type.
Square Root Of 74 Simplified Math Question [SOLVED]
The square root of seventyfour √74 = 8. How To Calculate Square Roots In mathematics, a square root of a number a is a number y such that y = a, in other words, a number y whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or y * y) is a. For example, 4 and 4 are square roots of 16 because 4 = (4) = 16.
What is the square root of 74 Answers
No, 74 is not a perfect square of an integer its square root, rounded to two decimal places, is equal to 8.60. The closest square numbers to 74 are 81 (92) and 64 (82). Whats the square root of...
Square Root of 74 Squared (√74^2)
Square Root of 74 Squared (√74^2) Here we will discuss and calculate the square root of 74 squared. The problem in mathematical terms that we want to solve is displayed below: √ 74
[SOLVED] What is the Square Root of {74} in simplest
74 ≈ 8. (This link will show the same work that you can see on this page) You can calculate the square root of any number, just change 74 up above in the textbox.
Simplify square root of 74, Mathway
Algebra. Simplify square root of 74. √74 74. The result can be shown in multiple forms. Exact Form: √74 74.
Square Root Calculator
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Investing in Nutrient Dense Food: Vitamin D
Dr. Weston A. Price identified three nutrients in his book Nutrition and Physical Degeneration that proved vital to the development and maintenance of healthy teeth. I looked at cost-effective sources of the first of these in Investing in Nutrient Dense Food: Vitamin A, so now it's time to move on to the second, vitamin D.
Like vitamin A, vitamin D isn't a single compound. It's a group of fat soluble compounds that are responsible for enhancing our body's capacity to absorb minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphate and zinc, promotes healthy bone growth and protects us against cancer, heart disease and other chronic diseases [1]. While there are other compounds that fall in the group commonly referred to as 'Vitamin D', the two most important are ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Cholecalciferol is most commonly synthesized in our skin from cholesterol during exposure to sunlight [2]. In the liver cholecalciferol is converted to a compound called calcidiol, which is then converted to calcitriol, the biologically active form of Vitamin D, in the kidneys.
Unfortunately there aren't many foods that contain meaningful amounts of Vitamin D, and all of them are from either animals or fungi, the latter of which are more closely related to animals than they are to plants. The graph below shows the cost associated with providing a daily allowance of 600 International Units (IU) of vitamin D from several foods, with nutrition data from the USDA's National Nutrient Database and price data gathered at my local farmers' market or grocery cooperative for pasture based livestock and wild-caught fish [3].
VitaminD
Many sources of health information push seafood as a source of vitamin D, particularly salmon and tuna. While these foods do contain decent amounts of the vitamin, when we figure in their comparatively high cost they don't look particularly cost-effective. Tuna, at $17 per pound at my local grocery cooperative, is an expensive way to get vitamin D, and wild caught salmon is even more so. Sardines were a bit less pricey and pack more vitamin D per unit weight, but in terms of cost-effectiveness still couldn't beat pasture raised eggs. Beef liver and kidneys were also among the most cost-effective sources of vitamin D, which is intriguing as they also top my list of cost-effective sources of vitamin A.
Mushrooms are typically poor sources of vitamin D, as seen by the high cost associated with getting 600 IU's worth from portobello mushrooms, but when freshly picked fungi are exposed to ultraviolet light for at least five minutes their levels of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) rise dramatically. In the graphic above these irradiated portobellos are marked with an asterisk, and yield D2 at a cost of just over $3 per 600 IU. That's about half the price of the vitamin D in eggs, so if you have access to an ultraviolet light and fresh mushrooms you can take a crack at ultra-fortifying your fresh fungi. It's worth noting though that some question vitamin D2's ability to substitute for vitamin D3 in human metabolism, since most vitamin D produced by humans during sun exposure and used metabolically is D3 [4]. It's not clear that these ultra-fortified mushrooms can make up for lack of vitamin D from other sources.
While some foods are more cost-effective sources of vitamin D than others, none are particularly cheap. I'm not going to speak for anyone else, but it seems to me that the most cost-effective way to get vitamin D is via sun exposure, so that's the route I take. One nice thing about vitamin D is that it's fat soluble, so excess produced during the summer is easily stored in body fat for use over the winter when sun exposure isn't direct enough to stimulate production in the skin. Most sources I've read suggest that 10-20 minutes of direct sun exposure for light complected people during the summer produces up to 10,000 IUs of vitamin D, although those with darker skin or who live in northern latitudes with less direct sun exposure will produce less.
One last note before I leave vitamin D: there remains controversy surrounding how much of this nutrient the human body actually needs. I used a recommended daily allowance of 600 IU, taken from the US Department of Health's website, but some researchers claim the human body is adapted to producing and using upwards of 4,000 IU of vitamin D per day, most of this coming from sun exposure [5]. The difference between 600 IU and 4,000 IU is substantial, and given little evidence that the higher intake levels could be toxic - particularly when achieved via sun exposure, which has inherent feedback mechanisms that prevent the production of toxic levels of vitamin D - it seems prudent to me to up my production of the vitamin. All in all, it's just another good excuse to spend time outside during the summer...
Notes
1. Vitamin D: Fact Sheet for Consumers. United States Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health.
2. M. Holick (2006) High prevalence of Vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Vol. 81, Pgs. 353-373.
3. National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.
4. L. Houghton & R. Veith (2006) The case against ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) as a vitamin supplement. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 84, Pgs. 694-697.
5. R. Heaney & M. Holick (2011) Why the IOM recommendations for vitamin D are deficient. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, Vol. 26, Pgs. 455-457.
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What's Tonight to Eternity?
What's Tonight to Eternity? is the fifth studio album from Canadian music project Cindy Lee, headed by Patrick Flegel. Released in early 2020 through W.25th (a subsidiary of Superior Viaduct Records), the album was thematically influenced by the life of musician Karen Carpenter, which Flegel related to deeply on a personal level. The stylistically eclectic album was preceded by the release of 2 singles, and received highly positive reviews from critics who have described it as provocative, eerie and haunting. It was notably longlisted for the 2020 Polaris Music Prize.
Background
In an interview with The Fader, Flegel spoke of how the rigorous touring schedule of their former band Women took a toll on the interpersonal relationships within the group, culminating in an onstage brawl in October 2010 that subsequently led to the cancellation of the remainder of the tour & the band's dissolution. Admitting that they have a "pretty thin skin", Flegel said that their frame of mind during the emotionally-draining tour drew them to "deeply research" the life of their favorite singer Karen Carpenter - who would go on to become a "significant figure in the Cindy Lee mythos" due to her personal struggles with issues such as anorexia & exploitation by her associates. "On a micro scale," they said, "I had a similar situation that I could relate to where I had pretty severe mental health issues. I [also] empathized with her because she's this extreme suburban Shakespeare tale of living the dream and then having all of these peripheral people profiting off of their work." They further described the album as "A cautionary thing of like, be careful what you wish for."
Recording
What's Tonight to Eternity? was recorded at Flegel's own Realistik Studios in Montreal. Unlike previous Cindy Lee albums, it was recorded almost entirely by Flegel themselves in order to exert complete control over the process. To create the necessary atmosphere for the recording process, Flegel watched "a stream of movies during the recording and playback", especially those by Kenneth Anger. "When you're just sitting at a desk," they said, "it's cool to look at some magical, mystical, glorious footage. It's one of these things where [if] you're bummed out by what you're doing, aligning it with something that's a masterpiece tricks yourself into thinking it's good." Their younger brother Andrew is credited with playing drums on the album on its Bandcamp page.
Style and themes
Daniel Sylvester of Exclaim! called What's Tonight to Eternity? a "diverse" & "genre-less" album that "runs the sonic gamut, leaving behind zero regard for a uniform sound, style or even structure." "While every Cindy Lee album wields an uneasy juxtaposition of melody and noise," writes Zach Schonfeld for Paste, "Flegel strikes a remarkably precarious balance between the two on What’s Tonight To Eternity." Similarly, according to Jack Denton of Pitchfork, the album "strikes a provocative balance of ’60s pop bliss and horror-show unease." Aquarium Drunkard wrote that the album belongs "on the shelf somewhere between contemporary sound-alchemists like Ariel Pink, John Maus and The Caretaker and timeless songwriters like Roy Orbison and Shadow Morton." According to Flegel, the album also thematically explores the "negative space" between "public and private, perception and reality, popularity and denunciation." "The characteristic intimacy of Karen Carpenter’s voice is absent here," writes Denton, "with Flegel’s earnest falsetto often rendered as a galactically distant echo. Instead, the singer’s presence is felt through other aesthetics often associated with her, like Richard Carpenter’s saccharine string arrangements and doo-wop-inspired backing vocals."
Songs
The album "begins in Youth Lagoon-esque territory of lightly psychedelic whimsy, with blooping whale sounds over serene keyboards and a dash of [[Smooth jazz|
smooth-jazz]] saxophone beamed straight from some 6-CD changer. Soon, though, the already decaying audio [is] overwhelmed by shrieking static and aggressive squawks that, with an added beat, sound like they could go viral on TikTok—as if the placid recording studio were suddenly torn apart by a tornado." The opening track "Plastic Raincoat" is "an ethereal mood piece, featuring Flegel's beautifully strained vocals". Denton connects its lyrics ("Plastic raincoat/Protect me from rot") to Flegel's need to adopt a "diva fantasy" as Cindy Lee in order to survive a "hellish world". The second single from the album, "I Want You to Suffer" has been described as an "epic" and a "capsule of the album in song". The "marathon seven-and-a-half-minute highlight [...] mutates from technicolor art-pop that sounds so brittle it might crumble to sheer, cacophonic noise and then back again—except now the tempo has been slowed to a mournful crawl." The middle noise section has been compared to the "guitar breakdown[s]" of Sonic Youth. Flegel described the song as a "cathartic" experience, elaborating in a press release:
"‘I Want You to Suffer’ is about my feelings regarding being abused and wanting severe punishment and revenge. It is also a rumination on alienation and repression in the wake of authority figures telling you that you are insane for your entire adolescence, when you are truly just reacting to what is happening to you. As you grow older, you realize that the identity and stances that have been adopted remain part of the same poisonous framework that you had been trying to escape. In the end, all that is left is the aching desire to be loved and trusted, despite a string of failures on your part."
"The Limit" is a "woozy waltz that sounds damaged and distant, like it’s being beamed down from space", in which "the melody and noise components are one and the same". "One Second to Toe the Line" has been described as a "jagged toy piano ditty until it decides not to be". The track features "Flegel’s patented shimmery, intricate guitar lines and stands out on the album as the closest thing to a straightforward reconstruction of a warm, ‘60s pop song about yearning." The 7-minute "Lucifer Stand" features "menacing synths" and a "pulsing, new-wave" energy "which reiterates, in a slightly different method, the ominous gothic overtones of What’s Tonight To Eternity’s melancholic commentary on the loss of love in its many forms." The song "marinates in evil", and ends with "a spoken-word sample of religious testimony, a woman describes finding herself abandoned by Jesus, stuck in a kind of purgatory where she can neither live nor die. Fed up, she resolves to reject Satan, even if that means being cast into the ether. "I would rather spend eternity in nothing," she declares, "than to spend eternity with you."" Flegel spoke of the source & purpose of the recording in a Reddit AMA:
"The spoken part of Lucifer Stand is from a video testimonial, a testimony is a public declaration of a persons revelation or spiritual awakening/turning point. I've had experiences that mirror what she is saying, so I could empathize with her sense of this spiritual warfare / circling spiritual attack, while to an outsider her just being alone at home in her living room. This scene taps into the limits/potentials of our reality"
"Just for Loving You I Pay the Price" has been described as a "barely-there, echo-laden noir ballad." It has been called a "washed-out ballad about toxic relationships—only slight imperfections in the ambiance arise from the occasional singing from Flegel, but these vocals barely even reach the surface, again signaling something more poisonous beneath the glistening surface." "Speaking From Above" features "ruminative electric piano [that] sutures the song’s harsh distortion to its fleshy bass, finding a satisfied groove amid the ongoing discomforts of being alive." The closing track - and the album's first single - "Heavy Metal" has been called "a floaty retro pop song produced with a noisy indie-rock edge, like Deerhunter writing a ’60s prom ballad." The song "filters" the album's "internal conflict" between "nothingness and the pain of the world" through a "parodic costume of girl-group fadeout, reaching a tentative rapprochement between these many selves." The song is also a tribute to former Women member Chris Reimer, who died in 2012 at the age of 26.
Release
What's Tonight to Eternity? was released on Valentines Day - February 14 - 2020. It was released through W.25th Records, a sub-label of Superior Viaduct. It was issued primarily on LP, though it's also available to stream for free on Bandcamp.
Packaging
According to The Fader, the album's monochromatic cover art - designed by Andrea Lukic - "depicts two androgynous figures locked in each others’ arms — their bodies are pinned in the corner of a candlelit chamber, so desperately intertwined they seem to consume each other. The perspective of the illustration makes the characters look like they’re drawing the last moments of solace from an encroaching, villainous outside world, of which the viewer is an ambassador."
Music video
A video for the single "Heavy Metal" was released to YouTube, and was credited to Realistik Studios.
Critical reception
The album was very positively reviewed. "On What's Tonight to Eternity," writes Sylvester, "Cindy Lee show off their mighty range while somehow managing to sound like a perfectly constructed, singular vision." Schonfeld called it "bracing and damaged pop music about what it means to be an outsider in a world where the Karen Carpenters don’t always survive. [The album] also functions as an elegiac salute to the ghost of Women, a band that left us too soon and never quite received its due." In a year-end round-up, Aquarium Drunkard called it "a masterpiece of pop-hauntology; a deconstructionist orchestra of girl group melody and Metal Machine Music distortion." Alex Edkins of the noise rock band Metz wrote an article praising the album for Talkhouse, writing that it "is not background music to be enjoyed with a latte. You really need to give your undivided attention to it and let its haunting atmosphere take over. Underneath the harsh exterior is truly beautiful music centered around Cindy Lee’s ghostly falsetto." He concludes by calling it "a cinematic journey with lots of twists and turns that I enjoy more and more each listen. It’s a trip." Katie Rife of The A.V. Club jokingly wrote that the album "bridges the gap between Valentine’s Day and Halloween with a set of love songs that sound like a ghostly ’60s girl group performing for a crowd of teenagers killed in motorcycle accidents at a haunted sock hop." Despite a more relatively mixed score, Denton's review of the album is also ultimately quite positive in nature.
What's Tonight to Eternity? also appeared on many year-end lists. Beats Per Minute ranked it 33rd on their list, praising its "cinematic" qualities. Sputnikmusic's staff ranked it the 23rd best album of 2020, calling it "an album of considerable beauty and surprising comforts; never in spite of its tumult, and always because of it."
Awards
What's Tonight to Eternity? was longlisted for the 2020 Polaris Music Prize, but failed to secure a nomination.
Side one
* 1) "Plastic Raincoat" – 3:22
* 2) "I Want You to Suffer" – 7:37
* 3) "The Limit" – 4:24
* 4) "What's Tonight to Eternity" – 2:07
* 5) "One Second to Toe the Line" – 3:02
Side two
* 1) "Lucifer Stand" – 7:20
* 2) "Speaking From Above" – 5:33
* 3) "Just for Loving You I Pay the Price" – 4:39
* 4) "Heavy Metal" – 4:00
Personnel
Cindy Lee is credited as the primary artist on the album.
* Andrew Flegel – drums
* Andrea Lukic – artwork | WIKI |
Please reply via the list instead of sending off-list responses.
I am not an expert on the multiprocessing module, but a quick check: You are calling multiprocessing.freeze_support() at the beginning of your program, right? See:
http://docs.python.org/library/multiprocessing.html#multiprocessing.freeze_support
When you create a new process on a Windows platform, the underlying system call is CreateProcess(). Error code 14001 is ERROR_SXS_CANT_GEN_ACTCTX. This indicates a problem with your side-by-side (SxS) assembly. Normally, an error like this would also occur with any other method of starting your program. Are you saying you can invoke your program normally, but the multiprocessing module can't re-invoke it? I'm not sure why that would happen. Perhaps someone with more knowledge of the multiprocessing module could provide some insight.
Python 2.6 is built with MSVC 9.0, and more critically, the py2exe stub executable for Python 2.6 is built with MSVC 9.0. So your issue is almost certainly because of msvcr90.dll and/or related DLLs. The easiest solution is to make sure that your target machine has the Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable Package installed. Here's a link:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=9b2da534-3e03-4391-8a4d-074b9f2bc1bf&displaylang=en
If you really don't want to deploy the MSVC redistributable package into the target computer's native assembly cache, then you will need to package all the necessary DLLs and/or manifest files (including Microsoft.VC90.CRT.manifest, and any DLLs that it references) in your installer, and deploy them to the same location as your executable file. (Also, any re-invocation of your executable file via the multiprocessing or subprocess modules should execute it from a location where these files are available.) Dependency Walker is an invaluable tool for tracking what DLLs are being referenced by your executable. You can get it from: http://www.dependencywalker.com/
As I mentioned in my previous email, there have been many discussions of related issues on this list in the last few months. I would recommend you read through the archives of the list, since that will probably answer your question(s) better than I can.
- Daniel.
cool-RR wrote:
Python: 2.6.2c1
py2exe: 0.6.9
Windows: XP Pro
I'm not sure what "CreateProcess" means in this context. I am creating a process with the multiprocessing package, is this what this is about?
I'm not sure whether `msvcr90.dll` is the thing - How should I know? The only thing I got was the CreateProcess error message.
On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 8:57 PM, Daniel Pryden <daniel@pryden.net> wrote:
It might help if you could provide some version numbers. Python
version, py2exe version, Windows version, etc. Also, how are you
invoking CreateProcess?
If you're using Python 2.6.x and/or Python 3.x, the issue is probably
related to the Microsoft Visual C Runtime 9.0 library (msvcr90.dll)
and/or its manifest. (Is this the "some MS redistributable something"
that you refer to? I can't read your mind, you know.) See the list
archives for lots and lots of discussion of this issue.
- Daniel.
cool-RR wrote:
> Does anyone have an idea? I would really like to resolve this before
> EuroPython.
>
> Thanks,
> Ram.
>
> On Tue, Jun 23, 2009 at 1:11 PM, cool-RR <cool-rr@cool-rr.com
> <mailto:cool-rr@cool-rr.com>> wrote:
>
> I have a problem: I used py2exe for my program, and it worked on my
> computer. I packaged it with Inno Setup (still worked on my
> computer), but when I sent it to a different computer, I got the
> following error when trying to run the application: "CreateProcess
> failed; code 14001." The app won't run.
> I googled for it a bit and found that the the user should install
> some MS redistributable something, but I don't want to make life
> complicated for my users. Is there a solution? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Fort Nash
Fort Nash, also known as Purdie's Garrison and Cantonment on the Tennessee Ridge, was established around 1793 in the Fudgearound area. The fort was built as a military garrison to protect settlers and travelers and served as a stopping place and administrative center until it was abandoned in about 1804.
During the survey of the Nashville to Georgia Road in 1806/7, John Drake's survey party visited the site. The Tennessee State Library and Archives have the map of the survey and Drake's accompanying letter, which depicts a four-sided stockade with blockhouses at each corner. | WIKI |
Mawashi geri
Mawashi geri (回し蹴り) can be translated as "spin kick", although it is also sometimes referred to as a roundhouse kick. It is a kick used in Japanese martial arts.
Technique
Mawashi geri may be executed from a variety of stances, and there are several methods of proper execution. Technique is mainly used in Karate, Jujutsu, Kenpo etc. The portion of its execution that is always consistent is that the kick is executed inward and at an angle that is anywhere from parallel to the floor to 45 degrees upward. In general, it is a lateral kick that strikes with the foot. Ideally, the foot that is on the ground during the kick points directly away from the opponent, but 90 to 45 degrees away from the opponent may also be acceptable.
Variations
If mawashi geri is being thrown with the lead leg, the lead leg comes straight up from the ground, moving into a position with the knee bent back and pointing at the desired target area on the opponent. Without stopping, the upper leg rotates inward to whatever angle the kick will be thrown at, and finally, the lower leg flicks out to strike the opponent, and then immediately back in.
If the kick is being thrown from the rear leg, another option is available. The rear leg lifts with the knee bent and pointing to the side, and the entire body rotates as the knee swings around to the front (picture swinging one's leg over to mount a bicycle). The rotation of the body and lateral movement of the leg add to the momentum of the lower leg, which moves in and out the same as above.
The final possible variation is in the foot, itself. One may either strike with the instep of the foot (with the ankle and toes extended), or with the ball of the foot (ankle and toes bent back). Alternately, one could forgo the use of the foot entirely, and strike with the shin instead.
Targets
Common targets for this kick include the head (especially in competition), as well as the knees and floating ribs. Kyokushinkai karate practitioners commonly use low mawashi geri attacks to strike the thigh of opponents whereas this move is less common in other styles.
There are many versions of roundhouse kick.
Martial arts have many different methods of delivering a roundhouse kick. One method involved bringing up the knee, and then swiftly turning the hip over and snapping the leg outwards from the knee to deliver a strike with the ball of the foot.
As the years have gone by, some martial arts schools also practice kicking roundhouse kick with the shin, which has always been the preferred method of Muay Thai.
Another popular point of contact is with the instep, which, for safety reasons, is usually practiced when sparring in the martial arts school.
There are now more and more martial artists practicing the 'cutting roundhouse kick', this is where the practitioner will lift their attacking leg higher than the intended target, they will then execute the kick in a downward cutting movement. It is a very effective attack against the thigh. | WIKI |
Do Your Feet Hurt? Here’s Why and What You Can Do About It
Do Your Feet Hurt? Here’s Why And What You Can Do About It
By the age of 50 you will have walked about 75,000 miles, according to the American Podiatric Medical Association (APMA). With each step, one-and-a-half times your body weight comes down on each foot. Start to run and that amount increases to three to four times your body weight (more than 400 pounds!). Your feet have 26 bones, 33 joints, and 100 tendons, muscles and ligaments. Given their heavy use — and potential for injury — it’s no wonder that, according to the APMA, 77 percent of Americans suffer from some sort of foot pain that impacts work, exercise, walking and even interactions with friends and family.
Dr. Michael Weisman, division head of podiatry for the NorthShore Orthopaedic Institute, says the following factors contribute to foot pain:
• Genetics: Certain foot characteristics, like high or flat arches, and deformities like bunions and hammertoes are all largely genetic. “People are living longer, more active lives so foot deformities have more time to cause problems,” says Lowell Weil, Jr., DPM, president of Weil Foot & Ankle Institute.
• Excess body weight: Carrying around extra body weight adds additional strain to feet, especially when any of the above genetic characteristics or deformities are present.
• Overuse from exercise: The push to get people exercising has led to overuse injuries from too much too soon, or too little time allowed for tissues to recover between activities.
• Age-related foot changes: Aging causes a loss of elasticity in muscles, which can lead to strains and tears. Diminished bone density also often accompanies aging and can result in stress fractures in the feet.
• Poor footwear: Women are particularly guilty of forcing their feet into narrow-toed, high-heeled, or ill-fitting shoes, all of which can create an array of issues and injure the feet.
• Previous injury: Past injuries can leave ankles weak, with little flexion, or cause tight muscles of the lower leg, all of which can lead to strain further down in the feet.
Now that you know which factors most often contribute to foot pain, here are the most common foot injuries and ailments and what you can do to prevent or alleviate them and the pain they cause.
Plantar Fasciitis
“Plantar Fasciitis is becoming an epidemic,” Weisman says. It is estimated that 10 percent of the population suffers from the condition. The plantar fascia is a ligament on the sole of the foot that supports the arch and connects the toes to the heel. Inflammation of this ligament can cause moderate to debilitating pain when standing and walking. “The pain is most noticeable in the morning or after a period of sitting, when the ligament is short and tight,” Weisman says. He attributes the increase in cases of plantar fasciitis to overuse, inappropriate footwear, tight muscles of the lower leg and excess body weight. Weil notes greater incidence of plantar fasciitis in patients with flat feet and those with high arches. When your arch is working properly, it works to distribute weight throughout the foot with each strike. When the arch is not supported properly, the foot rolls too far inward, or “overpronates,” which can lead to plantar fasciitis.
Recommended treatment options:
• Warm the feet and lower legs before getting out of bed or after periods of sitting. Practice plantar flexion and dorsiflexion before you stand.
• Wear shoes that support your arch at all times, even in your house. Flat shoes like flip-flops aggravate plantar fasciitis as the arch collapses inward with each step.
• Choose non-weight-bearing exercise like swimming, biking or lower-impact elliptical running.
• Work to stretch tight muscles in the lower leg and improve ankle flexion.
• Consider wearing a night splint, which keeps your foot in dorsiflexion as you sleep, preventing the shortening of the ligament.
• Consider purchasing over-the-counter orthotics or a prescription version from your physician or physical therapist.
• Physical therapy may help you strengthen and stretch muscles higher up the chain that are causing your plantar fasciitis.
Check out this four-minute video for some great suggestions for preventing and treating plantar fasciitis:
Bunions
“Bunions (hallux valgus) are a structural deformity of the first metatarsal, usually caused by a genetic predisposition,” explains Weisman. A bunion is an enlargement of the joint of the big toe, which starts to lean towards the second toe, eventually leading to a bony prominence that is very apparent, and often times, inflamed and painful. Bunions can get progressively worse, aggravated by standing for long periods and narrow-toed shoes. Bunions may cause other issues like corns, calluses, ulcerations and infection as the bunion creates friction with your shoe. Compensating for the bunions may cause soft tissue injuries and bursitis.
Weisman recommends the following strategies to alleviate bunion pain:
• Avoid wearing high-heeled shoes, or shoes with narrow toe boxes that aggravate bunions.
• Choose shoes with a wide toe box and soft uppers like Birkenstocks.
• Unload the bony prominence with arch supports provided by a shoe or orthotic.
• Utilize pads specifically made for bunion pain to eliminate friction and unload the bunion when wearing shoes.
• Avoid long periods of standing when possible.
• Consider surgery when your bunion begins impacting your daily life. Weisman notes that bunion surgery has improved dramatically, resulting in an 85 to 95 percent satisfaction rate.
Morton’s Neuroma
Morton’s neuroma is a thickening of the nerve tissue between the third and fourth toes of the foot. The pain the condition creates in the ball of the foot can be debilitating and has been described as feeling like a rock is in your shoe. “Morton’s neuroma is often caused by narrow-toed, high-heeled shoes, and is preventable,” Weisman says. For those with other foot problems like bunions and hammertoes, a Morton’s neuroma may develop. The condition is often cured with a simple switch to lower-heeled shoes with a wider toe box, though more involved treatment is needed for persistent cases.
Metatarsalgia
“Pain in the ball of the foot is often misdiagnosed as Morton’s neuroma,” Weil explains. “Deformities of the bones in the ball of the foot are sometimes the actual problem. An overly long second metatarsal bone (one of the five long bones in the middle of the foot) may cause pain, damage to a ligament, a change in toe position and even dislocation of the toe joint,” Weil says. The Weil Osteotomy is a surgery to treat metatarsalgia. During the osteotomy procedure, the bone is cut and moved to a correct position. Ligament repair is also completed, if necessary. Patients are generally back to walking, in running shoes, within a week of the surgery.
Stress Fractures
Stress fractures are very small fractures in the foot that are often not visible on an X-ray. “Stress fractures in the foot are caused by repetitive, small traumas to the foot,” Weisman explains. They are most commonly experienced by walkers, runners and those new to exercise, as well as by people with lower bone density like older women or younger athletes. Most stress fractures are caused by overuse during weight-bearing activities. The pain is usually felt during activity, but can become constant. Rest is the first course of treatment, which may also involve a walking boot to unload the foot.
Preventing a stress fracture is key:
• Check with your physician to ensure your intake of calcium and vitamin D are adequate for optimal bone health.
• Keep your body weight at a healthy level.
• Wear supportive footwear, appropriate for the activity, i.e., running shoes for running.
• Always warm up and cool down before workouts.
• Increase your activity level gradually, allowing bones and muscles to adapt.
• Include non-weight-bearing activities in your exercise routine.
• Make sure to include stretching and strengthening of the muscles of the foot, ankle and lower leg in your routine.
Toenail Fungal Infection
Toenail fungus is at best unattractive, and at worst will cause pain and even spread to other nails and the skin of your feet. Toenail fungus appears as a thicker, yellowing, brittle nail that may separate from the nail bed, and may even give off a foul odor. Warm, moist environments, like showers, swimming pools, or sweaty shoes, can cause fungal infections. Weisman suggests genetics may make you more susceptible to experiencing toenail fungus. Those with weaker immune systems are also more likely to contract it. Topical, over-the-counter treatments can be successful for those with a mild infection; Weisman has also found the prescription Jublia to be effective in about half of cases.
To avoid nail fungal infections:
• Wear protective shoes at all public pools or showers where your feet might come in contact with an infection.
• Wash and dry your feet thoroughly, including between all toes.
• Wear breathable shoes and socks whenever possible. Change out of wet socks quickly.
• Allow your feet time to breathe each day.
• Keep toenails trimmed to the edge of each toe.
• Use sterile instruments on your feet.
• Ensure the tools used at your salon are sterile. Consider bringing your own.
Plantar Warts
Plantar warts are caused by a viral infection and impact the bottom of the foot. More apparent when wet, they look like a small hole in your foot. When dry they appear flatter and less noticeable. Plantar warts can spread and become painful, especially if located on the heel or ball of the foot. Many go away on their own, especially in youth, but over-the-counter and prescription treatments can also be effective. Mild cases can be treated by placing duct tape overnight on a wart that has been soaked in water. Pull the duct tape off in the morning and file the wart down. Repeated treatments may result in elimination of the wart.
For optimal overall foot health, Weil recommends wearing running shoes whenever practical. “Running shoes put your foot in the best mechanical position possible,” he says. Weil particularly likes Hoka shoes, which are light, but offer a supportive, firm sole. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
M.A.W. Shockley
M.A.W. Shockley (Major August W. Shockley) was a U.S. Army medical corps officer. He was a veteran of the Philippine–American War, and retired as a brigadier general.
Military career appointments
* Havana, Cuba, 1899, during this assignment he treated soldiers with yellow fever
* Philippine–American War, 1909
* Division of Militia Affairs, departed in August 1919
* Fort Leavenworth, arrived in 1919, Head of the Medical Department at the Army Service School
* Camp Knox, departed in September 1922
* William Beaumont Army Medical Center, appointed commander in September 1922
* Assistant Surgeon General of the Army, appointed in 1925, promoted to brigadier general in 1925
* Carlisle Barracks, retired from this position on 1 October 1936, commander, brigadier general
M.A.W. Shockley was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.
Personal life
M.A.W. Shockley's father (William B. Shockley) was a surgeon for the Army of the Cumberland, United States Volunteers, during the American Civil War. | WIKI |
Doctor Medicinae (Danish and Norwegian degree)
Doctor Medicinae, also spelled Doctor Medicinæ and abbreviated Dr. Med., is a higher doctoral degree (a research doctorate) in medicine awarded by universities in Denmark and formerly in Norway. It is officially translated as Doctor of Medical Science (D.M.Sc.), corresponding to similarly named higher doctorates found in some Commonwealth countries. It is regarded as a higher doctorate and officially ranks above the Danish PhD degree.
Dr. Med. (dr.med.) is by law a higher degree than the Ph.D. (ph.d.-graden). A Dr.Med. degree is awarded in acknowledgement of substantial scientific insight and maturity of the author and it is a requirement that the dissertation, as a rule consisting of several articles published in high-impact journals, has advanced science substantially. The dissertation is assessed by a panel of external experts, chosen among the most distinguished scientists in the field internationally, who decides if the dissertation is acceptable for public defence. Until the 19th century, the licentiate degree was also a prerequisite for obtaining the Dr.Med. Today, the recently introduced Danish Ph.D. degree (officially the successor and equivalent of the former licentiate degree) is sometimes obtained before the Dr.Med. degree. According to the Danish Agency for International Education, "mature researchers may obtain the traditional higher Danish doctoral degree (doktorgrad), usually after a minimum of 5–8 years of individual and original research (following a candidatus degree [...] or a ph.d. degree in the relevant field of study) and public defence of a dissertation." The Dr.Med. degree is seldom obtained before the age of 40, and is normally conferred upon experienced consultants and scientists after about a decade of research.
History
The degree has existed ever since the establishment of the University of Copenhagen in 1479, which was for centuries the only university of Denmark-Norway. The degree was first awarded by Norway's newly established Royal Frederick University in 1817 according to the regulations of the University of Copenhagen (despite Denmark and Norway no longer being in a personal union) and the Norwegian degree was a direct continuation of the Copenhagen degree, with Denmark and Norway largely sharing their degree system until 2003–2008, mutually recognizing the degrees as equivalent. In Norway, the Danish-based dr.med. degree was last awarded in 2008.
The Dr.Med. degree is officially a higher degree than the PhD, and is described by Danish authorities as a higher doctorate. The official English translation of the Dr.Med. degree is Doctor of Medical Science, D.M.Sc., the name of comparable degrees in Commonwealth countries that rank above the PhD; for instance the University of Sydney describes its comparable D.M.Sc. degree as "a higher doctorate [...] awarded for published work that, in the opinion of the examiners constitutes a distinguished contribution to knowledge or creative achievement and is recognized by scholars in the relevant field as constituting a distinguished contribution to knowledge or creative achievement in that filed. The DMedSc, unlike the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), is not a research training degree. It may be described as an award that one would receive when one's career is well established, rather than at the beginning, for an outstanding contribution to knowledge through a substantial body of research."
A dissertation consists of a substantial body of work published in high-quality international academic journals, as a rule at least 4 or 5 high-quality international publications. In Norway the Dr.Med. degree could only be awarded to physicians, and thus required a Candidate of Medicine (Cand. Med.) degree (6–7 years of studies) or an equivalent foreign medical degree. Non-physicians who submitted dissertations to faculties of medicine were awarded the doctor of philosophy (dr.philos.) degree instead. In Denmark the Dr.Med. degree is traditionally only awarded to physicians, and non-physicians who wrote dissertations in biomedical research fields or other topics relevant to medicine were traditionally awarded the doctorate of philosophy (Dr. Phil.), later also newer degrees such as the doctorate of pharmacy (Dr.Pharm). However there are some examples of Danish pharmacists who hold the Dr. Med. degree.
The name of the degree can also be written as Doctor Medicinæ (Æ instead of AE). In Danish and Norwegian, the degree is, similarly to other Latin degrees, generally not capitalized (i.e. it's written as doctor medicinae or doctor medicinæ, and abbreviated dr. med.).
The degree should not be confused with the German degree Dr. med. In Dano-Norwegian tradition, the dr.med. is a degree above the PhD, as is established by law in Denmark, whereas the German Dr.med. is an entry-level research doctorate roughly corresponding to the PhD in the Anglo-Saxon system. The Danish (and former Norwegian) dr.med. degree is considered equivalent to the Habilitation in Germany, and also gives the same formal rights at the universities as a Habilitation, for example the right to supervise PhDs and the eligibility to become associate professor or professor (a Dr.Med. alone by definition automatically meets the requirements to become associate professor, whereas a full professorship requires an evaluation and usually additional publications). Whereas the German Dr.med. is often obtained in one to two years, the Danish (and former Norwegian) Dr.med. is seldom obtained in less than 5–8 years of research activity after graduation as a medical doctor, and those receiving a Dr.med. are typically mid-career to senior consultants in university hospitals. According to the Danish Agency for International Education, "mature researchers may obtain the traditional higher Danish doctoral degree (doktorgrad), usually after a minimum of 5–8 years of individual and original research (following a candidatus degree, a mag.art. degree or a ph.d. degree in the relevant field of study) and public defence of a dissertation."
Dr.med. should also not be confused with the entry-level professional degree M.D., used in some English-speaking countries (not the Commonwealth). | WIKI |
Nov 122010
how do you replace the fuel filter. it does not have an inline filter
One Response to “2004 2500HD 6.0 gas engine”
1. Fuel Filter
Removal & Installation
To Remove:
Before servicing the vehicle, refer to the Cautions and Warnings in the beginning of this section
Disconnect the negative battery cable
Relieve the fuel system pressure (See: Fuel Pressure Relieving)
Raise the vehicle
Fuel filter-4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L engines
Clean all the fuel filter connections and the surrounding areas before disconnecting the fuel lines in order to avoid possible contamination of the fuel system
Disconnect the threaded fittings from the fuel filter
Cap the fuel lines in order to prevent possible fuel system contamination
Slide the fuel filter from the bracket
Inspect the fuel line O-rings for cuts, nicks, swelling, or distortion
Replace the O-rings if necessary.
To Install:
Slide the fuel filter into the bracket
Remove the caps from the fuel lines
Connect the threaded fittings to the fuel filter and tighten the fittings
Torque to: 18 ft. lbs. (25 Nm)
Tighten the fuel filter bracket bolt
Torque to: 106 inch lbs. (12 Nm)
Lower the vehicle
Tighten the fuel filler cap
Connect the negative battery cable
Use the following procedure in order to inspect for leaks:
Turn on the ignition, with the engine off, for 2 seconds
Turn off the ignition for 10 seconds
Turn on the ignition, with the engine off
Inspect for fuel leaks
Install the engine sight shield
Test drive the vehicle to confirm the repairs
Leave a Reply | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Homalozoa
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Homalozoa
Cothurnocystis,Paleozoic Era.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Subphylum: Homalozoa
Included groups
Homalozoa is an extinct subphylum of Paleozoic Era echinoderms, prehistoric marine invertebrates. They are also referred to as carpoids.[1]
Description[edit]
The Homalozoa lacked the typical pentamer body form of other echinoderms, but all were sessile animals. Instead all Homalozoans were markedly asymmetric, and were extremely variable in forms
The body (theca) was covered with calcite plates with a number of openings. Their form is in some cases so unusual that it is unclear which openings are to be considered as mouth and anus. Many of them were stalked, similar to sea lilies (crinoids), but often their bodies were bent over, so that the mouth and anus projected forwards rather than upwards. Some forms, especially stylophorans, rested flat on the sea floor.[2]
In some forms the single ray (brachiole or aulacophore) possessed an ambulacral groove.[3]
It has been claimed that some forms possessed gills and gill slits.[4]
Taxonomy[edit]
Homalozoans were traditionally considered to be stem-group echinoderms,[5] but had also been considered to lie in the stem lineage of the chordates (calcichordates). However, it is now generally accepted that homalozoans were echinoderms because their calcite skeleton was composed of the typical stereom crystalline structure.[6]
They include the unusual stylophorans (mitrates and cornutes), Homoiostelea (solutes), the Homostelea (cinctans), and the Ctenocystoidea (ctenoid-bearing homalozoans).[7] They have recently been recognised as a polyphyletic group. The stylophorans are now classified as a clade of the Crinozoa, whereas the other three are classified as clades of the Blastozoa.[7]
Solutes[edit]
Solutes are from the Paleozoic era. They are carpoid echinoderms. Unlike many other types of echinoderm, they lack radial symmetry (such as the five limbs of a starfish).[8] [9] Solutes are the sole order of the class Homoiostelea.
Solute fossils have an irregularly shaped flattened body covered in calcite plates, and are up to about 10 cm long. The body has two appendages, interpreted as a "feeding arm" at one end, bearing tube feet at its end, and a "stele" at the other, which may have been used by the animal to propel itself along the sea floor.[10]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
1. ^ Imran Rahman (January–February 2009). "Making sense of carpoids". Geology Today. 25 (1): 34–38. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2009.00703.x.
2. ^ Lefebvre, Bertrand (2003). "Functional Morphology of Stylophoran Echinoderms". Palaeontology. 46 (3): 511–555. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00309.
3. ^ Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 1011. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
4. ^ Dominguez, Patrício; Jacobson, Antone G.; Jefferies, Richard P. S. (2002). "Paired gill slits in a fossil with a calcite skeleton". Nature. 417 (6891): 841–844. doi:10.1038/nature00805. PMID 12075349.
5. ^ James W. Valentine (2004). On the origin of phyla. University Chicago Press. 608 pp. Paperback. ISBN 0-226-84548-6. - pages 401-404
6. ^ UCMP Berkeley, edu. "Echinodermata: Morphology". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
7. ^ a b David, Bruno; Lefebvre, Bertrand; Mooi, Rich; Parsley, Ronald (2000). "Are homalozoans echinoderms? An answer from the extraxial-axial theory". Paleobiol. 26 (4): 529–555. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0529:AHEAAF>2.0.CO;2.
8. ^ A. B. Smith Deuterostome phylogeny and the interpretation of problematic fossil echinoderms, page 543-544 in Thomas Heinzeller, James H. Nebelsick Echinoderms: München, CRC Press, 2004 ISBN 0-415-36481-7,
9. ^ Smith, A. B. (2005). "The pre-radial history of echinoderms". Geological Journal. 40 (3): 255–280. doi:10.1002/gj.1018.
10. ^ Henry Gee Before the backbone: views on the origin of the vertebrates, Springer, 1996 ISBN 0-412-48300-9 page 204 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Chicago Fire Fighters Local No. 2 History
Prior to the Civil War, the volunteer fire company was a private service in most American cities. The early “fire society” or “fire brigade” was an association of local citizens banded together for the purpose of protecting community lives and property. In 1831 the Illinois Legislature required any incorporated city or town to have a volunteer department. Chicago’s first volunteer company was organized in 1835.
Firefighting soon became an established municipal service manned by a paid full-time work crew. But this new organization also depended upon the generosity of local politicians for jobs, salaries, and working conditions. A civil service system did not exist. Firefighters were often dismissed when a new political boss gained control of the city. Firefighting jobs were treated as political gifts and men were not always hired for their skills, but for their political contributions at election time.
Like other labor groups, Firefighters contested with management over wages, hours and conditions. But because of their unique status and the community’s dependence upon them, their opportunities to press for change were often severely constricted.
As the years went on, dedicated firefighters realized that something needed to be done. It was necessary to create an organization for the improvement of working conditions and the reputation of the profession. The first such organizations formed began as mutual insurance groups to care for members and their families because of on the job death and injury.
An annual salary by the turn of the 20th century was only about $1,300 per year. The cost of living at this time was relatively low, yet a firefighter’s salary was still not comparable to that of other skilled workers. Chicago Firefighters labored under the “continuous duty system” which required them to live at their fire stations day and night with only three breaks for meals. With luck, a fireman would receive a day off from this routine once or twice a month and, depending upon the disposition of his fire chief, a vacation break. It became clear to Firefighters that an organized Labor Union was the solution to their problems.
Trade Unions for Firefighters were always opposed by city officials. It was their contention that there was no place for Unions in fire departments.
Chicago Firefighters formed an independent Firemen’s Association in 1901, but this young Union had its problems. In spite of intense opposition on the part of many city officials, and the suspension of many Union officers as they struggled to form the Firefighter’s Union, the officers and members succeeded.
The first president of the newly formed, Fireman’s Association of Chicago was Henry Bassett who died in the line of duty. He was a Lieutenant on the 2nd Platoon and was killed by falling walls on December 19, 1905.
While the association lacked the clout an alliance with a larger organization could bring, in July 1906, the fledgling Union became the second Firefighters’ Union to be chartered by the American Federation of Labor (AFL). There was no existing national Union for new groups of workers, the AFL issued what was known as a Federal Labor Union Charter to the new local group, which it did for Chicago and the few scattered firefighters locals around the nation that organized in later years prior to 1918.
Chicago’s AFL Federal Labor Union number was No. 12270. Pittsburgh, PA which organized in 1903 was the first Firefighter’s organization to be issued a charter by the AFL and they were Local Union No. 11431.
The association with the AFL allowed the Chicago Firefighters to work within the trade Union movement in Chicago and nationally to bring attention to the long hours and minimum pay that Firefighters received.
Still, a wholly Firefighter organization was needed to create greater solidarity among these individual Unions. At the AFL Convention in November 1917, Edward McCahill of Chicago Local #12270 and other firefighter delegates were successful in passing a resolution allowing the Firefighters to form an International Union within the AFL.
This resolution was not without opposition as the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Stablemen and Helpers of America and the Union of Steam and Operating Engineers filed protests against the issuance of such a charter because they claimed jurisdiction over some of the employees of the fire service – specifically the drivers of the equipment and the engineers who operated the steam pumpers. These protests were not upheld by AFL President Samuel Gompers and the convention floor because the nature of firefighting created such a community of interest that were various separate Unions to have jurisdiction the organizing of firefighters would be ineffective, impractical and impossible.
Firefighter delegates then met in February 1918 at the call of AFL President Samuel Gompers to form an International Union of Firefighters. With the formation of the International Association of Firefighters (IAFF) on February 28, 1918 the former AFL Unions were given affiliate numbers based on their date of affiliation with the AFL. Chicago having been the second firefighter’s organization to join the AFL was designated as IAFF Local 2 – Chicago. The immediate goals of the new national Union were better pay, a two-platoon system and the elimination of political assessments or mandatory donations from fire fighters.
During debate at this inaugural convention, the delegate from Chicago, Brother George B. Hargan stated … “the Chicago firemen went into the Labor Movement (AFL) after Pittsburgh … We went into it to improve conditions for the men of the Chicago Fire Department. I said to the President of the Chicago Federation of Labor, …. We have had opposition in Chicago from the insurance interest and the Fire Department officials; the Chief of the Department organized what is known as the ‘Helmet Club’ … and everything we try to do, they try to undo. It is a case of a house divided against itself. When we got thru with one fight for improved conditions and lost, we had one-thousand dollars in debts, with our members leaving like rats leaving a sinking ship. The loyal members stuck together and in less than two years we had the two platoon system; and just before leaving for this convention, we put over a pay raise that makes us one of the best paid fire departments in the United States.”
Firefighters’ wages remained the most important issue of the early 1920’s. A first class firefighter only received $2,200 a year in 1922 under the new 84-hour system. During the years between 1922 and 1927 a petition from Chicago Local No. 2 to the Chicago City Council, urging the City to grant a salary increase to the members of the fire department was routinely denied. Death pension benefits for widows and disability benefits for Firefighters were also nonexistent in Chicago.
It took the Great Depression to impress upon firefighters the urgent need for a strong and effective Union. The proof of the value of effective organization was that in cities that were organized very few wage cuts or reductions in personnel resulted. In cases where actual wage cuts occurred they were delayed, and thereby at least enabled the members to receive their prevailing salary for a longer period. During this time, Local 2 aggressively campaigned for legislation that would protect its rank and file members.
The Union succeeded in reducing the work week of Firefighters to 72 hours, when in 1936, Mayor Edward J. Kelly gave Chicago Firefighters a day off for every seven on duty, beginning a new terminology that Illinois Fire Fighters still use for additional days off – a “Kelly” Day. Chicago fire fighters were so fond of Kelly, they named him an “Honorary Fire Chief” in July 1934.
By the late 1930’s, public opinion had become more favorable toward Unions. Local 2 had earned the attention and respect of city officials by increasing the efficiency and professional stature of the fire department in Chicago. Few could argue with the fact that firefighting has become a very professional service.
In the 1950’s, Local 2 continued its fight for shorter hours and won a reduction to 63 hours per week. Negotiations during the last several decades have followed a philosophy that the hours and wages of a firefighter should be comparable to those of other skilled AFL workers.
While John J. (Spike) Lynch was President (1958 to 1968), Local 2 realized there was more than one way to win benefits for its members. A struggle must be waged on two fronts – City Hall and the State Legislature. Local 2’s legislative committee has drafted proposals on pension benefits, hospitalization plans, civil service procedures, and workmen’s compensation laws.“There’s a direct relationship between the bread box and the ballot box, and what the Union fights for and wins at the bargaining table can be taken away in the legislative halls.” – UAW President Walter Reuther
Mayor Richard J. Daley was the ultimate politician. From 1955 until his death in 1976, he created and perpetuated a political machine with a power base built on a strong patronage system. It gave him control of more than a million votes. He loved his city and adhered to the “common man” ethic. For this reason, he greatly appreciated his Fire and Police Departments, considering them the backbone of, not only his city, but his patronage system as well. He was a fair-minded man which led him to tell the Executive Board at a meeting in October 1976, “Even though you never got a contract out of me, you better get one when I’m gone.” Mayor Daley died on December 20, 1976.
Mayor Daley’s successor was Michael Bilandic who tried feverishly to conduct business as usual in the City of Chicago. Mayor Bilandic was up to the challenge of keeping Local 2, and any other labor organization from getting a labor contract that they were hoping for with this new mayor. Once again, they were denied.
Mayor Bilandic was a one termer. Not only did the “Blizzard of 79” kill his mayoral career, but a spunky, aggressive women with short blonde hair who went by the name of “Janie” challenged him. Local 2 members all remember her. Mayor Daley’s Consumer Affairs Commissioner, Jane Byrne took the title of Mayor for the City of Chicago away from Michael Bilandic. Janie was willing to talk to those shutout from City Hall and was ready to listen. The days of the handshake were over. We want what our fellow brothers have in Detroit, New York and Boston have – a contract now!!
The city had the spunky, aggressive women in their corner and we had a tough, spirted, outspoken leader ready to take on City Hall. He was Local 2’s new President Francis J. “Moon” Muscare. As a matter of fact, while he was on the job, he was disciplined quite a few times. This is the man that Local 2 members put their sights on to get them their contract. The Chicago Firefighter’s strike means different things to different people. Some felt that the strike was a blemish on the city’s history. Some striking firemen and paramedics would tell you that it was an important step for the maturing of the department. They would tell you that without the strike, they would not have the contract which is now so dear to the firemen. Therefore, was the strike a necessary evil to aid the 4,000 firemen who loved their jobs and risked their lives, or were the striker’s criminals who deserted their posts and put the city at risk? The following will give a history of the strike and a brief analysis. Maybe then, the strike will be more understandable from both schools of thought.
At the beginning of tensions that lead up to the fire fighters strike, the department included about 4,000 Active Firemen. Mayor Jane M. Byrne utilized the weight that this Union, the International Association of Fire Fighters Local 2, and its members could bear on the outcome of an election. She catered to their long-standing demands to acquire a written contract between the City and the Union. With the help of their votes, which she won due to her promises, she was elected to office. Local 2 never had a contract with the city and eagerly awaited legislation which would bring this covenant to fruition. The leaders of the soon-to-be factions were divided by their sides of the struggle but were very similar in regards to their demeanor. Our current Union president was a brash, flamboyant and charismatic leader. His convictions and resolve were strong to the point that a clash with Byrne would be imminent. Jane Byrne, who during her campaign for the mayoral position exuded a pro-Union position, now carried herself as a tough-minded, strike busting Union enemy. She would prove to be equally stubborn as Muscare. The odds seemed against the two factions reaching a settlement without a great deal of rhetoric and controversy.
On August 22, 1978 Frank Muscare and the Executive Board approved a first draft of a contract for Local No. 2. On October 14th and 15th, Union members voted on the issue of going out on “strike” for the first time. The ballots were counted, and the rank and file voted against authorizing a strike. The count was close: 1729 against and 1664 for a strike. The City’s administration never met with our Union’s negotiating team, and this was a direct slap in the face to all Union members.
On August 2nd, 1979 Mayor Byrne’s advisors told Local 2 Union Officials that a contract would have to wait approval of the Collective Bargaining Ordinance by the City Council. On August 20th, President Mucare and the Executive Board began weekly meetings in the Bismarck Hotel; but again City officials boycotted them. The Union had waited eleven months of 1979 and still no one in the city was meeting with Local 2 at the Bismarck and there was “No” contract!
On December 15th and 16th, Union members went to vote at Chicago Plumbers Hall and after the ballots were counted, the vote this time was 2,326 to strike and 658 not to strike. The firemen authorized the Union’s Executive Board to call a “strike” whenever it saw fit. One city official informed Mayor Byrne that “she was messing around with the wrong group. You know how most Unions have a brotherhood, well this Union is a brotherhood, because these guys ate, drank, and slept together, and their strength was their brotherhood.”
On January 15, 1980, Union officials rejected the city’s proposal, that only Firefighters could be in the Union excluding the officers, because they were management. Six of the eight members of the negotiating team were officers including President Frank Muscare.
On February 14th, 1980, the mood of Local 2 Firefighters and paramedics was very somber throughout the department knowing that in just a few minutes Union members would be staging a strike. At 0515 hours they walked out. This was a time when each person had to evaluate their own situation and make a decision that would affect them for the rest of their lives – “Do I Walk or Do I Stay?” They walked out at 0515 and at many fire houses strike signs hadn’t even been delivered yet. Local 2 Member Ed Tetzner said to one news channel, “The lines have been drawn in the sand, we asked and asked for the city to meet with our Union. We were promised a contract from the Mayor, but all we got were broken promises. Well for one thing, there are three men on the back step of a garbage truck in Chicago, and only two men on the back step of a Fire Engine. Second of all, we don’t have self-contained breathing apparatuses for the firefighter who risks his life like in many other cities in this country. Our equipment is junk, our fire clothes are shabby and leak water, there are no radios for communication and I could go on and on. But I will now help my brother Firefighters get a barrel, and we will light a fire.”
Mayor Byrne was mad as hell and told the media that only a small portion of the fire department walked out. But soon, more accurate figures emerged from the Union that 97% of all the department was out on strike. This figure was determined by the radio and phone systems put in place for the event. The Union regarding the strike, was more informed than the upper echelon of the fire department. The Fire Commissioner Richard Albrecht issued a directive for all fire department personnel to return to work. The order was broadcasted over the radio and television. But the directive failed and firefighters and paramedics across the city stayed out! “We have solidarity!” Muscare said with 97% of our Brothers and Sisters who walked out on strike. Members stood defiant, and some prayed around a wood-burning fifty-five gallon steel barrel on that first long night. City officials prepared to go into the Circuit Court to seek contemp citations against the strikers for disobeying a direct order. By day four, many problems appeared. Members were getting a lot of flack at home from terrified wives and kids, because Mayor Byrne held a press conference and warned any strikers that they would be fired and replaced if they did not return to work by 10:00a.m. Circuit Court Judge Hechinger pleaded with the Union and gave them an ultimatum. Get back to work by the 10:00p.m. deadline or you will face contempt of his court. A rally was set in the Daley Center for the next day. At the rally, hundreds of Union strikers attended carrying signs and chanting “We want a contract” over and over. President Frank Muscare stated that the negotiating team was ordered back to court to face the contempt charges. He also said that things were going to get tougher, but wouldn’t go back without a signed contract! The hearing ended in a stalemate, and Judge Hechinger imposed a $40,000 a day fine on the Union and the Union leaders for refusing to end their so-called “Illegal Strike.” A mass meeting was held at the McCormick Inn Frank Muscare addressed the strikers and said, “The Judge asked us to order all of you back to work, and your Executive Board said NO!” Mayor Byrne told the media about, what she called, “The Goon Squad” calling them terrorists! These were the men who traveled from firehouse to firehouse that were working and were trying to get the working firemen out on strike. On the seventh day, all the Unions and negotiators returned to Judge Hechingers courtroom. Frank Muscare and CFD negotiators agreed to go back to work, but only for 24 hours without a full contract. At the same time, around the clock negotiations would continue. The Union insisted on amnesty for all strikers. The Mayor agreed to amnesty, except for those engaged in criminal or quasi-criminal activity. Finally an agreement was formed. The men would return to the firehouse and talks would continue.
February 21st at 1100 hours, members began signing in at firehouses all across the city. The mood was good, but many men remained worried. The non-striking fireman could only express a sigh of relief knowing that their fatigue-filled days would soon be over. The jubilation was unanimous – BUT, again the city refused to meet, because all picket signs were not down. They threw the Union president in jail, and enforced a lock out of the firehouses. President Muscare was found guilty of criminal contempt, and sentenced to 5 months in the Cook County Jail. Across the city, barrels were again being lit up and members were angry! They didn’t know what was going to happen, but one thing was certain, they would stick together!
Friday, February 22nd the news wasn’t good. The Mayor thought now that President Muscare was in jail he was out of her hair and this strike would end her way. The Union made a formal appeal to the entire labor community for assistance and support against the city’s Union-busting tactics. William McClennan of the International Association of Fire Fighters Union agreed to come to Chicago with a staff representative from the International. The meeting/rally was brought to order at 2000 hours. Bill Reddy tried to bring everyone up to date. There were about 4,000 people, from firemen to wives and children. There was a phone on the podium, and it began to ring. It was President Muscare from the Cook County Jail. The crowd roared yelling out his name. He said, “to stay strong and listen to Bill Reddy. Also, to do what he was doing in jail. Keep your chin-up and your back against the wall!”
On February 27th , day fourteen, the Fire Commissioner Richard Albrecht issued a final ultimatum. If the firefighters return to work by 8:00p.m., there would be no disciplinary action toward them. But, the city said no matter what happens, the seven Battalion Chiefs who went on strike would be fired!
On February 28th, the Firefighters ignored the Fire Commissioner’s return to work order, and on February 29th, the sixteenth day, the city and the Union rejected the Federal Mediator’s plan to resume talks. This now meant that there hadn’t been any serious talks for some six days. Members returned to the barrels, only to hear more bad news. The Federal Mediator returned to Washington, because he was convinced the negotiations were hopelessly deadlocked. The bitter cold wind was out of the north, and to make matters worse, it began to snow. Angry and cold, members huddled together around the barrels. Some just prayed while many other spit into the burning barrel saying, “who do they think they are, playing with our lives.”
Sunday, March 2nd, in spite of the cold, thousands of Firefighters and their wives and children showed this city that they were united. As they rallied, Reverend Jesse Jackson was in a meeting with Mayor Byrne. She agreed to let the Reverend enter the conflict as an unofficial mediator.
A Union meeting was called at the International Amphitheater. This “could be it”. A new pin came out called the “Brotherhood of the Barrel”, and members were told to wear them with pride.
March 6th and day 21, the Union meeting/rally scheduled for that night was sure to be a full house. Thousands of people showed up wearing their B.O.B. pins, their worried looks reflected their hatred, anger and fear. There were not many smiles. The City wanted members to go back to work while the negotiators met. The Union wanted amnesty for all, but the City wouldn’t budge on that issue. A call went to Moon in jail and he was mad as hell. He said if members accept this, they will lose dignity as Firefighters forever. The vote was taken and not many approved the proposal. The vote was loud and clear – “NO!” Thursday,
March 7th, day 22, and members returned to Daley Plaza. Jesse Jackson was now with the Mayor to inform her of the last vote of NO! He emerged from this meeting with the Mayor, and came over to address the crowd of angry strikers. For more than six hours Jackson acted as a shuttling mediator between the City and the Union. After many hours of heavy negotiating they called a recess until 1000 hours Friday, March 8th. Out on the barrel the mood was very upbeat because now after some thirteen days negotiations were back on.
On March 7th, the 23rd day, Mayor Byrne released a press statement that made negotiations stop again. She said that the City was negotiating an end to the strike, not negotiating a contract. This statement enraged the firemen and the line in the sand was drawn, once again. Somehow that statement was smoothed out by saying an interim agreement and a contract was just a matter of semantics. Talks continued. An air of mixed tension hung over the city that day and evening as members paced back and forth in front of the firehouses. The barrels glowed at the base and just a small amount of flames was issuing from the top as members waited for the news from the Bismarck Hotel. It all came down to 3 issues, amnesty, all strikers must work a day without pay, and seven Chiefs be suspended without pay for four days. It was agreed! It was midnight Saturday, March 8th, members assembled at the McCormick Inn. They were tired, unshaven, cold and their heavy coats smelled of smoke from standing around the Barrel. “There were 3,500 guys or more that packed that ballroom. We were united and there was a strong sense of pride that filled the room.” The formal ratification came at 01:37 hours after Bill Reddy called for a vote. It was unanimously accepted – END OF STRIKE!!
Though the win was gratifying, a huge question hung in the balance. Now what? Back to the firehouses to face fellow Brothers who crossed the picket lines and decided to work or those no one knew who came on the job during those 23 days and who would now be beside the veterans working in life and death situations. Everyone had their own reason why they walked and why they stayed – who can fault who? Who can place blame? Everyone did what they felt they had to do at that time. It is a stronger Union as a result. Now, its time to move forward. We are forever negotiating better benefits for our members, striving to keep what we have and to obtain even more. As the faces of our ranks change over time, the men and women of Local 2 will always stand steadfast in our resolve to respond to those in need of help; never wavering in our duty to aid and assist those who find themselves in dire situations. Our Union is like a family and families don’t always agree.
Our Brotherhood is our bond and we celebrate our differences as a way to better serve the Citizens of Chicago and keep each other safe. | FINEWEB-EDU |
File talk:Internationale Raumstation Bahnhöhe (dumb version).png
New data?
If someone can find (more recent) data (csv file, ...), I would love to plot the data (PGFplots/TikZ to svg). This graphic looks sort of sketchy — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rubdos (talk • contribs) 09:18, 12 May 2015 (UTC)
* Here is a graph for the last 12 months. You can look at archived snaps of it, e.g. this one from 2012 showing the big 2011 orbit boost by Johannes Kepler ATV. Probably you can assemble several archive plots into a longer-period graph, or you can extract the raw data from the plots. Unfortunately I haven't found raw data from NASA yet. Hope this helps. — JFG talk 07:49, 5 February 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
Πάν
Etymology
In the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, it is claimed that derives from, neuter nominative singular of because “he delighted all”, but the stems differ (cf. gen. πάντος vs. Πάνος).
Alternatively, the deity may be of Indo-European origin; see Sanskrit, a Vedic god associated with guarding and multiplying cattle, from from.
Proper noun
* 1) Pan, the Greek god of shepherds and nature | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Clinton Foundation-State Department controversy
The result was no consensus. Opinion is divided (with a slight lead for delete) between the view that this is a POV fork of Clinton Foundation and the view that it is an independently notable subtopic. There are defensible arguments (as well as many low-effort "votes") on both sides, such that I can't determine based on policy who is "right". Sandstein 19:05, 22 September 2016 (UTC)
Clinton Foundation–State Department controversy
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Article is a WP:POVFORK from the Clinton Foundation, not a notable topic on its own, and is an unsalvageable WP:COATRACK in its current form; also presents BLP concerns. — Wikidemon (talk) 03:13, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Obvious keep. This is no different from Hillary Clinton email controversy in the sense of being a perfectly valid article subject. The argument seems to be that it is a POV fork of the Clinton Foundation article but this controversy would overwhelm that article, just as it would overwhelm the article about the United States Department of State. There are separate articles about many Clinton scandals, though Wikipedia editors have decided that any list of them is verboten, so it's no surprise when they would try to delete articles about the scandals themselves. Good luck with that. Maybe we should delete Watergate scandal too, as a POV fork of Presidency of Richard Nixon?Anythingyouwant (talk) 05:00, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* No, the extent of coverage between this and the email "controversy" is tremendous. It's mountain vs. molehill. Most of this article consists of POV laden WP:SYNTHESIS. The only sources really are a single AP story and then several stories slamming that AP story. And yes, the purpose of this article is solely to circumvent consensus on the Clinton Foundation article. The POV is obvious and obnoxious. As is the WP:GAMEing. This is also a cynical attempt to do a run around discretionary sanctions on American Politics articles. The creator of this article - and you as well - know from experience that adding garbage content to an existing article can be challenged, and then it is up to the person wishing to add it to get consensus for inclusion. It's painfully obvious that most of the content of this thing would not get such consensus. So you guys went and created a separate article for all the junk you know you wouldn't be able to get into the legitimate article. This is disruptive behavior, clear and simple, and it's actually fairly stunning in its cynicism and disrespect for Wikipedia policy.Volunteer Marek (talk) 05:17, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* The email controversy is a molehill compared to Watergate (so far), and this thing is a molehill compared to the email controversy (so far), but if a molehill is big enough and covered in reliable mainstream sources enough then it's appropriate for it to become the subject of one of Wikipedia's millions of articles (take a look at them, there's an article for every moth and every subway stop and every athlete who ever kicked a soccer ball).Anythingyouwant (talk) 05:27, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* The "controversy" perhaps merits a mention - a few sentences - in the main article on the Clinton Foundation but it does not warrant its own article. Indeed, a good chunk of the content of this article consists exactly of material that was removed from the Clinton Foundation article on BLP and POV grounds... which is of course why C.Fredkin created this article (with your help) - because including that content in the original article would require firm consensus which he knew he couldn't get.Volunteer Marek (talk) 05:41, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* And oh yeah, articles on "moths" generally aren't subject to BLP policy. Hate to point out the obvious.Volunteer Marek (talk) 05:44, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* As an example, using the exact same logic, and the same kind of process, someone could create an article on, say, List of white supremacists supporting Donald Trump or White supremacist support for Donald Trump. There's plenty of sources: Wall St Journal, ABC News, MSNBC,, Politico, VF, , WaPo, and a ton more. And all of these are reliable sources (well, I'm not 100% sure about the Alaska Dispatch News one). Would you vote to keep those articles? Volunteer Marek (talk) 05:52, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* How about if we let other editors get a word in edgewise?Anythingyouwant (talk) 06:00, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Nothing is stopping anyone from commenting below. Now stop deflecting and please answer the question. Would you vote to keep those articles? Volunteer Marek (talk) 06:03, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* I wasn't deflecting, just exercising my right to not read. But since you insist, no I would have no objection to an article titled White supremacists to whom Donald Trump has sold access and favors. Assuming there are any.Anythingyouwant (talk) 06:11, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* So you would vote "keep" for an article on White supremacist support for Donald Trump? (and your POV pushing is sort of showing through with that snark (not deflecting? You just deflected again. Come on man. You know people can read your comments right?) WP:AGENDA appears to fit)Volunteer Marek (talk) 06:27, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Too many leading questions. We two have said enough.Anythingyouwant (talk) 06:34, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* It's a question which illustrates a valid point. If the article of this AfD is legitimate then so is an article on White supremacist support for Donald Trump. Your continual evasiveness and refusal to actually answer the question sort of evidences the fact that you know this but don't want to state it out loud.Volunteer Marek (talk) 06:38, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* The Communist Party USA has endorsed Clinton even in the primaries. Should we write an article about that? TFD (talk) 08:08, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Except it didn't. Anyway, if you got a dozen reliable sources on the topic then maybe... as long as we can also write the White supremacist support for Donald Trump article.Volunteer Marek (talk) 13:25, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* See the party's website, "America needs a landslide against Trump." Their electoral strategy is to not field a candidate, but to get their members and supporters to support Clinton. It is covered in U.S. News and other mainstream media. And no I do not think there should be an article, just wondering whether you did. TFD (talk) 01:01, 18 September 2016 (UTC)
* WP:OTHERSTUFFDOESNTEXIST is a very weak argument. The Wordsmith Talk to me 20:34, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Politics-related deletion discussions. — Rhododendrites talk \\ 05:03, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of United States of America-related deletion discussions. — Rhododendrites talk \\ 05:03, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Conspiracy theories-related deletion discussions. — Rhododendrites talk \\ 16:06, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Organizations-related deletion discussions. — Rhododendrites talk \\ 16:07, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
* Keep The Foundation has attracted controversy during the current U.S. presidential campaign because of allegations that donors to the Foundation were given special access to the State Department when Clinton was Secretary. While the information could be merged into the main Foundation article, it would be undue emphasis, due to the size of the information. In its own article, we can balance criticism of the actions of Secretary Clinton and her staff and the Foundation with well sourced defenses, according to the weight provided in reliable sources. So there are no point of view issues, the topic is sourced and critically it meets notability. TFD (talk) 05:18, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Keep The topic is notable; notability is validated not merely by the amount of news coverage, but by the caliber of that coverage, articles like Hillary Clinton, the Clinton Foundation and the promises she made about it, explained, Washington Post, and From Whitewater to Benghazi: A Clinton-Scandal Primer, The Atlantic (scroll down to Clinton Foundation. That said, we can consider what is the best title.E.M.Gregory (talk) 10:53, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete. This page combines negative information about living person that suppose to be on page Clinton Foundation. Hence this is a POV fork of this section already present on page "Clinton Foundation" and possibly also an "attack page". And it has been created as a POV fork. According to one of users, "The article is ... an absurdly simple solution to all the whitewashing happening on the main Clinton Foundation page". My very best wishes (talk) 13:28, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* P.S. Here is main problem with describing this controversy on this page. It creates false impression that Clinton is profiting from the organization, instead of doing charity work ("allegations that government access was traded for money"). However, in fact 80-90 percent of the expenditures by Foundation go toward charitable programs. Hence the POV and a possible attack page. My very best wishes (talk) 14:48, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* I'd like to comment briefly about that. There are over 30,000 of those emails that have been made public, and they discuss an immense variety of subjects; I don't think one should delete all Wikipedia articles about those subjects merely because they're mentioned in the emails.Anythingyouwant (talk) 13:37, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* You obviously have that backwards. It should be "I don't think one should create all Wikipedia articles about those subjects merely because they're mentioned in the emails"
* And MVBW's link clearly shows, in case there was any doubt, that the creation of this article was a WP:POINTy bad faithed way to circumvent the presence of discretionary sanctions on the main article. Like I said, you're being played and I'm sure couple of the editors responsible are laughing their asses off.Volunteer Marek (talk) 13:48, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete as WP:POVFORK. It's not clear why this unproven allegation would need an article of its own. This sort of trash is often created during election season, and may be safely deleted. Anything useful can be put into Clinton Foundation, although editors will have to look really hard to find such. -- Scjessey (talk) 15:15, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Keep. WP:POVFORK says: "POV forks generally arise when contributors disagree about the content of an article or other page. Instead of resolving that disagreement by consensus, another version of the article (or another article on the same subject) is created to be developed according to a particular point of view." So far, the editors claiming that this is a POVFORK of Clinton Foundation have been unable to provide evidence of a disagreement there that supposedly resulted in this article. I'll also note that the sources for this article are impeccable.CFredkin (talk) 15:21, 6 September 2016 (UTC)CFredkin (talk) 15:19, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* There is that word "generally" in there. They could also arise when some editors KNOW that their preferred POV content won't be included in the main article so they go off and create their WP:OWN version. Which is exactly what happened here. WP:POVFORK also says "The most blatant POV forks are those which insert consensus-dodging content under a title that should clearly be made a redirect to an existing article" which is exactly the case here.Volunteer Marek (talk) 16:04, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* In fact, there were disagreements on main page about it, as documented here, but instead of resolving disagreements by consensus, editors created this fork page - as acknowledged here. My very best wishes (talk) 16:10, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Sorry, but I don't see references to the content in this article in the link provided to the Clinton Foundation Talk page.CFredkin (talk) 17:52, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Keep. It's not "original research"; it's all over the newspapers. Also regarding, "unpublished synthesis", do we need to cite specific pages from Peter Schweizer's Clinton Cash? In any case, it seems pretty clear to me that the article should be kept and improved. Wikipedia is a work in progress...Zigzig20s (talk) 16:01, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Right. "Clinton Cash". A fringe far right conspiracy theory book. That pretty much exemplifies what kind of article we're talking about here (in fact, this article is pretty much based on that book except pains have been taken to make it look legit. Anyone familiar with the book can see right away that "Clinton Cash" served as a template).Volunteer Marek (talk) 16:04, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Well, the research from the book has been republished by the mainstream media. So, it may be inconvenient, but WP:UNCENSORED. Regarding your use of the phrase "conspiracy theory", I am not too sure; if it is published research, we as Wikipedia editors have a responsibility to remain neutral and not pass judgements on sources we don't like. The book was published by HarperCollins apparently, a perfectly respectable publisher. Are there reliable third-party sources suggesting this is part of a vast right-wing conspiracy? If so, you could add this content to the article to expand it, not try to delete it.Zigzig20s (talk) 16:08, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* I agree that the issue is highly controversial and it must be described, but it has been already described on a number of pages, one of them is "Clinton Cash". Perhaps it should be described in even more detail, but this should be done in appropriate subsections of main page about the Foundation, and such subsections already exist and describe the controversy. My very best wishes (talk) 16:22, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* The book was partisan and contained some errors which were corrected. But it is not conspiracist and was published by a reputable publisher. It is not in the same league as Citizen United's Hillary: The Movie. TFD (talk) 19:12, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* We now have more than 130 pages about Hillary including pages within sub-categories . Is not that excessive? My very best wishes (talk) 19:24, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Doubtless some of them are excessive, but they need to be considered on an individual basis, and also it would be interesting to know the total number of pages for other living people; is her number the highest? In any event, the many legitimate pages for this BLP subject could be more easily navigated with the help of lists (like this). And let's not forget: the number 130 is very tiny compared to the number of pages about her in reliable sources (which undoubtedly number in the millions).Anythingyouwant (talk) 19:39, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* OK. This page looks like a stub for Criticism of Hillary Clinton. Is anyone who does same thing for Donald Trump? I am thinking what kind of "fun" that might be. My very best wishes (talk) 20:42, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* That was actually made into an article/list, if memory serves me correctly. But good sense prevailed, and it was roundly deleted. —Melbourne</b><b style="color:#F73">Star</b> ☆ <sup style="color:#407">talk 04:42, 14 September 2016 (UTC)
* Keep. The article subject has received significant coverage in reliable sources, obviously crossing the threshold of WP:N. It certainly needs to be cleaned up, but it is preferable to fix it than delete. The Wordsmith Talk to me 20:34, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Keep. This is a notable subject widely covered by reliable sources. I agree with a cleanup and title change. DoubleCross (talk) 21:55, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* Rename to what? Corruption accusations of Hillary Clinton? That is what this page actually about. Or maybe this should be page Corruption accusations during US presidential elections, 2016, - see this article? There are plenty of sources about anything. My very best wishes (talk) 22:56, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
* I think the current title is factual. There is a controversy between the USDS and the William J. Clinton Foundation. If we use the word "back-and-forth" instead of "controversy", it will sound POV (as Clinton denies it).Zigzig20s (talk) 10:16, 7 September 2016 (UTC)
* Well, let's make search for the current title in Google news: . It produces exactly one source. Yes, the conjecture between Clinton Foundation and State Department was made in certain sources and therefore not an "original research". However, the way it was presented here is POV, the title of the page is inherently POV (it was created to make a conjecture implicitly accusing a living person), and it duplicate content already present in other pages. My very best wishes (talk) 13:46, 7 September 2016 (UTC)
* "Clinton"+"pay for play" gets 12,600 hits. Would you prefer that title? TFD (talk) 18:07, 7 September 2016 (UTC)
* I am only saying that current title is inherently POV. It is constructed to disparage a living person. This is not OK for encyclopedia. Several voters to "keep" suggested to change the title - apparently for that very reason (see above). This might be a good idea, but they did not explain how exactly the title should be changed, and I do not see a reasonable solution. Frankly, I think that WP should not promote propaganda about perceived, rather than actual corruption. My very best wishes (talk) 20:34, 7 September 2016 (UTC)
* Well, it appears to be a campaign controversy. The article does not mention the word "corruption", by the way. (I just did a word search.) Wikipedia is only relaying factual information from reliable third-party sources in this article.Zigzig20s (talk) 21:46, 7 September 2016 (UTC)
* Yes, this WP page does not tell "corruption" because there was no any actual (proven) corruption. However, it implies corruption, as more explicitly discussed in publications ("Why Hillary Clinton’s perceived corruption seems to echo louder than Donald Trump’s actual corruption"). This page implies a crime that did not actually happen. But once again, I think this can be noted as something published, but only on appropriate page and in appropriate context, i.e. on the page about the Foundation. This is POV fork. My very best wishes (talk) 15:49, 8 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete - classic WP:POVFORK created to do a run around discretionary sanctions restrictions as they apply to the main article on the Clinton Foundation. Consists mostly of material that did not/would not be acceptable on the other article. Hopelessly POV. Stuff like this and comments such as these suggest pretty clearly that this is a product of a political POV WP:AGENDA at work.Volunteer Marek (talk) 15:32, 7 September 2016 (UTC)
* Weak keep - This has had significant coverage in the news (e.g. ,,,,). Certainly enough that it deserves either substantial coverage at Clinton Foundation (though some editors insist they will try to remove material there at all costs, not helping their case), or its own article. If ideology is helping to generate support for "keep," it seems even more powerfully to motivate support for "delete." Significant coverage in reliable sources wins in my view. -Darouet (talk) 20:14, 7 September 2016 (UTC)
* Keep - plenty of reliable sources. Article is good and informative. IDONTLIKEIT is irrelevant.BabbaQ (talk) 20:20, 7 September 2016 (UTC)
* Please explain how it doesn't violate WP:POVFORK then. -- Scjessey (talk) 21:54, 7 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete a Trumped up welter of SYNTH, failed V, OR, and BLP smears. I understand that certain partisans may use the word "controversy" to validate the various conspiracy theories and ruminations brewed by their favorite media pundits, but this article fails the basic sourcing policies of WP. Scrape together a series of tenuous or half-accurate "facts" and then caption it "controversy" -- this is not what we do on WP. SPECIFICO talk 22:08, 7 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete POV fork, not notable enough for its own article. PeterTheFourth (talk) 11:26, 8 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete WP:POVFORK. --Proud User (talk) 09:32, 9 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete WP:POVFORK, WP:PROFRINGE, WP:SYNTH, WP:OR, WP:V, WP:BLP. – Muboshgu (talk) 17:07, 9 September 2016 (UTC)
* Keep Detailed spinoff articles are a core concept of wikipedia. This controversy has been covered by many many top tier sources for an extended period of time. ResultingConstant (talk) 17:35, 9 September 2016 (UTC)
* Except WP:spinoff didn't apply to the Clinton Foundation article in the first place, and still doesn't. Also, there was no consensus for a WP:spinoff because it wasn't ever discussed anywhere - except maybe here - after this "controversy" article was created. Apparently there was disagreeable "whitewashing" going on over at the Clinton Foundation article - so this article is somehow "...an absurdly simple solution to all the whitewashing happening on the main Clinton Foundation page". I would like to propose another ironically simple solution - editing in agreement with our core content policies such as NPOV, V, NOR, CONSENSUS, and BLP. Also, I noticed "whitewashing" was used well before the creation of this new page, during Clinton Foundation talk page discussions, along with other POV descriptors of a similar vein. ---Steve Quinn (talk) 05:29, 10 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete - It's not a question of notability. WP:GNG doesn't automatically mean something should have a stand-alone article. There are hundreds of individual aspects of individual campaigns, incidents involving individual candidates, etc. that, taken on their own, could be viewed as notable. But we don't have to take them on their own. Wikipedia is WP:NOTNEWS and doesn't need to cover all of them separately irrespective of WP:WEIGHT/relative significance to the larger topic of which they are a part. There's certainly more than enough coverage to mention this in the article about the Clinton campaign, perhaps the Clinton Foundation article, perhaps others, but the existence of sources about an aspect of those subjects that happens to be visible in the current news cycle doesn't necessitate a new article. It's really just about WP:NOPAGE and WP:POVFORK. I don't contend that there's coverage -- but what's certainly not established is lasting significance outside the campaign/candidacy. I would support deleting the lot of stand-alone "controversy", "conspiracy", etc. articles that have no life outside of 2016 election/campaign/candidacy coverage until after the election, when we can see what has lasting significance. — <span style="font-family:monospace, monospace;"> Rhododendrites <sup style="font-size:80%;">talk \\ 18:17, 9 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete – WP:POVFORK; Odd, that we have a whole article devoted to an alleged controversial relationship between the Clinton Foundation and State Department — yet, neither the Clinton Foundation or State Department articles mention any of these allegations or problems. I will also note, that such alleged controversy has not resulted in anything of substance: firings, investigations, etc. and so I don't see this passing WP:10YT – hell, I doubt this will be notable in a year's time, considering the substance (or lack thereof) present in this article. —<b style="color:#E22">Mel</b><b style="color:#F20">bourne</b><b style="color:#F73">Star</b> ☆ <sup style="color:#407">talk 07:01, 10 September 2016 (UTC)
* Keep. Per users Anythingyouwant, The Wordsmith, and TFD. A stand-alone article is the perfect venue for the complexity of topic. The analogy-argument by user Volunteer Marek re Supremists supporting Trump is bogus; the two elements have no comparable connection. The 'biased title' assertion and other arguments by user My very best wishes are baseless and screechy. IHTS (talk) 08:21, 10 September 2016 (UTC)
* That would be great if the "topic" was actually complex (it isn't). These are simply allegations of impropriety without any actual substance. You can cover that in a paragraph in at Clinton Foundation. It doesn't need a WP:POVFORK of its own, just so it can act as a shit magnet for every ludicrous claim the right can think up. -- Scjessey (talk) 12:04, 10 September 2016 (UTC)
* One could create a lot of similar pages based on coverage during the election campaign. Consider something like Islamophobia of Donald Trump (the sources: ,,), this story about Trump, this story about Trump, this story, etc. Each of these subjects has received significant press coverage. Should they be mentioned on general pages related to the election campaign? Yes. Should we create separate pages about each of them? No, because these are not long-lasting encyclopedic subjects. My very best wishes (talk) 15:38, 10 September 2016 (UTC)
* Those are all opinion pieces and hence not reliable sources. If however you could find numerous reliable secondary sources covering the opinion that Trump was Isamophobic, you could write an article, just as you could write an article about the Clinton campaign's appeal to xenophobia in 2008. We actually have an article about the Southern strategy, while was an appeal to racism by the Republican Party. The determining factor is not our personal political views, but whether or not reliable secondary sources establish notability. TFD (talk) 22:48, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
* , this appeal to reliable sources is a bit specious, since Trump's incorrect statements about Muslims have been widely discredited by reliable sources, and thus Donald Trump's lies about Muslims in the United States, for instance, is perfectly legit and easily sourced. BTW, finding "reliable secondary sources covering the opinion that Trump was Islamophobic" means we can write that article? No, that tortured sentence would mean we can write an article called Opinions claiming that Trump is Islamophobic or something like that. Neither of these two articles, both of which are easily sources, are acceptable for Wikipedia. And that goes for this one as well. Drmies (talk) 16:45, 18 September 2016 (UTC)
<div class="xfd_relist" style="border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0px 25px;"> Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
* Weak Keep: Per Darouet. The topic is covered by notable sources, but the article needs to be cleaned up. Yoshiman6464 (talk) 16:00, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete: The article is chiefly about allegations of impropriety without any actual substance. Fringe elements on the right making allegations and some RS investigating those allegations (and finding nothing of note, see the AP story for the classic example) doesn't merit its own article. Snooganssnoogans (talk) 23:54, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete. A mishmash of political attacks, legitimate criticism, and selective quotation of sources, all cooked up for the pretty clear purpose of circumventing any attempt to build consensus at the main article, Clinton Foundation = a classic WP:POVFORK. Neutralitytalk 13:33, 14 September 2016 (URC)
* Relisting comment: An absolutely enlightening debate... Re-listing for clearer consensus Lourdes 16:11, 14 September 2016 (UTC)
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Lourdes 16:11, 14 September 2016 (UTC)
* keep - not a fork, but a split per Summary style: a clearly defined subtopic with sufficient content and coverage to justify splitting into a separate article. To avoid WP:FORKing, follow the Summary style guidelines. Staszek Lem (talk) 17:10, 14 September 2016 (UTC)
* This can scarcely be said to be a "clearly defined subtopic." In fact, it's a mishmash of largely unrelated attacks and criticisms. Neutralitytalk 18:33, 14 September 2016 (UTC)
* In fact, it clearly violates the section of the article on Summary Style on POV forks, because of the way it was written. It's irretrievably bad, basically. -- Scjessey (talk) 20:59, 14 September 2016 (UTC)
* How? See my comments below. TFD (talk) 01:10, 15 September 2016 (UTC)
* Comment A few editors have voted to delete by citing "WP:POVFORK." That is not an argument, unless an explanation is provided why it violates POVFORK, which no one has done. Certainly forks are allowed and even some POVFORKs are allowed. No one has explained what makes this a POVFORK or an unacceptable POVFORK. A POVFORK is an article about the same subject that gives different weight to the content. "Clinton Foundation-State Department controversy" is not a competing version of "Clinton Foundation" that provides a different narrative, but is solely concerned with one aspect of the foundation, viz, the "controversy." There are numerous examples of similar articles. The "Watergate Scandal" for example, while it may be a fork of the "Watergate Hotel" or the "Nixon Administration" is not a POVFORK, because it does not provide an alternative narrative of the Watergate Hotel or the Nixon Administration. TFD (talk) 01:10, 15 September 2016 (UTC)
* The statement that there is an actual controversy is already POV. Sources on the right claim there is a controversy, sources in the middle and on the left mostly deny this. In other words, the very title is problematic. Drmies (talk) 16:49, 18 September 2016 (UTC)
* You are saying that there is a controversy over whether there is a controversy. I think you mean that only the Right questions the Foundation. If that is true, it is not a reason to delete the article, but something that should be added to it. Incidentally that is true of most political controversies from Watergate to the Monica Lewinsky affair. One side will make allegations that the other denies. TFD (talk) 19:51, 18 September 2016 (UTC)
* Keep, regretfully . It's a valid spinoff from either the foundation or campaign articles, and including all the back-and-forth in either article would give undue weight to the subject. -- SarekOfVulcan (talk) 03:33, 15 September 2016 (UTC)
* On further review, I made the wrong call above. It's too much of a mishmash as it stands, and the information about the alleged pay-to-play wouldn't be overbearing in the main article. Delete per SYNTH, as others have stated.-- SarekOfVulcan (talk) 11:59, 19 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete total WP:POVFORK, many others have explained the fork above, I agree with those arguments. Rockypedia (talk) 18:26, 16 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete Strong. Put the relevant information in the respective articles about the C Foundation and H Clinton. (Wikipedians should create a rule and NOT allow writing articles about current events). (I have a wiki account (not active in the last year) and I have edited with my different dynamic IP in the last 2 months. I'm saying this because I don't know if there are crteria about commenting/voting here.) --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:29, 17 September 2016 (UTC)
* That talking heads discuss it, and that the press discusses the talking heads discussing it, does not notability make. Scjessey said it pretty good, "That would be great if the "topic" was actually complex (it isn't). These are simply allegations of impropriety without any actual substance. You can cover that in a paragraph in at Clinton Foundation." Delete as essentially POV. It seems to me that there is a great desire to populate Category:Controversies related to Hillary Clinton. One wishes some editors would pay fair and balanced attention to Category:Controversies related to Donald Trump, but that category didn't even exist until recently. How strange. Drmies (talk) 16:49, 18 September 2016 (UTC)
* User:Drmies, I think you'll find that there are a lot more non-controversy-related articles at Wikipedia about Hillary Clinton than Donald Trump, because much more has been written about her over the years, and because she has been a political figure a lot longer. So having more controversy-related stuff about Clinton is not anomalous. I tried to spruce up this article some more today. When people like Ralph Nader, Bernie Sanders, and the editorial board of the New York Times all say that this controversy involved ethical problems (if not legal ones), then I hardly think you can pin this one on the vast right-wing conspiracy.Anythingyouwant (talk) 01:39, 19 September 2016 (UTC)
* The Clinton category dates only from last year, same time Trump started running. As for the rest, I disagree with you. Again, not everything that the NYT spends an article on is worthy of its own article. I simply do not see why this can't be captured in the main article, with the amount of space determined by the number and availability of the sources. Drmies (talk) 02:42, 19 September 2016 (UTC)
* The amount of space required by the available sources would take up too much room in the main article about the Clinton Foundation, and so would give the matter undue weight in that article. I would be glad to get rid of the Hillary Clinton controversy category, if we can instead have a list format which would be more appropriate and useful (I've been suggesting such a list for many years).Anythingyouwant (talk) 03:16, 19 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete largely per arguments from Neutrality, MelbourneStar, Drmies, and others. The article is a mishmash of loosely related information assembled in a way that strains to legitimize the existence of a grand controversy based on allegations of malfeasance. It seems that the article was created after a two-week-long culling of material from the Clinton Foundation article, which strongly suggests that this was created as a WP:POVFORK. The existence of sources is a necessary, but insufficient, criteria for an article to exist. The subject should also be covered as a cohesive subject in multiple reliable sources. A Google news search for Clinton Foundation-State Department controversy suggests that that's not the case.- MrX 00:02, 19 September 2016 (UTC)
* Keep seems like an obvious keep given the significant coverage of the controversy. FreeKnowledgeCreator (talk) 01:41, 19 September 2016 (UTC)
* Mercy!! We don't even have an RS reference cited that states there is a "controversy" concerning the relationship of the Foundation to the State Dept. It is 100% SYNTH.SPECIFICO (talk) 03:13, 19 September 2016 (UTC)
UTC)
* That's precisely what's at stake here--whether there is such significant coverage beyond the usual news on today's controversy, manufactured or not. Drmies (talk) 02:42, 19 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete POV Fork as aptly demonstrated by u|MrX (Ivote above) with this link The foundation for this article appears to be the Clinton Foundation article. Also, it is a collection of information to support the conjecture that there is a Clinton Foundation - State Department Controversy leading to supposed misconduct and malfeasance - which has never been shown to occur. This is also backed by - there is no such topic that is covered in reliable sources. For example, a search with this topic generates the following results: "Fact-checking the Clinton Foundation controversy | PolitiFact"; "From Whitewater to Benghazi: A Primer on Bill and Hillary Clinton (The Atlantic)"; "US election: Why is Clinton's foundation so controversial? - BBC News"; "State Department approved 2015 Bill Clinton speeches, controversial"; "Clinton faces late summer scandal wave - POLITICO"; and so on. This indicates the topic is WP:Synthesis and contravenes NPOV because a leap has to occur to make it from any of these reliable sources to this topic. There is no there, there. No RS indicates this topic exists. Also, "controversy" is a WP: weasel word in that it is vague, is an opinion (POV), and gives the impression the topic is authoritatively communicating something specific and meaningful "when in fact only a vague or ambiguous claim has been communicated." Steve Quinn (talk) 03:21, 19 September 2016 (UTC)
* Comment (as nominator). As of my nomination this article was a textbook POV fork: a hodgepodge of weakly sourced negative claims about the Foundation, created by a small group of editors who had been unable to shoehorn the material into either the Foundation article or the Clinton campaign article. My various attempts to attach POV and RS tags were repeatedly reverted, so I thought it best to just delete the article for being untenable as-is, and unlikely to improve. Since then I've been sitting back rather than offering my !vote, watching as a number of good arguments have come in for keeping the article, and some very solid efforts on all sides to improve it and get rid of any POV. It's not a bad article at all now, and this is far from a slam dunk case, but on balance I don't think this article stands on its own as a legitimate WP:SPINOUT, i.e. a POV fork without the POV. If you look at the article, very little of it is about what the article purports to be about, namely the existence, scope, history, and nature of a controversy about the intersection between the Clinton Foundation and the State Department. Rather, it is a catalog of various well-sourced things about the Foundation that also have to do with Clinton or the State Department, together with some aspersions that there is something wrong about the intersection. What we don't have in the article, and what isn't there in any way with ongoing sources, is an indication that these various events are the subject of any major or ongoing controversy. As such, the article is a relatively empty intersection of the two subjects, with a tendency towards being a WP:COATRACK by listing a bunch of things that could be taken as negative. So, all in all, most of the content is either something significant enough that it would belong in the foundation article or some other sub-article if editors there saw fit to include them, or else very minor trivial stuff that does not pass weight concerns. - Wikidemon (talk) 22:33, 19 September 2016 (UTC)
* FYI nomination assumes supporting deletion, so a second bolded !vote from the nominator is taken as a duplicate. Suggesting you unbold or change to 'comment'. — <span style="font-family:monospace, monospace;"> Rhododendrites <sup style="font-size:80%;">talk \\ 22:35, 19 September 2016 (UTC)
* Done. That just goes to show you how rusty I am at deletion nominations :) - Wikidemon (talk) 23:15, 19 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete as POV Fork. Brianga (talk) 05:16, 20 September 2016 (UTC)
* Pointless short rationale.BabbaQ (talk) 06:28, 21 September 2016 (UTC)
* how about you explain how this is not a POV fork? your pointless response might carry some weight then. —<b style="color:#E22">Mel</b><b style="color:#F20">bourne</b><b style="color:#F73">Star</b> ☆ <sup style="color:#407">talk 14:25, 21 September 2016 (UTC)
* Delete because: (1) the article reads a lot like finger-pointing, much like a blog (not like Wikipedia, which is what this site is called); (2) this is a coatrack which is used to further support an argument that such a controversy exists, but again, this is not a blog or a research paper; (3) it's not notable on its own, so merge all the content back to the Clinton Foundation article. By the way, I'm not voting for either Clinton or Trump, not that it matters, but you can't really say I'm biased. epicgenius (talk) 16:39, 21 September 2016 (UTC)
* Keep per EM Gregory, there is plenty here for an article even if it is negative about Hillary. 🔯 Sir Joseph <sup style="color:Green;">🍸 (talk) 17:25, 21 September 2016 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Page:Coloured Figures of English Fungi or Mushrooms.djvu/630
excipuliforme. The stem is sometimes lacunated, whence Bulliard's Lycoperdon lacunosus, &c. tab. 52. We have seen the plant in this last state growing in woods, but we suspect the furrows to have been eaten by some species of Limax when the fungus was young. Both this and the last plant renew their outer coats after being wounded. The cellular part affords some powder, though very little in proportion to the general cavity above, which powder, as in the preceding species, is attached in immense quantities to minute fibres. The stellæ are sometimes formed in regular points, three or more, spreading or coming together, varying from a perfect white to a deep black. Large specimens of this are called Lycoperdon maximum in Schæffer, tab. 191. TAB. CCCXXXIII.
found this plant often, mostly growing solitary, varying very much in sfize. The upper part is always sharply conical, somewhat opaque and mealy. The stipes is partly transparent, and cylindrical, about the same length as the head. The root is composed of a few small fibres. Of the many I have seen, I did not perceive that it grew from decaying or putrid Larvæ. TAB. CCCXXXIV.
curious little parasite is found on Fern-stalks in autumn, either on the upright growing plant or the decaying remains of it. We have found it varying a little; see fig. 1 and 2. Fig. 1. has a smoother head than fig. 2, the head of which is nearly similar to a Sphæria, and its stalk when magnified is a little hairy. They are both solid, and of a somewhat friable texture, but in drying become a little horny. TAB. CCCXXXV.
on old stumps of trees in Kensington Gardens and other places, not unfrequently. Its delicate whiteness will sometimes help to distinguish it. The branched stems form irregular intricate tufts, resembling a Bysuss, or rather a minute Coral. | WIKI |
Extracting names from given list of URLs (using regex)
let us extract name form the URL
https://www.google.com/name?=rajiv
paste the URL in the notepad and press crtl+f , and select ‘regular expressions ‘ from search mode
find in notepad
now, enter the regex in the find tab to fetch names
.*?\?=(\w+)$
Now, the selected name will be fetched form regex as (\1).
it can work on numerous links like:-
https://www.google.com/name?=rajiv/
http://www.example.com/asdas?=borde/id=?
http://www.example.com/asdasd?=bordex
http://www.example.com/name?=bordet
http://www.example.com/asdasd?=border
http://www.example.com/jsciloji?=bordeeeee
http://www.example.com/name?=bordee
http://www.example.com/name?=bordeeeeeee
http://www.example.com/09328e?=bordeeee
http://www.example.com/name?=borde
http://www.example.com/lpaosd?=borde
And only the part after first “?=” will be fetched
Magento 2 cli commands [continued]
1. Setting GD2 as defualt image adapter from command line
Magento >= 2.2
php bin/magento config:set dev/image/default_adapter GD2
php bin/magento cache:clean
Magento >= 2.2
mysql --host=(host) --user=(user) --password=(password) -D (database) -e "\ UPDATE core_config_data SET value = 'GD2' WHERE 'dev/image/default_adapter' = path; \";
2. Disable Minify CSS Files option from command line
Magento >= 2.2
php bin/magento config:set dev/css/minify_files 0
php bin/magento cache:clean
Magento < 2.2
mysql --host= --user= --password= -D -e "\ UPDATE core_config_data SET value = 0 WHERE 'dev/css/minify_files' = path; \";
php bin/magento cache:clean
3. Disable Merge CSS Files option from command line
php bin/magento config:set dev/css/merge_css_files 0
php bin/magento cache:clean
Magento < 2.2
mysql --host= --user= --password= -D -e "\ UPDATE core_config_data SET value = 0 WHERE 'dev/css/merge_css_files' = path; \";
php bin/magento cache:clean
How to install theme in Magento 2
Download the theme and copy the app folder and paste it in your magento root directory
1. Open Shell, in the root directory, enter php bin/magento setup:upgrade . This will upgrade all the magento files.
2. Also, Clear cache ,type php bin/magento cache:clean .
3. Now force deploy the static files by typing php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy -f . It will take a while.
4. Now, Go in the dashboard and select content->configuration.
5. Select the option with default store view and edit.
6. Select your theme from the options and click save and edit. If some problem arises, go to the vendor/magento/module-email/Model/AbstractTemplate.php and comment the “if” condition of “setForcedArea” function, aprox. at line 535.
7. After changing theme successfully, clear the cache as done before.
Voila, the theme is changed!!
How to connect cpanel through SSH
Following are the steps to connect to cpanel through SSH:-
1. Go to your cpanel and create a public private key-pair,
under SSH access->manage keys.
2. Under manage keys section, go on create a new key.
3. Create a key and give key name, key password, key type and key size.
4. Click on generate keys and it will look something like this.
5. Go back and under public key section ,
select your public key->manage->authorize key.
6.After that go to private key section and click on download private key and enter the same paraphrase (password) that you’ve entered before (key password).
7. After the keys are downloaded, open PuTTY. Go to sessions and enter username and hostname .eg [email protected]
8. Go to SSH , select SSH Protocol version 2:
9. Under SSH, go to Auth, and select the private key downloaded and click open
10. A terminal will pop up. Enter your key paraphrase.
11. Done , you are now connected to your root folder via SSH.
Installing Magento Common Issues
Following are the steps to complete install Magento error-free:-
• Uncomment the files which are required by Magento in php.ini and restart the server
• If installation error occurs, set memory_limit = 786M
• if still error occurs, uninstall the db and make it again
• after successfull install, go to (root_directory)app/etc/di.xml and change “Symlink” to “Copy” in developerMaterialization section.
• go to cmd , root directory and type :- “/bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy
• refresh the page. done. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How Can You Tell if Your Muscles Are Toning?
"Mirror, mirror on the wall, who has most muscle tone of all?"
"Mirror, mirror on the wall, who has most muscle tone of all?"
No matter how much you huff and puff when lifting weights, you'll never see muscle tone and definition if you have excess fat on your body and eat doughnuts all day long. You'll be more successful if you eat a sensible diet and also include regular cardio in your routine. Burning fat and stimulating muscle tissue is a win-win combination. If you don't believe this, there are various ways to check whether your muscles are toning.
Remove your clothes and look in the mirror; if your workout routine is effective, you'll be able to see your muscles in the mirror. At first, you might not notice much of a change because of the excess fat that might still be covering your muscles, but as you burn fat, you'll gradually be able to see more of the outline of your toned muscles.
Rub your hands over the areas you've been working. If it feels firmer than it did before you started exercising, you're developing muscle tone, because muscle feels firmer than fat, even when it's not contracted. The more your workout progresses and fat reduces, the more you'll be able to feel your toned muscles.
Put on a pair of pants that fit comfortably before you start your exercise routine. Those same pants might now seem too big in size, because your toned muscles take up less space than the fat that was previously filling your pants.
Measure the circumference of the areas you want to tone with a flexible measuring tape before starting your exercise routine. Once you're well into your routine, measure these areas again to ensure your routine is effective. You might notice that the circumference has reduced, because muscle is denser than fat.
Determine how much lean muscle tissue you have before and during your quest for a toned body. Use a skinfold caliper to measure the skinfolds of your chest, thigh and abdomen in millimeters. Enter the measurements in a body fat calculator to determine your body fat percentage. Multiply your weight in pounds by this percentage. Subtract your answer from your weight in pounds to determine how many pounds of lean body mass you have. If your lean body mass is equal to or higher than before you started exercising, you're losing fat, which makes it more likely that your muscles are toned and more visible.
Items you will need
• Old pair of pants
• Skinfold caliper
• Flexible measuring tape
Tip
• Snap pictures of your body every week so you can see your body changing and muscle tone developing. Taking pictures also allows you to catch negative factors, such as weight gain, early on so you can nip it in the bud.
Warning
• Check in with your health care practitioner before beginning a new exercise routine.
Photo Credits
• George Doyle/Stockbyte/Getty Images | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Improvements to Silverlight Multi-binding support
by StefanOlson 19. July 2009 14:57
Update 29/April/2010: Have changed the examples and updated the zip file to reflect to the changes required for Silverlight 4 compatibility (see here for details).
Hopefully some of you have picked up the recent blog post by Colin Eberhardt, entitled Silverlight MultiBindings, How to attached multiple bindings to a single property. It provides an excellent basis for multi-binding support in Silverlight until they actually get on with it and become more compatible with WPF and have multi-binding directly built in!
However, when I came to use the multi-binding support, there was a limit with Colin's original design that you can only have one multi-binding per element, as you can see by this example:
<TextBlock x:Name="Block" Foreground="White" FontSize="13"
Margin="5,0,0,0">
<local:BindingUtil.MultiBinding>
<local:MultiBinding TargetProperty="Text" Converter="{StaticResource TitleConverter}">
<Binding Path="Surname"/>
<Binding Path="Forename"/>
</local:MultiBinding>
</local:BindingUtil.MultiBinding>
</TextBlock>
If you also wanted to hide the text block if forename or surname were empty, under the original design that you couldn't do this, because you can only have one target property. So I've made some changes which allows you to have multiple multi-bindings per element. So to make the example I'm describing possible the code would now look like this:
<TextBlock x:Name="Block" Foreground="White" FontSize="13"
Margin="5,0,0,0">
<local:BindingUtil.MultiBindings>
<local:MultiBindings>
<local:MultiBinding TargetProperty="Text" Converter="{StaticResource TitleConverter}">
<local:BindingCollection>
<Binding Path="Surname"/>
<Binding Path="Forename"/>
</local:BindingCollection>
</local:MultiBinding>
<local:MultiBinding TargetProperty="Visibility" Converter="{StaticResource TitleToVisibiltyConverter}">
<local:MultiBinding.Bindings>
<local:BindingCollection>
<Binding Path="Surname"/>
<Binding Path="Forename"/>
</local:BindingCollection>
</local:MultiBinding.Bindings>
</local:MultiBinding>
</local:MultiBindings>
</local:BindingUtil.MultiBindings>
</TextBlock>
So, now you can have an unlimited number of multi-bindings on the TextBlock!
Unfortunately, this makes a single multi-binding slightly more complicated because you need to declare the multi-bindings object to contain only a single binding. So the original example, if you were just having a single binding it would look like this:
<TextBlock x:Name="Block" Foreground="White" FontSize="13"
Margin="5,0,0,0">
<local:BindingUtil.MultiBindings>
<local:MultiBindings>
<local:MultiBinding TargetProperty="Text" Converter="{StaticResource TitleConverter}">
<local:BindingCollection>
<Binding Path="Surname"/>
<Binding Path="Forename"/>
</local:BindingCollection>
</local:MultiBinding>
</local:MultiBindings>
</local:BindingUtil.MultiBindings>
</TextBlock>
Source Code
you can download the source code for the project here slmultibinding.zip
WPF Compatibility
The code here should (in theory) be compatible with WPF if you want to single source your xaml code between WPF and Silverlight. Hopefully Silverlight 4 will have multi-binding and this workaround will no longer be required.
…Stefan
Tags:
Silverlight
Comments
7/19/2009 6:28:27 PM #
Hi Stefan,
Nice one - good improvement. Did you also see the little amendment I added at the bottom of the page to allow binding of attached properties:
www.scottlogic.co.uk/.../#comment-2124
Regards,
Colin E.
Colin E.
7/19/2009 7:16:00 PM #
Colin,
Thanks so much for the original article, the lack of multi-binding is extremely frustrating when working in Silverlight.
Yes, I did include the change you made to support attached properties into the code I've used. I'll be interested to see if anyone needs to use it for properties outside of the System.Windows.Controls that you have referenced. It would be nice to avoid having to hardcode that.
...Stefan
StefanOlson
7/19/2009 11:52:09 PM #
Cool - glad you included that.
Yes, I did wonder about hard-coding the System.Windows.Controls namespace, however it was a compromise (these things always are). To do it properly I think you would have to allow namespace prefixes - I have no idea if the XAML parser exposes the namespace prefix mappings for a document. So, the compromise was just to keep it simple!
Colin E.
Colin E.
12/7/2009 1:12:10 AM #
Thanks for the article.
I can't get the multibindings to work when using more than one source. The bindings do not seem to be updated when specifying a source using ElementName. I adapted the example (to something non-sensical) to illustrate what I want to do. When MyListBox.SelectedItem changes, the bindings aren't updated (breakpoints in the converter aren't encountered).
<TextBlock x:Name="Block" Foreground="White" FontSize="13"
Margin="5,0,0,0">
<local:BindingUtil.MultiBindings>
<local:MultiBindings>
<local:MultiBinding TargetProperty="Text" Converter="{StaticResource TitleConverter}">
<Binding Path="Surname" />
<Binding Path="SelectedItem" ElementName="MyListBox"/>
</local:MultiBinding>
</local:MultiBindings>
</local:BindingUtil.MultiBindings>
</TextBlock>
Is this a limitation of the implementation or am I doing something else wrong?
Erik
12/11/2009 8:57:17 PM #
Recently came by this article, and must say that its great! However, I am having a slight problem, although it is obviously one of those "by design" things, but perhaps you'll be able to help me.
I am using the code to format data in a DataGridTemplateColumn in a DataGrid. I have one MultiBinding with two Bindings (so that means two BindingSlave's being created). Once the DataGrid is bound (for simplicity, lets say there's just one row), each of the BindingSlave's Value property changes, and as a result, UpdateConvertedValue is being called twice. However, the first time it is called, the second BindingSlave does not yet have a value (well, it does - the null that is specified in the DependencyProperty ValueProperty) - I dont know the proper terminology, but its basically because it has not yet had its Value assigned. This presents a problem for when writing the Converter - it must account for the cases when the second BindingSlave has no value yet. In essense, that amounts to lots of "==null" checking, which may not be correct in some cases, since it just might be true that the value is null.
For now (i.e. it is enough in my case), I changed the code as follows to work around this:
BindingSlave class:
Change
public static readonly DependencyProperty ValueProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Value", typeof(object), typeof(BindingSlave), new PropertyMetadata(null, OnValueChanged));
to
internal static object ValueProperty_NoValue = new object();
public static readonly DependencyProperty ValueProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Value", typeof(object), typeof(BindingSlave), new PropertyMetadata(ValueProperty_NoValue, OnValueChanged));
MultiBinding class:
Change the UpdateConvertedValue method as so:
private void UpdateConvertedValue()
{
var values = new List<object>();
foreach (BindingSlave slave in Children)
{
// if the BindingSlave doesnt have a value yet, dont calculate the ConvertedValue
var o = slave.Value;
if(BindingSlave.ValueProperty_NoValue==o)
return;
values.Add(o);
}
ConvertedValue = Converter.Convert(values.ToArray(), typeof(object), ConverterParameter, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
}
What this does it make sure that the Converter is only called when all the BindingSlaves have had the Value set.
This works in my case, but my case is the OneTime binding mode with nothing special being done by the DataGrid, it just displays data. I'll be glad to see a "fix" for this being done by people with better knowledge than me in Silverlight Smile
Regards,
Anton A.
Anton A.
2/18/2010 7:15:36 PM #
Silverlight multi-binding for WPF
Silverlight multi-binding for WPF
Stefan Olson's Blog
4/19/2010 2:05:18 AM #
In Silverligh 4 I get the following exception.
System.ArgumentException: Object of type 'System.Windows.Data.Binding' cannot be converted to type 'System.Collections.ObjectModel.ObservableCollection
Florian
4/21/2010 2:08:28 PM #
Florian,
Yes, I've noticed that problem to. I will investigate soon and post here, if I can find a solution.
...Stefan
StefanOlson
4/21/2010 6:32:12 PM #
I solved it temporarally by using using the default ContentProperty 'Children' and in xaml using the <BindingSlave /> control instead of <Binding />.
Florian
4/28/2010 10:45:05 AM #
I have now made some changes so that it will work under Silverlight 4, see this post for details:
www.olsonsoft.com/.../...ulti-binding-support.aspx
StefanOlson
8/19/2011 1:02:22 AM #
Hi Stefan,
I created a modification to your update to Colin's multi-binding. I added the ability to get a parameter on ConvertBack using a dependency property. I had a case where this was necessary in order to have a dynamic Dictionary<string, string> that could be bound two-way.
Please see this article: flyinghighsoftware.wordpress.com/.../ and let me know what you think.
Brian Collins
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About the author
Stefan Olson is the Managing Director of Olson Software. He has been developing software using Microsoft Technologies for nearly 20 years.
He is currently working on building the next generation Virtual Tour software in WPF and Silverlight for www.palacevirtualtours.com. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
U.S. Consumer Confidence Unexpectedly Improves In January
(RTTNews) - Reflecting an increase in optimism about the short-term economic outlook, the Conference Board released a report on Tuesday unexpectedly showing an improvement in U.S. consumer confidence in the month of January.
The Conference Board said its consumer confidence index climbed to 89.3 in January from a downwardly revised 87.1 in December.
The increase surprised economists, who had expected the index to edge down to 88.5 from the 88.6 originally reported for the previous month.
The unexpected rebound by the headline index came as the expectations index jumped to 92.5 in January from 87.0 in December.
The percentage of consumers expecting business conditions to improve over the next six months increased to 33.7 percent from 29.5 percent, while those expecting business conditions to worsen fell to 18.1 percent from 22.0 percent.
The outlook for the job market also improved, with consumers expecting more jobs in the months ahead rising to 31.3 percent from 28.0 percent, while those anticipating fewer jobs dipped to 21.4 percent from 22.2 percent.
Meanwhile, the report said the present situation index slid to 84.4 in January from 87.2 in December, suggesting consumers' appraisal of current conditions weakened further during the month.
The percentage of consumers claiming business conditions are "good" inched up to 15.8 percent from 15.4 percent, but those claiming business conditions are "bad" also rose to 42.8 percent from 39.7 percent.
Consumers' assessment of the labor market was also less favorable, with the percentage of consumers saying jobs are "plentiful" edging down to 20.6 percent from 21.0 percent and those claiming jobs are "hard to get" rising to 23.8 percent from 22.9 percent.
"Consumers' appraisal of present-day conditions weakened further in January, with COVID-19 still the major suppressor," said Lynn Franco, Senior Director of Economic Indicators at the Conference Board.
She added, "Consumers' expectations for the economy and jobs, however, advanced further, suggesting that consumers foresee conditions improving in the not-too-distant future."
On Friday, the University of Michigan is scheduled to release its revised reading on consumer sentiment in the month of January.
Economists expect the consumer sentiment index for January to be unrevised from the preliminary reading of 79.2, which was down from 80.7 in December.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Category:The Oregonian people
People associated with the American newspaper The Oregonian, based in Portland, Oregon. | WIKI |
Harir Air Base
Harir Air Base (بنکەی ئاسمانیی ھەریر) is an airbase located near to the town of Harir, in the Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
The base was previously known as Bashur Air Base and was seized during Operation Northern Delay as part of 1991 Iraqi uprisings.
History
As part of Operation Inherent Resolve from 2018 to 2023 the base hosted various American aircraft units such as:
* Pilatus U-28A Draco from the Air Force Special Operations Command
* Boeing MH-47G Chinook from the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne) (160th SOAR (A))
* Sikorsky MH-60M Black Hawk from the 160th SOAR (A)
* General Atomics MQ-1C Gray Eagle of the United States Army | WIKI |
Dale Turner (songwriter)
Dale Turner is an American singer-songwriter, rock musician, and multi-instrumentalist/record producer, noted for his sophisticated songcraft, quirky vocal arrangements, and adventurous guitar work. Queen-meets-Mr. Bungle-meets-Frank Zappa-like melodic rock, with somewhat psychedelic musical leanings.
Regarded as a musical "Renaissance man" and "mad scientist" for his versatility as a self-recordist in the studio environment, Turner's overall artistic vision has been likened to Jon Brion, Sufjan Stevens, Todd Rundgren, Jeff Buckley, and the Beach Boys' Brian Wilson. Turner is the lone musician featured on all of his albums.
Awards and achievements
In November 2010, Dale Turner's Mannerisms Magnified CD made Guitar Player magazine's list of "Top Three Picks" by Matt Blackett, who praised the album for its "Smart pop tunes that are crammed with interesting guitar parts and tones," comparing it to "what the Beach Boys might do if they were on an acid trip that was on the verge of getting out of control. Yeah!"
On July 11, 2011, Dale Turner's Mannerisms Magnified album achieved No. 1 Top-Rated Album status on Amazon.com in four categories:
* 1) No.1 Top Rated in MP3 Albums > Rock (Singer-Songwriters)
* 2) No.1 Top Rated in MP3 Albums > Alternative Rock (Singer-Songwriters)
* 3) No.1 Top Rated in MP3 Albums > Alternative Rock (Indie & Lo-Fi)
* 4) No.1 Top Rated in MP3 Albums > Rock (Progressive)
A regular "acoustic guitar" content contributor to Guitar World magazine, and featured video performer, Turner was one of the first musicians/guitarists to be featured in Guitar World magazine's "Lick of the Day" App. for iPhone.
In 2006, Turner's guitar/vocal-only rendition of Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" was selected as one of the "Top Cover Song Recordings" at the Just Plain Folks Music Awards.
Radio
Dale Turner's's debut American radio broadcast was on "Appalachian Trail," Steve Sedberry's "Vaguely Folk Music" show on WUWG Radio 90.7 FM, broadcast August 24, 2004; Sedberry played Turner's cover versions of Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" and Harry Nilsson's "Coconut."
In addition to terrestrial radio, Turner's music also appears on Pandora Radio.
LPs
* Interpretations (2004)
* 1) "Bohemian Rhapsody"
* 2) "God Only Knows"
* 3) "Blackbird"
* 4) "Sweet Baby James"
* 5) "Hallelujah"
* 6) "She's Always a Woman"
* 7) "Leader of the Band"
* 8) "Sister Golden Hair"
* 9) "Castles Made of Sand"
* 10) "Coconut"
* Mannerisms Magnified (2010)
* 1) "Brian on the Brain"
* 2) "Bad Seed"
* 3) "Sooner or Later You'll Hate Her"
* 4) "She-Hab"
* 5) "Hiding Place"
* 6) "Taken"
* 7) "Morality Rule"
* 8) "Five Things"
* 9) "Saboteur"
* 10) "Civil Lies"
* 11) "Exit Wound"
* 12) "Solace Song" | WIKI |
The OpenHPI Daemon v2.1.0
The OpenHPI Daemon is provided in the distribution so that it is possible to run a program on a machine that does not have the OpenHPI libraries installed on it. This is accomplished by providing a daemon to run on a machine which does have the OpenHPI libraries installed on it and a client library to which you link your application.
The Daemon Functional Description
The daemon is designed as a standard Linux daemon. It can be set up to start automatically using the standard Linux methodology for daemons.
Although the daemon is designed to run under the root user security settings, it can also be run by a standard user as long as the proper command line options are provided. This mainly has to do with the placement of the daemon's pid file.
The daemon listens on a TCP/IP network port for incoming connections. When a client connects to the daemon a thread is spawned to handle that connection and the daemon then waits for new connections on the main thread. This architecture limits the number of useful connections that can be handled simultaneously, but it is unlikely that the number of clients will be high enough to seriously impair the performance of the daemon or the machine it is running on. The default listening port for the daemon is 4743, but this can be overridden via a command line option. Currently the daemon only supports TCP connections.
The network protocol the daemon uses is embedded in the marshaling library. The marshaling library forms a platform and hardware architecture independent protocol for passing the HPI API parameters to the daemon from the client and returning arguments. The client library also embeds the marshaling library and this forms a code/decode mechanism for the client and the daemon to use to pass parameter API information.
The marshal library encodes binary information in a hardware independent format for transmission over the connection. This means that the client can be running on an x86 architecture and be able to successfully connect and communicate with a daemon that is running on a p-series or other hardware architecture. The only limitation to the successful communication between a client and a daemon is that the marshal library does not yet support any 64-bit architecture on either the client or the daemon.
Compiling and Linking the Daemon
The daemon code is compiled and linked by default. It does not need to be enabled via the configure script.
The daemon can be installed using the standard
make install
command. This includes adding the daemon executable (openhpid) to the machine's PATH.
Running the Daemon
The daemon is built with the expectation that it will be run by the root user. However, it can be run by a standard user if the user overrides the pid file location via the command line. There are also additional command line options to modify the behavior of the daemon. Here is the complete list.
-c conf_file
-v
-p port
-f pidfile
-n
-s secs
-t threads
The daemon can also be run using the standard init.d init script mechanism. The shell script openhpid.sh is provided to help you enabled this capability.
The Client Library Functional Description
The client library should be used in place of the standard OpenHPI library for linking your application. It supplies all of the HPI APIs plus some oHpi APIs to provide for dynamic configuration of OpenHPI.
Compiling and Linking Your Application
The client library is compiled and linked by default.
The client library can be installed using the standard
make install
command. This includes adding the client library (openhpiclient) to the machine's PATH.
Running Your Application
Your application may require two environment variables in order to work correctly.
OPENHPI_DAEMON_HOST
OPENHPI_DAEMON_PORT
All HPI APIs used in the client library return the standard HPI error codes.
OpenHPI/Manual/OpenHPIDaemon (last edited 2014-02-21 23:08:48 by localhost)
Related Sites: SA Forum, OpenIPMI, Net-SNMP, SourceForge.net | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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